Update contribution guidelines to enforce pull request template

Emphasize the importance of using the pull request template and outline consequences for non-compliance.
ci: rebuild the website when a release is published (#312 )
2026-07-26 04:39:17 +08:00 · 2026-07-17 13:52:07 +03:00 · 2026-07-17 05:36:59 +02:00 · 2026-07-17 05:17:18 +03:00 · 2026-07-17 05:00:22 +03:00 · 2026-07-17 04:51:09 +03:00
208 changed files with 52384 additions and 13762 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!--
+Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+-->
+
+## Before submitting
+
+Please read our contribution guidelines before opening a pull request:
+
+➡️ [**CONTRIBUTING.md**](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+
+By opening this pull request, you confirm that you have read and agree to follow the contribution guidelines.
+
+## Checklist
+By submitting this PR, you confirm that:
+
+- [ ] I have read `CONTRIBUTING.md`.
+- [ ] I tested my changes.
+- [ ] I wrote this description myself and did not copy AI-generated explanations.
+- [ ] I listed the game(s) I tested, if applicable.
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+# Tells the website repo to rebuild when a release is published, so
+# sharpemu.app/downloads lists the new build within a minute.
+name: Notify website
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published, released, edited, deleted]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  dispatch:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Trigger sharpemu-site rebuild
+        env:
+          TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SITE_DISPATCH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          if [ -z "$TOKEN" ]; then
+            echo "SITE_DISPATCH_TOKEN is not set — skipping website rebuild."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          curl -fsS -X POST \
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/sharpemu/sharpemu-site/dispatches \
+            -d '{"event_type":"release-published"}'
+          echo "Website rebuild requested."
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+# Posts (and keeps updated) a single PR comment linking the per-platform build
+# artifacts once "Build and Release" finishes.
+#
+# This is a workflow_run workflow on purpose: PRs from forks run "Build and
+# Release" with a read-only GITHUB_TOKEN and cannot comment. workflow_run runs
+# afterwards in the base-repo context with a read-write token and does not check
+# out untrusted fork code, so it can comment safely. Because of that, GitHub only
+# triggers it from the copy on the default branch — it does nothing until merged
+# to main.
+name: PR Build Links
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Build and Release"]
+    types:
+      - completed
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  comment:
+    name: Post artifact links
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Only for successful PR builds — artifacts exist only when the build passed.
+    if: >-
+      github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success'
+    steps:
+      - name: Post or update the artifact-links comment
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const run = context.payload.workflow_run;
+            const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
+
+            // Resolve the PR. Same-repo PRs are in workflow_run.pull_requests, but
+            // fork PRs leave it empty AND their head commit is not on a base-repo
+            // branch, so listPullRequestsAssociatedWithCommit misses them too. Match
+            // the open PR by its head "owner:branch" instead, which works for forks.
+            let prNumber;
+            if (run.pull_requests && run.pull_requests.length > 0) {
+              prNumber = run.pull_requests[0].number;
+            } else {
+              let candidates = [];
+              const headOwner = run.head_repository && run.head_repository.owner
+                ? run.head_repository.owner.login
+                : null;
+              if (headOwner && run.head_branch) {
+                const byHead = await github.rest.pulls.list({
+                  owner, repo, state: 'open',
+                  head: `${headOwner}:${run.head_branch}`, per_page: 10,
+                });
+                candidates = byHead.data;
+              }
+              if (candidates.length === 0) {
+                const byCommit = await github.rest.repos.listPullRequestsAssociatedWithCommit({
+                  owner, repo, commit_sha: run.head_sha,
+                });
+                candidates = byCommit.data.filter(pr => pr.state === 'open');
+              }
+              if (candidates.length === 0) {
+                core.info('No open PR for this build; nothing to comment.');
+                return;
+              }
+              prNumber = candidates[0].number;
+            }
+
+            // Collect the per-platform artifacts the build produced.
+            const artifacts = await github.paginate(
+              github.rest.actions.listWorkflowRunArtifacts,
+              { owner, repo, run_id: run.id, per_page: 100 },
+            );
+            const platforms = [
+              { key: 'win-x64', label: 'Windows (win-x64)' },
+              { key: 'linux-x64', label: 'Linux (linux-x64)' },
+              { key: 'osx-x64', label: 'macOS (osx-x64)' },
+            ];
+            const rows = [];
+            for (const platform of platforms) {
+              const artifact = artifacts.find(a => a.name.includes(platform.key));
+              if (!artifact) {
+                continue;
+              }
+              const url = `https://github.com/${owner}/${repo}/actions/runs/${run.id}/artifacts/${artifact.id}`;
+              rows.push(`| ${platform.label} | [\`${artifact.name}\`](${url}) |`);
+            }
+            if (rows.length === 0) {
+              core.info('No platform artifacts on this run; nothing to comment.');
+              return;
+            }
+
+            const marker = '<!-- pr-build-links -->';
+            const body = [
+              marker,
+              `### 📦 Build artifacts — \`${run.head_sha.substring(0, 7)}\``,
+              '',
+              '| Platform | Download |',
+              '| --- | --- |',
+              ...rows,
+              '',
+              `From [build run #${run.run_number}](${run.html_url}). ` +
+                'Downloads require a GitHub login and expire after 90 days.',
+            ].join('\n');
+
+            // Upsert one comment so repeated builds refresh it in place.
+            const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, {
+              owner, repo, issue_number: prNumber, per_page: 100,
+            });
+            const existing = comments.find(c => c.body && c.body.includes(marker));
+            if (existing) {
+              await github.rest.issues.updateComment({ owner, repo, comment_id: existing.id, body });
+            } else {
+              await github.rest.issues.createComment({ owner, repo, issue_number: prNumber, body });
+            }
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ on:
  push:
    branches:
      - "**"
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
    paths-ignore:
      - "**/*.md"
      - "**/*.png"
@@ -34,29 +36,36 @@ jobs:
    name: Init
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
-      archive-name: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.archive-name }}
-      artifact-name: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.artifact-name }}
      release-name: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.release-name }}
      release-tag: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.release-tag }}
+      safe-ref: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.safe-ref }}
      short-sha: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.short-sha }}
+      version: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.version }}
    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
      - name: Compute workflow variables
        id: vars
        shell: bash
        run: |
          short_sha="${GITHUB_SHA::7}"
          safe_ref="$(echo "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | sed 's#[^a-z0-9._-]#-#g')"
-          archive_name="sharpemu-win64-${short_sha}.zip"
-          artifact_name="sharpemu-win64-${short_sha}"
-          release_tag="win64-${safe_ref}-${short_sha}"
-          release_name="SharpEmu win64 ${short_sha}"
+          version="$(python3 -c 'import sys, xml.etree.ElementTree as ET; version = ET.parse("Directory.Build.props").getroot().findtext(".//SharpEmuVersion"); sys.exit("Directory.Build.props is missing SharpEmuVersion") if not version or not version.strip() else print(version.strip())')"
+          release_tag="v${version}"
+          release_name="SharpEmu v${version}"
+
+          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_TYPE}" = "tag" ] && [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "${release_tag}" ]; then
+            echo "Release tag ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} does not match project version ${release_tag}." >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi

          {
            echo "short-sha=${short_sha}"
-            echo "archive-name=${archive_name}"
-            echo "artifact-name=${artifact_name}"
+            echo "safe-ref=${safe_ref}"
            echo "release-tag=${release_tag}"
            echo "release-name=${release_name}"
+            echo "version=${version}"
          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

  reuse:
@@ -92,14 +101,20 @@ jobs:
          cache: true
          cache-dependency-path: |
            Directory.Packages.props
-            src/**/packages.lock.json
+            Directory.Build.props

      - name: Restore solution
-        run: dotnet restore SharpEmu.slnx --locked-mode
+        run: dotnet restore SharpEmu.slnx

      - name: Build solution
        run: dotnet build SharpEmu.slnx -c Release --no-restore

+      # Runs every test project in the solution; a test failure fails the build, as
+      # does an aerolib.bin generation failure in the build step above (the MSBuild
+      # task logs an error and returns false).
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: dotnet test SharpEmu.slnx -c Release --no-build --verbosity normal
+
      - name: Validate synthetic shaders
        run: dotnet run --project tools/SharpEmu.Tools.ShaderDump/SharpEmu.Tools.ShaderDump.csproj -c Release -- artifacts/shader-dump

@@ -110,7 +125,8 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $env:RELEASE_DIR -Force | Out-Null

-          $archivePath = Join-Path $env:RELEASE_DIR "${{ needs.init.outputs.archive-name }}"
+          $archiveName = "sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-win-x64.zip"
+          $archivePath = Join-Path $env:RELEASE_DIR $archiveName
          if (Test-Path $archivePath) {
            Remove-Item $archivePath -Force
          }
@@ -120,8 +136,72 @@ jobs:
      - name: Upload build artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
-          name: ${{ needs.init.outputs.artifact-name }}
-          path: ${{ env.RELEASE_DIR }}\${{ needs.init.outputs.archive-name }}
+          name: sharpemu-win-x64-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
+          path: ${{ env.RELEASE_DIR }}\sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-win-x64.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  build-posix:
+    name: Build ${{ matrix.rid }}
+    needs:
+      - init
+      - reuse
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            rid: linux-x64
+          - os: macos-latest
+            rid: osx-x64
+    env:
+      DOTNET_NOLOGO: true
+      NUGET_PACKAGES: ${{ github.workspace }}/.nuget/packages
+      PUBLISH_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/artifacts/publish/${{ matrix.rid }}
+      RELEASE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/artifacts/release
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup .NET SDK
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: 10.0.103
+          cache: true
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            Directory.Packages.props
+            Directory.Build.props
+
+      - name: Restore solution
+        run: dotnet restore SharpEmu.slnx
+
+      - name: Build solution
+        run: dotnet build SharpEmu.slnx -c Release --no-restore
+
+      # Also runs on Linux/macOS: the aerolib.bin MSBuild task does platform-sensitive
+      # path handling, so a cross-platform generation regression surfaces here.
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: dotnet test SharpEmu.slnx -c Release --no-build --verbosity normal
+
+      - name: Publish ${{ matrix.rid }} CLI
+        run: dotnet publish src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj -c Release -r ${{ matrix.rid }} --self-contained true --no-restore -p:PublishDir="$PUBLISH_DIR"
+
+      - name: Stage MoltenVK next to the build
+        if: matrix.rid == 'osx-x64'
+        run: scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh "$PUBLISH_DIR"
+
+      - name: Create release archive
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "$RELEASE_DIR"
+          # tar keeps the executable bit, which zip would drop.
+          tar -czf "$RELEASE_DIR/sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-${{ matrix.rid }}.tar.gz" \
+            -C "$PUBLISH_DIR" .
+
+      - name: Upload build artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sharpemu-${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
+          path: ${{ env.RELEASE_DIR }}/sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-${{ matrix.rid }}.tar.gz
          if-no-files-found: error

  release:
@@ -129,35 +209,42 @@ jobs:
    needs:
      - init
      - build
-    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main')
+      - build-posix
+    # Versioned releases are immutable and tag-driven. Branch and manual runs
+    # still produce Actions artifacts without modifying a published release.
+    if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: write
    steps:
-      - name: Download build artifact
+      - name: Download build artifacts
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
-          name: ${{ needs.init.outputs.artifact-name }}
          path: release

-      - name: Create or update release
+      - name: Create release
        shell: bash
        env:
-          ARCHIVE_NAME: ${{ needs.init.outputs.archive-name }}
          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          RELEASE_NAME: ${{ needs.init.outputs.release-name }}
          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ needs.init.outputs.release-tag }}
+          VERSION: ${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}
        run: |
-          asset_path="release/${ARCHIVE_NAME}"
-          notes="Automated Windows build for commit ${GITHUB_SHA}."
+          mapfile -t assets < <(find release -type f \( -name '*.zip' -o -name '*.tar.gz' \) | sort)
+          if [ "${#assets[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+            echo "No release assets found." >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          notes="Automated SharpEmu v${VERSION} build for commit ${GITHUB_SHA}."

          if gh release view "${RELEASE_TAG}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-            gh release upload "${RELEASE_TAG}" "${asset_path}" --clobber
-            gh release edit "${RELEASE_TAG}" --title "${RELEASE_NAME}" --notes "${notes}"
-          else
-            gh release create "${RELEASE_TAG}" "${asset_path}" \
-              --title "${RELEASE_NAME}" \
-              --notes "${notes}" \
-              --target "${GITHUB_SHA}"
+            echo "Release ${RELEASE_TAG} already exists and will not be modified." >&2
+            exit 1
          fi
+
+          gh release create "${RELEASE_TAG}" "${assets[@]}" \
+            --verify-tag \
+            --title "${RELEASE_NAME}" \
+            --notes "${notes}"
@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

 # Contributing

+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> The pull request template is mandatory.
+>
+> Pull requests that do not follow the template or leave the required checklist incomplete will be closed without review, even if the proposed code is technically correct or beneficial. Please review these contribution guidelines before submitting a pull request.
+
 Contributions are always welcome!

 Before opening a pull request, please keep the following in mind:
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
-    <RestorePackagesWithLockFile>true</RestorePackagesWithLockFile>
+    <SharpEmuVersion>0.0.2-beta.2</SharpEmuVersion>
+    <Version>$(SharpEmuVersion)</Version>

    <RepoRoot>$([MSBuild]::NormalizeDirectory('$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)'))</RepoRoot>

@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Fonts.Inter" Version="11.3.18" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Themes.Fluent" Version="11.3.18" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Iced" Version="1.21.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Build.Framework" Version="17.14.8" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers" Version="3.11.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp" Version="4.12.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.14.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Input" Version="2.23.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.23.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.23.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.23.0" />
@@ -22,4 +26,4 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <PackageVersion Include="xunit" Version="2.9.3" />
    <PackageVersion Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.1.1" />
  </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

 ---

-> [!WARNING]  
-> Currently the primary development target is Windows.
+> [!NOTE]  
+> SharpEmu supports Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS x64. Apple Silicon Macs
+> can run the macOS x64 build through Rosetta 2.

 > [!WARNING]  
 > SharpEmu is an experimental PS5 emulator developed from scratch in C#. The current focus is on accuracy and infrastructure setup rather than game-specific compatibility.
@@ -40,6 +41,16 @@ This project is developed purely for research and educational purposes. There ar
 SharpEmu focuses exclusively on the PlayStation 5.  
 Our goal is **not** to emulate PS4 games, as there is already an excellent emulator dedicated to that platform: **ShadPS4**.

+## Games Tested
+
+|               Demons Souls Remake                   |                     Dreaming Sarah                         |
+| :-----------------------------------------------------------: | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
+| ![Bloodborne screenshot](./.github/images/demons-souls.jpg) | ![Dreaming Sarah](./.github/images/dreaming-sarah.jpg) |
+
+|                  Void Terrarium                     |                 Dead Cells                    |
+| :------------------------------------------------------------------------: | :------------------------------------------------------------------: |
+| ![Void Terrarium](./.github/images/void-terrarium.jpg) | ![Dead Cells](./.github/images/dead-cells.jpg) |
+
 ## Status

 The emulator can currently load the `eboot.bin` of real games, execute native CPU instructions, and partially handle kernel-related functionality. However, several critical components are still missing.
@@ -59,33 +70,33 @@ Current capabilities include:

 Some games have reached like `sceVideoOut` and AGC stages.

-Currently the project primarily targets Windows. Cross-platform support (Linux and macOS) is planned, but development is currently focused on Windows to simplify early-stage debugging and iteration.
+SharpEmu supports Windows, Linux, and macOS hosts. Video output uses Vulkan on
+Windows and Linux, and MoltenVK on macOS. Platform support is still experimental,
+so compatibility and performance vary by game, operating system, and GPU driver.

 ## Using

-* Build or Publish project or download in release tab.
-* Open Powershell.
-  * Run Emulator GUI.
-  * Or command: `.\SharpEmu "eboot.bin" 2>&1 | Tee-Object -FilePath "log.txt"`
+Download the release archive for your operating system, extract it, and launch
+SharpEmu with the path to a legally obtained game's `eboot.bin`.

-## Games Tested
+Windows PowerShell:

-* **Demon's Souls Remake**
-  * [Demon's Souls [PPSA01341]](https://github.com/par274/sharpemu/issues/2)
-  * Demon's Souls is now video loop. Shaders are ready to be converted to SPIR-V/Vulkan. We are continuing our work on this.
-  ![DeS videoOut submit first frame](./.github/images/des-videoout-shaders.jpg)
+```powershell
+.\SharpEmu.exe "C:\path\to\game\eboot.bin" 2>&1 |
+  Tee-Object -FilePath "SharpEmu.log"
+```

-* **Poppy Playtime Chapter 1**
-  * [Poppy Playtime Chapter 1 [PPSA20591]](https://github.com/par274/sharpemu/issues/3)
+Linux and macOS:

-* **SILENT HILL: The Short Message**
-  * [SILENT HILL: The Short Message [PPSA10112]](https://github.com/par274/sharpemu/issues/4)
+```bash
+chmod +x ./SharpEmu

-* **Dreaming Sarah**
-  * [Dreaming Sarah [PPSA02929]](https://github.com/par274/sharpemu/issues/9)
-  * Real texture rendering for this game;
-  ![Splash texture](./.github/images/dreaming-sarah.jpg)
+./SharpEmu "/path/to/game/eboot.bin" 2>&1 |
+  tee SharpEmu.log
+```

+A Vulkan-capable GPU and current graphics driver are required. The macOS
+release includes the MoltenVK Vulkan implementation.

 > [!IMPORTANT]  
 > This project does **not** support or condone piracy.  
@@ -94,8 +105,8 @@ Currently the project primarily targets Windows. Cross-platform support (Linux a

 ## Build

-1. Install the **.NET SDK**.
-2. Clone the repository: `git clone https://github.com/par274/sharpemu.git`
+1. Install the .NET SDK version specified in [`global.json`](./global.json).
+2. Clone the repository: `git clone https://github.com/sharpemu/sharpemu.git`
 3. Open the solution file (`SharpEmu.slnx`) in **VSCode**.
 4. Build the project: `dotnet build` or `dotnet publish`
 5. Build artifacts will be located in the `artifacts` directory.
@@ -121,7 +132,7 @@ Provided valuable references for filesystem handling and low-level C# implementa

 # License

- [**GPL-2.0 license**](https://github.com/par274/sharpemu/blob/main/LICENSE)
+- [**GPL-2.0 license**](https://github.com/sharpemu/sharpemu/blob/main/LICENSE)

 ## Contributing

@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ path = [
    "REUSE.toml",
    "nuget.config",
    "global.json",
-    "**/packages.lock.json",
    "scripts/ps5_names.txt",
-    "src/SharpEmu.HLE/Aerolib/aerolib.bin",
    "src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/**",
    "_logs/**",
    ".github/images/**",
@@ -11,8 +11,12 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.HLE/SharpEmu.HLE.csproj" />
    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj" />
    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Logging/SharpEmu.Logging.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Vulkan/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Vulkan.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.csproj" />
  </Folder>
  <Folder Name="/tests/">
    <Project Path="tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="tests/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.Tests/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.Tests.csproj" />
  </Folder>
 </Solution>
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!--
+Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+-->
+
+# Bink 2 bridge
+
+Demon's Souls plays Bink 2 (.bk2) files through a Bink implementation linked
+directly into eboot.bin. It does not use libSceVideodec, therefore an HLE video
+decoder cannot observe or replace those frames.
+
+SharpEmu observes successful guest .bk2 opens and, when a Bink bridge is
+available, presents its decoded BGRA frames at the normal guest-flip boundary.
+This preserves the game's own timing and lets the host Vulkan presenter display
+the movie without trying to execute the PS5-specific Bink GPU decode path.
+
+Without an adapter, Bink movies are skipped by default: their open call returns
+not-found so games that mark cinematics as optional progress to their next
+state instead of waiting on an empty Bink GPU texture.
+
+Set SHARPEMU_BINK_MODE=dummy to retain the open and show a built-in,
+non-decoded placeholder frame. This requires no SDK, but is a visual diagnostic
+only; it does not decode the movie or alter its game logic. Set
+SHARPEMU_BINK_MODE=native to force native bridge mode.
+
+## Supplying the adapter
+
+Bink 2 is proprietary. Obtain a compatible Mac Bink 2 SDK from RAD Game Tools,
+then compile sharpemu_bink2_bridge.c against the SDK's bink.h and Mac library.
+The adapter deliberately contains only a three-function C ABI so the managed
+emulator never depends on RAD's private binary ABI.
+
+Place the resulting libsharpemu_bink2_bridge.dylib next to the SharpEmu
+executable, or point to it explicitly:
+
+    SHARPEMU_BINK2_BRIDGE=/absolute/path/libsharpemu_bink2_bridge.dylib \
+      ./SharpEmu /path/to/eboot.bin
+
+The expected exports are sharpemu_bink2_open_utf8,
+sharpemu_bink2_decode_next_bgra, and sharpemu_bink2_close. The supplied
+adapter opens one movie, exposes BGRA pixels, and advances after each decoded
+frame. The managed side validates dimensions and retains ownership of the
+destination buffer.
+
+If the bridge is absent in native mode, SharpEmu logs one informational line
+and retains the existing guest rendering path.
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+ *
+ * Build this small adapter with a licensed RAD Bink 2 SDK. The SDK and its
+ * headers are not distributed by SharpEmu. See docs/bink2-bridge.md.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "bink.h"
+
+typedef struct sharpemu_bink2_info {
+  uint32_t width;
+  uint32_t height;
+  uint32_t frames_per_second_numerator;
+  uint32_t frames_per_second_denominator;
+} sharpemu_bink2_info;
+
+int sharpemu_bink2_open_utf8(const char *path, HBINK *movie, sharpemu_bink2_info *info) {
+  HBINK bink;
+  if (!path || !movie || !info) return 0;
+
+  bink = BinkOpen(path, 0);
+  if (!bink) return 0;
+
+  *movie = bink;
+  info->width = bink->Width;
+  info->height = bink->Height;
+  info->frames_per_second_numerator = bink->FrameRate;
+  info->frames_per_second_denominator = bink->FrameRateDiv;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int sharpemu_bink2_decode_next_bgra(HBINK movie, uint8_t *destination,
+                                    uint32_t stride, uint32_t destination_bytes) {
+  uint64_t needed;
+  if (!movie || !destination || stride < movie->Width * 4) return 0;
+  needed = (uint64_t)stride * movie->Height;
+  if (needed > destination_bytes) return 0;
+
+  /* Async Bink I/O has not filled the next frame yet; retry on the next host present. */
+  if (BinkWait(movie)) return 0;
+  BinkDoFrame(movie);
+  BinkCopyToBuffer(movie, destination, stride, movie->Height, 0, 0, BINKSURFACE32RA);
+  BinkNextFrame(movie);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void sharpemu_bink2_close(HBINK movie) {
+  if (movie) BinkClose(movie);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<!--
+Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+-->
+
+## Release Script
+
+SharpEmu releases are prepared and published using `scripts/release.py`.
+
+The release process consists of two steps:
+
+1. Prepare the version bump through a pull request.
+2. Create and push the release tag after the pull request has been merged.
+
+### Preparing a Release
+
+Run:
+
+```bash
+python scripts/release.py prepare 0.0.2-beta.2
+```
+
+This command will:
+
+- Verify that the working tree is clean.
+- Update the local `main` branch.
+- Create a new branch named `release/0.0.2-beta.2`.
+- Update `SharpEmuVersion` in `Directory.Build.props`.
+- Create a version bump commit.
+- Push the release branch to the remote repository.
+
+Afterwards, open a pull request from:
+
+```text
+release/0.0.2-beta.2
+```
+
+into:
+
+```text
+main
+```
+
+### Publishing a Release
+
+Once the pull request has been merged, update your local repository:
+
+```bash
+git switch main
+git pull --ff-only
+```
+
+Then create and push the release tag:
+
+```bash
+python scripts/release.py tag 0.0.2-beta.2
+```
+
+This command will:
+
+- Verify that the working tree is clean.
+- Confirm that `Directory.Build.props` contains the requested version.
+- Create an annotated Git tag (`v0.0.2-beta.2`).
+- Push the tag to the remote repository.
+
+Pushing the tag automatically triggers the GitHub Release workflow.
+
+### Version Format
+
+Specify the version **without** the `v` prefix.
+
+Examples:
+
+```text
+0.0.2
+0.0.2-alpha.1
+0.0.2-beta.1
+0.0.2-beta.2
+0.0.2-rc.1
+```
+
+The script automatically prefixes the Git tag with `v`.
+
+### Notes
+
+- Run `prepare` only from the `main` branch.
+- Run `tag` only after the version bump pull request has been merged.
+- Do not create release tags manually before merging the version bump.
+- Both commands require a clean working tree.
+- The version in `Directory.Build.props` must exactly match the version passed to the `tag` command.
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-"""Offline check: SysAbiExport ExportName must hash to its Nid (name2nid).
-
-NIDs absent from aerolib.bin are skipped (unknown/unresolved symbols).
-Known historic mislabels may be allowlisted with a one-line reason.
-
-Run from the repository root:
-  python scripts/check_sysabi_aerolib.py
-  python scripts/check_sysabi_aerolib.py --strict
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-import hashlib
-import re
-import struct
-import sys
-from base64 import b64encode as base64enc
-from binascii import unhexlify as uhx
-from pathlib import Path
-
-SRC_ROOT = Path("src")
-AEROLIB_BIN = Path("src/SharpEmu.HLE/Aerolib/aerolib.bin")
-SYSABI_EXPORT_RE = re.compile(r"\[SysAbiExport\((.*?)\)\]", re.DOTALL)
-NID_RE = re.compile(r'Nid\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"')
-EXPORT_NAME_RE = re.compile(r'ExportName\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"')
-
-# NID -> reason. Keep minimal; fix ExportName when safe instead of growing this list.
-ALLOWLISTED_NIDS: dict[str, str] = {
-    "KMcEa+rHsIo": "Historic kernel MapMemory stub bound to sceAvPlayerAddSource NID; API rewrite deferred.",
-    "WV1GwM32NgY": "Historic WebApi2 init alias for PushEventCreateHandle NID; ABI rewrite deferred.",
-}
-
-
-def name2nid(name: str) -> str:
-    symbol = hashlib.sha1(name.encode() + uhx("518D64A635DED8C1E6B039B1C3E55230")).digest()
-    id_val = struct.unpack("<Q", symbol[:8])[0]
-    nid = base64enc(uhx("%016x" % id_val), b"+-").rstrip(b"=")
-    return nid.decode("utf-8")
-
-
-def find_repo_root() -> Path:
-    cwd = Path.cwd()
-    if (cwd / SRC_ROOT).is_dir() and (cwd / "scripts").is_dir():
-        return cwd
-    script_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
-    if (script_root / SRC_ROOT).is_dir():
-        return script_root
-    raise SystemExit("Run from the repository root (src/ and scripts/ expected).")
-
-
-def load_aerolib_nids(aerolib_path: Path) -> set[str]:
-    data = aerolib_path.read_bytes()
-    if len(data) < 4:
-        raise SystemExit(f"Aerolib binary too small: {aerolib_path}")
-
-    count = struct.unpack_from("<I", data, 0)[0]
-    offset = 4
-    nids: set[str] = set()
-    for _ in range(count):
-        if offset >= len(data):
-            raise SystemExit(f"Truncated aerolib.bin while reading NIDs: {aerolib_path}")
-        nid_len = data[offset]
-        offset += 1
-        nid = data[offset : offset + nid_len].decode("utf-8")
-        offset += nid_len
-        if offset + 2 > len(data):
-            raise SystemExit(f"Truncated aerolib.bin name length: {aerolib_path}")
-        name_len = struct.unpack_from("<H", data, offset)[0]
-        offset += 2 + name_len
-        nids.add(nid)
-    return nids
-
-
-def iter_sysabi_exports(cs_path: Path, text: str):
-    for match in SYSABI_EXPORT_RE.finditer(text):
-        block = match.group(1)
-        nid_match = NID_RE.search(block)
-        export_match = EXPORT_NAME_RE.search(block)
-        if nid_match is None or export_match is None:
-            continue
-
-        nid = nid_match.group(1)
-        export_name = export_match.group(1)
-        nid_attr = f'Nid = "{nid}"'
-        abs_pos = text.find(nid_attr, match.start(), match.end())
-        if abs_pos < 0:
-            abs_pos = match.start()
-        line = text.count("\n", 0, abs_pos) + 1
-        yield cs_path, line, nid, export_name
-
-
-def scan(src_root: Path, catalog_nids: set[str]):
-    checked = 0
-    mismatches = []
-    skipped_no_catalog = 0
-    allowlisted = 0
-
-    for cs_path in sorted(src_root.rglob("*.cs")):
-        text = cs_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        for path, line, nid, export_name in iter_sysabi_exports(cs_path, text):
-            checked += 1
-            computed = name2nid(export_name)
-            if computed == nid:
-                continue
-
-            if nid not in catalog_nids:
-                skipped_no_catalog += 1
-                continue
-
-            if nid in ALLOWLISTED_NIDS:
-                allowlisted += 1
-                continue
-
-            mismatches.append((path, line, nid, export_name, computed))
-
-    return checked, mismatches, skipped_no_catalog, allowlisted
-
-
-def main() -> int:
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Check that SysAbiExport ExportName values hash to their Nid via name2nid."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--strict",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Exit 1 when any non-skipped/non-allowlisted ExportName does not hash to its Nid.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--quiet",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Print only the summary line.",
-    )
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    repo_root = find_repo_root()
-    aerolib_path = repo_root / AEROLIB_BIN
-    if not aerolib_path.is_file():
-        raise SystemExit(f"Missing Aerolib catalog: {aerolib_path.as_posix()}")
-
-    catalog_nids = load_aerolib_nids(aerolib_path)
-    checked, mismatches, skipped_no_catalog, allowlisted = scan(
-        repo_root / SRC_ROOT, catalog_nids
-    )
-    ok = checked - len(mismatches) - skipped_no_catalog - allowlisted
-
-    if not args.quiet:
-        for path, line, nid, export_name, computed in mismatches:
-            rel = path.relative_to(repo_root).as_posix()
-            print(
-                f"{rel}:{line}: NID={nid} ExportName={export_name!r} "
-                f"computed={computed}"
-            )
-
-    print(
-        f"checked={checked} ok={ok} fail={len(mismatches)} "
-        f"skipped_no_catalog={skipped_no_catalog} allowlisted={allowlisted} "
-        f"allowlist_size={len(ALLOWLISTED_NIDS)}"
-    )
-
-    if args.strict and mismatches:
-        return 1
-    return 0
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    sys.exit(main())
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Downloads the official (universal x86_64+arm64) MoltenVK dylib and stages
+# it next to a SharpEmu build as libvulkan.1.dylib. The macOS build runs as
+# an x86-64 process under Rosetta 2, so Homebrew's arm64-only Vulkan
+# libraries cannot be used; the presenter looks for this app-local copy.
+#
+# Usage: scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh [output-dir]
+#        (default output: artifacts/bin/Debug/net10.0/osx-x64)
+set -euo pipefail
+
+MVK_VERSION="${MVK_VERSION:-v1.4.0}"
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+OUT_DIR="${1:-$REPO_ROOT/artifacts/bin/Debug/net10.0/osx-x64}"
+
+if [[ ! -d "$OUT_DIR" ]]; then
+  echo "output directory does not exist: $OUT_DIR (build first?)" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+WORK_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+trap 'rm -rf "$WORK_DIR"' EXIT
+
+echo ">> Downloading MoltenVK $MVK_VERSION..."
+curl -sL -o "$WORK_DIR/mvk.tar" \
+  "https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/releases/download/$MVK_VERSION/MoltenVK-macos.tar"
+tar -xf "$WORK_DIR/mvk.tar" -C "$WORK_DIR" \
+  MoltenVK/MoltenVK/dynamic/dylib/macOS/libMoltenVK.dylib
+
+DYLIB="$WORK_DIR/MoltenVK/MoltenVK/dynamic/dylib/macOS/libMoltenVK.dylib"
+file "$DYLIB" | grep -q x86_64 || { echo "downloaded dylib lacks x86_64 slice" >&2; exit 3; }
+
+cp "$DYLIB" "$OUT_DIR/libMoltenVK.dylib"
+cp "$DYLIB" "$OUT_DIR/libvulkan.1.dylib"
+echo ">> Staged libMoltenVK.dylib + libvulkan.1.dylib in $OUT_DIR"
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import hashlib
-import struct
-from base64 import b64encode as base64enc
-from binascii import unhexlify as uhx
-from pathlib import Path
-
-NAMES = 'scripts/ps5_names.txt'
-OUTPUT = 'src/SharpEmu.HLE/Aerolib/aerolib.bin'
-
-def name2nid(name):
-    symbol = hashlib.sha1(name.encode() + uhx('518D64A635DED8C1E6B039B1C3E55230')).digest()
-    id_val = struct.unpack('<Q', symbol[:8])[0]
-    nid = base64enc(uhx('%016x' % id_val), b'+-').rstrip(b'=')
-    return nid.decode('utf-8')
-
-def generate():
-    names_path = Path(NAMES)
-    output_path = Path(OUTPUT)
-
-    entries = []
-    with open(names_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        for line in f:
-            name = line.strip()
-            if name:
-                nid = name2nid(name)
-                entries.append((nid, name))
-
-    print(f"Found {len(entries)} entries")
-
-    data = bytearray()
-    data.extend(struct.pack('<I', len(entries)))
-
-    for nid, name in entries:
-        nid_bytes = nid.encode('utf-8')
-        name_bytes = name.encode('utf-8')
-        data.append(len(nid_bytes))
-        data.extend(nid_bytes)
-        data.extend(struct.pack('<H', len(name_bytes)))
-        data.extend(name_bytes)
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with open(output_path, 'wb') as f:
-        f.write(data)
-
-    print(f"Generated: {output_path} ({len(data):,} bytes)")
-    print(f"Total entries: {len(entries)}")
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    generate()
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:-[0-9A-Za-z.-]+)?$")
+VERSION_ELEMENT_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"(<SharpEmuVersion>)([^<]+)(</SharpEmuVersion>)"
+)
+
+
+class ReleaseError(RuntimeError):
+    pass
+
+
+def run_git(
+    *args: str,
+    cwd: Path,
+    capture_output: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    command = ["git", *args]
+
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            command,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            check=True,
+            text=True,
+            capture_output=capture_output,
+        )
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        raise ReleaseError("Git was not found in PATH.") from None
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+        stderr = error.stderr.strip() if error.stderr else ""
+        detail = f"\n{stderr}" if stderr else ""
+
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            f"Git command failed: {' '.join(command)}{detail}"
+        ) from error
+
+    return result.stdout.strip() if capture_output else ""
+
+
+def find_repository_root(script_path: Path) -> Path:
+    root = run_git(
+        "rev-parse",
+        "--show-toplevel",
+        cwd=script_path.resolve().parent,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+    return Path(root)
+
+
+def get_status(repository_root: Path) -> str:
+    return run_git(
+        "status",
+        "--porcelain",
+        cwd=repository_root,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+
+def ensure_clean_worktree(repository_root: Path) -> None:
+    status = get_status(repository_root)
+
+    if status:
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            "The working tree is not clean.\n\n"
+            f"{status}\n\n"
+            "Commit, stash, or remove these changes first."
+        )
+
+
+def get_current_branch(repository_root: Path) -> str:
+    branch = run_git(
+        "branch",
+        "--show-current",
+        cwd=repository_root,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+    if not branch:
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            "HEAD is detached. Switch to a branch before continuing."
+        )
+
+    return branch
+
+
+def ensure_branch_does_not_exist(
+    repository_root: Path,
+    branch: str,
+    remote: str,
+) -> None:
+    local_branch = run_git(
+        "branch",
+        "--list",
+        branch,
+        cwd=repository_root,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+    if local_branch:
+        raise ReleaseError(f"Branch {branch} already exists locally.")
+
+    remote_branch = run_git(
+        "ls-remote",
+        "--heads",
+        remote,
+        branch,
+        cwd=repository_root,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+    if remote_branch:
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            f"Branch {branch} already exists on {remote}."
+        )
+
+
+def ensure_tag_does_not_exist(
+    repository_root: Path,
+    tag: str,
+    remote: str,
+) -> None:
+    local_tag = run_git(
+        "tag",
+        "--list",
+        tag,
+        cwd=repository_root,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+    if local_tag:
+        raise ReleaseError(f"Tag {tag} already exists locally.")
+
+    remote_tag = run_git(
+        "ls-remote",
+        "--tags",
+        remote,
+        f"refs/tags/{tag}",
+        cwd=repository_root,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+    if remote_tag:
+        raise ReleaseError(f"Tag {tag} already exists on {remote}.")
+
+
+def read_version(props_path: Path) -> str:
+    if not props_path.exists():
+        raise ReleaseError(f"Version file not found: {props_path}")
+
+    content = props_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    match = VERSION_ELEMENT_PATTERN.search(content)
+
+    if match is None:
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            f"SharpEmuVersion was not found in {props_path.name}."
+        )
+
+    return match.group(2).strip()
+
+
+def update_version(props_path: Path, version: str) -> str:
+    content = props_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    current_version = read_version(props_path)
+
+    if current_version == version:
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            f"SharpEmuVersion is already set to {version}."
+        )
+
+    updated_content, replacement_count = VERSION_ELEMENT_PATTERN.subn(
+        rf"\g<1>{version}\g<3>",
+        content,
+        count=1,
+    )
+
+    if replacement_count != 1:
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            "Expected exactly one SharpEmuVersion element."
+        )
+
+    props_path.write_text(
+        updated_content,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        newline="\n",
+    )
+
+    return current_version
+
+
+def prepare_release(
+    repository_root: Path,
+    props_path: Path,
+    version: str,
+    remote: str,
+) -> None:
+    ensure_clean_worktree(repository_root)
+
+    current_branch = get_current_branch(repository_root)
+
+    if current_branch != "main":
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            f"Prepare must be run from main, not {current_branch}."
+        )
+
+    run_git(
+        "pull",
+        "--ff-only",
+        remote,
+        "main",
+        cwd=repository_root,
+    )
+
+    branch = f"release/{version}"
+    ensure_branch_does_not_exist(
+        repository_root,
+        branch,
+        remote,
+    )
+
+    previous_version = read_version(props_path)
+
+    run_git(
+        "switch",
+        "-c",
+        branch,
+        cwd=repository_root,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        update_version(props_path, version)
+
+        relative_props_path = props_path.relative_to(repository_root)
+
+        run_git(
+            "add",
+            relative_props_path.as_posix(),
+            cwd=repository_root,
+        )
+        run_git(
+            "commit",
+            "-m",
+            f"chore: bump version to {version}",
+            cwd=repository_root,
+        )
+        run_git(
+            "push",
+            "-u",
+            remote,
+            branch,
+            cwd=repository_root,
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        print(
+            "\nPrepare failed. The release branch may still exist locally.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        raise
+
+    print()
+    print(f"Prepared release {previous_version} -> {version}")
+    print(f"Branch pushed: {branch}")
+    print()
+    print("Open a pull request from:")
+    print(f"  {branch}")
+    print("into:")
+    print("  main")
+    print()
+    print("After merging the PR, run:")
+    print(f"  python scripts/release.py tag {version}")
+
+
+def create_release_tag(
+    repository_root: Path,
+    props_path: Path,
+    version: str,
+    remote: str,
+) -> None:
+    ensure_clean_worktree(repository_root)
+
+    current_branch = get_current_branch(repository_root)
+
+    if current_branch != "main":
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            f"Tagging must be run from main, not {current_branch}."
+        )
+
+    run_git(
+        "pull",
+        "--ff-only",
+        remote,
+        "main",
+        cwd=repository_root,
+    )
+
+    current_version = read_version(props_path)
+
+    if current_version != version:
+        raise ReleaseError(
+            "Version mismatch:\n"
+            f"  Directory.Build.props: {current_version}\n"
+            f"  Requested tag:         {version}"
+        )
+
+    tag = f"v{version}"
+
+    ensure_tag_does_not_exist(
+        repository_root,
+        tag,
+        remote,
+    )
+
+    run_git(
+        "tag",
+        "-a",
+        tag,
+        "-m",
+        f"SharpEmu {version}",
+        cwd=repository_root,
+    )
+    run_git(
+        "push",
+        remote,
+        tag,
+        cwd=repository_root,
+    )
+
+    print()
+    print(f"Successfully pushed tag {tag}.")
+    print("The release workflow should start automatically.")
+
+
+def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Prepare or tag a SharpEmu release."
+    )
+
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
+        dest="command",
+        required=True,
+    )
+
+    for command in ("prepare", "tag"):
+        subparser = subparsers.add_parser(command)
+        subparser.add_argument(
+            "version",
+            help="Version without the v prefix, e.g. 0.0.2-beta.2.",
+        )
+        subparser.add_argument(
+            "--remote",
+            default="origin",
+            help="Git remote. Default: origin.",
+        )
+
+    arguments = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if not VERSION_PATTERN.fullmatch(arguments.version):
+        parser.error(
+            "Version must look like 0.0.2, "
+            "0.0.2-beta.2, or 0.0.2-rc.1."
+        )
+
+    return arguments
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    arguments = parse_arguments()
+
+    try:
+        repository_root = find_repository_root(Path(__file__))
+        props_path = repository_root / "Directory.Build.props"
+
+        if arguments.command == "prepare":
+            prepare_release(
+                repository_root,
+                props_path,
+                arguments.version,
+                arguments.remote,
+            )
+        else:
+            create_release_tag(
+                repository_root,
+                props_path,
+                arguments.version,
+                arguments.remote,
+            )
+    except ReleaseError as error:
+        print(f"Error: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Smoke-tests the linux-x64 build inside an amd64 container. Useful from any
+# host (including Apple Silicon, where Docker runs the amd64 image under
+# emulation) to confirm the cross-platform layer keeps working on Linux.
+#
+# Usage: scripts/test-linux-docker.sh /path/to/eboot.bin
+set -euo pipefail
+
+GAME_PATH="${1:-}"
+if [[ -z "$GAME_PATH" || ! -f "$GAME_PATH" ]]; then
+  echo "usage: $0 <path-to-eboot.bin>" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+GAME_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$GAME_PATH")" && pwd)"
+GAME_FILE="$(basename "$GAME_PATH")"
+PUBLISH_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/artifacts/publish/SharpEmu.CLI/Debug/net10.0/linux-x64"
+
+echo ">> Publishing linux-x64 self-contained build..."
+dotnet publish "$REPO_ROOT/src/SharpEmu.CLI" \
+  -c Debug -r linux-x64 --self-contained -p:PublishSingleFile=false
+
+echo ">> Running inside linux/amd64 container..."
+docker run --rm --platform linux/amd64 \
+  -v "$PUBLISH_DIR":/app:ro \
+  -v "$GAME_DIR":/game:ro \
+  mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/runtime-deps:10.0 \
+  /app/SharpEmu --log-level=info "/game/$GAME_FILE"
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ internal static partial class Program
    [STAThread]
    private static int Main(string[] args)
    {
+        // Avoid blocking full collections while guest and render threads are
+        // running, and establish the GC mode before the runtime reserves the
+        // fixed guest address-space window.
+        System.Runtime.GCSettings.LatencyMode = System.Runtime.GCLatencyMode.SustainedLowLatency;
+
        try
        {
            return Run(args);
@@ -58,6 +63,11 @@ internal static partial class Program

    private static int Run(string[] args)
    {
+        if (Updater.TryApply(args, out var updateExitCode))
+        {
+            return updateExitCode;
+        }
+
        args = NormalizeInternalArguments(args, out var isMitigatedChild);
        if (args.Length == 0 && !isMitigatedChild)
        {
@@ -75,6 +85,142 @@ internal static partial class Program
            TryEnableConsoleFileMirror(earlyLogFilePath);
        }

