Merge branch 'shader-cfg-ssa' of https://github.com/sharpemu/sharpemu into shader-cfg-ssa

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/SharpEmu.GUI/AddFolderTile.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Stateless trailing action that opens the library folder picker.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class AddFolderTile : LibraryTile
+{
+    public static AddFolderTile Instance { get; } = new();
+
+    private AddFolderTile()
+    {
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GameEntry.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ internal enum GameEntryChanges
     Background = 4,
 }
 
-public sealed class GameEntry : INotifyPropertyChanged
+public sealed class GameEntry : LibraryTile, INotifyPropertyChanged
 {
     // Placeholder gradients for games without cover art, picked
     // deterministically from the game name so a game keeps its color.

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GuiSettings.cs

@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
     /// <summary>UI language, matching a file code under Languages/ (e.g. "en", "tr").</summary>
     public string Language { get; set; } = "en";
 
+    /// <summary>Default text-entry profile exposed to games.</summary>
+    public string DefaultProfile { get; set; } = "Sharp";
+
     /// <summary>Publish launcher/game status to Discord Rich Presence.</summary>
     public bool DiscordRichPresence { get; set; } = true;
 
@@ -112,6 +115,18 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
         settings.EnvironmentToggles = FilterNullOrEmpty(settings.EnvironmentToggles);
         settings.LogLevel ??= "Info";
         settings.Language ??= "en";
+        var legacyProfile = settings.EnvironmentToggles
+            .Select(entry => entry.Split('=', 2, StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries))
+            .FirstOrDefault(parts =>
+                parts.Length == 2 &&
+                string.Equals(parts[0], "SHARPEMU_DEFAULT_PROFILE", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        settings.EnvironmentToggles.RemoveAll(entry =>
+            string.Equals(
+                entry.Split('=', 2, StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries)[0],
+                "SHARPEMU_DEFAULT_PROFILE",
+                StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        settings.DefaultProfile = NormalizeDefaultProfile(
+            legacyProfile is { Length: 2 } ? legacyProfile[1] : settings.DefaultProfile);
         settings.DiscordClientId ??= "1525606762248540221";
         if (settings.RenderResolutionScale <= 0 || settings.RenderResolutionScale > 2.0)
         {
@@ -152,6 +167,12 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
         return $"{width}x{height}";
     }
 
+    internal static string NormalizeDefaultProfile(string? value)
+    {
+        var trimmed = value?.Trim();
+        return string.IsNullOrEmpty(trimmed) ? "Sharp" : trimmed;
+    }
+
     public void Save()
     {
         try

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ar.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} لعبة",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "ابحث في المكتبة...",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ إضافة مجلد",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "إضافة مجلد",
   "Library.OpenFile": "فتح ملف...",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "تشغيل",
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "لغة المحاكي",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "اللغة المستخدمة في جميع أنحاء المشغل. تُطبق فوراً.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "اسم الملف الشخصي الافتراضي",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "الاسم المستخدم عندما تطلب لعبة إدخال نص. القيمة الافتراضية هي Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "تشغيل",
   "Common.Off": "إيقاف",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/br.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} jogos",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Pesquisar na biblioteca…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Adicionar pasta",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Adicionar pasta",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Abrir arquivo…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Jogar",
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Idioma do emulador",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Idioma usado em toda a interface do emulador. A alteração é aplicada imediatamente.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Nome de perfil padrão",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Nome usado quando um jogo solicita entrada de texto. O padrão é Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Ativado",
   "Common.Off": "Desativado",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/de.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} Spiele",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Bibliothek durchsuchen…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Spielordner hinzufügen",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Spielordner hinzufügen",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Datei öffnen…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Starten",
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Emulator-Sprache",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Sprache der Benutzeroberfläche. Wird sofort angewendet.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Standardprofilname",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Name für Texteingaben in Spielen. Der Standardwert ist Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "An",
   "Common.Off": "Aus",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/dk.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} spil",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Søg i biblioteket…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Tilføj mappe",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Tilføj mappe",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Åbn fil…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Start",
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Emulatorsprog",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Sprog der bruges i hele launcheren. Anvendes med det samme.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Standardprofilnavn",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Navn der bruges, når et spil beder om tekstinput. Standardværdien er Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Til",
   "Common.Off": "Fra",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/en.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} games",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Search library…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Add folder",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Add folder",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Open file…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Launch",
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
   "Options.Env.LogIo.Desc": "Log file open, read, and path-resolve activity to the console.\nUse when a game cannot find its data files during boot.",
   "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "Log NP (PlayStation Network) library calls to the console.",
   "Options.Env.GuestImageCpuSync.Desc": "Re-upload guest surfaces the game's own CPU code rewrites.\nLeave off normally. Turn on for titles whose CPU-drawn surfaces never reach the screen.\nCosts performance and regresses some titles, such as GTA V.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Default profile name",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Name used when a game asks for text input. Defaults to Sharp.",
   "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULATION",
   "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGGING",
   "Options.Section.Launcher": "LAUNCHER",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/es.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} juegos",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Buscar en la biblioteca…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Añadir carpeta",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Añadir carpeta",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Abrir archivo…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Iniciar",
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Idioma del emulador",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Idioma utilizado en todo el launcher. Se aplica inmediatamente.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Nombre de perfil predeterminado",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Nombre utilizado cuando un juego solicita introducir texto. El valor predeterminado es Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Encendido",
   "Common.Off": "Apagado",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/fr.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} jeux",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Rechercher dans la bibliothèque…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Ajouter un dossier",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Ajouter un dossier",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Ouvrir un fichier…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Lancer",
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Langue de l’émulateur",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Langue utilisée dans l’ensemble du lanceur. Le changement est immédiat.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Nom de profil par défaut",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Nom utilisé lorsqu’un jeu demande une saisie de texte. La valeur par défaut est Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Activé",
   "Common.Off": "Désactivé",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/hu.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} játékok",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Keresés a könyvtárban",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Mappa hozzáadása",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Mappa hozzáadása",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Fájl megnyitása…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Inditás",
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Emulátor nyelve",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Az indítóban használt nyelv. Azonnal érvénybe lép.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Alapértelmezett profilnév",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "A játékok szövegbeviteli kéréseinél használt név. Az alapértelmezett érték Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Be",
   "Common.Off": "Ki",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/it.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} giochi",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Cerca nella libreria…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Aggiungi cartella",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Aggiungi cartella",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Apri file…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Avvia",
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Lingua dell'emulatore",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Lingua utilizzata in tutto il launcher. Viene applicata immediatamente.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Nome profilo predefinito",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Nome usato quando un gioco richiede l'inserimento di testo. Il valore predefinito è Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "On",
   "Common.Off": "Off",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ja.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "ゲーム {0}本",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "ライブラリを検索…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ フォルダーを追加",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "フォルダーを追加",
   "Library.OpenFile": "ファイルを開く…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "起動",
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "エミュレータの言語",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "ランチャー全体で使用される言語。変更はすぐに適用されます。",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "既定のプロフィール名",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "ゲームがテキスト入力を要求したときに使用する名前です。既定値は Sharp です。",
 
   "Common.On": "オン",
   "Common.Off": "オフ",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ko.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "게임 {0}개",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "라이브러리 검색…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ 폴더 추가",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "폴더 추가",
   "Library.OpenFile": "파일 열기…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "실행",
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "에뮬레이터 언어",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "런처 전체에 사용되는 언어입니다. 변경 사항은 즉시 적용됩니다.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "기본 프로필 이름",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "게임에서 텍스트 입력을 요청할 때 사용할 이름입니다. 기본값은 Sharp입니다.",
 
   "Common.On": "켬",
   "Common.Off": "끔",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/nl.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} games",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Zoeken in bibliotheek…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Map toevoegen",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Map toevoegen",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Bestand openen…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Starten",
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Taal van de emulator",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Taal die in de hele launcher wordt gebruikt. Wordt direct toegepast.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Standaardprofielnaam",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Naam die wordt gebruikt wanneer een game om tekstinvoer vraagt. De standaardwaarde is Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Aan",
   "Common.Off": "Uit",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/pt.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} jogos",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Pesquisar biblioteca…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Adicionar pasta",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Adicionar pasta",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Abrir ficheiro…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Iniciar",
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Idioma do emulador",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Idioma utilizado em todo o lançador. Aplica-se de imediato.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Nome de perfil predefinido",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Nome utilizado quando um jogo solicita a introdução de texto. O valor predefinido é Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Ativado",
   "Common.Off": "Desativado",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/ru.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "Игр: {0}",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Поиск…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Добавить папку",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Добавить папку",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Открыть файл…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Запустить",
@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@
 
   "Options.Language.Label": "Язык эмулятора",
   "Options.Language.Desc": "Язык интерфейса лаунчера. Изменение применяется сразу.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Имя профиля по умолчанию",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Имя, используемое, когда игра запрашивает ввод текста. Значение по умолчанию — Sharp.",
 
   "Common.On": "Включено",
   "Common.Off": "Выключено",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/tr.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "Page.GameCount.Other": "{0} oyun",
 
   "Library.SearchWatermark": "Kütüphanede ara…",
-  "Library.AddFolder": "＋ Klasör ekle",
+  "Library.AddFolder": "Klasör ekle",
   "Library.OpenFile": "Dosya aç…",
 
   "Library.Context.Launch": "Başlat",
@@ -173,6 +173,8 @@
   "Options.Env.LogIo.Desc": "Dosya açma, okuma ve yol çözümleme etkinliğini konsola günlükle.\nBir oyun açılışta veri dosyalarını bulamıyorsa kullanın.",
   "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "NP (PlayStation Network) kütüphane çağrılarını konsola günlükle.",
   "Options.Env.GuestImageCpuSync.Desc": "Oyunun kendi CPU kodunun yeniden yazdığı misafir yüzeyleri tekrar yükler.\nNormalde kapalı bırakın. CPU ile çizilen yüzeyleri ekrana ulaşmayan oyunlarda açın.\nPerformansa mal olur ve GTA V gibi bazı oyunlarda soruna yol açar.",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Label": "Varsayilan profil adi",
+  "Options.DefaultProfile.Desc": "Oyun metin girisi istediginde kullanilacak ad. Varsayilan deger Sharp'tir.",
   "Common.Save": "Kaydet",
   "Common.Cancel": "İptal",
   "PerGame.Title": "Oyuna özel ayarlar — {0} ({1})",

src/SharpEmu.GUI/LibraryTile.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Base type for game cards and actions shown in the library rail.
+/// </summary>
+public abstract class LibraryTile;

src/SharpEmu.GUI/LibraryTileCollection.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Collections.Specialized;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Read-only view of the visible games with one persistent action tile at
+/// the end. Game collection changes keep their original indices, so Avalonia
+/// can update and virtualize the rail without rebuilding every item.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class LibraryTileCollection : IReadOnlyList<LibraryTile>, IList, INotifyCollectionChanged
+{
+    private readonly ObservableCollection<GameEntry> _games;
+
+    public LibraryTileCollection(ObservableCollection<GameEntry> games)
+    {
+        _games = games;
+        _games.CollectionChanged += OnGamesCollectionChanged;
+    }
+
+    public event NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler? CollectionChanged;
+
+    public int Count => _games.Count + 1;
+
+    bool IList.IsFixedSize => false;
+
+    bool IList.IsReadOnly => true;
+
+    bool ICollection.IsSynchronized => false;
+
+    object ICollection.SyncRoot => this;
+
+    public LibraryTile this[int index]
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            if ((uint)index < (uint)_games.Count)
+            {
+                return _games[index];
+            }
+
+            if (index == _games.Count)
+            {
+                return AddFolderTile.Instance;
+            }
+
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+        }
+    }
+
+    object? IList.this[int index]
+    {
+        get => this[index];
+        set => throw new NotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    public IEnumerator<LibraryTile> GetEnumerator()
+    {
+        foreach (var game in _games)
+        {
+            yield return game;
+        }
+
+        yield return AddFolderTile.Instance;
+    }
+
+    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => GetEnumerator();
+
+    int IList.Add(object? value) => throw new NotSupportedException();
+
+    void IList.Clear() => throw new NotSupportedException();
+
+    bool IList.Contains(object? value) => ((IList)this).IndexOf(value) >= 0;
+
+    int IList.IndexOf(object? value) => value switch
+    {
+        GameEntry game => _games.IndexOf(game),
+        AddFolderTile => _games.Count,
+        _ => -1,
+    };
+
+    void IList.Insert(int index, object? value) => throw new NotSupportedException();
+
+    void IList.Remove(object? value) => throw new NotSupportedException();
+
+    void IList.RemoveAt(int index) => throw new NotSupportedException();
+
+    void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(array);
+        foreach (var tile in this)
+        {
+            array.SetValue(tile, index++);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void OnGamesCollectionChanged(object? sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs args) =>
+        CollectionChanged?.Invoke(this, args);
+}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/MainWindow.axaml

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 <Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SharpEmu.GUI"
-        xmlns:primitives="clr-namespace:Avalonia.Controls.Primitives;assembly=Avalonia.Controls"
         x:Class="SharpEmu.GUI.MainWindow"
         Title="SharpEmu"
         Width="1280" Height="820"
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     </Grid>
 
     <!-- Main content -->
-    <Grid x:Name="MainContent" Grid.Row="1" Margin="32,24,32,20" RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto,Auto">
+    <Grid x:Name="MainContent" Grid.Row="1" Margin="32,24,32,20" RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto">
 
       <!-- Library / Options page switcher, with the library toolbar sharing
            the same row on the right. Plain buttons (not TabItem) so there is
@@ -119,10 +118,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                    PlaceholderText="{Binding [Library.SearchWatermark], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
                    Width="240"
                    VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-          <Button x:Name="AddFolderButton"
-                  Classes="ghost"
-                  Content="{Binding [Library.AddFolder], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
-                  VerticalAlignment="Center" />
           <Button x:Name="OpenFileButton"
                   Classes="ghost"
                   Content="{Binding [Library.OpenFile], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
@@ -132,12 +127,12 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
       <Panel Grid.Row="1" x:Name="PagesHost">
 
