Linux and macOS support (#47)

* [macos/linux] Cross-platform host memory, TLS, and ABI layer for POSIX

Introduces the foundation for running SharpEmu on macOS (osx-x64 under
Rosetta 2) and Linux (linux-x64). The CPU backend executes guest x86-64
code natively, so these targets run the whole process as x86-64; this
commit replaces the Windows-only host primitives with platform-dispatched
equivalents so the guest boots and services HLE calls off Windows.

Memory (HostMemory.cs, new): a Win32-semantics facade over
mmap/mprotect/munmap with a shadow region table answering VirtualQuery.
PhysicalVirtualMemory, DirectExecutionBackend, StubManager, and the two
Kernel*CompatExports now go through it instead of kernel32 P/Invokes.
Exact-address requests use MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE (Linux) / guarded
MAP_FIXED (macOS) so they match Win32 "map there or fail" semantics.

TLS + host helpers (PosixHostStubs.cs, new): pthread-backed TLS and
Win64-ABI-compatible stubs for the kernel32 helpers the backend embeds
into emitted x86-64 code (TlsGetValue, QueryPerformanceCounter,
SwitchToThread, Sleep). A Win64->SysV thunk wraps managed callbacks,
since .NET on POSIX compiles them for the SysV ABI while the emitted
call sites use Win64.

Guest address layout: the 0x7FFx window is Windows-only (dyld shared
cache / Rosetta runtime live there on POSIX), so stack/TLS/stub regions
relocate to 0x6FFx off Windows.

Vectored exception handling is gated off on POSIX for now (guest faults
are not yet recovered) — the signal-based bridge is the next step. Also
adds osx-x64 to the RID list and a Docker-based Linux smoke-test script.

Status: on both macOS (Rosetta) and Linux (amd64), the guest now boots,
runs native x86-64 code, and dispatches HLE imports. macOS stops at a
Rosetta translation-cache issue; Linux runs ~252 imports through C++
static-init before hitting the missing fault handler (SIGSEGV).

* [posix] Bridge the vectored exception handler to sigaction(SIGSEGV/SIGBUS/SIGILL)

Guest faults on macOS/Linux previously terminated the process because the
recovery logic in DirectExecutionBackend.Exceptions.cs was Windows-only.
This adds a POSIX front-end that reuses the existing handler bodies:

- DirectExecutionBackend.PosixSignals.cs installs SA_SIGINFO handlers via
  an [UnmanagedCallersOnly] entry, rebuilds the Win64 EXCEPTION_POINTERS /
  CONTEXT view from the platform mcontext (Darwin __ss thread state via
  the mcontext pointer at ucontext+48, Linux glibc gregs at ucontext+40 --
  offsets verified against the headers on both platforms), runs the same
  chain as the VEH path (TryRecoverUnresolvedSentinel trap-sentinel
  recovery, TryHandleLazyCommittedPage demand paging, VectoredHandler
  diagnostics incl. FS/GS TLS-fault detection), and writes register
  changes back into the mcontext so sigreturn resumes the repaired guest.
  Unrecovered faults chain to the previously installed handler so the
  .NET runtime keeps mapping its own faults to managed exceptions.

- The whole recovery path is warmed up with fabricated inputs before the
  handlers are installed. This is required under Rosetta 2: the signal
  trampoline cannot enter x86 code that has never been executed (and so
  never translated) -- a cold handler is silently never invoked and the
  faulting instruction retries forever (reproduced and verified in an
  isolated .NET test under Rosetta for Linux). It also keeps first-fault
  JIT work out of the signal frame.

- Handlers run without SA_ONSTACK: the runtime's alternate stacks are too
  small for the diagnostic path, while guest (2MB) and host thread stacks
  match where Windows dispatches exceptions anyway.

- The raw reads in the shared fault diagnostics (stack qwords, RBP walk,
  code bytes at RIP) now probe the region table on POSIX before touching
  memory, since a nested SIGSEGV inside the handler would kill the
  process before diagnostics finish. Windows keeps its try/catch reads.

- Escape hatches: SHARPEMU_DISABLE_POSIX_SIGNALS=1 skips installation,
  SHARPEMU_DISABLE_RAW_HANDLER=1 disables sentinel recovery (parity with
  Windows), SHARPEMU_LOG_POSIX_SIGNALS=1 traces every delivery (first 16
  and every 1024th are always traced).

Verified with the test game: Linux (amd64 container) previously died with
SIGSEGV right after import #252; it now recovers/diagnoses signals and the
run proceeds to the real next blocker, an unpatched negative-offset guest
TLS read (fault at TLS base - 0x1708), which gets the full NATIVE
EXCEPTION dump before terminating. macOS is unchanged: the bridge installs
and the game still stops at the known Rosetta translation-cache error at
import 12, which is the next work item.

* [posix] Fix guest memory layout faults: TLS prefix, exact mmap, map search base

Three fixes that take the test game from dying during libc init to running
its full main loop on macOS and Linux:

- Static TLS blocks live below the TCB (FreeBSD amd64 variant II) and
  libc.prx reaches past -0x1700, but only a 4KB prefix was mapped below
  the TLS base. The prefix is now 64KB on POSIX (Windows keeps 4KB); the
  fault was a read at TLS base - 0x1708 during libc init.

- HostMemory exact allocation on macOS used MAP_FIXED, which silently
  maps over untracked host memory. The direct-memory allocator's address
  scan walked into the .NET runtime's JIT heap and replaced live code,
  which under Rosetta 2 surfaced as "no code fragment associated with
  the given arm pc". Exact placement now passes the address as a hint
  and fails on relocation, like MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE does on Linux.

- sceKernelMapDirectMemory/MapFlexibleMemory searched for free space
  starting at 4GB, which is the Mach-O image base on macOS. The default
  search base is 0x20_0000_0000 on POSIX, and TryAllocateAtOrAbove now
  asks the kernel for a placement instead of page-stepping through host-
  owned address space (Rosetta ignores mmap hints for whole VA windows),
  over-allocating when the caller needs more than page alignment.

Windows behavior is unchanged; all divergences are platform-guarded.

* [macos] Video presenter on the main thread, MoltenVK support, window keyboard input

Gets the test game from a headless loop to a playable window on macOS:

- AppKit traps with SIGILL ("NSUpdateCycleInitialize() is called off the
  main thread") when GLFW runs on a worker thread. The CLI now moves
  emulation onto a worker thread on macOS and parks the real main thread
  in HostMainThread.Pump(); the presenter posts its whole window loop
  there instead of spawning a thread, and a shutdown handler asks the
  render loop to close the window so the pump unwinds on guest exit.

- MoltenVK: enable VK_KHR_portability_enumeration (+ the portability
  instance flag) and VK_KHR_portability_subset when advertised, and gate
  robustBufferAccess2 on the device actually supporting it (Metal does
  not; the old code keyed it off robustImageAccess2 and vkCreateDevice
  failed with ErrorFeatureNotPresent).

- Input: pad exports polled user32 GetAsyncKeyState, so POSIX hosts threw
  DllNotFoundException per scePadReadState call. The presenter now
  attaches the window's keyboard via Silk.NET.Input into HostWindowInput,
  and the pad exports map the existing VK-code layout onto it off
  Windows. Headless hosts (Linux containers) report a disconnected
  keyboard and fall back to neutral pad data silently.

GLFW needs an x86-64 Vulkan loader under Rosetta: place a universal
libMoltenVK.dylib next to SharpEmu named libvulkan.1.dylib (Homebrew's
arm64-only copy cannot load into the x86-64 process) and export
DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to that directory.

Verified: Dreaming Sarah boots to a MoltenVK-backed 2560x1440 window on
macOS (Apple M4, Rosetta 2), renders the intro, title, and menus, and
keyboard input drives it into gameplay. Linux (amd64 container) runs the
same build headless through millions of imports with no faults. Windows
paths unchanged; arm64 and x64 builds clean.

* [posix] CoreAudio playback, self-contained MoltenVK loading, input/log polish

- Audio: sceAudioOut ports now play through an AudioQueue backend on macOS
  (stereo PCM16 with the same 32KB backpressure pacing as the WinMM path).
  The WinMM port and the new CoreAudio port share an IHostAudioPort
  interface and sample converter; hosts without a backend (Linux
  containers) keep the silent fallback.

- MoltenVK: GLFW resolves Vulkan with dlopen("libvulkan.1.dylib"), which
  cannot see the app-local universal MoltenVK build, so the presenter now
  feeds vkGetInstanceProcAddr straight into glfwInitVulkanLoader (GLFW
  3.4) before creating the window. No DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH needed; the CLI
  also preloads the dylib for Silk.NET and prints setup hints when it is
  missing. scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh stages the official universal
  dylib next to a build.

- The virtual-range allocator's failure trace now names the address and
  length instead of "AllocateAt invocation threw".

Investigated and documented (not port defects): the savedata transaction
failure is identical on Linux and macOS (HLE argument-register mapping for
sceSaveDataCreateTransactionResource), and the in-game tile speckling has
no platform-specific code in its path - the one macOS-only delta is that
MoltenVK lacks robustBufferAccess2, so out-of-bounds shader reads return
garbage instead of zeros.

Verified on macOS: window, audio backend, and keyboard input all come up
with zero environment configuration; the game runs to gameplay. Linux
headless run unchanged (silent audio, no faults). Windows paths untouched;
arm64 and x64 builds clean.

* [cpu] Preserve guest registers and flags across patched TLS accesses

The TLS patch handler replaces guest `mov reg, fs:[...]` instructions,
which preserve every other register and the flags - but the handler
loaded the TLS index into ecx and called TlsGetValue (Win64: clobbers
rcx/rdx/r8-r11) with `sub/add rsp` trashing the arithmetic flags. Guest
code that keeps live values or comparison results across a TLS access
computed garbage deterministically. The handler now saves rcx, rdx,
r8-r11, and the flags around the call, keeping the same inner stack
alignment. This applies to the load patches and both store-helper stubs,
on every platform.

Also in this change, from the rendering-artifact investigation:

- The present blit picks linear filtering for any fractional scale
  (nearest only for integer upscales): a 3840x2160 guest frame blitted
  into a 2560x1440 swapchain with nearest silently dropped every third
  row/column.
- ClampViewport no longer trims the guest viewport rectangle to the
  render target; trimming changed the guest's scale/offset and skewed
  texel addressing. Vulkan permits viewports beyond the framebuffer
  (the scissor confines rendering), so only spec bounds are enforced.
- Env-gated diagnostics grown during the investigation: guest texture
  dumps (SHARPEMU_TEXTURE_DUMP_DIR), aliased guest-image readback dumps
  (SHARPEMU_TRACE_GUEST_IMAGES=alias), small-render-target write movies
  (SHARPEMU_TRACE_GUEST_WRITES=small), unattended input injection
  (SHARPEMU_AUTO_CROSS=secs,...), viewport nudging
  (SHARPEMU_VIEWPORT_EPSILON), chunked-draw toggle
  (SHARPEMU_DISABLE_CHUNKED_DRAWS), and rect-list/draw vertex traces.

Known remaining issue (root cause narrowed, not yet fixed): the game's
terrain texture pages are corrupted in guest memory before any GPU work
- the mound's solid-fill 32x32 tiles decode to fully transparent texels
and the grass page has deterministic gaps, byte-identical across runs.
Ruled out: memcpy/memmove/memset/realloc HLE semantics, sampler wrap
modes, texel-boundary rounding, chunked draws, viewport handling. Next
step is auditing the Chowdren asset decode path (custom compressed
images) against the emulator's import surface.

* [linux] ALSA playback backend for sceAudioOut

sceAudioOut ports on Linux now play through libasound instead of the
silent fallback. The PCM device opens in blocking mode with ~170ms of
device buffer (the time-equivalent of the 32KB queue the WinMM and
CoreAudio ports keep), so snd_pcm_writei provides the same backpressure
pacing without a managed queue. Underruns and suspend/resume go through
snd_pcm_recover with one retry per submit; anything else drops the
buffer rather than stalling the guest.

The "default" device routes through PulseAudio/PipeWire on desktops
and straight to hardware on bare ALSA; SHARPEMU_ALSA_DEVICE overrides
it (the null device makes the path testable in containers). A missing
libasound or device fails port creation and lands in the existing
silent fallback.

Verified in an amd64 container: the test game opens the port
(backend=alsa, 48kHz stereo float32) and streams sceAudioOutOutput
through the null device for a full run; without a usable device the
port logs a warning and falls back to silent. Playback on real Linux
audio hardware has not been tested.

* [fixes] Address review feedback: commit bounds, CoreAudio shutdown, dump errors

- HostMemory: a MEM_COMMIT that runs past its reservation now fails like
  Win32 instead of committing a prefix and reporting success. All current
  callers already clamp their ranges to the region, so this only guards
  future callers.

- CoreAudioPort: Dispose wakes a submitter waiting on backpressure and
  the wait treats ObjectDisposedException as a timed-out wait, so closing
  a port during playback can no longer throw. A failed AudioQueueStart
  tears the queue down and fails fast instead of leaving an undrainable
  queue that stalls every later submit on its timeout.

- AgcExports: texture dumping catches all write failures (bad path,
  permissions), logging a warning instead of crashing when
  SHARPEMU_TEXTURE_DUMP_DIR points somewhere unusable.

Verified with the Linux container run: game boots and streams audio with
the stricter commit check, and a dump dir under /proc produces warnings
instead of taking the process down.

* [ci] Build linux-x64 and osx-x64 archives

Adds a build-posix matrix job (ubuntu-latest / macos-latest) mirroring
the Windows build: locked restore, Release build, self-contained CLI
publish, and a tar.gz artifact per RID (tar keeps the executable bit).
The macOS archive also stages the universal MoltenVK dylib via
scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh so the artifact runs without any manual
Vulkan setup. The release job still only ships the Windows archive.

* [cli] Keep POSIX glfw natives outside the single-file bundle

The KeepGlfwOutsideSingleFile target only matched filenames starting
with 'glfw', which covers Windows (glfw3.dll) but not libglfw.3.dylib /
libglfw.so.3. Those got embedded into the single-file bundle, and
Silk.NET's library loader does not probe the bundle extraction
directory, so a published build died with "Couldn't find a suitable
window platform" (and the glfwInitVulkanLoader wiring, which loads the
library from AppContext.BaseDirectory, could not run either). Keeping
the POSIX names loose next to the executable fixes both, the same way
the Windows build already handled it.

Found by running the CI-built osx-x64 archive: video failed while local
loose-file builds worked. With the fix the published single-file build
opens the MoltenVK window, wires the loader, and reaches gameplay.

* [ci] Publish linux-x64 and osx-x64 release archives

The build-posix artifacts now ship as per-RID GitHub releases on main
pushes and manual dispatches, tagged the same way as the win64 ones
(<rid>-<ref>-<sha>). Archives stay tar.gz so the executable bit
survives extraction.

* [cli] Fail early on non-x86-64 host processes

The CPU backend executes guest x86-64 code natively, so the process
must be x86-64 (win-x64/linux-x64 on x64 hardware, osx-x64 under
Rosetta 2 on Apple Silicon). An arm64 process previously failed deep
inside emulation startup, indistinguishable from MoltenVK, signal
handler, or guest memory problems. CLI mode now checks the process
architecture up front and exits with a message naming the supported
execution model (and the Rosetta install command on macOS). The
GUI-only path stays usable on arm64.

* [video] Log the selected Vulkan device name and API version

The presenter never named the GPU it picked, so a 'no video' report
could not be told apart from a real windowing failure without guessing.
It now logs the device name, type, and API version right after
selection. A software rasterizer (llvmpipe/lavapipe/SwiftShader) shows
up here and typically lacks the device features the translated shaders
need, which is the likely cause when a window opens and presents frames
but nothing draws.

* [video] Steer GLFW to XWayland on Wayland sessions

GLFW's native Wayland backend does not reliably map the Vulkan window
with some drivers (NVIDIA in particular): frames present but the window
never becomes visible, so the game runs with audio and no picture. A
report on an RTX 5080 showed exactly this — all device features present,
frames presenting, but the log had 'libdecor-gtk.so failed to init' and
a 1.4x-scaled window, both Wayland tells.

On a Wayland session that also exposes an X server (DISPLAY set), the
presenter now clears WAYLAND_DISPLAY for its own process before GLFW
initializes, so GLFW selects its dependable X11/XWayland backend.
SHARPEMU_ENABLE_WAYLAND=1 opts back into native Wayland. Headless
(no DISPLAY) and non-Linux hosts are unaffected.

* [video] Force GLFW X11 backend via the platform init hint, log the platform

The previous attempt cleared WAYLAND_DISPLAY to steer GLFW off Wayland,
but a reporter still hit the native-Wayland path (the Wayland-only
libdecor error persisted), so that env trick doesn't switch GLFW.

Use GLFW's supported mechanism instead: glfwInitHint(GLFW_PLATFORM,
GLFW_PLATFORM_X11) before GLFW initializes, called into the same libglfw
GLFW itself loads (the pattern InitializeMacVulkanLoader already uses).
Still gated on a Wayland session with an X server present (DISPLAY set)
so we never force X11 where XWayland can't catch it, and still
overridable with SHARPEMU_ENABLE_WAYLAND=1.

Also logs 'GLFW windowing platform in use: <backend>' after init via
glfwGetPlatform, so a 'no window' report shows X11 vs Wayland outright.
Verified on macOS: the readback correctly reports Cocoa and the
presenter is unaffected (the fix is a no-op off Linux).

* [video] Run the GLFW window on the main thread on Linux too

GLFW requires window creation and event processing on the process main
thread on every platform: initialization, window creation, and
glfwPollEvents are main-thread-only, and X11 in particular has a single
event queue that must be serviced there. A window created and polled on
another thread may never map — which is why the game ran (audio, imports,
even Vulkan present) with no visible window on Linux.

macOS already routed the window loop to the main-thread pump (AppKit
needs it); Windows is fine because it has a per-thread event queue. Linux
was the gap: it spawned a background thread for the presenter. Extend the
existing HostMainThread pattern to Linux — emulation runs on a worker,
the main thread pumps the window work the presenter posts.

Refs GLFW intro guide (thread-safety): init, window creation, and event
processing are restricted to the main thread.

Verified: macOS still boots to its window unchanged; the Linux headless
container runs to millions of imports with no deadlock or regression.
On-screen confirmation on a real Linux desktop is still pending, but this
is the documented root cause for a windowless-but-running Linux session.

* [posix] Skip Win32 native guest workers

* [vulkan] Synchronize offscreen targets before present

* [vulkan] Transition fresh textures from undefined layout

* [vulkan] Report swapchain pixels before source readback

* [vulkan] Emit requested guest image diagnostics

* [agc] Diagnose guest texture fallbacks

* [linux] Keep guest GPU mappings in low address space

* [video] Reduce diagnostic stalls and drain complete frames

* [memory] Harden packed GPU address handling

* [readme] Document Linux and macOS release support

* [posix] Integrate the host platform abstraction

* [posix] Restore guest thread address window

* [video] Run the performance HUD on POSIX hosts

The FPS/CPU/work HUD bailed out unless the host was Windows; only the
per-thread hottest-thread scan actually needs Windows APIs. Keep that
scan Windows-only (POSIX reports 'idle') and let the rest of the HUD
run everywhere — the title is already set from the render thread, which
owns the window on macOS and Linux.

* [posix] Implement native guest worker threads

Guest entry stubs must not run above CLR-managed frames on CLR-created
threads (see the NativeWorker preamble); the PR previously fell back to
the inline calli path on POSIX, which reproduced the documented
'attempted to call a UnmanagedCallersOnly method from managed code'
fail-fast (observed after Dreaming Sarah's menu select) and left the
runtime's suspension machinery walking guest frames.

Provide the missing POSIX half of the worker loop:
- PosixHostStubs grows Win64-convention WaitForSingleObject/SetEvent/
  ExitThread stubs backed by dispatch semaphores (macOS) / unnamed POSIX
  semaphores (Linux) plus pthread_exit, with EINTR retry in the wait.
- Worker events are creatable/signalable/waitable from managed code too,
  so NativeGuestExecutor.Run keeps its handshake (AutoResetEvent stays
  on Windows byte-for-byte).
- PosixHostThreading implements CreateNativeThread/WaitForThreadExit/
  CloseThreadHandle over pthreads (liveness probed with
  pthread_kill(0), then joined).
- RunPrologue/RunEpilogue are routed through the existing Win64->SysV
  thunks, so the emitted loop stays identical across platforms.

* [macos] Disable concurrent GC under Rosetta's write-watch hazard

Background GC's write-watch revisit (SoftwareWriteWatch::GetDirty ->
FlushProcessWriteBuffers) calls thread_get_register_pointer_values on
every thread; under Rosetta 2 that Mach call stalls indefinitely on
threads executing translated guest code. The background mark phase then
never finishes and every allocating or Monitor-taking thread wedges
behind it — observed as Dreaming Sarah freezing at the menu/loading
screen with FPS 0 in 5 of 7 runs, dispatcher/watchdog parked in
Monitor.Enter and all BGC threads waiting in t_join.

Non-concurrent GC never takes that path; a 5-minute soak now holds
22-31 fps in-game with zero stalls. Windows and Linux keep concurrent
GC.

* [diag] Periodic guest-thread snapshots with gate-owner tracking

SHARPEMU_PERIODIC_SNAPSHOT_SECONDS=N dumps the stall snapshot every N
seconds even while imports are progressing, for soft stalls where the
game stops advancing but threads keep spinning. The periodic dump never
touches the guest-thread gate (it must keep reporting when the gate is
what's wedged): it reads a lock-free owner record — every gate
acquisition now goes through LockGate(site), which notes site/thread —
and walks the thread table without the lock, tolerating torn reads.
SHARPEMU_PERIODIC_SNAPSHOT_FILE redirects the dump to a side file for
the case where the console itself is wedged (frozen log mirror was one
of the observed failure modes).

* [nuget] Add osx-x64 RID targets to lock files

* [cpu] Back off the guest join poll

TryJoinThread polled the host thread at a fixed 1ms; a game main thread
joining a long-lived worker (Dreaming Sarah parks there for the whole
session) burned ~5% of managed CPU in Join/Sleep syscalls. Ramp the
poll interval to 10ms once the join is clearly long-lived — exit
detection latency for long joins moves from ~1ms to at most 10ms, and
short-lived joins still resolve on the first 1ms polls.

* [nuget] Add linux-x64/win-x64 RID targets to lock files

* [posix] Keep guest stacks clear of the import-stub descent

The import-stub region descends from 0x7000_0000_0000 on the same 16MB
grid as the guest thread windows; moving stacks to 0x6FFF_E000_0000 put
them inside the stub region's 64-module descent range (floor
0x6FFF_C000_0000), silently consuming the top ~32 stack slots on hosts
with many loaded modules. Drop the POSIX stack base to 0x6FFF_A000_0000:
512MB below the stub floor, still 2.5GB above the TLS window. Windows
keeps 0x7FFF_E000_0000 (its bands are ~15TB apart).

* [pad] Read window gamepads on POSIX hosts

XInput and the DualSense hid reader are Windows-only, which left
macOS/Linux with keyboard input only. The presenter's Silk/GLFW input
context already enumerates gamepads on both platforms, so track their
state in HostWindowInput (event-driven on the window thread, snapshot
guarded like the key set) translated to ORBIS conventions: GLFW's Xbox
layout maps A/B/X/Y to Cross/Circle/Square/Triangle, sticks bias from
-1..1 to 0..255 with Y growing down, and triggers rescale from GLFW's
-1..1 resting-at--1 range with digital L2/R2 bits past 25%.

The merge into ReadHostInputState is gated to non-Windows so a physical
pad is never sampled twice through both a native reader and GLFW.
Hotplug is handled via ConnectionChanged; with no pad connected the
path is inert.

Untested against a physical controller (none attached to the dev host);
axis conventions follow the GLFW gamepad-mapping contract.

* [nuget] Refresh lock files after cross-RID restores

* [posix] Adopt the host audio/input seams from main

Main's #192 abstracted audio output and pad/keyboard input behind
IHostAudioOutput/IHostInput; re-express the POSIX backends behind them:

- CoreAudioPort/AlsaAudioPort move to Host/Posix as
  PosixCoreAudioStream/PosixAlsaAudioStream implementing
  IHostAudioStream. The seam converts to stereo PCM16 before Submit, so
  the ports' own conversion (and IHostAudioPort/AudioSampleConverter)
  is gone; queueing and backpressure are unchanged.
- PosixHostAudio selects CoreAudio (macOS) / ALSA (Linux) as the
  platform's IHostAudioOutput.
- PosixHostInput implements IHostInput over an
  IPosixWindowInputSource that HostWindowInput registers when the
  presenter attaches the window's GLFW input context: keyboard with
  virtual-key translation, the window gamepad snapshot (now in seam
  HostGamepadState/HostGamepadButtons terms), and keyboard-connected as
  the focus signal. Rumble/lightbar no-op (GLFW has no such API).
- PadExports drops its direct HostWindowInput gamepad merge — pads now
  flow through IHostInput.GetGamepadStates like every platform.
- PosixHostThreading.RequestTimerResolution is a documented no-op.

All three RIDs build; SharpEmu.Libs.Tests pass (26/26).

* [nuget] Regenerate GUI lock file for RID-less locked restore

Local cross-RID builds stamped a win-x64 runtimes section into
SharpEmu.GUI's lock file; the project declares no RuntimeIdentifiers,
so CI's 'dotnet restore --locked-mode' failed with NU1004 on every
platform. Regenerated via a plain solution restore (--force-evaluate),
matching what the workflow validates.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/game-compatibility.yml

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
       label: Last Milestone / First Error
       description: Paste the **last useful milestone line** or the **first `WARNING`, `ERROR`, or `CRITICAL` line connected to the stop** from the log. `DEBUG`/`TRACE` lines do not count unless a real error follows them.
-      placeholder: e.g. CpuEngine: native-only  OR  [ERROR] Native backend FAILED: ...
+      placeholder: "e.g. CpuEngine: native-only  OR  [ERROR] Native backend FAILED: ..."
     validations:
       required: true
 

.github/workflows/workflow.yml

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       artifact-name: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.artifact-name }}
       release-name: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.release-name }}
       release-tag: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.release-tag }}
+      safe-ref: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.safe-ref }}
       short-sha: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.short-sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Compute workflow variables
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
           {
             echo "short-sha=${short_sha}"
+            echo "safe-ref=${safe_ref}"
             echo "archive-name=${archive_name}"
             echo "artifact-name=${artifact_name}"
             echo "release-tag=${release_tag}"
@@ -100,6 +102,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build solution
         run: dotnet build SharpEmu.slnx -c Release --no-restore
 
+      - name: Validate synthetic shaders
+        run: dotnet run --project tools/SharpEmu.Tools.ShaderDump/SharpEmu.Tools.ShaderDump.csproj -c Release -- artifacts/shader-dump
+
       - name: Publish win-x64 CLI
         run: dotnet publish src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj -c Release -r win-x64 --self-contained true --no-restore -p:PublishDir="${env:PUBLISH_DIR}"
 
@@ -121,6 +126,65 @@ jobs:
           path: ${{ env.RELEASE_DIR }}\${{ needs.init.outputs.archive-name }}
           if-no-files-found: error
 
+  build-posix:
+    name: Build ${{ matrix.rid }}
+    needs:
+      - init
+      - reuse
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            rid: linux-x64
+          - os: macos-latest
+            rid: osx-x64
+    env:
+      DOTNET_NOLOGO: true
+      NUGET_PACKAGES: ${{ github.workspace }}/.nuget/packages
+      PUBLISH_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/artifacts/publish/${{ matrix.rid }}
+      RELEASE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/artifacts/release
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup .NET SDK
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: 10.0.103
+          cache: true
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            Directory.Packages.props
+            src/**/packages.lock.json
+
+      - name: Restore solution
+        run: dotnet restore SharpEmu.slnx --locked-mode
+
+      - name: Build solution
+        run: dotnet build SharpEmu.slnx -c Release --no-restore
+
+      - name: Publish ${{ matrix.rid }} CLI
+        run: dotnet publish src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj -c Release -r ${{ matrix.rid }} --self-contained true --no-restore -p:PublishDir="$PUBLISH_DIR"
+
+      - name: Stage MoltenVK next to the build
+        if: matrix.rid == 'osx-x64'
+        run: scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh "$PUBLISH_DIR"
+
+      - name: Create release archive
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "$RELEASE_DIR"
+          # tar keeps the executable bit, which zip would drop.
+          tar -czf "$RELEASE_DIR/sharpemu-${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}.tar.gz" \
+            -C "$PUBLISH_DIR" .
+
+      - name: Upload build artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sharpemu-${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
+          path: ${{ env.RELEASE_DIR }}/sharpemu-${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}.tar.gz
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
   release:
     name: Publish GitHub Release
     needs:
@@ -158,3 +222,46 @@ jobs:
               --notes "${notes}" \
               --target "${GITHUB_SHA}"
           fi
+
+  release-posix:
+    name: Publish GitHub Release (${{ matrix.rid }})
+    needs:
+      - init
+      - build-posix
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        rid: [linux-x64, osx-x64]
+    steps:
+      - name: Download build artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: sharpemu-${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
+          path: release
+
+      - name: Create or update release
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          ARCHIVE_NAME: sharpemu-${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}.tar.gz
+          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          RELEASE_NAME: SharpEmu ${{ matrix.rid }} ${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
+          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.safe-ref }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
+          RID: ${{ matrix.rid }}
+        run: |
+          asset_path="release/${ARCHIVE_NAME}"
+          notes="Automated ${RID} build for commit ${GITHUB_SHA}."
+
+          if gh release view "${RELEASE_TAG}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            gh release upload "${RELEASE_TAG}" "${asset_path}" --clobber
+            gh release edit "${RELEASE_TAG}" --title "${RELEASE_NAME}" --notes "${notes}"
+          else
+            gh release create "${RELEASE_TAG}" "${asset_path}" \
+              --title "${RELEASE_NAME}" \
+              --notes "${notes}" \
+              --target "${GITHUB_SHA}"
+          fi

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<!--
+Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+-->
+
+# Contributing
+
+Contributions are always welcome!
+
+Before opening a pull request, please keep the following in mind:
+
+- Keep PRs small and focused on a single topic.
+- Discuss large architectural changes before implementing them.
+- Follow the project's existing coding style.
+- Do not submit generated code unless you fully understand and can maintain it.
+- Do not introduce Sony proprietary code, firmware, keys, decrypted assets, or other copyrighted PlayStation materials.
+- All reverse engineering should be based on publicly available information, clean-room techniques, or your own original research.
+- Game-specific hacks should be avoided whenever possible. Prefer generic implementations that improve overall compatibility.
+- New features should not break existing behavior.
+- Ensure the project builds successfully before submitting a PR.
+
+If you're unsure about a design decision, feel free to open a discussion or draft PR first.
+
+## AI-Assisted Contributions
+
+AI-assisted development is welcome and may be used for research, reverse engineering, code generation, or documentation.
+
+However, contributors are expected to fully understand every line of code they submit. By opening a pull request, you confirm that you are able to explain, modify, debug, and maintain the submitted code without relying on the AI that generated it.
+
+When submitting an AI-assisted PR:
+
+- Clearly explain **what the change does**, **why it is needed**, and **what problem it solves**, using your own words.
+- Describe **how you verified the change**, including the games, applications, or test cases used.
+- Avoid excessive product-level logging. Use logging only when it provides meaningful diagnostic value.
+- Comments should document design decisions or implementation details in your own words. Avoid generic AI-generated comments that merely restate what the code already does.
+- Be prepared to answer review questions about the implementation. "The AI generated it" is not considered a sufficient explanation.
+- Large AI-generated changes without a clear understanding of the implementation are unlikely to be accepted.
+- If the implementation cannot be reasonably explained during code review, the pull request may be rejected regardless of whether it works.
+
+The quality, correctness, maintainability, and long-term ownership of the submitted code remain the responsibility of the contributor.
+
+## Coding Style
+
+SharpEmu follows a consistent coding style across the project. Please ensure your contributions match the existing style.
+
+- Use **4 spaces** for indentation (no tabs).
+- Use **2 spaces** for XML-based files (e.g. `.csproj`, `.props`, `.targets`, `.xml`, `yml`, GitHub workflow files where applicable).
+- Respect the project's `.editorconfig`.
+- Ensure every text file ends with a **single trailing newline**
+- Avoid formatting-only commits unless they are the purpose of the PR.
+- Keep naming, formatting, and file organization consistent with the surrounding code.
+- Prefer small, focused changes over large refactors.
+
+### REUSE Compliance
+
+This repository follows the REUSE Specification.
+
+Every new file must contain the appropriate SPDX license header. Pull requests that do not comply with the project's REUSE requirements will fail CI and will not be merged.
+
+### Recommended Development Environment
+
+The repository includes an `.editorconfig` and Visual Studio solution files.
+
+For the best experience, we recommend using:
+
+- Visual Studio Code with;
+  - C#
+  - C# Dev Kit
+
+Most editors that support `.editorconfig` will automatically apply the project's formatting rules.

Directory.Packages.props

@@ -12,11 +12,15 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Fonts.Inter" Version="11.3.18" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Themes.Fluent" Version="11.3.18" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Iced" Version="1.21.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.14.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Input" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" Version="2.23.0" />
     <!-- Transitive of Avalonia.Desktop; pinned to fix GHSA-xrw6-gwf8-vvr9 -->
     <PackageVersion Include="Tmds.DBus.Protocol" Version="0.21.3" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="xunit" Version="2.9.3" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.1.1" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

README.md

@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   <strong>Join our Discord for development updates, compatibility discussions, support, and community chat.</strong>
 </p>
 
----
-
-> [!WARNING]  
-> Currently the primary development target is Windows.
+---
+
+> [!NOTE]  
+> SharpEmu supports Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS x64. Apple Silicon Macs
+> can run the macOS x64 build through Rosetta 2.
 
 > [!WARNING]  
 > SharpEmu is an experimental PS5 emulator developed from scratch in C#. The current focus is on accuracy and infrastructure setup rather than game-specific compatibility.
@@ -59,14 +60,33 @@ Current capabilities include:
 
 Some games have reached like `sceVideoOut` and AGC stages.
 
-Currently the project primarily targets Windows. Cross-platform support (Linux and macOS) is planned, but development is currently focused on Windows to simplify early-stage debugging and iteration.
-
-## Using
-
-* Build or Publish project or download in release tab.
-* Open Powershell.
-  * Run Emulator GUI.
-  * Or command: `.\SharpEmu "eboot.bin" 2>&1 | Tee-Object -FilePath "log.txt"`
+SharpEmu supports Windows, Linux, and macOS hosts. Video output uses Vulkan on
+Windows and Linux, and MoltenVK on macOS. Platform support is still experimental,
+so compatibility and performance vary by game, operating system, and GPU driver.
+
+## Using
+
+Download the release archive for your operating system, extract it, and launch
+SharpEmu with the path to a legally obtained game's `eboot.bin`.
+
+Windows PowerShell:
+
+```powershell
+.\SharpEmu.exe "C:\path\to\game\eboot.bin" 2>&1 |
+  Tee-Object -FilePath "SharpEmu.log"
+```
+
+Linux and macOS:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x ./SharpEmu
+
+./SharpEmu "/path/to/game/eboot.bin" 2>&1 |
+  tee SharpEmu.log
+```
+
+A Vulkan-capable GPU and current graphics driver are required. The macOS
+release includes the MoltenVK Vulkan implementation.
 
 ## Games Tested
 
@@ -94,7 +114,7 @@ Currently the project primarily targets Windows. Cross-platform support (Linux a
 
 ## Build
 
-1. Install the **.NET SDK**.
+1. Install the .NET SDK version specified in [`global.json`](./global.json).
 2. Clone the repository: `git clone https://github.com/par274/sharpemu.git`
 3. Open the solution file (`SharpEmu.slnx`) in **VSCode**.
 4. Build the project: `dotnet build` or `dotnet publish`
@@ -122,3 +142,16 @@ Provided valuable references for filesystem handling and low-level C# implementa
 # License
 
 - [**GPL-2.0 license**](https://github.com/par274/sharpemu/blob/main/LICENSE)
+
+## Contributing
+
+Before opening an issue or pull request, please read our contribution guidelines:
+
+**[CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md)**
+
+The guide covers:
+- Coding style and formatting
+- AI-assisted contributions
+- Pull request expectations
+- Testing guidelines
+- Legal and reverse engineering policy

REUSE.toml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ path = [
     "**/packages.lock.json",
     "scripts/ps5_names.txt",
     "src/SharpEmu.HLE/Aerolib/aerolib.bin",
+    "src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/**",
     "_logs/**",
     ".github/images/**",
     "assets/images/**"

SharpEmu.slnx

@@ -12,4 +12,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Logging/SharpEmu.Logging.csproj" />
   </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/tests/">
+    <Project Path="tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.csproj" />
+  </Folder>
 </Solution>

scripts/check_sysabi_aerolib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""Offline check: SysAbiExport ExportName must hash to its Nid (name2nid).
+
+NIDs absent from aerolib.bin are skipped (unknown/unresolved symbols).
+Known historic mislabels may be allowlisted with a one-line reason.
+
+Run from the repository root:
+  python scripts/check_sysabi_aerolib.py
+  python scripts/check_sysabi_aerolib.py --strict
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import re
+import struct
+import sys
+from base64 import b64encode as base64enc
+from binascii import unhexlify as uhx
+from pathlib import Path
+
+SRC_ROOT = Path("src")
+AEROLIB_BIN = Path("src/SharpEmu.HLE/Aerolib/aerolib.bin")
+SYSABI_EXPORT_RE = re.compile(r"\[SysAbiExport\((.*?)\)\]", re.DOTALL)
+NID_RE = re.compile(r'Nid\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"')
+EXPORT_NAME_RE = re.compile(r'ExportName\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"')
+
+# NID -> reason. Keep minimal; fix ExportName when safe instead of growing this list.
+ALLOWLISTED_NIDS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "KMcEa+rHsIo": "Historic kernel MapMemory stub bound to sceAvPlayerAddSource NID; API rewrite deferred.",
+    "WV1GwM32NgY": "Historic WebApi2 init alias for PushEventCreateHandle NID; ABI rewrite deferred.",
+}
+
+
+def name2nid(name: str) -> str:
+    symbol = hashlib.sha1(name.encode() + uhx("518D64A635DED8C1E6B039B1C3E55230")).digest()
+    id_val = struct.unpack("<Q", symbol[:8])[0]
+    nid = base64enc(uhx("%016x" % id_val), b"+-").rstrip(b"=")
+    return nid.decode("utf-8")
+
+
+def find_repo_root() -> Path:
+    cwd = Path.cwd()
+    if (cwd / SRC_ROOT).is_dir() and (cwd / "scripts").is_dir():
+        return cwd
+    script_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+    if (script_root / SRC_ROOT).is_dir():
+        return script_root
+    raise SystemExit("Run from the repository root (src/ and scripts/ expected).")
+
+
+def load_aerolib_nids(aerolib_path: Path) -> set[str]:
+    data = aerolib_path.read_bytes()
+    if len(data) < 4:
+        raise SystemExit(f"Aerolib binary too small: {aerolib_path}")
+
+    count = struct.unpack_from("<I", data, 0)[0]
+    offset = 4
+    nids: set[str] = set()
+    for _ in range(count):
+        if offset >= len(data):
+            raise SystemExit(f"Truncated aerolib.bin while reading NIDs: {aerolib_path}")
+        nid_len = data[offset]
+        offset += 1
+        nid = data[offset : offset + nid_len].decode("utf-8")
+        offset += nid_len
+        if offset + 2 > len(data):
+            raise SystemExit(f"Truncated aerolib.bin name length: {aerolib_path}")
+        name_len = struct.unpack_from("<H", data, offset)[0]
+        offset += 2 + name_len
+        nids.add(nid)
+    return nids
+
+
+def iter_sysabi_exports(cs_path: Path, text: str):
+    for match in SYSABI_EXPORT_RE.finditer(text):
+        block = match.group(1)
+        nid_match = NID_RE.search(block)
+        export_match = EXPORT_NAME_RE.search(block)
+        if nid_match is None or export_match is None:
+            continue
+
+        nid = nid_match.group(1)
+        export_name = export_match.group(1)
+        nid_attr = f'Nid = "{nid}"'
+        abs_pos = text.find(nid_attr, match.start(), match.end())
+        if abs_pos < 0:
+            abs_pos = match.start()
+        line = text.count("\n", 0, abs_pos) + 1
+        yield cs_path, line, nid, export_name
+
+
+def scan(src_root: Path, catalog_nids: set[str]):
+    checked = 0
+    mismatches = []
+    skipped_no_catalog = 0
+    allowlisted = 0
+
+    for cs_path in sorted(src_root.rglob("*.cs")):
+        text = cs_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        for path, line, nid, export_name in iter_sysabi_exports(cs_path, text):
+            checked += 1
+            computed = name2nid(export_name)
+            if computed == nid:
+                continue
+
+            if nid not in catalog_nids:
+                skipped_no_catalog += 1
+                continue
+
+            if nid in ALLOWLISTED_NIDS:
+                allowlisted += 1
+                continue
+
+            mismatches.append((path, line, nid, export_name, computed))
+
+    return checked, mismatches, skipped_no_catalog, allowlisted
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Check that SysAbiExport ExportName values hash to their Nid via name2nid."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--strict",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Exit 1 when any non-skipped/non-allowlisted ExportName does not hash to its Nid.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--quiet",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Print only the summary line.",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    repo_root = find_repo_root()
+    aerolib_path = repo_root / AEROLIB_BIN
+    if not aerolib_path.is_file():
+        raise SystemExit(f"Missing Aerolib catalog: {aerolib_path.as_posix()}")
+
+    catalog_nids = load_aerolib_nids(aerolib_path)
+    checked, mismatches, skipped_no_catalog, allowlisted = scan(
+        repo_root / SRC_ROOT, catalog_nids
+    )
+    ok = checked - len(mismatches) - skipped_no_catalog - allowlisted
+
+    if not args.quiet:
+        for path, line, nid, export_name, computed in mismatches:
+            rel = path.relative_to(repo_root).as_posix()
+            print(
+                f"{rel}:{line}: NID={nid} ExportName={export_name!r} "
+                f"computed={computed}"
+            )
+
+    print(
+        f"checked={checked} ok={ok} fail={len(mismatches)} "
+        f"skipped_no_catalog={skipped_no_catalog} allowlisted={allowlisted} "
+        f"allowlist_size={len(ALLOWLISTED_NIDS)}"
+    )
+
+    if args.strict and mismatches:
+        return 1
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Downloads the official (universal x86_64+arm64) MoltenVK dylib and stages
+# it next to a SharpEmu build as libvulkan.1.dylib. The macOS build runs as
+# an x86-64 process under Rosetta 2, so Homebrew's arm64-only Vulkan
+# libraries cannot be used; the presenter looks for this app-local copy.
+#
+# Usage: scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh [output-dir]
+#        (default output: artifacts/bin/Debug/net10.0/osx-x64)
+set -euo pipefail
+
+MVK_VERSION="${MVK_VERSION:-v1.4.0}"
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+OUT_DIR="${1:-$REPO_ROOT/artifacts/bin/Debug/net10.0/osx-x64}"
+
+if [[ ! -d "$OUT_DIR" ]]; then
+  echo "output directory does not exist: $OUT_DIR (build first?)" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+WORK_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+trap 'rm -rf "$WORK_DIR"' EXIT
+
+echo ">> Downloading MoltenVK $MVK_VERSION..."
+curl -sL -o "$WORK_DIR/mvk.tar" \
+  "https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/releases/download/$MVK_VERSION/MoltenVK-macos.tar"
+tar -xf "$WORK_DIR/mvk.tar" -C "$WORK_DIR" \
+  MoltenVK/MoltenVK/dynamic/dylib/macOS/libMoltenVK.dylib
+
+DYLIB="$WORK_DIR/MoltenVK/MoltenVK/dynamic/dylib/macOS/libMoltenVK.dylib"
+file "$DYLIB" | grep -q x86_64 || { echo "downloaded dylib lacks x86_64 slice" >&2; exit 3; }
+
+cp "$DYLIB" "$OUT_DIR/libMoltenVK.dylib"
+cp "$DYLIB" "$OUT_DIR/libvulkan.1.dylib"
+echo ">> Staged libMoltenVK.dylib + libvulkan.1.dylib in $OUT_DIR"

scripts/generate_aerolib_binary.py

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-import struct
 import hashlib
+import struct
 from base64 import b64encode as base64enc
 from binascii import unhexlify as uhx
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def name2nid(name):
 def generate():
     names_path = Path(NAMES)
     output_path = Path(OUTPUT)
-    
+
     entries = []
     with open(names_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
         for line in f:
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ def generate():
             if name:
                 nid = name2nid(name)
                 entries.append((nid, name))
-    
+
     print(f"Found {len(entries)} entries")
 
     data = bytearray()
     data.extend(struct.pack('<I', len(entries)))
-    
+
     for nid, name in entries:
         nid_bytes = nid.encode('utf-8')
         name_bytes = name.encode('utf-8')
@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ def generate():
         data.extend(nid_bytes)
         data.extend(struct.pack('<H', len(name_bytes)))
         data.extend(name_bytes)
-    
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     with open(output_path, 'wb') as f:
         f.write(data)
-    
+
     print(f"Generated: {output_path} ({len(data):,} bytes)")
     print(f"Total entries: {len(entries)}")
 

scripts/test-linux-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Smoke-tests the linux-x64 build inside an amd64 container. Useful from any
+# host (including Apple Silicon, where Docker runs the amd64 image under
+# emulation) to confirm the cross-platform layer keeps working on Linux.
+#
+# Usage: scripts/test-linux-docker.sh /path/to/eboot.bin
+set -euo pipefail
+
+GAME_PATH="${1:-}"
+if [[ -z "$GAME_PATH" || ! -f "$GAME_PATH" ]]; then
+  echo "usage: $0 <path-to-eboot.bin>" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+GAME_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$GAME_PATH")" && pwd)"
+GAME_FILE="$(basename "$GAME_PATH")"
+PUBLISH_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/artifacts/publish/SharpEmu.CLI/Debug/net10.0/linux-x64"
+
+echo ">> Publishing linux-x64 self-contained build..."
+dotnet publish "$REPO_ROOT/src/SharpEmu.CLI" \
+  -c Debug -r linux-x64 --self-contained -p:PublishSingleFile=false
+
+echo ">> Running inside linux/amd64 container..."
+docker run --rm --platform linux/amd64 \
+  -v "$PUBLISH_DIR":/app:ro \
+  -v "$GAME_DIR":/game:ro \
+  mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/runtime-deps:10.0 \
+  /app/SharpEmu --log-level=info "/game/$GAME_FILE"

src/SharpEmu.CLI/Program.cs

@@ -5,15 +5,19 @@ using SharpEmu.Core.Runtime;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;
 using SharpEmu.GUI;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
 using SharpEmu.Logging;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.CLI;
 
 internal static partial class Program
 {
     private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("SharpEmu.CLI");
+    private static readonly object ConsoleMirrorSync = new();
+    private static StreamWriter? _consoleMirrorFile;
     private const int DefaultImportTraceLimit = 32;
     private const string MitigatedChildFlag = "--sharpemu-mitigated-child";
     private const uint EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT = 0x00080000;
@@ -21,11 +25,15 @@ internal static partial class Program
     private const int PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_MITIGATION_POLICY = 0x00020007;
     private const uint JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE = 0x00002000;
     private const int JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation = 9;
+    private const int STARTF_USESTDHANDLES = 0x00000100;
+    private const uint HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT = 0x00000001;
+    private const string MitigatedChildEnvironment = "SHARPEMU_MITIGATED_CHILD";
     private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 40;
     private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_CET_USER_SHADOW_STACKS_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 28;
     private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 32;
     private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_XTENDED_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 40;
     private const int ATTACH_PARENT_PROCESS = -1;
+    private const int STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10;
     private const int STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11;
     private const int STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12;
     private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
@@ -43,6 +51,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
         }
         finally
         {
+            DropConsoleFileMirror();
             SharpEmuLog.Shutdown();
         }
     }
@@ -61,7 +70,126 @@ internal static partial class Program
         // itself to a console before the first write.
         EnsureCliConsole();
         UseUtf8ConsoleOutput();
+        if (isMitigatedChild && TryGetLogFileArgument(args, out var earlyLogFilePath))
+        {
+            TryEnableConsoleFileMirror(earlyLogFilePath);
+        }
 
+        if (!CheckHostArchitecture())
+        {
+            return 5;
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() || OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+            {
+                PreloadMacVulkanLoader();
+            }
+
+            // GLFW requires window creation and event processing on the
+            // process main thread: AppKit demands it on macOS, and X11 has a
+            // single event queue that must be serviced from the main thread
+            // (a window created and polled off it may never map, which showed
+            // as a running game with no visible window on Linux). Emulation
+            // moves to a worker thread and the main thread services the window
+            // work the video presenter posts. Windows keeps a per-thread event
+            // queue, so its window stays on the presenter's own thread.
+            var exitCode = 0;
+            HostMainThread.Enable();
+            var emulation = new Thread(() =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    exitCode = RunEmulator(args, isMitigatedChild);
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    HostMainThread.Shutdown();
+                }
+            }, 32 * 1024 * 1024)
+            {
+                Name = "SharpEmu Emulation",
+            };
+            emulation.Start();
+            HostMainThread.Pump();
+            emulation.Join();
+            return exitCode;
+        }
+
+        return RunEmulator(args, isMitigatedChild);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The supported host execution model, checked before any emulation
+    /// starts: the CPU backend executes guest x86-64 code natively, so the
+    /// host process must be x86-64 — win-x64/linux-x64 on x64 hardware, or
+    /// osx-x64 under Rosetta 2 on Apple Silicon (Rosetta translates the
+    /// whole process, so it still reports as X64 here). An arm64 process
+    /// (e.g. the osx-arm64 build) can browse the GUI but cannot run games;
+    /// failing up front distinguishes that from MoltenVK, signal-handler,
+    /// or guest-memory startup problems.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool CheckHostArchitecture()
+    {
+        if (RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture == Architecture.X64)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][ERROR] Unsupported process architecture " +
+            $"{RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture}: guest code executes " +
+            "natively, so SharpEmu must run as an x86-64 process.");
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                "[LOADER][ERROR] On Apple Silicon, use the osx-x64 build under " +
+                "Rosetta 2 (install with: softwareupdate --install-rosetta).");
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Makes a Vulkan loader visible to GLFW's dlopen("libvulkan.1.dylib").
+    /// Homebrew's Vulkan libraries are arm64-only and cannot load into this
+    /// x86-64 (Rosetta 2) process, so a universal libMoltenVK.dylib placed
+    /// next to the executable (named libvulkan.1.dylib) is preloaded here;
+    /// dyld then resolves GLFW's bare-name dlopen to the loaded image.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void PreloadMacVulkanLoader()
+    {
+        var candidates = new[]
+        {
+            Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "libvulkan.1.dylib"),
+            Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "libMoltenVK.dylib"),
+            Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.UserProfile),
+                ".sharpemu", "x64lib", "libvulkan.1.dylib"),
+        };
+        foreach (var candidate in candidates)
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(candidate) && NativeLibrary.TryLoad(candidate, out _))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] Vulkan loader preloaded: {candidate}");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (NativeLibrary.TryLoad("libvulkan.1.dylib", out _))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            "[LOADER][WARN] No x86-64 Vulkan loader found; video output will be unavailable. " +
+            "Place a universal libMoltenVK.dylib (from the MoltenVK releases) next to SharpEmu " +
+            "as libvulkan.1.dylib.");
+    }
+
+    private static int RunEmulator(string[] args, bool isMitigatedChild)
+    {
         Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] SharpEmu starting with {args.Length} args");
 
         if (!isMitigatedChild && TryRunMitigatedChild(args, out var childExitCode))
@@ -69,15 +197,21 @@ internal static partial class Program
             return childExitCode;
         }
 
-        if (!TryParseArguments(args, out var ebootPath, out var runtimeOptions, out var logLevel))
+        if (!TryParseArguments(args, out var ebootPath, out var runtimeOptions, out var logLevel, out var logFilePath))
         {
             PrintUsage();
             return 1;
         }
 
+        if (!isMitigatedChild && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(logFilePath))
+        {
+            TryEnableConsoleFileMirror(logFilePath);
+        }
+
         SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel = logLevel;
 
         Log.Info(BuildInfo.Banner);
+        Log.Info(HostSystemInfo.Summary);
 
         ebootPath = Path.GetFullPath(ebootPath);
         Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] Full path: {ebootPath}");
@@ -93,8 +227,16 @@ internal static partial class Program
         using var runtime = SharpEmuRuntime.CreateDefault(runtimeOptions);
 
         OrbisGen2Result result;
+        ConsoleCancelEventHandler? cancelHandler = null;
         try
         {
+            cancelHandler = (_, eventArgs) =>
+            {
+                eventArgs.Cancel = true;
+                VideoOutExports.NotifyHostInterrupt();
+            };
+            Console.CancelKeyPress += cancelHandler;
+
             Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] Running: {ebootPath}");
             result = runtime.Run(ebootPath);
             Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] Result: {result}");
@@ -105,6 +247,13 @@ internal static partial class Program
             Log.Error("SharpEmu failed to run.", ex);
             return 3;
         }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (cancelHandler is not null)
+            {
+                Console.CancelKeyPress -= cancelHandler;
+            }
+        }
 
         Log.Info($"SharpEmu execution completed. Result={result} (0x{(int)result:X8})");
         if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(runtime.LastSessionSummary))
@@ -234,6 +383,10 @@ internal static partial class Program
     private static string[] NormalizeInternalArguments(string[] args, out bool isMitigatedChild)
     {
         isMitigatedChild = false;
+        var trustedMitigatedChild = string.Equals(
+            Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(MitigatedChildEnvironment),
+            "1",
+            StringComparison.Ordinal);
         if (args.Length == 0)
         {
             return args;
@@ -244,7 +397,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
         {
             if (string.Equals(arg, MitigatedChildFlag, StringComparison.Ordinal))
             {
-                isMitigatedChild = true;
+                isMitigatedChild = trustedMitigatedChild;
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -283,9 +436,11 @@ internal static partial class Program
         var commandLine = BuildCommandLine(processPath, childArgs);
         var startupInfoEx = new STARTUPINFOEX();
         startupInfoEx.StartupInfo.cb = Marshal.SizeOf<STARTUPINFOEX>();
+        ConfigureInheritedStdHandles(ref startupInfoEx.StartupInfo);
 
         nint attributeList = 0;
         nint mitigationPolicies = 0;
+        var previousChildEnvironment = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(MitigatedChildEnvironment);
         try
         {
             nuint attributeListSize = 0;
@@ -293,7 +448,9 @@ internal static partial class Program
             attributeList = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((nint)attributeListSize);
             if (!InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(attributeList, 1, 0, ref attributeListSize))
             {
-                return false;
+                childExitCode = 5;
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[ERROR] Failed to initialize mitigation attributes: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
+                return true;
             }
 
             startupInfoEx.lpAttributeList = attributeList;
@@ -301,8 +458,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
             var policy1 = PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF;
             var policy2 =
                 PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_CET_USER_SHADOW_STACKS_ALWAYS_OFF |
-                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF |
-                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_XTENDED_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF;
+                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF;
 
             mitigationPolicies = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sizeof(ulong) * 2);
             Marshal.WriteInt64(mitigationPolicies, unchecked((long)policy1));
@@ -317,24 +473,31 @@ internal static partial class Program
                 0,
                 0))
             {
-                return false;
+                childExitCode = 5;
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[ERROR] Failed to apply mitigation attributes: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
+                return true;
             }
 
             var cmdLineBuilder = new StringBuilder(commandLine);
             nint jobHandle = 0;
-            if (!CreateProcessW(
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(MitigatedChildEnvironment, "1");
+            var created = CreateProcessW(
                 processPath,
                 cmdLineBuilder,
                 0,
                 0,
-                false,
+                true,
                 EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT,
                 0,
                 Environment.CurrentDirectory,
                 ref startupInfoEx,
-                out var processInfo))
+                out var processInfo);
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(MitigatedChildEnvironment, previousChildEnvironment);
+            if (!created)
             {
-                return false;
+                childExitCode = 5;
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[ERROR] Failed to launch mitigated child process: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
+                return true;
             }
 
             try
@@ -388,6 +551,8 @@ internal static partial class Program
         }
         finally
         {
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(MitigatedChildEnvironment, previousChildEnvironment);
+
             if (attributeList != 0)
             {
                 DeleteProcThreadAttributeList(attributeList);
@@ -401,6 +566,238 @@ internal static partial class Program
         }
     }
 