+        if (!CheckHostArchitecture())
+        {
+            return 5;
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() || OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+            {
+                ConfigureMoltenVkDefaults();
+                PreloadMacVulkanLoader();
+            }
+
+            // GLFW requires window creation and event processing on the
+            // process main thread: AppKit demands it on macOS, and X11 has a
+            // single event queue that must be serviced from the main thread
+            // (a window created and polled off it may never map, which showed
+            // as a running game with no visible window on Linux). Emulation
+            // moves to a worker thread and the main thread services the window
+            // work the video presenter posts. Windows keeps a per-thread event
+            // queue, so its window stays on the presenter's own thread.
+            var exitCode = 0;
+            HostMainThread.Enable();
+            var emulation = new Thread(() =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    exitCode = RunEmulator(args, isMitigatedChild);
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    HostMainThread.Shutdown();
+                }
+            }, 32 * 1024 * 1024)
+            {
+                Name = "SharpEmu Emulation",
+            };
+            emulation.Start();
+            HostMainThread.Pump();
+            emulation.Join();
+            return exitCode;
+        }
+
+        return RunEmulator(args, isMitigatedChild);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The supported host execution model, checked before any emulation
+    /// starts: the CPU backend executes guest x86-64 code natively, so the
+    /// host process must be x86-64 — win-x64/linux-x64 on x64 hardware, or
+    /// osx-x64 under Rosetta 2 on Apple Silicon (Rosetta translates the
+    /// whole process, so it still reports as X64 here). An arm64 process
+    /// (e.g. the osx-arm64 build) can browse the GUI but cannot run games;
+    /// failing up front distinguishes that from MoltenVK, signal-handler,
+    /// or guest-memory startup problems.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool CheckHostArchitecture()
+    {
+        if (RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture == Architecture.X64)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][ERROR] Unsupported process architecture " +
+            $"{RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture}: guest code executes " +
+            "natively, so SharpEmu must run as an x86-64 process.");
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                "[LOADER][ERROR] On Apple Silicon, use the osx-x64 build under " +
+                "Rosetta 2 (install with: softwareupdate --install-rosetta).");
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Applies MoltenVK performance defaults before the Vulkan loader is
+    /// loaded. Existing user-provided values always take precedence.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void ConfigureMoltenVkDefaults()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _ = MacSetEnv("MVK_CONFIG_SYNCHRONOUS_QUEUE_SUBMITS", "0", 0);
+            _ = MacSetEnv("MVK_CONFIG_SHOULD_MAXIMIZE_CONCURRENT_COMPILATION", "1", 0);
+            _ = MacSetEnv("MVK_CONFIG_USE_METAL_ARGUMENT_BUFFERS", "1", 0);
+            _ = MacSetEnv("MVK_CONFIG_RESUME_LOST_DEVICE", "1", 0);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][WARN] Failed to set MoltenVK defaults: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Makes a Vulkan loader visible to GLFW's dlopen("libvulkan.1.dylib").
+    /// Homebrew's Vulkan libraries are arm64-only and cannot load into this
+    /// x86-64 (Rosetta 2) process, so a universal libMoltenVK.dylib placed
+    /// next to the executable (named libvulkan.1.dylib) is preloaded here;
+    /// dyld then resolves GLFW's bare-name dlopen to the loaded image.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void PreloadMacVulkanLoader()
+    {
+        var candidates = new[]
+        {
+            Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "libvulkan.1.dylib"),
+            Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "libMoltenVK.dylib"),
+            Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.UserProfile),
+                ".sharpemu", "x64lib", "libvulkan.1.dylib"),
+        };
+        foreach (var candidate in candidates)
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(candidate) && NativeLibrary.TryLoad(candidate, out _))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] Vulkan loader preloaded: {candidate}");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (NativeLibrary.TryLoad("libvulkan.1.dylib", out _))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            "[LOADER][WARN] No x86-64 Vulkan loader found; video output will be unavailable. " +
+            "Place a universal libMoltenVK.dylib (from the MoltenVK releases) next to SharpEmu " +
+            "as libvulkan.1.dylib.");
+    }
+
+    private static int RunEmulator(string[] args, bool isMitigatedChild)
+    {
        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] SharpEmu starting with {args.Length} args");

        if (!isMitigatedChild && TryRunMitigatedChild(args, out var childExitCode))
@@ -1204,4 +1350,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
        uint creationDisposition,
        uint flagsAndAttributes,
        nint templateFile);
+
+    [DllImport("libSystem", EntryPoint = "setenv")]
+    private static extern int MacSetEnv(string name, string value, int overwrite);
 }
@@ -16,19 +16,34 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
         console window; CLI mode re-attaches to the parent terminal's console. -->
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
    <AssemblyName>SharpEmu</AssemblyName>
-    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;linux-x64;osx-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <!-- osx-x64 is the macOS target: the CPU backend executes guest x86-64
+         natively, so on Apple Silicon it runs under Rosetta 2. -->
+    <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;linux-x64;osx-x64;osx-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
    <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
    <PublishSingleFile>true</PublishSingleFile>
    <IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>true</IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>
    <EnableCompressionInSingleFile>true</EnableCompressionInSingleFile>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
-    <Version>0.0.1</Version>
-    <ServerGarbageCollection>true</ServerGarbageCollection>
+    <!-- Server GC reserves one large heap range per logical processor. On
+         high-core-count hosts those ranges can overlap fixed PS5 image bases
+         before the guest address space is established. Workstation GC avoids
+         that collision and keeps the emulator's required mappings available. -->
+    <ServerGarbageCollection>false</ServerGarbageCollection>
    <ConcurrentGarbageCollection>true</ConcurrentGarbageCollection>
    <TieredPGO>true</TieredPGO>
  </PropertyGroup>

+  <!-- Background GC's write-watch revisit calls FlushProcessWriteBuffers,
+       which on macOS uses thread_get_register_pointer_values; under Rosetta 2
+       that Mach call can stall indefinitely on threads executing translated
+       guest code, wedging the whole runtime (every allocating thread then
+       blocks behind the never-finishing GC). Non-concurrent GC never takes
+       that path. Windows and Linux keep concurrent GC. -->
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('$(RuntimeIdentifier)').StartsWith('osx'))">
+    <ConcurrentGarbageCollection>false</ConcurrentGarbageCollection>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'">
    <GenerateDocumentationFile>false</GenerateDocumentationFile>
    <DebugType>none</DebugType>
@@ -63,7 +78,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
  <Target Name="KeepGlfwOutsideSingleFile" AfterTargets="ComputeResolvedFilesToPublishList">
    <ItemGroup>
      <_GlfwPublishFiles Include="@(ResolvedFileToPublish)"
-                         Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('%(ResolvedFileToPublish.Filename)').StartsWith('glfw'))" />
+                         Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('%(ResolvedFileToPublish.Filename)').StartsWith('glfw')) Or $([System.String]::Copy('%(ResolvedFileToPublish.Filename)').StartsWith('libglfw'))" />
      <ResolvedFileToPublish Remove="@(_GlfwPublishFiles)" />
      <ResolvedFileToPublish Include="@(_GlfwPublishFiles)">
        <ExcludeFromSingleFile>true</ExcludeFromSingleFile>
@@ -1,491 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 2,
-  "dependencies": {
-    "net10.0": {
-      "Microsoft.NET.ILLink.Tasks": {
-        "type": "Direct",
-        "requested": "[10.0.3, )",
-        "resolved": "10.0.3",
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-      },
-      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
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-      },
-      "Avalonia.BuildServices": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.2",
-        "contentHash": "qHDToxto1e3hci5YqbG9n0Ty8mlp3zBUN5wT66wKqaDVzXyQ0do3EnRILd4Ke9jpvsktaPpgE0YjEk7hornryQ=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.FreeDesktop": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "aUwv8BNruRUOaUfMu4U3uibIUS60/rSHgGOhd8zBkLkpxY3JFJvgRbeq5ZzHIyKXCuKi18PO00YHAgCarp3wdw==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
-          "Tmds.DBus.Protocol": "0.21.3"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Native": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Remote.Protocol": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
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-      },
-      "Avalonia.Skia": {
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-        "dependencies": {
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-          "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": "8.3.1.1",
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-          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": "2.88.9",
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-        }
-      },
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-        }
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@@ -7,30 +7,33 @@ using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
-using SharpEmu.Logging;

 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;

 public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
 {
-    private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("Dispatcher");
-
    private enum EntryFrameKind
    {
        ProcessEntry,
        ModuleInitializer,
    }

-    private const ulong StackBaseAddress = 0x7FFF_F000_0000UL;
+    // The top of the x86-64 user address space (0x7FFD..0x7FFF) is only
+    // freely mappable on Windows; on macOS/Linux it hosts the dyld shared
+    // cache / vdso and (under Rosetta 2) the translator runtime, so POSIX
+    // hosts use the equivalent layout one slot lower at 0x6FFx.
+    private static readonly ulong StackBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFF_F000_0000UL : 0x6FFF_F000_0000UL;
    private const ulong StackSize = 0x0020_0000UL;
-    private const ulong TlsBaseAddress = 0x7FFE_0000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong TlsBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFE_0000_0000UL : 0x6FFE_0000_0000UL;
    private const ulong TlsSize = 0x0001_0000UL;
-    private const ulong TlsPrefixSize = 0x0000_1000UL;
-    private const ulong BootstrapStubBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_F000_0000UL;
-    private const ulong BootstrapPayloadBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_E000_0000UL;
-    private const ulong DynlibFallbackStubBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_D000_0000UL;
-    private const ulong ReturnToHostStubBaseAddress = 0x7FFD_C000_0000UL;
+    // The static TLS blocks live at negative offsets from the TCB (FreeBSD
+    // amd64 variant II). Keep every host in sync with GuestTlsTemplate's
+    // startup reservation; PS5 modules routinely reach beyond one host page.
+    private const ulong TlsPrefixSize = GuestTlsTemplate.StartupStaticTlsReservation;
+    private static readonly ulong BootstrapStubBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_F000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_F000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong BootstrapPayloadBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_E000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_E000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong DynlibFallbackStubBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_D000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_D000_0000UL;
+    private static readonly ulong ReturnToHostStubBaseAddress = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 0x7FFD_C000_0000UL : 0x6FFD_C000_0000UL;
    private const ulong BootstrapRegionSize = 0x0000_1000UL;
    private const ulong ReturnToHostStubStride = 0x0100_0000UL;
    private const ulong BootstrapPayloadResultOffset = 0x28UL;
@@ -42,19 +45,16 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
    ];
    private readonly IVirtualMemory _virtualMemory;
    private readonly IModuleManager _moduleManager;
-    private readonly IHostPlatform? _hostPlatform;
    private INativeCpuBackend? _nativeCpuBackend;

    public CpuDispatcher(
        IVirtualMemory virtualMemory,
        IModuleManager moduleManager,
-        INativeCpuBackend? nativeCpuBackend = null,
-        IHostPlatform? hostPlatform = null)
+        INativeCpuBackend? nativeCpuBackend = null)
    {
        _virtualMemory = virtualMemory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(virtualMemory));
        _moduleManager = moduleManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(moduleManager));
        _nativeCpuBackend = nativeCpuBackend;
-        _hostPlatform = hostPlatform;
    }

    public ulong? LastEntryPoint { get; private set; }
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
        string processImageName = "eboot.bin",
        CpuExecutionOptions executionOptions = default)
    {
-        Log.Debug("=== DispatchEntry START ===");
-        Log.Debug($"entryPoint=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[DISPATCHER] === DispatchEntry START ===");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] entryPoint=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}");

        try
        {
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
-            Log.Critical($"FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchEntry: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}", ex);
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchEntry: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] Stack trace: {ex.StackTrace}");
            throw;
        }
    }
@@ -109,8 +110,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
        string moduleName = "module",
        CpuExecutionOptions executionOptions = default)
    {
-        Log.Debug("=== DispatchModuleInitializer START ===");
-        Log.Debug($"moduleInit=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}, module={moduleName}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[DISPATCHER] === DispatchModuleInitializer START ===");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] moduleInit=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}, module={moduleName}");

        try
        {
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
-            Log.Critical($"FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchModuleInitializer: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}", ex);
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchModuleInitializer: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] Stack trace: {ex.StackTrace}");
            throw;
        }
    }
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
        CpuExecutionOptions executionOptions = default,
        EntryFrameKind frameKind = EntryFrameKind.ProcessEntry)
    {
-        Log.Debug("DispatchEntryCore STARTING...");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[DISPATCHER] DispatchEntryCore STARTING...");

        LastEntryPoint = entryPoint;
        LastTrapInfo = null;
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
            entryFrameDiagnostic,
            Environment.NewLine,
            "CpuEngine: native-only");
-        _nativeCpuBackend ??= new DirectExecutionBackend(_moduleManager, _hostPlatform);
+        _nativeCpuBackend ??= new DirectExecutionBackend(_moduleManager);
        if (_nativeCpuBackend.TryExecute(
                context,
                entryPoint,
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
            LastMilestoneLog,
            Environment.NewLine,
            $"CpuEngine native-only failed: {backendError}");
-        Log.Error($"Native backend FAILED: {backendError}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] Native backend FAILED: {backendError}");
        return FailEarly(
            OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
            CpuExitReason.NativeBackendUnavailable);
@@ -370,11 +372,19 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable

    private static bool InitializeTls(CpuContext context, ulong tlsBase)
    {
-        return context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase - 0xF0, 0) &&
-               context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x00, tlsBase) &&
-               context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x10, tlsBase) &&
-               context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x28, 0xC0DEC0DECAFEBABEUL) &&
-               context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x60, tlsBase);
+        if (!context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase - 0xF0, 0) ||
+            !context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x00, tlsBase) ||
+            !context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x10, tlsBase) ||
+            !context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x28, 0xC0DEC0DECAFEBA00UL) ||
+            !context.TryWriteUInt64(tlsBase + 0x60, tlsBase))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Seed the static TLS block below the thread pointer with the main
+        // module's initialized thread-locals (variant II layout).
+        SharpEmu.HLE.GuestTlsTemplate.SeedThreadBlock(context, tlsBase);
+        return true;
    }

    private static bool InitializeGuestFrameChainSentinel(CpuContext context)
@@ -400,35 +410,54 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
        ulong programExitHandlerAddress)
    {
        var imageName = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(processImageName) ? "eboot.bin" : processImageName;
-        var encodedNameLength = Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(imageName);
-        Span<byte> argv0Buffer = encodedNameLength + 1 <= 512
-            ? stackalloc byte[encodedNameLength + 1]
-            : new byte[encodedNameLength + 1];
-        if (Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(imageName.AsSpan(), argv0Buffer) != encodedNameLength)
+        var arguments = new List<string>(3) { imageName };
+        var configuredArguments = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_GUEST_ARGS");
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configuredArguments))
        {
-            return false;
+            // The PS5 entry-parameter ABI exposes three inline argv pointers.
+            // Two compatibility arguments are therefore safe without changing
+            // the fixed 0x20-byte structure expected by existing titles.
+            var compatibilityArguments = configuredArguments.Split(
+                (char[]?)null,
+                StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
+            arguments.AddRange(compatibilityArguments.Take(2));
        }

-        argv0Buffer[encodedNameLength] = 0;
        var cursor = context[CpuRegister.Rsp];
-
-        var argv0Address = AlignDown(cursor - (ulong)argv0Buffer.Length, 16);
-        if (!context.Memory.TryWrite(argv0Address, argv0Buffer))
+        var argumentAddresses = new ulong[arguments.Count];
+        for (var index = arguments.Count - 1; index >= 0; index--)
        {
-            return false;
+            var encoded = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(arguments[index] + '\0');
+            cursor = AlignDown(cursor - (ulong)encoded.Length, 16);
+            if (!context.Memory.TryWrite(cursor, encoded))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            argumentAddresses[index] = cursor;
        }

        const ulong entryParamsSize = 0x20;
-        var entryParamsAddress = AlignDown(argv0Address - entryParamsSize, 16);
-        if (!context.TryWriteUInt32(entryParamsAddress + 0x00, 1) ||
-            !context.TryWriteUInt32(entryParamsAddress + 0x04, 0) ||
-            !context.TryWriteUInt64(entryParamsAddress + 0x08, argv0Address) ||
-            !context.TryWriteUInt64(entryParamsAddress + 0x10, 0) ||
-            !context.TryWriteUInt64(entryParamsAddress + 0x18, 0))
+        var entryParamsAddress = AlignDown(cursor - entryParamsSize, 16);
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(context, entryParamsAddress + 0x00, (uint)arguments.Count) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(context, entryParamsAddress + 0x04, 0) ||
+            !context.TryWriteUInt64(entryParamsAddress + 0x08, argumentAddresses[0]) ||
+            !context.TryWriteUInt64(
+                entryParamsAddress + 0x10,
+                argumentAddresses.Length > 1 ? argumentAddresses[1] : 0) ||
+            !context.TryWriteUInt64(
+                entryParamsAddress + 0x18,
+                argumentAddresses.Length > 2 ? argumentAddresses[2] : 0))
        {
            return false;
        }

+        if (arguments.Count > 1)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[DISPATCHER] Guest arguments: {string.Join(' ', arguments.Skip(1))}");
+        }
+
        var entryStackPointer = entryParamsAddress - sizeof(ulong);
        if (!context.TryWriteUInt64(entryStackPointer, 0))
        {
@@ -461,6 +490,13 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
        return value & ~(alignment - 1);
    }

+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext context, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return context.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
    private static string BuildEntryFrameDiagnostic(
        ulong entryPoint,
        CpuContext context,
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Emulation;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Pure software implementations of the BMI1, BMI2 and ABM general-purpose-register
+/// bit-manipulation instructions.
+///
+/// The direct-execution backend runs guest PS5 code natively on the host CPU. The PS5's
+/// Zen 2 cores implement BMI1/BMI2/ABM, but a host CPU that predates those extensions raises
+/// #UD (STATUS_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION) when it meets one of these opcodes. This class provides the
+/// register-only arithmetic so the exception handler can finish the instruction in software and
+/// resume, instead of aborting the title.
+///
+/// The methods deliberately operate on plain integers rather than on the OS CONTEXT record so the
+/// semantics can be unit-tested in isolation; the unsafe register/memory plumbing lives in the
+/// backend adapter. Each method returns the result already masked to the operand width and, where
+/// the instruction is defined to touch flags, updates <paramref name="eflags"/> in place. Flags
+/// documented as "undefined" by the vendor manuals are left untouched so behaviour stays
+/// deterministic across hosts.
+/// </summary>
+public static class BmiInstructionEmulator
+{
+    private const uint FlagCarry = 1u << 0;
+    private const uint FlagZero = 1u << 6;
+    private const uint FlagSign = 1u << 7;
+    private const uint FlagOverflow = 1u << 11;
+
+    private static ulong WidthMask(GprOperandSize size) =>
+        size == GprOperandSize.Bits64 ? ulong.MaxValue : 0xFFFF_FFFFUL;
+
+    private static int WidthBits(GprOperandSize size) => (int)size;
+
+    private static bool SignSet(ulong value, GprOperandSize size) =>
+        size == GprOperandSize.Bits64 ? (value >> 63) != 0 : (value & 0x8000_0000UL) != 0;
+
+    private static uint WithFlag(uint eflags, uint flag, bool set) =>
+        set ? eflags | flag : eflags & ~flag;
+
+    // Applies the CF/ZF/SF/OF set shared by ANDN/BLS*/BZHI: OF is always cleared, ZF and SF follow
+    // the result, and the caller supplies CF because each instruction defines it differently.
+    private static uint ApplyLogicFlags(uint eflags, ulong result, GprOperandSize size, bool carry)
+    {
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagCarry, carry);
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagZero, result == 0);
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagSign, SignSet(result, size));
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagOverflow, false);
+        return eflags;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>ANDN: <c>dest = (~src1) &amp; src2</c>. CF and OF are cleared.</summary>
+    public static ulong Andn(ulong src1, ulong src2, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var result = (~src1 & src2) & WidthMask(size);
+        eflags = ApplyLogicFlags(eflags, result, size, carry: false);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>BLSI: isolate the lowest set bit, <c>dest = (-src) &amp; src</c>. CF = (src != 0).</summary>
+    public static ulong Blsi(ulong src, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var s = src & mask;
+        var result = ((0UL - s) & s) & mask;
+        eflags = ApplyLogicFlags(eflags, result, size, carry: s != 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>BLSMSK: mask up to and including the lowest set bit, <c>dest = (src - 1) ^ src</c>. CF = (src == 0).</summary>
+    public static ulong Blsmsk(ulong src, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var s = src & mask;
+        var result = ((s - 1) ^ s) & mask;
+        eflags = ApplyLogicFlags(eflags, result, size, carry: s == 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>BLSR: reset the lowest set bit, <c>dest = (src - 1) &amp; src</c>. CF = (src == 0).</summary>
+    public static ulong Blsr(ulong src, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var s = src & mask;
+        var result = ((s - 1) & s) & mask;
+        eflags = ApplyLogicFlags(eflags, result, size, carry: s == 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// BEXTR: extract <c>len</c> bits of <paramref name="src"/> starting at bit <c>start</c>, where
+    /// start = control[7:0] and len = control[15:8]. Only ZF (per result) and cleared CF/OF are defined.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static ulong Bextr(ulong src, ulong control, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var start = (int)(control & 0xFF);
+        var length = (int)((control >> 8) & 0xFF);
+
+        ulong result;
+        if (start >= bits)
+        {
+            result = 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            var shifted = (src & WidthMask(size)) >> start;
+            if (length == 0)
+            {
+                result = 0;
+            }
+            else if (length >= bits)
+            {
+                result = shifted;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result = shifted & ((1UL << length) - 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        result &= WidthMask(size);
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagZero, result == 0);
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagCarry, false);
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagOverflow, false);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// BZHI: zero the bits of <paramref name="src"/> from bit position <c>index[7:0]</c> upward.
+    /// CF is set when the requested position is at or beyond the operand width.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static ulong Bzhi(ulong src, ulong index, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var s = src & mask;
+        var n = (int)(index & 0xFF);
+
+        ulong result;
+        bool carry;
+        if (n >= bits)
+        {
+            result = s;
+            carry = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = s & ((1UL << n) - 1);
+            carry = false;
+        }
+
+        eflags = ApplyLogicFlags(eflags, result, size, carry);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>TZCNT: count trailing zero bits. If src == 0 the result is the operand width and CF is set.</summary>
+    public static ulong Tzcnt(ulong src, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var s = src & WidthMask(size);
+
+        ulong result;
+        bool carry;
+        if (s == 0)
+        {
+            result = (ulong)bits;
+            carry = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = (ulong)(size == GprOperandSize.Bits64
+                ? BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(s)
+                : BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount((uint)s));
+            carry = false;
+        }
+
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagCarry, carry);
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagZero, result == 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>LZCNT: count leading zero bits. If src == 0 the result is the operand width and CF is set.</summary>
+    public static ulong Lzcnt(ulong src, GprOperandSize size, ref uint eflags)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var s = src & WidthMask(size);
+
+        ulong result;
+        bool carry;
+        if (s == 0)
+        {
+            result = (ulong)bits;
+            carry = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = (ulong)(size == GprOperandSize.Bits64
+                ? BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount(s)
+                : BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount((uint)s));
+            carry = false;
+        }
+
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagCarry, carry);
+        eflags = WithFlag(eflags, FlagZero, result == 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>RORX: rotate <paramref name="src"/> right by <paramref name="count"/> (masked to the operand width). No flags.</summary>
+    public static ulong Rorx(ulong src, int count, GprOperandSize size)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var s = src & mask;
+        var rotate = count & (bits - 1);
+        if (rotate == 0)
+        {
+            return s;
+        }
+
+        return ((s >> rotate) | (s << (bits - rotate))) & mask;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>SARX: arithmetic shift right by <paramref name="count"/> (masked to the operand width). No flags.</summary>
+    public static ulong Sarx(ulong src, int count, GprOperandSize size)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var shift = count & (bits - 1);
+        if (size == GprOperandSize.Bits64)
+        {
+            return (ulong)((long)src >> shift);
+        }
+
+        return (ulong)(uint)((int)(uint)src >> shift) & mask;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>SHLX: logical shift left by <paramref name="count"/> (masked to the operand width). No flags.</summary>
+    public static ulong Shlx(ulong src, int count, GprOperandSize size)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var shift = count & (bits - 1);
+        return (src << shift) & mask;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>SHRX: logical shift right by <paramref name="count"/> (masked to the operand width). No flags.</summary>
+    public static ulong Shrx(ulong src, int count, GprOperandSize size)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var mask = WidthMask(size);
+        var s = src & mask;
+        var shift = count & (bits - 1);
+        return s >> shift;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>PDEP: deposit contiguous low bits of <paramref name="src"/> into the positions selected by <paramref name="mask"/>. No flags.</summary>
+    public static ulong Pdep(ulong src, ulong mask, GprOperandSize size)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var selector = mask & WidthMask(size);
+        ulong result = 0;
+        var bit = 0;
+        for (var i = 0; i < bits; i++)
+        {
+            var position = 1UL << i;
+            if ((selector & position) != 0)
+            {
+                if (((src >> bit) & 1UL) != 0)
+                {
+                    result |= position;
+                }
+
+                bit++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result & WidthMask(size);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>PEXT: gather the bits of <paramref name="src"/> selected by <paramref name="mask"/> into contiguous low bits. No flags.</summary>
+    public static ulong Pext(ulong src, ulong mask, GprOperandSize size)
+    {
+        var bits = WidthBits(size);
+        var selector = mask & WidthMask(size);
+        ulong result = 0;
+        var bit = 0;
+        for (var i = 0; i < bits; i++)
+        {
+            if ((selector & (1UL << i)) != 0)
+            {
+                if (((src >> i) & 1UL) != 0)
+                {
+                    result |= 1UL << bit;
+                }
+
+                bit++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result & WidthMask(size);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Emulation;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Operand width for the emulated general-purpose-register instructions. The numeric value is the
+/// bit width, so it can double as the "count leading/trailing zeros of an all-zero source" result.
+/// </summary>
+public enum GprOperandSize
+{
+    Bits32 = 32,
+    Bits64 = 64,
+}
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Disasm;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 using SharpEmu.Logging;

 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
@@ -17,6 +17,55 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 {
 	private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, byte> _knownExecutablePages = new();

+	private static readonly bool _perfHleHistogram =
+		string.Equals(System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_PERF_HLE"), "1", System.StringComparison.Ordinal);
+	private static readonly System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary<string, long> _perfHleCounts = new();
+	private static long _perfHleTotal;
+	private static long _perfHleDispatchTicks;
+
+	private static void RecordPerfHleDispatchTime(long ticks)
+	{
+		var total = System.Threading.Interlocked.Add(ref _perfHleDispatchTicks, ticks);
+		var calls = System.Threading.Interlocked.Read(ref _perfHleTotal);
+		if (calls > 0 && calls % 500000 == 0)
+		{
+			var avgUs = (double)total / System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.Frequency * 1_000_000.0 / calls;
+			System.Console.Error.WriteLine($"[PERF][HLE] managed_dispatch_avg={avgUs:F3}us total_managed_s={(double)total / System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.Frequency:F2}");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static readonly bool _perfHleNoDict =
+		string.Equals(System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_PERF_HLE_NODICT"), "1", System.StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+	private static void RecordPerfHleCall(string name)
+	{
+		var total = System.Threading.Interlocked.Increment(ref _perfHleTotal);
+		if (!_perfHleNoDict)
+		{
+			_perfHleCounts.AddOrUpdate(name, 1, static (_, v) => v + 1);
+		}
+
+		if (total % 500000 == 0 && !_perfHleNoDict)
+		{
+			// Snapshot via foreach (a safe moving enumerator) before sorting.
+			// LINQ over a ConcurrentDictionary uses ICollection.CopyTo, which
+			// throws ArgumentException if another thread adds a key between the
+			// Count read and the copy — that exception was being swallowed into
+			// a CPU_TRAP return and crashing the guest.
+			var snapshot = new System.Collections.Generic.List<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<string, long>>(_perfHleCounts.Count + 16);
+			foreach (var kvp in _perfHleCounts)
+			{
+				snapshot.Add(kvp);
+			}
+
+			var top = snapshot
+				.OrderByDescending(kvp => kvp.Value)
+				.Take(20)
+				.Select(kvp => $"{kvp.Key}={kvp.Value}");
+			System.Console.Error.WriteLine($"[PERF][HLE] total={total} top: {string.Join(", ", top)}");
+		}
+	}
+
 	private void RecordRecentImportTrace(
 		long dispatchIndex,
 		string nid,
@@ -25,101 +74,40 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		ulong arg1,
 		ulong arg2)
 	{
-		_recentImportTrace[_recentImportTraceWriteIndex] = new RecentImportTraceEntry(
+		var trace = _recentImportTrace;
+		trace[_recentImportTraceWriteIndex] = new RecentImportTraceEntry(
 			dispatchIndex,
 			nid,
 			returnRip,
 			arg0,
 			arg1,
-			arg2);
-		_recentImportTraceWriteIndex = (_recentImportTraceWriteIndex + 1) % _recentImportTrace.Length;
-		if (_recentImportTraceCount < _recentImportTrace.Length)
+			arg2,
+			GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle,
+			Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId);
+		_recentImportTraceWriteIndex = (_recentImportTraceWriteIndex + 1) % trace.Length;
+		if (_recentImportTraceCount < trace.Length)
 		{
 			_recentImportTraceCount++;
 		}
 	}

-	private void RecordDeferredBootstrapTrace(
-		long dispatchIndex,
-		ulong op,
-		ulong symbolPointer,
-		ulong outputPointer,
-		ulong returnRip)
-	{
-		lock (_deferredBootstrapTraceGate)
-		{
-			_deferredBootstrapTrace[_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex] = new DeferredBootstrapTraceEntry(
-				dispatchIndex,
-				op,
-				symbolPointer,
-				outputPointer,
-				returnRip);
-			_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex =
-				(_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex + 1) % _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length;
-			if (_deferredBootstrapTraceCount < _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length)
-			{
-				_deferredBootstrapTraceCount++;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	private void DrainDeferredBootstrapTraces()
-	{
-		if (!_logBootstrap)
-		{
-			return;
-		}
-
-		DeferredBootstrapTraceEntry[] pending;
-		lock (_deferredBootstrapTraceGate)
-		{
-			if (_deferredBootstrapTraceCount == 0)
-			{
-				return;
-			}
-
-			pending = new DeferredBootstrapTraceEntry[_deferredBootstrapTraceCount];
-			var readIndex = (_deferredBootstrapTraceWriteIndex - _deferredBootstrapTraceCount +
-				_deferredBootstrapTrace.Length) % _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length;
-			for (var i = 0; i < _deferredBootstrapTraceCount; i++)
-			{
-				pending[i] = _deferredBootstrapTrace[(readIndex + i) % _deferredBootstrapTrace.Length];
-			}
-
-			_deferredBootstrapTraceCount = 0;
-		}
-
-		foreach (var entry in pending)
-		{
-			var symbolText = "<unreadable>";
-			if (TryReadAsciiZ(entry.SymbolPointer, 256, out var sym))
-			{
-				symbolText = sym;
-			}
-
-			Console.Error.WriteLine(
-				$"[LOADER][TRACE] bootstrap_call#{entry.DispatchIndex}: op=0x{entry.Op:X16} " +
-				$"sym_ptr=0x{entry.SymbolPointer:X16} sym='{symbolText}' " +
-				$"out_ptr=0x{entry.OutputPointer:X16} ret=0x{entry.ReturnRip:X16}");
-		}
-	}
-
 	private void DumpRecentImportTrace()
 	{
-		if (_recentImportTraceCount == 0)
+		var trace = _recentImportTrace;
+		if (trace is null || _recentImportTraceCount == 0)
 		{
 			return;
 		}
-		Log.Info($"   Recent import calls ({_recentImportTraceCount}):");
-		int num = (_recentImportTraceWriteIndex - _recentImportTraceCount + _recentImportTrace.Length) % _recentImportTrace.Length;
+		Log.Info($"   Recent import calls for managed={Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} guest=0x{GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle:X16} ({_recentImportTraceCount}):");
+		int num = (_recentImportTraceWriteIndex - _recentImportTraceCount + trace.Length) % trace.Length;
 		for (int i = 0; i < _recentImportTraceCount; i++)
 		{
-			int num2 = (num + i) % _recentImportTrace.Length;
-			var entry = _recentImportTrace[num2];
+			int num2 = (num + i) % trace.Length;
+			var entry = trace[num2];
 			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(entry.Nid))
 			{
 				Log.Info(
-					$"     #{entry.DispatchIndex} nid={entry.Nid} ret=0x{entry.ReturnRip:X16} " +
+					$"     #{entry.DispatchIndex} managed={entry.ManagedThreadId} guest=0x{entry.GuestThreadHandle:X16} nid={entry.Nid} ret=0x{entry.ReturnRip:X16} " +
 					$"rdi=0x{entry.Arg0:X16} rsi=0x{entry.Arg1:X16} rdx=0x{entry.Arg2:X16}");
 			}
 		}
@@ -135,9 +123,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		int num2 = 0;
 		List<ulong> list = new List<ulong>(16);
 		ulong num3 = scanStart;
-		var hostMemory = ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory();
-		HostRegionInfo lpBuffer;
-		while (num3 < scanEnd && hostMemory.Query(num3, out lpBuffer))
+		MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64 lpBuffer;
+		while (num3 < scanEnd && VirtualQuery((void*)num3, out lpBuffer, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) != 0)
 		{
 			ulong baseAddress = lpBuffer.BaseAddress;
 			ulong num4 = baseAddress + lpBuffer.RegionSize;
@@ -147,7 +134,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			}
 			ulong value = Math.Max(num3, baseAddress);
 			ulong num5 = Math.Min(num4, scanEnd);
-			if (lpBuffer.State == HostRegionState.Committed && IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection) && !IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection))
+			if (lpBuffer.State == 4096 && IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect) && !IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect))
 			{
 				ulong num6 = AlignUp(value, 8uL);
 				for (ulong num7 = num6; num7 + 8 <= num5; num7 += 8)
@@ -186,6 +173,50 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return;
 		}
+		const int preludeSize = 192;
+		Span<byte> prelude = stackalloc byte[preludeSize];
+		if (returnRip >= preludeSize && cpuContext.Memory.TryRead(returnRip - preludeSize, prelude))
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][TRACE] Import#{dispatchIndex} pre-return bytes @0x{returnRip - preludeSize:X16}: " +
+				BitConverter.ToString(prelude.ToArray()).Replace("-", " "));
+
+			List<DecodedInst>? bestCallChain = null;
+			var preludeAddress = returnRip - preludeSize;
+			for (var startOffset = 0; startOffset < preludeSize; startOffset++)
+			{
+				var cursor = preludeAddress + (ulong)startOffset;
+				var candidate = new List<DecodedInst>();
+				while (cursor < returnRip && candidate.Count < 96 &&
+					IcedDecoder.TryReadGuestBytes(cpuContext.Memory, cursor, 15, out var instructionBytes) &&
+					IcedDecoder.TryDecode(cursor, instructionBytes, out var instruction) &&
+					instruction.Length > 0 &&
+					cursor + (ulong)instruction.Length <= returnRip)
+				{
+					candidate.Add(instruction);
+					cursor += (ulong)instruction.Length;
+				}
+
+				if (cursor == returnRip &&
+					candidate.Count > 0 &&
+					string.Equals(candidate[^1].Mnemonic, "Call", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+					(bestCallChain is null || candidate.Count > bestCallChain.Count))
+				{
+					bestCallChain = candidate;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (bestCallChain is not null)
+			{
+				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] Import#{dispatchIndex} pre-return disassembly:");
+				foreach (var instruction in bestCallChain.TakeLast(32))
+				{
+					Console.Error.WriteLine(
+						$"[LOADER][TRACE]   0x{instruction.Rip:X16}: {instruction.Text} " +
+						$"bytes={IcedDecoder.FormatBytes(instruction.Bytes)}");
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		Span<byte> destination = stackalloc byte[128];
 		if (!cpuContext.Memory.TryRead(returnRip, destination))
 		{
@@ -237,15 +268,14 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			ulong callRip = returnRip + (ulong)i;
 			ulong target = unchecked((ulong)((long)(callRip + 5) + rel32));
 			Log.Debug($"Import#{dispatchIndex} near-call @{callRip:X16}: target=0x{target:X16}");
-			var importEntries = _importEntries;
-			for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
+			for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < _importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
 			{
-				if (importEntries[importIndex].Address != target)
+				if (_importEntries[importIndex].Address != target)
 				{
 					continue;
 				}

-				string nid = importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
+				string nid = _importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
 				if (_moduleManager.TryGetExport(nid, out var export))
 				{
 					Log.Debug(
@@ -272,14 +302,14 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					{
 						Log.Debug(
 							$"Import#{dispatchIndex} near-call PLT slot: [0x{slot:X16}] = 0x{slotTarget:X16}");
-						for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
+						for (int importIndex = 0; importIndex < _importEntries.Length; importIndex++)
 						{
-							if (importEntries[importIndex].Address != slotTarget)
+							if (_importEntries[importIndex].Address != slotTarget)
 							{
 								continue;
 							}

-							string nid = importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
+							string nid = _importEntries[importIndex].Nid;
 							if (_moduleManager.TryGetExport(nid, out var export))
 							{
 								Log.Debug(
@@ -303,6 +333,28 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		return value == 65534 || value == 4294967294u || value == 18446744073709551614uL;
 	}

+	private static ulong ParseOptionalHexAddress(string? value)
+	{
+		if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+		{
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		var text = value.Trim();
+		if (text.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+		{
+			text = text[2..];
+		}
+
+		return ulong.TryParse(
+			text,
+			System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber,
+			System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
+			out var address)
+			? address
+			: 0;
+	}
+
 	private static bool IsPlausibleReturnAddress(ulong address)
 	{
 		return address >= 12884901888L && address < 17592186044416L && !IsUnresolvedSentinel(address);
@@ -352,7 +404,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		if (!ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory().Query(address, out var lpBuffer))
+		if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var lpBuffer, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -361,7 +413,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		if (lpBuffer.State != HostRegionState.Committed || !IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection))
+		if (lpBuffer.State != 4096 || !IsReadableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect))
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -393,12 +445,12 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return true;
 		}

-		if (!ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory().Query(address, out var lpBuffer))
+		if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var lpBuffer, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}

-		var executable = lpBuffer.State == HostRegionState.Committed && IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.RawProtection);
+		var executable = lpBuffer.State == 4096 && IsExecutableProtection(lpBuffer.Protect);
 		if (executable)
 		{
 			_knownExecutablePages.TryAdd(pageAddress, 0);
@@ -417,14 +469,6 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		return (value + num) & ~num;
 	}