-        <!-- Library page. The tile row gets extra top margin so it sits
+        <!-- Library page. Covers use a horizontal virtualized rail so the
-             closer to eye level (PS5 home-screen style) instead of hugging
+             number of realized images stays bounded for large libraries. -->
-             the Library/Options switcher above it. -->
+        <Grid x:Name="LibraryPage" Margin="0,46,0,0" RowDefinitions="188,*">
-        <Panel x:Name="LibraryPage" Margin="0,64,0,0">
           <ListBox x:Name="GameList" Classes="tileGrid" Background="Transparent"
-                   SelectionMode="Single" Padding="0">
+                   Grid.Row="0"
+                   SelectionMode="Single" Padding="4,0,28,0">
             <ListBox.ContextMenu>
               <ContextMenu x:Name="GameContextMenu" Placement="Pointer">
                 <MenuItem x:Name="CtxLaunch"
@@ -190,49 +185,135 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
             </ListBox.ContextMenu>
             <ListBox.ItemsPanel>
               <ItemsPanelTemplate>
-                <WrapPanel />
+                <VirtualizingStackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" />
               </ItemsPanelTemplate>
             </ListBox.ItemsPanel>
-            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
+            <ListBox.DataTemplates>
               <DataTemplate x:DataType="local:GameEntry" x:CompileBindings="True">
-                <StackPanel Width="128" Height="172" Spacing="7">
+                <Border Classes="coverShadow libraryGameCard"
-                  <Border Classes="coverShadow" Width="128" Height="128">
+                        Width="148"
-                    <Border Classes="coverClip">
+                        Height="148"
-                      <Panel>
+                        ToolTip.Tip="{Binding Name}"
-                        <Border Background="{Binding PlaceholderBrush}" IsVisible="{Binding !HasCover}">
+                        AutomationProperties.Name="{Binding Name}">
-                          <TextBlock Text="{Binding Initials}" FontSize="36" FontWeight="Bold"
+                  <Border Classes="coverClip">
-                                     Foreground="#E8ECF4" Opacity="0.85"
+                    <Panel>
-                                     HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      <Border Background="{Binding PlaceholderBrush}" IsVisible="{Binding !HasCover}">
-                        </Border>
+                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Initials}" FontSize="38" FontWeight="Light"
-                        <Image Source="{Binding Cover}" Stretch="UniformToFill" IsVisible="{Binding HasCover}" />
+                                   Foreground="#C4E8ECF4"
-                      </Panel>
+                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                    </Border>
+                      </Border>
+                      <Image Source="{Binding Cover}"
+                             Stretch="UniformToFill"
+                             RenderOptions.BitmapInterpolationMode="LowQuality"
+                             IsVisible="{Binding HasCover}" />
+                    </Panel>
                   </Border>
-                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="13" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                </Border>
-                             TextWrapping="Wrap" MaxLines="2" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis"
-                             TextAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
-                </StackPanel>
               </DataTemplate>
-            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
+              <DataTemplate x:DataType="local:AddFolderTile">
+                <Border Classes="addFolderTile"
+                        Width="148"
+                        Height="148"
+                        ToolTip.Tip="{Binding [Library.AddFolder],
+                                              Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance},
+                                              x:CompileBindings=False}"
+                        AutomationProperties.Name="{Binding [Library.AddFolder],
+                                                           Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance},
+                                                           x:CompileBindings=False}">
+                  <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                              VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                              Spacing="12">
+                    <Border Classes="addFolderTileIcon">
+                      <TextBlock Classes="addFolderGlyph addFolderIconGlyph"
+                                 Text="+"
+                                 FontSize="34"
+                                 FontWeight="Light"
+                                 LineHeight="34"
+                                 HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                 VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                    </Border>
+                    <TextBlock Classes="addFolderGlyph"
+                               Text="{Binding [Library.AddFolder],
+                                              Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance},
+                                              x:CompileBindings=False}"
+                               FontSize="12"
+                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                               HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
+                  </StackPanel>
+                </Border>
+              </DataTemplate>
+            </ListBox.DataTemplates>
           </ListBox>
 
+          <!-- Selected-game identity and actions share one detail surface so
+               the selected title and metadata are never rendered twice. -->
+          <StackPanel x:Name="LibrarySelectedDetails"
+                      Grid.Row="1"
+                      x:DataType="local:GameEntry"
+                      x:CompileBindings="True"
+                      IsVisible="False"
+                      MaxWidth="980"
+                      HorizontalAlignment="Left"
+                      VerticalAlignment="Top"
+                      Margin="4,8,0,0"
+                      Spacing="18">
+            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"
+                       FontSize="42"
+                       FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                       TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                       TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis"
+                       MaxLines="2" />
+            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8">
+              <Border Classes="pill" IsVisible="{Binding HasTitleId}">
+                <TextBlock Text="{Binding TitleId}" FontSize="11" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                           Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+              </Border>
+              <Border Classes="pill" IsVisible="{Binding HasVersion}">
+                <TextBlock Text="{Binding VersionText}" FontSize="11" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                           Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+              </Border>
+              <Border Classes="pill">
+                <TextBlock Text="{Binding SizeText}" FontSize="11" FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                           Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
+              </Border>
+            </StackPanel>
+            <Grid Width="360"
+                  ColumnDefinitions="*,*"
+                  ColumnSpacing="8"
+                  HorizontalAlignment="Left">
+              <Button x:Name="LaunchButton"
+                      Grid.Column="0"
+                      Classes="accent"
+                      Content="Launch"
+                      HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
+                      IsEnabled="False" />
+              <ToggleButton x:Name="ConsoleToggle"
+                            Grid.Column="1"
+                            Classes="ghost"
+                            Padding="22,10"
+                            HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
+                            Content="{Binding [Launch.Console],
+                                              Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance},
+                                              x:CompileBindings=False}" />
+            </Grid>
+          </StackPanel>
+
           <!-- Empty state -->
-          <StackPanel x:Name="EmptyState" Spacing="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
+          <StackPanel x:Name="EmptyState" Grid.RowSpan="2"
+                      Spacing="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
                       IsVisible="False">
             <TextBlock Text="🎮" FontSize="44" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Opacity="0.7" />
             <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateTitle" Text="Your library is empty" FontSize="18" FontWeight="SemiBold"
                        HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
             <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateHint" Text="Add a folder containing your games to get started."
                        FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
-            <Button x:Name="EmptyAddFolderButton" Classes="accent"
-                    Content="{Binding [Library.Empty.AddFolder], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
-                    HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,8,0,0" />
           </StackPanel>
 
           <!-- Loading state: covers the grid while a scan (initial load,
                rescan, or a just-added folder) is in flight, so the screen
                never looks blank mid-scan. -->
-          <StackPanel x:Name="LoadingState" Spacing="14" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
+          <StackPanel x:Name="LoadingState" Grid.RowSpan="2"
+                      Spacing="14" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
                       IsVisible="False">
             <ProgressBar IsIndeterminate="True" Width="180" Height="3" />
             <TextBlock x:Name="LoadingStateText"
@@ -240,11 +321,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        FontSize="13"
                        Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
           </StackPanel>
-        </Panel>
+        </Grid>
 
         <!-- Options page: sub-tabs so future categories (Graphics, …) slot
              in next to General. Card-grouped sections match the visual
-             language used by the console panel and launch bar below. -->
+             language used by the console panel below. -->
         <Grid x:Name="OptionsPage" IsVisible="False">
           <TabControl>
             <TabItem x:Name="GeneralTabItem"
@@ -346,6 +427,15 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                         </ComboBox>
                       </local:SettingRow>
 
+                      <local:SettingRow x:Name="DefaultProfileRow"
+                                        Label="{Binding [Options.DefaultProfile.Label], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
+                                        Description="{Binding [Options.DefaultProfile.Desc], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}">
+                        <TextBox x:Name="DefaultProfileBox"
+                                 Width="180"
+                                 MaxLength="16"
+                                 VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </local:SettingRow>
+
                       <local:SettingRow x:Name="TitleMusicRow"
                                         Label="{Binding [Options.TitleMusic.Label], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
                                         Description="{Binding [Options.TitleMusic.Desc], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}">
@@ -646,6 +736,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                                       OffContent="{Binding [Common.Off], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
                                       VerticalAlignment="Center" />
                       </local:SettingRow>
+
                     </StackPanel>
                   </Border>
 
@@ -660,7 +751,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
       <Border Grid.Row="2" x:Name="ConsolePanel" Classes="card" Padding="0" Height="240"
               Margin="0,12,0,0" IsVisible="False">
         <Grid RowDefinitions="Auto,*">
-          <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto" Margin="16,12,16,8">
+          <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto" Margin="16,12,16,8">
             <TextBlock x:Name="ConsoleSectionTitle" Classes="sectionTitle"
                        Text="{Binding [Console.Title], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
                        VerticalAlignment="Center" />
@@ -682,7 +773,15 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
             <Button Grid.Column="5" x:Name="ClearLogButton" Classes="ghost"
                     Content="{Binding [Console.Clear], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
                     FontSize="12"
-                    Padding="10,4" />
+                    Padding="10,4" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
+            <Button Grid.Column="6"
+                    x:Name="CloseConsoleButton"
+                    Classes="ghost"
+                    Content="×"
+                    AutomationProperties.Name="{Binding [Launch.Console],
+                                                        Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
+                    FontSize="16"
+                    Padding="10,2" />
           </Grid>
           <ListBox Grid.Row="1" x:Name="ConsoleList" Classes="console" BorderThickness="0,1,0,0"
                    BorderBrush="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" CornerRadius="0,0,12,12">
@@ -695,102 +794,8 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
         </Grid>
       </Border>
 
-      <!-- Launch bar; capped so it does not sprawl on a maximized window. -->
-      <Border Grid.Row="3" x:Name="LaunchBar" Classes="card" Margin="0,12,0,0" Padding="14" MaxWidth="1280">
-        <StackPanel Spacing="14">
-          <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto">
-
-            <!-- Selected game cover thumbnail -->
-            <Border Grid.Column="0" Classes="coverClip" Width="56" Height="56" CornerRadius="8"
-                    VerticalAlignment="Center">
-              <Panel x:Name="SelectedCoverPanel"
-                     x:DataType="local:GameEntry"
-                     x:CompileBindings="True">
-                <Border Background="{Binding PlaceholderBrush, FallbackValue={x:Null}}"
-                        IsVisible="{Binding !HasCover, FallbackValue=False}">
-                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Initials}" FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold"
-                             Foreground="#E8ECF4" Opacity="0.85"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </Border>
-                <Image Source="{Binding Cover}" Stretch="UniformToFill"
-                       IsVisible="{Binding HasCover, FallbackValue=False}" />
-              </Panel>
-            </Border>
-
-            <StackPanel Grid.Column="1" Spacing="4" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="14,0,14,0">
-              <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,Auto,*">
-                <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" x:Name="SelectedGameTitle" Text="No game selected" FontSize="16"
-                           FontWeight="Bold" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                           MaxWidth="340" Margin="0,0,10,0" />
-
-                <!-- Title id / version / size badges, right next to the
-                     title. The title's own MaxWidth (not a "*" column) is
-                     what keeps them from drifting to the far right. -->
-                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1" x:Name="SelectedBadgesRow"
-                            x:DataType="local:GameEntry"
-                            x:CompileBindings="True"
-                            Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="6"
-                            IsVisible="False" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-                  <Border Classes="pill" IsVisible="{Binding HasTitleId, FallbackValue=False}">
-                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding TitleId}" FontSize="10" FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                               Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-                  </Border>
-                  <Border Classes="pill" IsVisible="{Binding HasVersion, FallbackValue=False}">
-                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding VersionText}" FontSize="10" FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                               Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-                  </Border>
-                  <Border Classes="pill">
-                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding SizeText, FallbackValue=''}" FontSize="10" FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                               Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-                  </Border>
-                </StackPanel>
-              </Grid>
-
-              <TextBlock x:Name="SelectedGamePath" Text="Pick a game from the library, or open an eboot.bin directly."
-                         FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-              <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="7">
-                <Ellipse x:Name="StatusDot" Width="8" Height="8" Fill="{StaticResource FaintBrush}"
-                         VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                <TextBlock x:Name="StatusText" Text="Idle" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                           VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-              </StackPanel>
-            </StackPanel>
-
-            <StackPanel Grid.Column="2" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-              <ToggleButton x:Name="ConsoleToggle" Classes="ghost"
-                            Content="{Binding [Launch.Console], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}" />
-              <Button x:Name="LaunchButton" Classes="accent"
-                      Content="{Binding [Launch.Launch], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
-                      IsEnabled="False" />
-              <Button x:Name="StopButton" Classes="danger"
-                      Content="{Binding [Launch.Stop], Source={x:Static local:Localization.Instance}}"
-                      IsEnabled="False" />
-            </StackPanel>
-          </Grid>
-        </StackPanel>
-      </Border>
     </Grid>
 