+    private static bool TryGetLogFileArgument(IReadOnlyList<string> args, out string path)
+    {
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var argument = args[i];
+            if (string.Equals(argument, "--log-file", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                if (i + 1 < args.Count &&
+                    !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[i + 1]) &&
+                    !args[i + 1].StartsWith("--", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                    ShouldConsumeLogFilePath(args, i + 1))
+                {
+                    path = args[i + 1];
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                path = BuildDefaultLogFilePath(TryFindEbootPathToken(args));
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            const string logFilePrefix = "--log-file=";
+            if (argument.StartsWith(logFilePrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+                !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(argument[logFilePrefix.Length..]))
+            {
+                path = argument[logFilePrefix.Length..];
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        path = string.Empty;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildDefaultLogFilePath(string? ebootPath)
+    {
+        var baseDirectory = AppContext.BaseDirectory;
+        var logsDirectory = Path.Combine(baseDirectory, "user", "logs");
+        var name = TryReadTitleId(ebootPath) ?? "UNKNOWN";
+
+        foreach (var invalid in Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars())
+        {
+            name = name.Replace(invalid, '_');
+        }
+
+        return Path.Combine(logsDirectory, $"{name}-{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd-HHmmss}.log");
+    }
+
+    private static string? TryReadTitleId(string? ebootPath)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ebootPath))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(Path.GetFullPath(ebootPath));
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(directory))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            foreach (var paramPath in new[]
+            {
+                Path.Combine(directory, "sce_sys", "param.json"),
+                Path.Combine(directory, "param.json"),
+            })
+            {
+                if (!File.Exists(paramPath))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                using var stream = File.OpenRead(paramPath);
+                using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(stream);
+                if (document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("titleId", out var titleIdElement) &&
+                    titleIdElement.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)
+                {
+                    var titleId = titleIdElement.GetString();
+                    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleId))
+                    {
+                        return titleId.Trim();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Logging should never block launch; unknown title ids use a stable fallback.
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static string? TryFindEbootPathToken(IReadOnlyList<string> args)
+    {
+        for (var i = args.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+        {
+            var argument = args[i];
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(argument) ||
+                argument.StartsWith("--", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            return argument;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static bool ShouldConsumeLogFilePath(IReadOnlyList<string> args, int candidateIndex)
+    {
+        var candidate = args[candidateIndex];
+        if (LooksLikeLogFilePath(candidate))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        for (var i = candidateIndex + 1; i < args.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var argument = args[i];
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(argument) &&
+                !argument.StartsWith("--", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static bool LooksLikeLogFilePath(string path)
+    {
+        var extension = Path.GetExtension(path);
+        return string.Equals(extension, ".log", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            string.Equals(extension, ".txt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static void TryEnableConsoleFileMirror(string path)
+    {
+        lock (ConsoleMirrorSync)
+        {
+            if (_consoleMirrorFile is not null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(path);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(directory))
+                {
+                    Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+                }
+
+                var stream = new FileStream(
+                    path,
+                    FileMode.Create,
+                    FileAccess.Write,
+                    FileShare.ReadWrite,
+                    bufferSize: 4096,
+                    FileOptions.SequentialScan);
+                _consoleMirrorFile = new StreamWriter(stream, new UTF8Encoding(encoderShouldEmitUTF8Identifier: false))
+                {
+                    AutoFlush = true,
+                };
+
+                Console.SetOut(new TeeTextWriter(Console.Out, _consoleMirrorFile));
+                Console.SetError(new TeeTextWriter(Console.Error, _consoleMirrorFile));
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] Log file: {Path.GetFullPath(path)}");
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[WARN] Could not open log file '{path}': {ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void DropConsoleFileMirror()
+    {
+        lock (ConsoleMirrorSync)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _consoleMirrorFile?.Flush();
+                _consoleMirrorFile?.Dispose();
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+            }
+
+            _consoleMirrorFile = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ConfigureInheritedStdHandles(ref STARTUPINFO startupInfo)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var input = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+        var output = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+        var error = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
+        if (!IsHandleValid(output) && !IsHandleValid(error))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (IsHandleValid(input))
+        {
+            _ = SetHandleInformation(input, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT);
+            startupInfo.hStdInput = input;
+        }
+
+        if (IsHandleValid(output))
+        {
+            _ = SetHandleInformation(output, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT);
+            startupInfo.hStdOutput = output;
+        }
+
+        if (IsHandleValid(error))
+        {
+            _ = SetHandleInformation(error, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT);
+            startupInfo.hStdError = error;
+        }
+
+        startupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+    }
+
     private static string BuildCommandLine(string processPath, IReadOnlyList<string> args)
     {
         var builder = new StringBuilder();
@@ -503,27 +900,30 @@ internal static partial class Program
 
     private static void PrintUsage()
     {
-        Log.Info("Usage: SharpEmu.CLI [--strict] [--trace-imports[=N]] [--cpu-engine=<native>] [--log-level=<level>] <path-to-eboot.bin>");
-        Log.Info(@"Example: SharpEmu.CLI --cpu-engine=native --trace-imports=64 --log-level=debug ""E:\Games\...\eboot.bin""");
+        Log.Info("Usage: SharpEmu.CLI [--strict] [--trace-imports[=N]] [--cpu-engine=<native>] [--log-level=<level>] [--log-file[=<path>]] <path-to-eboot.bin>");
+        Log.Info(@"Example: SharpEmu.CLI --cpu-engine=native --trace-imports=64 --log-level=debug --log-file ""E:\Games\...\eboot.bin""");
     }
 
     private static bool TryParseArguments(
         string[] args,
         out string ebootPath,
         out SharpEmuRuntimeOptions runtimeOptions,
-        out LogLevel logLevel)
+        out LogLevel logLevel,
+        out string? logFilePath)
     {
         if (args.Length == 0)
         {
             ebootPath = string.Empty;
             runtimeOptions = default;
             logLevel = SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel;
+            logFilePath = null;
             return false;
         }
 
         var strictDynlibResolution = false;
         var importTraceLimit = 0;
         var cpuEngine = CpuExecutionEngine.NativeOnly;
+        logFilePath = null;
         logLevel = SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel;
         var pathTokens = new List<string>(args.Length);
         for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
@@ -553,6 +953,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
                 {
                     ebootPath = string.Empty;
                     runtimeOptions = default;
+                    logFilePath = null;
                     return false;
                 }
 
@@ -566,6 +967,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
                 {
                     ebootPath = string.Empty;
                     runtimeOptions = default;
+                    logFilePath = null;
                     return false;
                 }
 
@@ -573,6 +975,23 @@ internal static partial class Program
                 continue;
             }
 
+            if (string.Equals(argument, "--log-file", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                if (i + 1 < args.Length &&
+                    !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[i + 1]) &&
+                    !args[i + 1].StartsWith("--", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                    ShouldConsumeLogFilePath(args, i + 1))
+                {
+                    logFilePath = args[++i];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    logFilePath = BuildDefaultLogFilePath(TryFindEbootPathToken(args));
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
             const string logLevelPrefix = "--log-level=";
             if (argument.StartsWith(logLevelPrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
@@ -596,6 +1015,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
                     ebootPath = string.Empty;
                     runtimeOptions = default;
                     logLevel = SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel;
+                    logFilePath = null;
                     return false;
                 }
 
@@ -618,11 +1038,27 @@ internal static partial class Program
                 continue;
             }
 
+            const string logFilePrefix = "--log-file=";
+            if (argument.StartsWith(logFilePrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                logFilePath = argument[logFilePrefix.Length..];
+                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(logFilePath))
+                {
+                    ebootPath = string.Empty;
+                    runtimeOptions = default;
+                    logLevel = SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel;
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
             if (argument.StartsWith("--", StringComparison.Ordinal))
             {
                 ebootPath = string.Empty;
                 runtimeOptions = default;
                 logLevel = SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel;
+                logFilePath = null;
                 return false;
             }
 
@@ -634,6 +1070,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
             ebootPath = string.Empty;
             runtimeOptions = default;
             logLevel = SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel;
+            logFilePath = null;
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -735,6 +1172,56 @@ internal static partial class Program
         public nuint PeakJobMemoryUsed;
     }
 
+    private sealed class TeeTextWriter : TextWriter
+    {
+        private readonly TextWriter _primary;
+        private readonly TextWriter _mirror;
+
+        public TeeTextWriter(TextWriter primary, TextWriter mirror)
+        {
+            _primary = primary;
+            _mirror = mirror;
+        }
+
+        public override Encoding Encoding => _primary.Encoding;
+
+        public override void Write(char value)
+        {
+            lock (ConsoleMirrorSync)
+            {
+                _primary.Write(value);
+                _mirror.Write(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(string? value)
+        {
+            lock (ConsoleMirrorSync)
+            {
+                _primary.Write(value);
+                _mirror.Write(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void WriteLine(string? value)
+        {
+            lock (ConsoleMirrorSync)
+            {
+                _primary.WriteLine(value);
+                _mirror.WriteLine(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Flush()
+        {
+            lock (ConsoleMirrorSync)
+            {
+                _primary.Flush();
+                _mirror.Flush();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
     [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
     private static extern bool InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(
@@ -819,6 +1306,10 @@ internal static partial class Program
     [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
     private static extern bool SetStdHandle(int stdHandle, nint handle);
 
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static extern bool SetHandleInformation(nint handle, uint mask, uint flags);
+
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateFileW", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
     private static extern nint CreateFileW(
         string fileName,

src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
          console window; CLI mode re-attaches to the parent terminal's console. -->
     <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
     <AssemblyName>SharpEmu</AssemblyName>
-    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;linux-x64;osx-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <!-- osx-x64 is the macOS target: the CPU backend executes guest x86-64
+         natively, so on Apple Silicon it runs under Rosetta 2. -->
+    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;linux-x64;osx-x64;osx-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
     <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <PublishSingleFile>true</PublishSingleFile>
     <IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>true</IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>
@@ -24,6 +26,19 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <Version>0.0.1</Version>
+    <ServerGarbageCollection>true</ServerGarbageCollection>
+    <ConcurrentGarbageCollection>true</ConcurrentGarbageCollection>
+    <TieredPGO>true</TieredPGO>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- Background GC's write-watch revisit calls FlushProcessWriteBuffers,
+       which on macOS uses thread_get_register_pointer_values; under Rosetta 2
+       that Mach call can stall indefinitely on threads executing translated
+       guest code, wedging the whole runtime (every allocating thread then
+       blocks behind the never-finishing GC). Non-concurrent GC never takes
+       that path. Windows and Linux keep concurrent GC. -->
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('$(RuntimeIdentifier)').StartsWith('osx'))">
+    <ConcurrentGarbageCollection>false</ConcurrentGarbageCollection>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'">
@@ -48,6 +63,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
       <TargetPath>LICENSE.txt</TargetPath>
       <Visible>False</Visible>
     </Content>
+    <Content Include="..\SharpEmu.GUI\Languages\*.json" Condition="'$(Configuration)' != 'Release'">
+      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+      <TargetPath>Languages\%(Filename)%(Extension)</TargetPath>
+      <Visible>False</Visible>
+    </Content>
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <!-- Keep glfw as a loose file next to the executable; every other native
@@ -55,7 +75,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   <Target Name="KeepGlfwOutsideSingleFile" AfterTargets="ComputeResolvedFilesToPublishList">
     <ItemGroup>
       <_GlfwPublishFiles Include="@(ResolvedFileToPublish)"
-                         Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('%(ResolvedFileToPublish.Filename)').StartsWith('glfw'))" />
+                         Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('%(ResolvedFileToPublish.Filename)').StartsWith('glfw')) Or $([System.String]::Copy('%(ResolvedFileToPublish.Filename)').StartsWith('libglfw'))" />
       <ResolvedFileToPublish Remove="@(_GlfwPublishFiles)" />
       <ResolvedFileToPublish Include="@(_GlfwPublishFiles)">
         <ExcludeFromSingleFile>true</ExcludeFromSingleFile>

src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json

@@ -135,6 +135,23 @@
           "Ultz.Native.GLFW": "3.4.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Input.Common": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "QbJVV7kFBHEByayXCYdJtXXI9Sp4a+QAf0IdGV6uCWkFYcEmqBYW3aaNGvFOdSwTBDbHL5T/OtOCrGh4qYhk7A==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Input.Glfw": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "KGHYqsv/IQRJtD6dloYh2tN4CkaM40vxM2kj0cGKBoCQiBDYHHhJiyDTyMPx0W7Fz5IgnhnG42ELmIAa0DH69A==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Input.Common": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Maths": {
         "type": "Transitive",
         "resolved": "2.23.0",
@@ -216,12 +233,16 @@
         }
       },
       "sharpemu.hle": {
-        "type": "Project"
+        "type": "Project",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "SharpEmu.Logging": "[1.0.0, )"
+        }
       },
       "sharpemu.libs": {
         "type": "Project",
         "dependencies": {
           "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Input": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
@@ -279,6 +300,16 @@
         "resolved": "1.21.0",
         "contentHash": "dv5+81Q1TBQvVMSOOOmRcjJmvWcX3BZPZsIq31+RLc5cNft0IHAyNlkdb7ZarOWG913PyBoFDsDXoCIlKmLclg=="
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Input": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "Xzl+tVwAp2eEd8blmGQjmJrsZPnp3PWG0KJjiAQHaY2Zr/ELVWeAROKXmZdCAvexzmte2JVGEy/dxnMycbxlpg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Input.Common": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Input.Glfw": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan": {
         "type": "CentralTransitive",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
@@ -431,6 +462,59 @@
         "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
       }
     },
+    "net10.0/osx-x64": {
+      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
+        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Native": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
+        }
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "3EZ1mpIiKWRLL5hUYA82ZHteeDIVaEA/Z0rA/wU6tjx6crcAkJnBPwDXZugBSfo8+J3EznvRJf49uMsqYfKrHg=="
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "jbtCsgftcaFLCA13tVKo5iWdElJScrulLTKJre36O4YQTIlwDtPPqhRZNk+Y0vv4D1gxbscasGRucUDfS44ofQ=="
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "UsJtQsfAJoFDZrXc4hCUfRPMqccfKZ0iumJ/upcUjz/cmsTgVFGNEL5yaJWmkqsuFYdMWbj/En5/kS4PFl9hBA=="
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
+        }
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
+      },
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      }
+    },
     "net10.0/win-x64": {
       "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
         "type": "Transitive",

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/CpuDispatcher.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 using SharpEmu.Logging;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;
@@ -21,15 +22,22 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
         ModuleInitializer,
     }
 
-    private const ulong StackBaseAddress = 0x7FFF_F000_0000UL;
+    // The top of the x86-64 user address space (0x7FFD..0x7FFF) is only
+    // freely mappable on Windows; on macOS/Linux it hosts the dyld shared
+    // cache / vdso and (under Rosetta 2) the translator runtime, so POSIX
+    // hosts use the equivalent layout one slot lower at 0x6FFx.
+    private static readonly ulong StackBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFF_F000_0000UL : 0x6FFF_F000_0000UL;
     private const ulong StackSize = 0x0020_0000UL;
-    private const ulong TlsBaseAddress = 0x7FFE_0000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong TlsBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFE_0000_0000UL : 0x6FFE_0000_0000UL;
     private const ulong TlsSize = 0x0001_0000UL;
-    private const ulong TlsPrefixSize = 0x0000_1000UL;
-    private const ulong BootstrapStubBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_F000_0000UL;
-    private const ulong BootstrapPayloadBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_E000_0000UL;
-    private const ulong DynlibFallbackStubBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_D000_0000UL;
-    private const ulong ReturnToHostStubBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_C000_0000UL;
+    // The static TLS blocks live at negative offsets from the TCB (FreeBSD
+    // amd64 variant II); libc.prx alone reaches beyond -0x1700, so give the
+    // prefix a full 64KB on POSIX. Windows keeps its historical 4KB prefix.
+    private static readonly ulong TlsPrefixSize = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x0000_1000UL : 0x0001_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong BootstrapStubBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_F000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_F000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong BootstrapPayloadBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_E000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_E000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong DynlibFallbackStubBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_D000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_D000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong ReturnToHostStubBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_C000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_C000_0000UL;
     private const ulong BootstrapRegionSize = 0x0000_1000UL;
     private const ulong ReturnToHostStubStride = 0x0100_0000UL;
     private const ulong BootstrapPayloadResultOffset = 0x28UL;
@@ -41,16 +49,19 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
     ];
     private readonly IVirtualMemory _virtualMemory;
     private readonly IModuleManager _moduleManager;
+    private readonly IHostPlatform? _hostPlatform;
     private INativeCpuBackend? _nativeCpuBackend;
 
     public CpuDispatcher(
         IVirtualMemory virtualMemory,
         IModuleManager moduleManager,
-        INativeCpuBackend? nativeCpuBackend = null)
+        INativeCpuBackend? nativeCpuBackend = null,
+        IHostPlatform? hostPlatform = null)
     {
         _virtualMemory = virtualMemory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(virtualMemory));
         _moduleManager = moduleManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(moduleManager));
         _nativeCpuBackend = nativeCpuBackend;
+        _hostPlatform = hostPlatform;
     }
 
     public ulong? LastEntryPoint { get; private set; }
@@ -266,7 +277,7 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
             entryFrameDiagnostic,
             Environment.NewLine,
             "CpuEngine: native-only");
-        _nativeCpuBackend ??= new DirectExecutionBackend(_moduleManager);
+        _nativeCpuBackend ??= new DirectExecutionBackend(_moduleManager, _hostPlatform);
         if (_nativeCpuBackend.TryExecute(
                 context,
                 entryPoint,

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Diagnostics.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 using SharpEmu.Logging;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
@@ -38,6 +39,71 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		}
 	}
 
+	private void RecordDeferredBootstrapTrace(
+		long dispatchIndex,
+		ulong op,
+		ulong symbolPointer,
+		ulong outputPointer,
+		ulong returnRip)
+	{
+		lock (_deferredBootstrapTraceGate)
+		{
+			_deferredBootstrapTrace[_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex] = new DeferredBootstrapTraceEntry(
+				dispatchIndex,
+				op,
+				symbolPointer,
+				outputPointer,
+				returnRip);
+			_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex =
+				(_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex + 1) % _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length;
+			if (_deferredBootstrapTraceCount < _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length)
+			{
+				_deferredBootstrapTraceCount++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void DrainDeferredBootstrapTraces()
+	{
+		if (!_logBootstrap)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		DeferredBootstrapTraceEntry[] pending;
+		lock (_deferredBootstrapTraceGate)
+		{
+			if (_deferredBootstrapTraceCount == 0)
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			pending = new DeferredBootstrapTraceEntry[_deferredBootstrapTraceCount];
+			var readIndex = (_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex - _deferredBootstrapTraceCount +
+				_deferredBootstrapTrace.Length) % _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length;
+			for (var i = 0; i < _deferredBootstrapTraceCount; i++)
+			{
+				pending[i] = _deferredBootstrapTrace[(readIndex + i) % _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length];
+			}
+
+			_deferredBootstrapTraceCount = 0;
+		}
+
+		foreach (var entry in pending)
+		{
+			var symbolText = "<unreadable>";
+			if (TryReadAsciiZ(entry.SymbolPointer, 256, out var sym))
+			{
+				symbolText = sym;
+			}
+
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][TRACE] bootstrap_call#{entry.DispatchIndex}: op=0x{entry.Op:X16} " +
+				$"sym_ptr=0x{entry.SymbolPointer:X16} sym='{symbolText}' " +
+				$"out_ptr=0x{entry.OutputPointer:X16} ret=0x{entry.ReturnRip:X16}");
+		}
+	}
+
 	private void DumpRecentImportTrace()
 	{
 		if (_recentImportTraceCount == 0)
@@ -69,8 +135,9 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		int num2 = 0;
 		List<ulong> list = new List<ulong>(16);
 		ulong num3 = scanStart;
-		MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64 lpBuffer;
-		while (num3 < scanEnd && VirtualQuery((void*)num3, out lpBuffer, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) != 0)
+		var hostMemory = ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory();
+		HostRegionInfo lpBuffer;
+		while (num3 < scanEnd && hostMemory.Query(num3, out lpBuffer))
 		{
 			ulong baseAddress = lpBuffer.BaseAddress;
 			ulong num4 = baseAddress + lpBuffer.RegionSize;
@@ -80,7 +147,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			}
 			ulong value = Math.Max(num3, baseAddress);
 			ulong num5 = Math.Min(num4, scanEnd);
-			if (lpBuffer.State == 4096 && IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect) && !IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect))
+			if (lpBuffer.State == HostRegionState.Committed && IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection) && !IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection))
 			{
 				ulong num6 = AlignUp(value, 8uL);
 				for (ulong num7 = num6; num7 + 8 <= num5; num7 += 8)
@@ -170,14 +237,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			ulong callRip = returnRip + (ulong)i;
 			ulong target = unchecked((ulong)((long)(callRip + 5) + rel32));
 			Log.Debug($"Import#{dispatchIndex} near-call @{callRip:X16}: target=0x{target:X16}");
-			for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < _importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
+			var importEntries = _importEntries;
+			for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
 			{
-				if (_importEntries[importIndex].Address != target)
+				if (importEntries[importIndex].Address != target)
 				{
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				string nid = _importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
+				string nid = importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
 				if (_moduleManager.TryGetExport(nid, out var export))
 				{
 					Log.Debug(
@@ -204,14 +272,14 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					{
 						Log.Debug(
 							$"Import#{dispatchIndex} near-call PLT slot: [0x{slot:X16}] = 0x{slotTarget:X16}");
-						for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < _importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
+						for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
 						{
-							if (_importEntries[importIndex].Address != slotTarget)
+							if (importEntries[importIndex].Address != slotTarget)
 							{
 								continue;
 							}
 
-							string nid = _importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
+							string nid = importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
 							if (_moduleManager.TryGetExport(nid, out var export))
 							{
 								Log.Debug(
@@ -284,7 +352,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var lpBuffer, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
+		if (!ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory().Query(address, out var lpBuffer))
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -293,7 +361,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		if (lpBuffer.State != 4096 || !IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect))
+		if (lpBuffer.State != HostRegionState.Committed || !IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection))
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -325,12 +393,12 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var lpBuffer, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
+		if (!ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory().Query(address, out var lpBuffer))
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		var executable = lpBuffer.State == 4096 && IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect);
+		var executable = lpBuffer.State == HostRegionState.Committed && IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection);
 		if (executable)
 		{
 			_knownExecutablePages.TryAdd(pageAddress, 0);
@@ -349,6 +417,14 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		return (value + num) & ~num;
 	}
 
+	// Diagnostics helpers are static (reachable from static handler paths), so
+	// they use the platform injected into the backend active on this thread and
+	// fall back to the process-wide singleton only when no run is bound.
+	private static IHostMemory ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory()
+	{
+		return _activeExecutionBackend?._hostMemory ?? HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+	}
+
 	private static bool IsReadableProtection(uint protect)
 	{
 		if ((protect & 0x100) != 0 || (protect & 1) != 0)

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Exceptions.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Disasm;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
 
@@ -20,14 +22,20 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 
 	private unsafe void SetupExceptionHandler()
 	{
+		if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+		{
+			SetupPosixExceptionHandler();
+			return;
+		}
+
 		if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_RAW_HANDLER"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
 		{
-			_rawExceptionHandlerStub = CreateExceptionHandlerTrampoline(RawVectoredHandlerPtrManaged);
+			_rawExceptionHandlerStub = _faultHandling.CreateHandlerThunk(RawVectoredHandlerPtrManaged, _hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _tlsGetValueAddress);
 			if (_rawExceptionHandlerStub == 0)
 			{
 				throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create raw exception handler trampoline");
 			}
-			_rawExceptionHandler = (nint)AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1u, _rawExceptionHandlerStub);
+			_rawExceptionHandler = _faultHandling.AddFirstChanceHandler(_rawExceptionHandlerStub);
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] Raw exception handler installed: 0x{_rawExceptionHandler:X16}");
 		}
 		else
@@ -37,22 +45,22 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 
 		_handlerDelegate = VectoredHandler;
 		_handlerHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(_handlerDelegate);
-		_exceptionHandlerStub = CreateExceptionHandlerTrampoline(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_handlerDelegate));
+		_exceptionHandlerStub = _faultHandling.CreateHandlerThunk(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_handlerDelegate), _hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _tlsGetValueAddress);
 		if (_exceptionHandlerStub == 0)
 		{
 			throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create exception handler trampoline");
 		}
-		_exceptionHandler = (nint)AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1u, _exceptionHandlerStub);
+		_exceptionHandler = _faultHandling.AddFirstChanceHandler(_exceptionHandlerStub);
 		Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] Exception handler installed: 0x{_exceptionHandler:X16}");
 
 		_unhandledFilterDelegate = UnhandledExceptionFilter;
 		_unhandledFilterHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(_unhandledFilterDelegate);
-		_unhandledFilterStub = CreateExceptionHandlerTrampoline(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_unhandledFilterDelegate));
+		_unhandledFilterStub = _faultHandling.CreateHandlerThunk(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_unhandledFilterDelegate), _hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _tlsGetValueAddress);
 		if (_unhandledFilterStub == 0)
 		{
 			throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create unhandled exception filter trampoline");
 		}
-		SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(_unhandledFilterStub);
+		_faultHandling.SetUnhandledFilter(_unhandledFilterStub);
 	}
 
 	private unsafe int UnhandledExceptionFilter(void* exceptionInfo)
@@ -60,8 +68,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		try
 		{
 			EXCEPTION_RECORD* exceptionRecord = ((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ExceptionRecord;
-			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, 248);
-			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, 152);
+			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, CTX_RIP);
+			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, CTX_RSP);
 			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][FATAL] Unhandled exception filter fired.");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FATAL]   Code: 0x{exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode:X8}");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FATAL]   Exception Address: 0x{(ulong)(nint)exceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress:X16}");
@@ -100,10 +108,19 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				return 0;
 			}
 
-			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 248);
-			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 152);
+			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP);
+			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP);
 
-			if (exceptionCode == 3221225477u && TryHandleLazyCommittedPage(exceptionRecord, rip, rsp))
+			// Thread-mode probe: a hardware exception raised while this thread is inside
+			// the managed import gateway means the VEH->managed reentry happened from
+			// cooperative GC mode — a ReversePInvokeBadTransition candidate.
+			if (LogThreadMode && _threadModeGatewayDepth > 0)
+			{
+				TraceThreadMode(
+					$"veh_in_gateway code=0x{exceptionCode:X8} rip=0x{rip:X16} gateway_depth={_threadModeGatewayDepth}");
+			}
+
+			if (exceptionCode == WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation && TryHandleLazyCommittedPage(exceptionRecord, rip, rsp))
 			{
 				return -1;
 			}
@@ -118,10 +135,10 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 
 			switch (exceptionCode)
 			{
-				case 3221225477u:
+				case WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation:
 					LogAccessViolationTrace(exceptionAddress, exceptionRecord);
 					break;
-				case 3221226505u:
+				case WindowsFaultCodes.FastFail:
 					{
 						ulong p0 = exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 1 ? (*exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation) : 0;
 						ulong p1 = exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 2 ? exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1] : 0;
@@ -131,21 +148,21 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					}
 			}
 
-			ulong rax = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 120);
-			ulong rbx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 144);
-			ulong rcx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 128);
-			ulong rdx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 136);
-			ulong rsi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 168);
-			ulong rdi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 176);
-			ulong rbp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 160);
-			ulong r8 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 184);
-			ulong r9 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 192);
-			ulong r10 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 200);
-			ulong r11 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 208);
-			ulong r12 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 216);
-			ulong r13 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 224);
-			ulong r14 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 232);
-			ulong r15 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 240);
+			ulong rax = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RAX);
+			ulong rbx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RBX);
+			ulong rcx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RCX);
+			ulong rdx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RDX);
+			ulong rsi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSI);
+			ulong rdi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RDI);
+			ulong rbp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RBP);
+			ulong r8 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R8);
+			ulong r9 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R9);
+			ulong r10 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R10);
+			ulong r11 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R11);
+			ulong r12 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R12);
+			ulong r13 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R13);
+			ulong r14 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R14);
+			ulong r15 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R15);
 
 			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] =========================================");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] NATIVE EXCEPTION CAUGHT!");
@@ -176,7 +193,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 
 			ulong accessType = 0;
 			ulong target = 0;
-			if (exceptionCode == 3221225477u && exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 2)
+			if (exceptionCode == WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation && exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 2)
 			{
 				accessType = *exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation;
 				target = exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];
@@ -189,26 +206,23 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				};
 				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   AV access: " + accessText);
 				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   AV target: 0x{target:X16}");
-				if (VirtualQuery((void*)target, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) != 0)
+				if (_hostMemory.Query(target, out var mbi))
 				{
-					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   AV target region: base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} state=0x{mbi.State:X08} protect=0x{mbi.Protect:X08}");
+					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   AV target region: base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} state=0x{mbi.RawState:X08} protect=0x{mbi.RawProtection:X08}");
 				}
 
 			}
 
-			try
+			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Stack qwords (RSP..):");
+			for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
 			{
-				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Stack qwords (RSP..):");
-				for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+				ulong stackAddr = rsp + (ulong)(i * 8);
+				if (!TryReadHostQword(stackAddr, out ulong value))
 				{
-					ulong stackAddr = rsp + (ulong)(i * 8);
-					ulong value = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)stackAddr);
-					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]     [rsp+0x{i * 8:X2}] @0x{stackAddr:X16} = 0x{value:X16}");
+					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Could not read stack qwords.");
+					break;
 				}
-			}
-			catch
-			{
-				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Could not read stack qwords.");
+				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]     [rsp+0x{i * 8:X2}] @0x{stackAddr:X16} = 0x{value:X16}");
 			}
 
 			try
@@ -221,8 +235,11 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					{
 						break;
 					}
-					ulong next = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)frame);
-					ulong ret = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)(frame + 8));
+					if (!TryReadHostQword(frame, out ulong next) || !TryReadHostQword(frame + 8, out ulong ret))
+					{
+						Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Could not walk RBP frame chain.");
+						break;
+					}
 					string extra = TryFormatNearestRuntimeSymbol(ret, out string retSym) ? $" [{retSym}]" : string.Empty;
 					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]     frame#{i}: rbp=0x{frame:X16} ret=0x{ret:X16}{extra} next=0x{next:X16}");
 					if (next <= frame)
@@ -239,16 +256,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 
 			switch (exceptionCode)
 			{
-				case 3221225477u:
+				case WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation:
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]   Type: Access Violation");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]   This usually means:");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]     - Guest code called an unmapped import");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]     - Guest code accessed unmapped memory");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]     - Need to implement HLE for this NID");
-					try
+					byte[] code = new byte[16];
+					if (TryReadHostBytes(rip, code))
 					{
-						byte[] code = new byte[16];
-						Marshal.Copy((nint)rip, code, 0, code.Length);
 						Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Code at RIP: " + BitConverter.ToString(code).Replace("-", " "));
 						if (code[0] == 100)
 						{
@@ -264,20 +280,18 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 							Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   RBP: 0x{rbp:X16} (mod 16 = {rbp % 16})");
 							Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   RSP: 0x{rsp:X16} (mod 16 = {rsp % 16})");
 						}
-						if (rip > 16)
+						byte[] before = new byte[16];
+						if (rip > 16 && TryReadHostBytes(rip - 16, before))
 						{
-							byte[] before = new byte[16];
-							Marshal.Copy((nint)(rip - 16), before, 0, before.Length);
 							Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Code before RIP: " + BitConverter.ToString(before).Replace("-", " "));
 						}
-						if (rip > 32)
+						byte[] window = new byte[64];
+						if (rip > 32 && TryReadHostBytes(rip - 32, window))
 						{
-							byte[] window = new byte[64];
-							Marshal.Copy((nint)(rip - 32), window, 0, window.Length);
 							Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Code window [RIP-0x20..]: " + BitConverter.ToString(window).Replace("-", " "));
 						}
 					}
-					catch
+					else
 					{
 						Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]   Could not read code at RIP");
 					}
@@ -286,11 +300,11 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					DumpGuestReferenceDiagnostics();
 					DumpGuestPointerWindowDiagnostics();
 					break;
-				case 2147483651u:
+				case WindowsFaultCodes.Breakpoint:
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Type: Breakpoint (int3)");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Unexpected breakpoint in direct-bridge mode");
 					break;
-				case 3221225501u:
+				case WindowsFaultCodes.IllegalInstruction:
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Type: Illegal Instruction");
 					break;
 			}
@@ -323,8 +337,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			EXCEPTION_POINTERS* pointers = (EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo;
 			EXCEPTION_RECORD* record = pointers->ExceptionRecord;
 			void* contextRecord = pointers->ContextRecord;
-			ulong rip = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 248) : 0;
-			ulong rsp = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 152) : 0;
+			ulong rip = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP) : 0;
+			ulong rsp = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP) : 0;
 			ulong accessType = record->NumberParameters >= 1 ? *record->ExceptionInformation : 0;
 			ulong target = record->NumberParameters >= 2 ? record->ExceptionInformation[1] : 0;
 			Console.Error.WriteLine(
@@ -470,7 +484,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		ulong address = scanBase;
 		while (address < scanEnd)
 		{
-			if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
+			if (!_hostMemory.Query(address, out var mbi))
 			{
 				break;
 			}
@@ -482,9 +496,9 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				break;
 			}
 
-			if (mbi.State == MEM_COMMIT &&
-				IsReadableProtection(mbi.Protect) &&
-				IsExecutableProtection(mbi.Protect))
+			if (mbi.State == HostRegionState.Committed &&
+				IsReadableProtection(mbi.RawProtection) &&
+				IsExecutableProtection(mbi.RawProtection))
 			{
 				ScanExecutableRegionForTargetReferences(regionBase, regionEnd, targetList, hitCounts, maxHitsPerTarget);
 			}
@@ -789,13 +803,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
+		if (!_hostMemory.Query(address, out var mbi))
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
 
 		ulong regionEnd = mbi.BaseAddress + mbi.RegionSize;
-		if (mbi.State != MEM_COMMIT || !IsReadableProtection(mbi.Protect) || regionEnd <= address || address > regionEnd - 8)
+		if (mbi.State != HostRegionState.Committed || !IsReadableProtection(mbi.RawProtection) || regionEnd <= address || address > regionEnd - 8)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -812,6 +826,61 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		}
 	}
 
+	private static bool TryReadHostQword(ulong address, out ulong value)
+	{
+		if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+		{
+			// A stray read inside the signal handler would raise a nested
+			// SIGSEGV and kill the process before diagnostics finish, so
+			// probe the region table instead of relying on try/catch.
+			return TryReadStackU64(address, out value);
+		}
+
+		value = 0;
+		try
+		{
+			value = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)address);
+			return true;
+		}
+		catch
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private unsafe bool TryReadHostBytes(ulong address, byte[] buffer)
+	{
+		if (address < 65536)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+		{
+			// See TryReadHostQword: probe every touched page before reading.
+			ulong end = address + (ulong)buffer.Length;
+			for (ulong page = address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000uL; page < end; page += 4096)
+			{
+				if (!_hostMemory.Query(page, out var mbi) ||
+					mbi.State != HostRegionState.Committed ||
+					!IsReadableProtection(mbi.RawProtection))
+				{
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		try
+		{
+			Marshal.Copy((nint)address, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+			return true;
+		}
+		catch
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
 	private string FormatPointerWithNearestSymbol(ulong value)
 	{
 		string text = $"0x{value:X16}";
@@ -907,25 +976,25 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		if (VirtualQuery((void*)faultAddress, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
+		if (!_hostMemory.Query(faultAddress, out var mbi))
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
 
 		ulong pageBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000uL;
-		uint commitProtect = ResolveLazyCommitProtection(accessType, mbi.AllocationProtect);
+		uint commitProtect = ResolveLazyCommitProtection(accessType, mbi.RawAllocationProtection);
 		int traceIndex = Interlocked.Increment(ref _lazyCommitTraceCount);
 		bool traceLazyCommit = ShouldTraceLazyCommit(traceIndex);
 		if (traceLazyCommit)
 		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-query#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} owner={owner} rip=0x{rip:X16} rsp=0x{rsp:X16} state=0x{mbi.State:X08} base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} alloc=0x{mbi.AllocationProtect:X08} prot=0x{mbi.Protect:X08}");
+			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-query#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} owner={owner} rip=0x{rip:X16} rsp=0x{rsp:X16} state=0x{mbi.RawState:X08} base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} alloc=0x{mbi.RawAllocationProtection:X08} prot=0x{mbi.RawProtection:X08}");
 		}
 
-		if (mbi.State == 4096 && IsAccessCompatible(accessType, mbi.Protect))
+		if (mbi.State == HostRegionState.Committed && IsAccessCompatible(accessType, mbi.RawProtection))
 		{
 			if (traceLazyCommit)
 			{
-				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-commit-race#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} protect=0x{mbi.Protect:X08}");
+				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-commit-race#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} protect=0x{mbi.RawProtection:X08}");
 			}
 			return true;
 		}
@@ -934,10 +1003,10 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		ulong committedBase = 0;
 		ulong committedSize = 0;
 
-		if (mbi.State == 65536)
+		if (mbi.State == HostRegionState.Free)
 		{
 			if (TryGetLazyCommitWindow(faultAddress, mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, out var windowBase, out var windowSize) &&
-				TryReserveThenCommit(windowBase, windowSize, windowBase, windowSize, commitProtect))
+				TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, windowBase, windowSize, windowBase, windowSize, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = windowBase;
@@ -946,7 +1015,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			else
 			{
 				ulong largeBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFE00000uL;
-				if (TryReserveThenCommit(largeBase, 2097152uL, largeBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
+				if (TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, largeBase, 2097152uL, largeBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
 				{
 					committed = true;
 					committedBase = largeBase;
@@ -957,13 +1026,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			if (!committed)
 			{
 				ulong region64kBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0000uL;
-				if (TryReserveThenCommit(region64kBase, 65536uL, region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
+				if (TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, region64kBase, 65536uL, region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
 				{
 					committed = true;
 					committedBase = region64kBase;
 					committedSize = 65536uL;
 				}
-				else if (TryReserveThenCommit(pageBase, 4096uL, pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
+				else if (TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, pageBase, 4096uL, pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
 				{
 					committed = true;
 					committedBase = pageBase;
@@ -976,7 +1045,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				return false;
 			}
 
-			TryCommitRange(pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
+			TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
 			if (traceLazyCommit)
 			{
 				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-reserve-commit#{traceIndex}: addr=0x{committedBase:X16} size=0x{committedSize:X16} access={accessType} protect=0x{commitProtect:X8}");
@@ -984,13 +1053,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		if (mbi.State != 8192)
+		if (mbi.State != HostRegionState.Reserved)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
 
 		if (TryGetLazyCommitWindow(faultAddress, mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, out var commitWindowBase, out var commitWindowSize) &&
-			TryCommitRange(commitWindowBase, commitWindowSize, commitProtect))
+			TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, commitWindowBase, commitWindowSize, commitProtect))
 		{
 			committed = true;
 			committedBase = commitWindowBase;
@@ -999,7 +1068,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		else
 		{
 			ulong largeCommitBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFE00000uL;
-			if (TryCommitRange(largeCommitBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
+			if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, largeCommitBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = largeCommitBase;
@@ -1010,19 +1079,19 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		if (!committed)
 		{
 			ulong region64kBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0000uL;
-			if (TryCommitRange(region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
+			if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = region64kBase;
 				committedSize = 65536uL;
 			}
-			else if (TryCommitRange(pageBase, 8192uL, commitProtect))
+			else if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase, 8192uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = pageBase;
 				committedSize = 8192uL;
 			}
-			else if (TryCommitRange(pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
+			else if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = pageBase;
@@ -1035,7 +1104,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		TryCommitRange(pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
+		TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
 		if (traceLazyCommit)
 		{
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-commit#{traceIndex}: addr=0x{committedBase:X16} size=0x{committedSize:X16} access={accessType} protect=0x{commitProtect:X8}");
@@ -1076,31 +1145,33 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		static unsafe bool TryCommitRange(ulong baseAddress, ulong length, uint protection)
+		// The commit protection is one of the two raw values ResolveLazyCommitProtection
+		// produces (0x40 RWX / 0x04 RW); the enum mapping reproduces those exactly.
+		static bool TryCommitRange(IHostMemory hostMemory, ulong baseAddress, ulong length, uint protection)
 		{
 			if (length == 0)
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			return VirtualAlloc((void*)baseAddress, (nuint)length, 4096u, protection) != null;
+			return hostMemory.Commit(baseAddress, length, protection == 64u ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute : HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
 		}
 
-		static unsafe bool TryReserveRange(ulong baseAddress, ulong length)
+		static bool TryReserveRange(IHostMemory hostMemory, ulong baseAddress, ulong length)
 		{
 			if (length == 0)
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			return VirtualAlloc((void*)baseAddress, (nuint)length, 8192u, 4u) != null;
+			return hostMemory.Reserve(baseAddress, length, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite) != 0;
 		}
 
-		static bool TryReserveThenCommit(ulong reserveAddress, ulong reserveSize, ulong commitAddress, ulong commitSize, uint protection)
+		static bool TryReserveThenCommit(IHostMemory hostMemory, ulong reserveAddress, ulong reserveSize, ulong commitAddress, ulong commitSize, uint protection)
 		{
-			if (!TryReserveRange(reserveAddress, reserveSize))
+			if (!TryReserveRange(hostMemory, reserveAddress, reserveSize))
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			return TryCommitRange(commitAddress, commitSize, protection);
+			return TryCommitRange(hostMemory, commitAddress, commitSize, protection);
 		}
 
 		static bool IsAccessCompatible(ulong accessType, uint protection)

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Imports.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
 
@@ -19,6 +22,16 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 
 	private static ulong ImportDispatchGatewayManaged(nint backendHandle, int importIndex, nint argPackPtr)
 	{
+		if (LogThreadMode)
+		{
+			_threadModeGatewayCalls++;
+			_threadModeGatewayDepth++;
+			if (!_threadModeGatewayFirstLogged)
+			{
+				_threadModeGatewayFirstLogged = true;
+				TraceThreadMode($"gateway_first import={importIndex} total={_threadModeGatewayCalls}");
+			}
+		}
 		try
 		{
 			if (!(GCHandle.FromIntPtr(backendHandle).Target is DirectExecutionBackend directExecutionBackend))
@@ -36,6 +49,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				$"[LOADER][ERROR] ImportDispatchGatewayManaged exception: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
 			return 18446744071562199298uL;
 		}
+		finally
+		{
+			if (LogThreadMode)
+			{
+				_threadModeGatewayDepth--;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	private unsafe static int RawVectoredHandlerManaged(void* exceptionInfo)
@@ -51,24 +71,30 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 	private unsafe static int TryRecoverUnresolvedSentinel(void* exceptionInfo)
 	{
 		EXCEPTION_RECORD* exceptionRecord = ((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ExceptionRecord;
-		if (exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode != 3221225477u)
+		if (exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode != WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation)
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 		void* contextRecord = ((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord;
-		ulong value = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 248);
+		ulong value = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP);
 		ulong value2 = (ulong)exceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress;
 		if (!IsUnresolvedSentinel(value) && !IsUnresolvedSentinel(value2))
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
-		ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 152);
-		WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, 120, 0uL);
+		ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP);
+		WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RAX, 0uL);
 		if (TryGetPlausibleReturnFromStack(rsp, out var returnRip, out var nextRsp))
 		{
-			WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, 152, nextRsp);
-			WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, 248, returnRip);
+			WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP, nextRsp);
+			WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP, returnRip);
 			Interlocked.Increment(ref _rawSentinelRecoveries);
+			if (LogThreadMode)
+			{
+				TraceThreadMode(
+					$"sentinel_recover rip=0x{value:X16} -> 0x{returnRip:X16} rsp=0x{rsp:X16} -> 0x{nextRsp:X16} " +
+					$"gateway_depth={_threadModeGatewayDepth}");
+			}
 			return -1;
 		}
 		return 0;
@@ -87,12 +113,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			LastError = "Import dispatch called without active CPU context";
 			return 18446744071562199298uL;
 		}
-		if ((uint)importIndex >= (uint)_importEntries.Length)
+		var importEntries = _importEntries;
+		if ((uint)importIndex >= (uint)importEntries.Length)
 		{
 			LastError = $"Import dispatch index out of range: {importIndex}";
 			return 18446744071562199042uL;
 		}
-		ImportStubEntry importStubEntry = _importEntries[importIndex];
+		ImportStubEntry importStubEntry = importEntries[importIndex];
 		int num2 = Volatile.Read(in _rawSentinelRecoveries);
 		if (num2 != _lastReportedRawSentinelRecoveries)
 		{
@@ -136,6 +163,14 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				*(ulong*)(xmmSlot + 8));
 		}
 		cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsp] = (ulong)argPackPtr + 96uL;
+		if (importStubEntry.Kind == ImportStubKind.BootstrapBridge)
+		{
+			NormalizeKernelDynlibDlsymArguments(cpuContext, out _, out _);
+			*(ulong*)argPackPtr = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+			*(ulong*)(argPackPtr + 8) = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+			*(ulong*)(argPackPtr + 16) = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+		}
+
 		ulong value = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi];
 		ulong value2 = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi];
 		ulong num3 = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx];
@@ -186,16 +221,6 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			TraceGuestContext(
 				$"import dispatch={num} nid={importStubEntry.Nid} ret=0x{num7:X16} managed={Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} guest=0x{GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle:X16} fiber=0x{GuestThreadExecution.CurrentFiberAddress:X16} active={HasActiveExecutionThread}");
 		}
-		if (_logBootstrap && string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, RuntimeStubNids.BootstrapBridge, StringComparison.Ordinal))
-		{
-			string symbolText = "<unreadable>";
-			if (TryReadAsciiZ(value2, 256, out var sym))
-			{
-				symbolText = sym;
-			}
-			Console.Error.WriteLine(
-				$"[LOADER][TRACE] bootstrap_call#{num}: op=0x{value:X16} sym_ptr=0x{value2:X16} sym='{symbolText}' out_ptr=0x{num3:X16} ret=0x{num7:X16}");
-		}
 		if (!isGuestWorker &&
 			!ActiveForcedGuestExit &&
 			ShouldForceGuestExitOnImportLoop(importStubEntry.Nid, num7, num, value, value2) &&
@@ -204,6 +229,33 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 1uL;
 			return 1uL;
 		}
+		// Backend teardown in progress: unwind this worker to the host instead of
+		// dispatching. RunGuestThread parks it as Blocked with no wake handler, its
+		// host thread exits, and RequestGuestThreadTeardown can finish before any
+		// executable memory is freed.
+		if (isGuestWorker &&
+			_guestTeardownRequested &&
+			TryYieldGuestThreadToHostStub(argPackPtr, num, num7, importStubEntry.Nid, "backend teardown"))
+		{
+			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0uL;
+			return 0uL;
+		}
+		if (_hostShutdownRequested)
+		{
+			if (isGuestWorker &&
+				TryYieldGuestThreadToHostStub(argPackPtr, num, num7, importStubEntry.Nid, "host shutdown"))
+			{
+				cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0uL;
+				return 0uL;
+			}
+
+			if (!isGuestWorker &&
+				TryAbortGuestForHostShutdown(argPackPtr, num, num7))
+			{
+				cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 1uL;
+				return 1uL;
+			}
+		}
 		bool flag0 = ShouldSuppressStrlenTrace(importStubEntry.Nid);
 		bool flag = num7 >= 2156221920u && num7 <= 2156225024u;
 		bool flag2 = num7 >= 2156351360u && num7 <= 2156352080u;
@@ -211,12 +263,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		bool flag4 = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_importFilter);
 		bool flag5 = false;
 		ExportedFunction? matchedExport = importStubEntry.Export;
+		var traceFlags = importStubEntry.TraceFlags;
 		bool periodicTrace = num <= 128 ||
 			(num >= 240 && num <= 400) ||
 			(num >= 900 && num <= 1300) ||
 			num % 100000 == 0L ||
-			(importStubEntry.Nid == "tsvEmnenz48" && (num <= 256 || num % 1000 == 0L)) ||
-			(importStubEntry.Nid == "rTXw65xmLIA" && (num <= 256 || num % 128 == 0)) ||
+			((traceFlags & ImportStubTraceFlags.PeriodicEvery1000) != 0 && (num <= 256 || num % 1000 == 0L)) ||
+			((traceFlags & ImportStubTraceFlags.PeriodicEvery128) != 0 && (num <= 256 || num % 128 == 0)) ||
 			flag ||
 			flag2 ||
 			flag3;
@@ -277,15 +330,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi],
 				cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
 		}
-		if (importStubEntry.Nid == "8zTFvBIAIN8" && num <= 256)
+		if ((traceFlags & ImportStubTraceFlags.Memset) != 0 && num <= 256)
 		{
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] memset#{num}: dst=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X16} val=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi] & 0xFF:X2} len=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx]:X16} ret=0x{num7:X16}");
 		}
-		if (importStubEntry.Nid == "tsvEmnenz48" && num <= 64)
+		if ((traceFlags & ImportStubTraceFlags.CxaAtexit) != 0 && num <= 64)
 		{
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] __cxa_atexit#{num}: func=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X16} arg=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi]:X16} dso=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx]:X16} ret=0x{num7:X16}");
 		}
-		if (importStubEntry.Nid == "bzQExy189ZI" || importStubEntry.Nid == "8G2LB+A3rzg")
+		if ((traceFlags & ImportStubTraceFlags.RawArgs) != 0)
 		{
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] {importStubEntry.Nid}#{num}: rdi=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X16} rsi=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi]:X16} rdx=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx]:X16} ret=0x{num7:X16}");
 		}
@@ -315,7 +368,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				Console.Error.Flush();
 			}
 		}
-		if (importStubEntry.Nid == "Ou3iL1abvng")
+		if ((traceFlags & ImportStubTraceFlags.StackChkFail) != 0)
 		{
 			if (_logStackCheck)
 			{
@@ -347,16 +400,20 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				ActiveGuestReturnSlotAddress);
 			try
 			{
-				if (string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, RuntimeStubNids.BootstrapBridge, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				if (importStubEntry.Kind == ImportStubKind.BootstrapBridge)
 				{
+					if (_logBootstrap)
+					{
+						RecordDeferredBootstrapTrace(num, value, value2, num3, num7);
+					}
+
 					orbisGen2Result = DispatchBootstrapBridge();
 				}
-				else if (string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, RuntimeStubNids.KernelDynlibDlsym, StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
-					string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, "LwG8g3niqwA", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				else if (importStubEntry.Kind == ImportStubKind.KernelDynlibDlsym)
 				{
 					orbisGen2Result = DispatchKernelDynlibDlsym();
 				}
-				else if (string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, "r8mvOaWdi28", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				else if (importStubEntry.Kind == ImportStubKind.Il2CppApiLookupSymbol)
 				{
 					orbisGen2Result = DispatchIl2CppApiLookupSymbol();
 				}
@@ -478,8 +535,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					out var blockContinuation,
 					out var hasBlockContinuation,
 					out var blockWakeKey,
-					out var blockResumeHandler,
-					out var blockWakeHandler,
+					out var blockWaiter,
 					out var blockDeadlineTimestamp) &&
 				TryYieldGuestThreadToHostStub(argPackPtr, num, num7, importStubEntry.Nid, blockReason))
 			{
@@ -489,8 +545,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 						GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle,
 						blockContinuation,
 						blockWakeKey,
-						blockResumeHandler,
-						blockWakeHandler,
+						blockWaiter,
 						blockDeadlineTimestamp);
 				}
 
@@ -511,6 +566,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			cpuContext.GetXmmRegister(0, out var returnXmm0Low, out var returnXmm0High);
 			*(ulong*)(argPackPtr - 0x80) = returnXmm0Low;
 			*(ulong*)(argPackPtr - 0x80 + 8) = returnXmm0High;
+			DrainDeferredBootstrapTraces();
 			return cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax];
 		}
 		catch (Exception ex)
@@ -519,6 +575,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] {LastError}");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] {ex.StackTrace}");
 			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 18446744071562199298uL;
+			DrainDeferredBootstrapTraces();
 			return 18446744071562199298uL;
 		}
 	}
@@ -619,8 +676,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				out var blockContinuation,
 				out var hasBlockContinuation,
 				out var blockWakeKey,
-				out var blockResumeHandler,
-				out var blockWakeHandler,
+				out var blockWaiter,
 				out var blockDeadlineTimestamp) &&
 			TryYieldGuestThreadToHostStub(argPackPtr, dispatchIndex, returnRip, importStubEntry.Nid, blockReason))
 		{
@@ -630,8 +686,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle,
 					blockContinuation,
 					blockWakeKey,
-					blockResumeHandler,
-					blockWakeHandler,
+					blockWaiter,
 					blockDeadlineTimestamp);
 			}
 
@@ -671,6 +726,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"eE4Szl8sil8" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBuffer
 			"qvMUCyyaCSI" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBufferAndGetId
 			"Q2V+iqvjgC0" or // vsnprintf
+			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" or // strcasecmp
 			"q1cHNfGycLI" or // scePadRead
 			"xk0AcarP3V4" or // scePadOpen
 			"yH17Q6NWtVg" or // sceUserServiceGetEvent
@@ -694,6 +750,9 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		var expectedEqueueTimeout =
 			string.Equals(nid, "fzyMKs9kim0", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
 			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT;
+		var expectedEventFlagTimeout =
+			string.Equals(nid, "JTvBflhYazQ", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT;
 		var expectedMutexTrylockBusy =
 			string.Equals(nid, "K-jXhbt2gn4", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
 			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
@@ -706,6 +765,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		if (!expectedFileProbeMiss &&
 			!expectedTimedWaitTimeout &&
 			!expectedEqueueTimeout &&
+			!expectedEventFlagTimeout &&
 			!expectedMutexTrylockBusy &&
 			!expectedUserServiceNoEvent &&
 			!expectedPrivacyInvalidParameter)
@@ -768,11 +828,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return !_logUsleep;
 		}
 
+		// Mutex lock uses this block-capable leaf path. Keep it out of the no-block subset.
 		return nid is
 			"9UK1vLZQft4" or // scePthreadMutexLock
-			"tn3VlD0hG60" or // scePthreadMutexUnlock
 			"7H0iTOciTLo" or // pthread_mutex_lock
+			"tn3VlD0hG60" or // scePthreadMutexUnlock
 			"2Z+PpY6CaJg" or // pthread_mutex_unlock
+			"EgmLo6EWgso" or // pthread_rwlock_unlock
+			"+L98PIbGttk" or // scePthreadRwlockUnlock
+			"q1cHNfGycLI" or // scePadRead
 			"8aI7R7WaOlc" or // sceAmprCommandBufferConstructor
 			"zgXifHT9ErY" or // sceVideoOutIsFlipPending
 			"V++UgBtQhn0" or // sceAgcGetDataPacketPayloadAddress
@@ -831,10 +895,11 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"Q2V+iqvjgC0" or // vsnprintf
 			"j4ViWNHEgww" or // strlen
 			"5jNubw4vlAA" or // strnlen
-			"LHMrG7e8G78" or // wcslen
+			"LHMrG7e8G78" or // wcsmisc
 			"WkkeywLJcgU" or // wcslen
 			"Ovb2dSJOAuE" or // strcmp
 			"aesyjrHVWy4" or // strncmp
+			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" or // strcasecmp
 			"pNtJdE3x49E" or // wcscmp
 			"fV2xHER+bKE" or // wcscoll
 			"E8wCoUEbfzk" or // wcsncmp
@@ -845,12 +910,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"6ULAa0fq4jA" or // scePthreadRwlockInit
 			"1471ajPzxh0" or // pthread_rwlock_destroy
 			"BB+kb08Tl9A" or // scePthreadRwlockDestroy
-			"iGjsr1WAtI0" or // pthread_rwlock_rdlock
-			"Ox9i0c7L5w0" or // scePthreadRwlockRdlock
-			"sIlRvQqsN2Y" or // pthread_rwlock_wrlock
-			"mqdNorrB+gI" or // scePthreadRwlockWrlock
-			"EgmLo6EWgso" or // pthread_rwlock_unlock
-			"+L98PIbGttk" or // scePthreadRwlockUnlock
+			// rwlock rd/wr lock removed (can block); init/destroy/unlock stay.
 			"aI+OeCz8xrQ" or // scePthreadSelf
 			"EotR8a3ASf4" or // pthread_self
 			"eoht7mQOCmo" or // scePthreadGetspecific
@@ -929,6 +989,31 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		return true;
 	}
 