-	// Diagnostics helpers are static (reachable from static handler paths), so
-	// they use the platform injected into the backend active on this thread and
-	// fall back to the process-wide singleton only when no run is bound.
-	private static IHostMemory ResolveDiagnosticsHostMemory()
-	{
-		return _activeExecutionBackend?._hostMemory ?? HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
-	}
-
 	private static bool IsReadableProtection(uint protect)
 	{
 		if ((protect & 0x100) != 0 || (protect & 1) != 0)
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Disasm;
-using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;

 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;

@@ -19,17 +17,25 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 {
 	private const ulong LazyCommitWindowBytes = 0x0200_0000UL;
 	private static int _lazyCommitTraceCount;
+	private static int _guestAllocatorHoleRecoveries;
+	private static int _auxiliaryThreadExecuteFaultRecoveries;

 	private unsafe void SetupExceptionHandler()
 	{
+		if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+		{
+			SetupPosixExceptionHandler();
+			return;
+		}
+
 		if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_RAW_HANDLER"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
 		{
-			_rawExceptionHandlerStub = _faultHandling.CreateHandlerThunk(RawVectoredHandlerPtrManaged, _hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _tlsGetValueAddress);
+			_rawExceptionHandlerStub = CreateExceptionHandlerTrampoline(RawVectoredHandlerPtrManaged);
 			if (_rawExceptionHandlerStub == 0)
 			{
 				throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create raw exception handler trampoline");
 			}
-			_rawExceptionHandler = _faultHandling.AddFirstChanceHandler(_rawExceptionHandlerStub);
+			_rawExceptionHandler = (nint)AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1u, _rawExceptionHandlerStub);
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] Raw exception handler installed: 0x{_rawExceptionHandler:X16}");
 		}
 		else
@@ -39,22 +45,22 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend

 		_handlerDelegate = VectoredHandler;
 		_handlerHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(_handlerDelegate);
-		_exceptionHandlerStub = _faultHandling.CreateHandlerThunk(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_handlerDelegate), _hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _tlsGetValueAddress);
+		_exceptionHandlerStub = CreateExceptionHandlerTrampoline(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_handlerDelegate));
 		if (_exceptionHandlerStub == 0)
 		{
 			throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create exception handler trampoline");
 		}
-		_exceptionHandler = _faultHandling.AddFirstChanceHandler(_exceptionHandlerStub);
+		_exceptionHandler = (nint)AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1u, _exceptionHandlerStub);
 		Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] Exception handler installed: 0x{_exceptionHandler:X16}");

 		_unhandledFilterDelegate = UnhandledExceptionFilter;
 		_unhandledFilterHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(_unhandledFilterDelegate);
-		_unhandledFilterStub = _faultHandling.CreateHandlerThunk(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_unhandledFilterDelegate), _hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _tlsGetValueAddress);
+		_unhandledFilterStub = CreateExceptionHandlerTrampoline(Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(_unhandledFilterDelegate));
 		if (_unhandledFilterStub == 0)
 		{
 			throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create unhandled exception filter trampoline");
 		}
-		_faultHandling.SetUnhandledFilter(_unhandledFilterStub);
+		SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(_unhandledFilterStub);
 	}

 	private unsafe int UnhandledExceptionFilter(void* exceptionInfo)
@@ -62,8 +68,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		try
 		{
 			EXCEPTION_RECORD* exceptionRecord = ((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ExceptionRecord;
-			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, CTX_RIP);
-			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, CTX_RSP);
+			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, 248);
+			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(((EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo)->ContextRecord, 152);
 			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][FATAL] Unhandled exception filter fired.");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FATAL]   Code: 0x{exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode:X8}");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FATAL]   Exception Address: 0x{(ulong)(nint)exceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress:X16}");
@@ -102,19 +108,28 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				return 0;
 			}

-			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP);
-			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP);
-
-			// Thread-mode probe: a hardware exception raised while this thread is inside
-			// the managed import gateway means the VEH->managed reentry happened from
-			// cooperative GC mode — a ReversePInvokeBadTransition candidate.
-			if (LogThreadMode && _threadModeGatewayDepth > 0)
+			ulong rip = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 248);
+			ulong rsp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 152);
+			if (TryRecoverGuestInt41(exceptionCode, contextRecord, rip))
 			{
-				TraceThreadMode(
-					$"veh_in_gateway code=0x{exceptionCode:X8} rip=0x{rip:X16} gateway_depth={_threadModeGatewayDepth}");
+				return -1;
+			}
+			if (TryRecoverAuxiliaryThreadExecuteFault(exceptionRecord, contextRecord, rip))
+			{
+				return -1;
 			}

-			if (exceptionCode == WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation && TryHandleLazyCommittedPage(exceptionRecord, rip, rsp))
+			if (exceptionCode == 3221225477u && TryHandleLazyCommittedPage(exceptionRecord, rip, rsp))
+			{
+				return -1;
+			}
+			if (exceptionCode == 3221225477u &&
+				TryRecoverGuestAllocatorHole(exceptionRecord, contextRecord, rip))
+			{
+				return -1;
+			}
+			if (exceptionCode == StatusIllegalInstruction &&
+				TryRecoverIllegalInstruction(contextRecord, rip))
 			{
 				return -1;
 			}
@@ -129,10 +144,10 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend

 			switch (exceptionCode)
 			{
-				case WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation:
+				case 3221225477u:
 					LogAccessViolationTrace(exceptionAddress, exceptionRecord);
 					break;
-				case WindowsFaultCodes.FastFail:
+				case 3221226505u:
 					{
 						ulong p0 = exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 1 ? (*exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation) : 0;
 						ulong p1 = exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 2 ? exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1] : 0;
@@ -142,27 +157,56 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					}
 			}

-			ulong rax = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RAX);
-			ulong rbx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RBX);
-			ulong rcx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RCX);
-			ulong rdx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RDX);
-			ulong rsi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSI);
-			ulong rdi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RDI);
-			ulong rbp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RBP);
-			ulong r8 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R8);
-			ulong r9 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R9);
-			ulong r10 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R10);
-			ulong r11 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R11);
-			ulong r12 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R12);
-			ulong r13 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R13);
-			ulong r14 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R14);
-			ulong r15 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_R15);
+			ulong rax = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 120);
+			ulong rbx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 144);
+			ulong rcx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 128);
+			ulong rdx = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 136);
+			ulong rsi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 168);
+			ulong rdi = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 176);
+			ulong rbp = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 160);
+			ulong r8 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 184);
+			ulong r9 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 192);
+			ulong r10 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 200);
+			ulong r11 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 208);
+			ulong r12 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 216);
+			ulong r13 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 224);
+			ulong r14 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 232);
+			ulong r15 = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 240);

 			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] =========================================");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] NATIVE EXCEPTION CAUGHT!");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   Code: 0x{exceptionCode:X8}");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   Exception Address: 0x{exceptionAddress:X16}");
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   RIP: 0x{rip:X16}");
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][INFO]   Host thread: managed={Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} " +
+				$"name='{Thread.CurrentThread.Name ?? "<unnamed>"}'");
+			if (_activeGuestThreadState is { } activeGuestThread)
+			{
+				Console.Error.WriteLine(
+					$"[LOADER][INFO]   Guest thread: handle=0x{activeGuestThread.ThreadHandle:X16} " +
+					$"name='{activeGuestThread.Name}' state={activeGuestThread.State} " +
+					$"last_import={activeGuestThread.LastImportNid ?? "<none>"} " +
+					$"last_ret=0x{activeGuestThread.LastReturnRip:X16}");
+				Console.Error.WriteLine(
+					$"[LOADER][INFO]   Last import registers: " +
+					$"rax=0x{Volatile.Read(ref activeGuestThread.LastImportRax):X16} " +
+					$"result_valid={Volatile.Read(ref activeGuestThread.LastImportResultValid) != 0} " +
+					$"rdi=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportRdi:X16} " +
+					$"rsi=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportRsi:X16} " +
+					$"rdx=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportRdx:X16} " +
+					$"rcx=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportRcx:X16} " +
+					$"r8=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportR8:X16} " +
+					$"r9=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportR9:X16}");
+				Console.Error.WriteLine(
+					$"[LOADER][INFO]   Last import stack args: " +
+					$"0=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportStack0:X16} " +
+					$"1=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportStack1:X16} " +
+					$"2=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportStack2:X16} " +
+					$"3=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportStack3:X16} " +
+					$"4=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportStack4:X16} " +
+					$"5=0x{activeGuestThread.LastImportStack5:X16}");
+			}
 			if (TryFormatNearestRuntimeSymbol(rip, out string symbol))
 			{
 				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   RIP symbol: " + symbol);
@@ -187,7 +231,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend

 			ulong accessType = 0;
 			ulong target = 0;
-			if (exceptionCode == WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation && exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 2)
+			if (exceptionCode == 3221225477u && exceptionRecord->NumberParameters >= 2)
 			{
 				accessType = *exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation;
 				target = exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];
@@ -200,27 +244,57 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				};
 				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   AV access: " + accessText);
 				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   AV target: 0x{target:X16}");
-				if (_hostMemory.Query(target, out var mbi))
+				if (VirtualQuery((void*)target, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) != 0)
 				{
-					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   AV target region: base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} state=0x{mbi.RawState:X08} protect=0x{mbi.RawProtection:X08}");
+					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   AV target region: base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} state=0x{mbi.State:X08} protect=0x{mbi.Protect:X08}");
 				}

 			}

-			try
+			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Stack qwords (RSP..):");
+			for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
 			{
-				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Stack qwords (RSP..):");
-				for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+				ulong stackAddr = rsp + (ulong)(i * 8);
+				if (!TryReadHostQword(stackAddr, out ulong value))
 				{
-					ulong stackAddr = rsp + (ulong)(i * 8);
-					ulong value = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)stackAddr);
-					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]     [rsp+0x{i * 8:X2}] @0x{stackAddr:X16} = 0x{value:X16}");
+					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Could not read stack qwords.");
+					break;
+				}
+				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]     [rsp+0x{i * 8:X2}] @0x{stackAddr:X16} = 0x{value:X16}");
+			}
+
+			if (string.Equals(
+					Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DUMP_FAULT_STACK_WINDOW"),
+					"1",
+					StringComparison.Ordinal))
+			{
+				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Full fault stack window (RSP-0x300..RSP+0x100):");
+				var windowStart = rsp >= 0x300 ? rsp - 0x300 : 0;
+				for (var stackAddr = windowStart; stackAddr < rsp + 0x100; stackAddr += 8)
+				{
+					if (!TryReadHostQword(stackAddr, out var value))
+					{
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					var relative = unchecked((long)(stackAddr - rsp));
+					var relativeText = relative >= 0
+						? $"+0x{relative:X}"
+						: $"-0x{-relative:X}";
+					var symbolText = TryFormatNearestRuntimeSymbol(value, out var stackSymbol)
+						? $" [{stackSymbol}]"
+						: string.Empty;
+					Console.Error.WriteLine(
+						$"[LOADER][INFO]     [rsp{relativeText}] " +
+						$"@0x{stackAddr:X16} = 0x{value:X16}{symbolText}");
 				}
 			}
-			catch
-			{
-				Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Could not read stack qwords.");
-			}
+
+			DumpPointerWindow("fault-register-rbx", rbx, 0x60);
+			DumpPointerWindow("fault-register-rsi", rsi, 0x60);
+			DumpPointerWindow("fault-register-rdi", rdi, 0x60);
+			DumpPointerWindow("fault-register-r13", r13, 0x60);
+			DumpPointerWindow("fault-register-r14", r14, 0x60);

 			try
 			{
@@ -228,12 +302,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				ulong frame = rbp;
 				for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
 				{
-					if (frame < 140733193388032L || frame > 140737488355327L)
+					if (frame < 0x10000)
 					{
 						break;
 					}
-					ulong next = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)frame);
-					ulong ret = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)(frame + 8));
+					if (!TryReadHostQword(frame, out ulong next) || !TryReadHostQword(frame + 8, out ulong ret))
+					{
+						Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Could not walk RBP frame chain.");
+						break;
+					}
 					string extra = TryFormatNearestRuntimeSymbol(ret, out string retSym) ? $" [{retSym}]" : string.Empty;
 					Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]     frame#{i}: rbp=0x{frame:X16} ret=0x{ret:X16}{extra} next=0x{next:X16}");
 					if (next <= frame)
@@ -250,16 +327,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend

 			switch (exceptionCode)
 			{
-				case WindowsFaultCodes.AccessViolation:
+				case 3221225477u:
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]   Type: Access Violation");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]   This usually means:");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]     - Guest code called an unmapped import");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]     - Guest code accessed unmapped memory");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]     - Need to implement HLE for this NID");
-					try
+					byte[] code = new byte[16];
+					if (TryReadHostBytes(rip, code))
 					{
-						byte[] code = new byte[16];
-						Marshal.Copy((nint)rip, code, 0, code.Length);
 						Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Code at RIP: " + BitConverter.ToString(code).Replace("-", " "));
 						if (code[0] == 100)
 						{
@@ -275,34 +351,67 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 							Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   RBP: 0x{rbp:X16} (mod 16 = {rbp % 16})");
 							Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO]   RSP: 0x{rsp:X16} (mod 16 = {rsp % 16})");
 						}
-						if (rip > 16)
+						byte[] before = new byte[16];
+						if (rip > 16 && TryReadHostBytes(rip - 16, before))
 						{
-							byte[] before = new byte[16];
-							Marshal.Copy((nint)(rip - 16), before, 0, before.Length);
 							Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Code before RIP: " + BitConverter.ToString(before).Replace("-", " "));
 						}
-						if (rip > 32)
+						byte[] window = new byte[64];
+						if (rip > 32 && TryReadHostBytes(rip - 32, window))
 						{
-							byte[] window = new byte[64];
-							Marshal.Copy((nint)(rip - 32), window, 0, window.Length);
 							Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Code window [RIP-0x20..]: " + BitConverter.ToString(window).Replace("-", " "));
 						}
+						for (var stackIndex = 0; stackIndex < 16; stackIndex++)
+						{
+							byte[] stackSlot = new byte[8];
+							if (!TryReadHostBytes(rsp + (ulong)(stackIndex * 8), stackSlot))
+							{
+								continue;
+							}
+							var candidate = BitConverter.ToUInt64(stackSlot);
+							if (candidate < _entryPoint || candidate >= _entryPoint + 0x10000000 || candidate < 24)
+							{
+								continue;
+							}
+							byte[] callSiteWindow = new byte[48];
+							if (TryReadHostBytes(candidate - 24, callSiteWindow))
+							{
+								Console.Error.WriteLine(
+									$"[LOADER][INFO]   Stack guest-code candidate [rsp+0x{stackIndex * 8:X2}]=0x{candidate:X16}, bytes [-0x18..]: " +
+									BitConverter.ToString(callSiteWindow).Replace("-", " "));
+							}
+						}
 					}
-					catch
+					else
 					{
 						Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]   Could not read code at RIP");
 					}
 					DumpRecentImportTrace();
-					DumpGuestDisasmDiagnostics(rip, rbp);
+					DumpGuestDisasmDiagnostics(rip, rbp, rsp);
+					DumpGuestRegisterWindowDiagnostics(
+						rax, rbx, rcx, rdx, rsi, rdi, rbp, rsp,
+						r8, r9, r10, r11, r12, r13, r14, r15);
 					DumpGuestReferenceDiagnostics();
 					DumpGuestPointerWindowDiagnostics();
 					break;
-				case WindowsFaultCodes.Breakpoint:
+				case 2147483651u:
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Type: Breakpoint (int3)");
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARNING]   Unexpected breakpoint in direct-bridge mode");
 					break;
-				case WindowsFaultCodes.IllegalInstruction:
+				case 1073741845u:
+					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][ERROR]   Type: Abort (SIGABRT)");
+					DumpRecentImportTrace();
+					DumpGuestDisasmDiagnostics(rip, rbp, rsp);
+					break;
+				case 3221225501u:
 					Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Type: Illegal Instruction");
+					byte[] illegalCode = new byte[16];
+					if (TryReadHostBytes(rip, illegalCode))
+					{
+						Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO]   Code at RIP: " + BitConverter.ToString(illegalCode).Replace("-", " "));
+					}
+					DumpRecentImportTrace();
+					DumpGuestDisasmDiagnostics(rip, rbp, rsp);
 					break;
 			}

@@ -316,6 +425,108 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		}
 	}

+	private unsafe bool TryRecoverAuxiliaryThreadExecuteFault(
+		EXCEPTION_RECORD* exceptionRecord,
+		void* contextRecord,
+		ulong rip)
+	{
+		if (exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode != 3221225477u ||
+			rip >= 0x0000000800000000UL ||
+			_activeGuestThreadState is not { Name: "tbb_thead" } activeThread)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		var hostExit = ActiveEntryReturnSentinelRip;
+		if (hostExit < 0x10000)
+		{
+			hostExit = unchecked((ulong)_guestReturnStub);
+		}
+		if (hostExit < 0x10000)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][WARN] Could not recover auxiliary TBB execute fault: target=0x{rip:X16} " +
+				$"active_exit=0x{ActiveEntryReturnSentinelRip:X16} guest_return_stub=0x{unchecked((ulong)_guestReturnStub):X16}");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		_ = TryPatchActiveGuestReturnSlot(hostExit);
+		WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, 120, 0);
+		WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, 248, hostExit);
+		var recovery = Interlocked.Increment(ref _auxiliaryThreadExecuteFaultRecoveries);
+		Console.Error.WriteLine(
+			$"[LOADER][WARN] Recovered auxiliary TBB execute fault #{recovery}: " +
+			$"thread=0x{activeThread.ThreadHandle:X16} target=0x{rip:X16} -> host_exit=0x{hostExit:X16}");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	private unsafe bool TryRecoverGuestInt41(uint exceptionCode, void* contextRecord, ulong rip)
+	{
+		if (!_ignoreGuestInt41 || exceptionCode != 3221225477u || rip < 0x10000)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		byte[] opcode = new byte[2];
+		if (!TryReadHostBytes(rip, opcode) || opcode[0] != 0xCD || opcode[1] != 0x41)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		var count = Interlocked.Increment(ref _ignoredGuestInt41Count);
+		WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, 248, rip + 2);
+		if (count <= 16 || count % 65536 == 0)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][WARN] Ignored guest int 0x41 trap #{count} at 0x{rip:X16} (SHARPEMU_IGNORE_INT41=1)");
+			Console.Error.Flush();
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	private unsafe static bool TryRecoverGuestAllocatorHole(
+		EXCEPTION_RECORD* exceptionRecord,
+		void* contextRecord,
+		ulong rip)
+	{
+		if (string.Equals(
+				Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_GUEST_ALLOCATOR_HOLE_RECOVERY"),
+				"1",
+				StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+			exceptionRecord->NumberParameters < 2 ||
+			exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[0] != 0 ||
+			exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1] != 8 ||
+			ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RDI) != 0 ||
+			rip < 0x10000)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Demon's Souls occasionally leaves an empty payload in a locked pool
+		// tree node. The allocator dereferences payload+8 before reaching its
+		// existing empty-pool fallback. Match the instruction stream instead of
+		// a title-specific absolute address, then resume at that fallback so the
+		// lock is released and the allocator can try its next backing pool.
+		const ulong allocatorHoleSignature = 0x634CFF568D08778BUL;
+		if (*(ulong*)rip != allocatorHoleSignature || *((byte*)rip + 8) != 0xF2)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		const ulong emptyPoolFallbackDelta = 0x8E;
+		WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP, rip + emptyPoolFallbackDelta);
+		var recovery = Interlocked.Increment(ref _guestAllocatorHoleRecoveries);
+		if (recovery <= 16 || (recovery & (recovery - 1)) == 0)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][WARN] Guest allocator empty-node adapter recovery #{recovery}: " +
+				$"rip=0x{rip:X16} -> 0x{rip + emptyPoolFallbackDelta:X16}");
+			Console.Error.Flush();
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	private static bool IsBenignHostDebugException(uint exceptionCode)
 	{
 		return exceptionCode is DBG_PRINTEXCEPTION_C or DBG_PRINTEXCEPTION_WIDE_C or MS_VC_THREADNAME_EXCEPTION;
@@ -334,8 +545,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			EXCEPTION_POINTERS* pointers = (EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)exceptionInfo;
 			EXCEPTION_RECORD* record = pointers->ExceptionRecord;
 			void* contextRecord = pointers->ContextRecord;
-			ulong rip = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP) : 0;
-			ulong rsp = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP) : 0;
+			ulong rip = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 248) : 0;
+			ulong rsp = contextRecord != null ? ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, 152) : 0;
 			ulong accessType = record->NumberParameters >= 1 ? *record->ExceptionInformation : 0;
 			ulong target = record->NumberParameters >= 2 ? record->ExceptionInformation[1] : 0;
 			Console.Error.WriteLine(
@@ -395,7 +606,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		}
 	}

-	private void DumpGuestDisasmDiagnostics(ulong rip, ulong rbp)
+	private void DumpGuestDisasmDiagnostics(ulong rip, ulong rbp, ulong rsp)
 	{
 		if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_DISASM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
 		{
@@ -407,12 +618,20 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			DumpGuestInstructionStream("fault-prelude", rip - 0x20, 24);
 		}

+		// Optimized guest code frequently omits frame pointers. The return
+		// address at RSP is then more useful than an RBP walk and identifies the
+		// exact call site that supplied the faulting arguments.
+		if (TryReadHostQword(rsp, out var stackReturn) && stackReturn >= 0x60)
+		{
+			DumpGuestInstructionStream("stack-return-prelude", stackReturn - 0x60, 40);
+		}
+
 		try
 		{
 			ulong frame = rbp;
 			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
 			{
-				if (frame < 140733193388032L || frame > 140737488355327L)
+				if (frame < 0x10000)
 				{
 					break;
 				}
@@ -481,7 +700,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		ulong address = scanBase;
 		while (address < scanEnd)
 		{
-			if (!_hostMemory.Query(address, out var mbi))
+			if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
 			{
 				break;
 			}
@@ -493,9 +712,9 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				break;
 			}

-			if (mbi.State == HostRegionState.Committed &&
-				IsReadableProtection(mbi.RawProtection) &&
-				IsExecutableProtection(mbi.RawProtection))
+			if (mbi.State == MEM_COMMIT &&
+				IsReadableProtection(mbi.Protect) &&
+				IsExecutableProtection(mbi.Protect))
 			{
 				ScanExecutableRegionForTargetReferences(regionBase, regionEnd, targetList, hitCounts, maxHitsPerTarget);
 			}
@@ -556,6 +775,55 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		}
 	}

+	private void DumpGuestRegisterWindowDiagnostics(
+		ulong rax,
+		ulong rbx,
+		ulong rcx,
+		ulong rdx,
+		ulong rsi,
+		ulong rdi,
+		ulong rbp,
+		ulong rsp,
+		ulong r8,
+		ulong r9,
+		ulong r10,
+		ulong r11,
+		ulong r12,
+		ulong r13,
+		ulong r14,
+		ulong r15)
+	{
+		if (!string.Equals(
+				Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_REGISTER_WINDOWS"),
+				"1",
+				StringComparison.Ordinal))
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// A register can be the only surviving reference to the object or
+		// argument array that caused a native guest fault. Capture a compact
+		// window while the process is alive so the post-mortem log can
+		// distinguish an absent object from a partially initialized one.
+		var registers = new (string Name, ulong Value)[]
+		{
+			("rax", rax), ("rbx", rbx), ("rcx", rcx), ("rdx", rdx),
+			("rsi", rsi), ("rdi", rdi), ("rbp", rbp), ("rsp", rsp),
+			("r8", r8), ("r9", r9), ("r10", r10), ("r11", r11),
+			("r12", r12), ("r13", r13), ("r14", r14), ("r15", r15),
+		};
+		var seen = new HashSet<ulong>();
+		foreach (var (name, value) in registers)
+		{
+			if (value < 0x10000 || !seen.Add(value))
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			DumpPointerWindow($"register-{name}", value, 0x80);
+		}
+	}
+
 	private void ScanExecutableRegionForTargetReferences(
 		ulong regionBase,
 		ulong regionEnd,
@@ -800,13 +1068,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return false;
 		}

-		if (!_hostMemory.Query(address, out var mbi))
+		if (VirtualQuery((void*)address, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}

 		ulong regionEnd = mbi.BaseAddress + mbi.RegionSize;
-		if (mbi.State != HostRegionState.Committed || !IsReadableProtection(mbi.RawProtection) || regionEnd <= address || address > regionEnd - 8)
+		if (mbi.State != MEM_COMMIT || !IsReadableProtection(mbi.Protect) || regionEnd <= address || address > regionEnd - 8)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -823,6 +1091,61 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		}
 	}

+	private static bool TryReadHostQword(ulong address, out ulong value)
+	{
+		if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+		{
+			// A stray read inside the signal handler would raise a nested
+			// SIGSEGV and kill the process before diagnostics finish, so
+			// probe the region table instead of relying on try/catch.
+			return TryReadStackU64(address, out value);
+		}
+
+		value = 0;
+		try
+		{
+			value = (ulong)Marshal.ReadInt64((nint)address);
+			return true;
+		}
+		catch
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private unsafe static bool TryReadHostBytes(ulong address, byte[] buffer)
+	{
+		if (address < 65536)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+		{
+			// See TryReadHostQword: probe every touched page before reading.
+			ulong end = address + (ulong)buffer.Length;
+			for (ulong page = address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000uL; page < end; page += 4096)
+			{
+				if (VirtualQuery((void*)page, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0 ||
+					mbi.State != MEM_COMMIT ||
+					!IsReadableProtection(mbi.Protect))
+				{
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		try
+		{
+			Marshal.Copy((nint)address, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+			return true;
+		}
+		catch
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
 	private string FormatPointerWithNearestSymbol(ulong value)
 	{
 		string text = $"0x{value:X16}";
@@ -918,25 +1241,25 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		if (!_hostMemory.Query(faultAddress, out var mbi))
+		if (VirtualQuery((void*)faultAddress, out var mbi, (nuint)sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION64)) == 0)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}

 		ulong pageBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000uL;
-		uint commitProtect = ResolveLazyCommitProtection(accessType, mbi.RawAllocationProtection);
+		uint commitProtect = ResolveLazyCommitProtection(accessType, mbi.AllocationProtect);
 		int traceIndex = Interlocked.Increment(ref _lazyCommitTraceCount);
 		bool traceLazyCommit = ShouldTraceLazyCommit(traceIndex);
 		if (traceLazyCommit)
 		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-query#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} owner={owner} rip=0x{rip:X16} rsp=0x{rsp:X16} state=0x{mbi.RawState:X08} base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} alloc=0x{mbi.RawAllocationProtection:X08} prot=0x{mbi.RawProtection:X08}");
+			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-query#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} owner={owner} rip=0x{rip:X16} rsp=0x{rsp:X16} state=0x{mbi.State:X08} base=0x{mbi.BaseAddress:X16} size=0x{mbi.RegionSize:X16} alloc=0x{mbi.AllocationProtect:X08} prot=0x{mbi.Protect:X08}");
 		}

-		if (mbi.State == HostRegionState.Committed && IsAccessCompatible(accessType, mbi.RawProtection))
+		if (mbi.State == 4096 && IsAccessCompatible(accessType, mbi.Protect))
 		{
 			if (traceLazyCommit)
 			{
-				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-commit-race#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} protect=0x{mbi.RawProtection:X08}");
+				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-commit-race#{traceIndex}: fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} protect=0x{mbi.Protect:X08}");
 			}
 			return true;
 		}
@@ -945,10 +1268,10 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		ulong committedBase = 0;
 		ulong committedSize = 0;

-		if (mbi.State == HostRegionState.Free)
+		if (mbi.State == 65536)
 		{
 			if (TryGetLazyCommitWindow(faultAddress, mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, out var windowBase, out var windowSize) &&
-				TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, windowBase, windowSize, windowBase, windowSize, commitProtect))
+				TryReserveThenCommit(windowBase, windowSize, windowBase, windowSize, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = windowBase;
@@ -957,7 +1280,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			else
 			{
 				ulong largeBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFE00000uL;
-				if (TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, largeBase, 2097152uL, largeBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
+				if (TryReserveThenCommit(largeBase, 2097152uL, largeBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
 				{
 					committed = true;
 					committedBase = largeBase;
@@ -968,13 +1291,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			if (!committed)
 			{
 				ulong region64kBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0000uL;
-				if (TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, region64kBase, 65536uL, region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
+				if (TryReserveThenCommit(region64kBase, 65536uL, region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
 				{
 					committed = true;
 					committedBase = region64kBase;
 					committedSize = 65536uL;
 				}
-				else if (TryReserveThenCommit(_hostMemory, pageBase, 4096uL, pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
+				else if (TryReserveThenCommit(pageBase, 4096uL, pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
 				{
 					committed = true;
 					committedBase = pageBase;
@@ -987,7 +1310,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				return false;
 			}

-			TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
+			TryCommitRange(pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
 			if (traceLazyCommit)
 			{
 				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-reserve-commit#{traceIndex}: addr=0x{committedBase:X16} size=0x{committedSize:X16} access={accessType} protect=0x{commitProtect:X8}");
@@ -995,13 +1318,13 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return true;
 		}

-		if (mbi.State != HostRegionState.Reserved)
+		if (mbi.State != 8192)
 		{
 			return false;
 		}

 		if (TryGetLazyCommitWindow(faultAddress, mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, out var commitWindowBase, out var commitWindowSize) &&
-			TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, commitWindowBase, commitWindowSize, commitProtect))
+			TryCommitRange(commitWindowBase, commitWindowSize, commitProtect))
 		{
 			committed = true;
 			committedBase = commitWindowBase;
@@ -1010,7 +1333,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		else
 		{
 			ulong largeCommitBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFE00000uL;
-			if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, largeCommitBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
+			if (TryCommitRange(largeCommitBase, 2097152uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = largeCommitBase;
@@ -1021,19 +1344,19 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		if (!committed)
 		{
 			ulong region64kBase = faultAddress & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0000uL;
-			if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
+			if (TryCommitRange(region64kBase, 65536uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = region64kBase;
 				committedSize = 65536uL;
 			}
-			else if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase, 8192uL, commitProtect))
+			else if (TryCommitRange(pageBase, 8192uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = pageBase;
 				committedSize = 8192uL;
 			}
-			else if (TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
+			else if (TryCommitRange(pageBase, 4096uL, commitProtect))
 			{
 				committed = true;
 				committedBase = pageBase;
@@ -1046,7 +1369,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return false;
 		}

-		TryCommitRange(_hostMemory, pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
+		TryCommitRange(pageBase + 4096, 4096uL, commitProtect);
 		if (traceLazyCommit)
 		{
 			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] lazy-commit#{traceIndex}: addr=0x{committedBase:X16} size=0x{committedSize:X16} access={accessType} protect=0x{commitProtect:X8}");
@@ -1087,33 +1410,31 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return true;
 		}

-		// The commit protection is one of the two raw values ResolveLazyCommitProtection
-		// produces (0x40 RWX / 0x04 RW); the enum mapping reproduces those exactly.
-		static bool TryCommitRange(IHostMemory hostMemory, ulong baseAddress, ulong length, uint protection)
+		static unsafe bool TryCommitRange(ulong baseAddress, ulong length, uint protection)
 		{
 			if (length == 0)
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			return hostMemory.Commit(baseAddress, length, protection == 64u ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute : HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
+			return VirtualAlloc((void*)baseAddress, (nuint)length, 4096u, protection) != null;
 		}

-		static bool TryReserveRange(IHostMemory hostMemory, ulong baseAddress, ulong length)
+		static unsafe bool TryReserveRange(ulong baseAddress, ulong length)
 		{
 			if (length == 0)
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			return hostMemory.Reserve(baseAddress, length, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite) != 0;
+			return VirtualAlloc((void*)baseAddress, (nuint)length, 8192u, 4u) != null;
 		}

-		static bool TryReserveThenCommit(IHostMemory hostMemory, ulong reserveAddress, ulong reserveSize, ulong commitAddress, ulong commitSize, uint protection)
+		static bool TryReserveThenCommit(ulong reserveAddress, ulong reserveSize, ulong commitAddress, ulong commitSize, uint protection)
 		{
-			if (!TryReserveRange(hostMemory, reserveAddress, reserveSize))
+			if (!TryReserveRange(reserveAddress, reserveSize))
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			return TryCommitRange(hostMemory, commitAddress, commitSize, protection);
+			return TryCommitRange(commitAddress, commitSize, protection);
 		}

 		static bool IsAccessCompatible(ulong accessType, uint protection)
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Threading;
+using Iced.Intel;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Emulation;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
+
+// Software fallback for the BMI1/BMI2/ABM general-purpose-register instructions.
+//
+// Guest code runs natively, so the guest and host share the same virtual address space and the
+// same registers (the OS delivers them in the CONTEXT record on a fault). When the host CPU lacks
+// one of these extensions it raises #UD instead of executing the opcode; without this the title
+// simply aborts. Here we decode the faulting instruction, evaluate it against the trapped register
+// and memory state, write the result back into the CONTEXT, step RIP past the instruction and ask
+// the OS to continue. Only the register-only BMI/ABM forms are handled; anything else returns false
+// and falls through to the existing diagnostics unchanged, so this can never mis-handle an opcode it
+// does not fully model.
+public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
+{
+    // Windows x64 CONTEXT.EFlags lives just past the segment selectors. The GPR offsets it shares
+    // with the rest of the backend are the CTX_* constants declared in DirectExecutionBackend.cs.
+    private const int CTX_EFLAGS = 68;
+
+    // STATUS_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION (#UD surfaced by the Windows vectored handler).
+    private const uint StatusIllegalInstruction = 0xC000001Du;
+
+    private const int MaxInstructionBytes = 15;
+
+    // Instruction-window sizes tried in turn so a fault near a page boundary still decodes.
+    private static readonly int[] DecodeWindowSizes = { MaxInstructionBytes, 11, 8, 4, 2 };
+
+    private static int _bmiSoftwareFallbackAnnounced;
+    private static long _bmiInstructionsEmulated;
+
+    private unsafe bool TryRecoverIllegalInstruction(void* contextRecord, ulong rip)
+    {
+        if (!TryReadFaultingInstruction(rip, out var instruction))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (instruction.Op0Kind != OpKind.Register ||
+            !TryGetGprSlot(instruction.Op0Register, out var destOffset, out var size))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!TryEvaluate(contextRecord, in instruction, size, out var result, out var flagsChanged, out var eflags))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, destOffset, result);
+        if (flagsChanged)
+        {
+            WriteCtxU32(contextRecord, CTX_EFLAGS, eflags);
+        }
+
+        WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP, rip + (ulong)instruction.Length);
+
+        Interlocked.Increment(ref _bmiInstructionsEmulated);
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _bmiSoftwareFallbackAnnounced, 1) == 0)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                "[LOADER][INFO] Host lacks a BMI/ABM extension used by the guest; " +
+                "emulating those instructions in software.");
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private unsafe bool TryEvaluate(
+        void* contextRecord,
+        in Instruction instruction,
+        GprOperandSize size,
+        out ulong result,
+        out bool flagsChanged,
+        out uint eflags)
+    {
+        result = 0;
+        flagsChanged = false;
+        eflags = ReadCtxU32(contextRecord, CTX_EFLAGS);
+
+        switch (instruction.Mnemonic)
+        {
+            case Mnemonic.Andn:
+                if (!TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var andnSrc1) ||
+                    !TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 2, size, out var andnSrc2))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = BmiInstructionEmulator.Andn(andnSrc1, andnSrc2, size, ref eflags);
+                flagsChanged = true;
+                return true;
+
+            case Mnemonic.Blsi:
+            case Mnemonic.Blsmsk:
+            case Mnemonic.Blsr:
+                if (!TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var blsSrc))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = instruction.Mnemonic switch
+                {
+                    Mnemonic.Blsi => BmiInstructionEmulator.Blsi(blsSrc, size, ref eflags),
+                    Mnemonic.Blsmsk => BmiInstructionEmulator.Blsmsk(blsSrc, size, ref eflags),
+                    _ => BmiInstructionEmulator.Blsr(blsSrc, size, ref eflags),
+                };
+                flagsChanged = true;
+                return true;
+
+            case Mnemonic.Bextr:
+                if (!TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var bextrSrc) ||
+                    !TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 2, size, out var bextrControl))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = BmiInstructionEmulator.Bextr(bextrSrc, bextrControl, size, ref eflags);
+                flagsChanged = true;
+                return true;
+
+            case Mnemonic.Bzhi:
+                if (!TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var bzhiSrc) ||
+                    !TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 2, size, out var bzhiIndex))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = BmiInstructionEmulator.Bzhi(bzhiSrc, bzhiIndex, size, ref eflags);
+                flagsChanged = true;
+                return true;
+
+            case Mnemonic.Tzcnt:
+            case Mnemonic.Lzcnt:
+                if (!TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var cntSrc))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = instruction.Mnemonic == Mnemonic.Tzcnt
+                    ? BmiInstructionEmulator.Tzcnt(cntSrc, size, ref eflags)
+                    : BmiInstructionEmulator.Lzcnt(cntSrc, size, ref eflags);
+                flagsChanged = true;
+                return true;
+
+            case Mnemonic.Rorx:
+                if (instruction.Op2Kind != OpKind.Immediate8 ||
+                    !TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var rorxSrc))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = BmiInstructionEmulator.Rorx(rorxSrc, instruction.Immediate8, size);
+                return true;
+
+            case Mnemonic.Sarx:
+            case Mnemonic.Shlx:
+            case Mnemonic.Shrx:
+                if (!TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var shiftSrc) ||
+                    !TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 2, size, out var shiftCount))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = instruction.Mnemonic switch
+                {
+                    Mnemonic.Sarx => BmiInstructionEmulator.Sarx(shiftSrc, (int)shiftCount, size),
+                    Mnemonic.Shlx => BmiInstructionEmulator.Shlx(shiftSrc, (int)shiftCount, size),
+                    _ => BmiInstructionEmulator.Shrx(shiftSrc, (int)shiftCount, size),
+                };
+                return true;
+
+            case Mnemonic.Pdep:
+            case Mnemonic.Pext:
+                if (!TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 1, size, out var packSrc) ||
+                    !TryReadOperand(contextRecord, in instruction, 2, size, out var packMask))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                result = instruction.Mnemonic == Mnemonic.Pdep
+                    ? BmiInstructionEmulator.Pdep(packSrc, packMask, size)
+                    : BmiInstructionEmulator.Pext(packSrc, packMask, size);
+                return true;
+
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private unsafe bool TryReadFaultingInstruction(ulong rip, out Instruction instruction)
+    {
+        // Try the full instruction window first, then shrink so a fault near the end of a mapped
+        // page (where fewer than 15 bytes are readable) still decodes.
+        foreach (var attempt in DecodeWindowSizes)
+        {
+            var buffer = new byte[attempt];
+            if (!TryReadHostBytes(rip, buffer))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var decoder = Decoder.Create(64, new ByteArrayCodeReader(buffer));
+            decoder.IP = rip;
+            decoder.Decode(out instruction);
+            if (instruction.Code != Code.INVALID && instruction.Length > 0 && instruction.Length <= attempt)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        instruction = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private unsafe bool TryReadOperand(
+        void* contextRecord,
+        in Instruction instruction,
+        int operandIndex,
+        GprOperandSize size,
+        out ulong value)
+    {
+        value = 0;
+        switch (instruction.GetOpKind(operandIndex))
+        {
+            case OpKind.Register:
+                if (!TryGetGprSlot(instruction.GetOpRegister(operandIndex), out var offset, out _))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                var raw = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, offset);
+                value = size == GprOperandSize.Bits64 ? raw : raw & 0xFFFF_FFFFUL;
+                return true;
+
+            case OpKind.Memory:
+                if (!TryComputeMemoryAddress(contextRecord, in instruction, out var address))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                var byteCount = size == GprOperandSize.Bits64 ? 8 : 4;
+                var buffer = new byte[byteCount];
+                if (!TryReadHostBytes(address, buffer))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                value = byteCount == 8
+                    ? BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(buffer)
+                    : BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+                return true;
+
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private unsafe bool TryComputeMemoryAddress(void* contextRecord, in Instruction instruction, out ulong address)
+    {
+        address = 0;
+
+        // FS/GS-relative operands need the guest segment base, which is not modelled here.
+        if (instruction.SegmentPrefix != Register.None)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (instruction.IsIPRelativeMemoryOperand)
+        {
+            address = instruction.IPRelativeMemoryAddress;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var effective = instruction.MemoryDisplacement64;
+        if (instruction.MemoryBase != Register.None)
+        {
+            if (!TryGetGpr64Offset(instruction.MemoryBase, out var baseOffset))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            effective += ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, baseOffset);
+        }
+
+        if (instruction.MemoryIndex != Register.None)
+        {
+            if (!TryGetGpr64Offset(instruction.MemoryIndex, out var indexOffset))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            effective += ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, indexOffset) * (ulong)instruction.MemoryIndexScale;
+        }
+
+        address = effective;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Maps a 32- or 64-bit GPR to its CONTEXT offset and reports the operand width it implies.
+    private static bool TryGetGprSlot(Register register, out int offset, out GprOperandSize size)
+    {
+        switch (register)
+        {
+            case Register.EAX: offset = CTX_RAX; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.ECX: offset = CTX_RCX; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.EDX: offset = CTX_RDX; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.EBX: offset = CTX_RBX; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.ESP: offset = CTX_RSP; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.EBP: offset = CTX_RBP; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.ESI: offset = CTX_RSI; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.EDI: offset = CTX_RDI; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R8D: offset = CTX_R8; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R9D: offset = CTX_R9; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R10D: offset = CTX_R10; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R11D: offset = CTX_R11; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R12D: offset = CTX_R12; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R13D: offset = CTX_R13; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R14D: offset = CTX_R14; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            case Register.R15D: offset = CTX_R15; size = GprOperandSize.Bits32; return true;
+            default:
+                if (TryGetGpr64Offset(register, out offset))
+                {
+                    size = GprOperandSize.Bits64;
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                size = GprOperandSize.Bits32;
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryGetGpr64Offset(Register register, out int offset)
+    {
+        switch (register)
+        {
+            case Register.RAX: offset = CTX_RAX; return true;
+            case Register.RCX: offset = CTX_RCX; return true;
+            case Register.RDX: offset = CTX_RDX; return true;
+            case Register.RBX: offset = CTX_RBX; return true;
+            case Register.RSP: offset = CTX_RSP; return true;
+            case Register.RBP: offset = CTX_RBP; return true;
+            case Register.RSI: offset = CTX_RSI; return true;
+            case Register.RDI: offset = CTX_RDI; return true;
+            case Register.R8: offset = CTX_R8; return true;
+            case Register.R9: offset = CTX_R9; return true;
+            case Register.R10: offset = CTX_R10; return true;
+            case Register.R11: offset = CTX_R11; return true;
+            case Register.R12: offset = CTX_R12; return true;
+            case Register.R13: offset = CTX_R13; return true;
+            case Register.R14: offset = CTX_R14; return true;
+            case Register.R15: offset = CTX_R15; return true;
+            default: offset = 0; return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;