-    <!-- Keep launch progress above the blurred library while the SDL game
-         process owns its independent top-level window. -->
-    <primitives:Popup x:Name="SessionLoadingPopup"
-                      IsOpen="False"
-                      PlacementTarget="{Binding #MainContent}"
-                      Placement="Center"
-                      Topmost="True"
-                      ShouldUseOverlayLayer="False"
-                      TakesFocusFromNativeControl="False"
-                      IsLightDismissEnabled="False">
-      <Border Classes="card" Width="380" CornerRadius="18" Padding="22,18">
-        <StackPanel Spacing="12">
-          <TextBlock x:Name="SessionLoadingTitle" Text="Loading game" FontSize="16" FontWeight="SemiBold" />
-          <TextBlock x:Name="SessionLoadingDetail" Text="Preparing the emulation session..." FontSize="12"
-                     Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-          <ProgressBar x:Name="SessionLoadingProgress" IsIndeterminate="True" Height="5" />
-        </StackPanel>
-      </Border>
-    </primitives:Popup>
-
     <!-- Status bar -->
     <Grid x:Name="StatusBar" Grid.Row="2" Height="32" Background="{StaticResource ChromeBrush}"
           ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">

src/SharpEmu.GUI/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 {
     private const int MaxConsoleLines = 4000;
     private const int MaxConsoleLinesPerFlush = 500;
-    private const double LaunchBlurRadius = 12;
-    private const double BlurTransitionSeconds = 0.24;
 
     private static readonly IBrush DefaultLineBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#C7CFDE"));
     private static readonly IBrush DimLineBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6B7488"));
@@ -83,17 +81,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     ];
     private readonly List<GameEntry> _allGames = new();
     private readonly ObservableCollection<GameEntry> _visibleGames = new();
+    private readonly LibraryTileCollection _libraryTiles;
     private readonly GameLibraryWatcher _libraryWatcher = new();
     private readonly AvaloniaList<LogLine> _consoleLines = new();
     private readonly List<LogLine> _allConsoleLines = new();
     private readonly ConcurrentQueue<(string Line, bool IsError)> _pendingLines = new();
     private readonly DispatcherTimer _consoleFlushTimer;
-    private readonly DispatcherTimer _libraryBlurTimer;
-    private BlurEffect? _libraryBlur;
-    private double _libraryBlurStartRadius;
-    private double _libraryBlurTargetRadius;
-    private long _libraryBlurStartedAt;
-    private bool _clearLibraryBlurWhenComplete;
 
     private GuiSettings _settings = new();
     private IReadOnlyList<HostDisplayOption> _hostDisplays = [];
@@ -123,23 +116,19 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     private int _detailLoadGeneration;
     private int _backdropGeneration;
     private bool _isClosing;
+    private bool _restoringGameSelection;
+    private bool _addFolderInProgress;
+    private GameEntry? _lastSelectedGame;
 
     // Bundled key art shown whenever no game-specific backdrop applies; the
     // plain window color remains the fallback when the asset fails to load.
     private Bitmap? _defaultBackdrop;
 
-    // Whether the native loading/closing popup should be showing; it is a
-    // desktop-topmost popup, so it closes while the launcher is in the
-    // background or minimized and reopens from this flag on activation.
-    private bool _sessionLoadingActive;
-
     // Controller navigation state.
     private readonly DispatcherTimer _gamepadTimer;
     private HostGamepadButtons _previousPadButtons;
     private long _navLeftNextAt;
     private long _navRightNextAt;
-    private long _navUpNextAt;
-    private long _navDownNextAt;
 
     //Github http client for latest commit
     private static readonly HttpClient GithubHttpClient = CreateGithubHttpClient();
@@ -156,6 +145,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     {
         InitializeComponent();
         InitializeLocalizedChoiceBoxes();
+        _libraryTiles = new LibraryTileCollection(_visibleGames);
 
         try
         {
@@ -169,7 +159,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             _defaultBackdrop = null; // color background remains the fallback
         }
 
-        GameList.ItemsSource = _visibleGames;
+        GameList.ItemsSource = _libraryTiles;
         _libraryWatcher.RefreshRequested += OnLibraryRefreshRequested;
         ConsoleList.ItemsSource = _consoleLines;
         _consoleMirror = GuiConsoleMirror.Install((line, isError) =>
@@ -187,23 +177,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         };
         _consoleFlushTimer.Start();
 
-        _libraryBlurTimer = new DispatcherTimer
-        {
-            Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(16),
-        };
-        _libraryBlurTimer.Tick += (_, _) => AdvanceLibraryBlur();
-
-        // Native popups float above every window on the desktop; they must
-        // follow the launcher into the background or a minimized state.
-        Activated += (_, _) =>
-        {
-            SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = _sessionLoadingActive;
-        };
-        Deactivated += (_, _) =>
-        {
-            SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = false;
-        };
-
         TitleBar.PointerPressed += OnTitleBarPointerPressed;
         TitleBar.DoubleTapped += OnTitleBarDoubleTapped;
         MinimizeButton.Click += (_, _) => WindowState = WindowState.Minimized;
@@ -221,18 +194,26 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             UpdateWindowChromeState();
         };
         UpdateWindowChromeState();
-        GameList.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => UpdateSelectedGame();
+        GameList.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => OnGameListSelectionChanged();
-        GameList.DoubleTapped += (_, _) => LaunchSelected();
+        GameList.DoubleTapped += OnGameListDoubleTapped;
         SearchBox.TextChanged += (_, _) => RefreshVisibleGames();
         ConsoleSearchBox.TextChanged += (_, _) => RefreshVisibleConsoleLines();
-        AddFolderButton.Click += async (_, _) => await AddFolderAsync();
-        EmptyAddFolderButton.Click += async (_, _) => await AddFolderAsync();
         OpenFileButton.Click += async (_, _) => await OpenFileAsync();
-        LaunchButton.Click += (_, _) => LaunchSelected();
+        LaunchButton.Click += (_, _) =>
+        {
+            if (_isRunning)
+            {
+                StopEmulator();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                LaunchSelected();
+            }
+        };
         ClearLogButton.Click += (_, _) => { _consoleLines.Clear(); _allConsoleLines.Clear(); };
-        StopButton.Click += (_, _) => StopEmulator();
         CopyLogButton.Click += async (_, _) => await CopyConsoleAsync();
         DetachConsoleButton.Click += (_, _) => ShowConsoleWindow();
+        CloseConsoleButton.Click += (_, _) => ConsoleToggle.IsChecked = false;
         LibraryTabButton.Click += (_, _) => SetActivePage(0);
         OptionsTabButton.Click += (_, _) => SetActivePage(1);
         ConsoleToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => ConsolePanel.IsVisible = ConsoleToggle.IsChecked == true && _consoleWindow is null;
@@ -298,6 +279,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             SetEnvironmentToggle(
                 "SHARPEMU_GUEST_IMAGE_CPU_SYNC",
                 EnvGuestImageCpuSyncToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        DefaultProfileBox.TextChanged += (_, _) =>
+            _settings.DefaultProfile = GuiSettings.NormalizeDefaultProfile(DefaultProfileBox.Text);
         LanguageBox.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => OnLanguageChanged();
 
         GameList.AddHandler(ContextRequestedEvent, OnGameContextRequested, RoutingStrategies.Tunnel);
@@ -518,8 +501,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         var now = Environment.TickCount64;
         var left = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Left) != 0 || pad.LeftX < 64;
         var right = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Right) != 0 || pad.LeftX > 192;
-        var up = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Up) != 0 || pad.LeftY < 64;
-        var down = (pad.Buttons & HostGamepadButtons.Down) != 0 || pad.LeftY > 192;
 
         if (ShouldNavigate(left, ref _navLeftNextAt, now))
         {
@@ -531,16 +512,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             MoveSelection(1);
         }
 
-        if (ShouldNavigate(up, ref _navUpNextAt, now))
-        {
-            MoveSelection(-TilesPerRow());
-        }
-
-        if (ShouldNavigate(down, ref _navDownNextAt, now))
-        {
-            MoveSelection(TilesPerRow());
-        }
-
         var pressed = pad.Buttons & ~_previousPadButtons;
         if ((pressed & HostGamepadButtons.Cross) != 0)
         {
@@ -579,26 +550,13 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
     private void MoveSelection(int delta)
     {
-        if (_visibleGames.Count == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
         var index = GameList.SelectedIndex < 0
             ? 0
-            : Math.Clamp(GameList.SelectedIndex + delta, 0, _visibleGames.Count - 1);
+            : Math.Clamp(GameList.SelectedIndex + delta, 0, _libraryTiles.Count - 1);
         GameList.SelectedIndex = index;
         GameList.ScrollIntoView(index);
     }
 
-    private int TilesPerRow()
-    {
-        // Tile footprint: 128 content + 20 item padding + 10 item margin.
-        const double TileOuterWidth = 158;
-        var width = GameList.Bounds.Width;
-        return width > TileOuterWidth ? (int)(width / TileOuterWidth) : 1;
-    }
-
     private async Task OnOpenedAsync()
     {
         var version = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version;
@@ -660,7 +618,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         RefreshHostRefreshRates(_settings.RefreshRate);
         RefreshUpdateText();
         UpdateEmptyStateTexts();
-        UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
+        UpdateRunButtons();
     }
 
     // ---- Discord Rich Presence ----
@@ -728,7 +686,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _libraryWatcher.Dispose();
         _settings.Save();
         _consoleFlushTimer.Stop();
-        _libraryBlurTimer.Stop();
         _gamepadTimer.Stop();
         SdlLauncherGamepad.Shutdown();
         _sndPreview.Stop();
@@ -883,6 +840,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         EnvLogNpToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_LOG_NP");
         EnvGuestImageCpuSyncToggle.IsChecked =
             _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_GUEST_IMAGE_CPU_SYNC");
+        DefaultProfileBox.Text = _settings.DefaultProfile;
         WindowModeBox.SelectedIndex = ChoiceIndex(_settings.WindowMode, "Windowed", "Borderless", "Exclusive");
         LoadHostDisplayOptions();
         ScalingModeBox.SelectedIndex = ChoiceIndex(_settings.ScalingMode, "Fit", "Cover", "Stretch", "Integer");
@@ -1109,6 +1067,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
     }
 
+    private const string DefaultProfileEnvironmentName = "SHARPEMU_DEFAULT_PROFILE";
+
     private string SelectedLogLevel()
     {
         return LogLevelBox.SelectedIndex switch
@@ -1600,6 +1560,71 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
     // ---- Game context menu ----
 
+    private void OnGameListSelectionChanged()
+    {
+        if (_restoringGameSelection)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (GameList.SelectedItem is AddFolderTile)
+        {
+            _restoringGameSelection = true;
+            try
+            {
+                GameList.SelectedItem = _lastSelectedGame;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                _restoringGameSelection = false;
+            }
+
+            // A held direction must not reopen the picker after it closes.
+            _navLeftNextAt = long.MaxValue;
+            _navRightNextAt = long.MaxValue;
+            StartAddFolderFromTile();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _lastSelectedGame = GameList.SelectedItem as GameEntry;
+        UpdateSelectedGame();
+    }
+
+    private void OnGameListDoubleTapped(object? sender, TappedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var item = (e.Source as Visual)?.FindAncestorOfType<ListBoxItem>(includeSelf: true);
+        if (item?.DataContext is AddFolderTile)
+        {
+            e.Handled = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        LaunchSelected();
+    }
+
+    private void StartAddFolderFromTile()
+    {
+        if (_addFolderInProgress)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _addFolderInProgress = true;
+        _ = AddFolderFromTileAsync();
+    }
+
+    private async Task AddFolderFromTileAsync()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            await AddFolderAsync();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _addFolderInProgress = false;
+        }
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Selects the tile under the pointer before its context menu opens, and
     /// suppresses the menu on empty grid space.
@@ -1741,7 +1766,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
         else
         {
-            UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
             UpdateRunButtons();
             if (selectedAfter is not null && backgroundsChanged?.Contains(selectedAfter) == true)
             {
@@ -1769,26 +1793,21 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         EmptyStateHint.Text = hasFilter
             ? Localization.Instance.Format("Library.Empty.SearchHint", query)
             : Localization.Instance.Get("Library.Empty.Hint");
-        EmptyAddFolderButton.IsVisible = !hasFilter;
     }
 
     private void UpdateSelectedGame()
     {
         if (GameList.SelectedItem is GameEntry game)
         {
-            UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
+            LibrarySelectedDetails.DataContext = game;
-            SelectedCoverPanel.DataContext = game;
+            LibrarySelectedDetails.IsVisible = true;
-            SelectedBadgesRow.DataContext = game;
-            SelectedBadgesRow.IsVisible = true;
             _ = UpdateBackdropAsync(game);
             PlaySelectedGamePreview(game);
         }
         else
         {
-            UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
+            LibrarySelectedDetails.DataContext = null;
-            SelectedCoverPanel.DataContext = null;
+            LibrarySelectedDetails.IsVisible = false;
-            SelectedBadgesRow.DataContext = null;
-            SelectedBadgesRow.IsVisible = false;
             _ = UpdateBackdropAsync(null);
             _sndPreview.Stop();
         }
@@ -1796,25 +1815,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         UpdateRunButtons();
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Text-only refresh of the launch bar's title/path, split out of
-    /// <see cref="UpdateSelectedGame"/> so a language change can re-apply it
-    /// without restarting the backdrop fade or preview music.
-    /// </summary>
-    private void UpdateSelectedGameTexts()
-    {
-        if (GameList.SelectedItem is GameEntry game)
-        {
-            SelectedGameTitle.Text = game.Name;
-            SelectedGamePath.Text = game.Path;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            SelectedGameTitle.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.NoGameSelected");
-            SelectedGamePath.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.NoGameHint");
-        }
-    }
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Loops the selected game's sce_sys/snd0.at9 preview music, console
     /// home screen style. Silent while a game is running or when disabled
@@ -1864,18 +1864,10 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             if (WindowState == WindowState.Minimized)
             {
                 _sndPreview.Pause();
-                if (SessionLoadingPopup is { } popup)
-                {
-                    popup.IsOpen = false;
-                }
             }
             else
             {
                 _sndPreview.Resume();
-                if (SessionLoadingPopup is { } popup)
-                {
-                    popup.IsOpen = _sessionLoadingActive;
-                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2006,10 +1998,20 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
                 continue;
             }
 
+            if (string.Equals(name, DefaultProfileEnvironmentName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(name, value);
             _appliedEnvironmentVariables.Add(name);
         }
 
+        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(
+            DefaultProfileEnvironmentName,
+            GuiSettings.NormalizeDefaultProfile(_settings.DefaultProfile));
+        _appliedEnvironmentVariables.Add(DefaultProfileEnvironmentName);
+
         Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(
             "SHARPEMU_RENDER_SCALE",
             _settings.RenderResolutionScale.ToString(
@@ -2029,16 +2031,14 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         };
 
         _isRunning = true;
+        _isStopping = false;
         _runningGameName = displayName;
         _runningGameTitleId = resolvedTitleId;
         _runningSinceUnixSeconds = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
-        StatusDot.Fill = SuccessLineBrush;
-        StatusText.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.Running", displayName);
         StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Status.Running", displayName);
         UpdateRunButtons();
         UpdateDiscordPresence();
 
-        BeginSessionUi();
         _pendingLaunch = new PendingLaunch(
             Path.GetFullPath(ebootPath),
             displayName,
@@ -2084,15 +2084,14 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         }
 