+	private unsafe bool TryAbortGuestForHostShutdown(nint argPackPtr, long dispatchIndex, ulong returnRip)
+	{
+		ulong hostExit = ActiveEntryReturnSentinelRip;
+		if (hostExit < 65536 || !TryPatchActiveGuestReturnSlot(hostExit))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+		try
+		{
+			*(ulong*)(argPackPtr + 96) = hostExit;
+		}
+		catch
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+		ActiveForcedGuestExit = true;
+		if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(LastError))
+		{
+			LastError = "Host shutdown requested.";
+		}
+		Console.Error.WriteLine(
+			$"[LOADER][INFO] Guest unwind for host shutdown at import#{dispatchIndex} ret=0x{returnRip:X16} -> host_exit=0x{hostExit:X16}");
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	private unsafe bool TryCompleteGuestEntryToHostStub(nint argPackPtr, long dispatchIndex, ulong returnRip, string nid, string reason, ulong value)
 	{
 		ulong hostExit = ActiveEntryReturnSentinelRip;
@@ -1035,7 +1120,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 	}
 
 	private static bool IsImportLoopGuardBoundary(string nid) =>
-		string.Equals(nid, "1jfXLRVzisc", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+    nid switch
+    {
+        "1jfXLRVzisc" => true, // sceKernelUsleep
+        "QcteRwbsnV0" => true, // usleep
+        "n88vx3C5nW8" => true, // gettimeofday
+        "Zxa0VhQVTsk" => true, // sceKernelWaitSema
+        "T72hz6ffq08" => true, // scePthreadYield
+        _ => false
+    };
 
 	private void ResetImportLoopPattern()
 	{
@@ -1275,30 +1368,485 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
 		}
-		ulong symbolNameAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-		ulong outputAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx];
-		if (!TryReadAsciiZ(symbolNameAddress, 512, out var symbolName))
+
+		NormalizeKernelDynlibDlsymArguments(cpuContext, out var symbolNameAddress, out var outputAddress);
+		try
 		{
-			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 18446744073709551615uL;
-			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+			if (!TryReadAsciiZ(symbolNameAddress, 512, out var symbolName) ||
+				!TryResolveDlsymGuestAddress(symbolName, out var resolvedAddress) ||
+				outputAddress == 0 ||
+				!TryWriteUInt64Compat(outputAddress, resolvedAddress))
+			{
+				return CompleteKernelDynlibDlsymFailure(cpuContext, outputAddress);
+			}
 		}
-		if (!TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(symbolName, out var resolvedAddress) &&
-			!TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAlias(symbolName, out resolvedAddress))
+		catch
 		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine(
-				$"[LOADER][WARN] sceKernelDlsym failed: handle=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X} symbol='{symbolName}'");
-			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 18446744073709551615uL;
-			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-		}
-		if (outputAddress == 0L || !TryWriteUInt64Compat(outputAddress, resolvedAddress))
-		{
-			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 18446744073709551615uL;
-			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+			return CompleteKernelDynlibDlsymFailure(cpuContext, outputAddress);
 		}
+
 		cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0uL;
 		return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
 	}
 
+	private static void NormalizeKernelDynlibDlsymArguments(
+		CpuContext cpuContext,
+		out ulong symbolNameAddress,
+		out ulong outputAddress)
+	{
+		var handle = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+		symbolNameAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+		outputAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+
+		// Standalone bootstrap loaders sometimes call through the bridge with
+		// (symbol_ptr, handle, out) while sceKernelDlsym is (handle, symbol_ptr, out).
+		// Heuristic only: valid when RSI looks like a small handle and RDI is a guest pointer.
+		if (symbolNameAddress < 0x10000 &&
+			IsPlausibleDynlibSymbolPointer(handle))
+		{
+			symbolNameAddress = handle;
+			handle = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi] = handle;
+			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi] = symbolNameAddress;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static bool IsPlausibleDynlibSymbolPointer(ulong address)
+	{
+		return address >= 0x10000 && address < 0x0000_8000_0000_0000UL;
+	}
+
+	private OrbisGen2Result CompleteKernelDynlibDlsymFailure(CpuContext cpuContext, ulong outputAddress)
+	{
+		if (outputAddress != 0)
+		{
+			_ = TryWriteUInt64Compat(outputAddress, 0);
+		}
+
+		cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = ulong.MaxValue;
+		return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+	}
+
+	private void ResetLazyDlsymStubState()
+	{
+		lock (_lazyDlsymStubGate)
+		{
+			_lazyDlsymStubCache.Clear();
+			_lazyImportStubPoolMapped = false;
+			_lazyImportStubPoolBase = 0;
+			_lazyImportStubNextSlot = 0;
+			_lazyImportStubPoolLimit = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private bool TryResolveDlsymGuestAddress(string symbolName, out ulong guestAddress)
+	{
+		guestAddress = 0;
+		if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(symbolName))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Tier 0: ELF runtime symbols and aliases.
+		if (TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(symbolName, out guestAddress) ||
+			TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAlias(symbolName, out guestAddress))
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		// Tier 1: existing import stub entries (duplicate prevention).
+		if (TryFindImportStubGuestAddress(symbolName, out guestAddress))
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		var hasAerolibSymbol = Aerolib.Instance.TryGetByExportName(symbolName, out var hleSymbol);
+		if (hasAerolibSymbol)
+		{
+			if (HleDataSymbols.TryGetAddress(hleSymbol.Nid, out _))
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			if (TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(hleSymbol.Nid, out guestAddress) ||
+				TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(hleSymbol.ExportName, out guestAddress) ||
+				TryFindImportStubGuestAddress(hleSymbol.Nid, out guestAddress) ||
+				TryFindImportStubGuestAddress(hleSymbol.ExportName, out guestAddress))
+			{
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (Aerolib.Instance.TryGetByNid(symbolName, out hleSymbol))
+		{
+			if (HleDataSymbols.TryGetAddress(hleSymbol.Nid, out _))
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			if (TryFindImportStubGuestAddress(hleSymbol.Nid, out guestAddress) ||
+				TryFindImportStubGuestAddress(hleSymbol.ExportName, out guestAddress))
+			{
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			hasAerolibSymbol = true;
+		}
+
+		// Tier 3: lazy materialization for callable HLE symbols missing from ELF imports.
+		if (!TryResolveLazyDispatchTarget(symbolName, hasAerolibSymbol, in hleSymbol, out var dispatchNid, out var export))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return TryGetOrCreateLazyImportStub(
+			dispatchNid,
+			symbolName,
+			hasAerolibSymbol ? hleSymbol : null,
+			export,
+			out guestAddress);
+	}
+
+	private bool TryFindImportStubGuestAddress(string identifier, out ulong guestAddress)
+	{
+		guestAddress = 0;
+		if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(identifier))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		var importEntries = _importEntries;
+		for (var i = 0; i < importEntries.Length; i++)
+		{
+			var entry = importEntries[i];
+			if (!ImportStubEntryMatchesIdentifier(entry, identifier))
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (entry.Address >= 0x10000)
+			{
+				guestAddress = entry.Address;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private static bool ImportStubEntryMatchesIdentifier(in ImportStubEntry entry, string identifier)
+	{
+		if (string.Equals(entry.Nid, identifier, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if (entry.Export is not { } export)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return string.Equals(export.Name, identifier, StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+			string.Equals(export.Nid, identifier, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+	}
+
+	private static bool IsKernelDynlibDlsymIdentifier(string identifier)
+	{
+		return string.Equals(identifier, "sceKernelDlsym", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+			string.Equals(identifier, KernelDynlibDlsymAerolibNid, StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+			string.Equals(identifier, RuntimeStubNids.KernelDynlibDlsym, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+	}
+
+	private bool TryResolveLazyDispatchTarget(
+		string symbolName,
+		bool hasAerolibSymbol,
+		in SysAbiSymbol hleSymbol,
+		out string dispatchNid,
+		out ExportedFunction? export)
+	{
+		export = null;
+		dispatchNid = string.Empty;
+
+		if (IsKernelDynlibDlsymIdentifier(symbolName))
+		{
+			dispatchNid = KernelDynlibDlsymAerolibNid;
+			_ = _moduleManager.TryGetExport(dispatchNid, out export);
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if (!hasAerolibSymbol)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (HleDataSymbols.TryGetAddress(hleSymbol.Nid, out _))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (_moduleManager.TryGetExport(hleSymbol.Nid, out export))
+		{
+			dispatchNid = hleSymbol.Nid;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private bool TryGetOrCreateLazyImportStub(
+		string dispatchNid,
+		string symbolName,
+		SysAbiSymbol? hleSymbol,
+		ExportedFunction? export,
+		out ulong guestAddress)
+	{
+		guestAddress = 0;
+		if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dispatchNid))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		lock (_lazyDlsymStubGate)
+		{
+			if (TryGetCachedLazyDlsymAddress(dispatchNid, symbolName, out guestAddress))
+			{
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			if (!EnsureLazyImportStubPoolMapped())
+			{
+				LogLazyImportStubMaterializationFailure(
+					"import stub region unresolved",
+					dispatchNid,
+					symbolName);
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			if (!TryAllocateLazyImportStubSlot(out guestAddress))
+			{
+				LogLazyImportStubMaterializationFailure(
+					"lazy import stub pool exhausted",
+					dispatchNid,
+					symbolName);
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			var previousEntries = _importEntries;
+			var importIndex = previousEntries.Length;
+			var newEntries = new ImportStubEntry[importIndex + 1];
+			if (importIndex > 0)
+			{
+				Array.Copy(previousEntries, newEntries, importIndex);
+			}
+
+			newEntries[importIndex] = new ImportStubEntry(guestAddress, dispatchNid, export);
+
+			var hostTrampoline = CreateImportHandlerTrampoline(importIndex);
+			if (hostTrampoline == 0 ||
+				!PatchImportStub((nint)(long)guestAddress, hostTrampoline))
+			{
+				guestAddress = 0;
+				LogLazyImportStubMaterializationFailure(
+					"failed to patch lazy import stub trampoline",
+					dispatchNid,
+					symbolName);
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			_importEntries = newEntries;
+
+			RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKeys(symbolName, dispatchNid, hleSymbol, guestAddress);
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private bool TryGetCachedLazyDlsymAddress(string dispatchNid, string symbolName, out ulong guestAddress)
+	{
+		if (_lazyDlsymStubCache.TryGetValue(dispatchNid, out guestAddress) ||
+			_lazyDlsymStubCache.TryGetValue(symbolName, out guestAddress))
+		{
+			return guestAddress >= 0x10000;
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private void RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKeys(
+		string symbolName,
+		string dispatchNid,
+		SysAbiSymbol? hleSymbol,
+		ulong guestAddress)
+	{
+		RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey(symbolName, guestAddress);
+		RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey(dispatchNid, guestAddress);
+
+		if (IsKernelDynlibDlsymIdentifier(symbolName) || IsKernelDynlibDlsymIdentifier(dispatchNid))
+		{
+			RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey(RuntimeStubNids.KernelDynlibDlsym, guestAddress);
+			RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey(KernelDynlibDlsymAerolibNid, guestAddress);
+			RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey("sceKernelDlsym", guestAddress);
+		}
+
+		if (hleSymbol.HasValue)
+		{
+			RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey(hleSymbol.Value.Nid, guestAddress);
+			RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey(hleSymbol.Value.ExportName, guestAddress);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void RegisterDlsymRuntimeSymbolKey(string key, ulong guestAddress)
+	{
+		if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key) || !IsRuntimeSymbolAddressUsable(guestAddress))
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		_runtimeSymbolsByName[key] = guestAddress;
+		_lazyDlsymStubCache[key] = guestAddress;
+	}
+
+	private void LogLazyImportStubMaterializationFailure(string reason, string dispatchNid, string symbolName)
+	{
+		Console.Error.WriteLine(
+			$"[LOADER][WARN] Lazy import stub materialization failed ({reason}): " +
+			$"nid={dispatchNid} symbol='{symbolName}'");
+	}
+
+	private unsafe bool TryResolveImportStubRegionBounds(
+		ImportStubEntry[] importEntries,
+		out ulong regionBase,
+		out ulong regionLimit)
+	{
+		regionBase = 0;
+		regionLimit = 0;
+
+		for (var candidateIndex = 0; candidateIndex < 64; candidateIndex++)
+		{
+			var candidateBase = ImportStubRegionCanonicalBase -
+				(ulong)candidateIndex * ImportStubRegionAddressStride;
+			if (!_hostMemory.Query(candidateBase, out var memoryInfo) ||
+				memoryInfo.RegionSize == 0 ||
+				memoryInfo.State != HostRegionState.Committed)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			var candidateLimit = candidateBase + memoryInfo.RegionSize;
+			var hasStub = false;
+			for (var i = 0; i < importEntries.Length; i++)
+			{
+				var entryAddress = importEntries[i].Address;
+				if (entryAddress < candidateBase || entryAddress >= candidateLimit)
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				if ((entryAddress - candidateBase) % LazyImportStubSlotSize != 0)
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				hasStub = true;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (!hasStub)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			regionBase = candidateBase;
+			regionLimit = candidateLimit;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		ulong maxStubEnd = 0;
+		for (var i = 0; i < importEntries.Length; i++)
+		{
+			var entryAddress = importEntries[i].Address;
+			if (entryAddress < ImportStubRegionCanonicalBase)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if ((entryAddress - ImportStubRegionCanonicalBase) % LazyImportStubSlotSize != 0)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			var entryEnd = entryAddress + LazyImportStubSlotSize;
+			if (entryEnd > maxStubEnd)
+			{
+				maxStubEnd = entryEnd;
+				regionBase = ImportStubRegionCanonicalBase;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (regionBase == 0 || maxStubEnd <= regionBase)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		var spanBytes = maxStubEnd - regionBase;
+		regionLimit = regionBase + AlignUp(spanBytes, ImportStubRegionPageSize);
+		return regionLimit > regionBase;
+	}
+
+	private bool EnsureLazyImportStubPoolMapped()
+	{
+		if (_lazyImportStubPoolMapped && _lazyImportStubPoolBase != 0)
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		var importEntries = _importEntries;
+		if (!TryResolveImportStubRegionBounds(importEntries, out var importStubRegionBase, out var importStubRegionLimit))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		ulong nextSlot = importStubRegionBase;
+		for (var i = 0; i < importEntries.Length; i++)
+		{
+			var entryAddress = importEntries[i].Address;
+			if (entryAddress < importStubRegionBase || entryAddress >= importStubRegionLimit)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			var entryEnd = entryAddress + LazyImportStubSlotSize;
+			if (entryEnd > nextSlot)
+			{
+				nextSlot = entryEnd;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (nextSlot >= importStubRegionLimit)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		_lazyImportStubPoolBase = importStubRegionBase;
+		_lazyImportStubNextSlot = nextSlot;
+		_lazyImportStubPoolLimit = importStubRegionLimit;
+		_lazyImportStubPoolMapped = true;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	private bool TryAllocateLazyImportStubSlot(out ulong guestAddress)
+	{
+		guestAddress = 0;
+		if (!_lazyImportStubPoolMapped ||
+			_lazyImportStubNextSlot < _lazyImportStubPoolBase ||
+			_lazyImportStubNextSlot + LazyImportStubSlotSize > _lazyImportStubPoolLimit)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		guestAddress = _lazyImportStubNextSlot;
+		_lazyImportStubNextSlot += LazyImportStubSlotSize;
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	private bool TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAlias(string symbolName, out ulong address)
 	{
 		address = 0;
@@ -1363,29 +1911,20 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
 		}
 
-		ulong bridgeHandle = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-		ulong symbolNameAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi];
 		ulong outputAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdx];
-		_ = TryReadAsciiZ(symbolNameAddress, 512, out var symbolName);
-
-		OrbisGen2Result result = DispatchKernelDynlibDlsym();
-		if (result != OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
+		try
 		{
-			return result;
+			OrbisGen2Result result = DispatchKernelDynlibDlsym();
+			if (result != OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
+			{
+				return result;
+			}
 		}
-		if (_logBootstrap)
+		catch
 		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine(
-				$"[LOADER][TRACE] bootstrap_dispatch: handle=0x{bridgeHandle:X16} symbol='{symbolName}' out=0x{outputAddress:X16} rax=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax]:X16}");
+			return CompleteKernelDynlibDlsymFailure(cpuContext, outputAddress);
 		}
 
-		if (cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] == 0uL)
-		{
-			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-		}
-
-		Console.Error.WriteLine(
-			$"[LOADER][WARN] bootstrap_bridge unresolved: handle=0x{bridgeHandle:X} symbol='{symbolName}' out=0x{outputAddress:X16}");
 		return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
 	}
 
@@ -1426,23 +1965,37 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		List<byte> list = new List<byte>(Math.Min(maxLength, 256));
-		Span<byte> destination = stackalloc byte[1];
-		for (int i = 0; i < maxLength; i++)
+
+		// Reads stay byte-by-byte through TryReadByteCompat (its Marshal.ReadByte
+		// fallback must probe exactly up to the terminator), but the bytes land in a
+		// stack buffer instead of a List<byte> + ToArray per symbol resolution.
+		const int StackBufferLength = 512;
+		byte[]? rented = maxLength > StackBufferLength ? System.Buffers.ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(maxLength) : null;
+		Span<byte> buffer = rented is null ? stackalloc byte[StackBufferLength] : rented;
+		try
 		{
-			if (!TryReadByteCompat(address + (ulong)i, destination))
+			for (int i = 0; i < maxLength; i++)
 			{
-				return false;
+				if (!TryReadByteCompat(address + (ulong)i, buffer.Slice(i, 1)))
+				{
+					return false;
+				}
+				if (buffer[i] == 0)
+				{
+					value = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer[..i]);
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			value = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer[..maxLength]);
+			return true;
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			if (rented is not null)
+			{
+				System.Buffers.ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(rented);
 			}
-			if (destination[0] == 0)
-			{
-				value = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(list.ToArray());
-				return true;
-			}
-			list.Add(destination[0]);
 		}
-		value = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(list.ToArray());
-		return true;
 	}
 
 	private bool TryReadByteCompat(ulong address, Span<byte> destination)
@@ -1524,7 +2077,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		uint flNewProtect = default(uint);
 		try
 		{
-			if (Marshal.ReadByte(num2) != 232 || !VirtualProtect((void*)num, 5u, 64u, &flNewProtect))
+			if (Marshal.ReadByte(num2) != 232 || !_hostMemory.Protect((ulong)(void*)num, 5u, HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute, out flNewProtect))
 			{
 				return;
 			}
@@ -1532,7 +2085,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			{
 				Marshal.WriteByte(num2 + i, 144);
 			}
-			FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), (void*)num, 5u);
+			_hostMemory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)(void*)num, 5u);
 			_patchedEa020eLookupCall = true;
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][WARNING] Import#{dispatchIndex}: patched hash-lookup call at 0x{num:X16} -> NOP*5");
 		}
@@ -1543,7 +2096,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			if (flNewProtect != 0)
 			{
-				VirtualProtect((void*)num, 5u, flNewProtect, &flNewProtect);
+				_hostMemory.ProtectRaw((ulong)(void*)num, 5u, flNewProtect, out flNewProtect);
 			}
 		}
 	}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.NativeWorker.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,638 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading;
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
+
+public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
+{
+	// Guest entry stubs must not run above CLR-managed frames on a CLR-created thread:
+	// the suspension/stack-walk machinery then has to traverse a frame chain that is
+	// interleaved with guest stubs carrying no CLR unwind info, and any window in which
+	// the thread-mode bookkeeping disagrees with the actual stack (import dispatch, VEH
+	// redirection) fail-fasts the runtime — the audio_output_thread ~7th-cycle
+	// "attempted to call a UnmanagedCallersOnly method from managed code" crash.
+	//
+	// Guest execution therefore runs on dedicated raw OS threads whose run loop is
+	// emitted native code. While guest code executes there is not a single managed
+	// frame on the thread and it sits in preemptive mode, so the GC ignores it
+	// entirely. The only managed activity on the thread is the reverse-P/Invoke import
+	// dispatch and the per-run prologue/epilogue, which the CLR supports on foreign
+	// threads (lazy attach, preemptive between calls). The managed orchestrator
+	// (RunGuestThread / the main execution thread) parks in a preemptive wait for the
+	// duration of the run, so its own frame chain is never walked across guest frames.
+	private static readonly bool NativeGuestWorkersDisabled =
+		string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_NATIVE_GUEST_WORKERS"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+	private readonly object _nativeWorkerGate = new();
+	private readonly List<NativeGuestExecutor> _allNativeWorkers = new();
+	private readonly Stack<NativeGuestExecutor> _idleNativeWorkers = new();
+	private bool _nativeWorkersDisposed;
+	private int _nativeWorkerCreationFailedLogged;
+
+	// Runs an emitted guest entry stub. Preferred path is a pooled native worker
+	// thread; falls back to the historical inline calli (guest frames above this
+	// thread's managed frames) when workers are disabled or unavailable.
+	//
+	// Callers set the Active* thread-statics before emitting the stub and read the
+	// yield/forced-exit flags right after this returns, so the worker outcome is
+	// copied back into this thread's statics before returning.
+	private unsafe int RunGuestEntryStub(void* entryStub, ulong hostRspSlot)
+	{
+		var worker = RentNativeGuestExecutor();
+		if (worker is null)
+		{
+			_hostThreading.SetTlsValue(_hostRspSlotTlsIndex, (nint)hostRspSlot);
+			return CallNativeEntry(entryStub);
+		}
+		try
+		{
+			var state = _activeGuestThreadState;
+			var nativeReturn = worker.Run(
+				_activeCpuContext!,
+				state,
+				GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle,
+				_activeEntryReturnSentinelRip,
+				_activeGuestReturnSlotAddress,
+				(nint)hostRspSlot,
+				(nint)entryStub,
+				state?.AffinityMask ?? 0,
+				out var yieldRequested,
+				out var yieldReason,
+				out var forcedExit);
+			_activeGuestThreadYieldRequested = yieldRequested;
+			_activeGuestThreadYieldReason = yieldReason;
+			_activeForcedGuestExit = forcedExit;
+			return nativeReturn;
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			ReturnNativeGuestExecutor(worker);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private NativeGuestExecutor? RentNativeGuestExecutor()
+	{
+		if (NativeGuestWorkersDisabled)
+		{
+			return null;
+		}
+		lock (_nativeWorkerGate)
+		{
+			if (_nativeWorkersDisposed)
+			{
+				return null;
+			}
+			if (_idleNativeWorkers.Count > 0)
+			{
+				return _idleNativeWorkers.Pop();
+			}
+		}
+		var worker = NativeGuestExecutor.TryCreate(this);
+		if (worker is null)
+		{
+			if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _nativeWorkerCreationFailedLogged, 1) == 0)
+			{
+				Console.Error.WriteLine(
+					"[LOADER][WARN] Failed to create a native guest worker thread; falling back to inline guest execution.");
+			}
+			return null;
+		}
+		lock (_nativeWorkerGate)
+		{
+			if (_nativeWorkersDisposed)
+			{
+				worker.Dispose();
+				return null;
+			}
+			_allNativeWorkers.Add(worker);
+		}
+		return worker;
+	}
+
+	private void ReturnNativeGuestExecutor(NativeGuestExecutor worker)
+	{
+		lock (_nativeWorkerGate)
+		{
+			if (!_nativeWorkersDisposed)
+			{
+				_idleNativeWorkers.Push(worker);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		worker.Dispose();
+	}
+
+	private void DisposeNativeGuestExecutors()
+	{
+		NativeGuestExecutor[] workers;
+		lock (_nativeWorkerGate)
+		{
+			if (_nativeWorkersDisposed)
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+			_nativeWorkersDisposed = true;
+			workers = _allNativeWorkers.ToArray();
+			_allNativeWorkers.Clear();
+			_idleNativeWorkers.Clear();
+		}
+		foreach (var worker in workers)
+		{
+			worker.Dispose();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A pooled raw OS thread that executes guest entry stubs. The run loop is emitted
+	// native code (no CLR unwind info required — nothing ever unwinds through it):
+	//
+	//   loop: WaitForSingleObject(work);
+	//         if (*stopFlag) { SetEvent(done); ExitThread(0); }
+	//         rax = RunPrologue(self);      // managed: binds per-run ambient, returns stub
+	//         if (rax != 0) eax = rax();    // guest entry stub — zero managed frames below
+	//         RunEpilogue(self, eax);       // managed: captures outcome, restores ambient
+	//         SetEvent(done); goto loop;
+	//
+	// Workers carry no per-guest identity of their own: the prologue rebinds guest TLS,
+	// the host-RSP slot, the Active* thread-statics and the GuestThreadExecution ambient
+	// on every run, so a worker can be reused for any guest thread.
+	private sealed unsafe class NativeGuestExecutor : IDisposable
+	{
+		private const uint LoopStubSize = 512u;
+		private const uint WorkerStackReservation = 4u * 1024u * 1024u;
+
+		private static nint _waitForSingleObjectAddress;
+		private static nint _setEventAddress;
+		private static nint _exitThreadAddress;
+
+		private readonly DirectExecutionBackend _backend;
+		// Windows uses AutoResetEvent (its SafeWaitHandle is a real kernel
+		// event the emitted loop can wait on); POSIX uses worker-event
+		// semaphores shared the same way via PosixHostStubs.
+		private readonly AutoResetEvent? _workAvailable;
+		private readonly AutoResetEvent? _workCompleted;
+		private nint _workSemaphore;
+		private nint _doneSemaphore;
+
+		// RunPrologue/RunEpilogue compile to the host ABI (SysV on POSIX); the
+		// emitted loop calls them with Win64 registers, so POSIX routes the
+		// calls through register-shuffling thunks (shared by all workers).
+		private static nint _posixPrologueThunk;
+		private static nint _posixEpilogueThunk;
+		private static readonly object PosixThunkGate = new();
+		private GCHandle _selfHandle;
+		private void* _controlBlock;
+		private void* _loopStub;
+		private nint _threadHandle;
+		private uint _nativeThreadId;
+
+		// Single in-flight run; publication is ordered by the work/done event pair.
+		private CpuContext? _runContext;
+		private GuestThreadState? _runState;
+		private ulong _runGuestThreadHandle;
+		private ulong _runSentinelRip;
+		private ulong _runReturnSlotAddress;
+		private nint _runHostRspSlot;
+		private nint _runEntryStub;
+		private ulong _runAffinityMask;
+		private int _runNativeResult;
+		private bool _runYieldRequested;
+		private string? _runYieldReason;
+		private bool _runForcedExit;
+		private bool _runPrologueFailed;
+
+		// Prologue -> epilogue carry, only touched on the worker thread.
+		private DirectExecutionBackend? _prevBackend;
+		private CpuContext? _prevContext;
+		private ulong _prevSentinel;
+		private ulong _prevReturnSlot;
+		private bool _prevForcedExit;
+		private bool _prevYieldRequested;
+		private string? _prevYieldReason;
+		private GuestThreadState? _prevState;
+		private ulong _prevGuestThreadHandle;
+		private nint _prevHostRspSlot;
+		private int _prevHostThreadId;
+		private bool _entered;
+
+		private NativeGuestExecutor(DirectExecutionBackend backend)
+		{
+			_backend = backend;
+			if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+			{
+				_workAvailable = new AutoResetEvent(false);
+				_workCompleted = new AutoResetEvent(false);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public static NativeGuestExecutor? TryCreate(DirectExecutionBackend backend)
+		{
+			if (!EnsureHostRuntimeExports(backend._hostSymbols))
+			{
+				return null;
+			}
+			var executor = new NativeGuestExecutor(backend);
+			if (!executor.Initialize())
+			{
+				executor.Dispose();
+				return null;
+			}
+			return executor;
+		}
+
+		private static bool EnsureHostRuntimeExports(IHostSymbolResolver symbols)
+		{
+			if (_exitThreadAddress != 0)
+			{
+				return _waitForSingleObjectAddress != 0 && _setEventAddress != 0;
+			}
+			_waitForSingleObjectAddress = symbols.GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction.WaitForSingleObject);
+			_setEventAddress = symbols.GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction.SetEvent);
+			_exitThreadAddress = symbols.GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction.ExitThread);
+			return _waitForSingleObjectAddress != 0 && _setEventAddress != 0 && _exitThreadAddress != 0;
+		}
+
+		private bool Initialize()
+		{
+			_selfHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(this);
+			_controlBlock = (void*)_backend._hostMemory.Allocate(0, 4096u, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
+			if (_controlBlock == null)
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+			_loopStub = (void*)_backend._hostMemory.Allocate(0, LoopStubSize, HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+			if (_loopStub == null)
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			var prologuePtr = (nint)(delegate* unmanaged<nint, nint>)&RunPrologue;
+			var epiloguePtr = (nint)(delegate* unmanaged<nint, int, void>)&RunEpilogue;
+			var executorHandle = GCHandle.ToIntPtr(_selfHandle);
+			nint workHandle;
+			nint doneHandle;
+			if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+			{
+				workHandle = _workAvailable!.SafeWaitHandle.DangerousGetHandle();
+				doneHandle = _workCompleted!.SafeWaitHandle.DangerousGetHandle();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				lock (PosixThunkGate)
+				{
+					if (_posixPrologueThunk == 0)
+					{
+						_posixPrologueThunk = PosixHostStubs.CreateWin64ToSysVThunk(prologuePtr);
+						_posixEpilogueThunk = PosixHostStubs.CreateWin64ToSysVThunk(epiloguePtr);
+					}
+				}
+				prologuePtr = _posixPrologueThunk;
+				epiloguePtr = _posixEpilogueThunk;
+				_workSemaphore = PosixHostStubs.CreateWorkerEvent();
+				_doneSemaphore = PosixHostStubs.CreateWorkerEvent();
+				if (_workSemaphore == 0 || _doneSemaphore == 0)
+				{
+					return false;
+				}
+				workHandle = _workSemaphore;
+				doneHandle = _doneSemaphore;
+			}
+
+			byte* code = (byte*)_loopStub;
+			int offset = 0;
+			void Emit(byte value) => code[offset++] = value;
+			void EmitMovRcxImm64(ulong value)
+			{
+				Emit(0x48); Emit(0xB9);
+				*(ulong*)(code + offset) = value;
+				offset += sizeof(ulong);
+			}
+			void EmitMovRaxImm64(ulong value)
+			{
+				Emit(0x48); Emit(0xB8);
+				*(ulong*)(code + offset) = value;
+				offset += sizeof(ulong);
+			}
+			void EmitCallRax()
+			{
+				Emit(0xFF); Emit(0xD0);
+			}
+			void EmitSetDoneEvent()
+			{
+				EmitMovRcxImm64((ulong)doneHandle);
+				EmitMovRaxImm64((ulong)_setEventAddress);
+				EmitCallRax();
+			}
+
+			// Thread entry leaves RSP ≡ 8 (mod 16); after this every call below happens
+			// at RSP ≡ 0 with shadow space available.
+			Emit(0x48); Emit(0x83); Emit(0xEC); Emit(0x28); // sub rsp, 0x28
+			int loopStart = offset;
+			EmitMovRcxImm64((ulong)workHandle);
+			Emit(0xBA);                                     // mov edx, INFINITE
+			*(uint*)(code + offset) = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+			offset += sizeof(uint);
+			EmitMovRaxImm64((ulong)_waitForSingleObjectAddress);
+			EmitCallRax();
+			EmitMovRaxImm64((ulong)_controlBlock);
+			Emit(0x83); Emit(0x38); Emit(0x00);             // cmp dword [rax], 0
+			Emit(0x0F); Emit(0x85);                         // jne stop
+			int stopJump = offset;
+			offset += sizeof(int);
+			EmitMovRcxImm64((ulong)executorHandle);
+			EmitMovRaxImm64((ulong)prologuePtr);
+			EmitCallRax();                                  // rax = entry stub, or 0 on failure
+			Emit(0x48); Emit(0x85); Emit(0xC0);             // test rax, rax
+			Emit(0x0F); Emit(0x84);                         // je skipEntry
+			int skipJump = offset;
+			offset += sizeof(int);
+			EmitCallRax();                                  // guest entry stub -> eax
+			int skipEntryOffset = offset;
+			Emit(0x89); Emit(0xC2);                         // mov edx, eax
+			EmitMovRcxImm64((ulong)executorHandle);
+			EmitMovRaxImm64((ulong)epiloguePtr);
+			EmitCallRax();
+			EmitSetDoneEvent();
+			Emit(0xE9);                                     // jmp loop
+			*(int*)(code + offset) = loopStart - (offset + sizeof(int));
+			offset += sizeof(int);
+			int stopOffset = offset;
+			// Signal done so a Run() racing teardown cannot park forever; a stopped
+			// worker is never re-rented, so the stale signal is unobservable.
+			EmitSetDoneEvent();
+			Emit(0x31); Emit(0xC9);                         // xor ecx, ecx
+			EmitMovRaxImm64((ulong)_exitThreadAddress);
+			EmitCallRax();
+			Emit(0xCC);                                     // int3 (ExitThread never returns)
+			*(int*)(code + stopJump) = stopOffset - (stopJump + sizeof(int));
+			*(int*)(code + skipJump) = skipEntryOffset - (skipJump + sizeof(int));
+
+			uint oldProtect = 0;
+			if (!_backend._hostMemory.Protect((ulong)_loopStub, LoopStubSize, HostPageProtection.ReadExecute, out oldProtect))
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+			_backend._hostMemory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)_loopStub, LoopStubSize);
+			_threadHandle = _backend._hostThreading.CreateNativeThread(
+				(nint)_loopStub,
+				0,
+				WorkerStackReservation,
+				out _nativeThreadId);
+			if (_threadHandle == 0)
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+			if (LogThreadMode)
+			{
+				TraceThreadMode($"worker_created native_tid={_nativeThreadId} loop=0x{(ulong)_loopStub:X16}");
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		public int Run(
+			CpuContext context,
+			GuestThreadState? state,
+			ulong guestThreadHandle,
+			ulong sentinelRip,
+			ulong returnSlotAddress,
+			nint hostRspSlot,
+			nint entryStub,
+			ulong affinityMask,
+			out bool yieldRequested,
+			out string? yieldReason,
+			out bool forcedExit)
+		{
+			_runContext = context;
+			_runState = state;
+			_runGuestThreadHandle = guestThreadHandle;
+			_runSentinelRip = sentinelRip;
+			_runReturnSlotAddress = returnSlotAddress;
+			_runHostRspSlot = hostRspSlot;
+			_runEntryStub = entryStub;
+			_runAffinityMask = affinityMask;
+			_runPrologueFailed = true;
+			_runYieldRequested = false;
+			_runYieldReason = null;
+			_runForcedExit = false;
+			SignalWorkAvailable();
+			WaitWorkCompleted();
+			_runContext = null;
+			_runState = null;
+			yieldRequested = _runYieldRequested;
+			yieldReason = _runYieldReason;
+			forcedExit = _runForcedExit;
+			if (_runPrologueFailed)
+			{
+				throw new InvalidOperationException("Native guest worker failed to bind the run ambient (prologue fault)");
+			}
+			return _runNativeResult;
+		}
+
+		private void SignalWorkAvailable()
+		{
+			if (_workAvailable is not null)
+			{
+				_workAvailable.Set();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			_ = PosixHostStubs.SignalWorkerEvent(_workSemaphore);
+		}
+
+		private void WaitWorkCompleted()
+		{
+			if (_workCompleted is not null)
+			{
+				_workCompleted.WaitOne();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			_ = PosixHostStubs.WaitWorkerEvent(_doneSemaphore, -1);
+		}
+
+		[UnmanagedCallersOnly]
+		private static nint RunPrologue(nint executorHandle)
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				var executor = (NativeGuestExecutor)GCHandle.FromIntPtr(executorHandle).Target!;
+				return executor.EnterRun();
+			}
+			catch (Exception ex)
+			{
+				try
+				{
+					Console.Error.WriteLine(
+						$"[LOADER][ERROR] Native guest worker prologue failed: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
+				}
+				catch
+				{
+				}
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		[UnmanagedCallersOnly]
+		private static void RunEpilogue(nint executorHandle, int nativeResult)
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				var executor = (NativeGuestExecutor)GCHandle.FromIntPtr(executorHandle).Target!;
+				executor.ExitRun(nativeResult);
+			}
+			catch (Exception ex)
+			{
+				try
+				{
+					Console.Error.WriteLine(
+						$"[LOADER][ERROR] Native guest worker epilogue failed: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
+				}
+				catch
+				{
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		private nint EnterRun()
+		{
+			var backend = _backend;
+			_prevBackend = _activeExecutionBackend;
+			_prevContext = _activeCpuContext;
+			_prevSentinel = _activeEntryReturnSentinelRip;
+			_prevReturnSlot = _activeGuestReturnSlotAddress;
+			_prevForcedExit = _activeForcedGuestExit;
+			_prevYieldRequested = _activeGuestThreadYieldRequested;
+			_prevYieldReason = _activeGuestThreadYieldReason;
+			_prevState = _activeGuestThreadState;
+			_prevHostRspSlot = backend._hostThreading.GetTlsValue(backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex);
+			_prevGuestThreadHandle = GuestThreadExecution.EnterGuestThread(_runGuestThreadHandle);
+			_entered = true;
+			_activeExecutionBackend = backend;
+			_activeCpuContext = _runContext;
+			_activeEntryReturnSentinelRip = _runSentinelRip;
+			_activeGuestReturnSlotAddress = _runReturnSlotAddress;
+			_activeForcedGuestExit = false;
+			_activeGuestThreadYieldRequested = false;
+			_activeGuestThreadYieldReason = null;
+			_activeGuestThreadState = _runState;
+			backend.BindTlsBase(_runContext!);
+			backend._hostThreading.SetTlsValue(backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _runHostRspSlot);
+			if (_runState is { } state)
+			{
+				_prevHostThreadId = Volatile.Read(ref state.HostThreadId);
+				Volatile.Write(ref state.HostThreadId, unchecked((int)backend._hostThreading.CurrentThreadId));
+			}
+			if (_runAffinityMask != 0)
+			{
+				backend.ApplyGuestThreadAffinity(_runAffinityMask);
+			}
+			_runPrologueFailed = false;
+			if (LogThreadMode)
+			{
+				TraceThreadMode(
+					$"worker_enter guest=0x{_runGuestThreadHandle:X16} stub=0x{(ulong)_runEntryStub:X16}");
+			}
+			return _runEntryStub;
+		}
+
+		private void ExitRun(int nativeResult)
+		{
+			_runNativeResult = nativeResult;
+			_runYieldRequested = _activeGuestThreadYieldRequested;
+			_runYieldReason = _activeGuestThreadYieldReason;
+			_runForcedExit = _activeForcedGuestExit;
+			if (!_entered)
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+			_entered = false;
+			if (_runState is { } state)
+			{
+				Volatile.Write(ref state.HostThreadId, _prevHostThreadId);
+			}
+			_backend._hostThreading.SetTlsValue(_backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _prevHostRspSlot);
+			GuestThreadExecution.RestoreGuestThread(_prevGuestThreadHandle);
+			_activeExecutionBackend = _prevBackend;
+			_activeCpuContext = _prevContext;
+			_activeEntryReturnSentinelRip = _prevSentinel;
+			_activeGuestReturnSlotAddress = _prevReturnSlot;
+			_activeForcedGuestExit = _prevForcedExit;
+			_activeGuestThreadYieldRequested = _prevYieldRequested;
+			_activeGuestThreadYieldReason = _prevYieldReason;
+			_activeGuestThreadState = _prevState;
+			_prevBackend = null;
+			_prevContext = null;
+			_prevState = null;
+			_prevYieldReason = null;
+			if (LogThreadMode)
+			{
+				TraceThreadMode(
+					$"worker_exit guest=0x{_runGuestThreadHandle:X16} result=0x{nativeResult:X8} yield={_runYieldRequested}");
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (_controlBlock != null)
+			{
+				*(int*)_controlBlock = 1;
+			}
+			try
+			{
+				SignalWorkAvailable();
+			}
+			catch (ObjectDisposedException)
+			{
+			}
+			var exited = _threadHandle == 0;
+			if (_threadHandle != 0)
+			{
+				exited = _backend._hostThreading.WaitForThreadExit(_threadHandle, 1000u);
+				_backend._hostThreading.CloseThreadHandle(_threadHandle);
+				_threadHandle = 0;
+			}
+			if (!exited)
+			{
+				// The worker is still parked in guest code (teardown should have unwound
+				// it first). Leak the stub, control block, events and GC handle rather
+				// than have the thread execute freed memory.
+				Console.Error.WriteLine(
+					$"[LOADER][WARN] Native guest worker tid={_nativeThreadId} did not stop; leaking its run loop.");
+				return;
+			}
+			if (_loopStub != null)
+			{
+				_backend._hostMemory.Free((ulong)_loopStub);
+				_loopStub = null;
+			}
+			if (_controlBlock != null)
+			{
+				_backend._hostMemory.Free((ulong)_controlBlock);
+				_controlBlock = null;
+			}
+			if (_selfHandle.IsAllocated)
+			{
+				_selfHandle.Free();
+			}
+			_workAvailable?.Dispose();
+			_workCompleted?.Dispose();
+			if (_workSemaphore != 0)
+			{
+				PosixHostStubs.DestroyWorkerEvent(_workSemaphore);
+				_workSemaphore = 0;
+			}
+			if (_doneSemaphore != 0)
+			{
+				PosixHostStubs.DestroyWorkerEvent(_doneSemaphore);
+				_doneSemaphore = 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.PosixSignals.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
+
+public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend
+{
+	// POSIX bridge for the Windows vectored-exception-handler logic. A
+	// sigaction(SIGSEGV/SIGBUS/SIGILL) handler rebuilds the EXCEPTION_POINTERS
+	// view the shared handlers expect (Win64 CONTEXT register offsets) from
+	// the signal's mcontext, runs the same recovery chain the VEH path uses
+	// (unresolved-import trap sentinels, demand-paging of lazily-committed
+	// guest pages, fault diagnostics), and writes register changes back into
+	// the mcontext so sigreturn resumes the repaired guest. Unrecovered
+	// faults are forwarded to the previously installed handler so the .NET
+	// runtime keeps turning its own faults into managed exceptions.
+
+	private const int PosixSigIll = 4;
+	private const int PosixSigSegv = 11;
+	private static readonly int PosixSigBus = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 10 : 7;
+
+	// struct sigaction: the handler pointer leads on both platforms; Darwin
+	// packs { handler(8), mask(4), flags(4) }, Linux glibc/musl packs
+	// { handler(8), mask(128), flags(4), restorer(8) }.
+	private static readonly int PosixSigactionSize = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 16 : 152;
+	private static readonly int PosixSigactionFlagsOffset = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 12 : 136;
+
+	private static readonly int PosixSaSigInfo = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0x0040 : 0x0004;
+	private static readonly int PosixSaNoDefer = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0x0010 : 0x40000000;
+
+	// siginfo_t.si_addr: Darwin { signo, errno, code, pid, uid, status, addr },
+	// Linux { signo, errno, code, pad32, addr }.
+	private static readonly int PosixSigInfoAddressOffset = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 24 : 16;
+
+	// Darwin ucontext_t stores a pointer to __darwin_mcontext64 at +48; the
+	// general registers live in its __ss thread state after the 16-byte
+	// exception state. Linux glibc embeds mcontext_t inline at +40 with the
+	// registers in gregs[23]. Rosetta 2 delivers the regular x86-64 layout
+	// to translated processes.
+	private const int DarwinUcontextMcontextOffset = 48;
+	private const int DarwinMcontextErrOffset = 4;
+	private const int DarwinMcontextFaultAddressOffset = 8;
+	private const int LinuxUcontextGregsOffset = 40;
+	private const int LinuxGregsErrOffset = 19 * 8;
+
+	// Byte offsets of the general registers relative to GetPosixRegisterBase,
+	// ordered to match the contiguous Win64 CONTEXT block CTX_RAX..CTX_RIP
+	// (rax, rcx, rdx, rbx, rsp, rbp, rsi, rdi, r8..r15, rip). Verified
+	// against the x86-64 platform headers.
+	private static readonly int[] PosixRegisterOffsets = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+		? new[] { 16, 32, 40, 24, 72, 64, 56, 48, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 136, 144 }
+		: new[] { 104, 112, 96, 88, 120, 80, 72, 64, 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 128 };
+
+	private static DirectExecutionBackend? _posixSignalBackend;
+	private static bool _posixSignalHandlersInstalled;
+	private static bool _posixRawRecoveryEnabled;
+	private static bool _posixSignalWarmup;
+	private static readonly nint[] _posixPreviousActions = new nint[32];
+	private static int _posixSignalTraceCount;
+
+	[ThreadStatic]
+	private static int _posixSignalHandlerDepth;
+
+	private void SetupPosixExceptionHandler()
+	{
+		if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_POSIX_SIGNALS"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARN] POSIX signal exception bridge disabled by SHARPEMU_DISABLE_POSIX_SIGNALS=1; guest faults will not be recovered.");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalBackend = this;
+		if (_posixSignalHandlersInstalled)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		_posixRawRecoveryEnabled = !string.Equals(
+			Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_RAW_HANDLER"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+		if (!_posixRawRecoveryEnabled)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Raw sentinel recovery disabled by SHARPEMU_DISABLE_RAW_HANDLER=1");
+		}
+
+		WarmUpPosixSignalPath();
+
+		if (!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigSegv) ||
+			!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigBus) ||
+			!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigIll))
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to install POSIX fault signal handlers");
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalHandlersInstalled = true;
+		Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] POSIX signal exception bridge installed (SIGSEGV/SIGBUS/SIGILL)");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Runs the signal-recovery path once with fabricated inputs before the
+	/// handlers are installed. The first entry into the handler must not
+	/// require JIT compilation (a fault can interrupt arbitrary runtime
+	/// states), and under Rosetta 2 the signal trampoline cannot enter x86
+	/// code that has never been executed (and therefore never translated): a
+	/// cold handler is silently never invoked and the faulting instruction
+	/// retries forever.
+	/// </summary>
+	private void WarmUpPosixSignalPath()
+	{
+		byte* fakeUcontext = stackalloc byte[512];
+		new Span<byte>(fakeUcontext, 512).Clear();
+		byte* fakeMcontext = stackalloc byte[512];
+		new Span<byte>(fakeMcontext, 512).Clear();
+		if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+		{
+			*(byte**)(fakeUcontext + DarwinUcontextMcontextOffset) = fakeMcontext;
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalWarmup = true;
+		try
+		{
+			((delegate* unmanaged<int, nint, nint, void>)&HandlePosixSignal)(PosixSigSegv, 0, (nint)fakeUcontext);
+
+			// Warm the branches the fabricated fault above skips without
+			// spamming diagnostics: the benign-exception path through
+			// VectoredHandler, the lazy-commit probe (fault address 0 bails
+			// out immediately), and the chain helper (signal 0 has no saved
+			// action and sigaction(0, ...) fails with EINVAL).
+			EXCEPTION_RECORD record = default;
+			record.ExceptionCode = DBG_PRINTEXCEPTION_C;
+			byte* contextRecord = stackalloc byte[Win64ContextOffsets.Size];
+			new Span<byte>(contextRecord, Win64ContextOffsets.Size).Clear();
+			EXCEPTION_POINTERS pointers;
+			pointers.ExceptionRecord = &record;
+			pointers.ContextRecord = contextRecord;
+			_ = VectoredHandler(&pointers);
+
+			record.ExceptionCode = 3221225477u;
+			record.NumberParameters = 2;
+			// 0x70000 is never guest-owned, so this walks the vmem region
+			// scan and the PRT range check, then bails out silently.
+			record.ExceptionInformation[1] = 0x70000;
+			_ = TryHandleLazyCommittedPage(&record, 0, 0);
+			ChainPreviousPosixAction(0, 0, 0);
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			_posixSignalWarmup = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static bool InstallPosixSignalHandler(int signal)
+	{
+		byte* action = stackalloc byte[PosixSigactionSize];
+		new Span<byte>(action, PosixSigactionSize).Clear();
+		*(nint*)action = (nint)(delegate* unmanaged<int, nint, nint, void>)&HandlePosixSignal;
+		// No SA_ONSTACK: the runtime's alternate stacks are far too small for
+		// the recovery/diagnostic path (JIT compilation of cold handler code
+		// can run inside the signal frame). Guest faults deliver onto the 2MB
+		// guest stack, host faults onto the regular thread stack — the same
+		// stacks Windows dispatches exceptions on.
+		*(int*)(action + PosixSigactionFlagsOffset) = PosixSaSigInfo | PosixSaNoDefer;
+
+		var previous = (byte*)NativeMemory.AllocZeroed((nuint)PosixSigactionSize);
+		if (sigaction(signal, action, previous) != 0)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Free(previous);
+			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] sigaction({signal}) failed: errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		_posixPreviousActions[signal] = (nint)previous;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	[UnmanagedCallersOnly]
+	private static void HandlePosixSignal(int signal, nint siginfo, nint ucontext)
+	{
+		if (_posixSignalHandlerDepth > 0)
+		{
+			// A fault inside our own fault handler (diagnostics touched an
+			// unmapped address): restore the default action and return so the
+			// re-executed instruction terminates the process.
+			RestoreDefaultPosixAction(signal);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalHandlerDepth++;
+		try
+		{
+			if (TryHandlePosixFault(signal, siginfo, ucontext))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		catch
+		{
+			// A managed exception must never unwind out of a signal frame.
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			_posixSignalHandlerDepth--;
+		}
+
+		ChainPreviousPosixAction(signal, siginfo, ucontext);
+	}
+
+	private static bool TryHandlePosixFault(int signal, nint siginfo, nint ucontext)
+	{
+		byte* registers = GetPosixRegisterBase(ucontext);
+		if (registers == null)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		byte* contextRecord = stackalloc byte[Win64ContextOffsets.Size];
+		new Span<byte>(contextRecord, Win64ContextOffsets.Size).Clear();
+		int[] offsets = PosixRegisterOffsets;
+		for (int i = 0; i < offsets.Length; i++)
+		{
+			WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RAX + i * 8, *(ulong*)(registers + offsets[i]));
+		}
+
+		EXCEPTION_RECORD record = default;
+		record.ExceptionAddress = (void*)ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP);
+		if (signal == PosixSigIll)
+		{
+			record.ExceptionCode = 3221225501u;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			ulong faultAddress = GetPosixFaultAddress(siginfo, registers);
+			record.ExceptionCode = 3221225477u;
+			record.NumberParameters = 2;
+			record.ExceptionInformation[0] = GetPosixAccessType(registers, faultAddress, ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP));
+			record.ExceptionInformation[1] = faultAddress;
+		}
+
+		EXCEPTION_POINTERS pointers;
+		pointers.ExceptionRecord = &record;
+		pointers.ContextRecord = contextRecord;
+
+		int traceIndex = _posixSignalWarmup ? 0 : Interlocked.Increment(ref _posixSignalTraceCount);
+		bool traceSignal = traceIndex > 0 && (traceIndex <= 16 || traceIndex % 1024 == 0 ||
+			string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_POSIX_SIGNALS"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+		if (traceSignal)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][TRACE] posix-signal#{traceIndex}: sig={signal} rip=0x{ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP):X16} " +
+				$"fault=0x{record.ExceptionInformation[1]:X16} access={record.ExceptionInformation[0]} rsp=0x{ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP):X16}");
+			Console.Error.Flush();
+		}
+
+		// Sentinel recovery runs first: on Windows both vectored handlers see
+		// every fault anyway, and recovering here avoids dumping the full
+		// VectoredHandler diagnostics for each recoverable trap.
+		int disposition = 0;
+		if (_posixRawRecoveryEnabled)
+		{
+			disposition = TryRecoverUnresolvedSentinel(&pointers);
+		}
+		if (disposition != -1 && !_posixSignalWarmup && _posixSignalBackend is { } backend)
+		{
+			disposition = backend.VectoredHandler(&pointers);
+		}
+		if (traceSignal)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][TRACE] posix-signal#{traceIndex}: recovered={disposition == -1} new_rip=0x{ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP):X16}");
+			Console.Error.Flush();
+		}
+		if (disposition != -1 && !_posixSignalWarmup)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < offsets.Length; i++)
+		{
+			*(ulong*)(registers + offsets[i]) = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RAX + i * 8);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	private static byte* GetPosixRegisterBase(nint ucontext)
+	{
+		if (ucontext == 0)
+		{
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+		{
+			return *(byte**)((byte*)ucontext + DarwinUcontextMcontextOffset);
+		}
+
+		return (byte*)ucontext + LinuxUcontextGregsOffset;
+	}
+
+	private static ulong GetPosixFaultAddress(nint siginfo, byte* registers)
+	{
+		ulong address = siginfo != 0 ? *(ulong*)((byte*)siginfo + PosixSigInfoAddressOffset) : 0;
+		if (address == 0 && OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+		{
+			address = *(ulong*)(registers + DarwinMcontextFaultAddressOffset);
+		}
+
+		return address;
+	}
+
+	private static ulong GetPosixAccessType(byte* registers, ulong faultAddress, ulong rip)
+	{
+		// x86 page-fault error code: bit 1 = write access, bit 4 = instruction
+		// fetch. Fall back to comparing the fault address against RIP when
+		// the error code is not populated (e.g. under Rosetta 2 translation).
+		ulong error = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+			? *(uint*)(registers + DarwinMcontextErrOffset)
+			: *(ulong*)(registers + LinuxGregsErrOffset);
+		if ((error & 0x10) != 0)
+		{
+			return 8;
+		}
+		if ((error & 0x2) != 0)
+		{
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		return faultAddress != 0 && faultAddress == rip ? 8u : 0u;
+	}
+
+	private static void RestoreDefaultPosixAction(int signal)
+	{
+		byte* action = stackalloc byte[PosixSigactionSize];
+		new Span<byte>(action, PosixSigactionSize).Clear();
+		_ = sigaction(signal, action, null);
+	}
+
+	private static void ChainPreviousPosixAction(int signal, nint siginfo, nint ucontext)
+	{
+		byte* previous = (uint)signal < (uint)_posixPreviousActions.Length
+			? (byte*)_posixPreviousActions[signal]
+			: null;
+		nint handler = previous != null ? *(nint*)previous : 0;
+		if (handler == 0)
+		{
+			// SIG_DFL (or nothing saved): reinstate the default action and
+			// return, so re-executing the faulting instruction terminates the
+			// process with the original fault context intact.
+			RestoreDefaultPosixAction(signal);
+			return;
+		}
+		if (handler == 1)
+		{
+			// SIG_IGN
+			return;
+		}
+
+		int flags = *(int*)(previous + PosixSigactionFlagsOffset);
+		if ((flags & PosixSaSigInfo) != 0)
+		{
+			((delegate* unmanaged<int, nint, nint, void>)handler)(signal, siginfo, ucontext);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			((delegate* unmanaged<int, void>)handler)(signal);
+		}
+	}
+
+	[DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+	private static extern int sigaction(int signum, void* act, void* oldact);
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/NullHostFaultHandling.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Placeholder for hosts whose fault bridge is installed directly by the
+/// execution backend. POSIX uses its sigaction bridge and never calls these
+/// Windows-shaped registration methods.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class NullHostFaultHandling : IHostFaultHandling
+{
+    public static NullHostFaultHandling Instance { get; } = new();
+
+    private NullHostFaultHandling()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public nint CreateHandlerThunk(nint managedCallback, uint hostRspSwitchTlsSlot, nint tlsGetValueAddress)
+    {
+        _ = managedCallback;
+        _ = hostRspSwitchTlsSlot;
+        _ = tlsGetValueAddress;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    public void FreeThunk(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = thunk;
+    }
+
+    public nint AddFirstChanceHandler(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = thunk;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    public void RemoveHandler(nint handle)
+    {
+        _ = handle;
+    }
+
+    public void SetUnhandledFilter(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = thunk;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/StubManager.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
 
@@ -11,17 +12,15 @@ public sealed unsafe class StubManager : IDisposable
     private readonly List<nint> _allocatedStubs = new();
     private readonly Dictionary<string, nint> _importHandlers = new();
     private readonly Dictionary<ulong, nint> _stubAddresses = new();
+    private readonly IHostMemory _hostMemory;
     private byte* _pltMemory;
     private int _pltOffset;
     private const int PltMemorySize = 1024 * 1024; // 1MB for stubs
 