 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;

@@ -36,6 +35,20 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 	private bool _nativeWorkersDisposed;
 	private int _nativeWorkerCreationFailedLogged;

+	private const uint StackSizeParamIsAReservation = 0x00010000u;
+
+	[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+	private static extern nint CreateThread(
+		nint lpThreadAttributes,
+		nuint dwStackSize,
+		nint lpStartAddress,
+		nint lpParameter,
+		uint dwCreationFlags,
+		out uint lpThreadId);
+
+	[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+	private static extern uint WaitForSingleObject(nint hHandle, uint dwMilliseconds);
+
 	// Runs an emitted guest entry stub. Preferred path is a pooled native worker
 	// thread; falls back to the historical inline calli (guest frames above this
 	// thread's managed frames) when workers are disabled or unavailable.
@@ -48,7 +61,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		var worker = RentNativeGuestExecutor();
 		if (worker is null)
 		{
-			_hostThreading.SetTlsValue(_hostRspSlotTlsIndex, (nint)hostRspSlot);
+			TlsSetValue(_hostRspSlotTlsIndex, (nint)hostRspSlot);
 			return CallNativeEntry(entryStub);
 		}
 		try
@@ -79,7 +92,10 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend

 	private NativeGuestExecutor? RentNativeGuestExecutor()
 	{
-		if (NativeGuestWorkersDisabled)
+		// NativeGuestExecutor emits a Win32 wait loop and creates it with
+		// kernel32!CreateThread. POSIX hosts use the established inline entry
+		// path until the worker loop has a pthread/eventfd implementation.
+		if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows() || NativeGuestWorkersDisabled)
 		{
 			return null;
 		}
@@ -172,8 +188,20 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		private static nint _exitThreadAddress;

 		private readonly DirectExecutionBackend _backend;
-		private readonly AutoResetEvent _workAvailable = new(false);
-		private readonly AutoResetEvent _workCompleted = new(false);
+		// Windows uses AutoResetEvent (its SafeWaitHandle is a real kernel
+		// event the emitted loop can wait on); POSIX uses worker-event
+		// semaphores shared the same way via PosixHostStubs.
+		private readonly AutoResetEvent? _workAvailable;
+		private readonly AutoResetEvent? _workCompleted;
+		private nint _workSemaphore;
+		private nint _doneSemaphore;
+
+		// RunPrologue/RunEpilogue compile to the host ABI (SysV on POSIX); the
+		// emitted loop calls them with Win64 registers, so POSIX routes the
+		// calls through register-shuffling thunks (shared by all workers).
+		private static nint _posixPrologueThunk;
+		private static nint _posixEpilogueThunk;
+		private static readonly object PosixThunkGate = new();
 		private GCHandle _selfHandle;
 		private void* _controlBlock;
 		private void* _loopStub;
@@ -212,11 +240,16 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		private NativeGuestExecutor(DirectExecutionBackend backend)
 		{
 			_backend = backend;
+			if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+			{
+				_workAvailable = new AutoResetEvent(false);
+				_workCompleted = new AutoResetEvent(false);
+			}
 		}

 		public static NativeGuestExecutor? TryCreate(DirectExecutionBackend backend)
 		{
-			if (!EnsureHostRuntimeExports(backend._hostSymbols))
+			if (!EnsureKernel32Exports())
 			{
 				return null;
 			}
@@ -229,27 +262,32 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return executor;
 		}

-		private static bool EnsureHostRuntimeExports(IHostSymbolResolver symbols)
+		private static bool EnsureKernel32Exports()
 		{
 			if (_exitThreadAddress != 0)
 			{
 				return _waitForSingleObjectAddress != 0 && _setEventAddress != 0;
 			}
-			_waitForSingleObjectAddress = symbols.GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction.WaitForSingleObject);
-			_setEventAddress = symbols.GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction.SetEvent);
-			_exitThreadAddress = symbols.GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction.ExitThread);
+			nint kernel32 = GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll");
+			if (kernel32 == 0)
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+			_waitForSingleObjectAddress = GetProcAddress(kernel32, "WaitForSingleObject");
+			_setEventAddress = GetProcAddress(kernel32, "SetEvent");
+			_exitThreadAddress = GetProcAddress(kernel32, "ExitThread");
 			return _waitForSingleObjectAddress != 0 && _setEventAddress != 0 && _exitThreadAddress != 0;
 		}

 		private bool Initialize()
 		{
 			_selfHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(this);
-			_controlBlock = (void*)_backend._hostMemory.Allocate(0, 4096u, HostPageProtection.ReadWrite);
+			_controlBlock = VirtualAlloc(null, 4096u, 12288u, 4u);
 			if (_controlBlock == null)
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			_loopStub = (void*)_backend._hostMemory.Allocate(0, LoopStubSize, HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+			_loopStub = VirtualAlloc(null, LoopStubSize, 12288u, 64u);
 			if (_loopStub == null)
 			{
 				return false;
@@ -258,8 +296,34 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			var prologuePtr = (nint)(delegate* unmanaged<nint, nint>)&RunPrologue;
 			var epiloguePtr = (nint)(delegate* unmanaged<nint, int, void>)&RunEpilogue;
 			var executorHandle = GCHandle.ToIntPtr(_selfHandle);
-			var workHandle = _workAvailable.SafeWaitHandle.DangerousGetHandle();
-			var doneHandle = _workCompleted.SafeWaitHandle.DangerousGetHandle();
+			nint workHandle;
+			nint doneHandle;
+			if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+			{
+				workHandle = _workAvailable!.SafeWaitHandle.DangerousGetHandle();
+				doneHandle = _workCompleted!.SafeWaitHandle.DangerousGetHandle();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				lock (PosixThunkGate)
+				{
+					if (_posixPrologueThunk == 0)
+					{
+						_posixPrologueThunk = PosixHostStubs.CreateWin64ToSysVThunk(prologuePtr);
+						_posixEpilogueThunk = PosixHostStubs.CreateWin64ToSysVThunk(epiloguePtr);
+					}
+				}
+				prologuePtr = _posixPrologueThunk;
+				epiloguePtr = _posixEpilogueThunk;
+				_workSemaphore = PosixHostStubs.CreateWorkerEvent();
+				_doneSemaphore = PosixHostStubs.CreateWorkerEvent();
+				if (_workSemaphore == 0 || _doneSemaphore == 0)
+				{
+					return false;
+				}
+				workHandle = _workSemaphore;
+				doneHandle = _doneSemaphore;
+			}

 			byte* code = (byte*)_loopStub;
 			int offset = 0;
@@ -331,15 +395,17 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			*(int*)(code + skipJump) = skipEntryOffset - (skipJump + sizeof(int));

 			uint oldProtect = 0;
-			if (!_backend._hostMemory.Protect((ulong)_loopStub, LoopStubSize, HostPageProtection.ReadExecute, out oldProtect))
+			if (!VirtualProtect(_loopStub, LoopStubSize, 32u, &oldProtect))
 			{
 				return false;
 			}
-			_backend._hostMemory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)_loopStub, LoopStubSize);
-			_threadHandle = _backend._hostThreading.CreateNativeThread(
-				(nint)_loopStub,
+			FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), _loopStub, LoopStubSize);
+			_threadHandle = CreateThread(
 				0,
 				WorkerStackReservation,
+				(nint)_loopStub,
+				0,
+				StackSizeParamIsAReservation,
 				out _nativeThreadId);
 			if (_threadHandle == 0)
 			{
@@ -377,8 +443,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			_runYieldRequested = false;
 			_runYieldReason = null;
 			_runForcedExit = false;
-			_workAvailable.Set();
-			_workCompleted.WaitOne();
+			SignalWorkAvailable();
+			WaitWorkCompleted();
 			_runContext = null;
 			_runState = null;
 			yieldRequested = _runYieldRequested;
@@ -391,6 +457,28 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			return _runNativeResult;
 		}

+		private void SignalWorkAvailable()
+		{
+			if (_workAvailable is not null)
+			{
+				_workAvailable.Set();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			_ = PosixHostStubs.SignalWorkerEvent(_workSemaphore);
+		}
+
+		private void WaitWorkCompleted()
+		{
+			if (_workCompleted is not null)
+			{
+				_workCompleted.WaitOne();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			_ = PosixHostStubs.WaitWorkerEvent(_doneSemaphore, -1);
+		}
+
 		[UnmanagedCallersOnly]
 		private static nint RunPrologue(nint executorHandle)
 		{
@@ -445,7 +533,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			_prevYieldRequested = _activeGuestThreadYieldRequested;
 			_prevYieldReason = _activeGuestThreadYieldReason;
 			_prevState = _activeGuestThreadState;
-			_prevHostRspSlot = backend._hostThreading.GetTlsValue(backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex);
+			_prevHostRspSlot = TlsGetValue(backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex);
 			_prevGuestThreadHandle = GuestThreadExecution.EnterGuestThread(_runGuestThreadHandle);
 			_entered = true;
 			_activeExecutionBackend = backend;
@@ -457,11 +545,11 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			_activeGuestThreadYieldReason = null;
 			_activeGuestThreadState = _runState;
 			backend.BindTlsBase(_runContext!);
-			backend._hostThreading.SetTlsValue(backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _runHostRspSlot);
+			TlsSetValue(backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _runHostRspSlot);
 			if (_runState is { } state)
 			{
 				_prevHostThreadId = Volatile.Read(ref state.HostThreadId);
-				Volatile.Write(ref state.HostThreadId, unchecked((int)backend._hostThreading.CurrentThreadId));
+				Volatile.Write(ref state.HostThreadId, unchecked((int)GetCurrentThreadId()));
 			}
 			if (_runAffinityMask != 0)
 			{
@@ -491,7 +579,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			{
 				Volatile.Write(ref state.HostThreadId, _prevHostThreadId);
 			}
-			_backend._hostThreading.SetTlsValue(_backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _prevHostRspSlot);
+			TlsSetValue(_backend._hostRspSlotTlsIndex, _prevHostRspSlot);
 			GuestThreadExecution.RestoreGuestThread(_prevGuestThreadHandle);
 			_activeExecutionBackend = _prevBackend;
 			_activeCpuContext = _prevContext;
@@ -520,7 +608,7 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			}
 			try
 			{
-				_workAvailable.Set();
+				SignalWorkAvailable();
 			}
 			catch (ObjectDisposedException)
 			{
@@ -528,8 +616,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			var exited = _threadHandle == 0;
 			if (_threadHandle != 0)
 			{
-				exited = _backend._hostThreading.WaitForThreadExit(_threadHandle, 1000u);
-				_backend._hostThreading.CloseThreadHandle(_threadHandle);
+				exited = WaitForSingleObject(_threadHandle, 1000u) == 0u;
+				CloseHandle(_threadHandle);
 				_threadHandle = 0;
 			}
 			if (!exited)
@@ -543,20 +631,30 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			}
 			if (_loopStub != null)
 			{
-				_backend._hostMemory.Free((ulong)_loopStub);
+				VirtualFree(_loopStub, 0u, 32768u);
 				_loopStub = null;
 			}
 			if (_controlBlock != null)
 			{
-				_backend._hostMemory.Free((ulong)_controlBlock);
+				VirtualFree(_controlBlock, 0u, 32768u);
 				_controlBlock = null;
 			}
 			if (_selfHandle.IsAllocated)
 			{
 				_selfHandle.Free();
 			}
-			_workAvailable.Dispose();
-			_workCompleted.Dispose();
+			_workAvailable?.Dispose();
+			_workCompleted?.Dispose();
+			if (_workSemaphore != 0)
+			{
+				PosixHostStubs.DestroyWorkerEvent(_workSemaphore);
+				_workSemaphore = 0;
+			}
+			if (_doneSemaphore != 0)
+			{
+				PosixHostStubs.DestroyWorkerEvent(_doneSemaphore);
+				_doneSemaphore = 0;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading;
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
+
+public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend
+{
+	// POSIX bridge for the Windows vectored-exception-handler logic. A
+	// sigaction(SIGSEGV/SIGBUS/SIGILL) handler rebuilds the EXCEPTION_POINTERS
+	// view the shared handlers expect (Win64 CONTEXT register offsets) from
+	// the signal's mcontext, runs the same recovery chain the VEH path uses
+	// (unresolved-import trap sentinels, demand-paging of lazily-committed
+	// guest pages, fault diagnostics), and writes register changes back into
+	// the mcontext so sigreturn resumes the repaired guest. Unrecovered
+	// faults are forwarded to the previously installed handler so the .NET
+	// runtime keeps turning its own faults into managed exceptions.
+
+	private const int PosixSigIll = 4;
+	private const int PosixSigTrap = 5;
+	private const int PosixSigAbort = 6;
+	private const int PosixSigSegv = 11;
+	private static readonly int PosixSigBus = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 10 : 7;
+
+	// struct sigaction: the handler pointer leads on both platforms; Darwin
+	// packs { handler(8), mask(4), flags(4) }, Linux glibc/musl packs
+	// { handler(8), mask(128), flags(4), restorer(8) }.
+	private static readonly int PosixSigactionSize = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 16 : 152;
+	private static readonly int PosixSigactionFlagsOffset = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 12 : 136;
+
+	private static readonly int PosixSaSigInfo = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0x0040 : 0x0004;
+	private static readonly int PosixSaNoDefer = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0x0010 : 0x40000000;
+
+	// siginfo_t.si_addr: Darwin { signo, errno, code, pid, uid, status, addr },
+	// Linux { signo, errno, code, pad32, addr }.
+	private static readonly int PosixSigInfoAddressOffset = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 24 : 16;
+
+	// Darwin ucontext_t stores a pointer to __darwin_mcontext64 at +48; the
+	// general registers live in its __ss thread state after the 16-byte
+	// exception state. Linux glibc embeds mcontext_t inline at +40 with the
+	// registers in gregs[23]. Rosetta 2 delivers the regular x86-64 layout
+	// to translated processes.
+	private const int DarwinUcontextMcontextOffset = 48;
+	private const int DarwinMcontextErrOffset = 4;
+	private const int DarwinMcontextFaultAddressOffset = 8;
+	private const int LinuxUcontextGregsOffset = 40;
+	private const int LinuxGregsErrOffset = 19 * 8;
+
+	// Byte offsets of the general registers relative to GetPosixRegisterBase,
+	// ordered to match the contiguous Win64 CONTEXT block CTX_RAX..CTX_RIP
+	// (rax, rcx, rdx, rbx, rsp, rbp, rsi, rdi, r8..r15, rip). Verified
+	// against the x86-64 platform headers.
+	private static readonly int[] PosixRegisterOffsets = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+		? new[] { 16, 32, 40, 24, 72, 64, 56, 48, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 136, 144 }
+		: new[] { 104, 112, 96, 88, 120, 80, 72, 64, 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 128 };
+
+	private static DirectExecutionBackend? _posixSignalBackend;
+	private static bool _posixSignalHandlersInstalled;
+	private static bool _posixRawRecoveryEnabled;
+	private static bool _posixSignalWarmup;
+	private static readonly nint[] _posixPreviousActions = new nint[32];
+	private static int _posixSignalTraceCount;
+	private static long _perfSignalCount;
+	private static readonly bool _perfSignalCounter =
+		string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_PERF_MEM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+	[ThreadStatic]
+	private static int _posixSignalHandlerDepth;
+
+	private void SetupPosixExceptionHandler()
+	{
+		if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_POSIX_SIGNALS"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARN] POSIX signal exception bridge disabled by SHARPEMU_DISABLE_POSIX_SIGNALS=1; guest faults will not be recovered.");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalBackend = this;
+		if (_posixSignalHandlersInstalled)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		_posixRawRecoveryEnabled = !string.Equals(
+			Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_RAW_HANDLER"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+		if (!_posixRawRecoveryEnabled)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Raw sentinel recovery disabled by SHARPEMU_DISABLE_RAW_HANDLER=1");
+		}
+
+		WarmUpPosixSignalPath();
+		SharpEmu.HLE.GuestImageWriteTracker.WarmUp();
+
+		if (!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigSegv) ||
+			!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigBus) ||
+			!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigIll) ||
+			!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigTrap) ||
+			!InstallPosixSignalHandler(PosixSigAbort))
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to install POSIX fault signal handlers");
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalHandlersInstalled = true;
+		Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] POSIX signal exception bridge installed (SIGSEGV/SIGBUS/SIGILL)");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Runs the signal-recovery path once with fabricated inputs before the
+	/// handlers are installed. The first entry into the handler must not
+	/// require JIT compilation (a fault can interrupt arbitrary runtime
+	/// states), and under Rosetta 2 the signal trampoline cannot enter x86
+	/// code that has never been executed (and therefore never translated): a
+	/// cold handler is silently never invoked and the faulting instruction
+	/// retries forever.
+	/// </summary>
+	private void WarmUpPosixSignalPath()
+	{
+		byte* fakeUcontext = stackalloc byte[512];
+		new Span<byte>(fakeUcontext, 512).Clear();
+		byte* fakeMcontext = stackalloc byte[512];
+		new Span<byte>(fakeMcontext, 512).Clear();
+		if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+		{
+			*(byte**)(fakeUcontext + DarwinUcontextMcontextOffset) = fakeMcontext;
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalWarmup = true;
+		try
+		{
+			((delegate* unmanaged<int, nint, nint, void>)&HandlePosixSignal)(PosixSigSegv, 0, (nint)fakeUcontext);
+
+			// Warm the branches the fabricated fault above skips without
+			// spamming diagnostics: the benign-exception path through
+			// VectoredHandler, the lazy-commit probe (fault address 0 bails
+			// out immediately), and the chain helper (signal 0 has no saved
+			// action and sigaction(0, ...) fails with EINVAL).
+			EXCEPTION_RECORD record = default;
+			record.ExceptionCode = DBG_PRINTEXCEPTION_C;
+			byte* contextRecord = stackalloc byte[Win64ContextSize];
+			new Span<byte>(contextRecord, Win64ContextSize).Clear();
+			EXCEPTION_POINTERS pointers;
+			pointers.ExceptionRecord = &record;
+			pointers.ContextRecord = contextRecord;
+			_ = VectoredHandler(&pointers);
+
+			record.ExceptionCode = 3221225477u;
+			record.NumberParameters = 2;
+			// 0x70000 is never guest-owned, so this walks the vmem region
+			// scan and the PRT range check, then bails out silently.
+			record.ExceptionInformation[1] = 0x70000;
+			_ = TryHandleLazyCommittedPage(&record, 0, 0);
+			ChainPreviousPosixAction(0, 0, 0);
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			_posixSignalWarmup = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static bool InstallPosixSignalHandler(int signal)
+	{
+		byte* action = stackalloc byte[PosixSigactionSize];
+		new Span<byte>(action, PosixSigactionSize).Clear();
+		*(nint*)action = (nint)(delegate* unmanaged<int, nint, nint, void>)&HandlePosixSignal;
+		// No SA_ONSTACK: the runtime's alternate stacks are far too small for
+		// the recovery/diagnostic path (JIT compilation of cold handler code
+		// can run inside the signal frame). Guest faults deliver onto the 2MB
+		// guest stack, host faults onto the regular thread stack — the same
+		// stacks Windows dispatches exceptions on.
+		*(int*)(action + PosixSigactionFlagsOffset) = PosixSaSigInfo | PosixSaNoDefer;
+
+		var previous = (byte*)NativeMemory.AllocZeroed((nuint)PosixSigactionSize);
+		if (sigaction(signal, action, previous) != 0)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Free(previous);
+			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] sigaction({signal}) failed: errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		_posixPreviousActions[signal] = (nint)previous;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	[UnmanagedCallersOnly]
+	private static void HandlePosixSignal(int signal, nint siginfo, nint ucontext)
+	{
+		if (_posixSignalHandlerDepth > 0)
+		{
+			// A fault inside our own fault handler (diagnostics touched an
+			// unmapped address): restore the default action and return so the
+			// re-executed instruction terminates the process.
+			RestoreDefaultPosixAction(signal);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		_posixSignalHandlerDepth++;
+		if (_perfSignalCounter)
+		{
+			var n = Interlocked.Increment(ref _perfSignalCount);
+			if (n % 100000 == 0)
+			{
+				Console.Error.WriteLine($"[PERF][MEM] posix_faults={n}");
+			}
+		}
+		try
+		{
+			// Guest-image write tracking runs first: it only needs the fault
+			// address (safe for host and guest threads alike) and must resume
+			// the faulting write immediately after restoring write access.
+			if (signal != PosixSigIll &&
+				siginfo != 0 &&
+				SharpEmu.HLE.GuestImageWriteTracker.TryHandleWriteFault(
+					*(ulong*)((byte*)siginfo + PosixSigInfoAddressOffset)))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (TryHandlePosixFault(signal, siginfo, ucontext))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		catch
+		{
+			// A managed exception must never unwind out of a signal frame.
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			_posixSignalHandlerDepth--;
+		}
+
+		ChainPreviousPosixAction(signal, siginfo, ucontext);
+	}
+
+	private static bool TryHandlePosixFault(int signal, nint siginfo, nint ucontext)
+	{
+		byte* registers = GetPosixRegisterBase(ucontext);
+		if (registers == null)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		byte* contextRecord = stackalloc byte[Win64ContextSize];
+		new Span<byte>(contextRecord, Win64ContextSize).Clear();
+		int[] offsets = PosixRegisterOffsets;
+		for (int i = 0; i < offsets.Length; i++)
+		{
+			WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RAX + i * 8, *(ulong*)(registers + offsets[i]));
+		}
+
+		EXCEPTION_RECORD record = default;
+		record.ExceptionAddress = (void*)ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP);
+		if (signal == PosixSigIll)
+		{
+			record.ExceptionCode = 3221225501u;
+		}
+		else if (signal == PosixSigTrap)
+		{
+			record.ExceptionCode = 2147483651u;
+		}
+		else if (signal == PosixSigAbort)
+		{
+			record.ExceptionCode = 1073741845u;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			ulong faultAddress = GetPosixFaultAddress(siginfo, registers);
+			record.ExceptionCode = 3221225477u;
+			record.NumberParameters = 2;
+			record.ExceptionInformation[0] = GetPosixAccessType(registers, faultAddress, ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP));
+			record.ExceptionInformation[1] = faultAddress;
+		}
+
+		EXCEPTION_POINTERS pointers;
+		pointers.ExceptionRecord = &record;
+		pointers.ContextRecord = contextRecord;
+
+		int traceIndex = _posixSignalWarmup ? 0 : Interlocked.Increment(ref _posixSignalTraceCount);
+		bool traceSignal = traceIndex > 0 && (traceIndex <= 16 || traceIndex % 1024 == 0 ||
+			string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_POSIX_SIGNALS"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+		if (traceSignal)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][TRACE] posix-signal#{traceIndex}: sig={signal} rip=0x{ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP):X16} " +
+				$"fault=0x{record.ExceptionInformation[1]:X16} access={record.ExceptionInformation[0]} rsp=0x{ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RSP):X16}");
+			Console.Error.Flush();
+		}
+
+		// Sentinel recovery runs first: on Windows both vectored handlers see
+		// every fault anyway, and recovering here avoids dumping the full
+		// VectoredHandler diagnostics for each recoverable trap.
+		int disposition = 0;
+		if (_posixRawRecoveryEnabled)
+		{
+			disposition = TryRecoverUnresolvedSentinel(&pointers);
+		}
+		if (disposition != -1 && !_posixSignalWarmup && _posixSignalBackend is { } backend)
+		{
+			disposition = backend.VectoredHandler(&pointers);
+		}
+		if (traceSignal)
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][TRACE] posix-signal#{traceIndex}: recovered={disposition == -1} new_rip=0x{ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP):X16}");
+			Console.Error.Flush();
+		}
+		if (disposition != -1 && !_posixSignalWarmup)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < offsets.Length; i++)
+		{
+			*(ulong*)(registers + offsets[i]) = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RAX + i * 8);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	private static byte* GetPosixRegisterBase(nint ucontext)
+	{
+		if (ucontext == 0)
+		{
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+		{
+			return *(byte**)((byte*)ucontext + DarwinUcontextMcontextOffset);
+		}
+
+		return (byte*)ucontext + LinuxUcontextGregsOffset;
+	}
+
+	private static ulong GetPosixFaultAddress(nint siginfo, byte* registers)
+	{
+		ulong address = siginfo != 0 ? *(ulong*)((byte*)siginfo + PosixSigInfoAddressOffset) : 0;
+		if (address == 0 && OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+		{
+			address = *(ulong*)(registers + DarwinMcontextFaultAddressOffset);
+		}
+
+		return address;
+	}
+
+	private static ulong GetPosixAccessType(byte* registers, ulong faultAddress, ulong rip)
+	{
+		// x86 page-fault error code: bit 1 = write access, bit 4 = instruction
+		// fetch. Fall back to comparing the fault address against RIP when
+		// the error code is not populated (e.g. under Rosetta 2 translation).
+		ulong error = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+			? *(uint*)(registers + DarwinMcontextErrOffset)
+			: *(ulong*)(registers + LinuxGregsErrOffset);
+		if ((error & 0x10) != 0)
+		{
+			return 8;
+		}
+		if ((error & 0x2) != 0)
+		{
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		return faultAddress != 0 && faultAddress == rip ? 8u : 0u;
+	}
+
+	private static void RestoreDefaultPosixAction(int signal)
+	{
+		byte* action = stackalloc byte[PosixSigactionSize];
+		new Span<byte>(action, PosixSigactionSize).Clear();
+		_ = sigaction(signal, action, null);
+	}
+
+	private static void ChainPreviousPosixAction(int signal, nint siginfo, nint ucontext)
+	{
+		byte* previous = (uint)signal < (uint)_posixPreviousActions.Length
+			? (byte*)_posixPreviousActions[signal]
+			: null;
+		nint handler = previous != null ? *(nint*)previous : 0;
+		if (handler == 0)
+		{
+			// SIG_DFL (or nothing saved): reinstate the default action and
+			// return, so re-executing the faulting instruction terminates the
+			// process with the original fault context intact.
+			RestoreDefaultPosixAction(signal);
+			return;
+		}
+		if (handler == 1)
+		{
+			// SIG_IGN
+			return;
+		}
+
+		int flags = *(int*)(previous + PosixSigactionFlagsOffset);
+		if ((flags & PosixSaSigInfo) != 0)
+		{
+			((delegate* unmanaged<int, nint, nint, void>)handler)(signal, siginfo, ucontext);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			((delegate* unmanaged<int, void>)handler)(signal);
+		}
+	}
+
+	[DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+	private static extern int sigaction(int signum, void* act, void* oldact);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Placeholder for hosts whose fault bridge is installed directly by the
+/// execution backend. POSIX uses its sigaction bridge and never calls these
+/// Windows-shaped registration methods.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class NullHostFaultHandling : IHostFaultHandling
+{
+    public static NullHostFaultHandling Instance { get; } = new();
+
+    private NullHostFaultHandling()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public nint CreateHandlerThunk(nint managedCallback, uint hostRspSwitchTlsSlot, nint tlsGetValueAddress)
+    {
+        _ = managedCallback;
+        _ = hostRspSwitchTlsSlot;
+        _ = tlsGetValueAddress;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    public void FreeThunk(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = thunk;
+    }
+
+    public nint AddFirstChanceHandler(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = thunk;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    public void RemoveHandler(nint handle)
+    {
+        _ = handle;
+    }
+
+    public void SetUnhandledFilter(nint thunk)
+    {
+        _ = thunk;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// POSIX replacements for the kernel32 helpers the native backend embeds in
+/// emitted x86-64 code. Every stub exposed here follows the Win64 calling
+/// convention the emitted call sites were written for (first argument in
+/// ECX, result in RAX, Win64 non-volatile registers preserved), so the
+/// emission code stays identical across platforms.
+/// </summary>
+internal static unsafe class PosixHostStubs
+{
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static bool _initialized;
+    private static nint _tlsGetValueStub;
+    private static nint _queryPerformanceCounterStub;
+    private static nint _switchToThreadStub;
+    private static nint _sleepStub;
+
+    public static nint TlsGetValueStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _tlsGetValueStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint QueryPerformanceCounterStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _queryPerformanceCounterStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SwitchToThreadStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _switchToThreadStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SleepStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _sleepStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint CreateWorkerEvent()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            return dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
+        }
+
+        var semaphore = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(64);
+        if (sem_init(semaphore, 0, 0) != 0)
+        {
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(semaphore);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return semaphore;
+    }
+
+    public static bool SignalWorkerEvent(nint handle)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            _ = dispatch_semaphore_signal(handle);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return sem_post(handle) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static bool WaitWorkerEvent(nint handle, int timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0)
+            {
+                return dispatch_semaphore_wait(handle, ulong.MaxValue) == 0;
+            }
+
+            var deadline = dispatch_time(0, timeoutMilliseconds * 1_000_000L);
+            return dispatch_semaphore_wait(handle, deadline) == 0;
+        }
+
+        if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0)
+        {
+            while (sem_wait(handle) != 0)
+            {
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var deadlineTicks = Environment.TickCount64 + timeoutMilliseconds;
+        while (sem_trywait(handle) != 0)
+        {
+            if (Environment.TickCount64 >= deadlineTicks)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Thread.Sleep(1);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static void DestroyWorkerEvent(nint handle)
+    {
+        if (handle == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            dispatch_release(handle);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _ = sem_destroy(handle);
+        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(handle);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Allocates a pthread TLS key, mirroring kernel32!TlsAlloc.</summary>
+    public static uint TlsAlloc()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            nuint key;
+            return pthread_key_create_mac(&key, 0) == 0 ? (uint)key : uint.MaxValue;
+        }
+
+        uint key32;
+        return pthread_key_create_linux(&key32, 0) == 0 ? key32 : uint.MaxValue;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TlsFree(uint key)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_key_delete_mac((nuint)key) == 0
+            : pthread_key_delete_linux(key) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TlsSetValue(uint key, nint value)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_setspecific_mac((nuint)key, value) == 0
+            : pthread_setspecific_linux(key, value) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static nint TlsGetValue(uint key)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_getspecific_mac((nuint)key)
+            : pthread_getspecific_linux(key);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Stable numeric id of the calling thread (kernel32!GetCurrentThreadId).</summary>
+    public static uint GetCurrentThreadId()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            ulong tid;
+            return pthread_threadid_np(0, &tid) == 0 ? unchecked((uint)tid) : 0u;
+        }
+
+        return unchecked((uint)gettid());
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Wraps a managed callback (compiled for the SysV ABI on POSIX .NET) in a
+    /// thunk that accepts up to four integer arguments in the Win64 ABI the
+    /// emitted x86-64 call sites use. Win64 passes args in rcx/rdx/r8/r9 and
+    /// treats rdi/rsi as non-volatile; SysV expects rdi/rsi/rdx/rcx and
+    /// clobbers them, so the thunk saves rdi/rsi, shuffles the registers, keeps
+    /// the stack 16-byte aligned for the call, and forwards the rax result.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint CreateWin64ToSysVThunk(nint sysvTarget)
+    {
+        var page = (byte*)HostMemory.Alloc(
+            null,
+            4096,
+            HostMemory.MEM_COMMIT | HostMemory.MEM_RESERVE,
+            HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
+        if (page == null)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("Failed to allocate Win64->SysV thunk page");
+        }
+
+        var offset = 0;
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                   // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                   // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xCF);       // mov rdi, rcx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xD6);       // mov rsi, rdx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x4C, 0x89, 0xC2);       // mov rdx, r8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x4C, 0x89, 0xC9);       // mov rcx, r9
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08); // sub rsp, 8 (realign to 16)
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, sysvTarget);  // mov rax, target
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);             // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08); // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                   // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                   // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                   // ret
+
+        if (!HostMemory.Protect(page, 4096, HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, out _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to protect Win64->SysV thunk page");
+        }
+
+        HostMemory.FlushInstructionCache(page, (nuint)offset);
+        return (nint)page;
+    }
+
+    private static void EnsureInitialized()
+    {
+        if (_initialized)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            if (_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BuildStubs();
+            _initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void BuildStubs()
+    {
+        var page = (byte*)HostMemory.Alloc(
+            null,
+            4096,
+            HostMemory.MEM_COMMIT | HostMemory.MEM_RESERVE,
+            HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
+        if (page == null)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("Failed to allocate POSIX host helper stub page");
+        }
+
+        var offset = 0;
+        _tlsGetValueStub = EmitTlsGetValue(page, ref offset);
+        _queryPerformanceCounterStub = EmitQueryPerformanceCounter(page, ref offset);
+        _switchToThreadStub = EmitSwitchToThread(page, ref offset);
+        _sleepStub = EmitSleep(page, ref offset);
+
+        if (!HostMemory.Protect(page, 4096, HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, out _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to protect POSIX host helper stub page");
+        }
+
+        HostMemory.FlushInstructionCache(page, (nuint)offset);
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitTlsGetValue(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            // On macOS x86-64 pthread keys index the gs-based thread specific
+            // data array directly, so TlsGetValue(index in ecx) collapses to a
+            // single load that clobbers nothing but RAX.
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xC8);                                     // mov eax, ecx
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x65, 0x48, 0x8B, 0x04, 0xC5, 0, 0, 0, 0);       // mov rax, gs:[rax*8]
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                           // ret
+            return start;
+        }
+
+        // Linux: call pthread_getspecific, preserving the registers that are
+        // volatile in SysV but non-volatile in Win64 (rsi, rdi).
+        var pthreadGetSpecific = ResolveLibcExport("pthread_getspecific");
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xCF);                                         // mov edi, ecx
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, pthreadGetSpecific);                      // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitQueryPerformanceCounter(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // BOOL QueryPerformanceCounter(LARGE_INTEGER* out in rcx): the emitted
+        // consumers only need a monotonically increasing counter, which rdtsc
+        // provides without leaving Win64-safe registers.
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x0F, 0x31);                                         // rdtsc
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xC1, 0xE2, 0x20);                             // shl rdx, 32
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x09, 0xD0);                                   // or rax, rdx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0x01);                                   // mov [rcx], rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSwitchToThread(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        var schedYield = ResolveLibcExport("sched_yield");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, schedYield);                              // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSleep(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // void Sleep(DWORD milliseconds in ecx) -> usleep(microseconds in edi).
+        var usleep = ResolveLibcExport("usleep");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xCF);                                         // mov edi, ecx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x81, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00);                 // cmp edi, 0xFFF
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x76, 0x05);                                         // jbe +5
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov edi, 0xFFF (cap at ~4s)
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xE8, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00);                 // imul edi, edi, 1000
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, usleep);                                  // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint ResolveLibcExport(string name)
+    {
+        var libc = NativeLibrary.Load(OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "libSystem.dylib" : "libc.so.6");
+        return NativeLibrary.GetExport(libc, name);
+    }
+
+    private static void Emit(byte* page, ref int offset, params byte[] bytes)
+    {
+        foreach (var value in bytes)
+        {
+            page[offset++] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void EmitMovRaxImm64(byte* page, ref int offset, nint value)
+    {
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xB8);
+        *(long*)(page + offset) = value;
+        offset += sizeof(long);
+    }
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_create", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_create_mac(nuint* key, nint destructor);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_create", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_create_linux(uint* key, nint destructor);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_delete")]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_delete_mac(nuint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_delete")]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_delete_linux(uint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_setspecific")]
+    private static extern int pthread_setspecific_mac(nuint key, nint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_setspecific")]
+    private static extern int pthread_setspecific_linux(uint key, nint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_getspecific")]
+    private static extern nint pthread_getspecific_mac(nuint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_getspecific")]
+    private static extern nint pthread_getspecific_linux(uint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_threadid_np(nint thread, ulong* threadId);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int gettid();
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_create(long value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_signal(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_wait(nint semaphore, ulong timeout);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern ulong dispatch_time(ulong when, long deltaNanoseconds);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern void dispatch_release(nint handle);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_init(nint semaphore, int shared, uint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_post(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_wait(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_trywait(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_destroy(nint semaphore);
+}
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@

 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;

 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;

@@ -12,15 +11,17 @@ public sealed unsafe class StubManager : IDisposable
    private readonly List<nint> _allocatedStubs = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<string, nint> _importHandlers = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<ulong, nint> _stubAddresses = new();
-    private readonly IHostMemory _hostMemory;
    private byte* _pltMemory;
    private int _pltOffset;
    private const int PltMemorySize = 1024 * 1024; // 1MB for stubs

-    public StubManager(IHostMemory? hostMemory = null)
+    public StubManager()
    {
-        _hostMemory = hostMemory ?? HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
-        _pltMemory = (byte*)_hostMemory.Allocate(0, PltMemorySize, HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+        _pltMemory = (byte*)VirtualAlloc(
+            null,
+            (nuint)PltMemorySize,
+            AllocationType.Reserve | AllocationType.Commit,
+            MemoryProtection.ExecuteReadWrite);

        if (_pltMemory == null)
        {
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class StubManager : IDisposable
    {
        if (_pltMemory != null)
        {
-            _hostMemory.Free((ulong)_pltMemory);
+            VirtualFree(_pltMemory, 0, FreeType.Release);
            _pltMemory = null;
        }

@@ -193,5 +194,29 @@ public sealed unsafe class StubManager : IDisposable
        _stubAddresses.Clear();
    }

+    private static void* VirtualAlloc(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, AllocationType flAllocationType, MemoryProtection flProtect) =>
+        HostMemory.Alloc(lpAddress, dwSize, (uint)flAllocationType, (uint)flProtect);
+
+    private static bool VirtualFree(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, FreeType dwFreeType) =>
+        HostMemory.Free(lpAddress, dwSize, (uint)dwFreeType);
+
+    [Flags]
+    private enum AllocationType : uint
+    {
+        Commit = 0x1000,
+        Reserve = 0x2000,
+    }
+
+    [Flags]
+    private enum MemoryProtection : uint
+    {
+        ExecuteReadWrite = 0x40,
+    }
+
+    private enum FreeType : uint
+    {
+        Release = 0x8000,
+    }
+
    public delegate void ImportHandler(CpuContext context);
 }
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native.Windows;
 /// </summary>
 internal static class Win64ContextOffsets
 {
+    public const int Size = 0x4D0;
    public const int Mxcsr = 52;
    public const int Rax = 120;
    public const int Rcx = 128;
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ public enum ProgramHeaderType : uint

    Tls = 7,

+    GnuEhFrame = 0x6474E550,
+
    SceRela = 0x60000000,

    SceProcParam = 0x61000001,
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ public sealed class SelfImage
        ulong procParamAddress = 0,
        string? title = null,
        string? titleId = null,
-        string? version = null)
+        string? version = null,
+        uint tlsModuleId = 0,
+        ulong tlsMemorySize = 0,
+        ulong tlsStaticOffset = 0)
    {
        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(programHeaders);
        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(mappedRegions);
@@ -44,6 +47,9 @@ public sealed class SelfImage
        Title = title;
        TitleId = titleId;
        Version = version;
+        TlsModuleId = tlsModuleId;
+        TlsMemorySize = tlsMemorySize;
+        TlsStaticOffset = tlsStaticOffset;
    }

    public bool IsSelf { get; }
@@ -75,4 +81,11 @@ public sealed class SelfImage
    public string? TitleId { get; }

    public string? Version { get; }
+
+    public uint TlsModuleId { get; }
+
+    public ulong TlsMemorySize { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Variant II distance from the thread pointer to this module's static TLS base.</summary>
+    public ulong TlsStaticOffset { get; }
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text;
@@ -10,16 +11,12 @@ using SharpEmu.Core;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.Logging;