         _isStopping = true;
-        StopButton.IsEnabled = false;
+        UpdateRunButtons();
-        ShowSessionLoading("Closing game", "Waiting for the emulation session to exit...");
         _emulator.Stop();
         _runningGameName = null;
         _runningGameTitleId = null;
-        StatusText.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.Stopping");
         StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Status.Stopping");
         UpdateDiscordPresence();
-        ReturnToLibraryWhileStopping();
+        ConsolePanel.IsVisible = ConsoleToggle.IsChecked == true && _consoleWindow is null;
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[GUI][INFO] Waiting for the SDL game process to exit.");
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -2134,7 +2133,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _emulator?.Dispose();
         _emulator = null;
         _pendingLaunch = null;
-        EndSessionUi();
+        ConsolePanel.IsVisible = ConsoleToggle.IsChecked == true && _consoleWindow is null;
 
         var meaningKey = exitCode switch
         {
@@ -2156,10 +2155,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             brush);
         CloseFileLogSoon();
 
-        StatusDot.Fill = exitCode == 0 || stoppedByUser ? (IBrush)SuccessLineBrush : ErrorLineBrush;
-        StatusText.Text = stoppedByUser
-            ? "Game closed by the user."
-            : Localization.Instance.Format("Launch.Exited", exitCode, meaning);
         StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Status.Idle");
         _runningGameName = null;
         _runningGameTitleId = null;
@@ -2240,137 +2235,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     private void OnEmulatorOutput(string line, bool isError)
     {
         _pendingLines.Enqueue((line, isError));
-        if (!line.Contains("Vulkan VideoOut presented first frame:", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
-            !line.Contains("Vulkan VideoOut ready:", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
-        {
-            if (_isRunning && !_isStopping)
-            {
-                ShowSessionStatus("Game is running");
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    private void BeginSessionUi()
-    {
-        _isStopping = false;
-        AnimateLibraryBlur(LaunchBlurRadius);
-        ShowSessionLoading("Loading game", "Preparing the emulation session...");
-        LaunchBar.IsVisible = true;
-    }
-
-    private void EndSessionUi()
-    {
-        HideSessionLoading();
-        AnimateLibraryBlur(0, clearWhenComplete: true);
-        LaunchBar.IsVisible = true;
-        ConsolePanel.IsVisible = ConsoleToggle.IsChecked == true && _consoleWindow is null;
-    }
-
-    private void AnimateLibraryBlur(double targetRadius, bool clearWhenComplete = false)
-    {
-        _libraryBlur ??= new BlurEffect();
-        PagesHost.Effect = _libraryBlur;
-
-        _libraryBlurStartRadius = _libraryBlur.Radius;
-        _libraryBlurTargetRadius = Math.Max(0, targetRadius);
-        _libraryBlurStartedAt = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
-        _clearLibraryBlurWhenComplete = clearWhenComplete && _libraryBlurTargetRadius == 0;
-
-        if (Math.Abs(_libraryBlurStartRadius - _libraryBlurTargetRadius) < 0.01)
-        {
-            CompleteLibraryBlur();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        _libraryBlurTimer.Start();
-    }
-
-    private void AdvanceLibraryBlur()
-    {
-        if (_libraryBlur is null)
-        {
-            _libraryBlurTimer.Stop();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var elapsed = (Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() - _libraryBlurStartedAt) /
-                      (double)Stopwatch.Frequency;
-        var progress = Math.Clamp(elapsed / BlurTransitionSeconds, 0, 1);
-        // Cubic ease-out gives the loading transition a quick response while
-        // keeping the final change of sharpness unobtrusive.
-        var easedProgress = 1 - Math.Pow(1 - progress, 3);
-        _libraryBlur.Radius = _libraryBlurStartRadius +
-                              ((_libraryBlurTargetRadius - _libraryBlurStartRadius) * easedProgress);
-
-        if (progress >= 1)
-        {
-            CompleteLibraryBlur();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void CompleteLibraryBlur()
-    {
-        _libraryBlurTimer.Stop();
-        if (_libraryBlur is not null)
-        {
-            _libraryBlur.Radius = _libraryBlurTargetRadius;
-        }
-
-        if (_clearLibraryBlurWhenComplete)
-        {
-            PagesHost.Effect = null;
-            _libraryBlur = null;
-            _clearLibraryBlurWhenComplete = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void ClearLibraryBlur()
-    {
-        _libraryBlurTimer.Stop();
-        _libraryBlur = null;
-        _clearLibraryBlurWhenComplete = false;
-        PagesHost.Effect = null;
-    }
-
-    private void ShowSessionLoading(string title, string detail)
-    {
-        SessionLoadingTitle.Text = title;
-        SessionLoadingTitle.IsVisible = true;
-        SessionLoadingDetail.Text = detail;
-        SessionLoadingDetail.IsVisible = true;
-        SessionLoadingProgress.IsVisible = true;
-        _sessionLoadingActive = true;
-        SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = IsActive && WindowState != WindowState.Minimized;
-    }
-
-    private void ShowSessionStatus(string message)
-    {
-        SessionLoadingTitle.Text = message;
-        SessionLoadingTitle.IsVisible = true;
-        SessionLoadingDetail.IsVisible = false;
-        SessionLoadingProgress.IsVisible = false;
-        _sessionLoadingActive = true;
-        SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = IsActive && WindowState != WindowState.Minimized;
-    }
-
-    private void HideSessionLoading()
-    {
-        _sessionLoadingActive = false;
-        SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = false;
-    }
-
-    private void ReturnToLibraryWhileStopping()
-    {
-        AnimateLibraryBlur(LaunchBlurRadius);
-        ConsolePanel.IsVisible = ConsoleToggle.IsChecked == true && _consoleWindow is null;
-        LaunchBar.IsVisible = true;
-        UpdateRunButtons();
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("[GUI][INFO] Waiting for the SDL game process to exit.");
     }
 
     private void OpenFileLog(string? titleId)
@@ -2427,8 +2291,23 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
     private void UpdateRunButtons()
     {
-        LaunchButton.IsEnabled = !_isRunning && GameList.SelectedItem is GameEntry;
+        LaunchButton.Classes.Remove("accent");
-        StopButton.IsEnabled = _isRunning && !_isStopping;
+        LaunchButton.Classes.Remove("danger");
+
+        if (_isRunning)
+        {
+            LaunchButton.Classes.Add("danger");
+            LaunchButton.Content = Localization.Instance.Get(
+                _isStopping ? "Launch.Stopping" : "Launch.Stop");
+            LaunchButton.IsEnabled = !_isStopping;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            LaunchButton.Classes.Add("accent");
+            LaunchButton.Content = Localization.Instance.Get("Launch.Launch");
+            LaunchButton.IsEnabled = GameList.SelectedItem is GameEntry;
+        }
+
         OpenFileButton.IsEnabled = !_isRunning;
     }
 

src/SharpEmu.GUI/Themes/Styles/Library.axaml

@@ -6,32 +6,121 @@ Cover-art library item states and motion.
 
 <Styles xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
-  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem">
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid">
-    <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10" />
-    <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5" />
-    <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="14" />
     <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
-    <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0" />
+    <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Hidden" />
+    <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Disabled" />
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem">
+    <Setter Property="Width" Value="160" />
+    <Setter Property="Height" Value="172" />
+    <Setter Property="Padding" Value="4" />
+    <Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,8,12,8" />
+    <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="9" />
+    <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0" />
     <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Transparent" />
+    <Setter Property="Opacity" Value="0.72" />
+    <Setter Property="RenderTransformOrigin" Value="50%,50%" />
     <Setter Property="RenderTransform" Value="translateY(0px)" />
     <Setter Property="Transitions">
       <Transitions>
-        <TransformOperationsTransition Property="RenderTransform" Duration="0:0:0.12" />
+        <DoubleTransition Property="Opacity"
+                          Duration="0:0:0.11"
+                          Easing="QuadraticEaseOut" />
+        <TransformOperationsTransition Property="RenderTransform"
+                                       Duration="0:0:0.16"
+                                       Easing="CubicEaseOut" />
       </Transitions>
     </Setter>
   </Style>
-  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover">
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover,
-    <Setter Property="RenderTransform" Value="translateY(-3px)" />
+                   ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected">
+    <Setter Property="Opacity" Value="1" />
+    <Setter Property="RenderTransform" Value="translateY(-5px) scale(1.035)" />
   </Style>
-  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter,
-    <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource TileHoverBrush}" />
+                   ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter,
+                   ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
+    <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Transparent" />
   </Style>
-  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
+
-    <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource TileSelectedBrush}" />
+  <Style Selector="Border.libraryGameCard">
-    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource AccentBrush}" />
+    <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="7" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="2" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Transparent" />
+    <Setter Property="BoxShadow" Value="0 12 28 0 #61000000" />
+    <Setter Property="Transitions">
+      <Transitions>
+        <BrushTransition Property="BorderBrush"
+                         Duration="0:0:0.12"
+                         Easing="QuadraticEaseOut" />
+      </Transitions>
+    </Setter>
   </Style>
-  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected Border.libraryGameCard">
-    <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource TileSelectedBrush}" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#E6FFFFFF" />
-    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource AccentHoverBrush}" />
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="Border.libraryGameCard Border.coverClip">
+    <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="5" />
+  </Style>
+
+  <Style Selector="Border.addFolderTile">
+    <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="7" />
+    <Setter Property="Background" Value="#0CFFFFFF" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#2EFFFFFF" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1.5" />
+    <Setter Property="BoxShadow" Value="0 12 28 0 #3A000000" />
+    <Setter Property="Transitions">
+      <Transitions>
+        <BrushTransition Property="Background"
+                         Duration="0:0:0.18"
+                         Easing="CubicEaseOut" />
+        <BrushTransition Property="BorderBrush"
+                         Duration="0:0:0.18"
+                         Easing="CubicEaseOut" />
+      </Transitions>
+    </Setter>
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="Border.addFolderTileIcon">
+    <Setter Property="Width" Value="60" />
+    <Setter Property="Height" Value="60" />
+    <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="30" />
+    <Setter Property="Background" Value="#1BFFFFFF" />
+    <Setter Property="Transitions">
+      <Transitions>
+        <BrushTransition Property="Background"
+                         Duration="0:0:0.18"
+                         Easing="CubicEaseOut" />
+      </Transitions>
+    </Setter>
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="TextBlock.addFolderGlyph">
+    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#A6FFFFFF" />
+    <Setter Property="Transitions">
+      <Transitions>
+        <BrushTransition Property="Foreground"
+                         Duration="0:0:0.18"
+                         Easing="CubicEaseOut" />
+      </Transitions>
+    </Setter>
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="TextBlock.addFolderIconGlyph">
+    <Setter Property="RenderTransform" Value="translateY(-7px)" />
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover TextBlock.addFolderGlyph,
+                   ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected TextBlock.addFolderGlyph">
+    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White" />
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover Border.addFolderTile,
+                   ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected Border.addFolderTile">
+    <Setter Property="Background" Value="#1AFFFFFF" />
+    <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#55FFFFFF" />
+  </Style>
+  <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover Border.addFolderTileIcon,
+                   ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected Border.addFolderTileIcon">
+    <Setter Property="Background" Value="#2EFFFFFF" />
   </Style>
 </Styles>

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/AgcExports.cs

@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
     private const uint ItNumInstances = 0x2F;
     private const uint ItDrawIndexMultiAuto = 0x30;
     private const uint ItDrawIndexOffset2 = 0x35;
+    private const uint ItDrawIndexIndirectMulti = 0x38;
+    private const uint DrawIndexedIndirectArgsSize = 20;
+    private const uint DrawIndexedIndirectMaxScan = 1024;
     private const uint ItWriteData = 0x37;
     private const uint ItDispatchDirect = 0x15;
     private const uint ItDispatchIndirect = 0x16;
@@ -319,6 +322,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
     private static int _tracedVertexRangeCount;
     private static long _dcbWaitRegMemTraceCount;
     private static long _createShaderTraceCount;
+    private static long _duplicateTargetTraceCount;
     private static long _cbMetadataSkipTraceCount;
     private static long _packetPayloadTraceCount;
     private static bool _tracedMissingPixelShaderBindings;
@@ -1994,6 +1998,65 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
         return ReturnPointer(ctx, drawCommand);
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "1q1titRBL6o",
+        ExportName = "sceAgcDcbDrawIndirect",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAgc")]
+    public static int DcbDrawIndirect(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var commandBufferAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var dataOffset = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        var emit = Interlocked.Increment(ref _indirectDrawEmitCount);
+
+        if (emit <= 12 || emit % 250 == 0)
+        {
+            var rcx = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
+            var dump = string.Empty;
+            for (var word = 0; word < 8; word++)
+            {
+                dump += TryReadUInt32(ctx, rcx + dataOffset + ((ulong)word * 4), out var raw)
+                    ? $" {raw}"
+                    : " ?";
+            }
+
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][WARN] agc.emit_indirect#{emit} buf=0x{commandBufferAddress:X16} " +
+                $"off=0x{dataOffset:X} rdx=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]:X} rcx=0x{rcx:X} " +
+                $"r8=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.R8]:X} rcx_words:{dump}");
+        }
+
+        if (commandBufferAddress == 0)
+        {
+            Interlocked.Increment(ref _indirectDrawEmitRejectCount);
+            return ReturnPointer(ctx, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryAllocateCommandDwords(ctx, commandBufferAddress, 5, out var drawCommand) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand, Pm4(5, ItDrawIndirect, 0)) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 4, dataOffset) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 8, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 12, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 16, 0))
+        {
+            var rejects = Interlocked.Increment(ref _indirectDrawEmitRejectCount);
+            if (rejects <= 8 || rejects % 250 == 0)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][WARN] agc.emit_indirect_reject#{rejects} " +
+                    $"buf=0x{commandBufferAddress:X16} reason=alloc_or_write");
+            }
+
+            return ReturnPointer(ctx, 0);
+        }
+
+        TraceAgc(
+            $"agc.dcb_draw_indirect buf=0x{commandBufferAddress:X16} " +
+            $"draw=0x{drawCommand:X16} offset=0x{dataOffset:X}");
+
+        return ReturnPointer(ctx, drawCommand);
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "Yw0jKSqop+E",
         ExportName = "sceAgcDcbDrawIndexAuto",
@@ -2052,6 +2115,39 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
         return ReturnPointer(ctx, commandAddress);
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "ypVBz4uPKcQ",
+        ExportName = "sceAgcDcbDrawIndexIndirectMulti",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAgc")]
+    public static int DcbDrawIndexIndirectMulti(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var commandBufferAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var dataOffset = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        var drawCount = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        var stride = DrawIndexedIndirectArgsSize;
+        var modifier = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.R8];
+        if (commandBufferAddress == 0 ||
+            !TryAllocateCommandDwords(ctx, commandBufferAddress, 8, out var commandAddress) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress, Pm4(8, ItDrawIndexIndirectMulti, 0)) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress + 4, dataOffset) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress + 8, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress + 12, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress + 16, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress + 20, drawCount) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress + 24, stride) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, commandAddress + 28, modifier))
+        {
+            return ReturnPointer(ctx, 0);
+        }
+
+        TraceAgc(
+            $"agc.dcb_draw_index_indirect_multi buf=0x{commandBufferAddress:X16} " +
+            $"cmd=0x{commandAddress:X16} offset=0x{dataOffset:X8} draws={drawCount} " +
+            $"stride={stride} modifier=0x{modifier:X8}");
+        return ReturnPointer(ctx, commandAddress);
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "mStuvI0zOtc",
         ExportName = "sceAgcDcbDrawIndexIndirectGetSize",
@@ -3812,6 +3908,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
 