-    public StubManager()
+    public StubManager(IHostMemory? hostMemory = null)
     {
-        _pltMemory = (byte*)VirtualAlloc(
-            null,
-            (nuint)PltMemorySize,
-            AllocationType.Reserve | AllocationType.Commit,
-            MemoryProtection.ExecuteReadWrite);
+        _hostMemory = hostMemory ?? HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+        _pltMemory = (byte*)_hostMemory.Allocate(0, PltMemorySize, HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
 
         if (_pltMemory == null)
         {
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class StubManager : IDisposable
     {
         if (_pltMemory != null)
         {
-            VirtualFree(_pltMemory, 0, FreeType.Release);
+            _hostMemory.Free((ulong)_pltMemory);
             _pltMemory = null;
         }
 
@@ -194,29 +193,5 @@ public sealed unsafe class StubManager : IDisposable
         _stubAddresses.Clear();
     }
 
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    private static extern void* VirtualAlloc(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, AllocationType flAllocationType, MemoryProtection flProtect);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    private static extern bool VirtualFree(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, FreeType dwFreeType);
-
-    [Flags]
-    private enum AllocationType : uint
-    {
-        Commit = 0x1000,
-        Reserve = 0x2000,
-    }
-
-    [Flags]
-    private enum MemoryProtection : uint
-    {
-        ExecuteReadWrite = 0x40,
-    }
-
-    private enum FreeType : uint
-    {
-        Release = 0x8000,
-    }
-
     public delegate void ImportHandler(CpuContext context);
 }

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/Windows/Win64ContextOffsets.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Byte offsets into the Win64 CONTEXT record delivered to vectored exception
+/// handlers. The handlers read/write guest registers directly at these offsets
+/// (no managed CONTEXT struct exists); a future POSIX backend gets a sibling
+/// class for its mcontext layout.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class Win64ContextOffsets
+{
+    public const int Size = 0x4D0;
+    public const int Mxcsr = 52;
+    public const int Rax = 120;
+    public const int Rcx = 128;
+    public const int Rdx = 136;
+    public const int Rbx = 144;
+    public const int Rsp = 152;
+    public const int Rbp = 160;
+    public const int Rsi = 168;
+    public const int Rdi = 176;
+    public const int R8 = 184;
+    public const int R9 = 192;
+    public const int R10 = 200;
+    public const int R11 = 208;
+    public const int R12 = 216;
+    public const int R13 = 224;
+    public const int R14 = 232;
+    public const int R15 = 240;
+    public const int Rip = 248;
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/Windows/WindowsFaultCodes.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Windows NTSTATUS exception codes and EXCEPTION_RECORD access-type values the
+/// fault handlers filter on. Values are the same numbers the handlers previously
+/// compared as bare literals; only the spelling changed.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class WindowsFaultCodes
+{
+    public const uint AccessViolation = 0xC0000005u;         // 3221225477
+    public const uint Breakpoint = 0x80000003u;              // 2147483651
+    public const uint IllegalInstruction = 0xC000001Du;      // 3221225501
+    public const uint FastFail = 0xC0000409u;                // 3221226505
+    public const uint StackOverflow = 0xC00000FDu;
+    public const uint ClrManagedException = 0xE0434352u;
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RECORD.ExceptionInformation[0] for access violations.
+    public const ulong AccessRead = 0;
+    public const ulong AccessWrite = 1;
+    public const ulong AccessExecute = 8;
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/Windows/WindowsFaultHandling.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Vectored-exception-handler installation and the handler pre-filter thunk.
+/// The thunk is inherently Windows-shaped (TEB stack-limit reads via gs:,
+/// NTSTATUS pre-filtering, Win64 calling convention) and moved here whole from
+/// DirectExecutionBackend; a POSIX backend supplies a sibling built around
+/// sigaction/sigaltstack instead.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe partial class WindowsFaultHandling : IHostFaultHandling
+{
+    private readonly IHostMemory _memory;
+
+    public WindowsFaultHandling(IHostMemory memory)
+    {
+        _memory = memory;
+    }
+
+    public nint CreateHandlerThunk(nint managedCallback, uint hostRspSwitchTlsSlot, nint tlsGetValueAddress)
+    {
+        const uint stubSize = 256u;
+        void* ptr = (void*)_memory.Allocate(0, stubSize, HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+        if (ptr == null)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        byte* code = (byte*)ptr;
+        int offset = 0;
+        // Native pre-filter: these exception codes are raised while the thread can be in
+        // cooperative GC mode (a C# throw is RaiseException(0xE0434352) on the throwing
+        // thread; FailFast/stack-overflow arrive mid-runtime-failure). Entering the managed
+        // handler then trips the CLR's reverse-P/Invoke check and kills the process with
+        // "Invalid Program: attempted to call a UnmanagedCallersOnly method from managed
+        // code" — this is why no managed throw (even one with a catch handler) ever
+        // survived inside the emulator. Continue the handler search without touching
+        // managed code; the CLR's own VEH handles its exceptions. MSVC C++ exceptions
+        // (Vulkan drivers, host CRT) are excluded too: the managed handler only ever
+        // returned CONTINUE_SEARCH for them.
+        ReadOnlySpan<uint> nonManagedExceptionCodes =
+            [WindowsFaultCodes.ClrManagedException, 0xE06D7363u, WindowsFaultCodes.FastFail, WindowsFaultCodes.StackOverflow];
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x8B); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x01); // mov rax, [rcx] (ExceptionRecord*)
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x8B); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x00);                                   // mov eax, [rax] (ExceptionCode)
+        var passJumpOffsets = stackalloc int[nonManagedExceptionCodes.Length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < nonManagedExceptionCodes.Length; i++)
+        {
+            EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x3D);                                                                 // cmp eax, imm32
+            EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, nonManagedExceptionCodes[i]);
+            EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x74);                                                                 // je pass
+            passJumpOffsets[i] = offset;
+            EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x00);
+        }
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xEB); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x03);                                   // jmp over pass block
+        int passOffset = offset;
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x31); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC0);                                   // pass: xor eax, eax (EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH)
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC3);                                                                     // ret
+        for (int i = 0; i < nonManagedExceptionCodes.Length; i++)
+        {
+            code[passJumpOffsets[i]] = checked((byte)(passOffset - (passJumpOffsets[i] + 1)));
+        }
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x41); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x54); // push r12
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x41); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x55); // push r13
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x49); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x89); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xE4); // mov r12, rsp
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x49); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x89); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xCD); // mov r13, rcx
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x65); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); // mov rax, gs:[8]
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x8B); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x04); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x25);
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 8u);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x49); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x39); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC4); // cmp r12, rax
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x0F); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x83); // jae guestStack
+        int aboveStackJump = offset;
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 0u);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x65); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); // mov rax, gs:[0x10]
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x8B); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x04); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x25);
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 0x10u);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x49); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x39); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC4); // cmp r12, rax
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x0F); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x82); // jb guestStack
+        int belowStackJump = offset;
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 0u);
+
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x83); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xEC); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x28);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x4C); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x89); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xE9); // mov rcx, r13
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xB8);
+        *(nint*)(code + offset) = managedCallback;
+        offset += sizeof(nint);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xFF); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xD0);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x83); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC4); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x28);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xE9);
+        int hostRestoreJump = offset;
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 0u);
+
+        int guestStackOffset = offset;
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x83); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xEC); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x28);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xB9);
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, hostRspSwitchTlsSlot);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xB8);
+        *(nint*)(code + offset) = tlsGetValueAddress;
+        offset += sizeof(nint);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xFF); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xD0);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x83); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC4); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x28);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x85); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC0); // test rax, rax
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x0F); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x84);
+        int missingTlsJump = offset;
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 0u);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x4C); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x8B); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x18); // mov r11, [rax]
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x4D); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x85); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xDB); // test r11, r11
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x0F); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x84);
+        int missingHostStackJump = offset;
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 0u);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x4C); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x89); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xDC); // mov rsp, r11
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x83); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xEC); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x28);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x4C); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x89); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xE9); // mov rcx, r13
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xB8);
+        *(nint*)(code + offset) = managedCallback;
+        offset += sizeof(nint);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xFF); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xD0);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x48); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x83); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC4); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x28);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xE9);
+        int guestRestoreJump = offset;
+        EmitUInt32(code, ref offset, 0u);
+
+        int passThroughOffset = offset;
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x31); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC0); // xor eax, eax
+        int restoreOffset = offset;
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x4C); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x89); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xE4); // mov rsp, r12
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x41); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x5D);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x41); EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0x5C);
+        EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC3);
+
+        *(int*)(code + aboveStackJump) = guestStackOffset - (aboveStackJump + sizeof(int));
+        *(int*)(code + belowStackJump) = guestStackOffset - (belowStackJump + sizeof(int));
+        *(int*)(code + hostRestoreJump) = restoreOffset - (hostRestoreJump + sizeof(int));
+        *(int*)(code + missingTlsJump) = passThroughOffset - (missingTlsJump + sizeof(int));
+        *(int*)(code + missingHostStackJump) = passThroughOffset - (missingHostStackJump + sizeof(int));
+        *(int*)(code + guestRestoreJump) = restoreOffset - (guestRestoreJump + sizeof(int));
+
+        if (!_memory.Protect((ulong)ptr, stubSize, HostPageProtection.ReadExecute, out _))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] VirtualProtect failed for exception handler trampoline at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}");
+            _ = _memory.Free((ulong)ptr);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        _memory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)ptr, (ulong)offset);
+        return (nint)ptr;
+    }
+
+    public void FreeThunk(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = _memory.Free((ulong)thunk);
+    }
+
+    public nint AddFirstChanceHandler(nint thunk)
+    {
+        return (nint)AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1u, thunk);
+    }
+
+    public void RemoveHandler(nint handle)
+    {
+        _ = RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler((void*)handle);
+    }
+
+    public void SetUnhandledFilter(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(thunk);
+    }
+
+    private static void EmitByte(byte* code, ref int offset, byte value)
+    {
+        code[offset++] = value;
+    }
+
+    private static void EmitUInt32(byte* code, ref int offset, uint value)
+    {
+        *(uint*)(code + offset) = value;
+        offset += sizeof(uint);
+    }
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial void* AddVectoredExceptionHandler(uint first, IntPtr handler);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial uint RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(void* handle);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial IntPtr SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(IntPtr lpTopLevelExceptionFilter);
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/TrackedCpuMemory.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;
 
-public sealed class TrackedCpuMemory : ICpuMemory, ITrackedCpuMemory, IGuestMemoryAllocator
+public sealed class TrackedCpuMemory : ICpuMemory, ITrackedCpuMemory, IGuestMemoryAllocator, ICpuMemoryWrapper
 {
     private readonly ICpuMemory _inner;
 
@@ -50,4 +50,9 @@ public sealed class TrackedCpuMemory : ICpuMemory, ITrackedCpuMemory, IGuestMemo
         address = 0;
         return false;
     }
+
+    public bool TryFreeGuestMemory(ulong address)
+    {
+        return _inner is IGuestMemoryAllocator allocator && allocator.TryFreeGuestMemory(address);
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Core/Loader/ParamLoader.cs

@@ -45,7 +45,13 @@ public static class Ps5ParamJsonReader
 
         try
         {
-            using var doc = JsonDocument.Parse(data);
+            ReadOnlyMemory<byte> json = data;
+            if (json.Span.StartsWith("\uFEFF"u8))
+            {
+                json = json[3..];
+            }
+
+            using var doc = JsonDocument.Parse(json);
             return TryReadPs5Param(doc.RootElement);
         }
         catch (JsonException)
@@ -56,12 +62,15 @@ public static class Ps5ParamJsonReader
 
     private static (string? Title, string? TitleId, string? Version) TryReadPs5Param(JsonElement root)
     {
-        string? titleId = root.TryGetProperty("titleId", out var eTid) ? eTid.GetString() : null;
+        if (root.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.Object)
+            return (null, null, null);
+
+        var titleId = GetString(root, "titleId");
 
         string? ver =
-            (root.TryGetProperty("contentVersion", out var cv) ? cv.GetString() : null)
-            ?? (root.TryGetProperty("masterVersion", out var mv) ? mv.GetString() : null)
-            ?? (root.TryGetProperty("targetContentVersion", out var tv) ? tv.GetString() : null);
+            GetString(root, "contentVersion")
+            ?? GetString(root, "masterVersion")
+            ?? GetString(root, "targetContentVersion");
 
         string? title = ExtractTitleName(root);
 
@@ -70,34 +79,49 @@ public static class Ps5ParamJsonReader
 
     private static string? ExtractTitleName(JsonElement root)
     {
-        if (!root.TryGetProperty("localizedParameters", out var lp))
+        if ((!root.TryGetProperty("localizedParameters", out var lp) || lp.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.Object) &&
+            root.TryGetProperty("disc", out var disc) && disc.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
         {
-            if (root.TryGetProperty("disc", out var disc) && disc.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
-            {
-                disc.TryGetProperty("localizedParameters", out lp);
-            }
+            disc.TryGetProperty("localizedParameters", out lp);
         }
 
         if (lp.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.Object)
             return null;
 
-        string? defLang = lp.TryGetProperty("defaultLanguage", out var dl) ? dl.GetString() : null;
+        var defLang = GetString(lp, "defaultLanguage");
 
         if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(defLang))
         {
             if (lp.TryGetProperty(defLang, out var langObj) && langObj.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
             {
-                if (langObj.TryGetProperty("titleName", out var tn))
-                    return tn.GetString();
+                var title = GetString(langObj, "titleName");
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(title))
+                    return title;
             }
         }
 
         if (lp.TryGetProperty("en-US", out var en) && en.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
         {
-            if (en.TryGetProperty("titleName", out var tn2))
-                return tn2.GetString();
+            var title = GetString(en, "titleName");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(title))
+                return title;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var property in lp.EnumerateObject())
+        {
+            if (property.Value.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
+            {
+                var title = GetString(property.Value, "titleName");
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(title))
+                    return title;
+            }
         }
 
         return null;
     }
+
+    private static string? GetString(JsonElement parent, string propertyName) =>
+        parent.TryGetProperty(propertyName, out var value) && value.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String
+            ? value.GetString()
+            : null;
 }

src/SharpEmu.Core/Loader/SelfLoader.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
 {
     private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("Loader");
-    private const uint SelfMagic = 0x4F153D1D;
+    private const uint ElfMagic = 0x7F454C46;
+    private const uint Ps4SelfMagic  = 0x4F153D1D;
+    private const uint Ps5SelfMagic  = 0x5414F5EE;
     private const ulong SelfSegmentFlag = 0x800;
     private const int PageSize = 0x1000;
     private const ulong ImportStubBaseAddress = 0x0000_7000_0000_0000UL;
@@ -323,7 +325,8 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
             throw new InvalidDataException("Input image is too small to contain an ELF header.");
         }
 
-        if (imageData.Length >= sizeof(uint) && BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]) == SelfMagic)
+        var magic = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]);
+        if (magic is Ps4SelfMagic or Ps5SelfMagic)
         {
             var selfHeader = ReadUnmanaged<SelfHeader>(imageData, 0);
             if (!selfHeader.HasKnownLayout || selfHeader.Unknown != 0x22)
@@ -345,6 +348,12 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
             return new LoadContext(IsSelf: true, elfOffset, selfHeader.FileSize, segments);
         }
 
+        if (magic != ElfMagic)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException(
+                $"Unsupported executable signature 0x{magic:X8}");
+        }
+
         return new LoadContext(IsSelf: false, ElfOffset: 0, SelfFileSize: 0, Array.Empty<SelfSegment>());
     }
 
@@ -2380,10 +2389,14 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
         public ulong FileSize => _fileSize;
 
         public bool HasKnownLayout =>
-            _ident0 == 0x4F &&
-            _ident1 == 0x15 &&
-            _ident2 == 0x3D &&
-            _ident3 == 0x1D &&
+            ((_ident0 == 0x4F &&
+              _ident1 == 0x15 &&
+              _ident2 == 0x3D &&
+              _ident3 == 0x1D) ||
+             (_ident0 == 0x54 &&
+              _ident1 == 0x14 &&
+              _ident2 == 0xF5 &&
+              _ident3 == 0xEE)) &&
             _ident4 == 0x00 &&
             _ident5 == 0x01 &&
             _ident6 == 0x01 &&

src/SharpEmu.Core/Memory/PhysicalVirtualMemory.cs

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 using SharpEmu.Logging;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 
-public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryAllocator, IDisposable
+public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryAllocator, IGuestAddressSpace, IDisposable
 {
     private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("VMEM");
 
@@ -28,41 +29,27 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
     private const ulong DefaultLazyReservePrimeBytes = 0x0400_0000UL; // 64 MiB
     private const ulong LazyReservePrimeChunkBytes = 0x0200_0000UL; // 32 MiB
 
-    private const uint MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;
-    private const uint MEM_RESERVE = 0x2000;
-    private const uint MEM_RELEASE = 0x8000;
+    // Raw Windows PAGE_* values retained for the internal region/protection
+    // bookkeeping: regions and saved old-protection values always carry the raw
+    // value of the host platform in use, and these classification helpers only
+    // ever see values this class itself assigned (see IHostMemory.ProtectRaw).
     private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READ = 0x20;
     private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;
     private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE = 0x10;
     private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY = 0x80;
-    private const uint PAGE_NOACCESS = 0x01;
     private const uint PAGE_READWRITE = 0x04;
     private const uint PAGE_READONLY = 0x02;
 
+    private readonly IHostMemory _hostMemory;
     private ulong _guestAllocationArenaBase;
-    private ulong _guestAllocationOffset;
+    private readonly SortedDictionary<ulong, ulong> _guestAllocationFreeRanges = new();
+    private readonly Dictionary<ulong, (ulong Offset, ulong Size)> _guestAllocations = new();
     private static readonly ulong LazyReservePrimeBytes = ResolveLazyReservePrimeBytes();
 
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    private static extern void* VirtualAlloc(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool VirtualFree(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint dwFreeType);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool VirtualProtect(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint flNewProtect, out uint lpflOldProtect);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
-    private static extern nuint VirtualQuery(void* lpAddress, out MemoryBasicInformation64 lpBuffer, nuint dwLength);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
-    private static extern void* GetCurrentProcess();
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool FlushInstructionCache(void* hProcess, void* lpBaseAddress, nuint dwSize);
+    public PhysicalVirtualMemory(IHostMemory? hostMemory = null)
+    {
+        _hostMemory = hostMemory ?? HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+    }
 
     public bool TryAllocateAtExact(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, bool executable, out ulong actualAddress)
     {
@@ -74,17 +61,17 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
         var alignedSize = (size + 0xFFF) & ~0xFFFUL;
         var protection = executable ? PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE : PAGE_READWRITE;
-        var allocationType = MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE;
-        var result = VirtualAlloc((void*)desiredAddress, (nuint)alignedSize, allocationType, protection);
-        if (result == null)
+        var hostProtection = executable ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute : HostPageProtection.ReadWrite;
+        var result = _hostMemory.Allocate(desiredAddress, alignedSize, hostProtection);
+        if (result == 0)
         {
             return false;
         }
 
-        actualAddress = (ulong)result;
+        actualAddress = result;
         if (actualAddress != desiredAddress)
         {
-            VirtualFree(result, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+            _hostMemory.Free(result);
             actualAddress = 0;
             return false;
         }
@@ -119,33 +106,33 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         var alignedSize = (size + 0xFFF) & ~0xFFFUL;
 
         var protection = executable ? PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE : PAGE_READWRITE;
-        var allocationType = MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE;
+        var hostProtection = executable ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute : HostPageProtection.ReadWrite;
         var reservedOnly = false;
         var preferReserveOnly = !executable &&
             alignedSize >= LargeDataReserveThreshold &&
             alignedSize > FullCommitRegionLimit;
 
-        void* result = null;
+        ulong result = 0;
         if (preferReserveOnly)
         {
-            result = VirtualAlloc((void*)desiredAddress, (nuint)alignedSize, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
-            if (result == null && allowAlternative)
+            result = _hostMemory.Reserve(desiredAddress, alignedSize, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
+            if (result == 0 && allowAlternative)
             {
-                result = VirtualAlloc(null, (nuint)alignedSize, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
+                result = _hostMemory.Reserve(0, alignedSize, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
             }
 
-            if (result != null)
+            if (result != 0)
             {
                 reservedOnly = true;
             }
         }
 
-        if (result == null)
+        if (result == 0)
         {
-            result = VirtualAlloc((void*)desiredAddress, (nuint)alignedSize, allocationType, protection);
+            result = _hostMemory.Allocate(desiredAddress, alignedSize, hostProtection);
         }
 
-        if (result == null)
+        if (result == 0)
         {
             if (!allowAlternative)
             {
@@ -153,32 +140,32 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
             }
 
             TraceVmem($"Could not allocate at 0x{desiredAddress:X16}, trying any address...");
-            result = VirtualAlloc(null, (nuint)alignedSize, allocationType, protection);
+            result = _hostMemory.Allocate(0, alignedSize, hostProtection);
 
-            if (result == null)
+            if (result == 0)
             {
                 if (!executable)
                 {
-                    result = VirtualAlloc((void*)desiredAddress, (nuint)alignedSize, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
-                    if (result == null && allowAlternative)
+                    result = _hostMemory.Reserve(desiredAddress, alignedSize, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
+                    if (result == 0 && allowAlternative)
                     {
-                        result = VirtualAlloc(null, (nuint)alignedSize, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
+                        result = _hostMemory.Reserve(0, alignedSize, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
                     }
 
-                    if (result != null)
+                    if (result != 0)
                     {
                         reservedOnly = true;
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (result == null)
+                if (result == 0)
                 {
                     throw new OutOfMemoryException($"Failed to allocate {alignedSize} bytes of virtual memory");
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        var actualAddress = (ulong)result;
+        var actualAddress = result;
 
         var lazyPrimeState = "n/a";
         if (reservedOnly)
@@ -191,9 +178,8 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 {
                     var remaining = primeBytes - committedBytes;
                     var chunkBytes = Math.Min(remaining, LazyReservePrimeChunkBytes);
-                    var commitAddress = (void*)(actualAddress + committedBytes);
-                    var committed = VirtualAlloc(commitAddress, (nuint)chunkBytes, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
-                    if (committed == null)
+                    var commitAddress = actualAddress + committedBytes;
+                    if (!_hostMemory.Commit(commitAddress, chunkBytes, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite))
                     {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -263,6 +249,71 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         var requestedCursor = AlignUp(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment);
         var cursor = GetAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, requestedCursor, effectiveAlignment, executable);
 
+        // Under Rosetta 2 the kernel can ignore placement hints for whole
+        // windows, so page-stepped exact probes are pathological on macOS.
+        // Linux must keep using the exact-address search below: PS5 resource
+        // descriptors cannot represent ordinary 0x7F... host mappings. Linux
+        // HostMemory uses MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE, making those low-address probes
+        // safe without clobbering existing host mappings.
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            // Prefer the requested low address.  Besides matching the guest
+            // address model, this keeps the allocation representable by every
+            // PS5 GPU descriptor (the strictest ones carry 40 address bits).
+            try
+            {
+                var exactAddress = AllocateAt(
+                    cursor,
+                    alignedSize,
+                    executable,
+                    allowAlternative: false);
+                if (exactAddress == cursor)
+                {
+                    actualAddress = exactAddress;
+                    UpdateAllocationSearchCursor(
+                        desiredAddress,
+                        effectiveAlignment,
+                        executable,
+                        exactAddress + alignedSize);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+            }
+
+            // Over-allocate by the alignment so a kernel-chosen placement
+            // always contains an aligned start; the unused head/tail stays
+            // part of the tracked region and is simply never handed out.
+            var reserveSize = effectiveAlignment > PageSize
+                ? alignedSize + effectiveAlignment
+                : alignedSize;
+            try
+            {
+                var posixAddress = AllocateAt(cursor, reserveSize, executable, allowAlternative: true);
+                if (posixAddress != 0)
+                {
+                    var alignedBase = AlignUp(posixAddress, effectiveAlignment);
+                    const ulong gpuAddressLimit = 1UL << 40;
+                    if (alignedBase < gpuAddressLimit &&
+                        alignedSize <= gpuAddressLimit - alignedBase &&
+                        alignedBase + alignedSize <= posixAddress + reserveSize)
+                    {
+                        actualAddress = alignedBase;
+                        UpdateAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment, executable, alignedBase + alignedSize);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    ReleaseUntrackedAllocation(posixAddress);
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
         for (var attempt = 0; attempt < 0x10000; attempt++)
         {
             if (cursor == 0 || ulong.MaxValue - cursor < alignedSize)
@@ -297,6 +348,28 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         return false;
     }
 
+    private void ReleaseUntrackedAllocation(ulong address)
+    {
+        _gate.EnterWriteLock();
+        try
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < _regions.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (_regions[i].VirtualAddress == address)
+                {
+                    _regions.RemoveAt(i);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _gate.ExitWriteLock();
+        }
+
+        _hostMemory.Free(address);
+    }
+
     public bool TryAllocateGuestMemory(ulong size, ulong alignment, out ulong address)
     {
         address = 0;
@@ -316,7 +389,9 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                         GuestAllocationArenaSize,
                         executable: false,
                         allowAlternative: true);
-                    _guestAllocationOffset = GuestAllocationArenaStartOffset;
+                    _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Add(
+                        GuestAllocationArenaStartOffset,
+                        GuestAllocationArenaSize - GuestAllocationArenaStartOffset);
                 }
                 catch (Exception)
                 {
@@ -324,18 +399,128 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 }
             }
 
-            var alignedOffset = AlignUp(_guestAllocationOffset, alignment);
-            if (alignedOffset > GuestAllocationArenaSize || size > GuestAllocationArenaSize - alignedOffset)
+            ulong rangeOffset = 0;
+            ulong rangeSize = 0;
+            ulong alignedOffset = 0;
+            var found = false;
+            foreach (var range in _guestAllocationFreeRanges)
+            {
+                alignedOffset = AlignUp(range.Key, alignment);
+                if (alignedOffset >= range.Key &&
+                    alignedOffset - range.Key <= range.Value &&
+                    size <= range.Value - (alignedOffset - range.Key))
+                {
+                    rangeOffset = range.Key;
+                    rangeSize = range.Value;
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!found)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
+            _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Remove(rangeOffset);
+            if (alignedOffset > rangeOffset)
+            {
+                _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Add(rangeOffset, alignedOffset - rangeOffset);
+            }
+
+            var allocationEnd = alignedOffset + size;
+            var rangeEnd = rangeOffset + rangeSize;
+            if (allocationEnd < rangeEnd)
+            {
+                _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Add(allocationEnd, rangeEnd - allocationEnd);
+            }
+
             address = _guestAllocationArenaBase + alignedOffset;
-            _guestAllocationOffset = alignedOffset + size;
+            _guestAllocations.Add(address, (alignedOffset, size));
             return true;
         }
     }
 
+    public bool TryFreeGuestMemory(ulong address)
+    {
+        lock (_guestAllocationGate)
+        {
+            if (!_guestAllocations.Remove(address, out var allocation))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var freeOffset = allocation.Offset;
+            var freeSize = allocation.Size;
+            ulong? previousOffset = null;
+            ulong? nextOffset = null;
+
+            foreach (var range in _guestAllocationFreeRanges)
+            {
+                if (range.Key < freeOffset)
+                {
+                    previousOffset = range.Key;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                nextOffset = range.Key;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (previousOffset is { } previous &&
+                previous + _guestAllocationFreeRanges[previous] == freeOffset)
+            {
+                freeOffset = previous;
+                freeSize += _guestAllocationFreeRanges[previous];
+                _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Remove(previous);
+            }
+
+            if (nextOffset is { } next && freeOffset + freeSize == next)
+            {
+                freeSize += _guestAllocationFreeRanges[next];
+                _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Remove(next);
+            }
+
+            _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Add(freeOffset, freeSize);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool TryProtect(ulong address, ulong size, GuestPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        if (size == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return _hostMemory.Protect(address, size, ResolveProtection(protection), out _);
+    }
+
+    // Reproduces the decomposition KernelMemoryCompatExports.ResolveHostProtection
+    // performed before this seam existed; the Windows backend maps each case back
+    // to the identical PAGE_* value.
+    private static HostPageProtection ResolveProtection(GuestPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        var read = (protection & GuestPageProtection.Read) != 0;
+        var write = (protection & GuestPageProtection.Write) != 0;
+        var execute = (protection & GuestPageProtection.Execute) != 0;
+
+        if (execute)
+        {
+            return write
+                ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute
+                : read
+                    ? HostPageProtection.ReadExecute
+                    : HostPageProtection.Execute;
+        }
+
+        return write
+            ? HostPageProtection.ReadWrite
+            : read
+                ? HostPageProtection.ReadOnly
+                : HostPageProtection.NoAccess;
+    }
+
     public void Clear()
     {
         lock (_guestAllocationGate)
@@ -345,7 +530,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
             {
                 foreach (var region in _regions)
                 {
-                    VirtualFree((void*)region.VirtualAddress, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+                    _hostMemory.Free(region.VirtualAddress);
                 }
                 _regions.Clear();
                 _pageProtections.Clear();
@@ -360,7 +545,8 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
             }
 
             _guestAllocationArenaBase = 0;
-            _guestAllocationOffset = 0;
+            _guestAllocationFreeRanges.Clear();
+            _guestAllocations.Clear();
         }
     }
 
@@ -419,46 +605,67 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
     private void ApplySegmentProtection(ulong mapStart, ulong mapEnd, ProgramHeaderFlags flags)
     {
+        var runStart = mapStart;
+        var runFlags = ProgramHeaderFlags.None;
+        var hasRun = false;
+
         for (var pageAddress = mapStart; pageAddress < mapEnd; pageAddress += PageSize)
         {
             _pageProtections.TryGetValue(pageAddress, out var existingFlags);
             var mergedFlags = existingFlags | flags;
             _pageProtections[pageAddress] = mergedFlags;
-            SetProtection(pageAddress, PageSize, mergedFlags);
+
+            if (!hasRun)
+            {
+                runStart = pageAddress;
+                runFlags = mergedFlags;
+                hasRun = true;
+            }
+            else if (mergedFlags != runFlags)
+            {
+                SetProtection(runStart, pageAddress - runStart, runFlags);
+                runStart = pageAddress;
+                runFlags = mergedFlags;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (hasRun)
+        {
+            SetProtection(runStart, mapEnd - runStart, runFlags);
         }
     }
 
     private void SetProtection(ulong address, ulong size, ProgramHeaderFlags flags)
     {
-        uint protection;
+        HostPageProtection protection;
 
         if (flags == ProgramHeaderFlags.None)
         {
-            protection = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+            protection = HostPageProtection.NoAccess;
         }
         else if ((flags & ProgramHeaderFlags.Execute) != 0)
         {
             protection = (flags & ProgramHeaderFlags.Write) != 0
-                ? PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
-                : PAGE_EXECUTE_READ;
+                ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute
+                : HostPageProtection.ReadExecute;
         }
         else if ((flags & ProgramHeaderFlags.Write) != 0)
         {
-            protection = PAGE_READWRITE;
+            protection = HostPageProtection.ReadWrite;
         }
         else
         {
-            protection = PAGE_READONLY;
+            protection = HostPageProtection.ReadOnly;
         }
 
-        if (!VirtualProtect((void*)address, (nuint)size, protection, out _))
+        if (!_hostMemory.Protect(address, size, protection, out _))
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to set memory protection at 0x{address:X16}");
         }
 
         if ((flags & ProgramHeaderFlags.Execute) != 0)
         {
-            FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), (void*)address, (nuint)size);
+            _hostMemory.FlushInstructionCache(address, size);
         }
     }
 
@@ -550,6 +757,47 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         }
     }
 
+    public bool TryCompare(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected)
+    {
+        _gate.EnterReadLock();
+        try
+        {
+            var region = FindRegion(virtualAddress, (ulong)expected.Length);
+            if (region is null ||
+                !TryResolveRegionOffset(
+                    virtualAddress,
+                    (ulong)expected.Length,
+                    region,
+                    out var offset))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (expected.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            var srcPtr = (void*)(region.VirtualAddress + offset);
+            if (region.IsReservedOnly &&
+                !EnsureRangeCommitted((ulong)srcPtr, (ulong)expected.Length, region))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!CanReadWithoutProtectionChange((ulong)srcPtr, (ulong)expected.Length, region))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(srcPtr, expected.Length).SequenceEqual(expected);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _gate.ExitReadLock();
+        }
+    }
+
     public bool TryWrite(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
     {
         var requiresExclusiveAccess = false;
@@ -689,7 +937,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 return true;
             }
 
-            if (!VirtualProtect(destPtr, (nuint)source.Length, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, out var oldProtect))
+            if (!_hostMemory.Protect((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length, HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute, out var oldProtect))
             {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -703,10 +951,10 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
             }
             finally
             {
-                VirtualProtect(destPtr, (nuint)source.Length, oldProtect, out _);
+                _hostMemory.ProtectRaw((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length, oldProtect, out _);
                 if (IsExecutableProtection(oldProtect))
                 {
-                    FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), destPtr, (nuint)source.Length);
+                    _hostMemory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -728,9 +976,14 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         _gate.EnterReadLock();
         try
         {
-            return FindRegion(virtualAddress, 1) is not null
-                ? (void*)virtualAddress
-                : null;
+            var region = FindRegion(virtualAddress, 1);
+            if (region is null ||
+                (region.IsReservedOnly && !EnsureRangeCommitted(virtualAddress, 1, region)))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return (void*)virtualAddress;
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -932,12 +1185,12 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         return protection is PAGE_READWRITE or PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE;
     }
 
-    private static uint GetCommitProtection(MemoryRegion region)
+    private static HostPageProtection GetCommitProtection(MemoryRegion region)
     {
-        return region.IsExecutable ? PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE : PAGE_READWRITE;
+        return region.IsExecutable ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute : HostPageProtection.ReadWrite;
     }
 
-    private static unsafe bool EnsureRangeCommitted(ulong address, ulong size, MemoryRegion region)
+    private bool EnsureRangeCommitted(ulong address, ulong size, MemoryRegion region)
     {
         if (size == 0 || !region.IsReservedOnly)
         {
@@ -951,7 +1204,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         var pageAddress = startPage;
         while (pageAddress < endPage)
         {
-            if (VirtualQuery((void*)pageAddress, out var info, (nuint)sizeof(MemoryBasicInformation64)) == 0)
+            if (!_hostMemory.Query(pageAddress, out var info))
             {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -965,19 +1218,19 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 return false;
             }
 
-            if (info.State == MEM_COMMIT)
+            if (info.State == HostRegionState.Committed)
             {
                 pageAddress = rangeEnd;
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if (info.State != MEM_RESERVE)
+            if (info.State != HostRegionState.Reserved)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
             var commitSize = rangeEnd - pageAddress;
-            if (VirtualAlloc((void*)pageAddress, (nuint)commitSize, MEM_COMMIT, commitProtection) == null)
+            if (!_hostMemory.Commit(pageAddress, commitSize, commitProtection))
             {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -998,11 +1251,11 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
         var startPage = AlignDown(address, PageSize);
         var endPage = AlignUp(address + size, PageSize);
-        var temporaryProtection = region.IsExecutable ? PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE : PAGE_READWRITE;
+        var temporaryProtection = region.IsExecutable ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute : HostPageProtection.ReadWrite;
 
         for (var pageAddress = startPage; pageAddress < endPage; pageAddress += PageSize)
         {
-            if (!VirtualProtect((void*)pageAddress, (nuint)PageSize, temporaryProtection, out var oldProtection))
+            if (!_hostMemory.Protect(pageAddress, PageSize, temporaryProtection, out var oldProtection))
             {
                 RestorePageProtections(touchedPages);
                 touchedPages.Clear();
@@ -1015,11 +1268,11 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         return true;
     }
 
-    private static void RestorePageProtections(List<(ulong Address, uint Protection)> touchedPages)
+    private void RestorePageProtections(List<(ulong Address, uint Protection)> touchedPages)
     {
         foreach (var (pageAddress, protection) in touchedPages)
         {
-            VirtualProtect((void*)pageAddress, (nuint)PageSize, protection, out _);
+            _hostMemory.ProtectRaw(pageAddress, PageSize, protection, out _);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1076,16 +1329,4 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         public uint Protection { get; set; }
     }
 
-    private struct MemoryBasicInformation64
-    {
-        public ulong BaseAddress;
-        public ulong AllocationBase;
-        public uint AllocationProtect;
-        public uint Alignment1;
-        public ulong RegionSize;
-        public uint State;
-        public uint Protect;
-        public uint Type;
-        public uint Alignment2;
-    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Core/Memory/VirtualMemory.cs

@@ -41,15 +41,14 @@ public sealed class VirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory
 
         lock (_gate)
         {
-            foreach (var existing in _regions)
+            var insertionIndex = FindInsertionIndex(virtualAddress);
+            if ((insertionIndex > 0 && virtualAddress < _regions[insertionIndex - 1].EndAddress) ||
+                (insertionIndex < _regions.Count && endAddress > _regions[insertionIndex].Region.VirtualAddress))
             {
-                if (virtualAddress < existing.EndAddress && endAddress > existing.Region.VirtualAddress)
-                {
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Attempted to map an overlapping virtual memory region.");
-                }
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Attempted to map an overlapping virtual memory region.");
             }
 
-            _regions.Add(new MappedRegion(
+            _regions.Insert(insertionIndex, new MappedRegion(
                 new VirtualMemoryRegion(virtualAddress, memorySize, fileOffset, (ulong)fileData.Length, protection),
                 endAddress,
                 backingMemory));
@@ -74,12 +73,12 @@ public sealed class VirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory
     {
         lock (_gate)
         {
-            if (!TryResolveRegion(virtualAddress, destination.Length, out var region, out var offset))
+            if (!TryValidateRange(virtualAddress, destination.Length, ProgramHeaderFlags.Read, out var regionIndex))
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            region.BackingMemory.AsSpan(offset, destination.Length).CopyTo(destination);
+            CopyFromRegions(virtualAddress, destination, regionIndex);
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -88,39 +87,127 @@ public sealed class VirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory
     {
         lock (_gate)
         {
-            if (!TryResolveRegion(virtualAddress, source.Length, out var region, out var offset))
+            if (!TryValidateRange(virtualAddress, source.Length, ProgramHeaderFlags.Write, out var regionIndex))
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            source.CopyTo(region.BackingMemory.AsSpan(offset, source.Length));
+            CopyToRegions(virtualAddress, source, regionIndex);
             return true;
         }
     }
 
-    private bool TryResolveRegion(ulong virtualAddress, int length, out MappedRegion region, out int offset)
+    private bool TryValidateRange(
+        ulong virtualAddress,
+        int length,
+        ProgramHeaderFlags requiredProtection,
+        out int regionIndex)
     {
-        foreach (var candidate in _regions)
+        regionIndex = FindContainingRegionIndex(virtualAddress);
+        if (regionIndex < 0)
         {
-            if (virtualAddress < candidate.Region.VirtualAddress || virtualAddress >= candidate.EndAddress)
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            var candidateOffset = checked((int)(virtualAddress - candidate.Region.VirtualAddress));
-            if (candidateOffset + length > candidate.BackingMemory.Length)
-            {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            region = candidate;
-            offset = candidateOffset;
-            return true;
+            return false;
         }
 
-        region = default;
-        offset = 0;
-        return false;
+        var currentAddress = virtualAddress;
+        var remaining = length;
+        var currentIndex = regionIndex;
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if (currentIndex >= _regions.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var region = _regions[currentIndex];
+            if (currentAddress < region.Region.VirtualAddress ||
+                currentAddress >= region.EndAddress ||
+                (region.Region.Protection & requiredProtection) == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (remaining == 0)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            var available = region.EndAddress - currentAddress;
+            var chunkLength = (int)Math.Min((ulong)remaining, available);
+            remaining -= chunkLength;
+            if (remaining == 0)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            currentAddress += (ulong)chunkLength;
+            currentIndex++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int FindContainingRegionIndex(ulong virtualAddress)
+    {
+        var insertionIndex = FindInsertionIndex(virtualAddress);
+        if (insertionIndex < _regions.Count &&
+            _regions[insertionIndex].Region.VirtualAddress == virtualAddress)
+        {
+            return insertionIndex;
+        }
+
+        var candidateIndex = insertionIndex - 1;
+        return candidateIndex >= 0 && virtualAddress < _regions[candidateIndex].EndAddress
+            ? candidateIndex
+            : -1;
+    }
+
+    private void CopyFromRegions(ulong virtualAddress, Span<byte> destination, int regionIndex)
+    {
+        var copied = 0;
+        var currentAddress = virtualAddress;
+        while (copied < destination.Length)
+        {
+            var region = _regions[regionIndex++];
+            var regionOffset = checked((int)(currentAddress - region.Region.VirtualAddress));
+            var chunkLength = Math.Min(destination.Length - copied, region.BackingMemory.Length - regionOffset);
+            region.BackingMemory.AsSpan(regionOffset, chunkLength).CopyTo(destination[copied..]);
+            copied += chunkLength;
+            currentAddress += (ulong)chunkLength;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void CopyToRegions(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, int regionIndex)
+    {
+        var copied = 0;
+        var currentAddress = virtualAddress;
+        while (copied < source.Length)
+        {
+            var region = _regions[regionIndex++];
+            var regionOffset = checked((int)(currentAddress - region.Region.VirtualAddress));
+            var chunkLength = Math.Min(source.Length - copied, region.BackingMemory.Length - regionOffset);
+            source.Slice(copied, chunkLength).CopyTo(region.BackingMemory.AsSpan(regionOffset, chunkLength));
+            copied += chunkLength;
+            currentAddress += (ulong)chunkLength;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int FindInsertionIndex(ulong virtualAddress)
+    {
+        var lower = 0;
+        var upper = _regions.Count;
+        while (lower < upper)
+        {
+            var middle = lower + ((upper - lower) / 2);
+            if (_regions[middle].Region.VirtualAddress < virtualAddress)
+            {
+                lower = middle + 1;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                upper = middle;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return lower;
     }
 
     private readonly record struct MappedRegion(VirtualMemoryRegion Region, ulong EndAddress, byte[] BackingMemory);

src/SharpEmu.Core/Runtime/SharpEmuRuntime.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Disasm;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.AppContent;
@@ -83,18 +84,22 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             ImportTraceLimit = Math.Max(0, options.ImportTraceLimit),
         };
         var moduleManager = new ModuleManager();
-        moduleManager.RegisterFromAssembly(typeof(VideoOutExports).Assembly, Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, Aerolib.Instance);
         moduleManager.RegisterFromAssembly(typeof(KernelExports).Assembly, Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, Aerolib.Instance);
         moduleManager.Freeze();
 
-        var virtualMemory = new PhysicalVirtualMemory();
+        // Resolve the host platform once at the composition root; on unsupported
+        // OSes this throws PlatformNotSupportedException with a clear message
+        // instead of failing on the first native call.
+        var hostPlatform = HostPlatform.Current;
+
+        var virtualMemory = new PhysicalVirtualMemory(hostPlatform.Memory);
 
         var fileSystem = new PhysicalFileSystem();
 
         return new SharpEmuRuntime(
             new SelfLoader(),
             virtualMemory,
-            new CpuDispatcher(virtualMemory, moduleManager),
+            new CpuDispatcher(virtualMemory, moduleManager, hostPlatform: hostPlatform),
             moduleManager,
             Aerolib.Instance,
             cpuExecutionOptions,
@@ -140,7 +145,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
         LastMilestoneLog = null;
         KernelModuleRegistry.Reset();
         var image = LoadImage(normalizedEbootPath);
-        VideoOutExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.Title, image.TitleId, image.Version);
+        VideoOutExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.Title, image.TitleId, image.Version, BuildInfo.CommitSha);
         SaveDataExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.TitleId);
         LogAppBundleInfo(normalizedEbootPath, image);
         RegisterLoadedModule(normalizedEbootPath, image, isMain: true, isSystemModule: false);

src/SharpEmu.Core/packages.lock.json

@@ -36,6 +36,23 @@
           "Ultz.Native.GLFW": "3.4.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Input.Common": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "QbJVV7kFBHEByayXCYdJtXXI9Sp4a+QAf0IdGV6uCWkFYcEmqBYW3aaNGvFOdSwTBDbHL5T/OtOCrGh4qYhk7A==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Input.Glfw": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "KGHYqsv/IQRJtD6dloYh2tN4CkaM40vxM2kj0cGKBoCQiBDYHHhJiyDTyMPx0W7Fz5IgnhnG42ELmIAa0DH69A==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Input.Common": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Maths": {
         "type": "Transitive",
         "resolved": "2.23.0",
@@ -65,12 +82,16 @@
         "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
       },
       "sharpemu.hle": {
-        "type": "Project"
+        "type": "Project",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "SharpEmu.Logging": "[1.0.0, )"
+        }
       },
       "sharpemu.libs": {
         "type": "Project",
         "dependencies": {
           "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Input": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
@@ -80,6 +101,16 @@
       "sharpemu.logging": {
         "type": "Project"
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Input": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "Xzl+tVwAp2eEd8blmGQjmJrsZPnp3PWG0KJjiAQHaY2Zr/ELVWeAROKXmZdCAvexzmte2JVGEy/dxnMycbxlpg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Input.Common": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Input.Glfw": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan": {
         "type": "CentralTransitive",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/App.axaml

@@ -127,6 +127,34 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
       <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
     </Style>
 
+    <!-- Top-level page switcher (Library / Options): plain transparent
+         buttons, not TabItem, so there is no Fluent selected-tab underline.
+         The active page is conveyed by brightness alone; LB/RB gamepad
+         hints flank the pair. -->
+    <Style Selector="Button.segment">
+      <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
+      <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0" />
+      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+      <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="22" />
+      <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold" />
+      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="6,4" />
+      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="8" />
+    </Style>
+    <Style Selector="Button.segment:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
+      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ElevatedBrush}" />
+      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
+    </Style>
+    <Style Selector="Button.segment.active">
+      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
+    </Style>
+
+    <!-- Gamepad shoulder-button hint chip (LB/RB, L1/R1). -->
+    <Style Selector="Border.padHint">
+      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ElevatedBrush}" />
+      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="6" />
+      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="8,3" />
+    </Style>
+
     <Style Selector="ContextMenu">
       <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource CardBrush}" />
       <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" />

src/SharpEmu.GUI/ConsoleWindow.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Collections;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Controls.Templates;
+using Avalonia.Data;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using System.Collections.Specialized;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
+
+public sealed class ConsoleWindow : Window
+{
+    private readonly AvaloniaList<LogLine> _sourceLines;
+    private readonly AvaloniaList<LogLine> _visibleLines = new();
+    private readonly ListBox _list;
+    private readonly TextBox _searchBox;
+    private readonly CheckBox _autoScrollCheck;
+
+    public ConsoleWindow(
+        AvaloniaList<LogLine> lines,
+        Action clear,
+        bool autoScroll)
+    {
+        var loc = Localization.Instance;
+
+        _sourceLines = lines;
+        Title = loc.Get("Console.WindowTitle");
+        Width = 980;
+        Height = 620;
+        MinWidth = 520;
+        MinHeight = 320;
+        Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#0D1017"));
+        Icon = new WindowIcon(AssetLoader.Open(new Uri("avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/SharpEmu.ico")));
+
+        _searchBox = new TextBox
+        {
+            Watermark = loc.Get("Console.SearchWatermark"),
+            Width = 320,
+            Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 12, 0),
+        };
+        _autoScrollCheck = new CheckBox
+        {
+            Content = loc.Get("Console.AutoScroll"),
+            IsChecked = autoScroll,
+            FontSize = 12,
+            Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 12, 0),
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
+        };
+        var copyButton = new Button
+        {
+            Classes = { "ghost" },
+            Content = loc.Get("Console.Copy"),
+            Padding = new Thickness(10, 4),
+            Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 8, 0),
+        };
+        var clearButton = new Button
+        {
+            Classes = { "ghost" },
+            Content = loc.Get("Console.Clear"),
+            Padding = new Thickness(10, 4),
+        };
+        copyButton.Click += async (_, _) => await CopyAsync();
+        clearButton.Click += (_, _) => clear();
+        _searchBox.TextChanged += (_, _) => RefreshVisibleLines();
+
+        _list = new ListBox
+        {
+            Classes = { "console" },
+            ItemsSource = _visibleLines,
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#232B3A")),
+            ItemTemplate = new FuncDataTemplate<LogLine>((_, _) =>
+            {
+                var text = new TextBlock { TextWrapping = TextWrapping.NoWrap };
+                text.Bind(TextBlock.TextProperty, new Binding(nameof(LogLine.Text)));
+                text.Bind(TextBlock.ForegroundProperty, new Binding(nameof(LogLine.Brush)));
+                return text;
+            }),
+        };
+
+        Content = new Grid
+        {
+            Margin = new Thickness(12),
+            RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,*"),
+            Children =
+            {
+                new Grid
+                {
+                    Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 8),
+                    ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("*,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto"),
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Classes = { "sectionTitle" },
+                            Text = loc.Get("Console.Title"),
+                            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
+                        },
+                        _searchBox.WithGridColumn(1),
+                        _autoScrollCheck.WithGridColumn(2),
+                        copyButton.WithGridColumn(3),
+                        clearButton.WithGridColumn(4),
+                    },
+                },
+                _list.WithGridRow(1),
+            },
+        };
+
+        lines.CollectionChanged += OnLinesChanged;
+        Closed += (_, _) => lines.CollectionChanged -= OnLinesChanged;
+        RefreshVisibleLines();
+    }
+
+    private void OnLinesChanged(object? sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        RefreshVisibleLines();
+        if (_autoScrollCheck.IsChecked == true)
+        {
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() => (_list.Scroll as ScrollViewer)?.ScrollToEnd());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshVisibleLines()
+    {
+        var query = _searchBox.Text ?? string.Empty;
+        _visibleLines.Clear();
+        _visibleLines.AddRange(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(query)
+            ? _sourceLines
+            : _sourceLines.Where(line => line.Text.Contains(query, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)));
+    }
+
+    private async Task CopyAsync()
+    {
+        if (_visibleLines.Count == 0 || Clipboard is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        await Clipboard.SetTextAsync(string.Join(Environment.NewLine, _visibleLines.Select(line => line.Text)));
+    }
+}
+
+file static class GridExtensions
+{
+    public static T WithGridColumn<T>(this T control, int column) where T : Control
+    {
+        Grid.SetColumn(control, column);
+        return control;
+    }
+
+    public static T WithGridRow<T>(this T control, int row) where T : Control
+    {
+        Grid.SetRow(control, row);
+        return control;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/EmulatorProcess.cs

@@ -168,8 +168,7 @@ internal sealed class EmulatorProcess : IDisposable
             var policy1 = PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF;
             var policy2 =
                 PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_CET_USER_SHADOW_STACKS_ALWAYS_OFF |
-                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF |
-                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_XTENDED_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF;
+                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF;
 
             mitigationPolicies = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sizeof(ulong) * 2);
             Marshal.WriteInt64(mitigationPolicies, unchecked((long)policy1));
@@ -200,29 +199,10 @@ internal sealed class EmulatorProcess : IDisposable
                 ref startupInfoEx,
                 out var processInfo);
 
-            if (!created)
-            {
-                // Some mitigation policy bits (e.g. XFG) are not supported on
-                // older Windows builds. Mirror the CLI's behavior and fall back
-                // to launching without the mitigation attribute list.
-                startupInfoEx.lpAttributeList = 0;
-                created = CreateProcessW(
-                    exePath,
-                    new StringBuilder(BuildCommandLine(exePath, arguments)),
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    true,
-                    CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
-                    0,
-                    currentDirectory,
-                    ref startupInfoEx,
-                    out processInfo);
-            }
-
             if (!created)
             {
                 var error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
-                throw new Win32Exception(error, $"Failed to start '{exePath}' (Win32 error {error}: {new Win32Exception(error).Message}).");
+                throw new Win32Exception(error, $"Failed to start '{exePath}' with CET/CFG mitigation disabled (Win32 error {error}: {new Win32Exception(error).Message}).");
             }
 
             CloseHandle(processInfo.hThread);

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GameEntry.cs

@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ public sealed class GameEntry : INotifyPropertyChanged
     private long _sizeBytes;
 
     public GameEntry(
-        string name, string? titleId, string path, long sizeBytes, string? coverPath, string? backgroundPath)
+        string name, string? titleId, string? version, string path, long sizeBytes,
+        string? coverPath, string? backgroundPath)
     {
         Name = name;
         TitleId = titleId;
+        Version = version;
         Path = path;
         _sizeBytes = sizeBytes;
         CoverPath = coverPath;
@@ -46,6 +48,9 @@ public sealed class GameEntry : INotifyPropertyChanged
 
     public string? TitleId { get; }
 
+    /// <summary>Content version from sce_sys/param.json, e.g. "01.000.000".</summary>
+    public string? Version { get; }
+
     public string Path { get; }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ public sealed class GameEntry : INotifyPropertyChanged
 
             _sizeBytes = value;
             PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(SizeBytes)));
-            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(Detail)));
+            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(SizeText)));
         }
     }
 
@@ -106,9 +111,15 @@ public sealed class GameEntry : INotifyPropertyChanged
 
     public bool HasCover => _cover is not null;
 
-    public string Detail => TitleId is not null
-        ? $"{TitleId}  •  {FormatSize(SizeBytes)}"
-        : FormatSize(SizeBytes);
+    public bool HasTitleId => TitleId is not null;
+
+    /// <summary>Badge text shown in the launch bar, e.g. "v01.000.000".</summary>
+    public string? VersionText => Version is null ? null : $"v{Version}";
+
+    public bool HasVersion => Version is not null;
+
+    /// <summary>Formatted install size badge shown in the launch bar.</summary>
+    public string SizeText => FormatSize(SizeBytes);
 
     private static string ComputeInitials(string name)
     {

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GuiSettings.cs

@@ -42,9 +42,15 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
 
     public string? EmulatorPath { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>UI language, matching a file code under Languages/ (e.g. "en", "tr").</summary>
+    public string Language { get; set; } = "en";
+
     /// <summary>Publish launcher/game status to Discord Rich Presence.</summary>
     public bool DiscordRichPresence { get; set; } = true;
 
+    /// <summary>Names of SHARPEMU_* switches set to "1" in the emulator's environment at launch.</summary>
+    public List<string> EnvironmentToggles { get; set; } = new();
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Discord application ID used for Rich Presence; the default is the
     /// SharpEmu application. Override to rebrand what Discord shows as