 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Loader;

 public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
 {
-    private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("Loader");
-    private const uint ElfMagic = 0x7F454C46;
-    private const uint Ps4SelfMagic  = 0x4F153D1D;
-    private const uint Ps5SelfMagic  = 0x5414F5EE;
+    private const uint SelfMagic = 0x4F153D1D;
    private const ulong SelfSegmentFlag = 0x800;
    private const int PageSize = 0x1000;
    private const ulong ImportStubBaseAddress = 0x0000_7000_0000_0000UL;
@@ -58,11 +55,22 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
    private const long DtSceSymTab = 0x61000039;
    private const long DtSceSymTabSize = 0x6100003F;

+    private const uint RelocationTypeNone = 0;
    private const uint RelocationTypeAbsolute64 = 1;
+    private const uint RelocationTypePc32 = 2;
+    private const uint RelocationTypePlt32 = 4;
    private const uint RelocationTypeGlobalData = 6;
    private const uint RelocationTypeJumpSlot = 7;
    private const uint RelocationTypeRelative = 8;
-    private const uint RelocationTypeTlsModuleId = 16;
+    private const uint RelocationTypeUnsigned32 = 10;
+    private const uint RelocationTypeSigned32 = 11;
+    private const uint RelocationTypeTlsModuleId = 16;   // R_X86_64_DTPMOD64
+    private const uint RelocationTypeTlsDtpOff64 = 17;    // R_X86_64_DTPOFF64
+    private const uint RelocationTypeTlsTpOff64 = 18;     // R_X86_64_TPOFF64
+    private const uint RelocationTypePc64 = 24;
+    private const uint RelocationTypeSize32 = 32;
+    private const uint RelocationTypeSize64 = 33;
+    private const uint RelocationTypeRelative64 = 38;
    private const ulong Ps5MainImageBase = 0x0000000800000000UL;
    private const ulong Ps4MainImageBase = 0x0000000000400000UL;
    private const ulong Ps5ModuleSearchStart = 0x0000000804000000UL;
@@ -88,6 +96,11 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
    private static readonly int SelfSegmentSize = Unsafe.SizeOf<SelfSegment>();
    private static readonly int ProgramHeaderSize = Unsafe.SizeOf<ProgramHeader>();

+    static SelfLoader()
+    {
+        RunRelocationSelfChecks();
+    }
+
    public SelfImage Load(ReadOnlySpan<byte> imageData, IVirtualMemory virtualMemory)
    {
        return Load(imageData, virtualMemory, fs: null, mountRoot: null);
@@ -156,16 +169,22 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        {
            virtualMemory.Clear();
            _nextTlsModuleId = 1;
+            GuestTlsTemplate.Reset();
        }

-        var tlsModuleId = _nextTlsModuleId == 0 ? 1u : _nextTlsModuleId;
-        Log.Debug($"TLS load_start clear={clearVirtualMemory} next={_nextTlsModuleId} assigned={tlsModuleId}");
-
        var loadContext = ParseLayout(imageData);
        var elfHeader = ReadUnmanaged<ElfHeader>(imageData, loadContext.ElfOffset);
        ValidateElfHeader(elfHeader);

        var programHeaders = ParseProgramHeaders(imageData, loadContext, elfHeader);
+        var hasTlsSegment = TryGetProgramHeader(programHeaders, ProgramHeaderType.Tls, out var processTlsHeader, out _) &&
+            processTlsHeader.MemorySize != 0;
+        var tlsModuleId = hasTlsSegment
+            ? (_nextTlsModuleId == 0 ? 1u : _nextTlsModuleId)
+            : 0u;
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][TLS] load_start clear={clearVirtualMemory} next={_nextTlsModuleId} " +
+            $"assigned={tlsModuleId} has_pt_tls={hasTlsSegment}");

        var totalImageSize = CalculateTotalImageSize(programHeaders);
        Console.WriteLine($"Total image size needed: 0x{totalImageSize:X} ({totalImageSize} bytes)");
@@ -178,8 +197,9 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            {
                if (!physicalVm.TryAllocateAtExact(imageBase, totalImageSize, executable: true, out var allocatedBase))
                {
+                    var reason = physicalVm.DescribeAddressForDiagnostics(imageBase);
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                        $"Could not allocate main image at required base 0x{imageBase:X16} (size=0x{totalImageSize:X}).");
+                        $"Could not allocate main image at required base 0x{imageBase:X16} (size=0x{totalImageSize:X}): {reason}.");
                }

                imageBase = allocatedBase;
@@ -198,6 +218,13 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        }

        MapLoadSegments(imageData, loadContext, programHeaders, virtualMemory, imageBase);
+        // Register every module before relocations so DTPMOD/DTPOFF/TPOFF use
+        // the module's real PT_TLS identity and Variant II static offset.
+        var tlsInfo = RegisterModuleTlsTemplate(
+            programHeaders,
+            virtualMemory,
+            imageBase,
+            tlsModuleId);
        var importStubs = ResolveAndPatchImportStubs(
            imageData,
            loadContext,
@@ -255,11 +282,11 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            Console.WriteLine($"[LOADER] PH[{i}]: type={ph.HeaderType}, vaddr=0x{ph.VirtualAddress:X16} -> 0x{ph.VirtualAddress + imageBase:X16}, memsz=0x{ph.MemorySize:X}");
        }

-        if (_nextTlsModuleId == tlsModuleId && _nextTlsModuleId < uint.MaxValue)
+        if (tlsModuleId != 0 && _nextTlsModuleId == tlsModuleId && _nextTlsModuleId < uint.MaxValue)
        {
            _nextTlsModuleId++;
        }
-        Log.Debug($"TLS load_done assigned={tlsModuleId} next={_nextTlsModuleId}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TLS] load_done assigned={tlsModuleId} next={_nextTlsModuleId}");

        return new SelfImage(
            loadContext.IsSelf,
@@ -276,7 +303,10 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            procParamAddress,
            applicationInfo.Title,
            applicationInfo.TitleId,
-            applicationInfo.Version);
+            applicationInfo.Version,
+            tlsModuleId,
+            tlsInfo.MemorySize,
+            tlsInfo.StaticOffset);
    }

    private static (string? Title, string? TitleId, string? Version) TryLoadParamJson(
@@ -325,8 +355,7 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            throw new InvalidDataException("Input image is too small to contain an ELF header.");
        }

-        var magic = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]);
-        if (magic is Ps4SelfMagic or Ps5SelfMagic)
+        if (imageData.Length >= sizeof(uint) && BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]) == SelfMagic)
        {
            var selfHeader = ReadUnmanaged<SelfHeader>(imageData, 0);
            if (!selfHeader.HasKnownLayout || selfHeader.Unknown != 0x22)
@@ -348,10 +377,19 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            return new LoadContext(IsSelf: true, elfOffset, selfHeader.FileSize, segments);
        }

-        if (magic != ElfMagic)
+        // Not a recognized (fake-signed) SELF. Only a bare, decrypted ELF is
+        // acceptable here; anything else — most commonly a still-encrypted
+        // retail eboot — must be reported clearly rather than failing later
+        // with an opaque "not a valid ELF header" message.
+        const uint ElfMagicBigEndian = 0x7F454C46; // "\x7fELF"
+        var leadingWord = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]);
+        if (leadingWord != ElfMagicBigEndian)
        {
            throw new InvalidDataException(
-                $"Unsupported executable signature 0x{magic:X8}");
+                $"Image is neither a decrypted ELF nor a recognized fake-signed SELF " +
+                $"(leading bytes 0x{leadingWord:X8}). This is almost certainly a still-encrypted " +
+                $"retail eboot — SharpEmu has no decryption keys and requires a decrypted / " +
+                $"fake-signed (fSELF) image.");
        }

        return new LoadContext(IsSelf: false, ElfOffset: 0, SelfFileSize: 0, Array.Empty<SelfSegment>());
@@ -414,15 +452,15 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

            var virtualAddress = header.VirtualAddress + imageBase;

-            Log.Debug($"Segment {index}: VAddr=0x{virtualAddress:X16}, FileSize=0x{header.FileSize:X}, MemSize=0x{header.MemorySize:X}, Align=0x{header.Alignment:X}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER] Segment {index}: VAddr=0x{virtualAddress:X16}, FileSize=0x{header.FileSize:X}, MemSize=0x{header.MemorySize:X}, Align=0x{header.Alignment:X}");
            if (header.Alignment > 1)
            {
                var vaddrMod = virtualAddress % header.Alignment;
                var offsetMod = header.Offset % header.Alignment;
                if (vaddrMod != offsetMod)
                {
-                    Log.Warning(
-                        $"Segment {index} ELF alignment mismatch! " +
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[LOADER] WARNING: Segment {index} ELF alignment mismatch! " +
                        $"VAddr=0x{virtualAddress:X}, Offset=0x{header.Offset:X}, Align=0x{header.Alignment:X}, " +
                        $"VAddr%Align=0x{vaddrMod:X}, Offset%Align=0x{offsetMod:X}");
                }
@@ -465,6 +503,43 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        return 0;
    }

+    private static ModuleTlsInfo RegisterModuleTlsTemplate(
+        IReadOnlyList<ProgramHeader> programHeaders,
+        IVirtualMemory virtualMemory,
+        ulong imageBase,
+        uint tlsModuleId)
+    {
+        if (!TryGetProgramHeader(programHeaders, ProgramHeaderType.Tls, out var tlsHeader, out _) ||
+            tlsHeader.MemorySize == 0)
+        {
+            return default;
+        }
+
+        // tdata (initialized) bytes come from the mapped segment; tbss is the
+        // implicitly-zero remainder up to MemorySize.
+        var fileSize = (int)Math.Min(tlsHeader.FileSize, tlsHeader.MemorySize);
+        var initImage = fileSize > 0 ? new byte[fileSize] : [];
+        if (fileSize > 0 &&
+            !virtualMemory.TryRead(imageBase + tlsHeader.VirtualAddress, initImage))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][TLS] Failed to read TLS init image at 0x{imageBase + tlsHeader.VirtualAddress:X}; seeding zeros.");
+            initImage = [];
+        }
+
+        var staticOffset = GuestTlsTemplate.RegisterModule(
+            tlsModuleId,
+            initImage,
+            tlsHeader.MemorySize,
+            tlsHeader.Alignment,
+            tlsHeader.VirtualAddress);
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][TLS] Module {tlsModuleId} TLS template: memsz=0x{tlsHeader.MemorySize:X} " +
+            $"filesz=0x{tlsHeader.FileSize:X} align=0x{tlsHeader.Alignment:X} " +
+            $"static_offset=0x{staticOffset:X} total_static=0x{GuestTlsTemplate.StaticTlsSize:X}");
+        return new ModuleTlsInfo(tlsHeader.MemorySize, staticOffset);
+    }
+
    private static IReadOnlyDictionary<ulong, string> ResolveAndPatchImportStubs(
        ReadOnlySpan<byte> imageData,
        LoadContext loadContext,
@@ -544,12 +619,17 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        uint maxSymbolIndex = 0;
        foreach (var relocation in relocations)
        {
+            if (relocation.Type == RelocationTypeNone)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
            if (!IsSupportedRelocationType(relocation.Type))
            {
                continue;
            }

-            if (relocation.Type is RelocationTypeRelative or RelocationTypeTlsModuleId)
+            if (relocation.Type is RelocationTypeNone or RelocationTypeRelative or RelocationTypeRelative64 or RelocationTypeTlsModuleId)
            {
                continue;
            }
@@ -633,13 +713,16 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

        importedRelocations = BuildImportedRelocations(descriptors);

-        var stubsByAddress = CreateImportStubMapping(virtualMemory, orderedImportNids);
+        var stubImportNids = orderedImportNids
+            .Where(nid => ShouldCreateImportStub(nid, descriptors, moduleManager))
+            .ToArray();
+        var stubsByAddress = CreateImportStubMapping(virtualMemory, stubImportNids);
        Console.WriteLine($"[LOADER] Created {stubsByAddress.Count} import stubs");

-        int printCount = Math.Min(10, orderedImportNids.Count);
+        int printCount = Math.Min(10, stubImportNids.Length);
        for (int i = 0; i < printCount; i++)
        {
-            var nid = orderedImportNids[i];
+            var nid = stubImportNids[i];
            var addr = stubsByAddress.First(x => x.Value == nid).Key;
        }

@@ -663,45 +746,65 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

        foreach (var descriptor in descriptors)
        {
-            ulong targetValue;
+            ulong symbolValue;
            if (descriptor.ImportNid is null)
            {
-                targetValue = AddSigned(descriptor.SymbolValue, descriptor.Addend);
+                symbolValue = descriptor.SymbolValue;
            }
            else
            {
-                if (!addressesByNid.TryGetValue(descriptor.ImportNid, out var stubAddress))
+                if (addressesByNid.TryGetValue(descriptor.ImportNid, out var stubAddress))
                {
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Import stub not found for NID '{descriptor.ImportNid}'.");
+                    symbolValue = stubAddress;
                }
-
-                targetValue = AddSigned(stubAddress, descriptor.Addend);
-            }
-
-            if (targetValue < 0x1000)
-            {
-                if (descriptor.ValueKind == RelocationValueKind.TlsModuleId)
+                else if (descriptor.IsWeak)
                {
-                    Log.Debug(
-                        $"Patching DTPMOD64 at 0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X} with module id 0x{targetValue:X}");
+                    // ELF unresolved weak definitions use S=0. They must not
+                    // receive a trap import stub, which would turn a permitted
+                    // null test into a call to an unresolved-import handler.
+                    symbolValue = 0;
                }
                else
                {
-                    Log.Warning($"!!! CRITICAL !!! Patching address 0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X} with INVALID value 0x{targetValue:X} for NID {descriptor.ImportNid ?? "(null)"}");
-                    Log.Warning($"  SymbolValue=0x{descriptor.SymbolValue:X}, Addend=0x{descriptor.Addend:X}, StubAddress=0x{(addressesByNid.TryGetValue(descriptor.ImportNid ?? "", out var sa) ? sa : 0):X}");
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Import stub not found for NID '{descriptor.ImportNid}'.");
                }
            }

-            if (!TryWriteUInt64(virtualMemory, descriptor.TargetAddress, targetValue))
+            var targetValue = ComputeRelocationValue(descriptor, symbolValue);
+
+            if (targetValue < 0x1000 && descriptor.ValueKind is
+                RelocationValueKind.TlsOffset or
+                RelocationValueKind.PcRelative or
+                RelocationValueKind.SymbolSize)
            {
-                throw new InvalidDataException($"Failed to patch relocation at 0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X16}.");
+                // A TLS offset (TPOFF64/DTPOFF64) is a signed displacement, not a
+                // mapped address, so a small or negative value here is expected.
+            }
+            else if (targetValue < 0x1000 && !descriptor.IsWeak)
+            {
+                if (descriptor.ValueKind == RelocationValueKind.TlsModuleId)
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[LOADER][TLS] Patching DTPMOD64 at 0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X} with module id 0x{targetValue:X}");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER] !!! CRITICAL !!! Patching address 0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X} with INVALID value 0x{targetValue:X} for NID {descriptor.ImportNid ?? "(null)"}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER]   SymbolValue=0x{descriptor.SymbolValue:X}, Addend=0x{descriptor.Addend:X}, StubAddress=0x{(addressesByNid.TryGetValue(descriptor.ImportNid ?? "", out var sa) ? sa : 0):X}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!TryWriteRelocationValue(virtualMemory, descriptor, targetValue, out var writeError))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidDataException(
+                    $"Failed to patch relocation at 0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X16}: {writeError}");
            }

            if (descriptor.TargetAddress >= 0x00000008030FC300UL &&
                descriptor.TargetAddress <= 0x00000008030FC3F0UL)
            {
-                Log.Debug(
-                    $"[RELOC] target=0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{targetValue:X16} addend=0x{descriptor.Addend:X} nid={(descriptor.ImportNid ?? "<sym>")}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][RELOC] target=0x{descriptor.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{targetValue:X16} addend=0x{descriptor.Addend:X} nid={(descriptor.ImportNid ?? "<sym>")}");
            }
        }

@@ -794,29 +897,36 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        {
            if (IsFocusRelocationOffset(relocation.Offset, imageBase))
            {
-                Log.Debug(
-                    $"[FOCUS][SCAN] off=0x{relocation.Offset:X16} type={relocation.Type} sym={relocation.SymbolIndex} addend=0x{relocation.Addend:X}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][FOCUS][SCAN] off=0x{relocation.Offset:X16} type={relocation.Type} sym={relocation.SymbolIndex} addend=0x{relocation.Addend:X}");
            }

            if (!IsSupportedRelocationType(relocation.Type))
            {
-                if (IsFocusRelocationOffset(relocation.Offset, imageBase))
+                // Surface unsupported relocation types loudly instead of
+                // skipping silently: TLS-relative (17/18), COPY (5), and
+                // IRELATIVE/ifunc (37) leave their targets unrelocated, which
+                // manifests later as reads of zero or calls into address 0.
+                ReportUnsupportedRelocation(relocation.Type, relocation.Offset, imageBase);
+                if (relocation.Type is 5 or 37)
                {
-                    Log.Debug($"[FOCUS][SKIP] unsupported type={relocation.Type}");
+                    throw new NotSupportedException(
+                        $"Relocation type {relocation.Type} requires deferred runtime-linker processing.");
                }
                continue;
            }

-            if (!TryResolveMappedAddress(virtualMemory, relocation.Offset, imageBase, sizeof(ulong), out var targetAddress))
+            var relocationWriteSize = GetRelocationWriteSize(relocation.Type);
+            if (!TryResolveMappedAddress(virtualMemory, relocation.Offset, imageBase, relocationWriteSize, out var targetAddress))
            {
                if (IsFocusRelocationOffset(relocation.Offset, imageBase))
                {
-                    Log.Debug("[FOCUS][SKIP] target address not mapped");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][FOCUS][SKIP] target address not mapped");
                }
                continue;
            }

-            if (relocation.Type == RelocationTypeRelative)
+            if (relocation.Type is RelocationTypeRelative or RelocationTypeRelative64)
            {
                descriptors.Add(new RelocationDescriptor(
                    targetAddress,
@@ -830,7 +940,12 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

            if (relocation.Type == RelocationTypeTlsModuleId)
            {
-                var dtpmodValue = tlsModuleId == 0 ? 1u : tlsModuleId;
+                if (tlsModuleId == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidDataException(
+                        $"R_X86_64_DTPMOD64 at 0x{targetAddress:X16} references a module without PT_TLS.");
+                }
+                var dtpmodValue = tlsModuleId;
                descriptors.Add(new RelocationDescriptor(
                    targetAddress,
                    0,
@@ -851,50 +966,100 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            {
                if (targetAddress >= FocusRelocGuestStart && targetAddress <= FocusRelocGuestEnd)
                {
-                    Log.Debug($"[FOCUS][SKIP] symbol read failed index={symbolIndex}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FOCUS][SKIP] symbol read failed index={symbolIndex}");
                }
                continue;
            }

-            var addend = relocation.Type is RelocationTypeGlobalData or RelocationTypeJumpSlot ? 0 : relocation.Addend;
-            var symbolBind = GetSymbolBind(symbol.Info);
-            if (symbolBind == SymbolBindLocal)
+            if (relocation.Type is RelocationTypeTlsDtpOff64 or RelocationTypeTlsTpOff64)
            {
-                var symbolAddress = ResolveMappedAddressOrFallback(virtualMemory, symbol.Value, imageBase);
-                if (symbolAddress == 0)
+                // Variant II static TLS: the module block sits at
+                // [tp - blockSize, tp). DTPOFF64 is the module-relative offset
+                // (st_value + addend); TPOFF64 is that offset expressed relative
+                // to the thread pointer, i.e. minus the aligned block size.
+                var tlsSymbolOffset = AddSigned(symbol.Value, relocation.Addend);
+                if (!GuestTlsTemplate.TryGetStaticOffset(tlsModuleId, out var moduleStaticOffset))
                {
-                    Log.Warning(
-                        $"Skipping local relocation with invalid symbol value 0x{symbol.Value:X} " +
-                        $"at target 0x{targetAddress:X16}, type={relocation.Type}, sym={symbolIndex}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[LOADER][TLS] Missing PT_TLS registration for module {tlsModuleId}; " +
+                        $"cannot apply relocation {relocation.Type} at 0x{targetAddress:X16}.");
+                    continue;
                }
-
+                var tlsValue = relocation.Type == RelocationTypeTlsTpOff64
+                    ? unchecked(tlsSymbolOffset - moduleStaticOffset)
+                    : tlsSymbolOffset;
                descriptors.Add(new RelocationDescriptor(
                    targetAddress,
-                    addend,
+                    0,
                    null,
-                    symbolAddress,
-                    RelocationValueKind.Pointer,
+                    tlsValue,
+                    RelocationValueKind.TlsOffset,
                    IsDataImport: false));
                continue;
            }

+            var symbolBind = GetSymbolBind(symbol.Info);
+            if (symbolIndex == 0)
+            {
+                descriptors.Add(CreateSymbolRelocationDescriptor(
+                    relocation,
+                    targetAddress,
+                    symbol,
+                    symbolAddress: 0,
+                    importNid: null,
+                    isWeak: false));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (symbolBind == SymbolBindLocal)
+            {
+                var symbolAddress = relocation.Type is RelocationTypeSize32 or RelocationTypeSize64
+                    ? 0
+                    : ResolveMappedAddressOrFallback(virtualMemory, symbol.Value, imageBase);
+                if (symbolAddress == 0)
+                {
+                    if (relocation.Type is not (RelocationTypeSize32 or RelocationTypeSize64))
+                    {
+                        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                            $"[LOADER] Skipping local relocation with invalid symbol value 0x{symbol.Value:X} " +
+                            $"at target 0x{targetAddress:X16}, type={relocation.Type}, sym={symbolIndex}");
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                descriptors.Add(CreateSymbolRelocationDescriptor(
+                    relocation,
+                    targetAddress,
+                    symbol,
+                    symbolAddress,
+                    importNid: null,
+                    isWeak: false));
+                continue;
+            }
+
            if (symbol.Value != 0)
            {
-                var symbolAddress = ResolveMappedAddressOrFallback(virtualMemory, symbol.Value, imageBase);
+                var symbolAddress = relocation.Type is RelocationTypeSize32 or RelocationTypeSize64
+                    ? 0
+                    : ResolveMappedAddressOrFallback(virtualMemory, symbol.Value, imageBase);
                if (symbolAddress == 0)
                {
-                    Log.Warning(
-                        $"Skipping relocation with invalid symbol value 0x{symbol.Value:X} " +
-                        $"at target 0x{targetAddress:X16}, type={relocation.Type}, sym={symbolIndex}");
+                    if (relocation.Type is not (RelocationTypeSize32 or RelocationTypeSize64))
+                    {
+                        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                            $"[LOADER] Skipping relocation with invalid symbol value 0x{symbol.Value:X} " +
+                            $"at target 0x{targetAddress:X16}, type={relocation.Type}, sym={symbolIndex}");
+                        continue;
+                    }
                }

-                descriptors.Add(new RelocationDescriptor(
+                descriptors.Add(CreateSymbolRelocationDescriptor(
+                    relocation,
                    targetAddress,
-                    addend,
-                    null,
+                    symbol,
                    symbolAddress,
-                    RelocationValueKind.Pointer,
-                    IsDataImport: false));
+                    importNid: null,
+                    isWeak: false));
                continue;
            }

@@ -902,16 +1067,26 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            {
                if (targetAddress >= FocusRelocGuestStart && targetAddress <= FocusRelocGuestEnd)
                {
-                    Log.Debug($"[FOCUS][SKIP] bind={symbolBind} not importable");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FOCUS][SKIP] bind={symbolBind} not importable");
                }
                continue;
            }

            if (!TryReadNullTerminatedAscii(stringTable, symbol.NameOffset, out var symbolName))
            {
+                if (symbolBind == SymbolBindWeak)
+                {
+                    descriptors.Add(CreateSymbolRelocationDescriptor(
+                        relocation,
+                        targetAddress,
+                        symbol,
+                        symbolAddress: 0,
+                        importNid: null,
+                        isWeak: true));
+                }
                if (targetAddress >= FocusRelocGuestStart && targetAddress <= FocusRelocGuestEnd)
                {
-                    Log.Debug($"[FOCUS][SKIP] symbol name read failed offset={symbol.NameOffset}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FOCUS][SKIP] symbol name read failed offset={symbol.NameOffset}");
                }
                continue;
            }
@@ -919,6 +1094,16 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            var nid = ExtractNid(symbolName);
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nid))
            {
+                if (symbolBind == SymbolBindWeak)
+                {
+                    descriptors.Add(CreateSymbolRelocationDescriptor(
+                        relocation,
+                        targetAddress,
+                        symbol,
+                        symbolAddress: 0,
+                        importNid: null,
+                        isWeak: true));
+                }
                continue;
            }

@@ -927,16 +1112,74 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
                orderedImportNids.Add(nid);
            }

-            descriptors.Add(new RelocationDescriptor(
+            descriptors.Add(CreateSymbolRelocationDescriptor(
+                relocation,
                targetAddress,
-                addend,
-                nid,
-                0,
-                RelocationValueKind.Pointer,
-                IsDataImport: GetSymbolType(symbol.Info) == SymbolTypeObject));
+                symbol,
+                symbolAddress: 0,
+                importNid: nid,
+                isWeak: symbolBind == SymbolBindWeak));
        }
    }

+    private static RelocationDescriptor CreateSymbolRelocationDescriptor(
+        ElfRelocation relocation,
+        ulong targetAddress,
+        ElfSymbol symbol,
+        ulong symbolAddress,
+        string? importNid,
+        bool isWeak)
+    {
+        var valueKind = relocation.Type switch
+        {
+            RelocationTypePc32 or RelocationTypePlt32 or RelocationTypePc64 => RelocationValueKind.PcRelative,
+            RelocationTypeSize32 or RelocationTypeSize64 => RelocationValueKind.SymbolSize,
+            _ => RelocationValueKind.Pointer,
+        };
+        var writeKind = relocation.Type switch
+        {
+            RelocationTypePc32 or RelocationTypePlt32 or RelocationTypeSigned32 => RelocationWriteKind.Int32,
+            RelocationTypeUnsigned32 or RelocationTypeSize32 => RelocationWriteKind.UInt32,
+            _ => RelocationWriteKind.UInt64,
+        };
+        var symbolValue = valueKind == RelocationValueKind.SymbolSize
+            ? symbol.Size
+            : symbolAddress;
+        var addend = relocation.Type is RelocationTypeGlobalData or RelocationTypeJumpSlot
+            ? 0
+            : relocation.Addend;
+        return new RelocationDescriptor(
+            targetAddress,
+            addend,
+            importNid,
+            symbolValue,
+            valueKind,
+            IsDataImport: GetSymbolType(symbol.Info) == SymbolTypeObject,
+            writeKind,
+            isWeak);
+    }
+
+    private static bool ShouldCreateImportStub(
+        string nid,
+        IReadOnlyList<RelocationDescriptor> descriptors,
+        IModuleManager? moduleManager)
+    {
+        for (var i = 0; i < descriptors.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var descriptor = descriptors[i];
+            if (!string.Equals(descriptor.ImportNid, nid, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!descriptor.IsWeak || moduleManager?.TryGetExport(nid, out _) == true)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
    private static void RegisterRuntimeSymbolsAndHooks(
        ReadOnlySpan<byte> imageData,
        LoadContext loadContext,
@@ -959,8 +1202,8 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

        if (sectionSymbols > 0 || dynamicSymbols > 0)
        {
-            Log.Info(
-                $"Runtime symbol index populated: section={sectionSymbols}, dynamic={dynamicSymbols}, total={runtimeSymbols.Count}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER] Runtime symbol index populated: section={sectionSymbols}, dynamic={dynamicSymbols}, total={runtimeSymbols.Count}");
        }
    }

@@ -1034,8 +1277,8 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

        if (preInitializers.Count != 0 || initializers.Count != 0)
        {
-            Log.Info(
-                $"Initializers discovered: preinit={preInitializers.Count}, init={initializers.Count}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER] Initializers discovered: preinit={preInitializers.Count}, init={initializers.Count}");
        }
    }

@@ -1418,8 +1661,8 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

        var requiredBytes = checked((ulong)orderedImportNids.Count * ImportStubSlotSize);
        var mapSize = AlignUp(Math.Max(requiredBytes, (ulong)PageSize), PageSize);
-        Log.Debug(
-            $"CreateImportStubMapping: nids={orderedImportNids.Count}, required=0x{requiredBytes:X}, map_size=0x{mapSize:X}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER] CreateImportStubMapping: nids={orderedImportNids.Count}, required=0x{requiredBytes:X}, map_size=0x{mapSize:X}");
        if (mapSize > int.MaxValue)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("Import stub mapping exceeds 2 GB and is not supported.");
@@ -1691,11 +1934,51 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
    private static bool IsSupportedRelocationType(uint relocationType)
    {
        return relocationType is
+            RelocationTypeNone or
            RelocationTypeAbsolute64 or
+            RelocationTypePc32 or
+            RelocationTypePlt32 or
            RelocationTypeGlobalData or
            RelocationTypeJumpSlot or
            RelocationTypeRelative or
-            RelocationTypeTlsModuleId;
+            RelocationTypeUnsigned32 or
+            RelocationTypeSigned32 or
+            RelocationTypeTlsModuleId or
+            RelocationTypeTlsDtpOff64 or
+            RelocationTypeTlsTpOff64 or
+            RelocationTypePc64 or
+            RelocationTypeSize32 or
+            RelocationTypeSize64 or
+            RelocationTypeRelative64;
+    }
+
+    private static readonly HashSet<uint> _reportedUnsupportedRelocationTypes = new();
+
+    private static void ReportUnsupportedRelocation(uint relocationType, ulong offset, ulong imageBase)
+    {
+        // Report each distinct unsupported type once to keep the log useful.
+        lock (_reportedUnsupportedRelocationTypes)
+        {
+            if (!_reportedUnsupportedRelocationTypes.Add(relocationType))
+            {
+                if (IsFocusRelocationOffset(offset, imageBase))
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][FOCUS][SKIP] unsupported type={relocationType}");
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        var name = relocationType switch
+        {
+            5 => "R_X86_64_COPY",
+            37 => "R_X86_64_IRELATIVE (ifunc)",
+            _ => "unknown",
+        };
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][ERROR] Unsupported relocation type {relocationType} ({name}) rejected " +
+            $"(first at off=0x{offset:X16}); COPY requires dependency symbol storage and IRELATIVE requires resolver execution.");
    }

    private static ulong DetermineRequestedImageBase(
@@ -1851,16 +2134,16 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        tableBytes = GC.AllocateUninitializedArray<byte>((int)size);

        var guestAddr = location + imageBase;
-        Log.Debug($"TryLoadTableBytes: trying guest address 0x{guestAddr:X}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER] TryLoadTableBytes: trying guest address 0x{guestAddr:X}");
        if (virtualMemory.TryRead(guestAddr, tableBytes))
        {
-            Log.Debug($"TryLoadTableBytes: loaded from guest memory at 0x{guestAddr:X}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER] TryLoadTableBytes: loaded from guest memory at 0x{guestAddr:X}");
            return true;
        }

        if (virtualMemory.TryRead(location, tableBytes))
        {
-            Log.Debug($"TryLoadTableBytes: loaded from absolute guest address 0x{location:X}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER] TryLoadTableBytes: loaded from absolute guest address 0x{location:X}");
            return true;
        }

@@ -1868,11 +2151,11 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        {
            var slice = elfData.Slice((int)location, (int)size);
            tableBytes = slice.ToArray();
-            Log.Debug($"TryLoadTableBytes: loaded from elfData as file offset at 0x{location:X}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER] TryLoadTableBytes: loaded from elfData as file offset at 0x{location:X}");
            return true;
        }

-        Log.Warning($"TryLoadTableBytes: FAILED for location 0x{location:X}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER] TryLoadTableBytes: FAILED for location 0x{location:X}");
        tableBytes = Array.Empty<byte>();
        return false;
    }
@@ -1929,17 +2212,17 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader

    private static ulong ResolveMappedAddressOrFallback(IVirtualMemory virtualMemory, ulong address, ulong imageBase)
    {
-        Log.Debug($"ResolveMappedAddressOrFallback addr=0x{address:X} imageBase=0x{imageBase:X16}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TEST] ResolveMappedAddressOrFallback addr=0x{address:X} imageBase=0x{imageBase:X16}");

        if (address == 0)
        {
-            Log.Debug("-> return 0 (null)");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][TEST] -> return 0 (null)");
            return 0;
        }

        if (TryResolveMappedAddress(virtualMemory, address, imageBase, 1, out var resolved))
        {
-            Log.Debug($"-> resolved raw 0x{resolved:X16}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TEST] -> resolved raw 0x{resolved:X16}");
            return resolved;
        }

@@ -1948,18 +2231,18 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
            var rebased = address + imageBase;
            if (TryResolveMappedAddress(virtualMemory, rebased, imageBase, 1, out var resolvedRebased))
            {
-                Log.Debug($"-> resolved rebased 0x{resolvedRebased:X16}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TEST] -> resolved rebased 0x{resolvedRebased:X16}");
                return resolvedRebased;
            }
        }

        if (address < 0x10000)
        {
-            Log.Debug($"-> reject small 0x{address:X}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TEST] -> reject small 0x{address:X}");
            return 0;
        }

-        Log.Debug($"-> fallback raw 0x{address:X}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TEST] -> fallback raw 0x{address:X}");
        return address;
    }

@@ -2049,6 +2332,106 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        return virtualMemory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
    }

+    private static ulong ComputeRelocationValue(RelocationDescriptor descriptor, ulong resolvedSymbolValue)
+    {
+        var baseValue = descriptor.ValueKind == RelocationValueKind.SymbolSize
+            ? descriptor.SymbolValue
+            : resolvedSymbolValue;
+        var value = AddSigned(baseValue, descriptor.Addend);
+        return descriptor.ValueKind == RelocationValueKind.PcRelative
+            ? unchecked(value - descriptor.TargetAddress)
+            : value;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteRelocationValue(
+        IVirtualMemory virtualMemory,
+        RelocationDescriptor descriptor,
+        ulong value,
+        out string? error)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        var length = sizeof(ulong);
+        switch (descriptor.WriteKind)
+        {
+            case RelocationWriteKind.UInt64:
+                BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+                break;
+
+            case RelocationWriteKind.UInt32:
+                if (value > uint.MaxValue)
+                {
+                    error = $"value 0x{value:X16} overflows an unsigned 32-bit relocation";
+                    return false;
+                }
+                BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, (uint)value);
+                length = sizeof(uint);
+                break;
+
+            case RelocationWriteKind.Int32:
+                var signedValue = unchecked((long)value);
+                if (signedValue is < int.MinValue or > int.MaxValue)
+                {
+                    error = $"value {signedValue} overflows a signed 32-bit relocation";
+                    return false;
+                }
+                BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(buffer, (int)signedValue);
+                length = sizeof(int);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                error = $"unknown relocation write kind {descriptor.WriteKind}";
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        error = virtualMemory.TryWrite(descriptor.TargetAddress, buffer[..length])
+            ? null
+            : "target memory is not writable";
+        return error is null;
+    }
+
+    private static int GetRelocationWriteSize(uint relocationType)
+    {
+        return relocationType is
+            RelocationTypePc32 or
+            RelocationTypePlt32 or
+            RelocationTypeUnsigned32 or
+            RelocationTypeSigned32 or
+            RelocationTypeSize32
+                ? sizeof(uint)
+                : sizeof(ulong);
+    }
+
+    [Conditional("DEBUG")]
+    private static void RunRelocationSelfChecks()
+    {
+        var pc32 = new RelocationDescriptor(
+            TargetAddress: 0x1000,
+            Addend: -4,
+            ImportNid: null,
+            SymbolValue: 0x1800,
+            RelocationValueKind.PcRelative,
+            IsDataImport: false,
+            RelocationWriteKind.Int32);
+        Debug.Assert(
+            unchecked((long)ComputeRelocationValue(pc32, pc32.SymbolValue)) == 0x7FC,
+            "R_X86_64_PC32 did not apply S + A - P.");
+
+        var weak = new RelocationDescriptor(
+            TargetAddress: 0x2000,
+            Addend: 7,
+            ImportNid: "weak",
+            SymbolValue: 0,
+            RelocationValueKind.Pointer,
+            IsDataImport: false,
+            IsWeak: true);
+        Debug.Assert(
+            ComputeRelocationValue(weak, resolvedSymbolValue: 0) == 7,
+            "An unresolved weak relocation did not use S=0.");
+        Debug.Assert(
+            !ShouldCreateImportStub("weak", [weak], moduleManager: null),
+            "An unresolved weak symbol incorrectly received a trap import stub.");
+    }
+
    private static ulong AlignUp(ulong value, ulong alignment)
    {
        var mask = alignment - 1;
@@ -2257,6 +2640,16 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        {
            throw new InvalidDataException($"Unsupported ELF program header entry size: {header.ProgramHeaderEntrySize}.");
        }
+
+        // The CPU backend executes guest instructions natively, so a non
+        // x86-64 image can only fail deep in execution with an opaque SIGILL.
+        // Catch it here with an actionable message. (EM_X86_64 == 62.)
+        const ushort ElfMachineX86_64 = 62;
+        if (header.Machine != ElfMachineX86_64)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException(
+                $"Unsupported ELF machine type 0x{header.Machine:X4}; SharpEmu only runs x86-64 (EM_X86_64) images.");
+        }
    }

    private static unsafe T ReadUnmanaged<T>(ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, int offset)
@@ -2337,10 +2730,25 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        public uint Type => (uint)(Info & uint.MaxValue);
    }

+    private readonly record struct ModuleTlsInfo(ulong MemorySize, ulong StaticOffset);
+
    private enum RelocationValueKind : byte
    {
        Pointer = 0,
-        TlsModuleId = 1
+        TlsModuleId = 1,
+        // A pre-computed TLS offset written verbatim (TPOFF64/DTPOFF64). Unlike
+        // Pointer it is a signed displacement, not a mapped address, so it is
+        // patched as-is without the low-address validity warning.
+        TlsOffset = 2,
+        PcRelative = 3,
+        SymbolSize = 4,
+    }
+
+    private enum RelocationWriteKind : byte
+    {
+        UInt64 = 0,
+        UInt32 = 1,
+        Int32 = 2,
    }

    private readonly record struct RelocationDescriptor(
@@ -2349,7 +2757,9 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        string? ImportNid,
        ulong SymbolValue,
        RelocationValueKind ValueKind,
-        bool IsDataImport);
+        bool IsDataImport,
+        RelocationWriteKind WriteKind = RelocationWriteKind.UInt64,
+        bool IsWeak = false);

    private enum SelfSegmentResolveStatus
    {
@@ -2389,14 +2799,10 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
        public ulong FileSize => _fileSize;

        public bool HasKnownLayout =>
-            ((_ident0 == 0x4F &&
-              _ident1 == 0x15 &&
-              _ident2 == 0x3D &&
-              _ident3 == 0x1D) ||
-             (_ident0 == 0x54 &&
-              _ident1 == 0x14 &&
-              _ident2 == 0xF5 &&
-              _ident3 == 0xEE)) &&
+            _ident0 == 0x4F &&
+            _ident1 == 0x15 &&
+            _ident2 == 0x3D &&
+            _ident3 == 0x1D &&
            _ident4 == 0x00 &&
            _ident5 == 0x01 &&
            _ident6 == 0x01 &&
@@ -48,7 +48,107 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA

    public PhysicalVirtualMemory(IHostMemory? hostMemory = null)
    {
-        _hostMemory = hostMemory ?? HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+        _hostMemory = hostMemory ?? CrossPlatformHostMemory.Instance;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class CrossPlatformHostMemory : IHostMemory
+    {
+        public static readonly CrossPlatformHostMemory Instance = new();
+
+        public ulong Allocate(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection) =>
+            unchecked((ulong)HostMemory.Alloc(
+                (void*)desiredAddress,
+                (nuint)size,
+                HostMemory.MEM_RESERVE | HostMemory.MEM_COMMIT,
+                ToRawProtection(protection)));
+
+        public ulong Reserve(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection) =>
+            unchecked((ulong)HostMemory.Alloc(
+                (void*)desiredAddress,
+                (nuint)size,
+                HostMemory.MEM_RESERVE,
+                ToRawProtection(protection)));
+
+        public bool Commit(ulong address, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection) =>
+            HostMemory.Alloc(
+                (void*)address,
+                (nuint)size,
+                HostMemory.MEM_COMMIT,
+                ToRawProtection(protection)) != null;
+
+        public bool Free(ulong address) =>
+            HostMemory.Free((void*)address, 0, HostMemory.MEM_RELEASE);
+
+        public bool Protect(
+            ulong address,
+            ulong size,
+            HostPageProtection protection,
+            out uint rawOldProtection) =>
+            HostMemory.Protect(
+                (void*)address,
+                (nuint)size,
+                ToRawProtection(protection),
+                out rawOldProtection);
+
+        public bool ProtectRaw(
+            ulong address,
+            ulong size,
+            uint rawProtection,
+            out uint rawOldProtection) =>
+            HostMemory.Protect((void*)address, (nuint)size, rawProtection, out rawOldProtection);
+
+        public bool Query(ulong address, out HostRegionInfo info)
+        {
+            if (HostMemory.Query((void*)address, out var raw) == 0)
+            {
+                info = default;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var state = raw.State switch
+            {
+                HostMemory.MEM_FREE_STATE => HostRegionState.Free,
+                HostMemory.MEM_RESERVE => HostRegionState.Reserved,
+                _ => HostRegionState.Committed,
+            };
+
+            info = new HostRegionInfo(
+                raw.BaseAddress,
+                raw.AllocationBase,
+                raw.RegionSize,
+                state,
+                raw.State,
+                FromRawProtection(raw.Protect),
+                raw.Protect,
+                raw.AllocationProtect);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public void FlushInstructionCache(ulong address, ulong size) =>
+            HostMemory.FlushInstructionCache((void*)address, (nuint)size);
+
+        private static uint ToRawProtection(HostPageProtection protection) => protection switch
+        {
+            HostPageProtection.NoAccess => HostMemory.PAGE_NOACCESS,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadOnly => HostMemory.PAGE_READONLY,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadWrite => HostMemory.PAGE_READWRITE,
+            HostPageProtection.Execute => HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadExecute => HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READ,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute => HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+            HostPageProtection.ExecuteWriteCopy => 0x80,
+            _ => HostMemory.PAGE_NOACCESS,
+        };
+
+        private static HostPageProtection FromRawProtection(uint protection) => protection switch
+        {
+            HostMemory.PAGE_READONLY => HostPageProtection.ReadOnly,
+            HostMemory.PAGE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWrite,
+            HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE => HostPageProtection.Execute,
+            HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READ => HostPageProtection.ReadExecute,
+            HostMemory.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute,
+            0x80 => HostPageProtection.ExecuteWriteCopy,
+            _ => HostPageProtection.NoAccess,
+        };
    }

    public bool TryAllocateAtExact(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, bool executable, out ulong actualAddress)
@@ -98,6 +198,24 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
        return true;
    }