             if (TryReadSubmittedDrawCount(
                     ctx,
+                    gpuState,
                     state,
                     currentAddress,
                     length,
@@ -3835,7 +3932,8 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                 var indexed = op is
                     ItDrawIndex2 or
                     ItDrawIndexOffset2 or
-                    ItDrawIndexIndirect;
+                    ItDrawIndexIndirect or
+                    ItDrawIndexIndirectMulti;
                 state.SawIndexedDraw |= indexed;
                 TryTranslateGuestDraw(ctx, gpuState, state, indexCount, indexed);
             }
@@ -4195,6 +4293,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
         op is ItDispatchDirect or ItDispatchIndirect ||
         op is ItDrawIndirect or
             ItDrawIndexIndirect or
+            ItDrawIndexIndirectMulti or
             ItDrawIndex2 or
             ItDrawIndexAuto or
             ItDrawIndexMultiAuto or
@@ -6164,8 +6263,24 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
         }
     }
 
+    private const int IndirectArgsFlushTimeoutMilliseconds = 250;
+
+    private static void FlushGpuWorkForIndirectArgs(SubmittedGpuState gpuState)
+    {
+        var pending = gpuState.WorkSequence;
+        if (pending == 0 || pending > long.MaxValue)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        GuestGpu.Current.WaitForGuestWork(
+            (long)pending,
+            IndirectArgsFlushTimeoutMilliseconds);
+    }
+
     private static bool TryReadSubmittedDrawCount(
         CpuContext ctx,
+        SubmittedGpuState gpuState,
         SubmittedDcbState state,
         ulong packetAddress,
         uint packetLength,
@@ -6196,17 +6311,89 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
 
                 drawCount = (control >> 21) & 0x7FFu;
                 return true;
-            case ItDrawIndirect or ItDrawIndexIndirect
+            case ItDrawIndexIndirectMulti when packetLength >= 8 &&
-                when packetLength >= 5 && state.IndirectArgsAddress != 0:
+                state.IndirectArgsAddress != 0:
-                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, packetAddress + 4, out var dataOffset))
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, packetAddress + 4, out var multiOffset) ||
+                    !TryReadUInt32(ctx, packetAddress + 20, out var multiDraws) ||
+                    !TryReadUInt32(ctx, packetAddress + 24, out var multiStride))
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                return TryReadUInt32(
+
-                    ctx,
+                if (multiStride < DrawIndexedIndirectArgsSize)
-                    state.IndirectArgsAddress + dataOffset,
+                {
-                    out drawCount);
+                    multiStride = DrawIndexedIndirectArgsSize;
+                }
+
+                var multiTotal = 0UL;
+                var multiCapped = multiDraws == 0
+                    ? DrawIndexedIndirectMaxScan
+                    : Math.Min(multiDraws, 4096u);
+                for (var draw = 0u; draw < multiCapped; draw++)
+                {
+                    if (!TryReadUInt32(
+                            ctx,
+                            state.IndirectArgsAddress + multiOffset + ((ulong)draw * multiStride),
+                            out var subCount))
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (subCount == 0 && multiDraws == 0)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    multiTotal += subCount;
+                }
+
+                var multiProbe = Interlocked.Increment(ref _indirectMultiProbeCount);
+                if (multiProbe <= 12 || multiProbe % 250 == 0)
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[LOADER][WARN] agc.draw_multi#{multiProbe} args=0x{state.IndirectArgsAddress:X} " +
+                        $"off=0x{multiOffset:X} draws={multiDraws} stride={multiStride} " +
+                        $"total={multiTotal}");
+                }
+
+                drawCount = (uint)Math.Min(multiTotal, uint.MaxValue);
+                return drawCount != 0;
+            case ItDrawIndirect or ItDrawIndexIndirect:
+                var probe = Interlocked.Increment(ref _indirectDrawProbeCount);
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, packetAddress + 4, out var dataOffset))
+                {
+                    dataOffset = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+                }
+
+                var readable = packetLength >= 5 &&
+                    state.IndirectArgsAddress != 0 &&
+                    dataOffset != 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+                var resolved = readable &&
+                    TryReadUInt32(
+                        ctx,
+                        state.IndirectArgsAddress + dataOffset,
+                        out drawCount);
+                if (probe <= 12 || probe % 100 == 0)
+                {
+                    var dump = string.Empty;
+                    for (var word = 0; word < 8; word++)
+                    {
+                        dump += TryReadUInt32(
+                            ctx,
+                            state.IndirectArgsAddress + dataOffset + ((ulong)word * 4),
+                            out var raw)
+                            ? $" {raw}"
+                            : " ?";
+                    }
+
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[LOADER][WARN] agc.draw_indirect#{probe} op=0x{op:X} len={packetLength} " +
+                        $"args=0x{state.IndirectArgsAddress:X} off=0x{dataOffset:X} " +
+                        $"resolved={resolved} count={drawCount} words:{dump}");
+                }
+
+                return resolved;
             default:
                 return false;
         }
@@ -8056,6 +8243,61 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
             source.Format == destination.Format;
     }
 
+    private static readonly HashSet<ulong> _renderTargetAddresses = new();
+    private static readonly HashSet<ulong> _sampledRenderTargets = new();
+    private static readonly object _renderTargetProbeGate = new();
+    private static long _renderTargetSampleTraceCount;
+    private static long _indirectDrawProbeCount;
+    private static long _indirectDrawEmitCount;
+    private static long _indirectDrawEmitRejectCount;
+    private static long _indirectMultiProbeCount;
+
+    private static void NoteRenderTargetAddress(ulong address)
+    {
+        if (address == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (_renderTargetProbeGate)
+        {
+            if (_renderTargetAddresses.Count < 512)
+            {
+                _renderTargetAddresses.Add(address);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void NoteSampledAddress(ulong address, uint format = 0, uint numberType = 0)
+    {
+        if (address == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        bool firstTime;
+        int distinctTargets;
+        lock (_renderTargetProbeGate)
+        {
+            if (!_renderTargetAddresses.Contains(address))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            firstTime = _sampledRenderTargets.Add(address);
+            distinctTargets = _renderTargetAddresses.Count;
+        }
+
+        var count = Interlocked.Increment(ref _renderTargetSampleTraceCount);
+        if (firstTime || count % 2000 == 0)
+        {
+            var gpuResident = GuestGpu.Current.IsGpuGuestImageAvailable(address, format, numberType);
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][WARN] agc.rt_sampled#{count} addr=0x{address:X} first={firstTime} " +
+                $"gpu_resident={gpuResident} fmt={format}/{numberType} known_targets={distinctTargets}");
+        }
+    }
+
     private static IReadOnlyList<RenderTargetDescriptor> GetRenderTargets(
         IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, uint> registers,
         bool includeMaskedTargets = false)
@@ -8082,6 +8324,13 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                 continue;
             }
 
+            if (targets.Exists(existing => existing.Address == address))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            NoteRenderTargetAddress(address);
+
             targets.Add(new RenderTargetDescriptor(
                 slot,
                 address,
@@ -8092,6 +8341,21 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                 (attrib3 >> 14) & 0x1Fu));
         }
 
+        if (targets.Count > 1 &&
+            targets.Select(t => t.Address).Distinct().Count() != targets.Count)
+        {
+            var dupCount = Interlocked.Increment(ref _duplicateTargetTraceCount);
+            if (dupCount <= 12 || dupCount % 500 == 0)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][WARN] agc.rt_duplicate#{dupCount} has_mask={hasTargetMask} " +
+                    $"mask=0x{targetMask:X8} slots=[" +
+                    string.Join(",", targets.Select(t =>
+                        $"{t.Slot}:0x{t.Address:X}:m{(targetMask >> ((int)t.Slot * 4)) & 0xFu}")) +
+                    "]");
+            }
+        }
+
         return targets;
     }
 
@@ -9331,6 +9595,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                 descriptor.Format,
                 descriptor.NumberType))
         {
+            NoteSampledAddress(descriptor.Address, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
             texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
                 descriptor.Address,
                 descriptor.Width,
@@ -9410,6 +9675,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                     $"tile={descriptor.TileMode} mip={mipLevel}");
             }
 
+            NoteSampledAddress(descriptor.Address, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
             texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
                 descriptor.Address,
                 descriptor.Width,
@@ -9470,6 +9736,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                     descriptor.Type,
                     textureDepth)))
         {
+            NoteSampledAddress(descriptor.Address, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
             texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
                 descriptor.Address,
                 descriptor.Width,
@@ -9532,7 +9799,8 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
 
                     if (readAllLayers)
                     {
-                        texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
+                        NoteSampledAddress(descriptor.Address, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
+            texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
                             descriptor.Address,
                             descriptor.Width,
                             descriptor.Height,
@@ -9594,7 +9862,8 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
 
                 if (uploadedLayers == arrayLayers)
                 {
-                    texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
+                    NoteSampledAddress(descriptor.Address, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
+            texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
                         descriptor.Address,
                         descriptor.Width,
                         descriptor.Height,
@@ -9697,7 +9966,8 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
             if (IsGpuDetileEquation(gpuDetileParams.Equation) &&
                 (long)elementsWide * elementsHigh * bytesPerElement <= source.Length)
             {
-                texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
+                NoteSampledAddress(descriptor.Address, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
+            texture = new GuestDrawTexture(
                     descriptor.Address,
                     descriptor.Width,
                     descriptor.Height,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ime/ImeDialogExports.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Text;
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Ime;
+
+public static class ImeDialogExports
+{
+    private const int StatusNone = 0;
+    private const int StatusRunning = 1;
+    private const int StatusFinished = 2;
+
+    private const int EndStatusOk = 0;
+
+    private const ulong ParamMaxTextLengthOffset = 0x24;
+    private const ulong ParamInputTextBufferOffset = 0x28;
+
+    private const int ImeDialogErrorInvalidAddress = unchecked((int)0x80BC0001);
+
+    private const string DefaultInputText = "Sharp";
+
+    private static readonly object _gate = new();
+    private static int _status = StatusNone;
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "NUeBrN7hzf0",
+        ExportName = "sceImeDialogInit",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceImeDialog")]
+    public static int ImeDialogInit(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var parameterAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        if (parameterAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ImeDialogErrorInvalidAddress);
+        }
+
+        TryWriteInputText(ctx, parameterAddress);
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _status = StatusFinished;
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "IADmD4tScBY",
+        ExportName = "sceImeDialogGetStatus",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceImeDialog")]
+    public static int ImeDialogGetStatus(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        int status;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            status = _status;
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(long)status);
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "x01jxu+vxlc",
+        ExportName = "sceImeDialogGetResult",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceImeDialog")]
+    public static int ImeDialogGetResult(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var resultAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        if (resultAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ImeDialogErrorInvalidAddress);
+        }
+
+        Span<byte> result = stackalloc byte[8];
+        result.Clear();
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(result, EndStatusOk);
+        ctx.Memory.TryWrite(resultAddress, result);
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "oBmw4xrmfKs",
+        ExportName = "sceImeDialogAbort",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceImeDialog")]
+    public static int ImeDialogAbort(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _status = StatusFinished;
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "gyTyVn+bXMw",
+        ExportName = "sceImeDialogTerm",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceImeDialog")]
+    public static int ImeDialogTerm(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _status = StatusNone;
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static void TryWriteInputText(CpuContext ctx, ulong parameterAddress)
+    {
+        Span<byte> field = stackalloc byte[8];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(parameterAddress + ParamInputTextBufferOffset, field))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var bufferAddress = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(field);
+        if (bufferAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var maxTextLength = 16u;
+        Span<byte> lengthField = stackalloc byte[4];
+        if (ctx.Memory.TryRead(parameterAddress + ParamMaxTextLengthOffset, lengthField))
+        {
+            var declared = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(lengthField);
+            if (declared is > 0 and <= 256)
+            {
+                maxTextLength = declared;
+            }
+        }
+
+        var text = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DEFAULT_PROFILE");
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(text))
+        {
+            text = DefaultInputText;
+        }
+
+        if ((uint)text.Length > maxTextLength)
+        {
+            text = text[..(int)maxTextLength];
+        }
+
+        var encoded = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(text);
+        Span<byte> payload = stackalloc byte[encoded.Length + 2];
+        encoded.CopyTo(payload);
+        payload[^2] = 0;
+        payload[^1] = 0;
+
+        if (ctx.Memory.TryWrite(bufferAddress, payload))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][WARN] ime.dialog_autofill buf=0x{bufferAddress:X16} " +
+                $"max={maxTextLength} text=\"{text}\"");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(long)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SaveData/SaveDataDialogExports.cs