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ar.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "العربية",
+
+  "Page.Library": "المكتبة",
+  "Page.Options": "الخيارات",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "لعبة واحدة",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} لعبة",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "ابحث في المكتبة...",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ إضافة مجلد",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ إعادة الفحص",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "فتح ملف...",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "تشغيل",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "فتح مجلد اللعبة",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "نسخ المسار",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "نسخ معرف العنوان",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "إزالة من المكتبة",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "مكتبتك فارغة",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "أضف مجلداً يحتوي على ألعابك للبدء.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "لا توجد ألعاب تطابق بحثك",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "لا شيء في المكتبة يطابق “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ إضافة مجلد ألعاب",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "جارٍ تحميل المكتبة...",
+
+  "Options.General": "عام",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "المحاكاة",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "التسجيل",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "المُشغِّل",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "محرك المعالج",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "محرك التنفيذ المستخدم لتشغيل كود اللعبة.", 
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "أصلي",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "ربط صارم للمكتبات الديناميكية (dynlib)",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "إفشال التشغيل عندما يتعذر التعرف على رمز مستورد.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "مستوى التسجيل",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "مدى تفصيل مخرجات نافذة سجلات المحاكي.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "تتبع",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "تصحيح الأخطاء",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "معلومات",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "تحذير",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "خطأ",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "حرج",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "حد تتبع الاستيراد",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "تتبع أول N استيراد لكل وحدة (0 = إيقاف).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "التسجيل في ملف",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "نسخ مخرجات المحاكي إلى ملف سجل.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "مسار ملف السجل",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "لا يوجد مسار مخصص — تُحفظ السجلات في user/logs بجوار المحاكي.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "تحديد...",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "الكتابة فوق ملف السجل",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "استخدام مسار الملف الدقيق بدلاً من إلحاق معرف العنوان والطابع الزمني.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "موسيقى اللعبة",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "تكرار موسيقى المعاينة للعبة المحددة في المكتبة.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "حالة دسكورد",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "إظهار اللعبة قيد التشغيل في ملفك الشخصي على دسكورد.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "لغة المحاكي",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "اللغة المستخدمة في جميع أنحاء المشغل. تُطبق فوراً.",
+
+  "Common.On": "تشغيل",
+  "Common.Off": "إيقاف",
+
+  "Console.Title": "نافذة السجلات",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "بحث...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "تمرير تلقائي",
+  "Console.Split": "تقسيم",
+  "Console.Copy": "نسخ",
+  "Console.Clear": "مسح",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "نافذة سجلات SharpEmu",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "لم تُحدد أي لعبة",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "اختر لعبة من المكتبة، أو افتح ملف eboot.bin مباشرة.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "خامل",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ نافذة السجلات",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  تشغيل",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  إيقاف",
+  "Launch.Running": "قيد التشغيل — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "جارٍ الإيقاف...",
+  "Launch.Exited": "انتهى برمز {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "لم يُعثر على الملف التنفيذي SharpEmu. ابنِ مشروع SharpEmu.CLI أولاً (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "ملف السجل: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "فشل بدء تشغيل المحاكي: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "انتهت العملية برمز {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "موافق",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "معطيات غير صالحة",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "لم يُعثر على eboot",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "استثناء وقت التشغيل",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "خطأ في المحاكاة",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "غير معروف",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "المحاكي: جارٍ تحديد الموقع...",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "المحاكي: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "المحاكي: لم يُعثر على الملف التنفيذي SharpEmu — ابنِ SharpEmu.CLI أولاً.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "جارٍ فحص المكتبة...",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "أضف مجلد ألعاب لملء المكتبة.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "فُحصت المكتبة: {0} لعبة في {1} مجلد.",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "تعذر فتح المجلد: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "نُسخ {0} إلى الحافظة.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "أُزيل “{0}” من المكتبة. أعد إضافة مجلده لاستعادته.",
+  "Status.Running": "جارٍ تشغيل {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "جارٍ الإيقاف...",
+  "Status.Idle": "خامل",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "المسار",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "معرف العنوان",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "يلعب {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "يتصفح المكتبة",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "اختر مجلداً يحتوي على ألعاب",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "افتح ملفاً تنفيذياً لتشغيله",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "ملفات PS التنفيذية",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "حدد مكان حفظ ملف السجل",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "ملفات نصية عادية",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "ملفات السجل"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/br.json

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Português (Brasil)",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Biblioteca",
+  "Page.Options": "Opções",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 Jogo",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} jogos",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Pesquisar na biblioteca…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Adicionar pasta",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Atualizar biblioteca",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Abrir arquivo…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Jogar",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Abrir pasta do jogo",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Copiar o caminho",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Copiar ID do título",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Remover da biblioteca",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Sua biblioteca está vazia",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Adicione uma pasta contendo seus jogos para começar.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Nenhum jogo corresponde à sua busca",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Nada na biblioteca corresponde a “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Adicionar pasta do jogo",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Carregando biblioteca…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Opções Gerais",
+  "Options.Env.Tab": "Ambiente",
+  "Options.Section.Environment": "VARIÁVEIS DE AMBIENTE",
+  "Options.Env.Desc": "Switches passados para o emulador como variáveis de ambiente na inicialização.",
+  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Reporta o Bluetooth HID como indisponível para títulos cujo middleware de volante/FFB fica esperando indefinidamente.\nDeixe desativado normalmente. Alguns títulos travam quando a inicialização falha.",
+  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Não force o encerramento de títulos que repetem a mesma chamada por tempo demais.\nExperimente isso quando um jogo fecha sozinho durante o carregamento.",
+  "Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc": "Ativa as camadas de validação do Vulkan para depuração de GPU.\nLento. Requer que o Vulkan SDK esteja instalado.",
+  "Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc": "Extrai os shaders AGC e suas traduções SPIR-V para a pasta shader-dumps.\nUse ao reportar bugs de shader ou renderização.",
+  "Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc": "Registra alocações de memória direta e falhas no console.\nUse quando um jogo aborta ou fecha durante a inicialização (boot).",
+  "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "Registra chamadas da biblioteca NP (PlayStation Network) no console.",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULAÇÃO",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGS",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "INICIALIZADOR",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "Motor da CPU",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Motor de execução usado para executar o código do jogo.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Nativo",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Resolução estrita de bibliotecas dinâmicas",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Interrompe a inicialização caso um símbolo importado não possa ser vinculado.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Nível de log",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Nível de detalhamento das mensagens exibidas no console do emulador.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Warning",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Error",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Critical",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Limite de rastreamento de importações",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Rastreia as primeiras N importações de cada módulo (0 = desativado).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Salvar log em arquivo",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Copia a saída do emulador para um arquivo de log.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Caminho do arquivo de log",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Nenhum caminho definido — logs vão para user/logs na pasta do emulador.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Selecionar…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Sobrescrever arquivo de log",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Use o caminho exato do arquivo em vez de adicionar o ID do título e o log de data e hora.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Música de prévia",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Reproduz em loop a música de prévia do jogo selecionado na biblioteca.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Status do Discord",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Exibir o jogo em execução no seu perfil do Discord.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Idioma do emulador",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Idioma usado em toda a interface do emulador. A alteração é aplicada imediatamente.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Ativado",
+  "Common.Off": "Desativado",
+
+  "Console.Title": "CONSOLE",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Pesquisar...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Rolagem automática",
+  "Console.Split": "Recortar",
+  "Console.Copy": "Copiar",
+  "Console.Clear": "Limpar",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "Console do SharpEmu",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Nenhum jogo selecionado",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Selecione um jogo na biblioteca ou abra um arquivo eboot.bin diretamente.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Ocioso",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Console",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Iniciar",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Parar",
+  "Launch.Running": "Em execução — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Encerrando…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Encerrado com código {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "Executável do SharpEmu não encontrado. Compile primeiro o projeto SharpEmu.CLI (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Arquivo de log: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Falha ao iniciar o emulador: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "O processo foi encerrado com código {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "argumentos inválidos",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot.bin não encontrado",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "exceção em tempo de execução",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "erro de emulação",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "desconhecido",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulador: localizando…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulador: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulador: executável do SharpEmu não encontrado — compile o SharpEmu.CLI primeiro.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Verificando biblioteca…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Adicione uma pasta de jogos para preencher a biblioteca.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Biblioteca verificada: {0} jogo(s) em {1} pasta(s).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Não foi possível abrir a pasta: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} copiado para a área de transferência.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "“{0}” removido da biblioteca. Adicione novamente sua pasta para restaurá-lo.",
+  "Status.Running": "Executando {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Encerrando…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Ocioso",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Caminho",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "ID do título",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Jogando {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Navegando pela biblioteca",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Escolha uma pasta contendo jogos",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Abrir um executável para iniciar",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Executáveis de PS",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Selecione onde salvar o arquivo de log",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Arquivos de texto simples",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Arquivos de log"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/de.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Deutsch",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Bibliothek",
+  "Page.Options": "Optionen",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 Spiel",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} Spiele",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Bibliothek durchsuchen…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Spielordner hinzufügen",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Neu scannen",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Datei öffnen…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Starten",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Spielordner öffnen",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Pfad kopieren",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Title ID kopieren",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Aus Bibliothek entfernen",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Deine Bibliothek ist leer",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Füge einen Ordner mit deinen Spielen hinzu, um zu beginnen.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Keine Spiele gefunden",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Nichts in der Bibliothek entspricht “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Spielordner hinzufügen",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Bibliothek wird geladen…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Allgemein",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULATION",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "PROTOKOLLIERUNG",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LAUNCHER",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU-Engine",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Ausführungs-Engine, die zum Ausführen des Spiel-Codes verwendet wird.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Nativ",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Strikte dynlib-Auflösung",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Starten abbrechen, wenn ein importiertes Symbol nicht aufgelöst werden kann.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Protokollstufe",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Ausführlichkeit der Emulator-Konsolenausgabe.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Warnung",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Fehler",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Kritisch",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Import-Trace-Limit",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Die ersten N Imports pro Modul verfolgen (0 = aus).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "In Datei protokollieren",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Emulator-Ausgabe zusätzlich in eine Log-Datei schreiben.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Protokolldatei-Pfad",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Kein benutzerdefinierter Pfad – Logs werden im Ordner user/logs neben dem Emulator gespeichert.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Auswählen…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Protokolldatei überschreiben",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Genauen Dateipfad verwenden, statt Title-ID und Zeitstempel anzuhängen.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Titel-Musik",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Die Vorschau-Musik des ausgewählten Spiels in der Bibliothek loopend abspielen.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Discord-Präsenz",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Zeigt das aktuell gespielte Spiel in deinem Discord-Profil an.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Emulator-Sprache",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Sprache der Benutzeroberfläche. Wird sofort angewendet.",
+
+  "Common.On": "An",
+  "Common.Off": "Aus",
+
+  "Console.Title": "KONSOLE",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Suchen...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Auto-Scroll",
+  "Console.Split": "Teilen",
+  "Console.Copy": "Kopieren",
+  "Console.Clear": "Leeren",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu Konsole",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Kein Spiel ausgewählt",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Wähle ein Spiel aus der Bibliothek aus oder öffne eine eboot.bin direkt.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Bereit",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Konsole",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶ Starten",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■ Stoppen",
+  "Launch.Running": "Läuft -- {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Wird beendet…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Beendet mit Code {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "SharpEmu-Executable wurde nicht gefunden. Baue zuerst das SharpEmu.CLI-Projekt (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Log-Datei: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Emulator konnte nicht gestartet werden: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "Prozess wurde mit Code {0} ({1}) beendet.",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "Ungültige Argumente",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot nicht gefunden",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "Laufzeitfehler",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "Emulationsfehler",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "unbekannt",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulator: wird gesucht…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulator: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulator: SharpEmu-Executable nicht gefunden -- baue zuerst SharpEmu.CLI.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Bibliothek wird gescannt…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Füge einen Spielordner hinzu, um die Bibliothek zu füllen.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Bibliothek gescannt: {0} Spiel(e) in {1} Ordner(n).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Ordner konnte nicht geöffnet werden: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} in die Zwischenablage kopiert.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "“{0}” wurde aus der Bibliothek entfernt. Füge den Ordner erneut hinzu, um es wiederherzustellen.",
+  "Status.Running": "Läuft {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Wird gestoppt…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Bereit",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Pfad",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "Title ID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Spielt {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Durchsucht die Bibliothek",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Spielordner auswählen",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Ausführbare Datei zum Starten öffnen",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PS-Ausführbare Dateien",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Protokolldatei speichern unter",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Textdateien",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Protokolldateien"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/dk.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Dansk",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Bibliotek",
+  "Page.Options": "Indstillinger",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 spil",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} spil",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Søg i biblioteket…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Tilføj mappe",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Genindlæs",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Åbn fil…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Start",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Åbn spilmappe",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Kopiér sti",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Kopiér titel-ID",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Fjern fra bibliotek",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Dit bibliotek er tomt",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Tilføj en mappe med dine spil for at komme i gang.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Ingen spil matcher din søgning",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Intet i biblioteket matcher “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Tilføj spilmappe",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Indlæser bibliotek…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Generelt",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULERING",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGGING",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LAUNCHER",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU-engine",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Den eksekveringsengine der bruges til at køre spilkode.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Native",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Streng dynlib-opløsning",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Afbryd opstarten, når et importeret symbol ikke kan findes.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Logniveau",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Detaljeringsgrad for emulatorens konsoloutput.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Advarsel",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Fejl",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Kritisk",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Grænse for import-trace",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Spor de første N imports pr. modul (0 = fra).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Log til fil",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Spejl emulatorens output til en logfil.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Sti til logfil",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Ingen brugerdefineret sti — logs gemmes i user/logs ved siden af emulatoren.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Vælg…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Tilsidesæt logfil",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Brug den præcise filsti i stedet for at tilføje titel-ID og tidsstempel.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Titelmusik",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Gentag det valgte spils forhåndsvisningsmusik i biblioteket.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Discord-tilstedeværelse",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Vis det kørende spil på din Discord-profil.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Emulatorsprog",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Sprog der bruges i hele launcheren. Anvendes med det samme.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Til",
+  "Common.Off": "Fra",
+
+  "Console.Title": "KONSOL",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Søg...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Auto-scroll",
+  "Console.Split": "Opdel",
+  "Console.Copy": "Kopiér",
+  "Console.Clear": "Ryd",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu-konsol",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Intet spil valgt",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Vælg et spil fra biblioteket, eller åbn en eboot.bin direkte.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Inaktiv",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Konsol",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Start",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Stop",
+  "Launch.Running": "Kører — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Stopper…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Afsluttet med kode {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "SharpEmu-programmet blev ikke fundet. Byg SharpEmu.CLI-projektet først (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Logfil: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Kunne ikke starte emulatoren: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "Processen afsluttede med kode {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "ugyldige argumenter",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot ikke fundet",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "runtime-fejl",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "emuleringsfejl",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "ukendt",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulator: lokaliserer…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulator: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulator: SharpEmu-programmet blev ikke fundet — byg SharpEmu.CLI først.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Skanner bibliotek…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Tilføj en spilmappe for at udfylde biblioteket.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Bibliotek skannet: {0} spil i {1} mappe(r).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Kunne ikke åbne mappe: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} kopieret til udklipsholderen.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "“{0}” fjernet fra biblioteket. Tilføj mappen igen for at gendanne det.",
+  "Status.Running": "Kører {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Stopper…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Inaktiv",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Sti",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "Titel-ID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Spiller {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Gennemser biblioteket",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Vælg en mappe der indeholder spil",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Åbn et program der skal startes",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PS-programmer",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Vælg hvor logfilen skal gemmes",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Almindelige tekstfiler",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Logfiler"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/en.json

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "English",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Library",
+  "Page.Options": "Options",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 game",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} games",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Search library…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Add folder",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Rescan",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Open file…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Launch",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Open game folder",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Copy path",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Copy title ID",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Remove from library",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Your library is empty",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Add a folder containing your games to get started.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "No games match your search",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Nothing in the library matches “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Add game folder",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Loading library…",
+
+  "Options.General": "General",
+  "Options.Env.Tab": "Environment",
+  "Options.Section.Environment": "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES",
+  "Options.Env.Desc": "Switches passed to the emulator as environment variables at launch.",
+  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Report Bluetooth HID as unavailable for titles whose wheel/FFB middleware polls forever.\nLeave off normally. Some titles freeze when init fails.",
+  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Do not force quit titles that repeat the same call for too long.\nTry this when a game exits on its own while loading.",
+  "Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc": "Enable Vulkan validation layers for GPU debugging.\nSlow. Requires the Vulkan SDK to be installed.",
+  "Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc": "Dump AGC shaders and their SPIR-V translations to the shader-dumps folder.\nUse when reporting shader or rendering bugs.",
+  "Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc": "Log direct memory allocations and failures to the console.\nUse when a game aborts or exits during boot.",
+  "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "Log NP (PlayStation Network) library calls to the console.",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULATION",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGGING",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LAUNCHER",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU engine",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Execution engine used to run game code.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Native",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Strict dynlib resolution",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Fail the launch when an imported symbol cannot be resolved.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Log level",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Verbosity of the emulator console output.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Warning",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Error",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Critical",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Import trace limit",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Trace the first N imports per module (0 = off).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Log to file",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Mirror emulator output to a log file.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Log file path",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "No custom path — logs go to user/logs next to the emulator.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Select…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Override log file",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Use the exact file path instead of appending title ID and timestamp.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Title music",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Loop the selected game's preview music in the library.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Discord presence",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Show the running game on your Discord profile.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Emulator language",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Language used throughout the launcher. Applies immediately.",
+
+  "Common.On": "On",
+  "Common.Off": "Off",
+
+  "Console.Title": "CONSOLE",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Search...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Auto-scroll",
+  "Console.Split": "Split",
+  "Console.Copy": "Copy",
+  "Console.Clear": "Clear",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu Console",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "No game selected",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Pick a game from the library, or open an eboot.bin directly.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Idle",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Console",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Launch",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Stop",
+  "Launch.Running": "Running — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Stopping…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Exited with code {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "SharpEmu executable not found. Build the SharpEmu.CLI project first (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Log file: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Failed to start the emulator: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "Process exited with code {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "invalid arguments",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot not found",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "runtime exception",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "emulation error",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "unknown",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulator: locating…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulator: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulator: SharpEmu executable not found — build SharpEmu.CLI first.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Scanning library…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Add a game folder to populate the library.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Library scanned: {0} game(s) in {1} folder(s).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Could not open folder: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} copied to clipboard.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "Removed “{0}” from the library. Re-add its folder to restore it.",
+  "Status.Running": "Running {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Stopping…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Idle",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Path",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "Title ID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Playing {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Browsing the library",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Choose a folder containing games",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Open an executable to launch",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PS executables",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Select where to save the Log file",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Plain Text Files",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Log Files",
+
+  "Options.About" : "About",
+  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
+  "About.Github.Desc": "Source code, issues and project development.",
+  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
+  "About.Discord.Desc": "Join the community, get support and follow development.",
+  "About.GithubButton": "Contribute in GitHub!",
+  "About.DiscordButton": "Join our Discord!"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/es.json

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Español",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Biblioteca",
+  "Page.Options": "Opciones",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 juego",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} juegos",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Buscar en la biblioteca…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Añadir carpeta",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Volver a escanear",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Abrir archivo…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Iniciar",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Abrir carpeta de juegos",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Copiar ruta",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Copiar ID del título",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Eliminar de la biblioteca",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Tu biblioteca está vacía",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Añade una carpeta que contenga tus juegos para empezar.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Ningún juego coincide con la búsqueda",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "No se ha encontrado nada en la biblioteca que coincida con “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Añadir carpeta de juegos",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Cargando biblioteca…",
+
+  "Options.General": "General",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULACIÓN",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGS",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LAUNCHER",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "Motor de CPU",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Motor utilizado para ejecutar el código del juego.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Nativo",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Resolución estricta de dynlib (Bibliotecas dinámicas)",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Detener la ejecución cuando un símbolo importado no se pueda resolver.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Nivel de Log",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Verbosidad de la salida en consola del emulador.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trazas",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Depuración",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Información",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Advertencia",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Error",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Crítico",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Límite de trazado de importaciones",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Trazar las primeras N importaciones por módulo (0 = off).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Registrar log en archivo",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Duplicar la salida del emulador en un archivo de logs.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Ruta del archivo de Log",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Sin ruta personalizada — los logs van a user/logs al lado del emulador.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Seleccionar…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Sobreescribir archivo de logs",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Utilizar la misma ruta para el archivo de logs en vez de añadir la ID del título y marca de tiempo.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Música del título",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Repetir en bucle la preview de la música del juego seleccionado en la biblioteca.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Actividad de Discord",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Mostrar juego en ejecución en tu perfil de Discord.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Idioma del emulador",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Idioma utilizado en todo el launcher. Se aplica inmediatamente.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Encendido",
+  "Common.Off": "Apagado",
+
+  "Console.Title": "CONSOLA",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Buscar...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Desplazamiento automático",
+  "Console.Split": "Desacoplar",
+  "Console.Copy": "Copiar",
+  "Console.Clear": "Limpiar",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "Consola SharpEmu",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "No hay ningún juego seleccionado",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Selecciona un juego de la biblioteca o abre un eboot.bin directamente.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Inactivo",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Consola",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Iniciar",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Detener",
+  "Launch.Running": "En ejecución — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Deteniendo…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Finalizó con el código {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "No se ha encontrado el ejecutable de SharpEmu. Compila previamente el proyecto SharpEmu.CLI (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Archivo de Log: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Error al iniciar el emulador: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "El proceso finalizó con el código {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "argumentos no válidos",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "no se encontró eboot",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "excepción en tiempo de ejecución",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "error de emulación",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "desconocido",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulador: localizando…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulador: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulador: No se encontró el ejecutable de SharpEmu — compila previamente SharpEmu.CLI.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Escaneando biblioteca…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Añade una carpeta de juegos para poblar la biblioteca.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Biblioteca escaneada: Se encontraron {0} juego(s) en {1} carpeta(s).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "No se ha podido abrir la carpeta: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} copiado al portapapeles.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "Se eliminó “{0}” de la biblioteca. Vuelve a añadir su carpeta para restaurarlo.",
+  "Status.Running": "Ejecutando {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Deteniendo…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Inactivo",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Ruta",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "ID del título",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Jugando a {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Navegando en la biblioteca, buscando un juego para divertirse.",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Selecciona una carpeta que contenga juegos",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Abrir un ejecutable para iniciar",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Ejecutables de PS",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Selecciona dónde guardar el archivo de Logs",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Archivos en texto plano",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Archivos de Log",
+
+  "Options.About" : "Informacion",
+  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
+  "About.Github.Desc": "Código fuente, issues y desarrollo del proyecto.",
+  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
+  "About.Discord.Desc": "Únete a la comunidad, recibe soporte y sigue el desarrollo.",
+  "About.GithubButton": "Contribuye en GitHub!",
+  "About.DiscordButton": "Únete a nuestro Discord!"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/fr.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Français",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Bibliothèque",
+  "Page.Options": "Options",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 jeu",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} jeux",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Rechercher dans la bibliothèque…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Ajouter un dossier",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Analyser à nouveau",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Ouvrir un fichier…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Lancer",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Ouvrir le dossier du jeu",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Copier le chemin",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Copier l’identifiant du jeu",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Retirer de la bibliothèque",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Votre bibliothèque est vide",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Ajoutez un dossier contenant vos jeux pour commencer.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Aucun jeu ne correspond à votre recherche",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Aucun élément de la bibliothèque ne correspond à « {0} ».",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Ajouter un dossier de jeux",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Chargement de la bibliothèque…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Général",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "ÉMULATION",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "JOURNALISATION",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LANCEUR",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "Moteur CPU",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Moteur d’exécution utilisé pour exécuter le code du jeu.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Natif",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Résolution stricte des bibliothèques dynamiques",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Interrompre le lancement lorsqu’un symbole importé ne peut pas être résolu.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Niveau de journalisation",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Niveau de détail des messages affichés dans la console de l’émulateur.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Traçage",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Débogage",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Informations",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Avertissements",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Erreurs",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Erreurs critiques",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Limite de traçage des imports",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Tracer les N premiers imports de chaque module (0 = désactivé).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Enregistrer dans un fichier",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Copier la sortie de l’émulateur dans un fichier journal.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Chemin du fichier journal",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Aucun chemin personnalisé — les journaux sont enregistrés dans user/logs à côté de l’émulateur.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Sélectionner…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Remplacer le fichier journal",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Utiliser exactement ce chemin au lieu d’ajouter l’identifiant du jeu et l’horodatage.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Musique du jeu",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Lire en boucle la musique d’aperçu du jeu sélectionné dans la bibliothèque.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Présence Discord",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Afficher le jeu en cours d’exécution sur votre profil Discord.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Langue de l’émulateur",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Langue utilisée dans l’ensemble du lanceur. Le changement est immédiat.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Activé",
+  "Common.Off": "Désactivé",
+
+  "Console.Title": "CONSOLE",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Rechercher…",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Défilement automatique",
+  "Console.Split": "Détacher",
+  "Console.Copy": "Copier",
+  "Console.Clear": "Effacer",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "Console SharpEmu",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Aucun jeu sélectionné",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Choisissez un jeu dans la bibliothèque ou ouvrez directement un fichier eboot.bin.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Inactif",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Console",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Lancer",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Arrêter",
+  "Launch.Running": "En cours d’exécution — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Arrêt en cours…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Processus terminé avec le code {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "L’exécutable SharpEmu est introuvable. Compilez d’abord le projet SharpEmu.CLI (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Fichier journal : {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Impossible de démarrer l’émulateur : {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "Le processus s’est terminé avec le code {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "arguments non valides",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot introuvable",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "exception d’exécution",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "erreur d’émulation",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "inconnu",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Émulateur : recherche en cours…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Émulateur : {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Émulateur : l’exécutable SharpEmu est introuvable — compilez d’abord SharpEmu.CLI.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Analyse de la bibliothèque…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Ajoutez un dossier de jeux pour remplir la bibliothèque.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Bibliothèque analysée : {0} jeu(x) dans {1} dossier(s).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Impossible d’ouvrir le dossier : {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} copié dans le presse-papiers.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "« {0} » a été retiré de la bibliothèque. Ajoutez à nouveau son dossier pour le restaurer.",
+  "Status.Running": "Exécution de {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Arrêt en cours…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Inactif",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Chemin",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "Identifiant du jeu",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Joue à {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Parcourt la bibliothèque",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Choisir un dossier contenant des jeux",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Ouvrir un exécutable à lancer",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Exécutables PlayStation",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Choisir l’emplacement du fichier journal",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Fichiers texte brut",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Fichiers journaux"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/hu.json

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Hungarian",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Könyvtár",
+  "Page.Options": "Beállítások",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 játék",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} játékok",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Keresés a könyvtárban",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Mappa hozzáadása",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Újrakeresés",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Fájl megnyitása…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Inditás",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Játékmappa megnyitása",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Elérési út másolása",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Cím ID másolása",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Eltávolítás a Könyvtárból",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "A könyvtárad üres",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Add meg a játékaidat tartalmazó mappát a kezdáshez.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Nincs találat a elemre",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "A könyvtárban nincs olyan elem, amely egyezne a „{0}” kifejezéssel.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Játékmappa hozzáadása",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Könyvtár betöltése",
+
+  "Options.General": "Általános",
+  "Options.Env.Tab": "Környezet",
+  "Options.Section.Environment": "KÖRNYEZETI VÁLTOZÓK",
+  "Options.Env.Desc": "Indításkor környezeti változóként az emulátorhoz átadott kapcsolók.",
+  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Jelenti, amely címeknél a Bluetooth HID nem elérhető, amelyeknél a kormány/FFB-közbenső szoftver végtelenül lekérdezi az adatokat.\nNormál esetben hagyja ki. Egyes címek lefagyanak, ha az inicializálás sikertelen.",
+  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Ne erőltesse a kilépést azoknál a címeknél, amelyek túl sokáig ismételnek ugyanazt a hívást.\nPróbálja ki ezt, ha egy játék betöltés közben magától kilép.",
+  "Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc": "Engedélyezze a Vulkan-érvényesítési rétegeket a GPU hibakereséshez.\nLassú. A Vulkan SDK telepítését igényli.",
+  "Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc": "Az AGC-shaderek és azok SPIR-V-fordításainak mentése a shader-dumps mappába.\nHasználd shader- vagy renderelési hibák jelentésekor.",
+  "Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc": "A közvetlen memóriaallokációk és hibák naplózása a konzolra.\nHasználd, ha egy játék a rendszerindítás során megszakad vagy kilép.",
+  "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "Az NP (PlayStation Network) könyvtárhívásokat naplózza a konzolra.",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULÁCIÓ",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGOLÁS",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "INDITÓ",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU motor",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "A játék kódjának futtatásához használt végrehajtó motor.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Natív",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Szigorú dynlib felbontás",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Indítás megszakítása, ha egy importált szimbólum nem oldható fel.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Naplózási szint",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Az emulátor konzol kimenetének részletessége.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Információ",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Figyelmeztetés",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Hiba",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Kritikus",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Import trace limit",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Az első N darab import nyomon követése modulonként (0 = ki).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Naplozás fájlba",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Az emulátor kimenetének tükrözése egy log fájlba.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Naplófájl elérési útja",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Nincs egyéni út — a logok az emulátor melletti user/logs mappába kerülnek.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Kiválasztás…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Naplófájl felülírása",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "A pontos fájlútvonal használata a cím ID és időbélyeg hozzáfűzése helyett.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Címzene",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "A kiválasztott játék előnézeti zenéjének ismétlése a könyvtárban.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Discord jelenlét",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "A futó játék megjelenítése a Discord profilodon.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Emulátor nyelve",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Az indítóban használt nyelv. Azonnal érvénybe lép.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Be",
+  "Common.Off": "Ki",
+
+  "Console.Title": "KONZOL",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Keresés...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Automatikus görgetés",
+  "Console.Split": "Felosztás",
+  "Console.Copy": "Másolás",
+  "Console.Clear": "Törlés",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu Konzol",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Nincs játék kiválasztva",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Válassz egy játékot a könyvtárból, vagy nyiss meg közvetlenül egy eboot.bin fájlt.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Tétlen",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Konzol",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Inditás",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Leállítás",
+  "Launch.Running": "Fut — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Leállítás…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Kilépett a következő kóddal: {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "A SharpEmu futtatható fájl nem található. Előbb építsd fel a SharpEmu.CLI projektet (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Naplófájl: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Nem sikerült elindítani az emulátort: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "A folyamat kilépett a következő kóddal: {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "nemérvényes argumentumok",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot nem található",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "runtime exception",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "emulációs hiba",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "ismeretlen",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulátor: keresés…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulátor: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulátor: a SharpEmu futtatható fájl nem található — előbb építsd fel a SharpEmu.CLI-t.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Könyvtár beolvasása…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Adj hozzá egy játékmappát a könyvtár feltöltéséhez.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Könyvtár beolvasva: {0} játék {1} mappában.",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Nem sikerült megnyitni a mappát: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} másolva a vágólapra.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "„{0}” eltávolítva a könyvtárból. A visszaállításához add hozzá újra a mappáját.",
+  "Status.Running": "Fut {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Leállítás…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Nyugodt",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Út",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "Cím ID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Játékban {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Böngéssz a könyvtárban",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Válassz egy mappát ami a játékaidat tartalmazza",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Futtatható fájl megnyitása az indításhoz",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PS futtatható fájlok",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Válaszd ki, hogy hova szeretnéd menteni a napló fájlokat",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Egyszerű szöveges fájlok",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Naplózási fájlok",
+
+  "Options.About" : "Erről",
+  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
+  "About.Github.Desc": "Forrás kód, hibajelentések és a projekt fejlesztése.",
+  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
+  "About.Discord.Desc": "Csatlakozz a közösséghe, kérj segítéget és kövesd nyomon a fejlesztést.",
+  "About.GithubButton": "Járulj hozzá GitHubon!",
+  "About.DiscordButton": "Csatlakozz a Discordunhoz!"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/it.json

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Italiano",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Libreria",
+  "Page.Options": "Opzioni",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 gioco",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} giochi",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Cerca nella libreria…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Aggiungi cartella",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Riscansiona",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Apri file…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Avvia",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Apri cartella gioco",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Copia percorso",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Copia ID titolo",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Rimuovi dalla libreria",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "La tua libreria è vuota",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Aggiungi la cartella che contiene i tuoi giochi per partire.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Nessun gioco corrisponde alla ricerca",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Nulla nella libreria corrisponde a “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Aggiungi cartella giochi",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Caricamento libreria…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Generale",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULAZIONE",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOG",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LAUNCHER",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU engine",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Motore di esecuzione utilizzato per eseguire il codice del gioco.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Nativo",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Risoluzione rigorosa dynlib",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Interrompi l'avvio quando un simbolo importato non può essere trovato.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Livello Log",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Livello di dettaglio dell'output console dell'emulatore.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Warning",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Error",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Critical",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Limite tracciamento import",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Traccia i primi N import per modulo (0 = disattivato).",
+
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Salva log su file",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Duplica l'output dell'emulatore in un file di log.",
+
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Percorso file di log",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Nessun percorso personalizzato — i log vengono salvati in user/logs accanto all'emulatore.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Seleziona…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Sovrascrivi file di log",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Usa esattamente il percorso specificato invece di aggiungere Title ID e timestamp.",
+
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Musica del titolo",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Riproduci in loop la musica di anteprima del gioco selezionato nella libreria.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Presenza Discord",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Mostra il gioco in esecuzione sul tuo profilo Discord.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Lingua dell'emulatore",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Lingua utilizzata in tutto il launcher. Viene applicata immediatamente.",
+
+  "Common.On": "On",
+  "Common.Off": "Off",
+
+  "Console.Title": "CONSOLE",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Cerca...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Scorrimento automatico",
+  "Console.Split": "Dividi",
+  "Console.Copy": "Copia",
+  "Console.Clear": "Cancella",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "Console SharpEmu",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Nessun gioco selezionato",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Scegli un gioco dalla libreria, oppure apri direttamente un eboot.bin.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Inattivo",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Console",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Avvia",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Ferma",
+  "Launch.Running": "In esecuzione — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Arresto in corso…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Terminato con codice {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "Eseguibile SharpEmu non trovato. Compila prima il progetto SharpEmu.CLI (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "File di log: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Impossibile avviare l'emulatore: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "Processo terminato con codice {0} ({1}).",
+
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "argomenti non validi",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot non trovato",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "errore di runtime",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "errore di emulazione",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "sconosciuto",
+
+  
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulatore: ricerca in corso…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulatore: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulatore: eseguibile SharpEmu non trovato — compila prima SharpEmu.CLI.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Scansione della libreria…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Aggiungi una cartella di giochi per popolare la libreria.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Libreria scansionata: {0} gioco/giochi in {1} cartella/e.",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Impossibile aprire la cartella: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} copiato negli appunti.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "“{0}” rimosso dalla libreria. Riaggiungi la sua cartella per ripristinarlo.",
+  "Status.Running": "In esecuzione: {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Arresto in corso…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Inattivo",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Percorso",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "ID Titolo",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Sta giocando a {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Sta esplorando la libreria",
+  
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Scegli una cartella contenente giochi",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Apri un eseguibile da avviare",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Eseguibili PS",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Scegli dove salvare il file di log",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "File di testo semplice",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "File di log"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ja.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "日本語",
+
+  "Page.Library": "ライブラリ",
+  "Page.Options": "オプション",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "ゲーム 1本",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "ゲーム {0}本",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "ライブラリを検索…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ フォルダーを追加",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ 再スキャン",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "ファイルを開く…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "起動",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "ゲームフォルダーを開く",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "パスをコピー",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "ゲームIDをコピー",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "ライブラリから削除",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "ライブラリが空です",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "開始するには、ゲームが含まれるフォルダーを追加してください。",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "検索条件に一致するゲームが見つかりません",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "ライブラリに「{0}」と一致する項目はありません。",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ ゲームフォルダーを追加",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "ライブラリを読み込み中…",
+
+  "Options.General": "一般",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "エミュレーション",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "ロギング",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "ランチャー",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPUエンジン",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "ゲームコードを実行するために使用される実行エンジン。",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "ネイティブ",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "厳格な動的ライブラリ解決",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "インポートされたシンボルが解決できない場合、起動を中断します。",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "ログレベル",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "エミュレータコンソールに表示されるメッセージの詳細度。",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "トレース",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "デバッグ",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "情報",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "警告",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "エラー",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "致命的なエラー",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "インポートトレース制限",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "各モジュールの最初のN個のインポートをトレースします（0 = 無効）。",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "ファイルに保存",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "エミュレータの出力をログファイルにコピーします。",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "ログファイルのパス",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "カスタムパスなし — ログはエミュレータと同じ場所の user/logs フォルダーに保存されます。",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "選択…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "ログファイルを上書き",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "ゲームIDやタイムスタンプを追加せず、指定されたパスをそのまま使用します。",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "ゲーム内音楽",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "ライブラリで選択したゲームのプレビュー音楽をループ再生します。",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Discordステータス表示",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "現在プレイ中のゲームをDiscordのプロフィールに表示します。",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "エミュレータの言語",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "ランチャー全体で使用される言語。変更はすぐに適用されます。",
+
+  "Common.On": "オン",
+  "Common.Off": "オフ",
+
+  "Console.Title": "コンソール",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "検索…",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "自動スクロール",
+  "Console.Split": "ウィンドウを分離",
+  "Console.Copy": "コピー",
+  "Console.Clear": "消去",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu コンソール",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "ゲームが選択されていません",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "ライブラリからゲームを選択するか、eboot.bin ファイルを直接開いてください。",
+  "Launch.Idle": "待機中",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ コンソール",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  起動",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  停止",
+  "Launch.Running": "実行中 — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "停止中…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "プロセスがコード {0} ({1}) で終了しました",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "SharpEmuの実行ファイルが見つかりません。先に SharpEmu.CLI プロジェクトをビルドしてください（dotnet build）。",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "ログファイル: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "エミュレータを起動できませんでした: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "プロセスがコード {0} ({1}) で終了しました。",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "無効な引数",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot が見つかりません",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "ランタイム例外",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "エミュレーションエラー",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "不明",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "エミュレータ: 位置を検索中…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "エミュレータ: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "エミュレータ: SharpEmuの実行ファイルが見つかりません — 先に SharpEmu.CLI をビルドしてください。",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "ライブラリをスキャン中…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "ライブラリに表示するゲームフォルダーを追加してください。",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "ライブラリのスキャン完了: {1} 個のフォルダーから {0} 本のゲームを検出。",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "フォルダーを開けませんでした: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "「{0}」をクリップボードにコピーしました。",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "「{0}」がライブラリから削除されました。復元するにはフォルダーを再追加してください。",
+  "Status.Running": "{0} を実行中",
+  "Status.Stopping": "停止中…",
+  "Status.Idle": "待機中",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "パス",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "ゲームID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "{0} をプレイ中",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "ライブラリを閲覧中",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "ゲームが含まれるフォルダーを選択",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "起動する実行ファイルを開く",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PlayStation 実行ファイル",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "ログファイルの保存先を選択",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "プレーンテキストファイル",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "ログファイル"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ko.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "한국어",
+
+  "Page.Library": "라이브러리",
+  "Page.Options": "옵션",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "게임 1개",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "게임 {0}개",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "라이브러리 검색…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ 폴더 추가",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ 다시 스캔",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "파일 열기…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "실행",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "게임 폴더 열기",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "경로 복사",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "게임 ID 복사",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "라이브러리에서 제거",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "라이브러리가 비어 있습니다",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "시작하려면 게임이 포함된 폴더를 추가하세요.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "검색 결과와 일치하는 게임이 없습니다",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "라이브러리에 '{0}'와(과) 일치하는 항목이 없습니다.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ 게임 폴더 추가",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "라이브러리 불러오는 중…",
+
+  "Options.General": "일반",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "에뮬레이션",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "로깅",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "런처",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU 엔진",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "게임 코드를 실행하는 데 사용되는 실행 엔진입니다.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "네이티브",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "엄격한 동적 라이브러리 해석",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "가져온 심볼을 해석할 수 없는 경우 실행을 중단합니다.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "로그 수준",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "에뮬레이터 콘솔에 표시할 메시지의 세부 정보 수준입니다.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "트레이스",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "디버그",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "정보",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "경고",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "오류",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "치명적 오류",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "가져오기 트레이스 한도",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "각 모듈의 처음 N개 가져오기를 트레이스합니다 (0 = 비활성화).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "파일로 저장",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "에뮬레이터 출력을 로그 파일에 복사합니다.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "로그 파일 경로",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "사용자 지정 경로 없음 — 로그는 에뮬레이터 옆의 user/logs 폴더에 저장됩니다.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "선택…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "로그 파일 덮어쓰기",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "게임 ID와 타임스탬프를 추가하는 대신 정확히 이 경로를 사용합니다.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "게임 음악",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "라이브러리에서 선택한 게임의 미리보기 음악을 반복 재생합니다.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "디스코드 상태 표시",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "디스코드 프로필에 현재 실행 중인 게임을 표시합니다.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "에뮬레이터 언어",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "런처 전체에 사용되는 언어입니다. 변경 사항은 즉시 적용됩니다.",
+
+  "Common.On": "켬",
+  "Common.Off": "끔",
+
+  "Console.Title": "콘솔",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "검색…",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "자동 스크롤",
+  "Console.Split": "창 분리",
+  "Console.Copy": "복사",
+  "Console.Clear": "지우기",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu 콘솔",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "선택된 게임 없음",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "라이브러리에서 게임을 선택하거나 eboot.bin 파일을 직접 여세요.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "대기 중",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ 콘솔",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  실행",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  중지",
+  "Launch.Running": "실행 중 — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "중지 중…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "프로세스가 코드 {0} ({1})(으)로 종료되었습니다",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "SharpEmu 실행 파일을 찾을 수 없습니다. 먼저 SharpEmu.CLI 프로젝트를 컴파일하세요 (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "로그 파일: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "에뮬레이터를 시작할 수 없습니다: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "프로세스가 코드 {0} ({1})(으)로 종료되었습니다.",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "확인",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "잘못된 인수",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot을 찾을 수 없음",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "런타임 예외",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "에뮬레이션 오류",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "알 수 없음",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "에뮬레이터: 위치 검색 중…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "에뮬레이터: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "에뮬레이터: SharpEmu 실행 파일을 찾을 수 없습니다 — 먼저 SharpEmu.CLI를 컴파일하세요.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "라이브러리 스캔 중…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "라이브러리를 채우려면 게임 폴더를 추가하세요.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "라이브러리 스캔 완료: {1}개 폴더에서 {0}개 게임 발견.",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "폴더를 열 수 없습니다: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0}이(가) 클립보드에 복사되었습니다.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "'{0}'이(가) 라이브러리에서 제거되었습니다. 복구하려면 폴더를 다시 추가하세요.",
+  "Status.Running": "{0} 실행 중",
+  "Status.Stopping": "중지 중…",
+  "Status.Idle": "대기 중",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "경로",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "게임 ID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "{0} 플레이 중",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "라이브러리 둘러보는 중",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "게임이 포함된 폴더 선택",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "실행할 파일 열기",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PlayStation 실행 파일",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "로그 파일 저장 위치 선택",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "일반 텍스트 파일",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "로그 파일"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/nl.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Nederlands",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Bibliotheek",
+  "Page.Options": "Opties",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 game",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} games",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Zoeken in bibliotheek…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Map toevoegen",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Opnieuw scannen",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Bestand openen…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Starten",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Gamemap openen",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Pad kopiëren",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Titel-ID kopiëren",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Verwijderen uit bibliotheek",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Je bibliotheek is leeg",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Voeg een map met je games toe om te beginnen.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Geen games komen overeen met je zoekopdracht",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Niets in de bibliotheek komt overeen met “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Gamemap toevoegen",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Bibliotheek laden…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Algemeen",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULATIE",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGGING",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LAUNCHER",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU-engine",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Engine die wordt gebruikt om gamecode uit te voeren.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Native",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Strikte dynlib-resolutie",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Laat het opstarten mislukken wanneer een geïmporteerd symbool niet kan worden opgelost.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Logniveau",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Uitgebreidheid van de console-uitvoer van de emulator.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Waarschuwing",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Fout",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Kritiek",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Tracelimiet voor imports",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Traceer de eerste N imports per module (0 = uit).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Loggen naar bestand",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Stuur de uitvoer van de emulator ook naar een logbestand.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Pad naar logbestand",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Geen aangepast pad — logs komen terecht in user/logs naast de emulator.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Selecteren…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Logbestand overschrijven",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Gebruik het exacte bestandspad in plaats van de titel-ID en tijdstempel toe te voegen.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Titelmuziek",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Herhaal de voorbeeldmuziek van de geselecteerde game in de bibliotheek.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Discord-aanwezigheid",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Toon de actieve game op je Discord-profiel.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Taal van de emulator",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Taal die in de hele launcher wordt gebruikt. Wordt direct toegepast.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Aan",
+  "Common.Off": "Uit",
+
+  "Console.Title": "CONSOLE",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Zoeken...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Automatisch scrollen",
+  "Console.Split": "Splitsen",
+  "Console.Copy": "Kopiëren",
+  "Console.Clear": "Wissen",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu-console",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Geen game geselecteerd",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Kies een game uit de bibliotheek, of open direct een eboot.bin-bestand.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Inactief",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Console",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Starten",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Stoppen",
+  "Launch.Running": "Actief — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Stoppen…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Afgesloten met code {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "SharpEmu-uitvoerbaar bestand niet gevonden. Bouw eerst het SharpEmu.CLI-project (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Logbestand: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Starten van de emulator mislukt: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "Proces afgesloten met code {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "ongeldige argumenten",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot niet gevonden",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "runtime-uitzondering",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "emulatiefout",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "onbekend",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulator: zoeken…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulator: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulator: SharpEmu-uitvoerbaar bestand niet gevonden — bouw eerst SharpEmu.CLI.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Bibliotheek scannen…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Voeg een gamemap toe om de bibliotheek te vullen.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Bibliotheek gescand: {0} game(s) in {1} map(pen).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Kan map niet openen: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} gekopieerd naar klembord.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "“{0}” verwijderd uit de bibliotheek. Voeg de map opnieuw toe om dit te herstellen.",
+  "Status.Running": "Actief {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Stoppen…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Inactief",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Pad",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "Titel-ID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Speelt {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Bladert door de bibliotheek",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Kies een map met games",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Open een uitvoerbaar bestand om te starten",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PS-uitvoerbare bestanden",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Selecteer waar het logbestand moet worden opgeslagen",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Platte tekstbestanden",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Logbestanden"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/pt.json

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Português (Portugal)",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Biblioteca",
+  "Page.Options": "Opções",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 jogo",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} jogos",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Pesquisar biblioteca…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Adicionar pasta",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Reanalisar",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Abrir ficheiro…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Iniciar",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Abrir pasta do jogo",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Copiar caminho",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Copiar ID do título",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Remover da biblioteca",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "A sua biblioteca está vazia",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Adicione uma pasta com os seus jogos para começar.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Nenhum jogo corresponde à sua pesquisa",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Nada na biblioteca corresponde a “{0}”.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Adicionar pasta de jogos",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "A carregar biblioteca…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Geral",
+  "Options.Env.Tab": "Ambiente",
+  "Options.Section.Environment": "VARIÁVEIS DE AMBIENTE",
+  "Options.Env.Desc": "Switches passados ao emulador como variáveis de ambiente no arranque.",
+  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Reporta o Bluetooth HID como indisponível para títulos cujo middleware de volante/FFB fica à espera indefinidamente.\nDeixe desativado normalmente. Alguns títulos bloqueiam quando a inicialização falha.",
+  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Não force o encerramento de títulos que repetem a mesma chamada durante demasiado tempo.\nExperimente isto quando um jogo fecha sozinho durante o carregamento.",
+  "Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc": "Ativa as camadas de validação do Vulkan para depuração da GPU.\nLento. Requer que o Vulkan SDK esteja instalado.",
+  "Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc": "Extrai os shaders AGC e as respetivas traduções SPIR-V para a pasta shader-dumps.\nUtilize ao reportar problemas de shaders ou renderização.",
+  "Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc": "Regista alocações de memória direta e falhas na consola.\nUtilize quando um jogo aborta ou fecha durante o arranque.",
+  "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "Regista chamadas da biblioteca NP (PlayStation Network) na consola.",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULAÇÃO",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "REGISTOS",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LANÇADOR",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "Motor de CPU",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Motor de execução utilizado para correr o código do jogo.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Nativo",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Resolução estrita de dynlib",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Falha o arranque quando um símbolo importado não pode ser resolvido.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Nível de registo",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Nível de detalhe da saída da consola do emulador.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Rastreio",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Depuração",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Informação",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Aviso",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Erro",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Crítico",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Limite de rastreio de importações",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Rastreia as primeiras N importações por módulo (0 = desativado).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Registar para ficheiro",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Duplicar a saída do emulador para um ficheiro de registo.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Caminho do ficheiro de registo",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Sem caminho personalizado — os registos vão para user/logs junto ao emulador.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Selecionar…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Substituir ficheiro de registo",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Utilizar o caminho de ficheiro exato em vez de acrescentar o ID do título e a hora.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Música do título",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Repetir em loop a música de pré-visualização do jogo selecionado na biblioteca.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Presença no Discord",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Mostrar o jogo em execução no seu perfil do Discord.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Idioma do emulador",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Idioma utilizado em todo o lançador. Aplica-se de imediato.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Ativado",
+  "Common.Off": "Desativado",
+
+  "Console.Title": "CONSOLA",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Pesquisar...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Deslocamento automático",
+  "Console.Split": "Dividir",
+  "Console.Copy": "Copiar",
+  "Console.Clear": "Limpar",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "Consola do SharpEmu",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Nenhum jogo selecionado",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Escolha um jogo da biblioteca ou abra um eboot.bin diretamente.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Inativo",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Consola",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Iniciar",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Parar",
+  "Launch.Running": "Em execução — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "A parar…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Terminou com o código {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "Executável do SharpEmu não encontrado. Compile primeiro o projeto SharpEmu.CLI (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Ficheiro de registo: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Falha ao iniciar o emulador: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "O processo terminou com o código {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "argumentos inválidos",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot não encontrado",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "exceção em tempo de execução",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "erro de emulação",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "desconhecido",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emulador: a localizar…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emulador: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emulador: executável do SharpEmu não encontrado — compile primeiro o SharpEmu.CLI.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "A analisar biblioteca…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Adicione uma pasta de jogos para preencher a biblioteca.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Biblioteca analisada: {0} jogo(s) em {1} pasta(s).",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Não foi possível abrir a pasta: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} copiado para a área de transferência.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "“{0}” removido da biblioteca. Adicione novamente a pasta para o restaurar.",
+  "Status.Running": "A executar {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "A parar…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Inativo",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Caminho",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "ID do título",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "A jogar {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "A navegar na biblioteca",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Escolha uma pasta com jogos",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Abrir um executável para iniciar",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Executáveis PS",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Selecione onde guardar o ficheiro de registo",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Ficheiros de Texto Simples",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Ficheiros de Registo",
+
+  "Options.About" : "Sobre",
+  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
+  "About.Github.Desc": "Código-fonte, problemas e desenvolvimento do projeto.",
+  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
+  "About.Discord.Desc": "Junte-se à comunidade, obtenha suporte e acompanhe o desenvolvimento.",
+  "About.GithubButton": "Contribua no GitHub!",
+  "About.DiscordButton": "Junte-se ao nosso Discord!"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ru.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Русский",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Библиотека",
+  "Page.Options": "Настройки",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 игра",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "Игр: {0}",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Поиск…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Добавить папку",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Сканировать",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Открыть файл…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Запустить",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Открыть папку с игрой",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Скопировать путь",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Скопировать ID игры",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Удалить из библиотеки",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Ваша библиотека пуста",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Добавьте папку с играми, чтобы начать.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "По вашему запросу ничего не найдено",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "В библиотеке нет игр, соответствующих запросу «{0}».",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Добавить папку с играми",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Загрузка библиотеки…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Основные",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "ЭМУЛЯЦИЯ",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "ЛОГГИРОВАНИЕ",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "ЛАУНЧЕР",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "Движок ЦП",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Движок выполнения, используемый для запуска игрового кода.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Нативный",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Строгое разрешение динамических библиотек",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "Не запускать игру, если не удается найти или связать импортируемую функцию/переменную.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Уровень логгирования",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Подробность вывода в консоль эмулятора.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Warning",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Error",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Critical",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Лимит трассировки импортов",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Трассировать первые N импортов в каждом модуле (0 - выключено).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Запись лога в файл",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Дублировать вывод эмулятора в файл лога.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Путь к файлу лога",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Пользовательский путь не задан: логи сохраняются в user/logs рядом с эмулятором.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Выбрать…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Переопределить файл лога",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Использовать указанный путь к файлу без добавления ID игры и метки времени.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Музыка игры",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Зацикленно воспроизводить музыку предпросмотра выбранной игры в библиотеке.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Статус Discord",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Показывать запущенную игру в профиле Discord.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Язык эмулятора",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Язык интерфейса лаунчера. Изменение применяется сразу.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Включено",
+  "Common.Off": "Выключено",
+
+  "Console.Title": "КОНСОЛЬ",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Поиск...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Авто-прокрутка",
+  "Console.Split": "Разделить",
+  "Console.Copy": "Скопировать",
+  "Console.Clear": "Очистить",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "Консоль SharpEmu",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Ничего не выбрано",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Выберите игру из библиотеки или откройте eboot.bin напрямую.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Ожидание",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Консоль",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Запустить",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Остановить",
+  "Launch.Running": "Запущено - {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Остановка…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Завершено с кодом {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "Исполняемый файл SharpEmu не найден. Скомпилируйте сначала проект SharpEmu.CLI (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Лог: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Не удалось запустить эмулятор: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "Процесс завершился с кодом {0} ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "OK",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "некорректные аргументы",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot не найден",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "ошибка выполнения",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "ошибка эмуляции",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "неизвестная ошибка",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Эмулятор: поиск…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Эмулятор: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Эмулятор: исполняемый файл SharpEmu не был найден - скомпилируйте сначала SharpEmu.CLI.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Сканирование библиотеки…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Добавьте папку с играми, чтобы заполнить библиотеку.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Сканирование библиотеки завершено: игр: {0}, папок: {1}.",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Не удалось открыть папку: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0}: скопировано в буфер обмена.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "Игра «{0}» удалена из библиотеки. Добавьте её папку заново, чтобы вернуть.",
+  "Status.Running": "Запущено: {0}",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Остановка…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Ожидание",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Путь",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "ID игры",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "Играет в {0}",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Просматривает библиотеку",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Выберите папку, содержащую игры",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Открыть исполняемый файл для запуска",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Исполняемые файлы PS",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Выберите, куда сохранить файл с логами",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Текстовые файлы",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Логи"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/tr.json