+    public string DescribeAddressForDiagnostics(ulong address)
+    {
+        if (!_hostMemory.Query(address, out var info))
+        {
+            return "unable to query host memory at this address";
+        }
+
+        return info.State switch
+        {
+            HostRegionState.Free => "address reports free, but the exact-address reservation still failed",
+            HostRegionState.Reserved =>
+                $"already reserved by another host allocation (base=0x{info.AllocationBase:X16}, size=0x{info.RegionSize:X})",
+            HostRegionState.Committed =>
+                $"already committed by another host allocation (base=0x{info.AllocationBase:X16}, size=0x{info.RegionSize:X}, protect=0x{info.RawProtection:X})",
+            _ => $"in an unexpected host state (raw=0x{info.RawState:X})",
+        };
+    }
+
    public ulong AllocateAt(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, bool executable = true, bool allowAlternative = true)
    {
        if (size == 0)
@@ -249,6 +367,35 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
        var requestedCursor = AlignUp(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment);
        var cursor = GetAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, requestedCursor, effectiveAlignment, executable);

+        // macOS needs alignment over-allocation; Linux uses exact-address search.
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            var reserveSize = effectiveAlignment > PageSize
+                ? alignedSize + effectiveAlignment
+                : alignedSize;
+            try
+            {
+                var posixAddress = AllocateAt(cursor, reserveSize, executable, allowAlternative: true);
+                if (posixAddress != 0)
+                {
+                    var alignedBase = AlignUp(posixAddress, effectiveAlignment);
+                    if (alignedBase + alignedSize <= posixAddress + reserveSize)
+                    {
+                        actualAddress = alignedBase;
+                        UpdateAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment, executable, alignedBase + alignedSize);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    ReleaseUntrackedAllocation(posixAddress);
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
        for (var attempt = 0; attempt < 0x10000; attempt++)
        {
            if (cursor == 0 || ulong.MaxValue - cursor < alignedSize)
@@ -262,19 +409,10 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                continue;
            }

-            try
-            {
-                actualAddress = AllocateAt(cursor, alignedSize, executable, allowAlternative: false);
-                if (actualAddress == cursor)
-                {
-                    UpdateAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment, executable, actualAddress + alignedSize);
-                    return true;
-                }
-
-                actualAddress = 0;
-            }
-            catch
+            if (TryAllocateAtExact(cursor, alignedSize, executable, out actualAddress))
            {
+                UpdateAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment, executable, actualAddress + alignedSize);
+                return true;
            }

            cursor = AlignUp(cursor + effectiveAlignment, effectiveAlignment);
@@ -283,6 +421,28 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
        return false;
    }

+    private void ReleaseUntrackedAllocation(ulong address)
+    {
+        _gate.EnterWriteLock();
+        try
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < _regions.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (_regions[i].VirtualAddress == address)
+                {
+                    _regions.RemoveAt(i);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _gate.ExitWriteLock();
+        }
+
+        _hostMemory.Free(address);
+    }
+
    public bool TryAllocateGuestMemory(ulong size, ulong alignment, out ulong address)
    {
        address = 0;
@@ -7,25 +7,22 @@ using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Disasm;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.AppContent;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.SaveData;
-using SharpEmu.Logging;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.Fiber;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.SystemService;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
-using System.IO;

 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Runtime;

 public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
 {
-    private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("Runtime");
-
-    private readonly record struct LoadedModuleImage(string Path, SelfImage Image);
+    private readonly record struct LoadedModuleImage(string Path, SelfImage Image, int Handle, bool StartAtBoot);

    private static readonly HashSet<string> PreloadSkipModules = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
    {
@@ -84,22 +81,19 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            ImportTraceLimit = Math.Max(0, options.ImportTraceLimit),
        };
        var moduleManager = new ModuleManager();
-        moduleManager.RegisterFromAssembly(typeof(KernelExports).Assembly, Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, Aerolib.Instance);
+        // The compile-time generated registry (SharpEmu.SourceGenerators) is the sole
+        // registration source; content tests in SharpEmu.Libs.Tests pin its invariants.
+        moduleManager.RegisterExports(SharpEmu.Generated.SysAbiExportRegistry.CreateExports(Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5));
        moduleManager.Freeze();

-        // Resolve the host platform once at the composition root; on unsupported
-        // OSes this throws PlatformNotSupportedException with a clear message
-        // instead of failing on the first native call.
-        var hostPlatform = HostPlatform.Current;
-
-        var virtualMemory = new PhysicalVirtualMemory(hostPlatform.Memory);
+        var virtualMemory = new PhysicalVirtualMemory();

        var fileSystem = new PhysicalFileSystem();

        return new SharpEmuRuntime(
            new SelfLoader(),
            virtualMemory,
-            new CpuDispatcher(virtualMemory, moduleManager, hostPlatform: hostPlatform),
+            new CpuDispatcher(virtualMemory, moduleManager),
            moduleManager,
            Aerolib.Instance,
            cpuExecutionOptions,
@@ -137,20 +131,21 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
    {
        var normalizedEbootPath = Path.GetFullPath(ebootPath);
        using var app0Binding = BindApp0Root(normalizedEbootPath);
-        Log.Info($"Loading: {ebootPath}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Loading: {ebootPath}");
        LastExecutionDiagnostics = null;
        LastExecutionTrace = null;
        LastSessionSummary = null;
        LastBasicBlockTrace = null;
        LastMilestoneLog = null;
+        FiberExports.ResetRuntimeState();
        KernelModuleRegistry.Reset();
        var image = LoadImage(normalizedEbootPath);
-        VideoOutExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.Title, image.TitleId, image.Version, BuildInfo.CommitSha);
+        VideoOutExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.Title, image.TitleId, image.Version);
        SaveDataExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.TitleId);
-        LogAppBundleInfo(normalizedEbootPath, image);
-        RegisterLoadedModule(normalizedEbootPath, image, isMain: true, isSystemModule: false);
+        SystemServiceExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.TitleId);
+        _ = RegisterLoadedModule(normalizedEbootPath, image, isMain: true, isSystemModule: false);
        KernelRuntimeCompatExports.ConfigureProcessProcParamAddress(image.ProcParamAddress);
-        Log.Info($"Entry: 0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Entry: 0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");
        var generation = image.ElfHeader.AbiVersion == 2 ? Generation.Gen5 : Generation.Gen4;
        var activeImportStubs = new Dictionary<ulong, string>(image.ImportStubs);
        var activeRuntimeSymbols = new Dictionary<string, ulong>(image.RuntimeSymbols, StringComparer.Ordinal);
@@ -173,7 +168,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            processImageName);
        if (initializerResult is { } failedInitializerResult)
        {
-            Log.Error($"Initializer dispatch failed: {failedInitializerResult}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Initializer dispatch failed: {failedInitializerResult}");
            LastExecutionTrace = _cpuDispatcher.LastImportResolutionTrace;
            LastMilestoneLog = _cpuDispatcher.LastMilestoneLog;
            LastSessionSummary = BuildSessionSummary(_cpuDispatcher.LastSessionSummary);
@@ -181,8 +176,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            return failedInitializerResult;
        }

-        Log.Info($"Dispatching, gen: {generation}");
-        Log.Debug($"About to call DispatchEntry with entryPoint=0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Dispatching, gen: {generation}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] About to call DispatchEntry with entryPoint=0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");

        var result = _cpuDispatcher.DispatchEntry(
            image.EntryPoint,
@@ -192,8 +187,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            processImageName,
            _cpuExecutionOptions);

-        Log.Info($"DispatchEntry returned: {result}");
-        Log.Info($"Dispatch result: {result}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] DispatchEntry returned: {result}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Dispatch result: {result}");
        LastExecutionTrace = _cpuDispatcher.LastImportResolutionTrace;
        LastMilestoneLog = _cpuDispatcher.LastMilestoneLog;
        LastSessionSummary = BuildSessionSummary(_cpuDispatcher.LastSessionSummary);
@@ -364,66 +359,6 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
        return result;
    }

-    private static void LogAppBundleInfo(string ebootPath, SelfImage image)
-    {
-        var executableName = Path.GetFileName(ebootPath);
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(executableName))
-        {
-            executableName = "eboot.bin";
-        }
-
-        var displayName = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(image.Title) ? "(unknown)" : image.Title!.Trim();
-        var titleId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(image.TitleId) ? "(unknown)" : image.TitleId!.Trim();
-        var version = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(image.Version) ? "(unknown)" : image.Version!.Trim();
-        var contentId = ResolveContentId(Path.GetDirectoryName(ebootPath)) ?? "(unknown)";
-
-        var builder = new StringBuilder();
-        builder.AppendLine("App bundle info:");
-        builder.AppendLine($"- Display name: {displayName}");
-        builder.AppendLine($"- Version: {version}");
-        builder.AppendLine($"- Title ID: {titleId}");
-        builder.AppendLine($"- Content ID: {contentId}");
-        builder.AppendLine($"- Executable: {executableName}");
-        builder.Append("- Platform: PlayStation 5");
-        Log.Info(builder.ToString());
-    }
-
-    private static string? ResolveContentId(string? bundleRoot)
-    {
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(bundleRoot))
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        foreach (var candidate in new[]
-        {
-            Path.Combine(bundleRoot, "sce_sys", "param.json"),
-            Path.Combine(bundleRoot, "param.json"),
-        })
-        {
-            if (!File.Exists(candidate))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                using var doc = System.Text.Json.JsonDocument.Parse(File.ReadAllBytes(candidate));
-                if (doc.RootElement.TryGetProperty("contentId", out var contentId))
-                {
-                    return contentId.GetString();
-                }
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex) when (ex is IOException or System.Text.Json.JsonException)
-            {
-            }
-
-            break;
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
    private static App0BindingScope? BindApp0Root(string normalizedEbootPath)
    {
        const string app0VariableName = "SHARPEMU_APP0_DIR";
@@ -438,6 +373,20 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            return null;
        }

+        // Dump tools commonly place decrypted executables in an app0/decrypted
+        // sidecar while leaving Unity data in the parent app0 directory. Keep
+        // loading code/modules beside the decrypted eboot, but mount /app0 at
+        // the content-bearing parent so boot.config, metadata and assets resolve.
+        if (string.Equals(Path.GetFileName(app0Root), "decrypted", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var parentRoot = Path.GetDirectoryName(app0Root);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(parentRoot) &&
+                Directory.Exists(Path.Combine(parentRoot, "Media")))
+            {
+                app0Root = parentRoot;
+            }
+        }
+
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(app0VariableName, app0Root);
        return new App0BindingScope(app0VariableName);
    }
@@ -483,6 +432,56 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
        return null;
    }

+    private bool TryGetEhFrameInfo(
+        SelfImage image,
+        ulong imageSize,
+        out ulong ehFrameHeaderAddress,
+        out ulong ehFrameAddress,
+        out ulong ehFrameSize)
+    {
+        ehFrameHeaderAddress = 0;
+        ehFrameAddress = 0;
+        ehFrameSize = 0;
+        var imageBase = image.EntryPoint >= image.ElfHeader.EntryPoint
+            ? image.EntryPoint - image.ElfHeader.EntryPoint
+            : 0UL;
+        for (var i = 0; i < image.ProgramHeaders.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var header = image.ProgramHeaders[i];
+            if (header.HeaderType != ProgramHeaderType.GnuEhFrame || header.MemorySize < 8)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var headerAddress = imageBase + header.VirtualAddress;
+            Span<byte> ehHeader = stackalloc byte[8];
+            if (!_virtualMemory.TryRead(headerAddress, ehHeader) ||
+                ehHeader[0] != 1 ||
+                ehHeader[1] != 0x1B)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var relativeOffset = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(ehHeader[4..]);
+            ehFrameHeaderAddress = headerAddress;
+            ehFrameAddress = unchecked((ulong)((long)headerAddress + 4 + relativeOffset));
+            if (ehFrameAddress < 0x10000)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var relativeEhFrameAddress = ehFrameAddress - imageBase;
+            ehFrameSize = header.VirtualAddress > relativeEhFrameAddress
+                ? header.VirtualAddress - relativeEhFrameAddress
+                : imageSize > header.VirtualAddress
+                    ? imageSize - header.VirtualAddress
+                    : 0;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
    private OrbisGen2Result? RunPreloadedModuleInitializers(
        IReadOnlyList<LoadedModuleImage> loadedModuleImages,
        Generation generation,
@@ -492,20 +491,30 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
        for (var i = 0; i < loadedModuleImages.Count; i++)
        {
            var loadedModule = loadedModuleImages[i];
+            if (!loadedModule.StartAtBoot)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
            var initEntryPoint = loadedModule.Image.InitFunctionEntryPoint;
            if (initEntryPoint < 0x10000)
            {
                continue;
            }

+            if (!KernelModuleRegistry.TryBeginModuleStart(loadedModule.Handle, out _))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
            var moduleName = Path.GetFileName(loadedModule.Path);
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(moduleName))
            {
                moduleName = $"module#{i}";
            }

-            Log.Info(
-                $"Starting module {moduleName}: dt_init=0x{initEntryPoint:X16}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[RUNTIME] Starting module {moduleName}: dt_init=0x{initEntryPoint:X16}");

            var result = _cpuDispatcher.DispatchModuleInitializer(
                initEntryPoint,
@@ -514,10 +523,13 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
                activeRuntimeSymbols,
                moduleName,
                _cpuExecutionOptions);
+            KernelModuleRegistry.CompleteModuleStart(
+                loadedModule.Handle,
+                result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
            if (result != OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
            {
-                Log.Error(
-                    $"Module start failed: {moduleName} -> {result}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[RUNTIME] Module start failed: {moduleName} -> {result}");
                return result;
            }
        }
@@ -538,8 +550,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            return null;
        }

-        Log.Info(
-            $"Running initializers for {label}: preinit={image.PreInitializerFunctions.Count}, init={image.InitializerFunctions.Count}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[RUNTIME] Running initializers for {label}: preinit={image.PreInitializerFunctions.Count}, init={image.InitializerFunctions.Count}");

        var result = RunInitializerList(
            $"{label}:preinit",
@@ -578,8 +590,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
                continue;
            }

-            Log.Debug(
-                $"  Initializer {label}[{i}] -> 0x{initializerAddress:X16}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[RUNTIME]   Initializer {label}[{i}] -> 0x{initializerAddress:X16}");

            var result = _cpuDispatcher.DispatchEntry(
                initializerAddress,
@@ -611,12 +623,17 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime

        var moduleDirectories = new[]
        {
-            Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "sce_module"),
-            Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "sce_modules"),
-            Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "Media", "Modules"),
+            (Path: Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "sce_module"), StartAtBoot: true),
+            (Path: Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "sce_modules"), StartAtBoot: true),
+            (Path: Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "Media", "Modules"), StartAtBoot: true),
+            // Unity native plugins are loaded later through sceKernelLoadStartModule. Map
+            // them up front so the HLE loader can return a real module handle and dlsym
+            // can resolve their exports, but defer DT_INIT until the guest requests them.
+            (Path: Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "Media", "Plugins"), StartAtBoot: false),
        }
-        .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-        .Where(Directory.Exists)
+        .GroupBy(entry => entry.Path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+        .Select(group => group.First())
+        .Where(entry => Directory.Exists(entry.Path))
        .ToArray();

        if (moduleDirectories.Length == 0)
@@ -626,28 +643,30 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime

        var allModulePaths = moduleDirectories
            .SelectMany(directory => Directory
-                .EnumerateFiles(directory)
-                .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-            .Where(path =>
+                .EnumerateFiles(directory.Path)
+                .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .Select(path => (Path: path, directory.StartAtBoot)))
+            .Where(entry =>
            {
-                var extension = Path.GetExtension(path);
+                var extension = Path.GetExtension(entry.Path);
                return string.Equals(extension, ".prx", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                       string.Equals(extension, ".sprx", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
            })
-            .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .GroupBy(entry => entry.Path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .Select(group => group.First())
            .ToArray();

        var modulePaths = allModulePaths
-            .Where(ShouldPreloadModule)
+            .Where(entry => ShouldPreloadModule(entry.Path))
            .ToArray();
        var skippedModules = allModulePaths
-            .Where(path => !ShouldPreloadModule(path))
-            .Select(Path.GetFileName)
+            .Where(entry => !ShouldPreloadModule(entry.Path))
+            .Select(entry => Path.GetFileName(entry.Path))
            .Where(name => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
            .ToArray();
        if (skippedModules.Length > 0)
        {
-            Log.Info($"Skipping {skippedModules.Length} core module(s): {string.Join(", ", skippedModules)}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Skipping {skippedModules.Length} core module(s): {string.Join(", ", skippedModules)}");
        }

        if (modulePaths.Length == 0)
@@ -655,14 +674,15 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            return loadedImages;
        }

-        Log.Debug($"Module search directories: {string.Join(", ", moduleDirectories)}");
-        Log.Info($"Loading {modulePaths.Length} module(s)...");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Module search directories: {string.Join(", ", moduleDirectories.Select(entry => entry.Path))}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Loading {modulePaths.Length} module(s)...");
        var loadedModules = 0;
        var failedModules = 0;
        var mergedImportCount = 0;
        var mergedSymbolCount = 0;
-        foreach (var modulePath in modulePaths)
+        foreach (var moduleEntry in modulePaths)
        {
+            var modulePath = moduleEntry.Path;
            try
            {
                var fileInfo = new FileInfo(modulePath);
@@ -687,25 +707,52 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime

                mergedImportCount += MergeImportStubs(importStubs, moduleImage.ImportStubs, modulePath);
                mergedSymbolCount += MergeRuntimeSymbols(runtimeSymbols, moduleImage.RuntimeSymbols);
-                RegisterLoadedModule(modulePath, moduleImage, isMain: false, isSystemModule: false);
-                loadedImages.Add(new LoadedModuleImage(modulePath, moduleImage));
+                InstallNativePluginCompatibilityHooks(importStubs, moduleImage, modulePath);
+                var moduleHandle = RegisterLoadedModule(modulePath, moduleImage, isMain: false, isSystemModule: false);
+                var moduleName = Path.GetFileName(modulePath);
+                var startAtBoot = moduleEntry.StartAtBoot ||
+                    string.Equals(moduleName, "libfmod.prx", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                    string.Equals(moduleName, "libfmodstudio.prx", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                loadedImages.Add(new LoadedModuleImage(modulePath, moduleImage, moduleHandle, startAtBoot));
                loadedModules++;

-                Log.Info(
-                    $"Loaded module {Path.GetFileName(modulePath)}: entry=0x{moduleImage.EntryPoint:X16}, imports={moduleImage.ImportStubs.Count}, symbols={moduleImage.RuntimeSymbols.Count}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[RUNTIME] Loaded module {Path.GetFileName(modulePath)}: entry=0x{moduleImage.EntryPoint:X16}, imports={moduleImage.ImportStubs.Count}, symbols={moduleImage.RuntimeSymbols.Count}");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                failedModules++;
-                Log.Error($"Module load failed: {modulePath} ({ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message})", ex);
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Module load failed: {modulePath} ({ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message})");
            }
        }

-        Log.Info(
-            $"Module preload summary: loaded={loadedModules}, failed={failedModules}, merged_imports={mergedImportCount}, merged_symbols={mergedSymbolCount}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[RUNTIME] Module preload summary: loaded={loadedModules}, failed={failedModules}, merged_imports={mergedImportCount}, merged_symbols={mergedSymbolCount}");
        return loadedImages;
    }

+    private static void InstallNativePluginCompatibilityHooks(
+        IDictionary<ulong, string> importStubs,
+        SelfImage moduleImage,
+        string modulePath)
+    {
+        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetFileName(modulePath), "libfmod.prx", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ReadOnlySpan<string> compatibilityNids = ["uPLTdl3psGk"];
+        foreach (var nid in compatibilityNids)
+        {
+            if (moduleImage.RuntimeSymbols.TryGetValue(nid, out var address) && address >= 0x10000)
+            {
+                importStubs[address] = nid;
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[RUNTIME] Installed FMOD compatibility hook: {nid} -> 0x{address:X16}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
    private void RebindImportedDataSymbols(
        SelfImage mainImage,
        IReadOnlyList<LoadedModuleImage> loadedModuleImages,
@@ -722,8 +769,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime

        if (rebound != 0 || unresolved != 0)
        {
-            Log.Info(
-                $"Imported data rebind: rebound={rebound}, unresolved={unresolved}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[RUNTIME] Imported data rebind: rebound={rebound}, unresolved={unresolved}");
        }
    }

@@ -755,8 +802,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            {
                if (logRebind)
                {
-                    Log.Warning(
-                        $"Imported data unresolved: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} addend=0x{unchecked((ulong)relocation.Addend):X16}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[RUNTIME] Imported data unresolved: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} addend=0x{unchecked((ulong)relocation.Addend):X16}");
                }

                unresolved++;
@@ -768,8 +815,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            {
                if (logRebind)
                {
-                    Log.Error(
-                        $"Imported data write-failed: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[RUNTIME] Imported data write-failed: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
                }

                unresolved++;
@@ -778,8 +825,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime

            if (logRebind)
            {
-                Log.Debug(
-                    $"Imported data rebound: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[RUNTIME] Imported data rebound: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
            }

            rebound++;
@@ -815,8 +862,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            {
                if (!string.Equals(existingNid, nid, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                {
-                    Log.Warning(
-                        $"Import stub conflict at 0x{address:X16}: keep={existingNid}, skip={nid} ({Path.GetFileName(modulePath)})");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[RUNTIME] Import stub conflict at 0x{address:X16}: keep={existingNid}, skip={nid} ({Path.GetFileName(modulePath)})");
                }

                continue;
@@ -910,7 +957,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
        return !PreloadSkipModules.Contains(fileName);
    }

-    private static void RegisterLoadedModule(string modulePath, SelfImage image, bool isMain, bool isSystemModule)
+    private int RegisterLoadedModule(string modulePath, SelfImage image, bool isMain, bool isSystemModule)
    {
        if (!TryComputeImageRange(image, out var baseAddress, out var size))
        {
@@ -918,15 +965,27 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
            size = 0;
        }

+        _ = TryGetEhFrameInfo(
+            image,
+            size,
+            out var ehFrameHeaderAddress,
+            out var ehFrameAddress,
+            out var ehFrameSize);
        var handle = KernelModuleRegistry.RegisterModule(
            modulePath,
            baseAddress,
            size,
            image.EntryPoint,
+            image.InitFunctionEntryPoint,
+            ehFrameHeaderAddress,
+            ehFrameAddress,
+            ehFrameSize,
            isMain,
            isSystemModule);
-        Log.Info(
-            $"Registered module handle={handle} name={Path.GetFileName(modulePath)} base=0x{baseAddress:X16} size=0x{size:X16}");
+        KernelModuleRegistry.RegisterModuleSymbols(handle, image.RuntimeSymbols);
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[RUNTIME] Registered module handle={handle} name={Path.GetFileName(modulePath)} base=0x{baseAddress:X16} size=0x{size:X16}");
+        return handle;
    }

    private static bool TryComputeImageRange(SelfImage image, out ulong baseAddress, out ulong size)
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <PackageReference Include="Iced" />
  </ItemGroup>

+  <ItemGroup>
+    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="SharpEmu.Libs.Tests" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
  <PropertyGroup>
    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>
  </PropertyGroup>
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 2,
-  "dependencies": {
-    "net10.0": {
-      "Iced": {
-        "type": "Direct",
-        "requested": "[1.21.0, )",
-        "resolved": "1.21.0",
-        "contentHash": "dv5+81Q1TBQvVMSOOOmRcjJmvWcX3BZPZsIq31+RLc5cNft0IHAyNlkdb7ZarOWG913PyBoFDsDXoCIlKmLclg=="
-      },
-      "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "3.1.6",
-        "contentHash": "jek4XYaQ/PGUwDKKhwR8K47Uh1189PFzMeLqO83mXrXQVIpARZCcfuDedH50YDTepBkfijCZN5U/vZi++erxtg=="
-      },
-      "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "9.0.9",
-        "contentHash": "fNGvKct2De8ghm0Bpfq0iWthtzIWabgOTi+gJhNOPhNJIowXNEUE2eZNW/zNCzrHVA3PXg2yZ+3cWZndC2IqYA=="
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Core": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "D7AT/nnwlB+4RZ84XY8QNGBZMJI5z9l4CSSETIJ1wCfRJzRt/341y3MRZ4HbnFz4r/IGaWOEZr86iE+0/65yyQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": "3.1.6",
-          "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": "9.0.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.GLFW": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "UIs4sH57xlPUNHQ/1bt9rymPWlGy8IMDCNv86h0iM4TOA1CkIx0XM/n/tA4AReh1zQkNrvkxPEdZ3Blvy1dyXg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
-          "Ultz.Native.GLFW": "3.4.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Maths": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "r8PdIVzME8EH0qAgbmRPO87I4GfgR2j8TofT7EMuRJDf1QluoQwnVypDoFJjQ2ZBSRsGYk5unYxxogI05Ogsmw=="
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "ThStSinmY9KQI8DGiF5XEhkLJVnBcgRTBTzL9ijg1wMZAYuckz7ykrNw04fjRm2Gryh6tCNGbvz2XaY0efeFzg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
-          "Silk.NET.Maths": "2.23.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "aYBudKmENmvLRn9p15HbdvlQTnnXskcDfTfbYwSb/4fr263rGLwYuDw/txUEc2jihHJiWCp5+75Y7z5wTJWl7g==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Silk.NET.GLFW": "2.23.0",
-          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "3.4.0",
-        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
-      },
-      "sharpemu.hle": {
-        "type": "Project",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SharpEmu.Logging": "[1.0.0, )"
-        }
-      },
-      "sharpemu.libs": {
-        "type": "Project",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
-          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
-          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": "[2.23.0, )",
-          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
-          "Silk.NET.Windowing": "[2.23.0, )"
-        }
-      },
-      "sharpemu.logging": {
-        "type": "Project"
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Vulkan": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "3/irtlSWXZ3eTi8N6nelI6L34NTB8ZJHpqVMNzZx2aX7Ek9YEQ34NoQW8/Tljrtmkg8KRhHW8hKTEzZaKV8PgA==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "+Oth189ksRiL6HvGCwIdnsYHawqrbO8y49u1H61z3wsfcHhQZeVDYe/wF5LD7fk3NcdgDvwFD3mLm1QWhdZySw==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
-          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "uRaf4j+SmH3DumjSSSUbFg33BnsGZUyXGj93O9NgGKZSJN3OTmNmQDxRew+/KiVLcgH6qzbto8aNGZ++j9GFWg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
-          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Silk.NET.Windowing": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
-        "resolved": "2.23.0",
-        "contentHash": "OPNPmt/lRyUKVYrFLQXVxyATqD3MKLc1iY1oKx1/2GppgmZxVZPwN12tekrQ4C7408kgB1L5JD1Wnirqqeb2kg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0",
-          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": "2.23.0"
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
    /// <summary>Publish launcher/game status to Discord Rich Presence.</summary>
    public bool DiscordRichPresence { get; set; } = true;

+    public bool CheckForUpdatesOnStartup { get; set; } = true;
+
    /// <summary>Names of SHARPEMU_* switches set to "1" in the emulator's environment at launch.</summary>
    public List<string> EnvironmentToggles { get; set; } = new();

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
  "Options.General": "Opções Gerais",
  "Options.Env.Tab": "Ambiente",
  "Options.Section.Environment": "VARIÁVEIS DE AMBIENTE",
-  "Options.Env.Desc": "Switches passados para o emulador como variáveis de ambiente na inicialização.",
-  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Reporta o Bluetooth HID como indisponível para títulos cujo middleware de volante/FFB fica esperando indefinidamente.\nDeixe desativado normalmente. Alguns títulos travam quando a inicialização falha.",
-  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Não force o encerramento de títulos que repetem a mesma chamada por tempo demais.\nExperimente isso quando um jogo fecha sozinho durante o carregamento.",
+  "Options.Env.Desc": "Variáveis de ambiente passadas ao emulador durante a inicialização.",
+  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Informa o Bluetooth HID como indisponível para títulos cujo middleware de volante/FFB fica verificando indefinidamente.\nNormalmente, deixe desativado. Alguns títulos travam quando a inicialização falha.",
+  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Não força o encerramento de títulos que repetem a mesma chamada por tempo excessivo.\nExperimente esta opção se um jogo fechar sozinho durante o carregamento.",
  "Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc": "Ativa as camadas de validação do Vulkan para depuração de GPU.\nLento. Requer que o Vulkan SDK esteja instalado.",
  "Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc": "Extrai os shaders AGC e suas traduções SPIR-V para a pasta shader-dumps.\nUse ao reportar bugs de shader ou renderização.",
  "Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc": "Registra alocações de memória direta e falhas no console.\nUse quando um jogo aborta ou fecha durante a inicialização (boot).",
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
  "Console.Title": "CONSOLE",
  "Console.SearchWatermark": "Pesquisar...",
  "Console.AutoScroll": "Rolagem automática",
-  "Console.Split": "Recortar",
+  "Console.Split": "Dividir",
  "Console.Copy": "Copiar",
  "Console.Clear": "Limpar",
  "Console.WindowTitle": "Console do SharpEmu",
@@ -134,5 +134,13 @@
  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Executáveis de PS",
  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Selecione onde salvar o arquivo de log",
  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Arquivos de texto simples",
-  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Arquivos de log"
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Arquivos de log",
+
+  "Options.About" : "Sobre",
+  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
+  "About.Github.Desc": "Código-fonte, problemas e desenvolvimento do projeto.",
+  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
+  "About.Discord.Desc": "Participe da comunidade, obtenha suporte e acompanhe o desenvolvimento.",
+  "About.GithubButton": "Contribua no GitHub!",
+  "About.DiscordButton": "Entre no nosso Discord!"
 }
@@ -31,9 +31,11 @@
  "Options.Env.Desc": "Switches passed to the emulator as environment variables at launch.",
  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Report Bluetooth HID as unavailable for titles whose wheel/FFB middleware polls forever.\nLeave off normally. Some titles freeze when init fails.",
  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Do not force quit titles that repeat the same call for too long.\nTry this when a game exits on its own while loading.",
+  "Options.Env.WritableApp0.Desc": "Allow titles to create and write files inside their install folder.\nNeeded by unpackaged dumps that write their save or config data under /app0.",
  "Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc": "Enable Vulkan validation layers for GPU debugging.\nSlow. Requires the Vulkan SDK to be installed.",
  "Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc": "Dump AGC shaders and their SPIR-V translations to the shader-dumps folder.\nUse when reporting shader or rendering bugs.",
  "Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc": "Log direct memory allocations and failures to the console.\nUse when a game aborts or exits during boot.",
+  "Options.Env.LogIo.Desc": "Log file open, read, and path-resolve activity to the console.\nUse when a game cannot find its data files during boot.",
  "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "Log NP (PlayStation Network) library calls to the console.",
  "Options.Section.Emulation": "EMULATION",
  "Options.Section.Logging": "LOGGING",
@@ -139,8 +141,25 @@
  "Options.About" : "About",
  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
  "About.Github.Desc": "Source code, issues and project development.",
+  "About.Github.LatestCommitLabel": "Latest Commit",
+  "About.Github.LatestCommitDescription": "Latest commit on the main branch",
  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
  "About.Discord.Desc": "Join the community, get support and follow development.",
  "About.GithubButton": "Contribute in GitHub!",
-  "About.DiscordButton": "Join our Discord!"
+  "About.DiscordButton": "Join our Discord!",
+
+  "Updater.Auto.Label": "Check for updates on startup",
+  "Updater.Auto.Desc": "Checks GitHub without delaying startup.",
+  "Updater.Label": "Updates",
+  "Updater.Check": "Check for updates",
+  "Updater.DownloadRestart": "Download and restart",
+  "Updater.Status.Ready": "Current build: {0}",
+  "Updater.Status.Checking": "Checking for updates…",
+  "Updater.Status.Current": "You are up to date ({0}).",
+  "Updater.Status.Available": "A new build is available: {0}",
+  "Updater.Status.Downloading": "Downloading update… {0}%",
+  "Updater.Status.Installing": "Installing update…",
+  "Updater.Status.Timeout": "Update check timed out after 10 seconds.",
+  "Updater.Status.Failed": "Could not check for updates.",
+  "Updater.Status.Unsupported": "Automatic updating requires a Windows, Linux or macOS x64 build."
 }
@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@
  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
  "About.Github.Desc": "Código fuente, issues y desarrollo del proyecto.",
  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
+  "About.Github.LatestCommitLabel": "Último Commit",
+  "About.Github.LatestCommitDescription": "Último commit en la rama main",
  "About.Discord.Desc": "Únete a la comunidad, recibe soporte y sigue el desarrollo.",
  "About.GithubButton": "Contribuye en GitHub!",
  "About.DiscordButton": "Únete a nuestro Discord!"
@@ -26,6 +26,15 @@
  "Library.Loading": "Chargement de la bibliothèque…",

  "Options.General": "Général",
+  "Options.Env.Tab": "Environnement",
+  "Options.Section.Environment": "VARIABLES D’ENVIRONNEMENT",
+  "Options.Env.Desc": "Paramètres passés à l’émulateur comme variables d’environnement au lancement.",
+  "Options.Env.Bthid.Desc": "Signaler le HID Bluetooth comme indisponible pour les titres dont le middleware volant/FFB interroge indéfiniment.\nLaissez désactivé normalement. Certains titres se bloquent si l’initialisation échoue.",
+  "Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc": "Ne pas forcer la fermeture des titres qui répètent le même appel trop longtemps.\nEssayez ceci quand un jeu se ferme tout seul pendant le chargement.",
+  "Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc": "Activer les couches de validation Vulkan pour le débogage GPU.\nRalentit. Nécessite l’installation du Vulkan SDK.",
+  "Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc": "Exporter les shaders AGC et leurs traductions SPIR-V dans le dossier shader-dumps.\nÀ utiliser pour signaler des bugs de shader ou de rendu.",
+  "Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc": "Journaliser les allocations de mémoire directe et les échecs dans la console.\nÀ utiliser quand un jeu plante ou se ferme pendant le démarrage.",
+  "Options.Env.LogNp.Desc": "Journaliser les appels de la bibliothèque NP (PlayStation Network) dans la console.",
  "Options.Section.Emulation": "ÉMULATION",
  "Options.Section.Logging": "JOURNALISATION",
  "Options.Section.Launcher": "LANCEUR",
@@ -125,5 +134,13 @@
  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "Exécutables PlayStation",
  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Choisir l’emplacement du fichier journal",
  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Fichiers texte brut",
-  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Fichiers journaux"
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Fichiers journaux",
+
+  "Options.About": "À propos",
+  "About.Github.Label": "GitHub",
+  "About.Github.Desc": "Code source, issues et développement du projet.",
+  "About.Discord.Label": "Discord",
+  "About.Discord.Desc": "Rejoignez la communauté, obtenez de l’aide et suivez le développement.",
+  "About.GithubButton": "Contribuer sur GitHub !",
+  "About.DiscordButton": "Rejoindre notre Discord !"
 }
@@ -125,5 +125,20 @@
  "Dialog.PsExecutables": "PS çalıştırılabilirleri",
  "Dialog.SaveLogFile": "Günlük dosyasının kaydedileceği yeri seçin",
  "Dialog.PlainTextFiles": "Düz Metin Dosyaları",
-  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Günlük Dosyaları"
+  "Dialog.LogFiles": "Günlük Dosyaları",
+
+  "Updater.Auto.Label": "Açılışta güncellemeleri denetle",
+  "Updater.Auto.Desc": "Açılışı geciktirmeden GitHub'ı denetler.",
+  "Updater.Label": "Güncellemeler",
+  "Updater.Check": "Güncellemeleri denetle",
+  "Updater.DownloadRestart": "İndir ve yeniden başlat",
+  "Updater.Status.Ready": "Mevcut build: {0}",
+  "Updater.Status.Checking": "Güncellemeler denetleniyor…",
+  "Updater.Status.Current": "Güncelsiniz ({0}).",
+  "Updater.Status.Available": "Yeni build mevcut: {0}",
+  "Updater.Status.Downloading": "Güncelleme indiriliyor… %{0}",
+  "Updater.Status.Installing": "Güncelleme kuruluyor…",
+  "Updater.Status.Timeout": "Güncelleme denetimi 10 saniye sonra zaman aşımına uğradı.",
+  "Updater.Status.Failed": "Güncellemeler denetlenemedi.",
+  "Updater.Status.Unsupported": "Otomatik güncelleme Windows, Linux veya macOS x64 build'i gerektirir."
 }
@@ -315,6 +315,16 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="DiscordToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
                      </Grid>
+
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="AutoUpdateLabel" Text="Check for updates on startup" FontSize="13" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="AutoUpdateDesc" Text="Checks GitHub without delaying startup."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="AutoUpdateToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      IsChecked="True" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
                    </StackPanel>
                  </Border>
                  <Border Classes="card">
@@ -322,6 +332,40 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                      <TextBlock x:Name="AboutSectionTitle"
                                Classes="sectionTitle"
                                Text="ABOUT" />
+
+                      <!--Latest commit info-->
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel Grid.Column="0" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                          <Image Source="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/commit-icon.png"
+                                    Width="24" Height="24" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                          <StackPanel Spacing="2" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="LatestCommitLabel" Text="Latest commit" FontSize="13"/>
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="LatestCommitDescription" Text="Latest commit on the main branch" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"/>
+                          </StackPanel>
+                        </StackPanel>
+
+                        <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="LatestCommitHashText" Classes="ghost"
+                          Content="Loading…" FontSize="12" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace"
+                          VerticalAlignment="Center" IsEnabled="False" />
+
+                      </Grid>
+
+                      <!--Update-->
+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel Grid.Column="0" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                          <Image Source="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/update-icon.png"
+                                    Width="24"
+                                    Height="24"
+                                    VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                          <StackPanel Spacing="2" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="UpdateLabel" Text="Updates" FontSize="13" />
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="UpdateStatusText" Text="Current build: dev" FontSize="11"
+                                      Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                          </StackPanel>
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="UpdateButton" Classes="ghost"
+                                Content="Check for updates" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
                      
                      <!--Github-->
                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
@@ -420,6 +464,17 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
                      </Grid>

+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_WRITABLE_APP0" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvWritableApp0Desc"
+                                     Text="Allow titles to create and write files inside their install folder.&#10;Needed by unpackaged dumps that write their save or config data under /app0."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvWritableApp0Toggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
@@ -453,6 +508,17 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
                      </Grid>

+                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
+                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
+                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_LOG_IO" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
+                          <TextBlock x:Name="EnvLogIoDesc"
+                                     Text="Log file open, read, and path-resolve activity to the console.&#10;Use when a game cannot find its data files during boot."
+                                     FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                        </StackPanel>
+                        <ToggleSwitch Grid.Column="1" x:Name="EnvLogIoToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off"
+                                      VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                      </Grid>
+
                      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
                        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" Spacing="2" Margin="0,0,16,0">
                          <TextBlock Text="SHARPEMU_LOG_NP" FontSize="13" FontFamily="Consolas,monospace" />
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Net.Http.Headers;

 namespace SharpEmu.GUI;

@@ -34,6 +35,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private static readonly IBrush WarningLineBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#E8B341"));
    private static readonly IBrush ErrorLineBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#F2777C"));
    private static readonly IBrush SuccessLineBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#63D489"));
+    private static readonly StringComparer FilePathComparer = OperatingSystem.IsWindows()
+        ? StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase
+        : StringComparer.Ordinal;
+    private static readonly StringComparison FilePathComparison = OperatingSystem.IsWindows()
+        ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase
+        : StringComparison.Ordinal;

    private readonly List<GameEntry> _allGames = new();
    private readonly ObservableCollection<GameEntry> _visibleGames = new();
@@ -51,6 +58,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private bool _isRunning;
    private int _autoScrollTicks;
    private int _activePageIndex;
+    private Updater.UpdateInfo? _availableUpdate;
+    private string _updateStatusKey = "Updater.Status.Ready";
+    private object?[] _updateStatusArgs = [BuildInfo.CommitSha ?? "dev"];