@@ -33,12 +33,17 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
         LibraryName = "libSceSaveDataDialog")]
     public static int SaveDataDialogInitialize(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _status, StatusInitialized, StatusNone) != StatusNone)
+        var previous = Interlocked.CompareExchange(
+            ref _status,
+            StatusInitialized,
+            StatusNone);
+        if (previous == StatusNone || previous == StatusFinished)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorAlreadyInitialized);
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _status, StatusInitialized);
+            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+        return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorAlreadyInitialized);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs

@@ -1046,14 +1046,50 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             targets.Count > 8 ||
             AnyRenderTargetInvalid(targets))
         {
+            var dropCount = Interlocked.Increment(ref _offscreenDropTraceCount);
+            if (dropCount <= 16 || dropCount % 500 == 0)
+            {
+                var detail = targets.Count == 0
+                    ? "<no targets>"
+                    : string.Join(
+                        " ",
+                        targets.Select(t => $"0x{t.Address:X}:{t.Width}x{t.Height}"));
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][WARN] vk.offscreen_drop#{dropCount} spirv={pixelSpirv.Length} " +
+                    $"mrt={targets.Count} vs=0x{shaderAddress:X16} {detail}");
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 
         var firstTarget = targets[0];
         if (RenderTargetsMismatchedOrAliased(targets, firstTarget))
         {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            var skipCount = Interlocked.Increment(ref _mrtSkipTraceCount);
-                "[LOADER][WARN] Vulkan skipped MRT draw with mismatched dimensions or aliased targets.");
+            if (skipCount <= 16 || skipCount % 200 == 0)
+            {
+                var aliased = false;
+                for (var i = 0; i < targets.Count && !aliased; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = i + 1; j < targets.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        if (targets[i].Address == targets[j].Address)
+                        {
+                            aliased = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                var detail = string.Join(
+                    " ",
+                    targets.Select(t =>
+                        $"0x{t.Address:X}:{t.Width}x{t.Height}:f{t.Format}/{t.NumberType}"));
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][WARN] vk.mrt_skip#{skipCount} mrt={targets.Count} " +
+                    $"aliased={aliased} vs=0x{shaderAddress:X16} {detail}");
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1298,6 +1334,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         }
     }
 
+    private static long _mrtSkipTraceCount;
+    private static long _offscreenDropTraceCount;
     private static long _perfDrawCount;
     private static long _perfDrawTicks;
     private static long _perfPipelineCreations;
@@ -1834,8 +1872,22 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
         lock (_gate)
         {
-            return _availableGuestImages.TryGetValue(address, out var availableFormat) &&
+            if (!_availableGuestImages.TryGetValue(address, out var availableFormat))
-                availableFormat == guestFormat;
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (availableFormat == guestFormat)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return TryDecodeRenderTargetFormat(
+                    (availableFormat >> 8) & 0x1FFu,
+                    availableFormat & 0xFFu,
+                    out var resident) &&
+                TryDecodeRenderTargetFormat(format, numberType, out var requested) &&
+                Presenter.IsCompatibleViewFormat(resident.Format, requested.Format);
         }
     }
 
@@ -12075,6 +12127,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             {
                 Console.Error.WriteLine(
                     $"[LOADER][WARN] Vulkan skipped storage render-target feedback loop " +
+                    $"vs=0x{work.ShaderAddress:X16} " +
                     $"targets={string.Join(',', work.Targets.Where(target => target.Address != 0).Select(target => $"0x{target.Address:X16}"))}; " +
                     "sampled aliases use ordered snapshots");
                 ReturnPooledGuestData(work.Draw);

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
 
@@ -36,6 +37,113 @@ public static class Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator
             StringComparison.Ordinal);
     private static readonly object _scalarFallbackTraceGate = new();
     private static readonly HashSet<(ulong Shader, uint Pc)> _tracedScalarFallbacks = [];
+    private static readonly HashSet<(ulong Shader, uint Pc)> _tracedDivergentDescriptors = [];
+
+    private static readonly ConditionalWeakTable<Gen5ShaderProgram, Ir.Gen5ScalarSsa> _scalarSsaCache = [];
+
+    private static readonly bool _divergentDescriptorGuard = !string.Equals(
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_IR_DESCRIPTOR_GUARD"),
+        "0",
+        StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    private static Ir.Gen5ScalarSsa GetScalarSsa(Gen5ShaderState state) =>
+        _scalarSsaCache.GetValue(
+            state.Program,
+            program => Ir.Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program.Instructions, state.UserData));
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The byte offset comes from an SGPR. When the instruction that produced that
+    /// register is one the scalar evaluator cannot reproduce — a vector compare
+    /// writing VCC, say, whose value depends on per-lane data — the register still
+    /// holds whatever the linear walk left in it. Adding that to an otherwise valid
+    /// base address is how descriptors turned into addresses far out of range.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool IsOffsetFromUnmodelledWriter(
+        Gen5ShaderState state,
+        Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+        Gen5ScalarMemoryControl control)
+    {
+        if (!_divergentDescriptorGuard || control.DynamicOffsetRegister is not { } offsetRegister)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var ssa = GetScalarSsa(state);
+        var reaching = ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(instruction.Pc, offsetRegister);
+        if (reaching.State == Ir.IrReachingState.Multiple)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (reaching.State != Ir.IrReachingState.Single ||
+            reaching.DefinitionPc == uint.MaxValue)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var writer = state.Program.Instructions
+            .FirstOrDefault(candidate => candidate.Pc == reaching.DefinitionPc);
+        return writer is not null && Ir.Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(writer);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A descriptor assembled from registers that differ per incoming path is not a
+    /// descriptor, it is whichever path the linear walk happened to take last.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool IsDescriptorFromDivergentMerge(
+        Gen5ShaderState state,
+        uint pc,
+        uint scalarBase,
+        uint registerCount)
+    {
+        if (!_divergentDescriptorGuard)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var ssa = GetScalarSsa(state);
+        if (!ssa.Graph.HasControlFlow)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (var offset = 0u; offset < registerCount; offset++)
+        {
+            var reaching = ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(pc, scalarBase + offset);
+            if (reaching.State == Ir.IrReachingState.Multiple)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (ssa.GetScalarAt(pc, scalarBase + offset).State == Ir.IrScalarState.Merged)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static void TraceDivergentDescriptor(
+        Gen5ShaderState state,
+        Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+        uint scalarBase,
+        ulong baseAddress)
+    {
+        lock (_scalarFallbackTraceGate)
+        {
+            if (!_tracedDivergentDescriptors.Add((state.Program.Address, instruction.Pc)))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][WARN] agc.descriptor_divergent " +
+            $"shader=0x{state.Program.Address:X16} pc=0x{instruction.Pc:X} " +
+            $"op={instruction.Opcode} base=s{scalarBase} " +
+            $"linear_base_addr=0x{baseAddress:X16} (unbound instead of dereferenced)");
+    }
     // Shaders whose empty SRT/EUD caused a null-base scalar pointer load.
     // Host submit of those translations has lost the Vulkan device; Agc skips
     // them before QueueSubmit.
@@ -1898,19 +2006,32 @@ public static class Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator
         var address = unchecked(
             baseAddress +
             byteOffset) & ~3UL;
+        var descriptorDiverged = IsDescriptorFromDivergentMerge(
+            state,
+            instruction.Pc,
+            scalarBase.Value,
+            isBufferLoad ? 4u : 2u) ||
+            IsOffsetFromUnmodelledWriter(state, instruction, control);
+        if (descriptorDiverged)
+        {
+            TraceDivergentDescriptor(state, instruction, scalarBase.Value, baseAddress);
+        }
+
         var bufferUnbound =
             isBufferLoad &&
-            (!hasBufferDescriptor ||
+            (descriptorDiverged ||
+             !hasBufferDescriptor ||
              bufferDescriptor.SizeBytes == 0 ||
              (scalarRegisters[scalarBase.Value] == 0 &&
               scalarRegisters[scalarBase.Value + 1] == 0 &&
               scalarBase.Value + 3 < ScalarRegisterCount &&
               scalarRegisters[scalarBase.Value + 2] == 0 &&
               scalarRegisters[scalarBase.Value + 3] == 0));
-        var scalarPointerUnbound = ShouldTreatScalarPointerAsUnbound(
+        var scalarPointerUnbound = descriptorDiverged && !isBufferLoad ||
-            isBufferLoad,
+            ShouldTreatScalarPointerAsUnbound(
-            address,
+                isBufferLoad,
-            _strictScalarLoad);
+                address,
+                _strictScalarLoad);
         if (scalarPointerUnbound)
         {
             TraceScalarPointerFallback(

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/Ir/Gen5IrBranchResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Ir;
+
+public sealed class Gen5IrBranchResolver : IIrBranchResolver
+{
+    public static Gen5IrBranchResolver Instance { get; } = new();
+
+    public bool IsBranch(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction) =>
+        IsUnconditionalBranch(instruction) ||
+        IsConditional(instruction) ||
+        IsTerminator(instruction);
+
+    public bool IsConditional(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction) => instruction.Opcode switch
+    {
+        "SCbranchScc0" or
+        "SCbranchScc1" or
+        "SCbranchVccz" or
+        "SCbranchVccnz" or
+        "SCbranchExecz" or
+        "SCbranchExecnz" or
+        "SCbranchCdbgsys" or
+        "SCbranchCdbguser" or
+        "SCbranchCdbgsysOrUser" or
+        "SCbranchCdbgsysAndUser" => true,
+        _ => false,
+    };
+
+    public bool TryGetBranchTarget(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction, out uint targetPc)
+    {
+        targetPc = 0;
+        if (IsTerminator(instruction))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!IsUnconditionalBranch(instruction) && !IsConditional(instruction))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (instruction.Encoding != Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sopp || instruction.Words.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var offset = unchecked((short)(instruction.Words[0] & 0xFFFF));
+        var nextPc = (long)instruction.Pc + instruction.Words.Count * sizeof(uint);
+        var target = nextPc + offset * sizeof(uint);
+        if (target < 0 || target > uint.MaxValue)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        targetPc = (uint)target;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static bool IsUnconditionalBranch(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction) =>
+        string.Equals(instruction.Opcode, "SBranch", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    public static bool IsTerminator(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction) =>
+        instruction.Opcode is "SEndpgm" or "SEndpgmSaved";
+}