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+  "_languageName": "Türkçe",
+
+  "Page.Library": "Kütüphane",
+  "Page.Options": "Ayarlar",
+  "Page.GameCount.One": "1 oyun",
+  "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} oyun",
+
+  "Library.SearchWatermark": "Kütüphanede ara…",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Klasör ekle",
+  "Library.Rescan": "⟳ Yeniden tara",
+  "Library.OpenFile": "Dosya aç…",
+
+  "Library.Context.Launch": "Başlat",
+  "Library.Context.OpenFolder": "Oyun klasörünü aç",
+  "Library.Context.CopyPath": "Yolu kopyala",
+  "Library.Context.CopyTitleId": "Title ID'yi kopyala",
+  "Library.Context.Remove": "Kütüphaneden kaldır",
+
+  "Library.Empty.Title": "Kütüphaneniz boş",
+  "Library.Empty.Hint": "Başlamak için oyunlarınızı içeren bir klasör ekleyin.",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchTitle": "Aramanızla eşleşen oyun yok",
+  "Library.Empty.SearchHint": "Kütüphanede “{0}” ile eşleşen bir şey yok.",
+  "Library.Empty.AddFolder": "＋ Oyun klasörü ekle",
+
+  "Library.Loading": "Kütüphane yükleniyor…",
+
+  "Options.General": "Genel",
+  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMÜLASYON",
+  "Options.Section.Logging": "GÜNLÜKLEME",
+  "Options.Section.Launcher": "BAŞLATICI",
+
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Label": "CPU motoru",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Desc": "Oyun kodunu çalıştırmak için kullanılan yürütme motoru.",
+  "Options.CpuEngine.Native": "Native",
+
+  "Options.Strict.Label": "Katı dynlib çözümü",
+  "Options.Strict.Desc": "İçe aktarılan bir sembol çözümlenemediğinde başlatmayı başarısız kılar.",
+
+  "Options.LogLevel.Label": "Günlük seviyesi",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Desc": "Emülatör konsol çıktısının ayrıntı düzeyi.",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Trace": "Trace",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Debug": "Debug",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Info": "Info",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Warning": "Warning",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Error": "Error",
+  "Options.LogLevel.Critical": "Critical",
+
+  "Options.TraceImports.Label": "Import izleme sınırı",
+  "Options.TraceImports.Desc": "Modül başına ilk N import'u izle (0 = kapalı).",
+
+  "Options.LogToFile.Label": "Dosyaya günlükle",
+  "Options.LogToFile.Desc": "Emülatör çıktısını bir günlük dosyasına yansıt.",
+
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Label": "Günlük dosyası yolu",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Default": "Özel yol yok — günlükler emülatörün yanındaki user/logs klasörüne yazılır.",
+  "Options.LogFilePath.Select": "Seç…",
+
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Label": "Günlük dosyasının üzerine yaz",
+  "Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc": "Title ID ve zaman damgası eklemek yerine tam dosya yolunu kullan.",
+
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Label": "Oyun müziği",
+  "Options.TitleMusic.Desc": "Kütüphanede seçili oyunun önizleme müziğini döngüye al.",
+
+  "Options.Discord.Label": "Discord durumu",
+  "Options.Discord.Desc": "Discord profilinde çalışan oyunu göster.",
+
+  "Options.Language.Label": "Emülatör dili",
+  "Options.Language.Desc": "Başlatıcı genelinde kullanılan dil. Hemen uygulanır.",
+
+  "Common.On": "Açık",
+  "Common.Off": "Kapalı",
+
+  "Console.Title": "KONSOL",
+  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Ara...",
+  "Console.AutoScroll": "Otomatik kaydır",
+  "Console.Split": "Ayır",
+  "Console.Copy": "Kopyala",
+  "Console.Clear": "Temizle",
+  "Console.WindowTitle": "SharpEmu Konsol",
+
+  "Launch.NoGameSelected": "Oyun seçilmedi",
+  "Launch.NoGameHint": "Kütüphaneden bir oyun seçin veya doğrudan bir eboot.bin açın.",
+  "Launch.Idle": "Boşta",
+  "Launch.Console": "≡ Konsol",
+  "Launch.Launch": "▶  Başlat",
+  "Launch.Stop": "■  Durdur",
+  "Launch.Running": "Çalışıyor — {0}",
+  "Launch.Stopping": "Durduruluyor…",
+  "Launch.Exited": "Çıkış kodu {0} ({1})",
+  "Launch.ExeNotFound": "SharpEmu çalıştırılabilir dosyası bulunamadı. Önce SharpEmu.CLI projesini derleyin (dotnet build).",
+  "Launch.LogFile": "Günlük dosyası: {0}",
+  "Launch.Command": "$ SharpEmu {0}",
+  "Launch.StartFailed": "Emülatör başlatılamadı: {0}",
+  "Launch.ProcessExited": "İşlem {0} kodla sonlandı ({1}).",
+
+  "Exit.Ok": "Tamam",
+  "Exit.InvalidArguments": "geçersiz argümanlar",
+  "Exit.EbootNotFound": "eboot bulunamadı",
+  "Exit.RuntimeException": "çalışma zamanı hatası",
+  "Exit.EmulationError": "emülasyon hatası",
+  "Exit.Unknown": "bilinmiyor",
+
+  "Status.EmulatorLocating": "Emülatör: bulunuyor…",
+  "Status.EmulatorPath": "Emülatör: {0}",
+  "Status.EmulatorNotFound": "Emülatör: SharpEmu çalıştırılabilir dosyası bulunamadı — önce SharpEmu.CLI'yi derleyin.",
+  "Status.ScanningLibrary": "Kütüphane taranıyor…",
+  "Status.AddFolderPrompt": "Kütüphaneyi doldurmak için bir oyun klasörü ekleyin.",
+  "Status.LibraryScanned": "Kütüphane tarandı: {1} klasörde {0} oyun.",
+  "Status.CouldNotOpenFolder": "Klasör açılamadı: {0}",
+  "Status.CopiedToClipboard": "{0} panoya kopyalandı.",
+  "Status.RemovedFromLibrary": "“{0}” kütüphaneden kaldırıldı. Geri getirmek için klasörünü yeniden ekleyin.",
+  "Status.Running": "{0} çalışıyor",
+  "Status.Stopping": "Durduruluyor…",
+  "Status.Idle": "Boşta",
+
+  "Clipboard.Path": "Yol",
+  "Clipboard.TitleId": "Title ID",
+
+  "Discord.Playing": "{0} oynuyor",
+  "Discord.Browsing": "Kütüphaneye göz atıyor",
+
+  "Dialog.ChooseGameFolder": "Oyunlarınızı içeren bir klasör seçin",
+  "Dialog.OpenExecutable": "Başlatılacak bir çalıştırılabilir dosya aç",
+  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PS çalıştırılabilirleri",
+  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Günlük dosyasının kaydedileceği yeri seçin",
+  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Düz Metin Dosyaları",
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Günlük Dosyaları"
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Localization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Loads UI strings for the launcher. Every language ships embedded in the
+/// assembly (see SharpEmu.GUI.csproj) so a release build is fully
+/// self-contained; an optional Languages/&lt;code&gt;.json file next to the
+/// executable overrides the embedded copy for that code, so a translation
+/// fix or a brand-new language never needs a rebuild.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class Localization
+{
+    public static Localization Instance { get; } = new();
+
+    public sealed record LanguageInfo(string Code, string NativeName);
+
+    private const string EmbeddedResourcePrefix = "Languages.";
+    private const string EmbeddedResourceSuffix = ".json";
+
+    private Dictionary<string, string> _strings = new();
+    private Dictionary<string, string> _fallbackStrings = new();
+
+
+    private Localization()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Directory holding optional *.json language overrides, next to the executable.</summary>
+    public static string LanguagesDirectory => Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Languages");
+
+    public string CurrentCode { get; private set; } = "en";
+
+    public string Get(string key)
+    {
+        if (_strings.TryGetValue(key, out var value))
+            return value;
+
+        if (_fallbackStrings.TryGetValue(key, out var fallbackValue))
+            return fallbackValue;
+
+        return key;
+    }
+
+    public string Format(string key, params object?[] args) => string.Format(Get(key), args);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Languages available either embedded in the binary or as a loose
+    /// override file, sorted by code. A loose file's declared name wins when
+    /// the same code exists in both places.
+    /// </summary>
+    public List<LanguageInfo> DiscoverLanguages()
+    {
+        var languages = new Dictionary<string, LanguageInfo>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        foreach (var code in EmbeddedLanguageCodes())
+        {
+            using var stream = OpenEmbeddedLanguageStream(code);
+            if (stream is not null)
+            {
+                languages[code] = new LanguageInfo(code, ReadLanguageName(stream) ?? code);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(LanguagesDirectory, "*.json"))
+            {
+                var code = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(file);
+                using var stream = File.OpenRead(file);
+                languages[code] = new LanguageInfo(code, ReadLanguageName(stream) ?? code);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            // No loose Languages directory: the embedded languages still stand.
+        }
+
+        var result = languages.Values.ToList();
+        result.Sort((a, b) => string.CompareOrdinal(a.Code, b.Code));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Loads a language by code (e.g. "en"): a loose override file first, then the embedded copy.</summary>
+    /// english is the fallback language
+    public void Load(string code)
+    {
+        if (_fallbackStrings.Count == 0 && !string.Equals(code, "en", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            if (!TryLoadLooseFile("en", out var fallback) && !TryLoadEmbedded("en", out fallback))
+            {
+                fallback = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            }
+            _fallbackStrings = fallback;
+        }
+        else if (string.Equals(code, "en", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            if (TryLoadLooseFile("en", out var enDict) || TryLoadEmbedded("en", out enDict))
+            {
+                _strings = enDict;
+                _fallbackStrings = enDict;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _strings = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+                _fallbackStrings = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            }
+            CurrentCode = "en";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Load the requested language
+        if (TryLoadLooseFile(code, out var loaded) || TryLoadEmbedded(code, out loaded))
+        {
+            _strings = loaded;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (_fallbackStrings.Count > 0)
+                _strings = new Dictionary<string, string>(_fallbackStrings);
+            else
+                _strings = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+        }
+        CurrentCode = code;
+    }
+
+    private static IEnumerable<string> EmbeddedLanguageCodes()
+    {
+        foreach (var name in typeof(Localization).Assembly.GetManifestResourceNames())
+        {
+            if (name.StartsWith(EmbeddedResourcePrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                name.EndsWith(EmbeddedResourceSuffix, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                yield return name[EmbeddedResourcePrefix.Length..^EmbeddedResourceSuffix.Length];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Stream? OpenEmbeddedLanguageStream(string code) =>
+        typeof(Localization).Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream($"{EmbeddedResourcePrefix}{code}{EmbeddedResourceSuffix}");
+
+    private static string? ReadLanguageName(Stream stream)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(stream);
+            if (document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("_languageName", out var name) &&
+                name.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)
+            {
+                return name.GetString();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            // Malformed file: fall back to the code as its own display name.
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadLooseFile(string code)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var path = Path.Combine(LanguagesDirectory, $"{code}.json");
+            return File.Exists(path) && TryLoad(code, File.ReadAllText(path));
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadEmbedded(string code)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            using var stream = OpenEmbeddedLanguageStream(code);
+            if (stream is null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            using var reader = new StreamReader(stream);
+            return TryLoad(code, reader.ReadToEnd());
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadLooseFile(string code, out Dictionary<string, string> result)
+    {
+        result = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+        try
+        {
+            var path = Path.Combine(LanguagesDirectory, $"{code}.json");
+            if (!File.Exists(path))
+                return false;
+
+            var json = File.ReadAllText(path);
+            return TryLoad(json, out result);
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadEmbedded(string code, out Dictionary<string, string> result)
+    {
+        result = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+        try
+        {
+            using var stream = OpenEmbeddedLanguageStream(code);
+            if (stream is null)
+                return false;
+
+            using var reader = new StreamReader(stream);
+            var json = reader.ReadToEnd();
+            return TryLoad(json, out result);
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryLoad(string json, out Dictionary<string, string> result)
+    {
+        var loaded = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(json);
+        if (loaded is null)
+        {
+            result = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        result = loaded;
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    private bool TryLoad(string code, string json)
+    {
+        if (TryLoad(json, out var dict))
+        {
+            _strings = dict;
+            CurrentCode = code;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/MainWindow.axaml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
         Title="SharpEmu"
         Width="1280" Height="820"
         MinWidth="980" MinHeight="640"
+        WindowState="Maximized"
         WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"
         Background="{StaticResource BgBrush}"
         ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsHint="True"
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
         Icon="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/SharpEmu.ico"
         KeyDown="OnKeyDown">
 
-  <Grid RowDefinitions="44,*,32">
+  <Grid RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto">
 
     <!-- Selected-game backdrop: key art behind the main content, dimmed by
          a scrim so tiles and text stay readable. Fades on selection. -->
@@ -41,8 +42,9 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
       </Border>
     </Panel>
 
-    <!-- Title bar -->
-    <Grid x:Name="TitleBar" Grid.Row="0" Background="{StaticResource ChromeBrush}">
+    <!-- Title bar; hidden in fullscreen (F11) along with the status bar, so
+         the game gets the whole screen. -->
+    <Grid x:Name="TitleBar" Grid.Row="0" Height="44" Background="{StaticResource ChromeBrush}">
       <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10" Margin="16,0" VerticalAlignment="Center">
         <Image Source="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/SharpEmu.ico" Width="20" Height="20"
                RenderOptions.BitmapInterpolationMode="HighQuality" />
@@ -54,121 +56,438 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     </Grid>
 
     <!-- Main content -->
-    <Grid Grid.Row="1" Margin="18,14,18,14" RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto,Auto">
+    <Grid Grid.Row="1" Margin="32,24,32,20" RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto,Auto">
 
-      <!-- Library toolbar -->
-      <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="Auto,Auto,*,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto" Margin="6,0,6,12">
-        <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="Library" FontSize="22" FontWeight="Bold" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-        <Border Grid.Column="1" Classes="pill" Margin="12,2,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-          <TextBlock x:Name="GameCountText" Text="0 games" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-        </Border>
-        <TextBox Grid.Column="3" x:Name="SearchBox" Watermark="Search library…" Width="280"
-                 VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,12,0" />
-        <Button Grid.Column="4" x:Name="AddFolderButton" Classes="ghost" Content="＋ Add folder"
-                VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
-        <Button Grid.Column="5" x:Name="RescanButton" Classes="ghost" Content="⟳ Rescan"
-                VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
-        <Button Grid.Column="6" x:Name="OpenFileButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Open file…"
-                VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+      <!-- Library / Options page switcher, with the library toolbar sharing
+           the same row on the right. Plain buttons (not TabItem) so there is
+           no underline; LB/RB hint chips flank the pair and the gamepad's
+           shoulder buttons actually switch pages from anywhere. -->
+      <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto" Margin="0,0,0,20">
+        <StackPanel Grid.Column="0" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="14" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+          <Border Classes="padHint" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+            <TextBlock Text="LB" FontSize="11" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+          </Border>
+          <Button x:Name="LibraryTabButton" Classes="segment active" Content="Library" />
+          <Button x:Name="OptionsTabButton" Classes="segment" Content="Options" />
+          <Border Classes="padHint" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+            <TextBlock Text="RB" FontSize="11" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+          </Border>
+        </StackPanel>
+
+        <StackPanel Grid.Column="2" x:Name="LibraryToolbar" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8"
+                    VerticalAlignment="Center">
+          <TextBox x:Name="SearchBox" Watermark="Search library…" Width="240" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+          <Button x:Name="AddFolderButton" Classes="ghost" Content="＋ Add folder" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+          <Button x:Name="RescanButton" Classes="ghost" Content="⟳ Rescan" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+          <Button x:Name="OpenFileButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Open file…" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+        </StackPanel>
       </Grid>
 
-      <!-- Cover-art grid -->
       <Panel Grid.Row="1">
-        <ListBox x:Name="GameList" Classes="tileGrid" Background="Transparent"
-                 SelectionMode="Single" Padding="0">
-          <ListBox.ContextMenu>
-            <ContextMenu x:Name="GameContextMenu" Placement="Pointer">
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxLaunch" Header="Launch" FontWeight="SemiBold">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="▶" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource AccentHoverBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxOpenFolder" Header="Open game folder">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="📂" FontSize="12" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <Separator />
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxCopyPath" Header="Copy path">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="⧉" FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxCopyTitleId" Header="Copy title ID">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="⧉" FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <Separator />
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxRemove" Header="Remove from library"
-                        Foreground="{StaticResource DangerHoverBrush}">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="✕" FontSize="12" Foreground="{StaticResource DangerHoverBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-            </ContextMenu>
-          </ListBox.ContextMenu>
-          <ListBox.ItemsPanel>
-            <ItemsPanelTemplate>
-              <WrapPanel />
-            </ItemsPanelTemplate>
-          </ListBox.ItemsPanel>
-          <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
-            <DataTemplate>
-              <StackPanel Width="128" Height="186" Spacing="7">
-                <Border Classes="coverShadow" Width="128" Height="128">
-                  <Border Classes="coverClip">
-                    <Panel>
-                      <Border Background="{Binding PlaceholderBrush}" IsVisible="{Binding !HasCover}">
-                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Initials}" FontSize="36" FontWeight="Bold"
-                                   Foreground="#E8ECF4" Opacity="0.85"
-                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                      </Border>
-                      <Image Source="{Binding Cover}" Stretch="UniformToFill" IsVisible="{Binding HasCover}" />
-                    </Panel>
-                  </Border>
-                </Border>
-                <StackPanel Spacing="2">
-                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="13" FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                             TextWrapping="Wrap" MaxLines="2" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Detail}" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                             TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-                </StackPanel>
-              </StackPanel>
-            </DataTemplate>
-          </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
-        </ListBox>
 
-        <!-- Empty state -->
-        <StackPanel x:Name="EmptyState" Spacing="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                    IsVisible="False">
-          <TextBlock Text="🎮" FontSize="44" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Opacity="0.7" />
-          <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateTitle" Text="Your library is empty" FontSize="18" FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                     HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
-          <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateHint" Text="Add a folder containing your games to get started."
-                     FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
-          <Button x:Name="EmptyAddFolderButton" Classes="accent" Content="＋ Add game folder"
-                  HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,8,0,0" />
-        </StackPanel>
+        <!-- Library page. The tile row gets extra top margin so it sits
+             closer to eye level (PS5 home-screen style) instead of hugging
+             the Library/Options switcher above it. -->
+        <Panel x:Name="LibraryPage" Margin="0,64,0,0">
+          <ListBox x:Name="GameList" Classes="tileGrid" Background="Transparent"
+                   SelectionMode="Single" Padding="0">
+            <ListBox.ContextMenu>
+              <ContextMenu x:Name="GameContextMenu" Placement="Pointer">
+                <MenuItem x:Name="CtxLaunch" Header="Launch" FontWeight="SemiBold">
+                  <MenuItem.Icon>
+                    <TextBlock Text="▶" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource AccentHoverBrush}"
+                               HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                  </MenuItem.Icon>
+                </MenuItem>
+                <MenuItem x:Name="CtxOpenFolder" Header="Open game folder">
+                  <MenuItem.Icon>
+                    <TextBlock Text="📂" FontSize="12" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                  </MenuItem.Icon>
+                </MenuItem>
+                <Separator />
+                <MenuItem x:Name="CtxCopyPath" Header="Copy path">
+                  <MenuItem.Icon>
+                    <TextBlock Text="⧉" FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
+                               HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                  </MenuItem.Icon>
+                </MenuItem>
+                <MenuItem x:Name="CtxCopyTitleId" Header="Copy title ID">
+                  <MenuItem.Icon>
+                    <TextBlock Text="⧉" FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
+                               HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                  </MenuItem.Icon>
+                </MenuItem>
+                <Separator />
+                <MenuItem x:Name="CtxRemove" Header="Remove from library"
+                          Foreground="{StaticResource DangerHoverBrush}">
+                  <MenuItem.Icon>
+                    <TextBlock Text="✕" FontSize="12" Foreground="{StaticResource DangerHoverBrush}"
+                               HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                  </MenuItem.Icon>
+                </MenuItem>
+              </ContextMenu>
+            </ListBox.ContextMenu>
+            <ListBox.ItemsPanel>
+              <ItemsPanelTemplate>
+                <WrapPanel />
+              </ItemsPanelTemplate>
+            </ListBox.ItemsPanel>
+            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
+              <DataTemplate>
+                <StackPanel Width="128" Height="172" Spacing="7">
+                  <Border Classes="coverShadow" Width="128" Height="128">
+                    <Border Classes="coverClip">
+                      <Panel>
+                        <Border Background="{Binding PlaceholderBrush}" IsVisible="{Binding !HasCover}">
+                          <TextBlock Text="{Binding Initials}" FontSize="36" FontWeight="Bold"
+                                     Foreground="#E8ECF4" Opacity="0.85"
+                                     HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                        </Border>
+                        <Image Source="{Binding Cover}" Stretch="UniformToFill" IsVisible="{Binding HasCover}" />
+                      </Panel>
+                    </Border>
+                  </Border>
+                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="13" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                             TextWrapping="Wrap" MaxLines="2" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis"
+                             TextAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
+                </StackPanel>
+              </DataTemplate>
+            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
+          </ListBox>
+
+          <!-- Empty state -->
+          <StackPanel x:Name="EmptyState" Spacing="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                      IsVisible="False">
+            <TextBlock Text="🎮" FontSize="44" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Opacity="0.7" />
+            <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateTitle" Text="Your library is empty" FontSize="18" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                       HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
+            <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateHint" Text="Add a folder containing your games to get started."
+                       FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
+            <Button x:Name="EmptyAddFolderButton" Classes="accent" Content="＋ Add game folder"
+                    HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,8,0,0" />
+          </StackPanel>
+
+          <!-- Loading state: covers the grid while a scan (initial load,
+               rescan, or a just-added folder) is in flight, so the screen
+               never looks blank mid-scan. -->
+          <StackPanel x:Name="LoadingState" Spacing="14" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                      IsVisible="False">
+            <ProgressBar IsIndeterminate="True" Width="180" Height="3" />
+            <TextBlock x:Name="LoadingStateText" Text="Loading library…" FontSize="13"
+                       Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
+          </StackPanel>
+        </Panel>
+
+        <!-- Options page: sub-tabs so future categories (Graphics, …) slot
+             in next to General. Card-grouped sections match the visual
+             language used by the console panel and launch bar below. -->
+        <Grid x:Name="OptionsPage" IsVisible="False">
+          <TabControl>
+            <TabItem x:Name="GeneralTabItem" Header="General" FontSize="15">
+              <ScrollViewer>
+                <StackPanel Margin="0,14,0,16" Spacing="16" MaxWidth="1280" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
+
+                  <Border Classes="card">
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="14">
+                      <TextBlock x:Name="EmulationSectionTitle" Classes="sectionTitle" Text="EMULATION" />
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="CpuEngineLabel" Text="CPU engine" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="CpuEngineDesc" Text="Execution engine used to run game code."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ComboBox Grid.Column="1" x:Name="CpuEngineBox" Width="160" SelectedIndex="0"
+                                  VerticalAlignment="Center" CornerRadius="8">
+                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="CpuEngineNativeItem" Content="Native" />
+                        </ComboBox>
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="StrictLabel" Text="Strict dynlib resolution" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="StrictDesc" Text="Fail the launch when an imported symbol cannot be resolved."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="StrictToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+                    </StackPanel>
+                  </Border>
+
+                  <Border Classes="card">
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="14">
+                      <TextBlock x:Name="LoggingSectionTitle" Classes="sectionTitle" Text="LOGGING" />
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LogLevelLabel" Text="Log level" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LogLevelDesc" Text="Verbosity of the emulator console output."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ComboBox Grid.Column="1" x:Name="LogLevelBox" Width="160" SelectedIndex="2"
+                                  VerticalAlignment="Center" CornerRadius="8">
+                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LogLevelTraceItem" Content="Trace" />
+                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LogLevelDebugItem" Content="Debug" />
+                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LogLevelInfoItem" Content="Info" />
+                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LogLevelWarningItem" Content="Warning" />
+                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LogLevelErrorItem" Content="Error" />
+                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LogLevelCriticalItem" Content="Critical" />
+                        </ComboBox>
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="TraceImportsLabel" Text="Import trace limit" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="TraceImportsDesc" Text="Trace the first N imports per module (0 = off)."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <NumericUpDown Grid.Column="1" x:Name="TraceImportsBox" Width="160" Minimum="0"
+                                       Maximum="4096" Increment="16" Value="0" FormatString="0"
+                                       VerticalAlignment="Center" CornerRadius="8" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LogToFileLabel" Text="Log to file" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LogToFileDesc" Text="Mirror emulator output to a log file."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="LogToFileToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LogFilePathLabel" Text="Log file path" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LogFilePathText" Text="No custom path"
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="SelectLogFilePathButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Select…"
+                                VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="OverrideLogFileLabel" Text="Override log file" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="OverrideLogFileDesc"
+                                     Text="Use the exact file path instead of appending title ID and timestamp."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="OverrideLogFileToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+                    </StackPanel>
+                  </Border>
+
+                  <Border Classes="card">
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="14">
+                      <TextBlock x:Name="LauncherSectionTitle" Classes="sectionTitle" Text="LAUNCHER" />
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LanguageLabel" Text="Emulator language" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="LanguageDesc"
+                                     Text="Language used throughout the launcher. Applies immediately."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ComboBox Grid.Column="1" x:Name="LanguageBox" Width="160"
+                                  VerticalAlignment="Center" CornerRadius="8"
+                                  DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding NativeName}" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="TitleMusicLabel" Text="Title music" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="TitleMusicDesc" Text="Loop the selected game's preview music in the library."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="TitleMusicToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      IsChecked="True" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="DiscordLabel" Text="Discord presence" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="DiscordDesc" Text="Show the running game on your Discord profile."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="DiscordToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+                    </StackPanel>
+                  </Border>
+                  <Border Classes="card">
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="14">
+                      <TextBlock x:Name="AboutSectionTitle"
+                                Classes="sectionTitle"
+                                Text="ABOUT" />
+                      
+                      <!--Github-->
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel Grid.Column="0"
+                                      Orientation="Horizontal"
+                                      Spacing="8"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                          <Image Source="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/github.png"
+                                    Width="20"
+                                    Height="20"
+                                    VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                          <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                          Spacing="2">
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="GithubLabel"
+                                            Text="GitHub"
+                                            FontSize="13" />
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="GithubDesc"
+                                            Text="Source code, issues and project development."
+                                            FontSize="11"
+                                            Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
+                                            TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                          </StackPanel>
+                        </StackPanel>
+
+                        <Button Grid.Column="1"
+                                x:Name="GithubButton"
+                                Classes="ghost"
+                                Content="Open"
+                                VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <!--Discord-->
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel Grid.Column="0"
+                                        Orientation="Horizontal"
+                                        Spacing="8"
+                                        VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                          <Image Source="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/discord.png"
+                                  Width="20"
+                                  Height="20"
+                                  VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                          <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                      Spacing="2">
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="DiscordServerLabel"
+                                      Text="Discord"
+                                      FontSize="13" />
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="DiscordServerDesc"
+                                      Text="Join the community, get support and follow development."
+                                      FontSize="11"
+                                      Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
+                                      TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                          </StackPanel>
+                        </StackPanel>
+
+                        <Button Grid.Column="1"
+                                x:Name="DiscordButton"
+                                Classes="ghost"
+                                Content="Join"
+                                VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+                    </StackPanel>
+                  </Border>
+                </StackPanel>
+              </ScrollViewer>
+            </TabItem>
+            <TabItem x:Name="EnvTabItem" Header="Environment" FontSize="15">
+              <ScrollViewer>
+                <StackPanel Margin="0,14,0,16" Spacing="16" MaxWidth="1280" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
+
+                  <Border Classes="card">
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="14">
+                      <TextBlock x:Name="EnvSectionTitle" Classes="sectionTitle" Text="ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" />
+                      <TextBlock x:Name="EnvDesc"
+                                 Text="Switches passed to the emulator as environment variables at launch."
+                                 FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_BTHID_UNAVAILABLE" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvBthidDesc"
+                                     Text="Report Bluetooth HID as unavailable for titles whose wheel/FFB middleware polls forever.&#10;Leave off normally. Some titles freeze when init fails."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvBthidToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_DISABLE_IMPORT_LOOP_GUARD" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvLoopGuardDesc"
+                                     Text="Do not force quit titles that repeat the same call for too long.&#10;Try this when a game exits on its own while loading."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvLoopGuardToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvVkValidationDesc"
+                                     Text="Enable Vulkan validation layers for GPU debugging.&#10;Slow. Requires the Vulkan SDK to be installed."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvVkValidationToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_DUMP_SPIRV" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvDumpSpirvDesc"
+                                     Text="Dump AGC shaders and their SPIR-V translations to the shader-dumps folder.&#10;Use when reporting shader or rendering bugs."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvDumpSpirvToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_LOG_DIRECT_MEMORY" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvLogDirectMemoryDesc"
+                                     Text="Log direct memory allocations and failures to the console.&#10;Use when a game aborts or exits during boot."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvLogDirectMemoryToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_LOG_NP" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvLogNpDesc"
+                                     Text="Log NP (PlayStation Network) library calls to the console."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvLogNpToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+                    </StackPanel>
+                  </Border>
+
+                </StackPanel>
+              </ScrollViewer>
+            </TabItem>
+          </TabControl>
+        </Grid>
       </Panel>
 
       <!-- Console (collapsible) -->
       <Border Grid.Row="2" x:Name="ConsolePanel" Classes="card" Padding="0" Height="240"
               Margin="0,12,0,0" IsVisible="False">
         <Grid RowDefinitions="Auto,*">
-          <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto,Auto,Auto, Auto" Margin="16,12,16,8">
-            <TextBlock Classes="sectionTitle" Text="CONSOLE" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-            <TextBox Grid.Column="1" FontSize="12" Margin="0,0,12,0" x:Name="ConsoleSearchBox" 
-                    Watermark="Search..." MaxWidth="5500" />
+          <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto" Margin="16,12,16,8">
+            <TextBlock x:Name="ConsoleSectionTitle" Classes="sectionTitle" Text="CONSOLE" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+            <TextBox Grid.Column="1" FontSize="12" Margin="0,0,12,0" x:Name="ConsoleSearchBox"
+                    Watermark="Search..." Width="320" />
             <CheckBox Grid.Column="2" x:Name="AutoScrollCheck" Content="Auto-scroll" IsChecked="True"
                     FontSize="12" Margin="0,0,12,0" />
-            <Button Grid.Column="3" x:Name="CopyLogButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Copy" FontSize="12"
+            <Button Grid.Column="3" x:Name="DetachConsoleButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Split" FontSize="12"
                     Padding="10,4" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
-            <Button Grid.Column="4" x:Name="ClearLogButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Clear" FontSize="12"
+            <Button Grid.Column="4" x:Name="CopyLogButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Copy" FontSize="12"
+                    Padding="10,4" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
+            <Button Grid.Column="5" x:Name="ClearLogButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Clear" FontSize="12"
                     Padding="10,4" />
           </Grid>
           <ListBox Grid.Row="1" x:Name="ConsoleList" Classes="console" BorderThickness="0,1,0,0"
@@ -182,8 +501,8 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
         </Grid>
       </Border>
 
-      <!-- Launch bar -->
-      <Border Grid.Row="3" Classes="card" Margin="0,12,0,0" Padding="14">
+      <!-- Launch bar; capped so it does not sprawl on a maximized window. -->
+      <Border Grid.Row="3" Classes="card" Margin="0,12,0,0" Padding="14" MaxWidth="1280">
         <StackPanel Spacing="14">
           <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto">
 
@@ -202,9 +521,32 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
               </Panel>
             </Border>
 
-            <StackPanel Grid.Column="1" Spacing="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="14,0,14,0">
-              <TextBlock x:Name="SelectedGameTitle" Text="No game selected" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"
-                         TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
+            <StackPanel Grid.Column="1" Spacing="4" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="14,0,14,0">
+              <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,Auto,*">
+                <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" x:Name="SelectedGameTitle" Text="No game selected" FontSize="16"
+                           FontWeight="Bold" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                           MaxWidth="340" Margin="0,0,10,0" />
+
+                <!-- Title id / version / size badges, right next to the
+                     title. The title's own MaxWidth (not a "*" column) is
+                     what keeps them from drifting to the far right. -->
+                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1" x:Name="SelectedBadgesRow" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="6"
+                            IsVisible="False" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                  <Border Classes="pill" IsVisible="{Binding HasTitleId, FallbackValue=False}">
+                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding TitleId}" FontSize="10" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                               Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+                  </Border>
+                  <Border Classes="pill" IsVisible="{Binding HasVersion, FallbackValue=False}">
+                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding VersionText}" FontSize="10" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                               Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+                  </Border>
+                  <Border Classes="pill">
+                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding SizeText, FallbackValue=''}" FontSize="10" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                               Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+                  </Border>
+                </StackPanel>
+              </Grid>
+
               <TextBlock x:Name="SelectedGamePath" Text="Pick a game from the library, or open an eboot.bin directly."
                          FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
               <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="7">
@@ -216,69 +558,18 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
             </StackPanel>
 
             <StackPanel Grid.Column="2" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-              <ToggleButton x:Name="OptionsToggle" Classes="ghost" Content="⚙ Options" />
               <ToggleButton x:Name="ConsoleToggle" Classes="ghost" Content="≡ Console" />
               <Button x:Name="LaunchButton" Classes="accent" Content="▶  Launch" IsEnabled="False" />
               <Button x:Name="StopButton" Classes="danger" Content="■  Stop" IsEnabled="False" />
             </StackPanel>
           </Grid>
-
-          <!-- Launch options (collapsible) -->
-          <WrapPanel x:Name="OptionsPanel" IsVisible="False">
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="CPU engine" />
-              <ComboBox x:Name="CpuEngineBox" Width="150" SelectedIndex="0" CornerRadius="8">
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Native" />
-              </ComboBox>
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Log level" />
-              <ComboBox x:Name="LogLevelBox" Width="150" SelectedIndex="2" CornerRadius="8">
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Trace" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Debug" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Info" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Warning" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Error" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Critical" />
-              </ComboBox>
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Import trace limit (0 = off)" />
-              <NumericUpDown x:Name="TraceImportsBox" Width="170" Minimum="0" Maximum="4096" Increment="16"
-                             Value="0" FormatString="0" CornerRadius="8" />
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Strict dynlib resolution" />
-              <ToggleSwitch x:Name="StrictToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off" />
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Log to file" />
-              <ToggleSwitch x:Name="LogToFileToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off" />
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Log file path" />
-              <Button x:Name="SelectLogFilePathButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Select…"
-                VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Override log file" />
-              <ToggleSwitch x:Name="OverrideLogFileToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off" />
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Title music" />
-              <ToggleSwitch x:Name="TitleMusicToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off" IsChecked="True" />
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel>
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Discord presence" />
-              <ToggleSwitch x:Name="DiscordToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off" />
-            </StackPanel>
-          </WrapPanel>
         </StackPanel>
       </Border>
     </Grid>
 
     <!-- Status bar -->
-    <Grid Grid.Row="2" Background="{StaticResource ChromeBrush}" ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+    <Grid x:Name="StatusBar" Grid.Row="2" Height="32" Background="{StaticResource ChromeBrush}"
+          ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
       <TextBlock x:Name="EmulatorPathText" Grid.Column="0" Text="Emulator: locating…" FontSize="11"
                  Foreground="{StaticResource FaintBrush}" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="16,0"
                  TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />

src/SharpEmu.GUI/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ using Avalonia.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Platform.Storage;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
 using Avalonia.VisualTree;
-using SharpEmu.Libs.Pad;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
 using SharpEmu.Logging;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
 public partial class MainWindow : Window
 {
     private const int MaxConsoleLines = 4000;
+    private const int MaxConsoleLinesPerFlush = 500;
 
     private static readonly IBrush DefaultLineBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#C7CFDE"));
     private static readonly IBrush DimLineBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6B7488"));
@@ -42,11 +44,13 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
     private GuiSettings _settings = new();
     private EmulatorProcess? _emulator;
+    private ConsoleWindow? _consoleWindow;
     private StreamWriter? _fileLog;
     private readonly SndPreviewPlayer _sndPreview = new();
     private string? _emulatorExePath;
     private bool _isRunning;
     private int _autoScrollTicks;
+    private int _activePageIndex;
 
     // Discord Rich Presence state.
     private readonly long _launcherStartUnixSeconds = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
     // Controller navigation state.
     private readonly DispatcherTimer _gamepadTimer;
-    private uint _previousPadButtons;
+    private HostGamepadButtons _previousPadButtons;
     private long _navLeftNextAt;
     private long _navRightNextAt;
     private long _navUpNextAt;
@@ -98,36 +102,122 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         StopButton.Click += (_, _) => StopEmulator();
         ClearLogButton.Click += (_, _) => _consoleLines.Clear();
         CopyLogButton.Click += async (_, _) => await CopyConsoleAsync();
-        OptionsToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => OptionsPanel.IsVisible = OptionsToggle.IsChecked == true;
-        ConsoleToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => ConsolePanel.IsVisible = ConsoleToggle.IsChecked == true;
-        SelectLogFilePathButton.Click += async (_, _) => await SelectFilePathAsync();
-        TitleMusicToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => OnTitleMusicToggled();
+        DetachConsoleButton.Click += (_, _) => ShowConsoleWindow();
+        LibraryTabButton.Click += (_, _) => SetActivePage(0);
+        OptionsTabButton.Click += (_, _) => SetActivePage(1);
+        ConsoleToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => ConsolePanel.IsVisible = ConsoleToggle.IsChecked == true && _consoleWindow is null;
+
+        // The settings page edits _settings live, so a launch started while
+        // it is open already uses the new values.
+        LogLevelBox.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => _settings.LogLevel = SelectedLogLevel();
+        TraceImportsBox.ValueChanged += (_, _) => _settings.ImportTraceLimit = (int)(TraceImportsBox.Value ?? 0);
+        StrictToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => _settings.StrictDynlibResolution = StrictToggle.IsChecked == true;
+        LogToFileToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => _settings.LogToFile = LogToFileToggle.IsChecked == true;
+        OverrideLogFileToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            _settings.OverrideLogFile = OverrideLogFileToggle.IsChecked == true;
+        TitleMusicToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+        {
+            _settings.PlayTitleMusic = TitleMusicToggle.IsChecked == true;
+            OnTitleMusicSettingChanged();
+        };
         DiscordToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
         {
             _settings.DiscordRichPresence = DiscordToggle.IsChecked == true;
             UpdateDiscordPresence();
         };
+        SelectLogFilePathButton.Click += async (_, _) => await SelectLogFilePathAsync();
+        EnvBthidToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_BTHID_UNAVAILABLE", EnvBthidToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        EnvLoopGuardToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_IMPORT_LOOP_GUARD", EnvLoopGuardToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        EnvVkValidationToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION", EnvVkValidationToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        EnvDumpSpirvToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_DUMP_SPIRV", EnvDumpSpirvToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        EnvLogDirectMemoryToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_LOG_DIRECT_MEMORY", EnvLogDirectMemoryToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        EnvLogNpToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_LOG_NP", EnvLogNpToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        LanguageBox.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => OnLanguageChanged();
 
         GameList.AddHandler(ContextRequestedEvent, OnGameContextRequested, RoutingStrategies.Tunnel);
         CtxLaunch.Click += (_, _) => LaunchSelected();
         CtxOpenFolder.Click += (_, _) => OpenSelectedGameFolder();
         CtxCopyPath.Click += async (_, _) =>
-            await CopyToClipboardAsync((GameList.SelectedItem as GameEntry)?.Path, "Path");
+            await CopyToClipboardAsync((GameList.SelectedItem as GameEntry)?.Path, "Clipboard.Path");
         CtxCopyTitleId.Click += async (_, _) =>
-            await CopyToClipboardAsync((GameList.SelectedItem as GameEntry)?.TitleId, "Title ID");
+            await CopyToClipboardAsync((GameList.SelectedItem as GameEntry)?.TitleId, "Clipboard.TitleId");
         CtxRemove.Click += (_, _) => RemoveSelectedFromLibrary();
 
         Opened += async (_, _) => await OnOpenedAsync();
         Closing += (_, _) => OnWindowClosing();
 
-        DualSenseReader.EnsureStarted();
-        XInputReader.EnsureStarted();
+        WindowsDualSenseReader.EnsureStarted();
+        WindowsXInputReader.EnsureStarted();
         _gamepadTimer = new DispatcherTimer
         {
             Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(50),
         };
         _gamepadTimer.Tick += (_, _) => PollGamepad();
         _gamepadTimer.Start();
+
+
+        GithubButton.Click += (_, _) =>
+        {
+            Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName = "https://github.com/par274/sharpemu",
+                UseShellExecute = true
+            });
+        };
+
+        DiscordButton.Click += (_, _) =>
+        {
+            Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName = "https://discord.com/invite/6GejPEDqpc",
+                UseShellExecute = true
+            });
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Switches between the Library and Options pages. Also reachable via
+    /// the gamepad's shoulder buttons (LB/RB, L1/R1) from <see cref="PollGamepad"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void SetActivePage(int index)
+    {
+        if (index == _activePageIndex)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (_activePageIndex == 1)
+        {
+            _settings.Save(); // leaving the Options page
+        }
+
+        _activePageIndex = index;
+        SetActiveClass(LibraryTabButton, index == 0);
+        SetActiveClass(OptionsTabButton, index == 1);
+        LibraryPage.IsVisible = index == 0;
+        LibraryToolbar.IsVisible = index == 0;
+        OptionsPage.IsVisible = index == 1;
+    }
+
+    private static void SetActiveClass(Button button, bool active)
+    {
+        if (active)
+        {
+            if (!button.Classes.Contains("active"))
+            {
+                button.Classes.Add("active");
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            button.Classes.Remove("active");
+        }
     }
 
     // ---- Controller navigation ----
@@ -135,25 +225,42 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     private void PollGamepad()
     {
         // DualSense wins when both are connected; XInput covers Xbox pads.
-        if (!DualSenseReader.TryGetState(out var pad) && !XInputReader.TryGetState(out pad))
+        if (!WindowsDualSenseReader.TryGetState(out var pad) && !WindowsXInputReader.TryGetState(out pad))
         {
-            _previousPadButtons = 0;
+            _previousPadButtons = HostGamepadButtons.None;
             return;
         }
 
         if (!IsActive)
         {
-            // Ignore input while the launcher is in the background (e.g. the
-            // game window is focused and using the same controller).
+            // Ignore input while the launcher is in the background, e.g. the
+            // game window is focused and using the same controller.
+            _previousPadButtons = pad.Buttons;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var shoulderPressed = pad.Buttons & ~_previousPadButtons;
+        if ((shoulderPressed & HostGamepadButtons.L1) != 0)
+        {
+            SetActivePage(0);
+        }
+
+        if ((shoulderPressed & HostGamepadButtons.R1) != 0)
+        {
+            SetActivePage(1);
+        }
+
+        if (_activePageIndex != 0)
+        {
             _previousPadButtons = pad.Buttons;
             return;
         }
 
         var now = Environment.TickCount64;
-        var left = (pad.Buttons & 0x0080) != 0 || pad.LeftX < 64;
-        var right = (pad.Buttons & 0x0020) != 0 || pad.LeftX > 192;
-        var up = (pad.Buttons & 0x0010) != 0 || pad.LeftY < 64;
-        var down = (pad.Buttons & 0x0040) != 0 || pad.LeftY > 192;
+        var left = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Left) != 0 || pad.LeftX < 64;
+        var right = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Right) != 0 || pad.LeftX > 192;
+        var up = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Up) != 0 || pad.LeftY < 64;
+        var down = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Down) != 0 || pad.LeftY > 192;
 
         if (ShouldNavigate(left, ref _navLeftNextAt, now))
         {
@@ -176,12 +283,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
 
         var pressed = pad.Buttons & ~_previousPadButtons;
-        if ((pressed & 0x4000) != 0) // Cross
+        if ((pressed & HostGamepadButtons.Cross) != 0)
         {
             LaunchSelected();
         }
 
-        if ((pressed & 0x2000) != 0) // Circle
+        if ((pressed & HostGamepadButtons.Circle) != 0)
         {
             StopEmulator();
         }
@@ -252,12 +359,143 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         ToolTip.SetTip(VersionText, BuildInfo.Banner);
 
         _settings = GuiSettings.Load();
+        Localization.Instance.Load(_settings.Language);
+        PopulateLanguageBox();
+        ApplyLocalization();
         ApplySettingsToControls();
         LocateEmulator();
         UpdateDiscordPresence();
         await RescanLibraryAsync();
     }
 
+    private void PopulateLanguageBox()
+    {
+        var languages = Localization.Instance.DiscoverLanguages();
+        LanguageBox.ItemsSource = languages;
+        LanguageBox.SelectedItem = languages.FirstOrDefault(language =>
+            string.Equals(language.Code, _settings.Language, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            ?? languages.FirstOrDefault();
+    }
+
+    private void OnLanguageChanged()
+    {
+        if (LanguageBox.SelectedItem is not Localization.LanguageInfo language)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _settings.Language = language.Code;
+        Localization.Instance.Load(language.Code);
+        ApplyLocalization();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Re-applies every UI string from the current language, so switching
+    /// languages in Options takes effect immediately without reopening the
+    /// window.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void ApplyLocalization()
+    {
+        var loc = Localization.Instance;
+
+        LibraryTabButton.Content = loc.Get("Page.Library");
+        OptionsTabButton.Content = loc.Get("Page.Options");
+
+        SearchBox.Watermark = loc.Get("Library.SearchWatermark");
+        AddFolderButton.Content = loc.Get("Library.AddFolder");
+        RescanButton.Content = loc.Get("Library.Rescan");
+        OpenFileButton.Content = loc.Get("Library.OpenFile");
+
+        CtxLaunch.Header = loc.Get("Library.Context.Launch");
+        CtxOpenFolder.Header = loc.Get("Library.Context.OpenFolder");
+        CtxCopyPath.Header = loc.Get("Library.Context.CopyPath");
+        CtxCopyTitleId.Header = loc.Get("Library.Context.CopyTitleId");
+        CtxRemove.Header = loc.Get("Library.Context.Remove");
+
+        EmptyAddFolderButton.Content = loc.Get("Library.Empty.AddFolder");
+        LoadingStateText.Text = loc.Get("Library.Loading");
+
+        GeneralTabItem.Header = loc.Get("Options.General");
+        EnvTabItem.Header = loc.Get("Options.Env.Tab");
+        EnvSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Options.Section.Environment");
+        EnvDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.Desc");
+        EnvBthidDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.Bthid.Desc");
+        EnvLoopGuardDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc");
+        EnvVkValidationDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc");
+        EnvDumpSpirvDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc");
+        EnvLogDirectMemoryDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc");
+        EnvLogNpDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.LogNp.Desc");
+        EmulationSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Options.Section.Emulation");
+        LoggingSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Options.Section.Logging");
+        LauncherSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Options.Section.Launcher");
+
+        CpuEngineLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.CpuEngine.Label");
+        CpuEngineDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.CpuEngine.Desc");
+        CpuEngineNativeItem.Content = loc.Get("Options.CpuEngine.Native");
+
+        StrictLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.Strict.Label");
+        StrictDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Strict.Desc");
+
+        LogLevelLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Label");
+        LogLevelDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Desc");
+        LogLevelTraceItem.Content = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Trace");
+        LogLevelDebugItem.Content = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Debug");
+        LogLevelInfoItem.Content = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Info");
+        LogLevelWarningItem.Content = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Warning");
+        LogLevelErrorItem.Content = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Error");
+        LogLevelCriticalItem.Content = loc.Get("Options.LogLevel.Critical");
+
+        TraceImportsLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.TraceImports.Label");
+        TraceImportsDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.TraceImports.Desc");
+
+        LogToFileLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.LogToFile.Label");
+        LogToFileDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.LogToFile.Desc");
+
+        LogFilePathLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.LogFilePath.Label");
+        SelectLogFilePathButton.Content = loc.Get("Options.LogFilePath.Select");
+        UpdateLogFilePathText();
+
+        OverrideLogFileLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.OverrideLogFile.Label");
+        OverrideLogFileDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.OverrideLogFile.Desc");
+
+        LanguageLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.Language.Label");
+        LanguageDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Language.Desc");
+
+        TitleMusicLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.TitleMusic.Label");
+        TitleMusicDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.TitleMusic.Desc");
+
+        DiscordLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.Discord.Label");
+        DiscordDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Discord.Desc");
+
+        foreach (var toggle in new[] { StrictToggle, LogToFileToggle, OverrideLogFileToggle, TitleMusicToggle, DiscordToggle })
+        {
+            toggle.OnContent = loc.Get("Common.On");
+            toggle.OffContent = loc.Get("Common.Off");
+        }
+
+        ConsoleSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Console.Title");
+        ConsoleSearchBox.Watermark = loc.Get("Console.SearchWatermark");
+        AutoScrollCheck.Content = loc.Get("Console.AutoScroll");
+        DetachConsoleButton.Content = loc.Get("Console.Split");
+        CopyLogButton.Content = loc.Get("Console.Copy");
+        ClearLogButton.Content = loc.Get("Console.Clear");
+
+        ConsoleToggle.Content = loc.Get("Launch.Console");
+        LaunchButton.Content = loc.Get("Launch.Launch");
+        StopButton.Content = loc.Get("Launch.Stop");
+
+        AboutSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Options.About");
+        GithubLabel.Text = loc.Get("About.Github.Label");
+        GithubDesc.Text = loc.Get("About.Github.Desc");
+        DiscordServerLabel.Text = loc.Get("About.Discord.Label");
+        DiscordServerDesc.Text = loc.Get("About.Discord.Desc");
+        GithubButton.Content = loc.Get("About.GithubButton");
+        DiscordButton.Content = loc.Get("About.DiscordButton");
+
+        UpdateEmptyStateTexts();
+        UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
+    }
+
     // ---- Discord Rich Presence ----
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -278,7 +516,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         if (_isRunning && _runningGameName is { } gameName)
         {
             _discord.SetPresence(
-                $"Playing {gameName}",
+                Localization.Instance.Format("Discord.Playing", gameName),
                 _runningGameTitleId,
                 _runningSinceUnixSeconds);
         }
@@ -286,9 +524,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         {
             // Discord does not render activities without timestamps, so the
             // browsing state carries the launcher's start time.
+            var count = _allGames.Count == 1
+                ? Localization.Instance.Get("Page.GameCount.One")
+                : Localization.Instance.Format("Page.GameCount.Other", _allGames.Count);
             _discord.SetPresence(
-                "Browsing the library",
-                $"{_allGames.Count} game(s)",
+                Localization.Instance.Get("Discord.Browsing"),
+                count,
                 _launcherStartUnixSeconds);
         }
     }
@@ -313,22 +554,26 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         {
             WindowState = WindowState.Normal;
             ExtendClientAreaChromeHints = ExtendClientAreaChromeHints.PreferSystemChrome;
+            TitleBar.IsVisible = true;
+            StatusBar.IsVisible = true;
         }
         else
         {
             WindowState = WindowState.FullScreen;
             ExtendClientAreaChromeHints = ExtendClientAreaChromeHints.NoChrome;
+            TitleBar.IsVisible = false;
+            StatusBar.IsVisible = false;
         }
     }
 
     private void OnWindowClosing()
     {
-        ReadControlsIntoSettings();
         _settings.Save();
         _consoleFlushTimer.Stop();
         _gamepadTimer.Stop();
         _sndPreview.Stop();
         _discord?.Dispose();
+        _consoleWindow?.Close();
         _emulator?.Dispose();
         DropFileLog();
     }
@@ -341,7 +586,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
     }
 
-    // ---- Settings <-> controls ----
+    // ---- Settings ----
 
     private void ApplySettingsToControls()
     {
@@ -360,19 +605,33 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         LogToFileToggle.IsChecked = _settings.LogToFile;
         OverrideLogFileToggle.IsChecked = _settings.OverrideLogFile;
         TitleMusicToggle.IsChecked = _settings.PlayTitleMusic;
-        ToolTip.SetTip(SelectLogFilePathButton, string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_settings.LogFilePath) ? "No path selected" : _settings.LogFilePath);
         DiscordToggle.IsChecked = _settings.DiscordRichPresence;
+        EnvBthidToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_BTHID_UNAVAILABLE");
+        EnvLoopGuardToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_IMPORT_LOOP_GUARD");
+        EnvVkValidationToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION");
+        EnvDumpSpirvToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_DUMP_SPIRV");
+        EnvLogDirectMemoryToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_LOG_DIRECT_MEMORY");
+        EnvLogNpToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_LOG_NP");
+        UpdateLogFilePathText();
     }
 
-    private void ReadControlsIntoSettings()
+    // Environment variables set on this process at the previous launch; children
+    // inherit the process environment, so stale names must be cleared explicitly.
+    private readonly HashSet<string> _appliedEnvironmentVariables = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private void SetEnvironmentToggle(string name, bool enabled)
     {
-        _settings.LogLevel = SelectedLogLevel();
-        _settings.ImportTraceLimit = (int)(TraceImportsBox.Value ?? 0);
-        _settings.StrictDynlibResolution = StrictToggle.IsChecked == true;
-        _settings.LogToFile = LogToFileToggle.IsChecked == true;
-        _settings.OverrideLogFile = OverrideLogFileToggle.IsChecked == true;
-        _settings.PlayTitleMusic = TitleMusicToggle.IsChecked == true;
-        _settings.DiscordRichPresence = DiscordToggle.IsChecked == true;
+        if (enabled)
+        {
+            if (!_settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains(name))
+            {
+                _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Add(name);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Remove(name);
+        }
     }
 
     private string SelectedLogLevel()
@@ -389,6 +648,35 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         };
     }
 
+    private void UpdateLogFilePathText()
+    {
+        LogFilePathText.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_settings.LogFilePath)
+            ? Localization.Instance.Get("Options.LogFilePath.Default")
+            : _settings.LogFilePath;
+    }
+
+    private async Task SelectLogFilePathAsync()
+    {
+        var loc = Localization.Instance;
+        SaveFilePickerResult result = await StorageProvider.SaveFilePickerWithResultAsync(new FilePickerSaveOptions
+        {
+            Title = loc.Get("Dialog.SaveLogFile"),
+            SuggestedFileName = "SharpEmuLog",
+            DefaultExtension = "log",
+            FileTypeChoices =
+                [
+                    new FilePickerFileType(loc.Get("Dialog.PlainTextFiles")) { Patterns = ["*.txt"] },
+                    new FilePickerFileType(loc.Get("Dialog.LogFiles")) { Patterns = ["*.log"] }
+                ]
+        });
+
+        if (result.File is not null)
+        {
+            _settings.LogFilePath = result.File.Path.LocalPath;
+            UpdateLogFilePathText();
+        }
+    }
+
     // ---- Emulator discovery ----
 
     private void LocateEmulator()
@@ -418,8 +706,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             : null;
 
         EmulatorPathText.Text = _emulatorExePath is not null
-            ? $"Emulator: {_emulatorExePath}"
-            : "Emulator: SharpEmu executable not found — build SharpEmu.CLI first.";
+            ? Localization.Instance.Format("Status.EmulatorPath", _emulatorExePath)
+            : Localization.Instance.Get("Status.EmulatorNotFound");
     }
 
     // ---- Game library ----
@@ -428,7 +716,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     {
         var folders = await StorageProvider.OpenFolderPickerAsync(new FolderPickerOpenOptions
         {
-            Title = "Choose a folder containing games",
+            Title = Localization.Instance.Get("Dialog.ChooseGameFolder"),
             AllowMultiple = false,
         });
 
@@ -463,18 +751,21 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     {
         var folders = _settings.GameFolders.ToArray();
         var excluded = new HashSet<string>(_settings.ExcludedGames, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-        StatusBarRight.Text = "Scanning library…";
+        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Status.ScanningLibrary");
+        EmptyState.IsVisible = false;
+        LoadingState.IsVisible = true;
 
         var games = await Task.Run(() => ScanFolders(folders, excluded));
 
         _allGames.Clear();
         _allGames.AddRange(games);
         RefreshVisibleGames();
+        LoadingState.IsVisible = false;
         LoadGameDetailsInBackground(games);
         UpdateDiscordPresence();
         StatusBarRight.Text = folders.Length == 0
-            ? "Add a game folder to populate the library."
-            : $"Library scanned: {games.Count} game(s) in {folders.Length} folder(s).";
+            ? Localization.Instance.Get("Status.AddFolderPrompt")
+            : Localization.Instance.Format("Status.LibraryScanned", games.Count, folders.Length);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -611,9 +902,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
                     {
                     }
 
-                    var (title, titleId) = TryReadParamJson(fullPath);
+                    var (title, titleId, version) = TryReadParamJson(fullPath);
                     games.Add(new GameEntry(
-                        title ?? GameNameFor(fullPath), titleId, fullPath, size,
+                        title ?? GameNameFor(fullPath), titleId, version, fullPath, size,
                         FindCoverFor(fullPath), FindBackgroundFor(fullPath)));
                 }
             }
@@ -628,23 +919,23 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Reads the game title and title id from sce_sys/param.json next to the
-    /// executable, when present.
+    /// Reads the game title, title id and content version from
+    /// sce_sys/param.json next to the executable, when present.
     /// </summary>
-    private static (string? Title, string? TitleId) TryReadParamJson(string ebootPath)
+    private static (string? Title, string? TitleId, string? Version) TryReadParamJson(string ebootPath)
     {
         try
         {
             var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(ebootPath);
             if (directory is null)
             {
-                return (null, null);
+                return (null, null, null);
             }
 
             var paramPath = Path.Combine(directory, "sce_sys", "param.json");
             if (!File.Exists(paramPath))
             {
-                return (null, null);
+                return (null, null, null);
             }
 
             // ReadAllText handles a UTF-8 BOM, which JsonDocument rejects in
@@ -658,6 +949,20 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
                 titleId = idElement.GetString();
             }
 
+            // contentVersion carries the installed app version
+            // ("01.000.000"); masterVersion is the fallback on older dumps.
+            string? version = null;
+            if (root.TryGetProperty("contentVersion", out var versionElement) &&
+                versionElement.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)
+            {
+                version = versionElement.GetString();
+            }
+            else if (root.TryGetProperty("masterVersion", out var masterElement) &&
+                     masterElement.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)
+            {
+                version = masterElement.GetString();
+            }
+
             string? title = null;
             if (root.TryGetProperty("localizedParameters", out var localized) &&
                 localized.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)
@@ -688,11 +993,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
             return (
                 string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(title) ? null : title,
-                string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleId) ? null : titleId);
+                string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleId) ? null : titleId,
+                string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(version) ? null : version.Trim());
         }
         catch (Exception)
         {
-            return (null, null);
+            return (null, null, null);
         }
     }
 
@@ -803,11 +1109,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            StatusBarRight.Text = $"Could not open folder: {ex.Message}";
+            StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Status.CouldNotOpenFolder", ex.Message);
         }
     }
 
-    private async Task CopyToClipboardAsync(string? text, string what)
+    /// <summary>Copies <paramref name="text"/> and reports it via <paramref name="whatKey"/>, e.g. "Clipboard.Path".</summary>
+    private async Task CopyToClipboardAsync(string? text, string whatKey)
     {
         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(text) || Clipboard is null)
         {
@@ -815,7 +1122,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
 
         await Clipboard.SetTextAsync(text);
-        StatusBarRight.Text = $"{what} copied to clipboard.";
+        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Status.CopiedToClipboard", Localization.Instance.Get(whatKey));
     }
 
     private void RemoveSelectedFromLibrary()
@@ -834,7 +1141,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _allGames.RemoveAll(g => string.Equals(g.Path, game.Path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
         GameList.SelectedItem = null;
         RefreshVisibleGames();
-        StatusBarRight.Text = $"Removed “{game.Name}” from the library. Re-add its folder to restore it.";
+        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Status.RemovedFromLibrary", game.Name);
     }
 
     private void RefreshVisibleGames()
@@ -854,8 +1161,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             }
         }
 