    // Discord Rich Presence state.
    private readonly long _launcherStartUnixSeconds = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
@@ -69,6 +79,10 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private long _navUpNextAt;
    private long _navDownNextAt;

+    //Github http client for latest commit
+    private static readonly HttpClient GithubHttpClient = CreateGithubHttpClient();
+    private string? _latestCommitSha;
+
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
@@ -125,17 +139,24 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
            _settings.DiscordRichPresence = DiscordToggle.IsChecked == true;
            UpdateDiscordPresence();
        };
+        AutoUpdateToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            _settings.CheckForUpdatesOnStartup = AutoUpdateToggle.IsChecked == true;
+        UpdateButton.Click += async (_, _) => await OnUpdateButtonAsync();
        SelectLogFilePathButton.Click += async (_, _) => await SelectLogFilePathAsync();
        EnvBthidToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_BTHID_UNAVAILABLE", EnvBthidToggle.IsChecked == true);
        EnvLoopGuardToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_IMPORT_LOOP_GUARD", EnvLoopGuardToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        EnvWritableApp0Toggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_WRITABLE_APP0", EnvWritableApp0Toggle.IsChecked == true);
        EnvVkValidationToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION", EnvVkValidationToggle.IsChecked == true);
        EnvDumpSpirvToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_DUMP_SPIRV", EnvDumpSpirvToggle.IsChecked == true);
        EnvLogDirectMemoryToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_LOG_DIRECT_MEMORY", EnvLogDirectMemoryToggle.IsChecked == true);
+        EnvLogIoToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
+            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_LOG_IO", EnvLogIoToggle.IsChecked == true);
        EnvLogNpToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
            SetEnvironmentToggle("SHARPEMU_LOG_NP", EnvLogNpToggle.IsChecked == true);
        LanguageBox.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => OnLanguageChanged();
@@ -166,7 +187,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
            Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo
            {
-                FileName = "https://github.com/par274/sharpemu",
+                FileName = "https://github.com/sharpemu/sharpemu",
                UseShellExecute = true
            });
        };
@@ -179,6 +200,21 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
                UseShellExecute = true
            });
        };
+
+        LatestCommitHashText.Click += (_, _) =>
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_latestCommitSha))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName =
+                    $"https://github.com/sharpemu/sharpemu/commit/{_latestCommitSha}",
+                UseShellExecute = true
+            });
+        };
    }

    /// <summary>
@@ -220,6 +256,91 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        }
    }

+    // ---- Github http client config ----
+    // This is for getting lash commit id
+    private static HttpClient CreateGithubHttpClient()
+    {
+        var client = new HttpClient
+        {
+            Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15)
+        };
+
+        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.ParseAdd("SharpEmu/1.0");
+        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(
+            new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/vnd.github.sha"));
+
+        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(
+            "X-GitHub-Api-Version",
+            "2026-03-10");
+
+        return client;
+    }
+    private async Task LoadLatestCommitAsync()
+    {
+        const string apiUrl =
+            "https://api.github.com/repos/sharpemu/sharpemu/commits/main";
+
+        _latestCommitSha = null;
+        LatestCommitHashText.Content = "Loading…";
+        LatestCommitHashText.IsEnabled = false;
+
+        try
+        {
+            using var response = await GithubHttpClient.GetAsync(apiUrl);
+            var responseBody =
+                (await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync()).Trim();
+
+            if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+            {
+                LatestCommitHashText.Content =
+                    $"HTTP {(int)response.StatusCode}";
+
+                ToolTip.SetTip(
+                    LatestCommitHashText,
+                    string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(responseBody)
+                        ? response.ReasonPhrase
+                        : responseBody);
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (responseBody.Length < 7)
+            {
+                LatestCommitHashText.Content = "Invalid response";
+                ToolTip.SetTip(LatestCommitHashText, responseBody);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Keep the complete SHA for the URL.
+            _latestCommitSha = responseBody;
+
+            // Display only the short SHA.
+            LatestCommitHashText.Content =
+                responseBody[..Math.Min(7, responseBody.Length)];
+
+            LatestCommitHashText.IsEnabled = true;
+
+            ToolTip.SetTip(
+                LatestCommitHashText,
+                $"Open commit {_latestCommitSha}");
+        }
+        catch (TaskCanceledException ex)
+        {
+            LatestCommitHashText.Content = "Timeout";
+            ToolTip.SetTip(LatestCommitHashText, ex.Message);
+        }
+        catch (HttpRequestException ex)
+        {
+            LatestCommitHashText.Content = "Connection error";
+            ToolTip.SetTip(LatestCommitHashText, ex.Message);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            LatestCommitHashText.Content = "Error";
+            ToolTip.SetTip(LatestCommitHashText, ex.Message);
+        }
+    }
+
    // ---- Controller navigation ----

    private void PollGamepad()
@@ -365,6 +486,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        ApplySettingsToControls();
        LocateEmulator();
        UpdateDiscordPresence();
+        _ = LoadLatestCommitAsync();
+
+        if (_settings.CheckForUpdatesOnStartup)
+        {
+            _ = CheckForUpdatesAsync();
+        }
        await RescanLibraryAsync();
    }

@@ -421,9 +548,11 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        EnvDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.Desc");
        EnvBthidDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.Bthid.Desc");
        EnvLoopGuardDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.LoopGuard.Desc");
+        EnvWritableApp0Desc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.WritableApp0.Desc");
        EnvVkValidationDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.VkValidation.Desc");
        EnvDumpSpirvDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.DumpSpirv.Desc");
        EnvLogDirectMemoryDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.LogDirectMemory.Desc");
+        EnvLogIoDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.LogIo.Desc");
        EnvLogNpDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Env.LogNp.Desc");
        EmulationSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Options.Section.Emulation");
        LoggingSectionTitle.Text = loc.Get("Options.Section.Logging");
@@ -466,8 +595,10 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window

        DiscordLabel.Text = loc.Get("Options.Discord.Label");
        DiscordDesc.Text = loc.Get("Options.Discord.Desc");
+        AutoUpdateLabel.Text = loc.Get("Updater.Auto.Label");
+        AutoUpdateDesc.Text = loc.Get("Updater.Auto.Desc");

-        foreach (var toggle in new[] { StrictToggle, LogToFileToggle, OverrideLogFileToggle, TitleMusicToggle, DiscordToggle })
+        foreach (var toggle in new[] { StrictToggle, LogToFileToggle, OverrideLogFileToggle, TitleMusicToggle, DiscordToggle, AutoUpdateToggle })
        {
            toggle.OnContent = loc.Get("Common.On");
            toggle.OffContent = loc.Get("Common.Off");
@@ -491,6 +622,10 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        DiscordServerDesc.Text = loc.Get("About.Discord.Desc");
        GithubButton.Content = loc.Get("About.GithubButton");
        DiscordButton.Content = loc.Get("About.DiscordButton");
+        UpdateLabel.Text = loc.Get("Updater.Label");
+        LatestCommitLabel.Text = loc.Get("About.Github.LatestCommitLabel");
+        LatestCommitDescription.Text = loc.Get("About.Github.LatestCommitDescription");
+        RefreshUpdateText();

        UpdateEmptyStateTexts();
        UpdateSelectedGameTexts();
@@ -606,15 +741,87 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        OverrideLogFileToggle.IsChecked = _settings.OverrideLogFile;
        TitleMusicToggle.IsChecked = _settings.PlayTitleMusic;
        DiscordToggle.IsChecked = _settings.DiscordRichPresence;
+        AutoUpdateToggle.IsChecked = _settings.CheckForUpdatesOnStartup;
        EnvBthidToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_BTHID_UNAVAILABLE");
        EnvLoopGuardToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_IMPORT_LOOP_GUARD");
+        EnvWritableApp0Toggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_WRITABLE_APP0");
        EnvVkValidationToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION");
        EnvDumpSpirvToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_DUMP_SPIRV");
        EnvLogDirectMemoryToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_LOG_DIRECT_MEMORY");
+        EnvLogIoToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_LOG_IO");
        EnvLogNpToggle.IsChecked = _settings.EnvironmentToggles.Contains("SHARPEMU_LOG_NP");
        UpdateLogFilePathText();
    }

+    private async Task OnUpdateButtonAsync()
+    {
+        if (_availableUpdate is null)
+        {
+            await CheckForUpdatesAsync();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        UpdateButton.IsEnabled = false;
+        try
+        {
+            var progress = new Progress<int>(value =>
+                SetUpdateStatus("Updater.Status.Downloading", value));
+            await Updater.DownloadAndRestartAsync(_availableUpdate, progress);
+            SetUpdateStatus("Updater.Status.Installing");
+            Close();
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            SetUpdateStatus("Updater.Status.Failed");
+            UpdateButton.IsEnabled = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async Task CheckForUpdatesAsync()
+    {
+        _availableUpdate = null;
+        UpdateButton.IsEnabled = false;
+        SetUpdateStatus("Updater.Status.Checking");
+        try
+        {
+            _availableUpdate = await Updater.CheckAsync(BuildInfo.CommitSha);
+            SetUpdateStatus(
+                _availableUpdate is null ? "Updater.Status.Current" : "Updater.Status.Available",
+                _availableUpdate?.Sha ?? BuildInfo.CommitSha ?? "dev");
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException)
+        {
+            SetUpdateStatus("Updater.Status.Timeout");
+        }
+        catch (PlatformNotSupportedException)
+        {
+            SetUpdateStatus("Updater.Status.Unsupported");
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            SetUpdateStatus("Updater.Status.Failed");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            UpdateButton.IsEnabled = true;
+            RefreshUpdateText();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SetUpdateStatus(string key, params object?[] args)
+    {
+        _updateStatusKey = key;
+        _updateStatusArgs = args;
+        RefreshUpdateText();
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshUpdateText()
+    {
+        UpdateStatusText.Text = Localization.Instance.Format(_updateStatusKey, _updateStatusArgs);
+        UpdateButton.Content = Localization.Instance.Get(
+            _availableUpdate is null ? "Updater.Check" : "Updater.DownloadRestart");
+    }
+
    // Environment variables set on this process at the previous launch; children
    // inherit the process environment, so stale names must be cleared explicitly.
    private readonly HashSet<string> _appliedEnvironmentVariables = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
@@ -727,7 +934,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        }

        var changed = false;
-        if (!_settings.GameFolders.Contains(path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        if (!_settings.GameFolders.Contains(path, FilePathComparer))
        {
            _settings.GameFolders.Add(path);
            changed = true;
@@ -737,7 +944,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        // games beneath it that were removed from the library earlier.
        var prefix = Path.TrimEndingDirectorySeparator(path) + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
        changed |= _settings.ExcludedGames.RemoveAll(excluded =>
-            excluded.StartsWith(prefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) > 0;
+            excluded.StartsWith(prefix, FilePathComparison)) > 0;

        if (changed)
        {
@@ -750,7 +957,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private async Task RescanLibraryAsync()
    {
        var folders = _settings.GameFolders.ToArray();
-        var excluded = new HashSet<string>(_settings.ExcludedGames, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        var excluded = new HashSet<string>(_settings.ExcludedGames, FilePathComparer);
        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Get("Status.ScanningLibrary");
        EmptyState.IsVisible = false;
        LoadingState.IsVisible = true;
@@ -868,7 +1075,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private static List<GameEntry> ScanFolders(IReadOnlyList<string> folders, IReadOnlySet<string> excludedPaths)
    {
        var games = new List<GameEntry>();
-        var seen = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        var seen = new HashSet<string>(FilePathComparer);
        var enumeration = new EnumerationOptions
        {
            IgnoreInaccessible = true,
@@ -1132,13 +1339,13 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
            return;
        }

-        if (!_settings.ExcludedGames.Contains(game.Path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        if (!_settings.ExcludedGames.Contains(game.Path, FilePathComparer))
        {
            _settings.ExcludedGames.Add(game.Path);
            _settings.Save();
        }

-        _allGames.RemoveAll(g => string.Equals(g.Path, game.Path, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        _allGames.RemoveAll(g => string.Equals(g.Path, game.Path, FilePathComparison));
        GameList.SelectedItem = null;
        RefreshVisibleGames();
        StatusBarRight.Text = Localization.Instance.Format("Status.RemovedFromLibrary", game.Name);
@@ -1162,7 +1369,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        }

        if (selectedPath is not null &&
-            _visibleGames.FirstOrDefault(g => g.Path.Equals(selectedPath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            _visibleGames.FirstOrDefault(g => g.Path.Equals(selectedPath, FilePathComparison))
                is { } reselected)
        {
            GameList.SelectedItem = reselected;
@@ -1487,7 +1694,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        _isRunning = true;
        _runningGameName = displayName;
        _runningGameTitleId = _allGames
-            .FirstOrDefault(game => game.Path.Equals(ebootPath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))?
+            .FirstOrDefault(game => game.Path.Equals(ebootPath, FilePathComparison))?
            .TitleId;
        _runningSinceUnixSeconds = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
        StatusDot.Fill = SuccessLineBrush;
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
       the executable is started without arguments. -->
  <PropertyGroup>
    <GenerateDocumentationFile>false</GenerateDocumentationFile>
-    <Version>0.0.1</Version>
    <!-- Required by the source-generated LibraryImport stubs in the linked
         controller readers below. -->
    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\SharpEmu.ico" Link="Assets/SharpEmu.ico" />
    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\github.png" Link="Assets/github.png" />
    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\discord.png" Link="Assets/discord.png" />
+    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\update-icon.png" Link="Assets/update-icon.png" />
+    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\commit-icon.png" Link="Assets/commit-icon.png" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Formats.Tar;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Net.Http.Headers;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
+
+/// <summary>Self-contained Windows updater; the emulator layers do not depend on it.</summary>
+public static class Updater
+{
+    private const string ApplyArgument = "--sharpemu-apply-update";
+    private const string LatestReleaseUrl = "https://api.github.com/repos/sharpemu/sharpemu/releases/latest";
+    private static readonly TimeSpan CheckTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
+    private static readonly HttpClient Http = CreateHttpClient();
+
+    public sealed record UpdateInfo(string Sha, string Name, string DownloadUrl, long Size);
+
+    public static async Task<UpdateInfo?> CheckAsync(string? currentSha, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        var platform = CurrentPlatform();
+        using var timeout = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken);
+        timeout.CancelAfter(CheckTimeout);
+
+        using var response = await Http.GetAsync(LatestReleaseUrl, timeout.Token);
+        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
+        return ParseRelease(
+            await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(timeout.Token),
+            currentSha,
+            platform.Rid,
+            platform.Extension);
+    }
+
+    public static async Task DownloadAndRestartAsync(
+        UpdateInfo update,
+        IProgress<int>? progress = null,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        var root = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "SharpEmu.Update");
+        var payload = Path.Combine(root, "payload");
+        if (Directory.Exists(root))
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(root, recursive: true);
+        }
+
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(root);
+        var archive = Path.Combine(root, update.Name);
+        using (var response = await Http.GetAsync(update.DownloadUrl, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead, cancellationToken))
+        {
+            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
+            await using var input = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(cancellationToken);
+            await using var output = File.Create(archive);
+            var buffer = new byte[81920];
+            long written = 0;
+            int read;
+            while ((read = await input.ReadAsync(buffer, cancellationToken)) > 0)
+            {
+                await output.WriteAsync(buffer.AsMemory(0, read), cancellationToken);
+                written += read;
+                progress?.Report(update.Size == 0 ? 0 : (int)(written * 100 / update.Size));
+            }
+
+            if (written != update.Size)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidDataException($"Downloaded {written} bytes; expected {update.Size}.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        var platform = CurrentPlatform();
+        var stagedExe = ExtractArchive(archive, payload, platform.Extension, platform.ExecutableName);
+
+        var start = new ProcessStartInfo(stagedExe)
+        {
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = payload,
+        };
+        start.ArgumentList.Add(ApplyArgument);
+        start.ArgumentList.Add(Environment.ProcessId.ToString());
+        start.ArgumentList.Add(AppContext.BaseDirectory);
+        using var helper = Process.Start(start)
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("The update installer could not be started.");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Runs from the downloaded executable after the old GUI exits.</summary>
+    public static bool TryApply(string[] args, out int exitCode)
+    {
+        exitCode = 0;
+        if (args.Length != 3 || args[0] != ApplyArgument)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (int.TryParse(args[1], out var oldPid))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    if (!Process.GetProcessById(oldPid).WaitForExit(30_000))
+                    {
+                        throw new TimeoutException("SharpEmu did not close within 30 seconds.");
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (ArgumentException)
+                {
+                    // The old process has already exited.
+                }
+            }
+
+            var source = AppContext.BaseDirectory;
+            var target = Path.GetFullPath(args[2]);
+            foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(source, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
+            {
+                var relative = Path.GetRelativePath(source, file);
+                if (relative.Equals("gui-settings.json", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                    relative.StartsWith("user" + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                    relative.StartsWith("logs" + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                    relative.StartsWith("Languages" + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var destination = Path.Combine(target, relative);
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(destination)!);
+                File.Copy(file, destination, overwrite: true);
+                if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+                {
+                    File.SetUnixFileMode(destination, File.GetUnixFileMode(file));
+                }
+            }
+
+            using var restarted = Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo(
+                Path.Combine(target, CurrentPlatform().ExecutableName))
+            {
+                UseShellExecute = false,
+                WorkingDirectory = target,
+            }) ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("The updated SharpEmu could not be started.");
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            exitCode = 1;
+            try
+            {
+                File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(args[2], "update-error.log"), ex.ToString());
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Best-effort diagnostics only.
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static UpdateInfo? ParseRelease(
+        string json,
+        string? currentSha,
+        string rid,
+        string extension)
+    {
+        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(json);
+        var candidates = new List<(DateTimeOffset Created, UpdateInfo Update)>();
+        foreach (var asset in document.RootElement.GetProperty("assets").EnumerateArray())
+        {
+            var name = asset.GetProperty("name").GetString() ?? "";
+            var marker = $"-{rid}-";
+            var markerIndex = name.LastIndexOf(marker, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            if (!name.EndsWith(extension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                markerIndex < 0)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var sha = name[(markerIndex + marker.Length)..^extension.Length];
+            if (sha.Length < 7 || !sha.All(Uri.IsHexDigit))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            candidates.Add((
+                asset.GetProperty("created_at").GetDateTimeOffset(),
+                new UpdateInfo(
+                    sha,
+                    name,
+                    asset.GetProperty("browser_download_url").GetString()!,
+                    asset.GetProperty("size").GetInt64())));
+        }
+
+        var latest = candidates.OrderByDescending(candidate => candidate.Created).FirstOrDefault().Update;
+        return latest is null || string.Equals(latest.Sha, currentSha, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? null
+            : latest;
+    }
+
+    private static string ExtractArchive(
+        string archive,
+        string payload,
+        string extension,
+        string executableName)
+    {
+        if (extension == ".zip")
+        {
+            ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(archive, payload);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(payload);
+            using var compressed = File.OpenRead(archive);
+            using var gzip = new GZipStream(compressed, CompressionMode.Decompress);
+            TarFile.ExtractToDirectory(gzip, payload, overwriteFiles: false);
+        }
+
+        var executable = Path.Combine(payload, executableName);
+        if (!File.Exists(executable))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException($"The update archive does not contain {executableName}.");
+        }
+
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            File.SetUnixFileMode(executable, File.GetUnixFileMode(executable) | UnixFileMode.UserExecute);
+        }
+
+        return executable;
+    }
+
+    private static HttpClient CreateHttpClient()
+    {
+        var client = new HttpClient { Timeout = Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan };
+        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.Add(new ProductInfoHeaderValue("SharpEmu", "0.0.1"));
+        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/vnd.github+json"));
+        return client;
+    }
+
+    private static PlatformInfo CurrentPlatform()
+    {
+        if (RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture != Architecture.X64)
+        {
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("SharpEmu releases require an x64 process.");
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows()) return new("win-x64", ".zip", "SharpEmu.exe");
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux()) return new("linux-x64", ".tar.gz", "SharpEmu");
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()) return new("osx-x64", ".tar.gz", "SharpEmu");
+        throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    private sealed record PlatformInfo(string Rid, string Extension, string ExecutableName);
+}
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 2,
-  "dependencies": {
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-        "dependencies": {
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-          "Avalonia.Remote.Protocol": "11.3.18",
-          "MicroCom.Runtime": "0.11.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Desktop": {
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-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "bilMPa5vYiis6fbNovb6esKytBnOCEGojBa1XFegLCRHCP6g6PvZwS0XF/YOAGkENRlHG8dI7lohOpQ9bIkq1g==",
-        "dependencies": {
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-          "Avalonia.Native": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.Skia": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.Win32": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.X11": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Fonts.Inter": {
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-        "dependencies": {
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-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Themes.Fluent": {
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-          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "kt06RccBHSnAs2wDYdBSfsjIDbY3EpsOVqnlDgKdgvyuRA8ZFDaHRdWNx1VHjGgYzmnFCGiTJBnXFl5BqGwGnA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
-      },
-      "sharpemu.logging": {
-        "type": "Project"
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@ public sealed class CpuContext(ICpuMemory memory, Generation generation)

    public ulong GsBase { get; set; }

+    /// <summary>x87 control word observed at the current guest boundary.</summary>
+    public ushort FpuControlWord { get; set; } = 0x037F;
+
+    /// <summary>MXCSR observed at the current guest boundary.</summary>
+    public uint Mxcsr { get; set; } = 0x1F80;
+
    public ulong this[CpuRegister register]
    {
        get => _registers[(int)register];
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Marks a string parameter of a [SysAbiExport] handler as a guest null-terminated
+/// UTF-8 pointer. The generated thunk reads the string from the argument register's
+/// address (bounded by <see cref="MaxLength"/>) before invoking the handler, and
+/// returns ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT to the guest when the read fails — including
+/// a null pointer, matching TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8's contract.
+/// </summary>
+[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter, Inherited = false, AllowMultiple = false)]
+public sealed class GuestCStringAttribute : Attribute
+{
+    public GuestCStringAttribute(int maxLength) => MaxLength = maxLength;
+
+    /// <summary>Upper bound in bytes for the guest read, terminator included.</summary>
+    public int MaxLength { get; }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Detects guest CPU writes into memory that backs a host GPU image. On PS5
+/// render targets alias unified memory, so games freely mix CPU writes and GPU
+/// draws on the same surface (Chowdren titles memset their fog layers every
+/// frame). Host GPU images are separate storage, so the video backend needs to
+/// know when the guest CPU rewrote a surface to re-upload it. Ranges are
+/// write-protected; the first write faults, the fault handler restores write
+/// access and marks the range dirty, and the video backend consumes the dirty
+/// flag once per flip and re-arms protection after re-uploading.
+/// </summary>
+public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
+{
+    private const int ProtRead = 0x1;
+    private const int ProtWrite = 0x2;
+    private const int ClockMonotonicRaw = 4;
+
+    private sealed class TrackedRange
+    {
+        public ulong Address;
+        public ulong ByteCount;
+        public ulong Start;
+        public ulong End;
+        public int Dirty;
+        public int Armed;
+        public int FirstCpuWriteSeen;
+        public int PendingFirstCpuWrite;
+        public bool TraceLifetime;
+        public long SourceSequence;
+        public long FirstCpuWriteTraceSequence;
+        public long FirstCpuWriteTimestampNanoseconds;
+        public ulong FirstCpuWriteAddress;
+        public ulong FirstCpuWritePage;
+        public string Source = "unspecified";
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    private struct Timespec
+    {
+        public long Seconds;
+        public long Nanoseconds;
+    }
+
+    private static readonly object _gate = new();
+    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, TrackedRange> _rangesByAddress = new();
+
+    // Snapshot array read lock-free from the signal handler; rebuilt on every
+    // mutation under the gate. Signal handlers must not take managed locks.
+    private static TrackedRange[] _rangeSnapshot = [];
+
+    private static readonly bool _enabled = !OperatingSystem.IsWindows() &&
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_GUEST_IMAGE_CPU_SYNC") != "0";
+    private static readonly (bool Wildcard, ulong[] Addresses) _lifetimeTraceFilter =
+        ParseAddressList(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_TRACE_GUEST_IMAGE_ADDRS"));
+    private static readonly (bool Wildcard, string[] Sources) _lifetimeSourceTraceFilter =
+        ParseSourceList(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_TRACE_GUEST_MEMORY_LIFETIME"));
+    private static readonly bool _lifetimeTraceEnabled =
+        _lifetimeTraceFilter.Wildcard ||
+        _lifetimeTraceFilter.Addresses.Length != 0 ||
+        _lifetimeSourceTraceFilter.Wildcard ||
+        _lifetimeSourceTraceFilter.Sources.Length != 0;
+    private static readonly long _lifetimeTraceEpochNanoseconds =
+        _enabled && _lifetimeTraceEnabled ? GetMonotonicNanoseconds() : 0;
+    private static long _lifetimeTraceSequence;
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "mprotect", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int Mprotect(nint address, nuint length, int protection);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "clock_gettime", SetLastError = false)]
+    private static extern int ClockGetTime(int clockId, Timespec* time);
+
+    public static bool Enabled => _enabled;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Exercises the fault-handling path once outside signal context so every
+    /// branch is JIT-compiled (and, under Rosetta 2, translated) before a real
+    /// fault arrives — a cold signal path is silently never entered there.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void WarmUp()
+    {
+        if (!_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var scratch = NativeMemory.AllocZeroed(4096);
+        try
+        {
+            // Warm the timestamp P/Invoke used by the signal-safe scalar
+            // capture path before a real protected-page write reaches it.
+            _ = GetMonotonicNanoseconds();
+            var address = (ulong)scratch;
+            Track(address, 4096);
+            _ = TryHandleWriteFault(address);
+            _ = ConsumeDirty(address);
+            Untrack(address);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            NativeMemory.Free(scratch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Registers a range and arms write protection on it.</summary>
+    public static void Track(
+        ulong address,
+        ulong byteCount,
+        long sourceSequence = 0,
+        string source = "unspecified")
+    {
+        if (!_enabled || address == 0 || byteCount == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var (start, length) = PageAlign(address, byteCount);
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _rangesByAddress.TryGetValue(address, out var range);
+            if (range is not null &&
+                (range.Start != start ||
+                 range.End != start + length ||
+                 range.ByteCount != byteCount))
+            {
+                // Never resize an object that is still reachable from the
+                // signal handler's lock-free snapshot. Retire it and publish
+                // a fresh immutable range.
+                DisarmLocked(range, "replace-range");
+                _rangesByAddress.Remove(address);
+                range = null;
+            }
+
+            if (range is null)
+            {
+                range = new TrackedRange
+                {
+                    Address = address,
+                    ByteCount = byteCount,
+                    Start = start,
+                    End = start + length,
+                    TraceLifetime =
+                        ShouldTraceRange(start, start + length) || ShouldTraceSource(source),
+                    SourceSequence = sourceSequence,
+                    Source = source,
+                };
+                _rangesByAddress[address] = range;
+                RebuildSnapshotLocked();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                FlushPendingFirstCpuWrite(range);
+            }
+
+            range.SourceSequence = sourceSequence;
+            range.Source = source;
+            range.TraceLifetime =
+                ShouldTraceRange(range.Start, range.End) || ShouldTraceSource(source);
+            ArmLocked(range, "arm");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void Untrack(ulong address)
+    {
+        if (!_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_rangesByAddress.TryGetValue(address, out var range))
+            {
+                DisarmLocked(range, "untrack");
+                _rangesByAddress.Remove(address);
+                RebuildSnapshotLocked();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns true when the guest CPU wrote the range since the last call,
+    /// clearing the flag. The caller re-arms via <see cref="Rearm"/> after it
+    /// finished reading the guest bytes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool ConsumeDirty(ulong address)
+    {
+        if (!_enabled)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (!_rangesByAddress.TryGetValue(address, out var range))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            FlushPendingFirstCpuWrite(range);
+            return Interlocked.Exchange(ref range.Dirty, 0) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Non-consuming variant of <see cref="ConsumeDirty"/>: reports whether
+    /// the range has been written since it was last re-armed, leaving the
+    /// flag for the owner that evicts and re-uploads.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool PeekDirty(ulong address)
+    {
+        if (!_enabled)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (!_rangesByAddress.TryGetValue(address, out var range))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            FlushPendingFirstCpuWrite(range);
+            return Volatile.Read(ref range.Dirty) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void Rearm(ulong address)
+    {
+        if (!_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_rangesByAddress.TryGetValue(address, out var range))
+            {
+                ArmLocked(range, "rearm");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Prepares pages touched by a managed HLE memory write. Native guest
+    /// stores fault and enter <see cref="TryHandleWriteFault"/> through the
+    /// POSIX signal bridge, but a managed Buffer.MemoryCopy into a protected
+    /// page is surfaced by the runtime as a fatal AccessViolation instead of
+    /// a resumable guest fault. Visit every page in the write span up front so
+    /// all overlapping texture owners are dirtied and made writable.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void NotifyManagedWrite(ulong address, ulong byteCount)
+    {
+        if (!_enabled || address == 0 || byteCount == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var end = address > ulong.MaxValue - byteCount
+            ? ulong.MaxValue
+            : address + byteCount;
+        var candidate = address;
+        while (candidate < end)
+        {
+            _ = TryHandleWriteFault(candidate);
+            var nextPage = (candidate & ~0xFFFUL) + 0x1000UL;
+            if (nextPage <= candidate)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            candidate = nextPage;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Flushes scalar first-write records captured by the POSIX signal handler.
+    /// Call only from ordinary managed execution, never from signal context.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void FlushPendingDiagnostics()
+    {
+        if (!_enabled || !_lifetimeTraceEnabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            foreach (var range in _rangesByAddress.Values)
+            {
+                FlushPendingFirstCpuWrite(range);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Signal-handler entry: if the fault address lies in a tracked, armed
+    /// range, restore write access, mark the range dirty, and return true so
+    /// the faulting write can be retried. Must not allocate or lock.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool TryHandleWriteFault(ulong faultAddress)
+    {
+        if (!_enabled || faultAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var ranges = Volatile.Read(ref _rangeSnapshot);
+        var writableStart = ulong.MaxValue;
+        var writableEnd = 0UL;
+        for (var index = 0; index < ranges.Length; index++)
+        {
+            var range = ranges[index];
+            if (faultAddress < range.Start || faultAddress >= range.End)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            writableStart = Math.Min(writableStart, range.Start);
+            writableEnd = Math.Max(writableEnd, range.End);
+        }
+
+        if (writableStart == ulong.MaxValue)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Ranges are page-aligned and may overlap (font atlases and other
+        // suballocations commonly share pages). Unprotecting one range also
+        // makes every overlapping tracked page writable. Expand to the full
+        // transitive overlap and dirty/disarm every owner, otherwise only the
+        // first dictionary entry observes the write and the others retain a
+        // stale cached texture indefinitely.
+        var expanded = true;
+        while (expanded)
+        {
+            expanded = false;
+            for (var index = 0; index < ranges.Length; index++)
+            {
+                var range = ranges[index];
+                if (range.Start >= writableEnd || range.End <= writableStart)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var start = Math.Min(writableStart, range.Start);
+                var end = Math.Max(writableEnd, range.End);
+                if (start != writableStart || end != writableEnd)
+                {
+                    writableStart = start;
+                    writableEnd = end;
+                    expanded = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var needsUnprotect = false;
+        for (var index = 0; index < ranges.Length; index++)
+        {
+            var range = ranges[index];
+            if (range.Start < writableEnd && range.End > writableStart &&
+                Volatile.Read(ref range.Armed) != 0)
+            {
+                needsUnprotect = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (needsUnprotect &&
+            Mprotect(
+                (nint)writableStart,
+                (nuint)(writableEnd - writableStart),
+                ProtRead | ProtWrite) != 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (var index = 0; index < ranges.Length; index++)
+        {
+            var range = ranges[index];
+            if (range.Start >= writableEnd || range.End <= writableStart)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var wasArmed = Interlocked.Exchange(ref range.Armed, 0) != 0;
+            if (wasArmed &&
+                range.TraceLifetime &&
+                Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref range.FirstCpuWriteSeen, 1, 0) == 0)
+            {
+                // Signal context: capture preallocated scalar fields only.
+                // Formatting and I/O are deferred to a locked safe path.
+                range.FirstCpuWriteTraceSequence =
+                    Interlocked.Increment(ref _lifetimeTraceSequence);
+                range.FirstCpuWriteTimestampNanoseconds = GetMonotonicNanoseconds();
+                range.FirstCpuWriteAddress = faultAddress;
+                range.FirstCpuWritePage = faultAddress & ~0xFFFUL;
+                Volatile.Write(ref range.PendingFirstCpuWrite, 1);
+                Volatile.Write(ref range.FirstCpuWriteSeen, 2);
+            }
+
+            Volatile.Write(ref range.Dirty, 1);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static void ArmLocked(TrackedRange range, string operation)
+    {
+        FlushPendingFirstCpuWrite(range);
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref range.Armed, 1) == 1)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // A new publication/rearm starts a new first-write lifetime.
+        Volatile.Write(ref range.FirstCpuWriteSeen, 0);
+        var failed = Mprotect(
+            (nint)range.Start,
+            (nuint)(range.End - range.Start),
+            ProtRead) != 0;
+        if (failed)
+        {
+            Volatile.Write(ref range.Armed, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (range.TraceLifetime)
+        {
+            TraceLifetime(
+                range,
+                failed ? $"{operation}-failed-errno-{Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}" : operation);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void DisarmLocked(TrackedRange range, string operation)
+    {
+        FlushPendingFirstCpuWrite(range);
+        var wasArmed = Interlocked.Exchange(ref range.Armed, 0) == 1;
+        if (wasArmed)
+        {
+            _ = Mprotect(
+                (nint)range.Start,
+                (nuint)(range.End - range.Start),
+                ProtRead | ProtWrite);
+        }
+
+        if (range.TraceLifetime)
+        {
+            TraceLifetime(range, wasArmed ? operation : $"{operation}-already-disarmed");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void RebuildSnapshotLocked()
+    {
+        _rangeSnapshot = _rangesByAddress.Values.ToArray();
+    }
+
+    private static (ulong Start, ulong Length) PageAlign(ulong address, ulong byteCount)
+    {
+        const ulong pageMask = 0xFFFUL;
+        var start = address & ~pageMask;
+        var end = (address + byteCount + pageMask) & ~pageMask;
+        return (start, end - start);
+    }
+
+    private static bool ShouldTraceRange(ulong start, ulong end)
+    {
+        if (_lifetimeTraceFilter.Wildcard)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var addresses = _lifetimeTraceFilter.Addresses;
+        for (var index = 0; index < addresses.Length; index++)
+        {
+            if (addresses[index] >= start && addresses[index] < end)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static (bool Wildcard, ulong[] Addresses) ParseAddressList(string? addresses)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(addresses))
+        {
+            return (false, []);
+        }
+
+        var parsedAddresses = new List<ulong>();
+        foreach (var token in addresses.Split(
+                     [',', ';', ' ', '\t'],
+                     StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries))
+        {
+            if (token == "*")
+            {
+                return (true, []);
+            }
+
+            var span = token.AsSpan();
+            if (span.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                span = span[2..];
+            }
+
+            if (ulong.TryParse(span, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var parsed))
+            {
+                parsedAddresses.Add(parsed);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (false, parsedAddresses.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    private static bool ShouldTraceSource(string source)
+    {
+        if (_lifetimeSourceTraceFilter.Wildcard)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return Array.IndexOf(_lifetimeSourceTraceFilter.Sources, source) >= 0;
+    }
+
+    private static (bool Wildcard, string[] Sources) ParseSourceList(string? sources)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sources))
+        {
+            return (false, []);
+        }
+
+        var parsedSources = new List<string>();
+        foreach (var token in sources.Split(
+                     [',', ';'],
+                     StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries))
+        {
+            if (token == "*")
+            {
+                return (true, []);
+            }
+
+            parsedSources.Add(token);
+        }
+
+        return (false, parsedSources.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    private static void FlushPendingFirstCpuWrite(TrackedRange range)
+    {
+        var spin = new SpinWait();
+        while (Volatile.Read(ref range.FirstCpuWriteSeen) == 1)
+        {
+            spin.SpinOnce();
+        }
+
+        if (!range.TraceLifetime || Interlocked.Exchange(ref range.PendingFirstCpuWrite, 0) == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        TraceLifetime(
+            range,
+            "first-cpu-write-disarm",
+            range.FirstCpuWriteAddress,
+            range.FirstCpuWritePage,
+            range.FirstCpuWriteTraceSequence,
+            range.FirstCpuWriteTimestampNanoseconds);
+    }
+
+    private static void TraceLifetime(
+        TrackedRange range,
+        string operation,
+        ulong faultAddress = 0,
+        ulong faultPage = 0,
+        long traceSequence = 0,
+        long timestampNanoseconds = 0)
+    {
+        if (traceSequence == 0)
+        {
+            traceSequence = Interlocked.Increment(ref _lifetimeTraceSequence);
+        }
+
+        if (timestampNanoseconds == 0)
+        {
+            timestampNanoseconds = GetMonotonicNanoseconds();
+        }
+
+        var elapsedMilliseconds =
+            (timestampNanoseconds - _lifetimeTraceEpochNanoseconds) / 1_000_000.0;
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[WT][LIFETIME] seq={traceSequence} t_ms={elapsedMilliseconds:F3} " +
+            $"event={operation} source_seq={range.SourceSequence} source='{range.Source}' " +
+            $"requested=0x{range.Address:X16}+0x{range.ByteCount:X} " +
+            $"range=0x{range.Start:X16}..0x{range.End:X16} " +
+            $"fault=0x{faultAddress:X16} page=0x{faultPage:X16}");
+    }
+
+    private static long GetMonotonicNanoseconds()
+    {
+        Timespec time;
+        return ClockGetTime(ClockMonotonicRaw, &time) == 0
+            ? unchecked((time.Seconds * 1_000_000_000L) + time.Nanoseconds)
+            : 0;
+    }
+}
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ public interface IGuestThreadScheduler
 {
    bool SupportsGuestContextTransfer { get; }

+    /// <summary>
+    /// Associates a pthread identity created on the primary guest executor
+    /// with its live CPU context. Primary execution does not pass through
+    /// TryStartThread, but kernel exception delivery must still be able to
+    /// target it.
+    /// </summary>
+    void RegisterGuestThreadContext(ulong threadHandle, CpuContext context);
+
    bool TryStartThread(CpuContext creatorContext, GuestThreadStartRequest request, out string? error);

    bool TryJoinThread(
@@ -53,6 +61,19 @@ public interface IGuestThreadScheduler

    int WakeBlockedThreads(string wakeKey, int maxCount = int.MaxValue);

+    /// <summary>
+    /// Applies a new guest scheduling priority to a live thread, mapping it
+    /// onto the host thread if one is running. Returns false when the thread
+    /// handle is unknown.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool TrySetGuestThreadPriority(ulong guestThreadHandle, int guestPriority);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Records a new affinity mask for a guest thread and re-applies it to
+    /// the host thread where the platform supports it.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool TrySetGuestThreadAffinity(ulong guestThreadHandle, ulong affinityMask);
+
    IReadOnlyList<GuestThreadSnapshot> SnapshotThreads();

    bool TryCallGuestFunction(
@@ -65,11 +86,36 @@ public interface IGuestThreadScheduler
        string reason,
        out string? error);

+    bool TryCallGuestFunction(
+        CpuContext callerContext,
+        ulong entryPoint,
+        ulong arg0,
+        ulong arg1,
+        ulong arg2,
+        ulong stackAddress,
+        ulong stackSize,
+        string reason,
+        out ulong returnValue,
+        out string? error);
+
    bool TryCallGuestContinuation(
        CpuContext callerContext,
        GuestCpuContinuation continuation,
        string reason,
        out string? error);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Asynchronously invokes an installed kernel exception handler as the
+    /// target guest thread. This is used by IL2CPP's stop-the-world collector:
+    /// the handler acknowledges suspension and may remain blocked until the
+    /// collecting thread resumes it.
+    /// </summary>
+    bool TryRaiseGuestException(
+        CpuContext callerContext,
+        ulong threadHandle,
+        ulong handler,
+        int exceptionType,
+        out string? error);
 }

 public readonly record struct GuestImportCallFrame(
@@ -94,13 +140,34 @@ public readonly record struct GuestCpuContinuation(
    ulong Rdi,
    ulong R8,
    ulong R9,
+    ulong R10,
+    ulong R11,
    ulong R12,
    ulong R13,
    ulong R14,
-    ulong R15);
+    ulong R15,
+    ushort FpuControlWord,
+    uint Mxcsr,
+    bool RestoreFullFpuState);

 public static class GuestThreadExecution
 {
+    private sealed class DelegateGuestThreadBlockWaiter : IGuestThreadBlockWaiter
+    {
+        private readonly Func<int> _resume;
+        private readonly Func<bool> _tryWake;
+
+        public DelegateGuestThreadBlockWaiter(Func<int> resume, Func<bool> tryWake)
+        {
+            _resume = resume;
+            _tryWake = tryWake;
+        }
+
+        public int Resume() => _resume();
+
+        public bool TryWake() => _tryWake();
+    }
+
    [ThreadStatic]
    private static ulong _currentGuestThreadHandle;