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/Ir/Gen5ScalarSsa.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Ir;
+
+public enum IrScalarState
+{
+    Unknown,
+    Constant,
+    Merged,
+}
+
+public enum IrReachingState
+{
+    None,
+    Single,
+    Multiple,
+}
+
+public readonly record struct IrReachingDefinition(IrReachingState State, uint DefinitionPc)
+{
+    public static readonly IrReachingDefinition None = new(IrReachingState.None, 0);
+
+    public static readonly IrReachingDefinition Multiple = new(IrReachingState.Multiple, 0);
+
+    public static IrReachingDefinition At(uint pc) => new(IrReachingState.Single, pc);
+
+    public IrReachingDefinition Join(IrReachingDefinition other)
+    {
+        if (State == IrReachingState.None)
+        {
+            return other;
+        }
+
+        if (other.State == IrReachingState.None)
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        if (State == IrReachingState.Single &&
+            other.State == IrReachingState.Single &&
+            DefinitionPc == other.DefinitionPc)
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        return Multiple;
+    }
+}
+
+public readonly record struct IrScalarValue(IrScalarState State, uint Constant)
+{
+    public static readonly IrScalarValue Unknown = new(IrScalarState.Unknown, 0);
+
+    public static readonly IrScalarValue Merged = new(IrScalarState.Merged, 0);
+
+    public static IrScalarValue FromConstant(uint value) => new(IrScalarState.Constant, value);
+
+    public bool IsResolved => State == IrScalarState.Constant;
+
+    public IrScalarValue Join(IrScalarValue other)
+    {
+        if (State == IrScalarState.Unknown)
+        {
+            return other;
+        }
+
+        if (other.State == IrScalarState.Unknown)
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        if (State == IrScalarState.Constant &&
+            other.State == IrScalarState.Constant &&
+            Constant == other.Constant)
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        return Merged;
+    }
+}
+
+public sealed class Gen5ScalarSsa
+{
+    public const int ScalarRegisterCount = 256;
+
+    private Gen5ScalarSsa(
+        IrControlFlowGraph graph,
+        IReadOnlyList<IrScalarValue[]> entryState,
+        IReadOnlyList<IrScalarValue[]> exitState,
+        IReadOnlyList<IrReachingDefinition[]> entryDefinitions,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, int> blockByPc,
+        IReadOnlyList<Gen5ShaderInstruction> instructions)
+    {
+        Graph = graph;
+        _entryState = entryState;
+        _exitState = exitState;
+        _entryDefinitions = entryDefinitions;
+        _blockByPc = blockByPc;
+        _instructions = instructions;
+    }
+
+    private readonly IReadOnlyList<IrReachingDefinition[]> _entryDefinitions;
+
+    public IrControlFlowGraph Graph { get; }
+
+    private readonly IReadOnlyList<IrScalarValue[]> _entryState;
+    private readonly IReadOnlyList<IrScalarValue[]> _exitState;
+    private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, int> _blockByPc;
+    private readonly IReadOnlyList<Gen5ShaderInstruction> _instructions;
+
+    public static Gen5ScalarSsa Build(
+        IReadOnlyList<Gen5ShaderInstruction> instructions,
+        IReadOnlyList<uint> userData,
+        IIrBranchResolver? resolver = null)
+    {
+        resolver ??= Gen5IrBranchResolver.Instance;
+        var graph = IrControlFlowGraph.Build(instructions, resolver);
+        var blockCount = graph.Blocks.Count;
+
+        var entry = new List<IrScalarValue[]>(blockCount);
+        var exit = new List<IrScalarValue[]>(blockCount);
+        var defEntry = new List<IrReachingDefinition[]>(blockCount);
+        var defExit = new List<IrReachingDefinition[]>(blockCount);
+        for (var index = 0; index < blockCount; index++)
+        {
+            entry.Add(NewState());
+            exit.Add(NewState());
+            defEntry.Add(NewDefinitions());
+            defExit.Add(NewDefinitions());
+        }
+
+        if (blockCount > 0)
+        {
+            var initial = entry[0];
+            for (var index = 0; index < userData.Count && index < ScalarRegisterCount; index++)
+            {
+                initial[index] = IrScalarValue.FromConstant(userData[index]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var blockByPc = new Dictionary<uint, int>();
+        for (var blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blockCount; blockIndex++)
+        {
+            var range = graph.Blocks[blockIndex];
+            foreach (var instruction in instructions)
+            {
+                if (instruction.Pc >= range.StartPc && instruction.Pc < range.EndPc)
+                {
+                    blockByPc[instruction.Pc] = blockIndex;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var worklist = new Queue<int>();
+        for (var index = 0; index < blockCount; index++)
+        {
+            worklist.Enqueue(index);
+        }
+
+        var visits = new int[blockCount];
+        const int visitLimit = 8;
+        while (worklist.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var blockIndex = worklist.Dequeue();
+            if (visits[blockIndex]++ > visitLimit)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var state = (IrScalarValue[])entry[blockIndex].Clone();
+            if (graph.Predecessors[blockIndex].Count > 0)
+            {
+                state = NewState();
+                var first = true;
+                foreach (var predecessor in graph.Predecessors[blockIndex])
+                {
+                    var incoming = exit[predecessor];
+                    for (var register = 0; register < ScalarRegisterCount; register++)
+                    {
+                        state[register] = first
+                            ? incoming[register]
+                            : state[register].Join(incoming[register]);
+                    }
+
+                    first = false;
+                }
+
+                if (blockIndex == 0)
+                {
+                    for (var register = 0; register < userData.Count && register < ScalarRegisterCount; register++)
+                    {
+                        state[register] = state[register].Join(
+                            IrScalarValue.FromConstant(userData[register]));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            entry[blockIndex] = state;
+
+            var definitions = NewDefinitions();
+            if (graph.Predecessors[blockIndex].Count == 0)
+            {
+                for (var register = 0; register < userData.Count && register < ScalarRegisterCount; register++)
+                {
+                    definitions[register] = IrReachingDefinition.At(uint.MaxValue);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var first = true;
+                foreach (var predecessor in graph.Predecessors[blockIndex])
+                {
+                    var incoming = defExit[predecessor];
+                    for (var register = 0; register < ScalarRegisterCount; register++)
+                    {
+                        definitions[register] = first
+                            ? incoming[register]
+                            : definitions[register].Join(incoming[register]);
+                    }
+
+                    first = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            defEntry[blockIndex] = definitions;
+
+            var computed = Transfer(instructions, graph.Blocks[blockIndex], state);
+            var computedDefinitions = TransferDefinitions(
+                instructions,
+                graph.Blocks[blockIndex],
+                definitions);
+            var changed = !SameState(exit[blockIndex], computed) ||
+                !SameDefinitions(defExit[blockIndex], computedDefinitions);
+            exit[blockIndex] = computed;
+            defExit[blockIndex] = computedDefinitions;
+            if (changed)
+            {
+                foreach (var successor in graph.Successors[blockIndex])
+                {
+                    worklist.Enqueue(successor);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Gen5ScalarSsa(graph, entry, exit, defEntry, blockByPc, instructions);
+    }
+
+    public IrScalarValue GetScalarAt(uint pc, uint register)
+    {
+        if (register >= ScalarRegisterCount || !_blockByPc.TryGetValue(pc, out var blockIndex))
+        {
+            return IrScalarValue.Unknown;
+        }
+
+        var state = (IrScalarValue[])_entryState[blockIndex].Clone();
+        var range = _graphRange(blockIndex);
+        foreach (var instruction in _instructions)
+        {
+            if (instruction.Pc < range.StartPc || instruction.Pc >= range.EndPc)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (instruction.Pc >= pc)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            Apply(instruction, state);
+        }
+
+        return state[register];
+    }
+
+    public IrReachingDefinition GetReachingDefinitionAt(uint pc, uint register)
+    {
+        if (register >= ScalarRegisterCount || !_blockByPc.TryGetValue(pc, out var blockIndex))
+        {
+            return IrReachingDefinition.None;
+        }
+
+        var definitions = (IrReachingDefinition[])_entryDefinitions[blockIndex].Clone();
+        var range = _graphRange(blockIndex);
+        foreach (var instruction in _instructions)
+        {
+            if (instruction.Pc < range.StartPc || instruction.Pc >= range.EndPc)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (instruction.Pc >= pc)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ApplyDefinitions(instruction, definitions);
+        }
+
+        return definitions[register];
+    }
+
+    public bool IsInsideDivergentMerge(uint pc) =>
+        _blockByPc.TryGetValue(pc, out var blockIndex) &&
+        _graphPredecessorCount(blockIndex) > 1;
+
+    private IrBlockRange _graphRange(int blockIndex) => Graph.Blocks[blockIndex];
+
+    private int _graphPredecessorCount(int blockIndex) => Graph.Predecessors[blockIndex].Count;
+
+    private static IrScalarValue[] NewState()
+    {
+        var state = new IrScalarValue[ScalarRegisterCount];
+        for (var index = 0; index < state.Length; index++)
+        {
+            state[index] = IrScalarValue.Unknown;
+        }
+
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    private static IrReachingDefinition[] NewDefinitions()
+    {
+        var definitions = new IrReachingDefinition[ScalarRegisterCount];
+        for (var index = 0; index < definitions.Length; index++)
+        {
+            definitions[index] = IrReachingDefinition.None;
+        }
+
+        return definitions;
+    }
+
+    private static bool SameDefinitions(IrReachingDefinition[] left, IrReachingDefinition[] right)
+    {
+        for (var index = 0; index < left.Length; index++)
+        {
+            if (!left[index].Equals(right[index]))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static IrReachingDefinition[] TransferDefinitions(
+        IReadOnlyList<Gen5ShaderInstruction> instructions,
+        IrBlockRange range,
+        IrReachingDefinition[] entry)
+    {
+        var definitions = (IrReachingDefinition[])entry.Clone();
+        foreach (var instruction in instructions)
+        {
+            if (instruction.Pc < range.StartPc || instruction.Pc >= range.EndPc)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            ApplyDefinitions(instruction, definitions);
+        }
+
+        return definitions;
+    }
+
+    public const uint VccLo = 106;
+
+    public const uint VccHi = 107;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// VOPC compares and the VOP2 carry forms write VCC without naming it: the ISA
+    /// makes the destination implicit in the encoding, so the decoded instruction
+    /// carries no destination operand for it. Modelling that here (rather than in
+    /// the shared decoder) keeps the linear evaluator's behaviour untouched while
+    /// letting the dataflow see that VCC was written.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool WritesVccImplicitly(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction)
+    {
+        if (instruction.Encoding == Gen5ShaderEncoding.Vopc)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return instruction.Encoding == Gen5ShaderEncoding.Vop2 &&
+            instruction.Opcode is
+                "VAddCoCiU32" or
+                "VSubCoCiU32" or
+                "VSubrevCoCiU32";
+    }
+
+    private static void ApplyDefinitions(
+        Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+        IrReachingDefinition[] definitions)
+    {
+        foreach (var destination in instruction.Destinations)
+        {
+            if (destination.Kind != Gen5OperandKind.ScalarRegister ||
+                destination.Value >= ScalarRegisterCount)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            definitions[destination.Value] = IrReachingDefinition.At(instruction.Pc);
+        }
+
+        if (WritesVccImplicitly(instruction))
+        {
+            definitions[VccLo] = IrReachingDefinition.At(instruction.Pc);
+            definitions[VccHi] = IrReachingDefinition.At(instruction.Pc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool SameState(IrScalarValue[] left, IrScalarValue[] right)
+    {
+        for (var index = 0; index < left.Length; index++)
+        {
+            if (!left[index].Equals(right[index]))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static IrScalarValue[] Transfer(
+        IReadOnlyList<Gen5ShaderInstruction> instructions,
+        IrBlockRange range,
+        IrScalarValue[] entry)
+    {
+        var state = (IrScalarValue[])entry.Clone();
+        foreach (var instruction in instructions)
+        {
+            if (instruction.Pc < range.StartPc || instruction.Pc >= range.EndPc)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Apply(instruction, state);
+        }
+
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    private static void Apply(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction, IrScalarValue[] state)
+    {
+        var resolved = ResolveResult(instruction, state);
+        foreach (var destination in instruction.Destinations)
+        {
+            if (destination.Kind != Gen5OperandKind.ScalarRegister ||
+                destination.Value >= ScalarRegisterCount)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            state[destination.Value] = resolved;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static IrScalarValue ResolveResult(
+        Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+        IrScalarValue[] state)
+    {
+        if (instruction.Destinations.Count != 1)
+        {
+            return IrScalarValue.Unknown;
+        }
+
+        return instruction.Opcode switch
+        {
+            "SMov" or "SMovB32" => Source(instruction, state, 0),
+            _ => IrScalarValue.Unknown,
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static IrScalarValue Source(
+        Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+        IrScalarValue[] state,
+        int index)
+    {
+        if (index >= instruction.Sources.Count)
+        {
+            return IrScalarValue.Unknown;
+        }
+
+        var source = instruction.Sources[index];
+        return source.Kind switch
+        {
+            Gen5OperandKind.ScalarRegister when source.Value < ScalarRegisterCount =>
+                state[source.Value],
+            Gen5OperandKind.LiteralConstant => IrScalarValue.FromConstant(source.Value),
+            _ => IrScalarValue.Unknown,
+        };
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/Ir/IrControlFlow.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Ir;
+
+public readonly record struct IrBlockRange(uint StartPc, uint EndPc);
+
+public sealed class IrControlFlowGraph
+{
+    private IrControlFlowGraph(
+        IReadOnlyList<IrBlockRange> blocks,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, int> blockByStartPc,
+        IReadOnlyList<IReadOnlyList<int>> successors,
+        IReadOnlyList<IReadOnlyList<int>> predecessors,
+        IReadOnlySet<int> loopHeaders)
+    {
+        Blocks = blocks;
+        BlockByStartPc = blockByStartPc;
+        Successors = successors;
+        Predecessors = predecessors;
+        LoopHeaders = loopHeaders;
+    }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<IrBlockRange> Blocks { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, int> BlockByStartPc { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<IReadOnlyList<int>> Successors { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<IReadOnlyList<int>> Predecessors { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlySet<int> LoopHeaders { get; }
+
+    public bool HasControlFlow => Blocks.Count > 1;
+
+    public static IrControlFlowGraph Build(
+        IReadOnlyList<Gen5ShaderInstruction> instructions,
+        IIrBranchResolver resolver)
+    {
+        var leaders = new SortedSet<uint>();
+        if (instructions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            leaders.Add(instructions[0].Pc);
+        }
+
+        for (var index = 0; index < instructions.Count; index++)
+        {
+            var instruction = instructions[index];
+            if (!resolver.IsBranch(instruction))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (resolver.TryGetBranchTarget(instruction, out var target))
+            {
+                leaders.Add(target);
+            }
+
+            if (index + 1 < instructions.Count)
+            {
+                leaders.Add(instructions[index + 1].Pc);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var ordered = leaders.ToList();
+        var ranges = new List<IrBlockRange>(ordered.Count);
+        var byStart = new Dictionary<uint, int>();
+        for (var index = 0; index < ordered.Count; index++)
+        {
+            var start = ordered[index];
+            var end = index + 1 < ordered.Count
+                ? ordered[index + 1]
+                : instructions.Count > 0 ? instructions[^1].Pc + 1 : start;
+            byStart[start] = ranges.Count;
+            ranges.Add(new IrBlockRange(start, end));
+        }
+
+        var successors = new List<List<int>>(ranges.Count);
+        var predecessors = new List<List<int>>(ranges.Count);
+        for (var index = 0; index < ranges.Count; index++)
+        {
+            successors.Add([]);
+            predecessors.Add([]);
+        }
+
+        for (var blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < ranges.Count; blockIndex++)
+        {
+            var range = ranges[blockIndex];
+            var last = instructions
+                .Where(candidate => candidate.Pc >= range.StartPc && candidate.Pc < range.EndPc)
+                .LastOrDefault();
+            if (last is null)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var isBranch = resolver.IsBranch(last);
+            var hasTarget = isBranch && resolver.TryGetBranchTarget(last, out var target) &&
+                byStart.TryGetValue(target, out var targetIndex);
+            if (hasTarget)
+            {
+                _ = resolver.TryGetBranchTarget(last, out var resolved);
+                Link(successors, predecessors, blockIndex, byStart[resolved]);
+            }
+
+            var fallsThrough = !isBranch || resolver.IsConditional(last);
+            if (fallsThrough && blockIndex + 1 < ranges.Count)
+            {
+                Link(successors, predecessors, blockIndex, blockIndex + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var headers = new HashSet<int>();
+        for (var blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < ranges.Count; blockIndex++)
+        {
+            foreach (var successor in successors[blockIndex])
+            {
+                if (successor <= blockIndex)
+                {
+                    headers.Add(successor);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new IrControlFlowGraph(
+            ranges,
+            byStart,
+            successors.Select(list => (IReadOnlyList<int>)list).ToList(),
+            predecessors.Select(list => (IReadOnlyList<int>)list).ToList(),
+            headers);
+    }
+
+    private static void Link(
+        List<List<int>> successors,
+        List<List<int>> predecessors,
+        int from,
+        int to)
+    {
+        if (!successors[from].Contains(to))
+        {
+            successors[from].Add(to);
+        }
+
+        if (!predecessors[to].Contains(from))
+        {
+            predecessors[to].Add(from);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+public interface IIrBranchResolver
+{
+    bool IsBranch(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction);
+
+    bool IsConditional(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction);
+
+    bool TryGetBranchTarget(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction, out uint targetPc);
+}

tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/GUI/LibraryTileCollectionTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.GUI;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Collections.Specialized;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.GUI;
+
+public sealed class LibraryTileCollectionTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void KeepsAddFolderTileAfterVisibleGames()
+    {
+        var games = new ObservableCollection<GameEntry>();
+        var tiles = new LibraryTileCollection(games);
+        var first = CreateGame("First");
+        var second = CreateGame("Second");
+
+        games.Add(first);
+        games.Add(second);
+
+        Assert.Equal(3, tiles.Count);
+        Assert.True(tiles is IList { IsReadOnly: true });
+        Assert.Same(first, tiles[0]);
+        Assert.Same(second, tiles[1]);
+        Assert.Same(AddFolderTile.Instance, tiles[2]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ForwardsGameChangesAtTheirOriginalIndices()
+    {
+        var games = new ObservableCollection<GameEntry>();
+        var tiles = new LibraryTileCollection(games);
+        NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs? change = null;
+        tiles.CollectionChanged += (_, args) => change = args;
+
+        var game = CreateGame("Game");
+        games.Add(game);
+
+        Assert.NotNull(change);
+        Assert.Equal(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add, change.Action);
+        Assert.Equal(0, change.NewStartingIndex);
+        Assert.Same(game, Assert.Single(change.NewItems!.Cast<GameEntry>()));
+        Assert.Same(AddFolderTile.Instance, tiles[1]);
+    }
+
+    private static GameEntry CreateGame(string name) =>
+        new(name, null, null, $"/games/{name}/eboot.bin", 0, null, null);
+}

tests/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests/Gen5ImplicitVccTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Ir;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests;
+
+public sealed class Gen5ImplicitVccTests
+{
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Vopc(uint pc, string opcode = "VCmpEqU32") =>
+        new(pc, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Vopc, opcode, [0u], [], [], null);
+
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Vop2(uint pc, string opcode) =>
+        new(pc, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Vop2, opcode, [0u], [], [Gen5Operand.Vector(0)], null);
+
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Nop(uint pc) =>
+        new(pc, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sop1, "SNop", [0u], [], [], null);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void VopcIsRecognisedAsAnImplicitVccWriter()
+    {
+        Assert.True(Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(Vopc(0)));
+        Assert.True(Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(Vopc(0, "VCmpLtF32")));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Vop2CarryFormsAreRecognised()
+    {
+        Assert.True(Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(Vop2(0, "VAddCoCiU32")));
+        Assert.True(Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(Vop2(0, "VSubCoCiU32")));
+        Assert.True(Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(Vop2(0, "VSubrevCoCiU32")));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PlainVop2DoesNotWriteVcc()
+    {
+        Assert.False(Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(Vop2(0, "VAddF32")));
+        Assert.False(Gen5ScalarSsa.WritesVccImplicitly(Nop(0)));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void VopcDefinesBothVccHalves()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program = [Vopc(0), Nop(4)];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        var low = ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(4, Gen5ScalarSsa.VccLo);
+        var high = ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(4, Gen5ScalarSsa.VccHi);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Single, low.State);
+        Assert.Equal(0u, low.DefinitionPc);
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Single, high.State);
+        Assert.Equal(0u, high.DefinitionPc);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithoutTheImplicitWriteVccWouldLookUndefined()
+    {
+        // The regression this models: before implicit VCC was tracked the offset
+        // register reported "none" and its stale value was used as a byte offset.
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program = [Nop(0), Nop(4)];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.None, ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(4, Gen5ScalarSsa.VccLo).State);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void VccWrittenOnBothBranchesBecomesMultiple()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            new(0, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sopp, "SCbranchScc0", [2u], [], [], null),
+            Vopc(4),
+            new(8, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sopp, "SBranch", [1u], [], [], null),
+            Vopc(12),
+            Nop(16),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.Equal(
+            IrReachingState.Multiple,
+            ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(16, Gen5ScalarSsa.VccLo).State);
+    }
+}

tests/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests/Gen5ReachingDefinitionTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Ir;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests;
+
+public sealed class Gen5ReachingDefinitionTests
+{
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Load(uint pc, uint destination) =>
+        new(
+            pc,
+            Gen5ShaderEncoding.Smem,
+            "SLoadDwordx4",
+            [0u, 0u],
+            [Gen5Operand.Scalar(0)],
+            [Gen5Operand.Scalar(destination)],
+            null);
+
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Nop(uint pc) =>
+        new(pc, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sop1, "SNop", [0u], [], [], null);
+
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Branch(uint pc, string opcode, short wordOffset) =>
+        new(
+            pc,
+            Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sopp,
+            opcode,
+            [unchecked((uint)(ushort)wordOffset)],
+            [],
+            [],
+            null);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SingleDefinitionIsTracked()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program = [Load(0, 16), Nop(4)];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+        var reaching = ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(4, 16);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Single, reaching.State);
+        Assert.Equal(0u, reaching.DefinitionPc);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TwoDefinitionsOnDifferentPathsBecomeMultiple()
+    {
+        // The case that produced garbage descriptors: the same register is
+        // written on both sides of a branch and read after the join.
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Branch(0, "SCbranchScc0", 2),
+            Load(4, 16),
+            Branch(8, "SBranch", 1),
+            Load(12, 16),
+            Nop(16),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Multiple, ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(16, 16).State);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void DefinitionOnOnlyOnePathIsAlsoMultipleAtTheJoin()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Load(0, 16),
+            Branch(4, "SCbranchScc0", 1),
+            Load(8, 16),
+            Nop(12),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Multiple, ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(12, 16).State);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void DefinitionBeforeTheBranchStaysSingle()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Load(0, 16),
+            Branch(4, "SCbranchScc0", 1),
+            Load(8, 16),
+            Nop(12),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+        var reaching = ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(4, 16);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Single, reaching.State);
+        Assert.Equal(0u, reaching.DefinitionPc);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void UserDataCountsAsADefinition()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program = [Nop(0)];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: [0x1111, 0x2222]);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Single, ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(0, 0).State);
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.None, ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(0, 64).State);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void UnwrittenRegisterHasNoDefinition()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program = [Load(0, 16), Nop(4)];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.None, ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(4, 32).State);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ReachingDefinitionSeesLoadsThatConstantPropagationCannot()
+    {
+        // The whole point of the second analysis: SLoadDwordx4 has no compile-time
+        // value, so constant propagation reports Unknown and never Merged. Reaching
+        // definitions still proves the register has two possible writers.
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Branch(0, "SCbranchScc0", 2),
+            Load(4, 16),
+            Branch(8, "SBranch", 1),
+            Load(12, 16),
+            Nop(16),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Unknown, ssa.GetScalarAt(16, 16).State);
+        Assert.Equal(IrReachingState.Multiple, ssa.GetReachingDefinitionAt(16, 16).State);
+    }
+}

tests/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests/Gen5ScalarSsaTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Ir;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests;
+
+public sealed class Gen5ScalarSsaTests
+{
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Mov(uint pc, uint destination, uint literal) =>
+        new(
+            pc,
+            Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sop1,
+            "SMov",
+            [0u],
+            [new Gen5Operand(Gen5OperandKind.LiteralConstant, literal)],
+            [Gen5Operand.Scalar(destination)],
+            null);
+
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Nop(uint pc) =>
+        new(pc, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sop1, "SNop", [0u], [], [], null);
+
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Branch(uint pc, string opcode, short wordOffset) =>
+        new(
+            pc,
+            Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sopp,
+            opcode,
+            [unchecked((uint)(ushort)wordOffset)],
+            [],
+            [],
+            null);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void StraightLineMovResolvesToAConstant()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Mov(0, destination: 8, literal: 0x1234),
+            Nop(4),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+        var value = ssa.GetScalarAt(4, 8);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Constant, value.State);
+        Assert.Equal(0x1234u, value.Constant);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void UserDataSeedsTheEntryState()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program = [Nop(0)];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: [0x40F55240, 0x00000004]);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Constant, ssa.GetScalarAt(0, 0).State);
+        Assert.Equal(0x40F55240u, ssa.GetScalarAt(0, 0).Constant);
+        Assert.Equal(0x00000004u, ssa.GetScalarAt(0, 1).Constant);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ConflictingValuesFromTwoPathsBecomeMerged()
+    {
+        // if (cc) s8 = 0xAAAA else s8 = 0xBBBB; use s8
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Branch(0, "SCbranchScc0", 2),
+            Mov(4, destination: 8, literal: 0xAAAA),
+            Branch(8, "SBranch", 1),
+            Mov(12, destination: 8, literal: 0xBBBB),
+            Nop(16),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.True(ssa.Graph.HasControlFlow);
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Merged, ssa.GetScalarAt(16, 8).State);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SameValueOnBothPathsStaysResolved()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Branch(0, "SCbranchScc0", 2),
+            Mov(4, destination: 8, literal: 0xCAFE),
+            Branch(8, "SBranch", 1),
+            Mov(12, destination: 8, literal: 0xCAFE),
+            Nop(16),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+        var value = ssa.GetScalarAt(16, 8);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Constant, value.State);
+        Assert.Equal(0xCAFEu, value.Constant);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void RegisterWrittenOnOnlyOnePathIsMergedAtTheJoin()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Mov(0, destination: 8, literal: 0x1111),
+            Branch(4, "SCbranchScc0", 1),
+            Mov(8, destination: 8, literal: 0x2222),
+            Nop(12),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Merged, ssa.GetScalarAt(12, 8).State);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ValueBeforeTheBranchIsStillResolved()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Mov(0, destination: 8, literal: 0x1111),
+            Branch(4, "SCbranchScc0", 1),
+            Mov(8, destination: 8, literal: 0x2222),
+            Nop(12),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+        var value = ssa.GetScalarAt(4, 8);
+
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Constant, value.State);
+        Assert.Equal(0x1111u, value.Constant);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void MergeJoinIsReportedForDivergentBlocks()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Branch(0, "SCbranchScc0", 1),
+            Mov(4, destination: 8, literal: 1),
+            Nop(8),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.True(ssa.IsInsideDivergentMerge(8));
+        Assert.False(ssa.IsInsideDivergentMerge(0));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void LoopDoesNotHangTheFixpoint()
+    {
+        List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> program =
+        [
+            Mov(0, destination: 8, literal: 1),
+            Nop(4),
+            Branch(8, "SCbranchScc1", -3),
+            Nop(12),
+        ];
+
+        var ssa = Gen5ScalarSsa.Build(program, userData: []);
+
+        Assert.NotEmpty(ssa.Graph.LoopHeaders);
+        Assert.Equal(IrScalarState.Constant, ssa.GetScalarAt(12, 8).State);
+    }
+}

tests/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests/IrControlFlowTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Ir;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Tests;
+
+public sealed class IrControlFlowTests
+{
+    private sealed class Resolver : IIrBranchResolver
+    {
+        public Dictionary<uint, (bool Conditional, uint Target)> Branches { get; } = [];
+
+        public bool IsBranch(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction) =>
+            Branches.ContainsKey(instruction.Pc);
+
+        public bool IsConditional(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction) =>
+            Branches.TryGetValue(instruction.Pc, out var branch) && branch.Conditional;
+
+        public bool TryGetBranchTarget(Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction, out uint targetPc)
+        {
+            if (Branches.TryGetValue(instruction.Pc, out var branch))
+            {
+                targetPc = branch.Target;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            targetPc = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Gen5ShaderInstruction Instruction(uint pc) =>
+        new(pc, Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sop1, "SMov", [], [], [], null);
+
+    private static List<Gen5ShaderInstruction> Straight(params uint[] pcs)
+    {
+        var list = new List<Gen5ShaderInstruction>();
+        foreach (var pc in pcs)
+        {
+            list.Add(Instruction(pc));
+        }
+
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void StraightLineCodeIsASingleBlock()
+    {
+        var instructions = Straight(0, 4, 8, 12);
+
+        var cfg = IrControlFlowGraph.Build(instructions, new Resolver());
+
+        Assert.Single(cfg.Blocks);
+        Assert.False(cfg.HasControlFlow);
+        Assert.Empty(cfg.LoopHeaders);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ConditionalBranchSplitsIntoThreeBlocks()
+    {
+        var instructions = Straight(0, 4, 8, 12, 16);
+        var resolver = new Resolver();
+        resolver.Branches[4] = (Conditional: true, Target: 12);
+
+        var cfg = IrControlFlowGraph.Build(instructions, resolver);
+
+        Assert.Equal(3, cfg.Blocks.Count);
+        Assert.True(cfg.HasControlFlow);
+
+        var entry = cfg.BlockByStartPc[0];
+        var fallthrough = cfg.BlockByStartPc[8];
+        var target = cfg.BlockByStartPc[12];
+
+        Assert.Contains(target, cfg.Successors[entry]);
+        Assert.Contains(fallthrough, cfg.Successors[entry]);
+        Assert.Contains(entry, cfg.Predecessors[target]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void UnconditionalBranchDoesNotFallThrough()
+    {
+        var instructions = Straight(0, 4, 8, 12);
+        var resolver = new Resolver();
+        resolver.Branches[4] = (Conditional: false, Target: 12);
+
+        var cfg = IrControlFlowGraph.Build(instructions, resolver);
+
+        var entry = cfg.BlockByStartPc[0];
+        var skipped = cfg.BlockByStartPc[8];
+        var target = cfg.BlockByStartPc[12];
+
+        Assert.Equal([target], cfg.Successors[entry]);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain(skipped, cfg.Successors[entry]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void BackwardBranchMarksALoopHeader()
+    {
+        var instructions = Straight(0, 4, 8, 12);
+        var resolver = new Resolver();
+        resolver.Branches[8] = (Conditional: true, Target: 4);
+
+        var cfg = IrControlFlowGraph.Build(instructions, resolver);
+
+        var header = cfg.BlockByStartPc[4];
+        Assert.Contains(header, cfg.LoopHeaders);
+        Assert.Contains(header, cfg.Successors[cfg.BlockByStartPc[4]]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void MergeBlockRecordsBothPredecessors()
+    {
+        var instructions = Straight(0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20);
+        var resolver = new Resolver();
+        resolver.Branches[0] = (Conditional: true, Target: 12);
+        resolver.Branches[8] = (Conditional: false, Target: 16);
+
+        var cfg = IrControlFlowGraph.Build(instructions, resolver);
+
+        var merge = cfg.BlockByStartPc[16];
+        Assert.Equal(2, cfg.Predecessors[merge].Count);
+    }
+}