-        GameCountText.Text = _visibleGames.Count == 1 ? "1 game" : $"{_visibleGames.Count} games";
-
         if (selectedPath is not null &&
             _visibleGames.FirstOrDefault(g => g.Path.Equals(selectedPath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                 is { } reselected)
@@ -864,34 +1169,50 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
 
         EmptyState.IsVisible = _visibleGames.Count == 0;
-        if (_visibleGames.Count == 0)
-        {
-            var hasFilter = query.Length > 0;
-            EmptyStateTitle.Text = hasFilter ? "No games match your search" : "Your library is empty";
-            EmptyStateHint.Text = hasFilter
-                ? $"Nothing in the library matches “{query}”."
-                : "Add a folder containing your games to get started.";
-            EmptyAddFolderButton.IsVisible = !hasFilter;
-        }
+        UpdateEmptyStateTexts();
 
         UpdateSelectedGame();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Refreshes the empty-state title/hint from the current language and
+    /// search text; a no-op while the empty state is not showing.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void UpdateEmptyStateTexts()
+    {
+        if (_visibleGames.Count != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var query = SearchBox.Text?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        var hasFilter = query.Length > 0;
+        EmptyStateTitle.Text = hasFilter
+            ? Localization.Instance.Get("Library.Empty.SearchTitle")
+            : Localization.Instance.Get("Library.Empty.Title");
+        EmptyStateHint.Text = hasFilter
+            ? Localization.Instance.Format("Library.Empty.SearchHint", query)
+            : Localization.Instance.Get("Library.Empty.Hint");
+        EmptyAddFolderButton.IsVisible = !hasFilter;
+    }
+
     private void UpdateSelectedGame()
     {
         if (GameList.SelectedItem is GameEntry game)
         {
-            SelectedGameTitle.Text = game.Name;
-            SelectedGamePath.Text = game.Path;
+            UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
             SelectedCoverPanel.DataContext = game;
+            SelectedBadgesRow.DataContext = game;
+            SelectedBadgesRow.IsVisible = true;
             _ = UpdateBackdropAsync(game);
             PlaySelectedGamePreview(game);
         }
         else
         {
-            SelectedGameTitle.Text = "No game selected";
-            SelectedGamePath.Text = "Pick a game from the library, or open an eboot.bin directly.";
+            UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
             SelectedCoverPanel.DataContext = null;
+            SelectedBadgesRow.DataContext = null;
+            SelectedBadgesRow.IsVisible = false;
             _ = UpdateBackdropAsync(null);
             _sndPreview.Stop();
         }
@@ -899,6 +1220,25 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         UpdateRunButtons();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Text-only refresh of the launch bar's title/path, split out of
+    /// <see cref="UpdateSelectedGame"/> so a language change can re-apply it
+    /// without restarting the backdrop fade or preview music.
+    /// </summary>
+    private void UpdateSelectedGameTexts()
+    {
+        if (GameList.SelectedItem is GameEntry game)
+        {
+            SelectedGameTitle.Text = game.Name;
+            SelectedGamePath.Text = game.Path;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            SelectedGameTitle.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.NoGameSelected");
+            SelectedGamePath.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.NoGameHint");
+        }
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Loops the selected game's sce_sys/snd0.at9 preview music, console
     /// home screen style. Silent while a game is running or when disabled
@@ -923,9 +1263,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
     }
 
-    private void OnTitleMusicToggled()
+    private void OnTitleMusicSettingChanged()
     {
-        _settings.PlayTitleMusic = TitleMusicToggle.IsChecked == true;
         if (!_settings.PlayTitleMusic)
         {
             _sndPreview.Stop();
@@ -998,11 +1337,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     {
         var files = await StorageProvider.OpenFilePickerAsync(new FilePickerOpenOptions
         {
-            Title = "Open an executable to launch",
+            Title = Localization.Instance.Get("Dialog.OpenExecutable"),
             AllowMultiple = false,
             FileTypeFilter = new[]
             {
-                new FilePickerFileType("PS executables") { Patterns = new[] { "eboot.bin", "*.bin", "*.self", "*.elf" } },
+                new FilePickerFileType(Localization.Instance.Get("Dialog.PsExecutables"))
+                    { Patterns = new[] { "eboot.bin", "*.bin", "*.self", "*.elf" } },
                 FilePickerFileTypes.All,
             },
         });
@@ -1034,14 +1374,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             LocateEmulator();
             if (_emulatorExePath is null)
             {
-                AppendConsoleLine("SharpEmu executable not found. Build the SharpEmu.CLI project first (dotnet build).", ErrorLineBrush);
+                AppendConsoleLine(Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.ExeNotFound"), ErrorLineBrush);
                 return;
             }
         }
 
         _sndPreview.Stop();
-        ReadControlsIntoSettings();
-        _settings.Save();
 
         var arguments = new List<string>
         {
@@ -1058,13 +1396,10 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             arguments.Add($"--trace-imports={_settings.ImportTraceLimit}");
         }
 
-        arguments.Add(ebootPath);
-
         _consoleLines.Clear();
-        ConsoleToggle.IsChecked = true;
 
-        // Mirror everything the console pane shows into a log file for the
-        // duration of the run, regardless of the emulator's log level.
+        // Let the CLI mirror stdout/stderr itself; it sees loader/native
+        // diagnostics before the GUI pipe reader can filter or batch them.
         DropFileLog();
         if (_settings.LogToFile)
         {
@@ -1102,19 +1437,35 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath))
             {
-                try
-                {
-                    _fileLog = new StreamWriter(filePath, append: false);
-                    AppendConsoleLine($"Log file: {filePath}", DimLineBrush);
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    AppendConsoleLine($"Could not open the log file: {ex.Message}", WarningLineBrush);
-                }
+                arguments.Add("--log-file");
+                arguments.Add(filePath);
+                AppendConsoleLine(Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.LogFile", filePath), DimLineBrush);
             }
         }
 
-        AppendConsoleLine($"$ SharpEmu {string.Join(' ', arguments)}", DimLineBrush);
+        arguments.Add(ebootPath);
+
+        AppendConsoleLine(
+            Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.Command", string.Join(' ', arguments)),
+            DimLineBrush);
+
+        // Apply the enabled switches to this process; both emulator launch paths
+        // (CreateProcessW and Process.Start) inherit it. Clear switches turned
+        // off since the previous launch.
+        foreach (var staleName in _appliedEnvironmentVariables)
+        {
+            if (!_settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains(staleName))
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(staleName, null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _appliedEnvironmentVariables.Clear();
+        foreach (var name in _settings.EnvironmentToggles)
+        {
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(name, "1");
+            _appliedEnvironmentVariables.Add(name);
+        }
 
         var emulator = new EmulatorProcess();
         emulator.OutputReceived += (line, isError) => _pendingLines.Enqueue((line, isError));
@@ -1127,7 +1478,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             emulator.Dispose();
-            AppendConsoleLine($"Failed to start the emulator: {ex.Message}", ErrorLineBrush);
+            AppendConsoleLine(Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.StartFailed", ex.Message), ErrorLineBrush);
             DropFileLog();
             return;
         }
@@ -1140,8 +1491,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             .TitleId;
         _runningSinceUnixSeconds = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
         StatusDot.Fill = SuccessLineBrush;
-        StatusText.Text = $"Running — {displayName}";
-        StatusBarRight.Text = $"Running {displayName}";
+        StatusText.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.Running", displayName);
+        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Status.Running", displayName);
         UpdateRunButtons();
         UpdateDiscordPresence();
     }
@@ -1163,8 +1514,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _emulator?.Stop();
         _runningGameName = null;
         _runningGameTitleId = null;
-        StatusText.Text = "Stopping…";
-        StatusBarRight.Text = "Stopping…";
+        StatusText.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.Stopping");
+        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Status.Stopping");
         UpdateDiscordPresence();
     }
 
@@ -1206,22 +1557,24 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _emulator?.Dispose();
         _emulator = null;
 
-        var meaning = exitCode switch
+        var meaningKey = exitCode switch
         {
-            0 => "OK",
-            1 => "invalid arguments",
-            2 => "eboot not found",
-            3 => "runtime exception",
-            4 => "emulation error",
-            _ => "unknown",
+            0 => "Exit.Ok",
+            1 => "Exit.InvalidArguments",
+            2 => "Exit.EbootNotFound",
+            3 => "Exit.RuntimeException",
+            4 => "Exit.EmulationError",
+            -1073741819 => "Exit.EmulationError",
+            _ => "Exit.Unknown",
         };
+        var meaning = Localization.Instance.Get(meaningKey);
         var brush = exitCode == 0 ? SuccessLineBrush : ErrorLineBrush;
-        AppendConsoleLine($"Process exited with code {exitCode} ({meaning}).", brush);
+        AppendConsoleLine(Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.ProcessExited", exitCode, meaning), brush);
         CloseFileLogSoon();
 
         StatusDot.Fill = exitCode == 0 ? (IBrush)SuccessLineBrush : ErrorLineBrush;
-        StatusText.Text = $"Exited with code {exitCode} ({meaning})";
-        StatusBarRight.Text = "Idle";
+        StatusText.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.Exited", exitCode, meaning);
+        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Status.Idle");
         _runningGameName = null;
         _runningGameTitleId = null;
         UpdateRunButtons();
@@ -1235,27 +1588,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         OpenFileButton.IsEnabled = !_isRunning;
     }
 
-    private async Task SelectFilePathAsync()
-    {
-        SaveFilePickerResult result = await StorageProvider.SaveFilePickerWithResultAsync(new FilePickerSaveOptions
-        {
-            Title = "Select where to save the Log file",
-            SuggestedFileName = "SharpEmuLog",
-            DefaultExtension = "log",
-            FileTypeChoices =
-                [
-                    new FilePickerFileType("Plain Text Files") { Patterns = ["*.txt"] },
-                    new FilePickerFileType("Log Files") { Patterns = ["*.log"] }
-                ]
-        });
-
-        if (result.File is not null)
-        {
-            _settings.LogFilePath = result.File.Path.LocalPath;
-            ToolTip.SetTip(SelectLogFilePathButton, _settings.LogFilePath);
-        }
-    }
-
     // ---- Console ----
 
     private void FlushPendingConsoleLines()
@@ -1266,7 +1598,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
 
         var incoming = new List<LogLine>();
-        while (_pendingLines.TryDequeue(out var pending))
+        while (incoming.Count < MaxConsoleLinesPerFlush &&
+               _pendingLines.TryDequeue(out var pending))
         {
             WriteFileLog(pending.Line);
             incoming.Add(new LogLine(pending.Line, BrushForLine(pending.Line)));
@@ -1470,4 +1803,28 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         var text = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, _consoleLines.Select(line => line.Text));
         await Clipboard.SetTextAsync(text);
     }
+
+    private void ShowConsoleWindow()
+    {
+        if (_consoleWindow is { } window)
+        {
+            window.Activate();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ConsoleSearchBox.Text = string.Empty;
+        ConsoleToggle.IsChecked = false;
+        ConsolePanel.IsVisible = false;
+        _consoleWindow = new ConsoleWindow(
+            _consoleLines,
+            () => { _consoleLines.Clear(); _allConsoleLines.Clear(); },
+            AutoScrollCheck.IsChecked == true);
+        _consoleWindow.Closed += (_, _) =>
+        {
+            _consoleWindow = null;
+            ConsoleToggle.IsChecked = true;
+            ConsolePanel.IsVisible = true;
+        };
+        _consoleWindow.Show(this);
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.GUI/SharpEmu.GUI.csproj

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   <PropertyGroup>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>false</GenerateDocumentationFile>
     <Version>0.0.1</Version>
+    <!-- Required by the source-generated LibraryImport stubs in the linked
+         controller readers below. -->
+    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <!-- Dependency-free; provides the BuildInfo provenance shown in the
@@ -28,17 +31,27 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\SharpEmu.ico" Link="Assets/SharpEmu.ico" />
+    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\github.png" Link="Assets/github.png" />
+    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\discord.png" Link="Assets/discord.png" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <!-- The controller readers (DualSense raw HID + Xbox XInput) are shared
-       with the emulator's pad HLE. They are dependency-free, so they are
-       compiled in directly rather than pulling a reference to all of
-       SharpEmu.Libs into the launcher. -->
   <ItemGroup>
-    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.Libs\Pad\PadState.cs" Link="Input/PadState.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.Libs\Pad\HidNative.cs" Link="Input/HidNative.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.Libs\Pad\DualSenseReader.cs" Link="Input/DualSenseReader.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.Libs\Pad\XInputReader.cs" Link="Input/XInputReader.cs" />
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Languages\*.json">
+      <LogicalName>Languages.%(Filename)%(Extension)</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+
+
+  <!-- The controller readers (DualSense raw HID + Xbox XInput) are shared
+       with the emulator's host input backend. They are dependency-free, so
+       they are compiled in directly rather than pulling a reference to all
+       of SharpEmu.HLE into the launcher. -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.HLE\Host\HostGamepadState.cs" Link="Input/HostGamepadState.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.HLE\Host\Windows\WindowsHidNative.cs" Link="Input/WindowsHidNative.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.HLE\Host\Windows\WindowsDualSenseReader.cs" Link="Input/WindowsDualSenseReader.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.HLE\Host\Windows\WindowsXInputReader.cs" Link="Input/WindowsXInputReader.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>

src/SharpEmu.GUI/SndPreviewPlayer.cs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ internal sealed class SndPreviewPlayer
         {
             // Debounce so skimming through the library does not decode (or
             // start) a preview per tile.
-            await Task.Delay(300).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            await Task.Delay(120).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             byte[]? wav;
             lock (_sync)

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Aerolib/Aerolib.cs

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
 
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Linq;
+using SharpEmu.Logging;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 public sealed class Aerolib : ISymbolCatalog
 {
+    private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("Aerolib");
     private static readonly Lazy<Aerolib> _instance = new(() => new Aerolib());
     private static readonly Aerolib EmptyCatalog = new Aerolib(empty: true);
 
@@ -108,14 +110,14 @@ public sealed class Aerolib : ISymbolCatalog
 
             if (resourceName == null)
             {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine("[AEROLIB] Embedded resource 'aerolib.bin' not found");
+                Log.Error("Embedded resource 'aerolib.bin' not found");
                 return;
             }
 
             using var stream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName);
             if (stream == null)
             {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine("[AEROLIB] Failed to open embedded resource stream");
+                Log.Error("Failed to open embedded resource stream");
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -145,11 +147,11 @@ public sealed class Aerolib : ISymbolCatalog
                 _byExportName[name] = symbol;
             }
 
-            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[AEROLIB] Loaded {_byNid.Count} NID entries from binary resource");
+            Log.Info($"Loaded {_byNid.Count} NID entries from binary resource");
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[AEROLIB] Failed to load embedded aerolib.bin: {ex.Message}");
+            Log.Error($"Failed to load embedded aerolib.bin: {ex.Message}", ex);
         }
     }
 

src/SharpEmu.HLE/CpuContext.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+using System.Buffers;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Text;
 
@@ -238,23 +239,63 @@ public sealed class CpuContext(ICpuMemory memory, Generation generation)
             return false;
         }
 
-        var bytes = new byte[capacity];
-        for (var index = 0; index < bytes.Length; index++)
+        const int StackBufferLength = 512;
+        const int ReadChunkLength = 128;
+        var rented = capacity > StackBufferLength ? ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(capacity) : null;
+        Span<byte> bytes = rented is null ? stackalloc byte[StackBufferLength] : rented;
+        try
         {
-            if (!Memory.TryRead(address + (ulong)index, bytes.AsSpan(index, 1)))
+            var length = 0;
+            while (length < capacity)
             {
-                return false;
+                // Bulk-read in bounded chunks rather than the full capacity: the string
+                // may end just before unmapped memory, and overreading past the
+                // terminator by more than a chunk could fault where the old
+                // byte-by-byte loop succeeded.
+                var chunk = Math.Min(ReadChunkLength, capacity - length);
+                var span = bytes.Slice(length, chunk);
+                if (Memory.TryRead(address + (ulong)length, span))
+                {
+                    var terminator = span.IndexOf((byte)0);
+                    if (terminator >= 0)
+                    {
+                        value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes[..(length + terminator)]);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    length += chunk;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // The chunk touches an unreadable range; fall back to per-byte reads so a
+                // terminator sitting before the bad byte still yields the string.
+                for (var i = 0; i < chunk; i++)
+                {
+                    if (!Memory.TryRead(address + (ulong)(length + i), bytes.Slice(length + i, 1)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (bytes[length + i] == 0)
+                    {
+                        value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes[..(length + i)]);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                length += chunk;
             }
 
-            if (bytes[index] == 0)
+            value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes[..capacity]);
+            return true;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (rented is not null)
             {
-                value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, index);
-                return true;
+                ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(rented);
             }
         }
-
-        value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
-        return true;
     }
 
     public bool PushUInt64(ulong value)

src/SharpEmu.HLE/GuestPageProtection.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+[Flags]
+public enum GuestPageProtection
+{
+    None = 0,
+    Read = 1,
+    Write = 2,
+    Execute = 4,
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/GuestThreadExecution.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,20 @@ public readonly record struct GuestThreadSnapshot(
     ulong LastReturnRip,
     string? BlockReason);
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Continuation state for a blocked guest thread, replacing the closure pair a blocking
+/// wait used to allocate. TryWake runs under the scheduler's guest-thread gate and
+/// returns true when the waiter has a final result and the thread should be re-readied;
+/// false leaves it parked. Resume runs later on the woken thread outside that gate, and
+/// its return value becomes the guest's RAX for the resumed call.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IGuestThreadBlockWaiter
+{
+    int Resume();
+
+    bool TryWake();
+}
+
 public interface IGuestThreadScheduler
 {
     bool SupportsGuestContextTransfer { get; }
@@ -106,10 +120,7 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
     private static string? _pendingBlockWakeKey;
 
     [ThreadStatic]
-    private static Func<int>? _pendingBlockResumeHandler;
-
-    [ThreadStatic]
-    private static Func<bool>? _pendingBlockWakeHandler;
+    private static IGuestThreadBlockWaiter? _pendingBlockWaiter;
 
     [ThreadStatic]
     private static long _pendingBlockDeadlineTimestamp;
@@ -157,8 +168,7 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
         _pendingBlockContinuationValid = false;
         _pendingBlockContinuation = default;
         _pendingBlockWakeKey = null;
-        _pendingBlockResumeHandler = null;
-        _pendingBlockWakeHandler = null;
+        _pendingBlockWaiter = null;
         _pendingBlockDeadlineTimestamp = 0;
         _pendingEntryExit = false;
         _pendingEntryExitValue = 0;
@@ -179,8 +189,7 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
         _pendingBlockContinuationValid = false;
         _pendingBlockContinuation = default;
         _pendingBlockWakeKey = null;
-        _pendingBlockResumeHandler = null;
-        _pendingBlockWakeHandler = null;
+        _pendingBlockWaiter = null;
         _pendingBlockDeadlineTimestamp = 0;
         _pendingEntryExit = false;
         _pendingEntryExitValue = 0;
@@ -211,8 +220,7 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
         CpuContext? context,
         string reason,
         string? wakeKey = null,
-        Func<int>? resumeHandler = null,
-        Func<bool>? wakeHandler = null,
+        IGuestThreadBlockWaiter? waiter = null,
         long blockDeadlineTimestamp = 0)
     {
         if (!IsGuestThread)
@@ -222,8 +230,7 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
 
         _pendingBlockReason = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(reason) ? "guest_thread_blocked" : reason;
         _pendingBlockWakeKey = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(wakeKey) ? _pendingBlockReason : wakeKey;
-        _pendingBlockResumeHandler = resumeHandler;
-        _pendingBlockWakeHandler = wakeHandler;
+        _pendingBlockWaiter = waiter;
         _pendingBlockDeadlineTimestamp = blockDeadlineTimestamp;
         if (context is not null && TryCaptureCurrentBlockContinuation(context, out var continuation))
         {
@@ -255,7 +262,6 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
             out hasContinuation,
             out _,
             out _,
-            out _,
             out _);
     }
 
@@ -264,16 +270,14 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
         out GuestCpuContinuation continuation,
         out bool hasContinuation,
         out string wakeKey,
-        out Func<int>? resumeHandler,
-        out Func<bool>? wakeHandler)
+        out IGuestThreadBlockWaiter? waiter)
     {
         return TryConsumeCurrentThreadBlock(
             out reason,
             out continuation,
             out hasContinuation,
             out wakeKey,
-            out resumeHandler,
-            out wakeHandler,
+            out waiter,
             out _);
     }
 
@@ -282,8 +286,7 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
         out GuestCpuContinuation continuation,
         out bool hasContinuation,
         out string wakeKey,
-        out Func<int>? resumeHandler,
-        out Func<bool>? wakeHandler,
+        out IGuestThreadBlockWaiter? waiter,
         out long blockDeadlineTimestamp)
     {
         reason = _pendingBlockReason ?? string.Empty;
@@ -292,8 +295,7 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
             continuation = default;
             hasContinuation = false;
             wakeKey = string.Empty;
-            resumeHandler = null;
-            wakeHandler = null;
+            waiter = null;
             blockDeadlineTimestamp = 0;
             return false;
         }
@@ -301,15 +303,13 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
         continuation = _pendingBlockContinuation;
         hasContinuation = _pendingBlockContinuationValid;
         wakeKey = _pendingBlockWakeKey ?? reason;
-        resumeHandler = _pendingBlockResumeHandler;
-        wakeHandler = _pendingBlockWakeHandler;
+        waiter = _pendingBlockWaiter;
         blockDeadlineTimestamp = _pendingBlockDeadlineTimestamp;
         _pendingBlockReason = null;
         _pendingBlockContinuation = default;
         _pendingBlockContinuationValid = false;
         _pendingBlockWakeKey = null;
-        _pendingBlockResumeHandler = null;
-        _pendingBlockWakeHandler = null;
+        _pendingBlockWaiter = null;
         _pendingBlockDeadlineTimestamp = 0;
         return true;
     }

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/HostCapturedRegisters.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// General-purpose register snapshot of a suspended thread, produced by
+/// <see cref="IHostThreading.TryCaptureThreadRegisters"/>. Registers are named
+/// after the guest ISA (x86-64), which every supported host executes natively.
+/// </summary>
+public readonly record struct HostCapturedRegisters(
+    ulong Rip,
+    ulong Rsp,
+    ulong Rbp,
+    ulong Rax,
+    ulong Rbx,
+    ulong Rcx,
+    ulong Rdx);

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/HostGamepadState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Host-neutral gamepad button flags. Named after the PlayStation layout the guest API
+/// exposes, but the numeric values are the seam's own — the HLE pad exports translate
+/// them to SCE_PAD_BUTTON bits, so guest ABI values never leak into host backends.
+/// </summary>
+[Flags]
+public enum HostGamepadButtons : uint
+{
+    None = 0,
+    Up = 1 << 0,
+    Down = 1 << 1,
+    Left = 1 << 2,
+    Right = 1 << 3,
+    Cross = 1 << 4,
+    Circle = 1 << 5,
+    Square = 1 << 6,
+    Triangle = 1 << 7,
+    L1 = 1 << 8,
+    R1 = 1 << 9,
+    L2 = 1 << 10,
+    R2 = 1 << 11,
+    L3 = 1 << 12,
+    R3 = 1 << 13,
+    Options = 1 << 14,
+    TouchPad = 1 << 15,
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Snapshot of one host gamepad: sticks are 0..255 with 128 centered and Y growing
+/// downward; triggers 0..255. Unmanaged on purpose so per-frame polls can stackalloc
+/// snapshot buffers.
+/// </summary>
+public readonly record struct HostGamepadState(
+    bool Connected,
+    HostGamepadButtons Buttons,
+    byte LeftX,
+    byte LeftY,
+    byte RightX,
+    byte RightY,
+    byte LeftTrigger,
+    byte RightTrigger);

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/HostPageProtection.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Platform-neutral page protection. Values intentionally enumerate the exact
+/// combinations the emulator uses today so each maps 1:1 onto a single native
+/// protection constant (PAGE_* on Windows, PROT_* elsewhere).
+/// </summary>
+public enum HostPageProtection
+{
+    NoAccess,
+    ReadOnly,
+    ReadWrite,
+    Execute,
+    ReadExecute,
+    ReadWriteExecute,
+    ExecuteWriteCopy,
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/HostPlatform.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Process-wide access point for the host platform backend. Static HLE export
+/// classes (which cannot receive constructor injection) resolve host primitives
+/// through <see cref="Current"/>; injectable components should instead accept an
+/// <see cref="IHostPlatform"/> and merely default to this.
+/// </summary>
+public static class HostPlatform
+{
+    private static readonly Lazy<IHostPlatform> Instance = new(Create);
+
+    public static IHostPlatform Current => Instance.Value;
+
+    private static IHostPlatform Create()
+    {
+        // The Windows backend executes guest x86-64 natively and emits x86-64
+        // stubs, so a native ARM64 process must be rejected here rather than
+        // crash undefined later (x64 processes under emulation report X64).
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows() && RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture == Architecture.X64)
+        {
+            return new WindowsHostPlatform();
+        }
+
+        if ((OperatingSystem.IsLinux() || OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()) &&
+            RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture == Architecture.X64)
+        {
+            return new PosixHostPlatform();
+        }
+
+        throw new PlatformNotSupportedException(
+            "SharpEmu native guest execution requires an x86-64 process on Windows, Linux, or macOS. " +
+            "On Apple Silicon, use the osx-x64 build under Rosetta 2.");
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/HostRegionInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Result of <see cref="IHostMemory.Query"/>. The Raw* fields carry the
+/// untranslated OS values so call sites migrated from direct VirtualQuery use
+/// keep comparing (and logging) the exact native words they did before;
+/// <see cref="State"/> and <see cref="Protection"/> are neutral views.
+/// </summary>
+public readonly record struct HostRegionInfo(
+    ulong BaseAddress,
+    ulong AllocationBase,
+    ulong RegionSize,
+    HostRegionState State,
+    uint RawState,
+    HostPageProtection Protection,
+    uint RawProtection,
+    uint RawAllocationProtection);

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/HostRegionState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+public enum HostRegionState
+{
+    Free,
+    Reserved,
+    Committed,
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/HostRuntimeFunction.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Host functions whose addresses the execution engine bakes into emitted
+/// stubs (spin-waits, worker run loops, TLS reads). Enum-keyed rather than a
+/// free-form name lookup: each platform's emitters need their own specific
+/// functions, and this set is exactly what the current emitters consume.
+/// </summary>
+public enum HostRuntimeFunction
+{
+    TlsGetValue,
+    QueryPerformanceCounter,
+    SwitchToThread,
+    Sleep,
+    WaitForSingleObject,
+    SetEvent,
+    ExitThread,
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostAudioOutput.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Host audio-output device access. The HLE audio exports convert guest submissions to
+/// interleaved stereo 16-bit PCM (the format every backend accepts) and feed them through
+/// streams opened here; everything device-specific — queueing, backpressure, native
+/// buffer lifetime — lives behind <see cref="IHostAudioStream"/>.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHostAudioOutput
+{
+    /// <summary>Backend identifier for diagnostics (e.g. "winmm").</summary>
+    string BackendName { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Opens an interleaved stereo 16-bit PCM output stream at the given sample rate.
+    /// Throws when the host has no usable output device; callers degrade to a silent
+    /// port and pace the guest instead.
+    /// </summary>
+    IHostAudioStream OpenStereoPcm16Stream(uint sampleRate);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostAudioStream.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// One open host audio output stream. Submissions are interleaved stereo 16-bit PCM at
+/// the sample rate the stream was opened with.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHostAudioStream : IDisposable
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Submits one buffer. May block briefly while the device drains its queue (this is
+    /// what paces the guest's audio loop); returns false when the stream cannot accept
+    /// audio, in which case the caller paces the guest itself.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool Submit(ReadOnlySpan<byte> stereoPcm16);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostFaultHandling.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Installation mechanics for the process-wide fault interception the execution
+/// engine relies on to catch guest faults. Deliberately thin: the managed
+/// handlers keep receiving the platform's raw exception data, and the emitted
+/// pre-filter thunk is an opaque per-platform unit. Implementations live next
+/// to the execution backend (SharpEmu.Core), not behind HostPlatform.Current.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHostFaultHandling
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Emits the native thunk that wraps a managed fault handler: it pre-filters
+    /// exception codes that must never enter managed code and, when the fault
+    /// happened on a guest stack, switches to the host stack saved in
+    /// <paramref name="hostRspSwitchTlsSlot"/> before the call. Returns 0 on failure.
+    /// </summary>
+    nint CreateHandlerThunk(nint managedCallback, uint hostRspSwitchTlsSlot, nint tlsGetValueAddress);
+
+    void FreeThunk(nint thunk);
+
+    /// <summary>Installs a first-chance handler ahead of existing ones; returns a removal handle (0 on failure).</summary>
+    nint AddFirstChanceHandler(nint thunk);
+
+    void RemoveHandler(nint handle);
+
+    /// <summary>Installs the last-resort filter; pass 0 to clear.</summary>
+    void SetUnhandledFilter(nint thunk);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostInput.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Host input devices: gamepad state snapshots, force-feedback/lightbar sinks, and the
+/// keyboard-fallback queries. Which physical readers exist (DualSense over raw HID,
+/// XInput, evdev, ...) is a backend detail; merge policy between devices and the
+/// keyboard lives in the HLE pad exports.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHostInput
+{
+    /// <summary>Starts the background device readers once; safe to call repeatedly.</summary>
+    void EnsureStarted();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Fills <paramref name="destination"/> with snapshots of currently connected
+    /// gamepads and returns how many were written (0 when none are connected).
+    /// </summary>
+    int GetGamepadStates(Span<HostGamepadState> destination);
+
+    /// <summary>Human-readable name of the first connected gamepad, or null.</summary>
+    string? DescribeConnectedGamepad();
+
+    /// <summary>Sets rumble on all connected gamepads; large = strong/left motor.</summary>
+    void SetRumble(byte largeMotor, byte smallMotor);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Approximates per-trigger vibration on gamepads without independent trigger
+    /// actuators; null leaves that trigger's current value unchanged.
+    /// </summary>
+    void SetTriggerRumble(byte? leftTrigger, byte? rightTrigger);
+
+    void SetLightbar(byte red, byte green, byte blue);
+
+    void ResetLightbar();
+
+    /// <summary>True when a window of this process has keyboard focus.</summary>
+    bool IsHostWindowFocused();
+
+    /// <summary>Windows virtual-key code semantics; other backends translate.</summary>
+    bool IsKeyDown(int virtualKey);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostMemory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Host page-allocation primitives used by the native execution engine.
+/// Allocate/Reserve/Commit are deliberately separate members (rather than a
+/// flags parameter) so every call site maps 1:1 onto the exact native call it
+/// replaced, keeping the Windows behavior byte-for-byte identical.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHostMemory
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reserves and commits pages in one step. <paramref name="desiredAddress"/> of 0
+    /// lets the OS choose the address. Returns the base address, or 0 on failure.
+    /// The OS may satisfy the request at a different address than desired; callers
+    /// that require an exact placement must check the result themselves.
+    /// </summary>
+    ulong Allocate(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection);
+
+    /// <summary>Reserves address space without committing pages (lazy regions).</summary>
+    ulong Reserve(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection);
+
+    /// <summary>Commits pages inside a previously reserved range (fault-path lazy commit).</summary>
+    bool Commit(ulong address, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection);
+
+    /// <summary>Releases an entire allocation or reservation by its base address.</summary>
+    bool Free(ulong address);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Changes protection on committed pages. <paramref name="rawOldProtection"/> is the
+    /// untranslated previous OS protection value (see <see cref="HostRegionInfo.RawProtection"/>).
+    /// </summary>
+    bool Protect(ulong address, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection, out uint rawOldProtection);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Restores a raw protection value previously returned by <see cref="Protect"/> or
+    /// <see cref="Query"/> on this same platform. Raw values are opaque to callers and
+    /// must never cross platforms; this exists so save/restore protection sequences
+    /// round-trip OS-specific modifier bits the neutral enum cannot represent.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool ProtectRaw(ulong address, ulong size, uint rawProtection, out uint rawOldProtection);
+
+    bool Query(ulong address, out HostRegionInfo info);
+
+    void FlushInstructionCache(ulong address, ulong size);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostPlatform.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Aggregates the host-OS primitives the native execution engine depends on.
+/// Each supported platform provides one implementation; consumers reach the
+/// process-wide instance through <see cref="HostPlatform.Current"/> or accept
+/// one by injection.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHostPlatform
+{
+    IHostMemory Memory { get; }
+
+    IHostThreading Threading { get; }
+
+    IHostSymbolResolver Symbols { get; }
+
+    IHostAudioOutput Audio { get; }
+
+    IHostInput Input { get; }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostSymbolResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+public interface IHostSymbolResolver
+{
+    /// <summary>Returns the native address of the function, or 0 if unavailable.</summary>
+    nint GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction function);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/IHostThreading.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Raw host thread and native-TLS primitives for the execution engine. Guest
+/// code must run on threads the CLR did not create (no managed frames below
+/// guest frames), so thread creation takes a native entry point and is not
+/// expressible with managed threads.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IHostThreading
+{
+    /// <summary>Allocates a native TLS slot; returns <see cref="uint.MaxValue"/> on failure.</summary>
+    uint AllocateTlsSlot();
+
+    bool FreeTlsSlot(uint slot);
+
+    bool SetTlsValue(uint slot, nint value);
+
+    nint GetTlsValue(uint slot);
+
+    uint CurrentThreadId { get; }
+
+    bool TrySetCurrentThreadAffinity(nuint affinityMask);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Asks the OS for ~1 ms timed-wait granularity for the life of the process
+    /// (idempotent; best-effort). No-op on platforms whose default is already fine.
+    /// </summary>
+    void RequestTimerResolution();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a raw OS thread executing native code at <paramref name="entry"/> with
+    /// <paramref name="stackReserveBytes"/> of reserved (not committed) stack.
+    /// Returns the thread handle, or 0 on failure.
+    /// </summary>
+    nint CreateNativeThread(nint entry, nint parameter, nuint stackReserveBytes, out uint threadId);
+
+    /// <summary>Waits for the thread to exit; true when it did within the timeout.</summary>
+    bool WaitForThreadExit(nint threadHandle, uint timeoutMilliseconds);
+
+    void CloseThreadHandle(nint threadHandle);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Suspends the thread, snapshots its general-purpose registers, and resumes it —
+    /// one indivisible operation (diagnostics only). The caller must not pass the
+    /// current thread. Returns false if the thread cannot be opened or suspended.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool TryCaptureThreadRegisters(uint threadId, out HostCapturedRegisters registers);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixAlsaAudioStream.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// ALSA-based playback for Linux. The PCM device is opened in blocking mode
+/// with a device buffer sized to match the 32KB queue the other backends
+/// keep, so snd_pcm_writei itself provides the backpressure pacing. The
+/// "default" device routes through PulseAudio/PipeWire on desktops and to
+/// the hardware on bare ALSA setups; SHARPEMU_ALSA_DEVICE overrides it.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe class PosixAlsaAudioStream : IHostAudioStream
+{
+    // 32KB of stereo PCM16 at 48kHz is ~170ms; keep the same device-side
+    // queue depth the WinMM/CoreAudio ports enforce in managed code.
+    private const uint DeviceLatencyMicroseconds = 170_000;
+    private const int StreamPlayback = 0;
+    private const int FormatS16LittleEndian = 2;
+    private const int AccessReadWriteInterleaved = 3;
+    private const int ErrorPipe = -32; // -EPIPE, underrun
+    private const int ErrorStreamPipe = -86; // -ESTRPIPE, suspended
+
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private nint _pcm;
+    private bool _disposed;
+
+    public PosixAlsaAudioStream(uint sampleRate)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("ALSA audio is only available on Linux.");
+        }
+
+        var device = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_ALSA_DEVICE");
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(device))
+        {
+            device = "default";
+        }
+
+        var status = snd_pcm_open(out _pcm, device, StreamPlayback, 0);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"snd_pcm_open(\"{device}\") failed: {DescribeError(status)}.");
+        }
+
+        status = snd_pcm_set_params(
+            _pcm,
+            FormatS16LittleEndian,
+            AccessReadWriteInterleaved,
+            2,
+            sampleRate,
+            1,
+            DeviceLatencyMicroseconds);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            _ = snd_pcm_close(_pcm);
+            _pcm = 0;
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"snd_pcm_set_params({sampleRate} Hz) failed: {DescribeError(status)}.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool Submit(ReadOnlySpan<byte> stereoPcm16)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return WritePcm(stereoPcm16, (uint)(stereoPcm16.Length / 4));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _disposed = true;
+            if (_pcm != 0)
+            {
+                _ = snd_pcm_drop(_pcm);
+                _ = snd_pcm_close(_pcm);
+                _pcm = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool WritePcm(ReadOnlySpan<byte> pcm, uint frames)
+    {
+        var recovered = false;
+        fixed (byte* data = pcm)
+        {
+            var offset = 0L;
+            while (offset < frames)
+            {
+                var written = snd_pcm_writei(
+                    _pcm,
+                    data + (offset * 4),
+                    (nuint)(frames - offset));
+                if (written >= 0)
+                {
+                    offset += written;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // One recovery attempt per submit covers underruns (-EPIPE)
+                // and suspend/resume (-ESTRPIPE); anything else, or a second
+                // failure, drops the buffer rather than stalling the guest.
+                if (recovered ||
+                    (written != ErrorPipe && written != ErrorStreamPipe) ||
+                    snd_pcm_recover(_pcm, (int)written, 1) != 0)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                recovered = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static string DescribeError(long status)
+    {
+        var message = Marshal.PtrToStringUTF8(snd_strerror((int)status));
+        return $"{message ?? "unknown error"} ({status})";
+    }
+
+    private const string Alsa = "libasound.so.2";
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_open(
+        out nint pcm,
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPUTF8Str)] string name,
+        int stream,
+        int mode);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_set_params(
+        nint pcm,
+        int format,
+        int access,
+        uint channels,
+        uint rate,
+        int softResample,
+        uint latencyUs);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern long snd_pcm_writei(nint pcm, byte* buffer, nuint frames);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_recover(nint pcm, int error, int silent);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_drop(nint pcm);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_close(nint pcm);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern nint snd_strerror(int error);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixCoreAudioStream.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// AudioQueue-based playback for macOS. Buffers are enqueued as stereo PCM16
+/// and returned by the queue's internal thread through the output callback;
+/// Submit applies the same 32KB backpressure the WinMM backend uses so guest
+/// pacing works identically.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe class PosixCoreAudioStream : IHostAudioStream
+{
+    private const int MaximumQueuedPcmBytes = 32 * 1024;
+    private const uint FormatLinearPcm = 0x6C70636D; // 'lpcm'
+    private const uint FlagIsSignedInteger = 0x4;
+    private const uint FlagIsPacked = 0x8;
+
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly AutoResetEvent _completion = new(false);
+    private readonly Queue<nint> _freeBuffers = new();
+    private GCHandle _selfHandle;
+    private nint _queue;
+    private int _queuedPcmBytes;
+    private bool _started;
+    private bool _disposed;
+
+    public PosixCoreAudioStream(uint sampleRate)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("CoreAudio is only available on macOS.");
+        }
+
+        var format = new AudioStreamBasicDescription
+        {
+            SampleRate = sampleRate,
+            FormatId = FormatLinearPcm,
+            FormatFlags = FlagIsSignedInteger | FlagIsPacked,
+            BytesPerPacket = 4,
+            FramesPerPacket = 1,
+            BytesPerFrame = 4,
+            ChannelsPerFrame = 2,
+            BitsPerChannel = 16,
+        };
+
+        _selfHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(this);
+        var status = AudioQueueNewOutput(
+            &format,
+            &OutputCallback,
+            GCHandle.ToIntPtr(_selfHandle),
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            out _queue);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            _selfHandle.Free();
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"AudioQueueNewOutput failed with OSStatus {status}.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool Submit(ReadOnlySpan<byte> stereoPcm16)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed || _queue == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var outputLength = stereoPcm16.Length;
+            while (_queuedPcmBytes != 0 &&
+                   _queuedPcmBytes + outputLength > MaximumQueuedPcmBytes)
+            {
+                Monitor.Exit(_gate);
+                try
+                {
+                    // Dispose can free the event while this thread waits
+                    // outside the gate; treat that like a timed-out wait.
+                    if (!_completion.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (ObjectDisposedException)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    Monitor.Enter(_gate);
+                }
+
+                if (_disposed)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!TryTakeBuffer(outputLength, out var buffer))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var audioData = ((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioData;
+            stereoPcm16.CopyTo(new Span<byte>(audioData, outputLength));
+
+            ((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioDataByteSize = (uint)outputLength;
+            if (AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(_queue, buffer, 0, 0) != 0)
+            {
+                _freeBuffers.Enqueue(buffer);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            _queuedPcmBytes += outputLength;
+            if (!_started)
+            {
+                if (AudioQueueStart(_queue, 0) != 0)
+                {
+                    // A queue that never starts never drains, so later
+                    // submits would block on backpressure until their
+                    // timeout. Tear the queue down and fail fast instead.
+                    _ = AudioQueueDispose(_queue, true);
+                    _queue = 0;
+                    _queuedPcmBytes = 0;
+                    _freeBuffers.Clear();
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                _started = true;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _disposed = true;
+            if (_queue != 0)
+            {
+                // Synchronous dispose stops the queue, frees its buffers, and
+                // guarantees no further callbacks reference this instance.
+                _ = AudioQueueDispose(_queue, true);
+                _queue = 0;
+            }
+
+            _freeBuffers.Clear();
+            // Wake any submitter waiting on backpressure before the event
+            // goes away; a late waiter observes ObjectDisposedException and
+            // bails out in Submit.
+            _completion.Set();
+            _completion.Dispose();
+            if (_selfHandle.IsAllocated)
+            {
+                _selfHandle.Free();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryTakeBuffer(int length, out nint buffer)
+    {
+        while (_freeBuffers.TryDequeue(out buffer))
+        {
+            if (((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioDataBytesCapacity >= (uint)length)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            _ = AudioQueueFreeBuffer(_queue, buffer);
+        }
+
+        return AudioQueueAllocateBuffer(_queue, (uint)length, out buffer) == 0;
+    }
+
+    [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
+    private static void OutputCallback(nint userData, nint queue, nint buffer)
+    {
+        if (GCHandle.FromIntPtr(userData).Target is not PosixCoreAudioStream port)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (port._gate)
+        {
+            if (port._disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            port._queuedPcmBytes -= checked((int)((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioDataByteSize);
+            port._freeBuffers.Enqueue(buffer);
+        }
+
+        port._completion.Set();
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    private struct AudioStreamBasicDescription
+    {
+        public double SampleRate;
+        public uint FormatId;
+        public uint FormatFlags;
+        public uint BytesPerPacket;
+        public uint FramesPerPacket;
+        public uint BytesPerFrame;
+        public uint ChannelsPerFrame;
+        public uint BitsPerChannel;
+        public uint Reserved;
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    private struct AudioQueueBuffer
+    {
+        public uint AudioDataBytesCapacity;
+        public void* AudioData;
+        public uint AudioDataByteSize;
+        public nint UserData;
+        public uint PacketDescriptionCapacity;
+        public nint PacketDescriptions;
+        public uint PacketDescriptionCount;
+    }
+
+    private const string AudioToolbox =
+        "/System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/AudioToolbox";
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueNewOutput(
+        AudioStreamBasicDescription* format,
+        delegate* unmanaged<nint, nint, nint, void> callback,
+        nint userData,
+        nint callbackRunLoop,
+        nint runLoopMode,
+        uint flags,
+        out nint queue);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueAllocateBuffer(nint queue, uint bufferByteSize, out nint buffer);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueFreeBuffer(nint queue, nint buffer);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(nint queue, nint buffer, uint packetDescriptionCount, nint packetDescriptions);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueStart(nint queue, nint startTime);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueDispose(nint queue, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool immediate);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixHostAudio.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// POSIX audio output: CoreAudio (AudioQueue) on macOS, ALSA on Linux. Both
+/// streams accept the seam's interleaved stereo PCM16 and pace the guest via
+/// device-queue backpressure.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class PosixHostAudio : IHostAudioOutput
+{
+    public string BackendName => OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "coreaudio" : "alsa";
+
+    public IHostAudioStream OpenStereoPcm16Stream(uint sampleRate)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? new PosixCoreAudioStream(sampleRate)
+            : new PosixAlsaAudioStream(sampleRate);
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixHostInput.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Bridges a window-provided input source into the host input seam. POSIX
+/// hosts have no user32/XInput/raw-HID readers; keyboard and gamepad state
+/// come from the presenter's GLFW window instead, which registers itself via
+/// <see cref="SetSource"/> once the window exists. Until then (and with no
+/// window at all, e.g. headless runs) every query reports neutral input.
+/// Rumble and lightbar are unsupported by the GLFW input layer and no-op.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IPosixWindowInputSource
+{
+    /// <summary>True while the window's keyboard is delivering events.</summary>
+    bool HasKeyboardFocus { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Windows virtual-key semantics; the source translates.</summary>
+    bool IsKeyDown(int virtualKey);
+
+    /// <summary>Same contract as <see cref="IHostInput.GetGamepadStates"/>.</summary>
+    int GetGamepadStates(Span<HostGamepadState> destination);
+
+    string? DescribeConnectedGamepad();
+}
+
+// Public so the presenter's window layer (SharpEmu.Libs) can register its
+// input source; the platform still constructs the singleton itself.
+public sealed class PosixHostInput : IHostInput
+{
+    private static volatile IPosixWindowInputSource? _source;
+
+    /// <summary>Called by the presenter's window layer when input is ready.</summary>
+    public static void SetSource(IPosixWindowInputSource source)
+    {
+        _source = source;
+    }
+
+    public void EnsureStarted()
+    {
+        // Device readers are event-driven off the window thread; nothing to start.
+    }
+
+    public int GetGamepadStates(Span<HostGamepadState> destination)
+    {
+        return _source?.GetGamepadStates(destination) ?? 0;
+    }
+
+    public string? DescribeConnectedGamepad() => _source?.DescribeConnectedGamepad();
+
+    public void SetRumble(byte largeMotor, byte smallMotor)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public void SetTriggerRumble(byte? leftTrigger, byte? rightTrigger)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public void SetLightbar(byte red, byte green, byte blue)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public void ResetLightbar()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public bool IsHostWindowFocused()
+    {
+        // GLFW only delivers key events to the focused window, so a
+        // delivering keyboard implies focus.
+        return _source?.HasKeyboardFocus ?? false;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsKeyDown(int virtualKey)
+    {
+        return _source?.IsKeyDown(virtualKey) ?? false;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixHostMemory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// POSIX virtual memory backend implemented over mmap/mprotect/munmap with a
+/// shadow region table that answers VirtualQuery-style questions and tracks
+/// page protections.
+/// POSIX anonymous mappings are demand-paged by the kernel, so Win32
+/// "reserve-only" regions are mapped as committed memory directly and
+/// commit requests become protection changes.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe class PosixHostMemory : IHostMemory
+{
+    private const uint MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;
+    private const uint MEM_RESERVE = 0x2000;
+    private const uint MEM_RELEASE = 0x8000;
+    private const uint MEM_FREE_STATE = 0x10000;
+    private const uint MEM_PRIVATE = 0x20000;
+
+    private const uint PAGE_NOACCESS = 0x01;
+    private const uint PAGE_READONLY = 0x02;
+    private const uint PAGE_READWRITE = 0x04;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE = 0x10;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READ = 0x20;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;
+
+    private const ulong PageSize = 0x1000;
+
+    private struct BasicInfo
+    {
+        public ulong BaseAddress;
+        public ulong AllocationBase;
+        public uint AllocationProtect;
+        public ulong RegionSize;
+        public uint State;
+        public uint Protect;
+        public uint Type;
+    }
+
+    public ulong Allocate(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return (ulong)Posix.Alloc(
+            (void*)desiredAddress,
+            (nuint)size,
+            MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection));
+    }
+
+    public ulong Reserve(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return (ulong)Posix.Alloc(
+            (void*)desiredAddress,
+            (nuint)size,
+            MEM_RESERVE,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection));
+    }
+
+    public bool Commit(ulong address, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return Posix.Alloc(
+            (void*)address,
+            (nuint)size,
+            MEM_COMMIT,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection)) != null;
+    }
+
+    public bool Free(ulong address)
+    {
+        return Posix.Free((void*)address, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+    }
+
+    public bool Protect(
+        ulong address,
+        ulong size,
+        HostPageProtection protection,
+        out uint rawOldProtection)
+    {
+        return Posix.Protect(
+            (void*)address,
+            (nuint)size,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection),
+            out rawOldProtection);
+    }
+
+    public bool ProtectRaw(
+        ulong address,
+        ulong size,
+        uint rawProtection,
+        out uint rawOldProtection)
+    {
+        return Posix.Protect(
+            (void*)address,
+            (nuint)size,
+            rawProtection,
+            out rawOldProtection);
+    }
+
+    public bool Query(ulong address, out HostRegionInfo info)
+    {
+        if (Posix.Query((void*)address, out var nativeInfo) == 0)
+        {
+            info = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        info = new HostRegionInfo(
+            nativeInfo.BaseAddress,
+            nativeInfo.AllocationBase,
+            nativeInfo.RegionSize,
+            nativeInfo.State switch
+            {
+                MEM_COMMIT => HostRegionState.Committed,
+                MEM_RESERVE => HostRegionState.Reserved,
+                _ => HostRegionState.Free,
+            },
+            nativeInfo.State,
+            ToHostProtection(nativeInfo.Protect),
+            nativeInfo.Protect,
+            nativeInfo.AllocationProtect);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void FlushInstructionCache(ulong address, ulong size)
+    {
+        _ = address;
+        _ = size;
+        // The supported POSIX process is x86-64 (including Rosetta 2), whose
+        // instruction cache is coherent. A future arm64 backend must call the
+        // platform instruction-cache invalidation API here.
+    }
+
+    private static uint ToNativeProtection(HostPageProtection protection) => protection switch
+    {
+        HostPageProtection.NoAccess => PAGE_NOACCESS,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadOnly => PAGE_READONLY,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadWrite => PAGE_READWRITE,
+        HostPageProtection.Execute => PAGE_EXECUTE,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadExecute => PAGE_EXECUTE_READ,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute => PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+        HostPageProtection.ExecuteWriteCopy => PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+        _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(protection), protection, null),
+    };
+
+    private static HostPageProtection ToHostProtection(uint protection) => protection switch
+    {
+        PAGE_READONLY => HostPageProtection.ReadOnly,
+        PAGE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWrite,
+        PAGE_EXECUTE => HostPageProtection.Execute,
+        PAGE_EXECUTE_READ => HostPageProtection.ReadExecute,
+        PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute,
+        _ => HostPageProtection.NoAccess,
+    };
+
+    private static class Posix
+    {
+        private const int PROT_NONE = 0x0;
+        private const int PROT_READ = 0x1;
+        private const int PROT_WRITE = 0x2;
+        private const int PROT_EXEC = 0x4;
+
+        private const int MAP_PRIVATE = 0x02;
+        private const int MAP_FIXED = 0x10;
+        private static readonly int MAP_ANON = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0x1000 : 0x20;
+        private static readonly int MAP_NORESERVE = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0 : 0x4000;
+
+        // Linux-only: fail instead of clobbering an existing mapping.
+        private const int MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE = 0x100000;
+
+        private static readonly nint MAP_FAILED = -1;
+
+        private static readonly object Gate = new();
+        private static readonly SortedList<ulong, Region> Regions = new();
+
+        private sealed class Region
+        {
+            public ulong Base;
+            public ulong Size;
+            public uint DefaultProtect;
+            public Dictionary<ulong, uint>? PageProtects;
+
+            public ulong End => Base + Size;
+
+            public uint ProtectAt(ulong pageAddress)
+            {
+                if (PageProtects is not null && PageProtects.TryGetValue(pageAddress, out var overriden))
+                {
+                    return overriden;
+                }
+
+                return DefaultProtect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void* Alloc(void* address, nuint size, uint allocationType, uint protect)
+        {
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var alignedSize = AlignUp((ulong)size, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (allocationType == MEM_COMMIT && address != null &&
+                    TryFindRegionLocked((ulong)address, out var existing))
+                {
+                    // Note: MEM_RESERVE requests that overlap an existing
+                    // region must fail like Win32 does; only a pure commit
+                    // may target pages inside a tracked mapping.
+                    // Commit inside an existing mapping: the pages are already
+                    // backed (demand paged), so only apply the protection.
+                    var start = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+                    var end = AlignUp((ulong)address + alignedSize, PageSize);
+                    if (end <= start || end > existing.End)
+                    {
+                        // Win32 fails a commit that runs past its reservation
+                        // instead of committing a prefix; committing partially
+                        // here would let callers believe the whole range is
+                        // usable.
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    if (mprotect((nint)start, (nuint)(end - start), ToPosixProtect(protect)) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    SetProtectRangeLocked(existing, start, end - start, protect);
+                    return address;
+                }
+
+                if ((allocationType & MEM_RESERVE) == 0)
+                {
+                    // MEM_COMMIT alone outside any known region is invalid here.
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                var posixProtect = ToPosixProtect(protect);
+                var flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON;
+                if ((allocationType & MEM_COMMIT) == 0)
+                {
+                    // Reserve-only: keep the requested protection so the region
+                    // is usable without a separate commit step, but tell the
+                    // kernel not to account swap for it where supported.
+                    flags |= MAP_NORESERVE;
+                }
+
+                nint result;
+                if (address != null)
+                {
+                    // Win32 maps at exactly the requested address or fails
+                    // without touching existing mappings. Fail up front on
+                    // any overlap we track, then place the mapping: Linux
+                    // gets MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE (fails cleanly on host
+                    // mappings too). Darwin lacks NOREPLACE and plain
+                    // MAP_FIXED would silently clobber untracked host
+                    // memory (dyld, the runtime's JIT heap, Rosetta), so
+                    // pass the address as a hint instead -- the kernel
+                    // honors it when the range is free and relocates the
+                    // mapping otherwise, which we treat as failure.
+                    if (OverlapsTrackedRegionLocked((ulong)address, alignedSize))
+                    {
+                        Trace($"exact overlap: addr=0x{(ulong)address:X16} size=0x{alignedSize:X}");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    var exactFlags = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? flags : flags | MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE;
+                    result = mmap((nint)address, (nuint)alignedSize, posixProtect, exactFlags, -1, 0);
+                    if (result == MAP_FAILED || (ulong)result != (ulong)address)
+                    {
+                        Trace($"exact mmap failed: addr=0x{(ulong)address:X16} got=0x{(ulong)result:X16} size=0x{alignedSize:X} errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+                        if (result != MAP_FAILED)
+                        {
+                            munmap(result, (nuint)alignedSize);
+                        }
+
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result = mmap(0, (nuint)alignedSize, posixProtect, flags, -1, 0);
+                    if (result == MAP_FAILED)
+                    {
+                        Trace($"mmap failed: size=0x{alignedSize:X} errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Regions[(ulong)result] = new Region
+                {
+                    Base = (ulong)result,
+                    Size = alignedSize,
+                    DefaultProtect = protect
+                };
+
+                return (void*)result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool Free(void* address, nuint size, uint freeType)
+        {
+            _ = size;
+            _ = freeType;
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (!Regions.TryGetValue((ulong)address, out var region))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                Regions.Remove((ulong)address);
+                return munmap((nint)address, (nuint)region.Size) == 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool Protect(void* address, nuint size, uint newProtect, out uint oldProtect)
+        {
+            oldProtect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var start = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+            var end = AlignUp((ulong)address + size, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (!TryFindRegionLocked(start, out var region) || end > region.End)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                oldProtect = region.ProtectAt(start);
+                if (mprotect((nint)start, (nuint)(end - start), ToPosixProtect(newProtect)) != 0)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                SetProtectRangeLocked(region, start, end - start, newProtect);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static nuint Query(void* address, out BasicInfo info)
+        {
+            info = default;
+            var pageAddress = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (TryFindRegionLocked(pageAddress, out var region))
+                {
+                    // Win32 VirtualQuery reports a run of pages sharing the
+                    // same protection, so stop the run where it changes.
+                    var protect = region.ProtectAt(pageAddress);
+                    var runEnd = pageAddress + PageSize;
+                    while (runEnd < region.End && region.ProtectAt(runEnd) == protect)
+                    {
+                        runEnd += PageSize;
+                    }
+
+                    info.BaseAddress = pageAddress;
+                    info.AllocationBase = region.Base;
+                    info.AllocationProtect = region.DefaultProtect;
+                    info.RegionSize = runEnd - pageAddress;
+                    info.State = MEM_COMMIT;
+                    info.Protect = protect;
+                    info.Type = MEM_PRIVATE;
+                    return (nuint)sizeof(BasicInfo);
+                }
+
+                // Untracked host memory (runtime heaps, stacks, libraries) is
+                // reported as a free block reaching to the next tracked region
+                // so scanning callers keep advancing.
+                var nextBase = ulong.MaxValue;
+                foreach (var regionBase in Regions.Keys)
+                {
+                    if (regionBase > pageAddress)
+                    {
+                        nextBase = regionBase;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                info.BaseAddress = pageAddress;
+                info.AllocationBase = 0;
+                info.AllocationProtect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+                info.RegionSize = (nextBase == ulong.MaxValue ? pageAddress + PageSize : nextBase) - pageAddress;
+                info.State = MEM_FREE_STATE;
+                info.Protect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+                info.Type = 0;
+                return (nuint)sizeof(BasicInfo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool OverlapsTrackedRegionLocked(ulong start, ulong size)
+        {
+            var end = start + size;
+            foreach (var region in Regions.Values)
+            {
+                if (region.Base < end && start < region.End)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static bool TryFindRegionLocked(ulong address, out Region region)
+        {
+            region = null!;
+            var keys = Regions.Keys;
+            var low = 0;
+            var high = keys.Count - 1;
+            Region? candidate = null;
+            while (low <= high)
+            {
+                var middle = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
+                var entry = Regions.Values[middle];
+                if (entry.Base <= address)
+                {
+                    candidate = entry;
+                    low = middle + 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    high = middle - 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (candidate is null || address >= candidate.End)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            region = candidate;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static void SetProtectRangeLocked(Region region, ulong start, ulong size, uint protect)
+        {
+            if (start == region.Base && size >= region.Size)
+            {
+                region.DefaultProtect = protect;
+                region.PageProtects = null;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            region.PageProtects ??= new Dictionary<ulong, uint>();
+            var end = start + size;
+            for (var pageAddress = start; pageAddress < end; pageAddress += PageSize)
+            {
+                if (protect == region.DefaultProtect)
+                {
+                    region.PageProtects.Remove(pageAddress);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    region.PageProtects[pageAddress] = protect;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static int ToPosixProtect(uint win32Protect)
+        {
+            return win32Protect switch
+            {
+                PAGE_NOACCESS => PROT_NONE,
+                PAGE_READONLY => PROT_READ,
+                PAGE_READWRITE => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE => PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READ => PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
+                _ => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE
+            };
+        }
+
+        private static void Trace(string message)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_VMEM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HOSTMEM] {message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static ulong AlignDown(ulong value, ulong alignment) => value & ~(alignment - 1);
+
+        private static ulong AlignUp(ulong value, ulong alignment) => checked((value + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1));
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern nint mmap(nint addr, nuint length, int prot, int flags, int fd, long offset);
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int munmap(nint addr, nuint length);
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int mprotect(nint addr, nuint length, int prot);
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixHostPlatform.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+internal sealed class PosixHostPlatform : IHostPlatform
+{
+    public IHostMemory Memory { get; } = new PosixHostMemory();
+
+    public IHostThreading Threading { get; } = new PosixHostThreading();
+
+    public IHostSymbolResolver Symbols { get; } = new PosixHostSymbolResolver();
+
+    public IHostAudioOutput Audio { get; } = new PosixHostAudio();
+
+    public IHostInput Input { get; } = new PosixHostInput();
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixHostStubs.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// POSIX replacements for the kernel32 helpers the native backend embeds in
+/// emitted x86-64 code. Every stub exposed here follows the Win64 calling
+/// convention the emitted call sites were written for (first argument in
+/// ECX, result in RAX, Win64 non-volatile registers preserved), so the
+/// emission code stays identical across platforms.
+/// </summary>
+internal static unsafe class PosixHostStubs
+{
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static bool _initialized;
+    private static nint _tlsGetValueStub;
+    private static nint _queryPerformanceCounterStub;
+    private static nint _switchToThreadStub;
+    private static nint _sleepStub;
+    private static nint _waitForSingleObjectStub;
+    private static nint _setEventStub;
+    private static nint _exitThreadStub;
+
+    public static nint TlsGetValueStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _tlsGetValueStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint QueryPerformanceCounterStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _queryPerformanceCounterStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SwitchToThreadStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _switchToThreadStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SleepStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _sleepStub; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Win64-convention replacements for the kernel32 event/thread helpers the
+    /// native guest worker loop embeds. The "handle" they take is a worker
+    /// event created by <see cref="CreateWorkerEvent"/>: a dispatch semaphore
+    /// on macOS, an unnamed POSIX semaphore on Linux. The wait stub always
+    /// waits forever (the worker loop passes INFINITE) and retries EINTR.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint WaitForSingleObjectStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _waitForSingleObjectStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SetEventStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _setEventStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint ExitThreadStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _exitThreadStub; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a binary-semaphore worker event signalable/waitable both from
+    /// managed code and from emitted native code (via the stub addresses
+    /// above). Returns 0 on failure.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint CreateWorkerEvent()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            return dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
+        }
+
+        var semaphore = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(64);
+        if (sem_init(semaphore, 0, 0) != 0)
+        {
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(semaphore);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return semaphore;
+    }
+
+    public static bool SignalWorkerEvent(nint handle)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            _ = dispatch_semaphore_signal(handle);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return sem_post(handle) == 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Waits for a worker event; a negative timeout waits forever.</summary>
+    public static bool WaitWorkerEvent(nint handle, int timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0)
+            {
+                return dispatch_semaphore_wait(handle, ulong.MaxValue) == 0;
+            }
+
+            var deadline = dispatch_time(0, timeoutMilliseconds * 1_000_000L);
+            return dispatch_semaphore_wait(handle, deadline) == 0;
+        }
+
+        if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0)
+        {
+            while (sem_wait(handle) != 0)
+            {
+                // EINTR: retry.
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var deadlineTicks = Environment.TickCount64 + timeoutMilliseconds;
+        while (sem_trywait(handle) != 0)
+        {
+            if (Environment.TickCount64 >= deadlineTicks)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static void DestroyWorkerEvent(nint handle)
+    {
+        if (handle == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            dispatch_release(handle);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _ = sem_destroy(handle);
+        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(handle);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Starts a raw pthread at a native entry point (pthread entries take their
+    /// argument in RDI; the worker loop stub ignores it). Returns an opaque
+    /// handle for <see cref="WaitForWorkerThreadExit"/>/<see cref="CloseWorkerThreadHandle"/>,
+    /// or 0 on failure.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint CreateWorkerThread(nint entry, nint parameter, nuint stackReserveBytes, out uint threadId)
+    {
+        threadId = 0;
+        byte* attr = stackalloc byte[512];
+        if (pthread_attr_init(attr) != 0)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (stackReserveBytes != 0)
+            {
+                _ = pthread_attr_setstacksize(attr, nuint.Max(stackReserveBytes, 512 * 1024));
+            }
+
+            nint thread;
+            if (pthread_create(&thread, attr, entry, parameter) != 0)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+            {
+                ulong numericId;
+                if (pthread_threadid_np(thread, &numericId) == 0)
+                {
+                    threadId = unchecked((uint)numericId);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                threadId = unchecked((uint)thread);
+            }
+
+            var holder = (nint*)Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sizeof(nint) * 2);
+            holder[0] = thread;
+            holder[1] = 0; // joined flag
+            return (nint)holder;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _ = pthread_attr_destroy(attr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Waits for a worker thread to exit. Liveness is probed with
+    /// pthread_kill(thread, 0) (ESRCH once the thread has terminated) because
+    /// neither platform offers a portable timed join; the exited thread is then
+    /// joined so its resources are reclaimed.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool WaitForWorkerThreadExit(nint threadHandle, uint timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        var holder = (nint*)threadHandle;
+        if (holder == null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (holder[1] != 0)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var thread = holder[0];
+        var deadline = Environment.TickCount64 + timeoutMilliseconds;
+        while (pthread_kill(thread, 0) == 0)
+        {
+            if (Environment.TickCount64 >= deadline)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
+        }
+
+        _ = pthread_join(thread, null);
+        holder[1] = 1;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static void CloseWorkerThreadHandle(nint threadHandle)
+    {
+        var holder = (nint*)threadHandle;
+        if (holder == null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (holder[1] == 0)
+        {
+            // Never observed exiting: detach so the thread does not leak a
+            // zombie join target when it eventually terminates.
+            _ = pthread_detach(holder[0]);
+        }
+
+        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(threadHandle);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Allocates a pthread TLS key, mirroring kernel32!TlsAlloc.</summary>
+    public static uint TlsAlloc()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            nuint key;
+            return pthread_key_create_mac(&key, 0) == 0 ? (uint)key : uint.MaxValue;
+        }
+
+        uint key32;
+        return pthread_key_create_linux(&key32, 0) == 0 ? key32 : uint.MaxValue;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TlsFree(uint key)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_key_delete_mac((nuint)key) == 0
+            : pthread_key_delete_linux(key) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TlsSetValue(uint key, nint value)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_setspecific_mac((nuint)key, value) == 0
+            : pthread_setspecific_linux(key, value) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static nint TlsGetValue(uint key)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_getspecific_mac((nuint)key)
+            : pthread_getspecific_linux(key);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Stable numeric id of the calling thread (kernel32!GetCurrentThreadId).</summary>
+    public static uint GetCurrentThreadId()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            ulong tid;
+            return pthread_threadid_np(0, &tid) == 0 ? unchecked((uint)tid) : 0u;
+        }
+
+        return unchecked((uint)gettid());
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Wraps a managed callback (compiled for the SysV ABI on POSIX .NET) in a
+    /// thunk that accepts up to four integer arguments in the Win64 ABI the
+    /// emitted x86-64 call sites use. Win64 passes args in rcx/rdx/r8/r9 and
+    /// treats rdi/rsi as non-volatile; SysV expects rdi/rsi/rdx/rcx and
+    /// clobbers them, so the thunk saves rdi/rsi, shuffles the registers, keeps
+    /// the stack 16-byte aligned for the call, and forwards the rax result.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint CreateWin64ToSysVThunk(nint sysvTarget)
+    {
+        var memory = HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+        var page = (byte*)memory.Allocate(
+            0,
+            4096,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+        if (page == null)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("Failed to allocate Win64->SysV thunk page");
+        }
+
+        var offset = 0;
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                   // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                   // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xCF);       // mov rdi, rcx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xD6);       // mov rsi, rdx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x4C, 0x89, 0xC2);       // mov rdx, r8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x4C, 0x89, 0xC9);       // mov rcx, r9
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08); // sub rsp, 8 (realign to 16)
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, sysvTarget);  // mov rax, target
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);             // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08); // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                   // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                   // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                   // ret
+
+        if (!memory.Protect((ulong)page, 4096, HostPageProtection.ReadExecute, out _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to protect Win64->SysV thunk page");
+        }
+
+        memory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)page, (ulong)offset);
+        return (nint)page;
+    }
+
+    private static void EnsureInitialized()
+    {
+        if (_initialized)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            if (_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BuildStubs();
+            _initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void BuildStubs()
+    {
+        var memory = HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+        var page = (byte*)memory.Allocate(
+            0,
+            4096,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+        if (page == null)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("Failed to allocate POSIX host helper stub page");
+        }
+
+        var offset = 0;
+        _tlsGetValueStub = EmitTlsGetValue(page, ref offset);
+        _queryPerformanceCounterStub = EmitQueryPerformanceCounter(page, ref offset);
+        _switchToThreadStub = EmitSwitchToThread(page, ref offset);
+        _sleepStub = EmitSleep(page, ref offset);
+        _waitForSingleObjectStub = EmitWaitForSingleObject(page, ref offset);
+        _setEventStub = EmitSetEvent(page, ref offset);
+        _exitThreadStub = EmitExitThread(page, ref offset);
+
+        if (!memory.Protect((ulong)page, 4096, HostPageProtection.ReadExecute, out _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to protect POSIX host helper stub page");
+        }
+
+        memory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)page, (ulong)offset);
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitTlsGetValue(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            // On macOS x86-64 pthread keys index the gs-based thread specific
+            // data array directly, so TlsGetValue(index in ecx) collapses to a
+            // single load that clobbers nothing but RAX.
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xC8);                                     // mov eax, ecx
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x65, 0x48, 0x8B, 0x04, 0xC5, 0, 0, 0, 0);       // mov rax, gs:[rax*8]
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                           // ret
+            return start;
+        }
+
+        // Linux: call pthread_getspecific, preserving the registers that are
+        // volatile in SysV but non-volatile in Win64 (rsi, rdi).
+        var pthreadGetSpecific = ResolveLibcExport("pthread_getspecific");
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xCF);                                         // mov edi, ecx
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, pthreadGetSpecific);                      // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitQueryPerformanceCounter(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // BOOL QueryPerformanceCounter(LARGE_INTEGER* out in rcx): the emitted
+        // consumers only need a monotonically increasing counter, which rdtsc
+        // provides without leaving Win64-safe registers.
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x0F, 0x31);                                         // rdtsc
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xC1, 0xE2, 0x20);                             // shl rdx, 32
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x09, 0xD0);                                   // or rax, rdx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0x01);                                   // mov [rcx], rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSwitchToThread(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        var schedYield = ResolveLibcExport("sched_yield");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, schedYield);                              // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSleep(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // void Sleep(DWORD milliseconds in ecx) -> usleep(microseconds in edi).
+        var usleep = ResolveLibcExport("usleep");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xCF);                                         // mov edi, ecx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x81, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00);                 // cmp edi, 0xFFF
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x76, 0x05);                                         // jbe +5
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov edi, 0xFFF (cap at ~4s)
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xE8, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00);                 // imul edi, edi, 1000
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, usleep);                                  // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitWaitForSingleObject(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // DWORD WaitForSingleObject(worker event in rcx, timeout in edx): the
+        // worker loop only ever waits forever, so the timeout is ignored.
+        // macOS waits on a dispatch semaphore (needs DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER in
+        // rsi), Linux on a sem_t; both retry until the wait succeeds (EINTR).
+        var wait = ResolveLibcExport(
+            OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "dispatch_semaphore_wait" : "sem_wait");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                           // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                           // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x53);                                           // push rbx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xCB);                               // mov rbx, rcx
+        var retry = offset;
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xDF);                               // mov rdi, rbx
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xC7, 0xC6, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);   // mov rsi, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER
+        }
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, wait);                                // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                     // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x85, 0xC0);                                     // test eax, eax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x75, unchecked((byte)(retry - (offset + 2))));  // jnz retry
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x31, 0xC0);                                     // xor eax, eax (WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5B);                                           // pop rbx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                           // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                           // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                           // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSetEvent(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // BOOL SetEvent(worker event in rcx) -> dispatch_semaphore_signal /
+        // sem_post.
+        var signal = ResolveLibcExport(
+            OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "dispatch_semaphore_signal" : "sem_post");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                           // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                           // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                         // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xCF);                               // mov rdi, rcx
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, signal);                              // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                     // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                         // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                           // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                           // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                   // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                           // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitExitThread(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // void ExitThread(code in ecx) -> pthread_exit(NULL); never returns,
+        // so no registers need preserving. pthread_exit runs the thread's TSD
+        // destructors, which detaches the CLR if the thread lazily attached.
+        var pthreadExit = ResolveLibcExport("pthread_exit");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                         // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x31, 0xFF);                                     // xor edi, edi
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, pthreadExit);                         // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                     // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xCC);                                           // int3 (never returns)
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint ResolveLibcExport(string name)
+    {
+        var libc = NativeLibrary.Load(OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "libSystem.dylib" : "libc.so.6");
+        return NativeLibrary.GetExport(libc, name);
+    }
+
+    private static void Emit(byte* page, ref int offset, params byte[] bytes)
+    {
+        foreach (var value in bytes)
+        {
+            page[offset++] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void EmitMovRaxImm64(byte* page, ref int offset, nint value)
+    {
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xB8);
+        *(long*)(page + offset) = value;
+        offset += sizeof(long);
+    }
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_create", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_create_mac(nuint* key, nint destructor);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_create", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_create_linux(uint* key, nint destructor);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_delete")]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_delete_mac(nuint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_delete")]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_delete_linux(uint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_setspecific")]
+    private static extern int pthread_setspecific_mac(nuint key, nint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_setspecific")]
+    private static extern int pthread_setspecific_linux(uint key, nint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_getspecific")]
+    private static extern nint pthread_getspecific_mac(nuint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_getspecific")]
+    private static extern nint pthread_getspecific_linux(uint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_threadid_np(nint thread, ulong* threadId);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int gettid();
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_attr_init(byte* attr);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_attr_destroy(byte* attr);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_attr_setstacksize(byte* attr, nuint stackSize);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_create(nint* thread, byte* attr, nint startRoutine, nint arg);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_join(nint thread, nint* returnValue);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_detach(nint thread);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_kill(nint thread, int signal);
+
+    // macOS: dispatch semaphores back the worker events (unnamed sem_init is
+    // unsupported on Darwin). libSystem reexports libdispatch, so "libc"
+    // resolves these like the pthread imports above.
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_create(long value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_signal(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_wait(nint semaphore, ulong timeout);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern ulong dispatch_time(ulong when, long deltaNanoseconds);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern void dispatch_release(nint handle);
+
+    // Linux: unnamed POSIX semaphores.
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_init(nint semaphore, int shared, uint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_post(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_wait(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_trywait(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_destroy(nint semaphore);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixHostSymbolResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+internal sealed class PosixHostSymbolResolver : IHostSymbolResolver
+{
+    public nint GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction function) => function switch
+    {
+        HostRuntimeFunction.TlsGetValue => PosixHostStubs.TlsGetValueStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.QueryPerformanceCounter => PosixHostStubs.QueryPerformanceCounterStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.SwitchToThread => PosixHostStubs.SwitchToThreadStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.Sleep => PosixHostStubs.SleepStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.WaitForSingleObject => PosixHostStubs.WaitForSingleObjectStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.SetEvent => PosixHostStubs.SetEventStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.ExitThread => PosixHostStubs.ExitThreadStubAddress,
+        _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(function), function, null),
+    };
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Posix/PosixHostThreading.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+internal sealed class PosixHostThreading : IHostThreading
+{
+    public uint AllocateTlsSlot() => PosixHostStubs.TlsAlloc();
+
+    public bool FreeTlsSlot(uint slot) => PosixHostStubs.TlsFree(slot);
+
+    public bool SetTlsValue(uint slot, nint value) => PosixHostStubs.TlsSetValue(slot, value);
+
+    public nint GetTlsValue(uint slot) => PosixHostStubs.TlsGetValue(slot);
+
+    public uint CurrentThreadId => PosixHostStubs.GetCurrentThreadId();
+
+    public void RequestTimerResolution()
+    {
+        // POSIX sleep primitives are already high-resolution; there is no
+        // timeBeginPeriod equivalent to request.
+    }
+
+    // Thread affinity is advisory on POSIX hosts (macOS offers no
+    // pthread-level affinity API); callers treat false as "not applied".
+    public bool TrySetCurrentThreadAffinity(nuint affinityMask)
+    {
+        _ = affinityMask;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public nint CreateNativeThread(
+        nint entry,
+        nint parameter,
+        nuint stackReserveBytes,
+        out uint threadId)
+    {
+        return PosixHostStubs.CreateWorkerThread(entry, parameter, stackReserveBytes, out threadId);
+    }
+
+    public bool WaitForThreadExit(nint threadHandle, uint timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        return PosixHostStubs.WaitForWorkerThreadExit(threadHandle, timeoutMilliseconds);
+    }
+
+    public void CloseThreadHandle(nint threadHandle)
+    {
+        PosixHostStubs.CloseWorkerThreadHandle(threadHandle);
+    }
+
+    public bool TryCaptureThreadRegisters(uint threadId, out HostCapturedRegisters registers)
+    {
+        _ = threadId;
+        registers = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsDualSenseReader.cs

@@ -3,21 +3,21 @@
 
 using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
 
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Pad;
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Reads a DualSense controller over raw HID on a background thread.
 /// Supports USB (input report 0x01) and Bluetooth (extended report 0x31,
 /// activated by requesting feature report 0x05), with hot-plug retry.
 /// </summary>
-internal static class DualSenseReader
+internal static class WindowsDualSenseReader
 {
     private const ushort SonyVendorId = 0x054C;
     private const ushort DualSenseProductId = 0x0CE6;
     private const ushort DualSenseEdgeProductId = 0x0DF2;
 
     private static readonly object Gate = new();
-    private static PadState _state;
+    private static HostGamepadState _state;
     private static bool _started;
 
     // Output (rumble/lightbar) state, all guarded by Gate.
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
     /// <summary>Starts the background reader once; safe to call repeatedly.</summary>
     internal static void EnsureStarted()
     {
+        // The GUI source-links this reader and calls it directly, without the
+        // host-platform resolution that otherwise guarantees Windows.
         if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
         {
             return;
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
         }
     }
 
-    internal static bool TryGetState(out PadState state)
+    internal static bool TryGetState(out HostGamepadState state)
     {
         lock (Gate)
         {
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
         return state.Connected;
     }
 
-    private static void SetState(in PadState state)
+    private static void SetState(in HostGamepadState state)
     {
         lock (Gate)
         {
@@ -148,11 +150,11 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
         {
             if (_outputStream is null)
             {
-                var handle = HidNative.CreateFile(
+                var handle = WindowsHidNative.CreateFile(
                     _devicePath,
-                    HidNative.GenericRead | HidNative.GenericWrite,
-                    HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite,
-                    0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
+                    WindowsHidNative.GenericRead | WindowsHidNative.GenericWrite,
+                    WindowsHidNative.FileShareRead | WindowsHidNative.FileShareWrite,
+                    0, WindowsHidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
                 if (handle.IsInvalid)
                 {
                     handle.Dispose();
@@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
                 // to the full 0x31 input report. Harmless over USB.
                 var feature = new byte[41];
                 feature[0] = 0x05;
-                _ = HidNative.HidD_GetFeature(handle, feature, feature.Length);
+                _ = WindowsHidNative.HidD_GetFeature(handle, feature, feature.Length);
 
                 if (!announcedConnect)
                 {
@@ -320,18 +322,18 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
     private static SafeFileHandle? OpenDualSense(out string? devicePath)
     {
         devicePath = null;
-        foreach (var path in HidNative.EnumerateHidDevicePaths())
+        foreach (var path in WindowsHidNative.EnumerateHidDevicePaths())
         {
             // Open without access rights just to query VID/PID.
-            using var probe = HidNative.CreateFile(
-                path, 0, HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite, 0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
+            using var probe = WindowsHidNative.CreateFile(
+                path, 0, WindowsHidNative.FileShareRead | WindowsHidNative.FileShareWrite, 0, WindowsHidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
             if (probe.IsInvalid)
             {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            var attributes = new HidNative.HiddAttributes { Size = 12 };
-            if (!HidNative.HidD_GetAttributes(probe, ref attributes) ||
+            var attributes = new WindowsHidNative.HiddAttributes { Size = 12 };
+            if (!WindowsHidNative.HidD_GetAttributes(probe, ref attributes) ||
                 attributes.VendorId != SonyVendorId ||
                 (attributes.ProductId != DualSenseProductId && attributes.ProductId != DualSenseEdgeProductId))
             {
@@ -339,19 +341,19 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
             }
 
             // Read+write so feature reports work; fall back to read-only.
-            var handle = HidNative.CreateFile(
+            var handle = WindowsHidNative.CreateFile(
                 path,
-                HidNative.GenericRead | HidNative.GenericWrite,
-                HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite,
-                0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
+                WindowsHidNative.GenericRead | WindowsHidNative.GenericWrite,
+                WindowsHidNative.FileShareRead | WindowsHidNative.FileShareWrite,
+                0, WindowsHidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
             if (handle.IsInvalid)
             {
                 handle.Dispose();
-                handle = HidNative.CreateFile(
+                handle = WindowsHidNative.CreateFile(
                     path,
-                    HidNative.GenericRead,
-                    HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite,
-                    0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
+                    WindowsHidNative.GenericRead,
+                    WindowsHidNative.FileShareRead | WindowsHidNative.FileShareWrite,
+                    0, WindowsHidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
             }
 
             if (!handle.IsInvalid)
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
         return null;
     }
 
-    private static bool TryParseReport(ReadOnlySpan<byte> report, out PadState state)
+    private static bool TryParseReport(ReadOnlySpan<byte> report, out HostGamepadState state)
     {
         // USB: report id 0x01, payload starts at [1].
         // Bluetooth extended: report id 0x31, sequence byte at [1], payload at [2].
@@ -395,43 +397,43 @@ internal static class DualSenseReader
         var buttons1 = report[offset + 8];
         var buttons2 = report[offset + 9];
 
-        uint buttons = 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x10) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Square : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x20) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Cross : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x40) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Circle : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x80) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Triangle : 0;
+        var buttons = HostGamepadButtons.None;
+        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x10) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Square : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x20) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Cross : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x40) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Circle : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x80) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Triangle : 0;
         buttons |= HatToButtons(buttons0 & 0x0F);
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x01) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.L1 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x02) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.R1 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x04) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.L2 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x08) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.R2 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x20) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Options : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x40) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.L3 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x80) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.R3 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons2 & 0x02) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.TouchPad : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x01) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.L1 : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x02) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.R1 : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x04) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.L2 : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x08) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.R2 : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x20) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Options : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x40) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.L3 : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x80) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.R3 : 0;
+        buttons |= (buttons2 & 0x02) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.TouchPad : 0;
 
-        state = new PadState(
+        state = new HostGamepadState(
             Connected: true,
             Buttons: buttons,
             LeftX: leftX,
             LeftY: leftY,
             RightX: rightX,
             RightY: rightY,
-            L2: l2,
-            R2: r2);
+            LeftTrigger: l2,
+            RightTrigger: r2);
         return true;
     }
 
-    private static uint HatToButtons(int hat) => hat switch
+    private static HostGamepadButtons HatToButtons(int hat) => hat switch
     {
-        0 => OrbisPadButton.Up,
-        1 => OrbisPadButton.Up | OrbisPadButton.Right,
-        2 => OrbisPadButton.Right,
-        3 => OrbisPadButton.Right | OrbisPadButton.Down,
-        4 => OrbisPadButton.Down,
-        5 => OrbisPadButton.Down | OrbisPadButton.Left,
-        6 => OrbisPadButton.Left,
-        7 => OrbisPadButton.Left | OrbisPadButton.Up,
+        0 => HostGamepadButtons.Up,
+        1 => HostGamepadButtons.Up | HostGamepadButtons.Right,
+        2 => HostGamepadButtons.Right,
+        3 => HostGamepadButtons.Right | HostGamepadButtons.Down,
+        4 => HostGamepadButtons.Down,
+        5 => HostGamepadButtons.Down | HostGamepadButtons.Left,
+        6 => HostGamepadButtons.Left,
+        7 => HostGamepadButtons.Left | HostGamepadButtons.Up,
         _ => 0,
     };
 }

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsHidNative.cs

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
 
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Pad;
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Minimal Win32 HID interop used to talk to a DualSense controller
 /// directly, without any external input library.
 /// </summary>
-internal static partial class HidNative
+internal static partial class WindowsHidNative
 {
     internal const int DigcfPresent = 0x02;
     internal const int DigcfDeviceInterface = 0x10;
@@ -38,28 +38,32 @@ internal static partial class HidNative
         public ushort VersionNumber;
     }
 
-    [DllImport("hid.dll")]
-    internal static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(out Guid hidGuid);
+    [LibraryImport("hid.dll")]
+    internal static partial void HidD_GetHidGuid(out Guid hidGuid);
 
-    [DllImport("hid.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool HidD_GetAttributes(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, ref HiddAttributes attributes);
+    [LibraryImport("hid.dll")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    internal static partial bool HidD_GetAttributes(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, ref HiddAttributes attributes);
 
-    [DllImport("hid.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool HidD_GetFeature(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, byte[] reportBuffer, int reportBufferLength);
+    [LibraryImport("hid.dll")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    internal static partial bool HidD_GetFeature(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, [In, Out] byte[] reportBuffer, int reportBufferLength);
 
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    internal static extern nint SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid classGuid, nint enumerator, nint hwndParent, int flags);
+    [LibraryImport("setupapi.dll", EntryPoint = "SetupDiGetClassDevsW")]
+    internal static partial nint SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid classGuid, nint enumerator, nint hwndParent, int flags);
 
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(
+    [LibraryImport("setupapi.dll")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    internal static partial bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(
         nint deviceInfoSet,
         nint deviceInfoData,
         ref Guid interfaceClassGuid,
         int memberIndex,
         ref SpDeviceInterfaceData deviceInterfaceData);
 
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    internal static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
+    [LibraryImport("setupapi.dll", EntryPoint = "SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    internal static partial bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
         nint deviceInfoSet,
         ref SpDeviceInterfaceData deviceInterfaceData,
         nint deviceInterfaceDetailData,
@@ -67,11 +71,12 @@ internal static partial class HidNative
         out int requiredSize,
         nint deviceInfoData);
 
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(nint deviceInfoSet);
+    [LibraryImport("setupapi.dll")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    internal static partial bool SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(nint deviceInfoSet);
 
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
-    internal static extern SafeFileHandle CreateFile(
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateFileW", SetLastError = true, StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf16)]
+    internal static partial SafeFileHandle CreateFile(
         string fileName,
         uint desiredAccess,
         uint shareMode,

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsHostInput.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Windows input backend: DualSense over raw HID plus XInput controllers for gamepads,
+/// user32 for the keyboard-fallback queries. Rumble fans out to every reader; lightbar
+/// only exists on the DualSense.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed partial class WindowsHostInput : IHostInput
+{
+    public void EnsureStarted()
+    {
+        WindowsDualSenseReader.EnsureStarted();
+        WindowsXInputReader.EnsureStarted();
+    }
+
+    public int GetGamepadStates(Span<HostGamepadState> destination)
+    {
+        var count = 0;
+        if (count < destination.Length && WindowsDualSenseReader.TryGetState(out var dualSense))
+        {
+            destination[count++] = dualSense;
+        }
+
+        if (count < destination.Length && WindowsXInputReader.TryGetState(out var xinput))
+        {
+            destination[count++] = xinput;
+        }
+
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    public string? DescribeConnectedGamepad()
+    {
+        if (WindowsDualSenseReader.TryGetState(out _))
+        {
+            return "DualSense";
+        }
+
+        return WindowsXInputReader.TryGetState(out _) ? "Xbox controller" : null;
+    }
+
+    public void SetRumble(byte largeMotor, byte smallMotor)
+    {
+        WindowsDualSenseReader.SetRumble(largeMotor, smallMotor);
+        WindowsXInputReader.SetRumble(largeMotor, smallMotor);
+    }
+
+    public void SetTriggerRumble(byte? leftTrigger, byte? rightTrigger) =>
+        WindowsXInputReader.SetTriggerRumble(leftTrigger, rightTrigger);
+
+    public void SetLightbar(byte red, byte green, byte blue) =>
+        WindowsDualSenseReader.SetLightbar(red, green, blue);
+
+    public void ResetLightbar() => WindowsDualSenseReader.ResetLightbar();
+
+    public bool IsHostWindowFocused()
+    {
+        var foregroundWindow = GetForegroundWindow();
+        if (foregroundWindow == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        GetWindowThreadProcessId(foregroundWindow, out var processId);
+        return processId == (uint)Environment.ProcessId;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsKeyDown(int virtualKey) =>
+        (GetAsyncKeyState(virtualKey) & 0x8000) != 0;
+
+    [LibraryImport("user32.dll")]
+    private static partial short GetAsyncKeyState(int vKey);
+
+    [LibraryImport("user32.dll")]
+    private static partial nint GetForegroundWindow();
+
+    [LibraryImport("user32.dll")]
+    private static partial uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(nint hWnd, out uint processId);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsHostMemory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Windows implementation over VirtualAlloc/VirtualFree/VirtualProtect/VirtualQuery.
+/// Sealed so the JIT can devirtualize interface calls on fault-handling hot paths.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe partial class WindowsHostMemory : IHostMemory
+{
+    private const uint MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;
+    private const uint MEM_RESERVE = 0x2000;
+    private const uint MEM_RELEASE = 0x8000;
+    private const uint MEM_FREE = 0x10000;
+
+    private const uint PAGE_NOACCESS = 0x01;
+    private const uint PAGE_READONLY = 0x02;
+    private const uint PAGE_READWRITE = 0x04;
+    private const uint PAGE_WRITECOPY = 0x08;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE = 0x10;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READ = 0x20;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY = 0x80;
+
+    public ulong Allocate(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return (ulong)VirtualAlloc((void*)desiredAddress, (nuint)size, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, ToNativeProtection(protection));
+    }
+
+    public ulong Reserve(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return (ulong)VirtualAlloc((void*)desiredAddress, (nuint)size, MEM_RESERVE, ToNativeProtection(protection));
+    }
+
+    public bool Commit(ulong address, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return VirtualAlloc((void*)address, (nuint)size, MEM_COMMIT, ToNativeProtection(protection)) != null;
+    }
+
+    public bool Free(ulong address)
+    {
+        return VirtualFree((void*)address, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+    }
+
+    public bool Protect(ulong address, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection, out uint rawOldProtection)
+    {
+        return VirtualProtect((void*)address, (nuint)size, ToNativeProtection(protection), out rawOldProtection);
+    }
+
+    public bool ProtectRaw(ulong address, ulong size, uint rawProtection, out uint rawOldProtection)
+    {
+        return VirtualProtect((void*)address, (nuint)size, rawProtection, out rawOldProtection);
+    }
+
+    public bool Query(ulong address, out HostRegionInfo info)
+    {
+        if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MemoryBasicInformation64)) == 0)
+        {
+            info = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        info = new HostRegionInfo(
+            mbi.BaseAddress,
+            mbi.AllocationBase,
+            mbi.RegionSize,
+            ToRegionState(mbi.State),
+            mbi.State,
+            ToHostProtection(mbi.Protect),
+            mbi.Protect,
+            mbi.AllocationProtect);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void FlushInstructionCache(ulong address, ulong size)
+    {
+        FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), (void*)address, (nuint)size);
+    }
+
+    private static uint ToNativeProtection(HostPageProtection protection) => protection switch
+    {
+        HostPageProtection.NoAccess => PAGE_NOACCESS,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadOnly => PAGE_READONLY,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadWrite => PAGE_READWRITE,
+        HostPageProtection.Execute => PAGE_EXECUTE,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadExecute => PAGE_EXECUTE_READ,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute => PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+        HostPageProtection.ExecuteWriteCopy => PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY,
+        _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(protection), protection, null),
+    };
+
+    private static HostRegionState ToRegionState(uint state) => state switch
+    {
+        MEM_COMMIT => HostRegionState.Committed,
+        MEM_RESERVE => HostRegionState.Reserved,
+        MEM_FREE => HostRegionState.Free,
+        _ => HostRegionState.Free,
+    };
+
+    private static HostPageProtection ToHostProtection(uint rawProtection)
+    {
+        // Strip PAGE_GUARD/PAGE_NOCACHE/PAGE_WRITECOMBINE modifiers; callers needing
+        // them compare HostRegionInfo.RawProtection directly.
+        return (rawProtection & 0xFF) switch
+        {
+            PAGE_READONLY => HostPageProtection.ReadOnly,
+            PAGE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWrite,
+            PAGE_WRITECOPY => HostPageProtection.ReadWrite,
+            PAGE_EXECUTE => HostPageProtection.Execute,
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_READ => HostPageProtection.ReadExecute,
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute,
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY => HostPageProtection.ExecuteWriteCopy,
+            _ => HostPageProtection.NoAccess,
+        };
+    }
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static partial void* VirtualAlloc(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static partial bool VirtualFree(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint dwFreeType);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static partial bool VirtualProtect(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint flNewProtect, out uint lpflOldProtect);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial nuint VirtualQuery(void* lpAddress, out MemoryBasicInformation64 lpBuffer, nuint dwLength);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial void* GetCurrentProcess();
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static partial bool FlushInstructionCache(void* hProcess, void* lpBaseAddress, nuint dwSize);
+
+    private struct MemoryBasicInformation64
+    {
+        public ulong BaseAddress;
+        public ulong AllocationBase;
+        public uint AllocationProtect;
+        public uint Alignment1;
+        public ulong RegionSize;
+        public uint State;
+        public uint Protect;
+        public uint Type;
+        public uint Alignment2;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsHostPlatform.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
+
+internal sealed class WindowsHostPlatform : IHostPlatform
+{
+    public IHostMemory Memory { get; } = new WindowsHostMemory();
+
+    public IHostThreading Threading { get; } = new WindowsHostThreading();
+
+    public IHostSymbolResolver Symbols { get; } = new WindowsHostSymbolResolver();
+
+    public IHostAudioOutput Audio { get; } = new WindowsWaveOutAudio();
+
+    public IHostInput Input { get; } = new WindowsHostInput();
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsHostSymbolResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
+
+internal sealed partial class WindowsHostSymbolResolver : IHostSymbolResolver
+{
+    public nint GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction function)
+    {
+        var kernel32 = GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll");
+        if (kernel32 == 0)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return GetProcAddress(kernel32, function switch
+        {
+            HostRuntimeFunction.TlsGetValue => "TlsGetValue",
+            HostRuntimeFunction.QueryPerformanceCounter => "QueryPerformanceCounter",
+            HostRuntimeFunction.SwitchToThread => "SwitchToThread",
+            HostRuntimeFunction.Sleep => "Sleep",
+            HostRuntimeFunction.WaitForSingleObject => "WaitForSingleObject",
+            HostRuntimeFunction.SetEvent => "SetEvent",
+            HostRuntimeFunction.ExitThread => "ExitThread",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(function), function, null),
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Utf16 marshalling pins the managed string and passes its address directly
+    // (no copy); Utf8 stack-allocates the transient buffer for these short
+    // ASCII export names. LibraryImport is exact-spelling, hence the W entry point.
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetModuleHandleW", StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf16)]
+    private static partial nint GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf8)]
+    private static partial nint GetProcAddress(nint hModule, string procName);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsHostThreading.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
+
+internal sealed unsafe partial class WindowsHostThreading : IHostThreading
+{
+    private const uint StackSizeParamIsAReservation = 0x00010000u;
+    private const uint ThreadGetContext = 0x0008u;
+    private const uint ThreadSuspendResume = 0x0002u;
+
+    // Win64 CONTEXT layout (CONTROL | INTEGER only — no XMM state is requested).
+    private const int Win64ContextSize = 0x4D0;
+    private const int Win64ContextFlagsOffset = 0x30;
+    private const uint ContextAmd64ControlInteger = 0x00100003u;
+    private const int CtxRax = 120;
+    private const int CtxRcx = 128;
+    private const int CtxRdx = 136;
+    private const int CtxRbx = 144;
+    private const int CtxRsp = 152;
+    private const int CtxRbp = 160;
+    private const int CtxRip = 248;
+
+    private static int _timerResolutionRequested;
+
+    public void RequestTimerResolution()
+    {
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _timerResolutionRequested, 1) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (TimeBeginPeriod(1) != 0)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] Host timer resolution request rejected; " +
+                    "timed waits keep the default ~15.6 ms granularity.");
+            }
+        }
+        catch (DllNotFoundException exception)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][WARN] Host timer resolution unavailable: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public uint AllocateTlsSlot() => TlsAlloc();
+
+    public bool FreeTlsSlot(uint slot) => TlsFree(slot);
+
+    public bool SetTlsValue(uint slot, nint value) => TlsSetValue(slot, value);
+
+    public nint GetTlsValue(uint slot) => TlsGetValue(slot);
+
+    public uint CurrentThreadId => GetCurrentThreadId();
+
+    public bool TrySetCurrentThreadAffinity(nuint affinityMask)
+    {
+        return SetThreadAffinityMask(GetCurrentThread(), affinityMask) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public nint CreateNativeThread(nint entry, nint parameter, nuint stackReserveBytes, out uint threadId)
+    {
+        return CreateThread(0, stackReserveBytes, entry, parameter, StackSizeParamIsAReservation, out threadId);
+    }
+
+    public bool WaitForThreadExit(nint threadHandle, uint timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        return WaitForSingleObject(threadHandle, timeoutMilliseconds) == 0u;
+    }
+
+    public void CloseThreadHandle(nint threadHandle)
+    {
+        _ = CloseHandle(threadHandle);
+    }
+
+    public bool TryCaptureThreadRegisters(uint threadId, out HostCapturedRegisters registers)
+    {
+        registers = default;
+        var threadHandle = OpenThread(ThreadGetContext | ThreadSuspendResume, false, threadId);
+        if (threadHandle == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        void* contextRecord = null;
+        var suspended = false;
+        try
+        {
+            if (SuspendThread(threadHandle) == uint.MaxValue)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            suspended = true;
+            // CONTEXT requires 16-byte alignment (it embeds M128A fields);
+            // NativeMemory.AllocZeroed guarantees max_align_t, stackalloc only
+            // pointer-size — so this stays a native allocation.
+            contextRecord = NativeMemory.AllocZeroed((nuint)Win64ContextSize);
+            *(uint*)((byte*)contextRecord + Win64ContextFlagsOffset) = ContextAmd64ControlInteger;
+            if (!GetThreadContext(threadHandle, contextRecord))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            registers = new HostCapturedRegisters(
+                ReadU64(contextRecord, CtxRip),
+                ReadU64(contextRecord, CtxRsp),
+                ReadU64(contextRecord, CtxRbp),
+                ReadU64(contextRecord, CtxRax),
+                ReadU64(contextRecord, CtxRbx),
+                ReadU64(contextRecord, CtxRcx),
+                ReadU64(contextRecord, CtxRdx));
+            return true;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (contextRecord != null)
+            {
+                NativeMemory.Free(contextRecord);
+            }
+            if (suspended)
+            {
+                _ = ResumeThread(threadHandle);
+            }
+            _ = CloseHandle(threadHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static ulong ReadU64(void* contextRecord, int offset)
+    {
+        return *(ulong*)((byte*)contextRecord + offset);
+    }
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial uint TlsAlloc();
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static partial bool TlsFree(uint dwTlsIndex);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static partial bool TlsSetValue(uint dwTlsIndex, nint lpTlsValue);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial nint TlsGetValue(uint dwTlsIndex);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial uint GetCurrentThreadId();
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    private static partial nint GetCurrentThread();
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static partial nuint SetThreadAffinityMask(nint hThread, nuint dwThreadAffinityMask);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static partial nint CreateThread(
+        nint lpThreadAttributes,
+        nuint dwStackSize,
+        nint lpStartAddress,
+        nint lpParameter,
+        uint dwCreationFlags,
+        out uint lpThreadId);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static partial uint WaitForSingleObject(nint hHandle, uint dwMilliseconds);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static partial nint OpenThread(uint dwDesiredAccess, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool bInheritHandle, uint dwThreadId);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static partial uint SuspendThread(nint hThread);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static partial uint ResumeThread(nint hThread);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static partial bool GetThreadContext(nint hThread, void* lpContext);
+
+    [LibraryImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static partial bool CloseHandle(nint hObject);
+
+    [LibraryImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "timeBeginPeriod")]
+    private static partial uint TimeBeginPeriod(uint uPeriod);
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsWaveOutAudio.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
+
+internal sealed partial class WindowsWaveOutAudio : IHostAudioOutput
+{
+    public string BackendName => "winmm";
+
+    public IHostAudioStream OpenStereoPcm16Stream(uint sampleRate) => new WaveOutStream(sampleRate);
+
+    private sealed partial class WaveOutStream : IHostAudioStream
+    {
+        private const uint WaveMapper = uint.MaxValue;
+        private const uint CallbackEvent = 0x0005_0000;
+        private const ushort WaveFormatPcm = 1;
+        private const uint WaveHeaderDone = 0x0000_0001;
+        private const int MaximumQueuedPcmBytes = 32 * 1024;
+
+        private readonly object _gate = new();
+        private readonly AutoResetEvent _completion = new(false);
+        private readonly Queue<NativeBuffer> _buffers = new();
+        private IntPtr _device;
+        private int _queuedPcmBytes;
+        private bool _disposed;
+
+        public WaveOutStream(uint sampleRate)
+        {
+            var format = new WaveFormat
+            {
+                FormatTag = WaveFormatPcm,
+                Channels = 2,
+                SamplesPerSecond = sampleRate,
+                AverageBytesPerSecond = checked(sampleRate * 4),
+                BlockAlign = 4,
+                BitsPerSample = 16,
+                ExtraSize = 0,
+            };
+            var result = WaveOutOpen(
+                out _device,
+                WaveMapper,
+                ref format,
+                _completion.SafeWaitHandle.DangerousGetHandle(),
+                IntPtr.Zero,
+                CallbackEvent);
+            if (result != 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"waveOutOpen failed with MMRESULT {result}.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool Submit(ReadOnlySpan<byte> stereoPcm16)
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (_disposed)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                ReapCompletedBuffers();
+                while (_queuedPcmBytes != 0 &&
+                       _queuedPcmBytes + stereoPcm16.Length > MaximumQueuedPcmBytes)
+                {
+                    if (!_completion.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    ReapCompletedBuffers();
+                }
+
+                return QueueBuffer(stereoPcm16);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (_disposed)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _disposed = true;
+                if (_device != IntPtr.Zero)
+                {
+                    WaveOutReset(_device);
+                    while (_buffers.TryDequeue(out var buffer))
+                    {
+                        ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
+                    }
+
+                    WaveOutClose(_device);
+                    _device = IntPtr.Zero;
+                }
+
+                _completion.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool QueueBuffer(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
+        {
+            var dataAddress = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(data.Length);
+            var headerAddress = IntPtr.Zero;
+            try
+            {
+                unsafe
+                {
+                    data.CopyTo(new Span<byte>((void*)dataAddress, data.Length));
+                }
+
+                var header = new WaveHeader
+                {
+                    Data = dataAddress,
+                    BufferLength = checked((uint)data.Length),
+                };
+                headerAddress = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf<WaveHeader>());
+                Marshal.StructureToPtr(header, headerAddress, false);
+
+                var result = WaveOutPrepareHeader(
+                    _device,
+                    headerAddress,
+                    checked((uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WaveHeader>()));
+                if (result != 0)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = WaveOutWrite(
+                    _device,
+                    headerAddress,
+                    checked((uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WaveHeader>()));
+                if (result != 0)
+                {
+                    WaveOutUnprepareHeader(
+                        _device,
+                        headerAddress,
+                        checked((uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WaveHeader>()));
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                _buffers.Enqueue(new NativeBuffer(dataAddress, headerAddress, data.Length));
+                _queuedPcmBytes += data.Length;
+                dataAddress = IntPtr.Zero;
+                headerAddress = IntPtr.Zero;
+                return true;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                if (headerAddress != IntPtr.Zero)
+                {
+                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(headerAddress);
+                }
+
+                if (dataAddress != IntPtr.Zero)
+                {
+                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(dataAddress);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ReapCompletedBuffers()
+        {
+            while (_buffers.TryPeek(out var buffer))
+            {
+                var header = Marshal.PtrToStructure<WaveHeader>(buffer.Header);
+                if ((header.Flags & WaveHeaderDone) == 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _buffers.Dequeue();
+                ReleaseBuffer(buffer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ReleaseBuffer(NativeBuffer buffer)
+        {
+            WaveOutUnprepareHeader(
+                _device,
+                buffer.Header,
+                checked((uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WaveHeader>()));
+            _queuedPcmBytes -= buffer.Length;
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer.Header);
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer.Data);
+        }
+
+        private readonly record struct NativeBuffer(IntPtr Data, IntPtr Header, int Length);
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)]
+        private struct WaveFormat
+        {
+            public ushort FormatTag;
+            public ushort Channels;
+            public uint SamplesPerSecond;
+            public uint AverageBytesPerSecond;
+            public ushort BlockAlign;
+            public ushort BitsPerSample;
+            public ushort ExtraSize;
+        }
+
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+        private struct WaveHeader
+        {
+            public IntPtr Data;
+            public uint BufferLength;
+            public uint BytesRecorded;
+            public nuint User;
+            public uint Flags;
+            public uint Loops;
+            public IntPtr Next;
+            public nuint Reserved;
+        }
+
+        [LibraryImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "waveOutOpen")]
+        private static partial uint WaveOutOpen(
+            out IntPtr device,
+            uint deviceId,
+            ref WaveFormat format,
+            IntPtr callback,
+            IntPtr instance,
+            uint flags);
+
+        [LibraryImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "waveOutPrepareHeader")]
+        private static partial uint WaveOutPrepareHeader(IntPtr device, IntPtr header, uint headerSize);
+
+        [LibraryImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "waveOutWrite")]
+        private static partial uint WaveOutWrite(IntPtr device, IntPtr header, uint headerSize);
+
+        [LibraryImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "waveOutUnprepareHeader")]
+        private static partial uint WaveOutUnprepareHeader(IntPtr device, IntPtr header, uint headerSize);
+
+        [LibraryImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "waveOutReset")]
+        private static partial uint WaveOutReset(IntPtr device);
+
+        [LibraryImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "waveOutClose")]
+        private static partial uint WaveOutClose(IntPtr device);
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/Host/Windows/WindowsXInputReader.cs

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
 
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Pad;
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Reads Xbox 360 / Xbox One (and other XInput-compatible) controllers via
-/// the Windows XInput API on a background thread, translated to the same
-/// ORBIS pad conventions as <see cref="DualSenseReader"/>. Supports rumble
-/// and hot-plug retry; the first connected slot (of four) is used.
+/// the Windows XInput API on a background thread, translated to
+/// <see cref="HostGamepadState"/> conventions. Supports rumble and hot-plug
+/// retry; the first connected slot (of four) is used.
 /// </summary>
-internal static class XInputReader
+internal static partial class WindowsXInputReader
 {
     private const uint ErrorSuccess = 0;
     private const int SlotCount = 4;
@@ -34,15 +34,19 @@ internal static class XInputReader
     private const ushort XinputY = 0x8000;
 
     private static readonly object Gate = new();
-    private static PadState _state;
+    private static HostGamepadState _state;
     private static bool _started;
     private static int _slot = -1; // connected XInput user index, -1 when none
     private static byte _motorLeft;
     private static byte _motorRight;
+    private static byte _triggerLeft;
+    private static byte _triggerRight;
 
     /// <summary>Starts the background reader once; safe to call repeatedly.</summary>
     internal static void EnsureStarted()
     {
+        // The GUI source-links this reader and calls it directly, without the
+        // host-platform resolution that otherwise guarantees Windows.
         if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
         {
             return;
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ internal static class XInputReader
         }
     }
 
-    internal static bool TryGetState(out PadState state)
+    internal static bool TryGetState(out HostGamepadState state)
     {
         lock (Gate)
         {
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ internal static class XInputReader
         return state.Connected;
     }
 
-    private static void SetState(in PadState state)
+    private static void SetState(in HostGamepadState state)
     {
         lock (Gate)
         {
@@ -99,6 +103,31 @@ internal static class XInputReader
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>Approximates per-trigger vibration on the two XInput body motors.</summary>
+    internal static void SetTriggerRumble(byte? leftTrigger, byte? rightTrigger)
+    {
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            var changed = false;
+            if (leftTrigger is { } left)
+            {
+                changed |= _triggerLeft != left;
+                _triggerLeft = left;
+            }
+
+            if (rightTrigger is { } right)
+            {
+                changed |= _triggerRight != right;
+                _triggerRight = right;
+            }
+
+            if (changed)
+            {
+                SendRumbleLocked();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private static void SendRumbleLocked()
     {
         if (_slot < 0)
@@ -108,8 +137,8 @@ internal static class XInputReader
 
         var vibration = new XInputVibration
         {
-            LeftMotorSpeed = (ushort)(_motorLeft * 257),   // 0..255 -> 0..65535
-            RightMotorSpeed = (ushort)(_motorRight * 257),
+            LeftMotorSpeed = (ushort)(Math.Max(_motorLeft, _triggerLeft) * 257),
+            RightMotorSpeed = (ushort)(Math.Max(_motorRight, _triggerRight) * 257),
         };
         _ = XInputSetState((uint)_slot, ref vibration);
     }
@@ -147,6 +176,8 @@ internal static class XInputReader
                     _slot = -1;
                     _motorLeft = 0;
                     _motorRight = 0;
+                    _triggerLeft = 0;
+                    _triggerRight = 0;
                     _state = default;
                 }
 
@@ -175,40 +206,40 @@ internal static class XInputReader
         return -1;
     }
 
-    private static PadState Translate(in XInputGamepad pad)
+    private static HostGamepadState Translate(in XInputGamepad pad)
     {
-        uint buttons = 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadUp) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Up : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadDown) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Down : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadLeft) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Left : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadRight) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Right : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputStart) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Options : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputBack) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.TouchPad : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputLeftThumb) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.L3 : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputRightThumb) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.R3 : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputLeftShoulder) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.L1 : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputRightShoulder) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.R1 : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputA) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Cross : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputB) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Circle : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputX) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Square : 0;
-        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputY) != 0 ? OrbisPadButton.Triangle : 0;
-        buttons |= pad.LeftTrigger > TriggerThreshold ? OrbisPadButton.L2 : 0;
-        buttons |= pad.RightTrigger > TriggerThreshold ? OrbisPadButton.R2 : 0;
+        var buttons = HostGamepadButtons.None;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadUp) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Up : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadDown) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Down : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadLeft) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Left : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputDpadRight) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Right : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputStart) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Options : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputBack) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.TouchPad : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputLeftThumb) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.L3 : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputRightThumb) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.R3 : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputLeftShoulder) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.L1 : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputRightShoulder) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.R1 : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputA) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Cross : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputB) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Circle : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputX) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Square : 0;
+        buttons |= (pad.Buttons & XinputY) != 0 ? HostGamepadButtons.Triangle : 0;
+        buttons |= pad.LeftTrigger > TriggerThreshold ? HostGamepadButtons.L2 : 0;
+        buttons |= pad.RightTrigger > TriggerThreshold ? HostGamepadButtons.R2 : 0;
 
-        return new PadState(
+        return new HostGamepadState(
             Connected: true,
             Buttons: buttons,
             LeftX: AxisToByte(pad.ThumbLX),
             LeftY: AxisToByteInverted(pad.ThumbLY),
             RightX: AxisToByte(pad.ThumbRX),
             RightY: AxisToByteInverted(pad.ThumbRY),
-            L2: pad.LeftTrigger,
-            R2: pad.RightTrigger);
+            LeftTrigger: pad.LeftTrigger,
+            RightTrigger: pad.RightTrigger);
     }
 
     private static byte AxisToByte(short value) => (byte)((value + 32768) >> 8);
 
-    // XInput Y grows upward, ORBIS pads report Y growing downward.
+    // XInput Y grows upward, host pad conventions report Y growing downward.
     private static byte AxisToByteInverted(short value) => (byte)(255 - ((value + 32768) >> 8));
 
     [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
@@ -238,9 +269,9 @@ internal static class XInputReader
     }
 
     // xinput1_4.dll ships with Windows 8 and later.
-    [DllImport("xinput1_4.dll")]
-    private static extern uint XInputGetState(uint userIndex, out XInputState state);
+    [LibraryImport("xinput1_4.dll")]
+    private static partial uint XInputGetState(uint userIndex, out XInputState state);
 
-    [DllImport("xinput1_4.dll")]
-    private static extern uint XInputSetState(uint userIndex, ref XInputVibration vibration);
+    [LibraryImport("xinput1_4.dll")]
+    private static partial uint XInputSetState(uint userIndex, ref XInputVibration vibration);
 }