@@ -246,6 +313,23 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
        return true;
    }

+    // Compatibility bridge for exports that still describe blocked work as a
+    // resume/wake delegate pair. New hot paths should provide an
+    // IGuestThreadBlockWaiter directly to avoid allocating closures.
+    public static bool RequestCurrentThreadBlock(
+        CpuContext? context,
+        string reason,
+        string? wakeKey,
+        Func<int> resumeHandler,
+        Func<bool> wakeHandler,
+        long blockDeadlineTimestamp = 0) =>
+        RequestCurrentThreadBlock(
+            context,
+            reason,
+            wakeKey,
+            new DelegateGuestThreadBlockWaiter(resumeHandler, wakeHandler),
+            blockDeadlineTimestamp);
+
    public static bool TryConsumeCurrentThreadBlock(out string reason)
    {
        return TryConsumeCurrentThreadBlock(out reason, out _, out _);
@@ -314,6 +398,27 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
        return true;
    }

+    public static bool TryConsumeCurrentThreadBlock(
+        out string reason,
+        out GuestCpuContinuation continuation,
+        out bool hasContinuation,
+        out string wakeKey,
+        out Func<int>? resumeHandler,
+        out Func<bool>? wakeHandler,
+        out long blockDeadlineTimestamp)
+    {
+        var consumed = TryConsumeCurrentThreadBlock(
+            out reason,
+            out continuation,
+            out hasContinuation,
+            out wakeKey,
+            out var waiter,
+            out blockDeadlineTimestamp);
+        resumeHandler = waiter is null ? null : waiter.Resume;
+        wakeHandler = waiter is null ? null : waiter.TryWake;
+        return consumed;
+    }
+
    public static long ComputeDeadlineTimestamp(TimeSpan timeout)
    {
        if (timeout <= TimeSpan.Zero)
@@ -360,10 +465,15 @@ public static class GuestThreadExecution
            context[CpuRegister.Rdi],
            context[CpuRegister.R8],
            context[CpuRegister.R9],
+            context[CpuRegister.R10],
+            context[CpuRegister.R11],
            context[CpuRegister.R12],
            context[CpuRegister.R13],
            context[CpuRegister.R14],
-            context[CpuRegister.R15]);
+            context[CpuRegister.R15],
+            context.FpuControlWord,
+            context.Mxcsr,
+            RestoreFullFpuState: false);
        return true;
    }

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Process-wide registry of ELF PT_TLS templates and per-thread dynamic thread
+/// vectors. AMD64 uses TLS Variant II: startup/static module blocks precede the
+/// thread pointer, while modules introduced after a thread was initialized are
+/// represented by separately allocated DTV entries.
+/// </summary>
+public static class GuestTlsTemplate
+{
+    // Must match CpuDispatcher/DirectExecutionBackend's mapped prefix. PS5
+    // modules can require more than one host page of Variant II static TLS;
+    // Dreaming Sarah's startup image, for example, reaches 0x1870 bytes.
+    public const ulong StartupStaticTlsReservation = 0x10000UL;
+    private static readonly object _gate = new();
+    private static readonly SortedDictionary<ulong, ModuleTemplate> _modules = new();
+    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, ThreadDtv> _threadDtvs = new();
+    private static ulong _staticTlsSize;
+    private static ulong _maximumAlignment = 1;
+    private static ulong _generation;
+
+    static GuestTlsTemplate()
+    {
+        RunTlsLayoutSelfChecks();
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ModuleTemplate
+    {
+        public required ulong ModuleId { get; init; }
+        public required byte[] InitImage { get; init; }
+        public required ulong MemorySize { get; init; }
+        public required ulong Alignment { get; init; }
+        public required ulong AlignmentBias { get; init; }
+        public required ulong StaticOffset { get; init; }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ThreadDtv
+    {
+        public ulong Generation { get; set; }
+        public Dictionary<ulong, DtvEntry> Entries { get; } = new();
+        public nint DtvAllocationBase { get; set; }
+        public ulong DtvAddress { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class DtvEntry
+    {
+        public required ulong Address { get; init; }
+        public nint AllocationBase { get; init; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Main executable's initialized PT_TLS bytes.</summary>
+    public static byte[] InitImage
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _modules.TryGetValue(1, out var module)
+                    ? (byte[])module.InitImage.Clone()
+                    : [];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Aligned size of the main executable's static TLS block.</summary>
+    public static ulong BlockSize
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _modules.TryGetValue(1, out var module)
+                    ? module.StaticOffset
+                    : 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Main executable's PT_TLS alignment.</summary>
+    public static ulong Alignment
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _modules.TryGetValue(1, out var module)
+                    ? module.Alignment
+                    : 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Total Variant II static TLS span required below the TCB.</summary>
+    public static ulong StaticTlsSize
+    {
+        get { lock (_gate) { return _staticTlsSize; } }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Largest PT_TLS alignment required by the registered modules.</summary>
+    public static ulong MaximumAlignment
+    {
+        get { lock (_gate) { return _maximumAlignment; } }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Current DTV generation, incremented for every registered module.</summary>
+    public static ulong Generation
+    {
+        get { lock (_gate) { return _generation; } }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Backwards-compatible main-module registration entry point.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void Set(ReadOnlySpan<byte> initImage, ulong memorySize, ulong alignment)
+    {
+        Reset();
+        RegisterModule(1, initImage, memorySize, alignment, alignmentBias: 0);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Registers one module's PT_TLS template and allocates its Variant II
+    /// static offset. Modules must be registered in loader module-ID order.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static ulong RegisterModule(
+        ulong moduleId,
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> initImage,
+        ulong memorySize,
+        ulong alignment,
+        ulong alignmentBias = 0)
+    {
+        if (moduleId == 0)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(moduleId));
+        }
+
+        var normalizedAlignment = alignment == 0 ? 1 : alignment;
+        if ((normalizedAlignment & (normalizedAlignment - 1)) != 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException($"PT_TLS alignment 0x{alignment:X} is not a power of two.");
+        }
+        if (memorySize > int.MaxValue || (ulong)initImage.Length > memorySize)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("PT_TLS template size is invalid or exceeds the supported process limit.");
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_modules.TryGetValue(moduleId, out var existing))
+            {
+                if (existing.MemorySize != memorySize ||
+                    existing.Alignment != normalizedAlignment ||
+                    existing.AlignmentBias != alignmentBias ||
+                    !existing.InitImage.AsSpan().SequenceEqual(initImage))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"TLS module {moduleId} was registered with a different template.");
+                }
+
+                return existing.StaticOffset;
+            }
+
+            // FreeBSD/AMD64 Variant II: choose the smallest offset satisfying
+            // offset - previous >= size and (-offset) % align == p_vaddr % align.
+            var staticOffset = CalculateStaticOffset(
+                _staticTlsSize,
+                memorySize,
+                normalizedAlignment,
+                alignmentBias);
+            if (staticOffset > StartupStaticTlsReservation)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Static TLS requires 0x{staticOffset:X} bytes, but startup maps only " +
+                    $"0x{StartupStaticTlsReservation:X} bytes below the thread pointer.");
+            }
+            _modules.Add(moduleId, new ModuleTemplate
+            {
+                ModuleId = moduleId,
+                InitImage = initImage.ToArray(),
+                MemorySize = memorySize,
+                Alignment = normalizedAlignment,
+                AlignmentBias = alignmentBias,
+                StaticOffset = staticOffset,
+            });
+            _staticTlsSize = staticOffset;
+            _maximumAlignment = Math.Max(_maximumAlignment, normalizedAlignment);
+            _generation++;
+            return staticOffset;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Returns the static TP-relative block offset for a module.</summary>
+    public static bool TryGetStaticOffset(ulong moduleId, out ulong staticOffset)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_modules.TryGetValue(moduleId, out var module))
+            {
+                staticOffset = module.StaticOffset;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        staticOffset = 0;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Clears all module templates and frees dynamic DTV blocks.</summary>
+    public static void Reset()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            foreach (var dtv in _threadDtvs.Values)
+            {
+                FreeDynamicEntries(dtv);
+            }
+
+            _threadDtvs.Clear();
+            _modules.Clear();
+            _staticTlsSize = 0;
+            _maximumAlignment = 1;
+            _generation++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes every currently registered startup TLS block for a thread
+    /// and records their addresses in that thread's DTV.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void SeedThreadBlock(CpuContext context, ulong threadPointer)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        if (threadPointer == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_threadDtvs.Remove(threadPointer, out var oldDtv))
+            {
+                FreeDynamicEntries(oldDtv);
+            }
+
+            var dtv = new ThreadDtv();
+            _threadDtvs.Add(threadPointer, dtv);
+            foreach (var module in _modules.Values)
+            {
+                dtv.Entries[module.ModuleId] = CreateStaticOrDynamicEntry(context, threadPointer, module);
+            }
+            RebuildGuestDtv(context, threadPointer, dtv);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the DTV lookup used by <c>__tls_get_addr</c>. Unknown module
+    /// IDs and offsets outside the module's TLS image are rejected with zero.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static ulong ResolveAddress(CpuContext context, ulong moduleId, ulong offset)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        if (context.FsBase == 0 || moduleId == 0)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (!_modules.TryGetValue(moduleId, out var module) || offset >= module.MemorySize)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            if (!_threadDtvs.TryGetValue(context.FsBase, out var dtv))
+            {
+                dtv = new ThreadDtv();
+                _threadDtvs.Add(context.FsBase, dtv);
+                foreach (var startupModule in _modules.Values)
+                {
+                    dtv.Entries[startupModule.ModuleId] = CreateStaticOrDynamicEntry(context, context.FsBase, startupModule);
+                }
+                RebuildGuestDtv(context, context.FsBase, dtv);
+            }
+
+            var entryAdded = false;
+            if (!dtv.Entries.TryGetValue(moduleId, out var entry))
+            {
+                // This module appeared after the thread's startup TLS layout was
+                // seeded. Model rtld's lazy DTV allocation instead of assuming
+                // unused space exists below the already-live thread pointer.
+                entry = CreateDynamicEntry(module);
+                dtv.Entries.Add(moduleId, entry);
+                entryAdded = true;
+            }
+
+            if (entryAdded || dtv.Generation != _generation)
+            {
+                RebuildGuestDtv(context, context.FsBase, dtv);
+            }
+
+            return checked(entry.Address + offset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static DtvEntry CreateStaticOrDynamicEntry(
+        CpuContext context,
+        ulong threadPointer,
+        ModuleTemplate module)
+    {
+        if (threadPointer >= module.StaticOffset)
+        {
+            var address = threadPointer - module.StaticOffset;
+            var zeroImage = module.MemorySize == 0 ? [] : new byte[(int)module.MemorySize];
+            if ((zeroImage.Length == 0 || context.Memory.TryWrite(address, zeroImage)) &&
+                (module.InitImage.Length == 0 || context.Memory.TryWrite(address, module.InitImage)))
+            {
+                return new DtvEntry { Address = address };
+            }
+        }
+
+        return CreateDynamicEntry(module);
+    }
+
+    private static DtvEntry CreateDynamicEntry(ModuleTemplate module)
+    {
+        var size = Math.Max(1UL, module.MemorySize);
+        var allocationSize = checked(size + module.Alignment - 1);
+        if (allocationSize > int.MaxValue)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("TLS module allocation exceeds the supported host allocation size.");
+        }
+
+        var allocationBase = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)allocationSize);
+        var alignedAddress = AlignUp(unchecked((ulong)allocationBase), module.Alignment);
+        Marshal.Copy(new byte[(int)size], 0, unchecked((nint)alignedAddress), (int)size);
+        if (module.InitImage.Length != 0)
+        {
+            Marshal.Copy(module.InitImage, 0, unchecked((nint)alignedAddress), module.InitImage.Length);
+        }
+
+        return new DtvEntry
+        {
+            Address = alignedAddress,
+            AllocationBase = allocationBase,
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static void FreeDynamicEntries(ThreadDtv dtv)
+    {
+        foreach (var entry in dtv.Entries.Values)
+        {
+            if (entry.AllocationBase != 0)
+            {
+                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(entry.AllocationBase);
+            }
+        }
+        if (dtv.DtvAllocationBase != 0)
+        {
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(dtv.DtvAllocationBase);
+            dtv.DtvAllocationBase = 0;
+            dtv.DtvAddress = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void RebuildGuestDtv(CpuContext context, ulong threadPointer, ThreadDtv dtv)
+    {
+        var maximumModuleId = _modules.Count == 0 ? 0UL : _modules.Keys.Max();
+        var byteSize = checked(2UL * sizeof(ulong) + maximumModuleId * sizeof(ulong));
+        if (byteSize > int.MaxValue)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("Guest DTV exceeds the supported host allocation size.");
+        }
+
+        var newAllocation = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)Math.Max((ulong)sizeof(ulong) * 2, byteSize));
+        var newAddress = unchecked((ulong)newAllocation);
+        Marshal.Copy(new byte[(int)Math.Max((ulong)sizeof(ulong) * 2, byteSize)], 0, newAllocation, (int)Math.Max((ulong)sizeof(ulong) * 2, byteSize));
+        Marshal.WriteInt64(newAllocation, 0, unchecked((long)_generation));
+        Marshal.WriteInt64(newAllocation, sizeof(ulong), unchecked((long)maximumModuleId));
+        foreach (var (moduleId, entry) in dtv.Entries)
+        {
+            var slotOffset = checked((int)(2UL * sizeof(ulong) + (moduleId - 1) * sizeof(ulong)));
+            Marshal.WriteInt64(newAllocation, slotOffset, unchecked((long)entry.Address));
+        }
+
+        if (!context.TryWriteUInt64(threadPointer + sizeof(ulong), newAddress))
+        {
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(newAllocation);
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to install the guest DTV pointer in the thread control block.");
+        }
+
+        if (dtv.DtvAllocationBase != 0)
+        {
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(dtv.DtvAllocationBase);
+        }
+        dtv.DtvAllocationBase = newAllocation;
+        dtv.DtvAddress = newAddress;
+        dtv.Generation = _generation;
+    }
+
+    private static ulong AlignUp(ulong value, ulong alignment)
+    {
+        var mask = alignment - 1;
+        return checked((value + mask) & ~mask);
+    }
+
+    private static ulong CalculateStaticOffset(
+        ulong previousOffset,
+        ulong size,
+        ulong alignment,
+        ulong alignmentBias)
+    {
+        var result = checked(previousOffset + size + alignment - 1);
+        return result - ((result + alignmentBias) & (alignment - 1));
+    }
+
+    [Conditional("DEBUG")]
+    private static void RunTlsLayoutSelfChecks()
+    {
+        var firstOffset = RegisterModule(1, [0x11, 0x22], 0x20, 0x10, 0);
+        var secondOffset = RegisterModule(2, [0x7A], 0x18, 0x20, 8);
+        Debug.Assert(firstOffset == 0x20, "First Variant II TLS offset is incorrect.");
+        Debug.Assert(secondOffset >= firstOffset + 0x18, "TLS modules overlap in the static layout.");
+        Debug.Assert((unchecked(0UL - secondOffset) & 0x1F) == 8, "PT_TLS virtual-address congruence was not preserved.");
+
+        var lateEntry = CreateDynamicEntry(_modules[2]);
+        try
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(lateEntry.AllocationBase != 0, "A late TLS module did not receive a dynamic DTV block.");
+            Debug.Assert(Marshal.ReadByte(unchecked((nint)lateEntry.Address)) == 0x7A, "Late-module tdata was not initialized.");
+            Debug.Assert(Marshal.ReadByte(unchecked((nint)lateEntry.Address + 1)) == 0, "Late-module tbss was not zero initialized.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(lateEntry.AllocationBase);
+            Reset();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ public static class HleDataSymbols
    private const string LibcNeedFlagNid = "P330P3dFF68";
    private const string LibcInternalNeedFlagNid = "ZT4ODD2Ts9o";
    private const int ProgNameMaxBytes = 511;
-    private const ulong StackChkGuardValue = 0xC0DEC0DECAFEBABEUL;
+    // Terminator canaries reserve the low byte as NUL. Keep the process data
+    // symbol and every per-thread TLS copy byte-for-byte identical.
+    private const ulong StackChkGuardValue = 0xC0DEC0DECAFEBA00UL;

    private static readonly object _gate = new();
    private static readonly nint _stackChkGuardAddress = Allocate(sizeof(ulong) * 2);
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
 using SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Windows;

 namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
@@ -28,7 +29,14 @@ public static class HostPlatform
            return new WindowsHostPlatform();
        }

+        if ((OperatingSystem.IsLinux() || OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()) &&
+            RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture == Architecture.X64)
+        {
+            return new PosixHostPlatform();
+        }
+
        throw new PlatformNotSupportedException(
-            "SharpEmu native guest execution requires a host platform backend and none exists for this OS/architecture yet (currently Windows x64 only).");
+            "SharpEmu native guest execution requires an x86-64 process on Windows, Linux, or macOS. " +
+            "On Apple Silicon, use the osx-x64 build under Rosetta 2.");
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// ALSA-based playback for Linux. The PCM device is opened in blocking mode
+/// with a device buffer sized to match the 32KB queue the other backends
+/// keep, so snd_pcm_writei itself provides the backpressure pacing. The
+/// "default" device routes through PulseAudio/PipeWire on desktops and to
+/// the hardware on bare ALSA setups; SHARPEMU_ALSA_DEVICE overrides it.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe class PosixAlsaAudioStream : IHostAudioStream
+{
+    // 32KB of stereo PCM16 at 48kHz is ~170ms; keep the same device-side
+    // queue depth the WinMM/CoreAudio ports enforce in managed code.
+    private const uint DeviceLatencyMicroseconds = 170_000;
+    private const int StreamPlayback = 0;
+    private const int FormatS16LittleEndian = 2;
+    private const int AccessReadWriteInterleaved = 3;
+    private const int ErrorPipe = -32; // -EPIPE, underrun
+    private const int ErrorStreamPipe = -86; // -ESTRPIPE, suspended
+
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private nint _pcm;
+    private bool _disposed;
+
+    public PosixAlsaAudioStream(uint sampleRate)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("ALSA audio is only available on Linux.");
+        }
+
+        var device = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_ALSA_DEVICE");
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(device))
+        {
+            device = "default";
+        }
+
+        var status = snd_pcm_open(out _pcm, device, StreamPlayback, 0);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"snd_pcm_open(\"{device}\") failed: {DescribeError(status)}.");
+        }
+
+        status = snd_pcm_set_params(
+            _pcm,
+            FormatS16LittleEndian,
+            AccessReadWriteInterleaved,
+            2,
+            sampleRate,
+            1,
+            DeviceLatencyMicroseconds);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            _ = snd_pcm_close(_pcm);
+            _pcm = 0;
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"snd_pcm_set_params({sampleRate} Hz) failed: {DescribeError(status)}.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool Submit(ReadOnlySpan<byte> stereoPcm16)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return WritePcm(stereoPcm16, (uint)(stereoPcm16.Length / 4));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _disposed = true;
+            if (_pcm != 0)
+            {
+                _ = snd_pcm_drop(_pcm);
+                _ = snd_pcm_close(_pcm);
+                _pcm = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool WritePcm(ReadOnlySpan<byte> pcm, uint frames)
+    {
+        var recovered = false;
+        fixed (byte* data = pcm)
+        {
+            var offset = 0L;
+            while (offset < frames)
+            {
+                var written = snd_pcm_writei(
+                    _pcm,
+                    data + (offset * 4),
+                    (nuint)(frames - offset));
+                if (written >= 0)
+                {
+                    offset += written;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // One recovery attempt per submit covers underruns (-EPIPE)
+                // and suspend/resume (-ESTRPIPE); anything else, or a second
+                // failure, drops the buffer rather than stalling the guest.
+                if (recovered ||
+                    (written != ErrorPipe && written != ErrorStreamPipe) ||
+                    snd_pcm_recover(_pcm, (int)written, 1) != 0)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                recovered = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static string DescribeError(long status)
+    {
+        var message = Marshal.PtrToStringUTF8(snd_strerror((int)status));
+        return $"{message ?? "unknown error"} ({status})";
+    }
+
+    private const string Alsa = "libasound.so.2";
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_open(
+        out nint pcm,
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPUTF8Str)] string name,
+        int stream,
+        int mode);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_set_params(
+        nint pcm,
+        int format,
+        int access,
+        uint channels,
+        uint rate,
+        int softResample,
+        uint latencyUs);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern long snd_pcm_writei(nint pcm, byte* buffer, nuint frames);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_recover(nint pcm, int error, int silent);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_drop(nint pcm);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern int snd_pcm_close(nint pcm);
+
+    [DllImport(Alsa)]
+    private static extern nint snd_strerror(int error);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// AudioQueue-based playback for macOS. Buffers are enqueued as stereo PCM16
+/// and returned by the queue's internal thread through the output callback;
+/// Submit applies the same 32KB backpressure the WinMM backend uses so guest
+/// pacing works identically.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe class PosixCoreAudioStream : IHostAudioStream
+{
+    private const int MaximumQueuedPcmBytes = 32 * 1024;
+    private const uint FormatLinearPcm = 0x6C70636D; // 'lpcm'
+    private const uint FlagIsSignedInteger = 0x4;
+    private const uint FlagIsPacked = 0x8;
+
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly AutoResetEvent _completion = new(false);
+    private readonly Queue<nint> _freeBuffers = new();
+    private GCHandle _selfHandle;
+    private nint _queue;
+    private int _queuedPcmBytes;
+    private bool _started;
+    private bool _disposed;
+
+    public PosixCoreAudioStream(uint sampleRate)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("CoreAudio is only available on macOS.");
+        }
+
+        var format = new AudioStreamBasicDescription
+        {
+            SampleRate = sampleRate,
+            FormatId = FormatLinearPcm,
+            FormatFlags = FlagIsSignedInteger | FlagIsPacked,
+            BytesPerPacket = 4,
+            FramesPerPacket = 1,
+            BytesPerFrame = 4,
+            ChannelsPerFrame = 2,
+            BitsPerChannel = 16,
+        };
+
+        _selfHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(this);
+        var status = AudioQueueNewOutput(
+            &format,
+            &OutputCallback,
+            GCHandle.ToIntPtr(_selfHandle),
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            out _queue);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            _selfHandle.Free();
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"AudioQueueNewOutput failed with OSStatus {status}.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool Submit(ReadOnlySpan<byte> stereoPcm16)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed || _queue == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var outputLength = stereoPcm16.Length;
+            while (_queuedPcmBytes != 0 &&
+                   _queuedPcmBytes + outputLength > MaximumQueuedPcmBytes)
+            {
+                Monitor.Exit(_gate);
+                try
+                {
+                    // Dispose can free the event while this thread waits
+                    // outside the gate; treat that like a timed-out wait.
+                    if (!_completion.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (ObjectDisposedException)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    Monitor.Enter(_gate);
+                }
+
+                if (_disposed)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!TryTakeBuffer(outputLength, out var buffer))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var audioData = ((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioData;
+            stereoPcm16.CopyTo(new Span<byte>(audioData, outputLength));
+
+            ((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioDataByteSize = (uint)outputLength;
+            if (AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(_queue, buffer, 0, 0) != 0)
+            {
+                _freeBuffers.Enqueue(buffer);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            _queuedPcmBytes += outputLength;
+            if (!_started)
+            {
+                if (AudioQueueStart(_queue, 0) != 0)
+                {
+                    // A queue that never starts never drains, so later
+                    // submits would block on backpressure until their
+                    // timeout. Tear the queue down and fail fast instead.
+                    _ = AudioQueueDispose(_queue, true);
+                    _queue = 0;
+                    _queuedPcmBytes = 0;
+                    _freeBuffers.Clear();
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                _started = true;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _disposed = true;
+            if (_queue != 0)
+            {
+                // Synchronous dispose stops the queue, frees its buffers, and
+                // guarantees no further callbacks reference this instance.
+                _ = AudioQueueDispose(_queue, true);
+                _queue = 0;
+            }
+
+            _freeBuffers.Clear();
+            // Wake any submitter waiting on backpressure before the event
+            // goes away; a late waiter observes ObjectDisposedException and
+            // bails out in Submit.
+            _completion.Set();
+            _completion.Dispose();
+            if (_selfHandle.IsAllocated)
+            {
+                _selfHandle.Free();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryTakeBuffer(int length, out nint buffer)
+    {
+        while (_freeBuffers.TryDequeue(out buffer))
+        {
+            if (((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioDataBytesCapacity >= (uint)length)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            _ = AudioQueueFreeBuffer(_queue, buffer);
+        }
+
+        return AudioQueueAllocateBuffer(_queue, (uint)length, out buffer) == 0;
+    }
+
+    [UnmanagedCallersOnly]
+    private static void OutputCallback(nint userData, nint queue, nint buffer)
+    {
+        if (GCHandle.FromIntPtr(userData).Target is not PosixCoreAudioStream port)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (port._gate)
+        {
+            if (port._disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            port._queuedPcmBytes -= checked((int)((AudioQueueBuffer*)buffer)->AudioDataByteSize);
+            port._freeBuffers.Enqueue(buffer);
+        }
+
+        port._completion.Set();
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    private struct AudioStreamBasicDescription
+    {
+        public double SampleRate;
+        public uint FormatId;
+        public uint FormatFlags;
+        public uint BytesPerPacket;
+        public uint FramesPerPacket;
+        public uint BytesPerFrame;
+        public uint ChannelsPerFrame;
+        public uint BitsPerChannel;
+        public uint Reserved;
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    private struct AudioQueueBuffer
+    {
+        public uint AudioDataBytesCapacity;
+        public void* AudioData;
+        public uint AudioDataByteSize;
+        public nint UserData;
+        public uint PacketDescriptionCapacity;
+        public nint PacketDescriptions;
+        public uint PacketDescriptionCount;
+    }
+
+    private const string AudioToolbox =
+        "/System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/AudioToolbox";
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueNewOutput(
+        AudioStreamBasicDescription* format,
+        delegate* unmanaged<nint, nint, nint, void> callback,
+        nint userData,
+        nint callbackRunLoop,
+        nint runLoopMode,
+        uint flags,
+        out nint queue);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueAllocateBuffer(nint queue, uint bufferByteSize, out nint buffer);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueFreeBuffer(nint queue, nint buffer);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(nint queue, nint buffer, uint packetDescriptionCount, nint packetDescriptions);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueStart(nint queue, nint startTime);
+
+    [DllImport(AudioToolbox)]
+    private static extern int AudioQueueDispose(nint queue, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool immediate);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// POSIX audio output: CoreAudio (AudioQueue) on macOS, ALSA on Linux. Both
+/// streams accept the seam's interleaved stereo PCM16 and pace the guest via
+/// device-queue backpressure.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class PosixHostAudio : IHostAudioOutput
+{
+    public string BackendName => OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "coreaudio" : "alsa";
+
+    public IHostAudioStream OpenStereoPcm16Stream(uint sampleRate)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? new PosixCoreAudioStream(sampleRate)
+            : new PosixAlsaAudioStream(sampleRate);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Bridges a window-provided input source into the host input seam. POSIX
+/// hosts have no user32/XInput/raw-HID readers; keyboard and gamepad state
+/// come from the presenter's GLFW window instead, which registers itself via
+/// <see cref="SetSource"/> once the window exists. Until then (and with no
+/// window at all, e.g. headless runs) every query reports neutral input.
+/// Rumble and lightbar are unsupported by the GLFW input layer and no-op.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IPosixWindowInputSource
+{
+    /// <summary>True while the window's keyboard is delivering events.</summary>
+    bool HasKeyboardFocus { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>Windows virtual-key semantics; the source translates.</summary>
+    bool IsKeyDown(int virtualKey);
+
+    /// <summary>Same contract as <see cref="IHostInput.GetGamepadStates"/>.</summary>
+    int GetGamepadStates(Span<HostGamepadState> destination);
+
+    string? DescribeConnectedGamepad();
+}
+
+// Public so the presenter's window layer (SharpEmu.Libs) can register its
+// input source; the platform still constructs the singleton itself.
+public sealed class PosixHostInput : IHostInput
+{
+    private static volatile IPosixWindowInputSource? _source;
+
+    /// <summary>Called by the presenter's window layer when input is ready.</summary>
+    public static void SetSource(IPosixWindowInputSource source)
+    {
+        _source = source;
+    }
+
+    public void EnsureStarted()
+    {
+        // Device readers are event-driven off the window thread; nothing to start.
+    }
+
+    public int GetGamepadStates(Span<HostGamepadState> destination)
+    {
+        return _source?.GetGamepadStates(destination) ?? 0;
+    }
+
+    public string? DescribeConnectedGamepad() => _source?.DescribeConnectedGamepad();
+
+    public void SetRumble(byte largeMotor, byte smallMotor)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public void SetTriggerRumble(byte? leftTrigger, byte? rightTrigger)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public void SetLightbar(byte red, byte green, byte blue)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public void ResetLightbar()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public bool IsHostWindowFocused()
+    {
+        // GLFW only delivers key events to the focused window, so a
+        // delivering keyboard implies focus.
+        return _source?.HasKeyboardFocus ?? false;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsKeyDown(int virtualKey)
+    {
+        return _source?.IsKeyDown(virtualKey) ?? false;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// POSIX virtual memory backend implemented over mmap/mprotect/munmap with a
+/// shadow region table that answers VirtualQuery-style questions and tracks
+/// page protections.
+/// POSIX anonymous mappings are demand-paged by the kernel, so Win32
+/// "reserve-only" regions are mapped as committed memory directly and
+/// commit requests become protection changes.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed unsafe class PosixHostMemory : IHostMemory
+{
+    private const uint MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;
+    private const uint MEM_RESERVE = 0x2000;
+    private const uint MEM_RELEASE = 0x8000;
+    private const uint MEM_FREE_STATE = 0x10000;
+    private const uint MEM_PRIVATE = 0x20000;
+
+    private const uint PAGE_NOACCESS = 0x01;
+    private const uint PAGE_READONLY = 0x02;
+    private const uint PAGE_READWRITE = 0x04;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE = 0x10;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READ = 0x20;
+    private const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;
+
+    private const ulong PageSize = 0x1000;
+
+    private struct BasicInfo
+    {
+        public ulong BaseAddress;
+        public ulong AllocationBase;
+        public uint AllocationProtect;
+        public ulong RegionSize;
+        public uint State;
+        public uint Protect;
+        public uint Type;
+    }
+
+    public ulong Allocate(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return (ulong)Posix.Alloc(
+            (void*)desiredAddress,
+            (nuint)size,
+            MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection));
+    }
+
+    public ulong Reserve(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return (ulong)Posix.Alloc(
+            (void*)desiredAddress,
+            (nuint)size,
+            MEM_RESERVE,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection));
+    }
+
+    public bool Commit(ulong address, ulong size, HostPageProtection protection)
+    {
+        return Posix.Alloc(
+            (void*)address,
+            (nuint)size,
+            MEM_COMMIT,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection)) != null;
+    }
+
+    public bool Free(ulong address)
+    {
+        return Posix.Free((void*)address, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+    }
+
+    public bool Protect(
+        ulong address,
+        ulong size,
+        HostPageProtection protection,
+        out uint rawOldProtection)
+    {
+        return Posix.Protect(
+            (void*)address,
+            (nuint)size,
+            ToNativeProtection(protection),
+            out rawOldProtection);
+    }
+
+    public bool ProtectRaw(
+        ulong address,
+        ulong size,
+        uint rawProtection,
+        out uint rawOldProtection)
+    {
+        return Posix.Protect(
+            (void*)address,
+            (nuint)size,
+            rawProtection,
+            out rawOldProtection);
+    }
+
+    public bool Query(ulong address, out HostRegionInfo info)
+    {
+        if (Posix.Query((void*)address, out var nativeInfo) == 0)
+        {
+            info = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        info = new HostRegionInfo(
+            nativeInfo.BaseAddress,
+            nativeInfo.AllocationBase,
+            nativeInfo.RegionSize,
+            nativeInfo.State switch
+            {
+                MEM_COMMIT => HostRegionState.Committed,
+                MEM_RESERVE => HostRegionState.Reserved,
+                _ => HostRegionState.Free,
+            },
+            nativeInfo.State,
+            ToHostProtection(nativeInfo.Protect),
+            nativeInfo.Protect,
+            nativeInfo.AllocationProtect);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void FlushInstructionCache(ulong address, ulong size)
+    {
+        _ = address;
+        _ = size;
+        // The supported POSIX process is x86-64 (including Rosetta 2), whose
+        // instruction cache is coherent. A future arm64 backend must call the
+        // platform instruction-cache invalidation API here.
+    }
+
+    private static uint ToNativeProtection(HostPageProtection protection) => protection switch
+    {
+        HostPageProtection.NoAccess => PAGE_NOACCESS,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadOnly => PAGE_READONLY,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadWrite => PAGE_READWRITE,
+        HostPageProtection.Execute => PAGE_EXECUTE,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadExecute => PAGE_EXECUTE_READ,
+        HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute => PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+        HostPageProtection.ExecuteWriteCopy => PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+        _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(protection), protection, null),
+    };
+
+    private static HostPageProtection ToHostProtection(uint protection) => protection switch
+    {
+        PAGE_READONLY => HostPageProtection.ReadOnly,
+        PAGE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWrite,
+        PAGE_EXECUTE => HostPageProtection.Execute,
+        PAGE_EXECUTE_READ => HostPageProtection.ReadExecute,
+        PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE => HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute,
+        _ => HostPageProtection.NoAccess,
+    };
+
+    private static class Posix
+    {
+        private const int PROT_NONE = 0x0;
+        private const int PROT_READ = 0x1;
+        private const int PROT_WRITE = 0x2;
+        private const int PROT_EXEC = 0x4;
+
+        private const int MAP_PRIVATE = 0x02;
+        private static readonly int MAP_ANON = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0x1000 : 0x20;
+        private static readonly int MAP_NORESERVE = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0 : 0x4000;
+
+        // Linux-only: fail instead of clobbering an existing mapping.
+        private const int MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE = 0x100000;
+
+        private const int KERN_SUCCESS = 0;
+
+        // On Darwin fixed placement is represented by the absence of
+        // VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE. Do not add VM_FLAGS_OVERWRITE: overlap must fail.
+        private const int VM_FLAGS_FIXED = 0;
+
+        private static readonly nint MAP_FAILED = -1;
+
+        private static readonly object Gate = new();
+        private static readonly SortedList<ulong, Region> Regions = new();
+
+        private sealed class Region
+        {
+            public ulong Base;
+            public ulong Size;
+            public uint DefaultProtect;
+            public Dictionary<ulong, uint>? PageProtects;
+            public bool UsesMachAllocation;
+
+            public ulong End => Base + Size;
+
+            public uint ProtectAt(ulong pageAddress)
+            {
+                if (PageProtects is not null && PageProtects.TryGetValue(pageAddress, out var overriden))
+                {
+                    return overriden;
+                }
+
+                return DefaultProtect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void* Alloc(void* address, nuint size, uint allocationType, uint protect)
+        {
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var alignedSize = AlignUp((ulong)size, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (allocationType == MEM_COMMIT && address != null &&
+                    TryFindRegionLocked((ulong)address, out var existing))
+                {
+                    // Note: MEM_RESERVE requests that overlap an existing
+                    // region must fail like Win32 does; only a pure commit
+                    // may target pages inside a tracked mapping.
+                    // Commit inside an existing mapping: the pages are already
+                    // backed (demand paged), so only apply the protection.
+                    var start = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+                    var end = AlignUp((ulong)address + alignedSize, PageSize);
+                    if (end <= start || end > existing.End)
+                    {
+                        // Win32 fails a commit that runs past its reservation
+                        // instead of committing a prefix; committing partially
+                        // here would let callers believe the whole range is
+                        // usable.
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    if (mprotect((nint)start, (nuint)(end - start), ToPosixProtect(protect)) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    SetProtectRangeLocked(existing, start, end - start, protect);
+                    return address;
+                }
+
+                if ((allocationType & MEM_RESERVE) == 0)
+                {
+                    // MEM_COMMIT alone outside any known region is invalid here.
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                var posixProtect = ToPosixProtect(protect);
+                var flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON;
+                if ((allocationType & MEM_COMMIT) == 0)
+                {
+                    // Reserve-only: keep the requested protection so the region
+                    // is usable without a separate commit step, but tell the
+                    // kernel not to account swap for it where supported.
+                    flags |= MAP_NORESERVE;
+                }
+
+                nint result;
+                var usesMachAllocation = false;
+                if (address != null)
+                {
+                    // Win32 maps at exactly the requested address or fails
+                    // without touching existing mappings. Fail up front on
+                    // any overlap we track, then place the mapping: Linux
+                    // gets MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE (fails cleanly on host
+                    // mappings too). Darwin lacks NOREPLACE and plain
+                    // MAP_FIXED would silently clobber untracked host
+                    // memory (dyld, the runtime's JIT heap, Rosetta), so
+                    // pass the address as a hint instead -- the kernel
+                    // honors it when the range is free and relocates the
+                    // mapping otherwise, which we treat as failure.
+                    if (OverlapsTrackedRegionLocked((ulong)address, alignedSize))
+                    {
+                        Trace($"exact overlap: addr=0x{(ulong)address:X16} size=0x{alignedSize:X}");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    var exactFlags = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? flags : flags | MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE;
+                    result = mmap((nint)address, (nuint)alignedSize, posixProtect, exactFlags, -1, 0);
+                    if (result != MAP_FAILED && (ulong)result != (ulong)address)
+                    {
+                        munmap(result, (nuint)alignedSize);
+                        result = MAP_FAILED;
+                    }
+
+                    if (result == MAP_FAILED && OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+                    {
+                        // The hint-only attempt above didn't land at the requested
+                        // address. mach_vm_allocate with fixed placement and no
+                        // overwrite flag atomically maps the requested range or
+                        // fails if any host mapping already owns it. Unlike
+                        // MAP_FIXED, it cannot clobber CLR, dyld, JIT, or Rosetta
+                        // memory that is absent from our shadow table.
+                        Trace($"exact mmap hint failed, retrying with fixed Mach allocation: addr=0x{(ulong)address:X16}");
+                        result = AllocateDarwinFixed(
+                            (nint)address,
+                            alignedSize,
+                            posixProtect);
+                        usesMachAllocation = result != MAP_FAILED;
+                    }
+
+                    if (result == MAP_FAILED || (ulong)result != (ulong)address)
+                    {
+                        Trace($"exact mmap failed: addr=0x{(ulong)address:X16} got=0x{(ulong)result:X16} size=0x{alignedSize:X} errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+                        if (result != MAP_FAILED)
+                        {
+                            munmap(result, (nuint)alignedSize);
+                        }
+
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result = mmap(0, (nuint)alignedSize, posixProtect, flags, -1, 0);
+                    if (result == MAP_FAILED)
+                    {
+                        Trace($"mmap failed: size=0x{alignedSize:X} errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Regions[(ulong)result] = new Region
+                {
+                    Base = (ulong)result,
+                    Size = alignedSize,
+                    DefaultProtect = protect,
+                    UsesMachAllocation = usesMachAllocation,
+                };
+
+                return (void*)result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool Free(void* address, nuint size, uint freeType)
+        {
+            _ = size;
+            _ = freeType;
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (!Regions.TryGetValue((ulong)address, out var region))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                var released = region.UsesMachAllocation
+                    ? mach_vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), (ulong)address, region.Size) == KERN_SUCCESS
+                    : munmap((nint)address, (nuint)region.Size) == 0;
+                if (released)
+                {
+                    Regions.Remove((ulong)address);
+                }
+
+                return released;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool Protect(void* address, nuint size, uint newProtect, out uint oldProtect)
+        {
+            oldProtect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var start = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+            var end = AlignUp((ulong)address + size, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (!TryFindRegionLocked(start, out var region) || end > region.End)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                oldProtect = region.ProtectAt(start);
+                if (mprotect((nint)start, (nuint)(end - start), ToPosixProtect(newProtect)) != 0)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                SetProtectRangeLocked(region, start, end - start, newProtect);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static nuint Query(void* address, out BasicInfo info)
+        {
+            info = default;
+            var pageAddress = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (TryFindRegionLocked(pageAddress, out var region))
+                {
+                    // Win32 VirtualQuery reports a run of pages sharing the
+                    // same protection, so stop the run where it changes.
+                    var protect = region.ProtectAt(pageAddress);
+                    var runEnd = pageAddress + PageSize;
+                    while (runEnd < region.End && region.ProtectAt(runEnd) == protect)
+                    {
+                        runEnd += PageSize;
+                    }
+
+                    info.BaseAddress = pageAddress;
+                    info.AllocationBase = region.Base;
+                    info.AllocationProtect = region.DefaultProtect;
+                    info.RegionSize = runEnd - pageAddress;
+                    info.State = MEM_COMMIT;
+                    info.Protect = protect;
+                    info.Type = MEM_PRIVATE;
+                    return (nuint)sizeof(BasicInfo);
+                }
+
+                // Untracked host memory (runtime heaps, stacks, libraries) is
+                // reported as a free block reaching to the next tracked region
+                // so scanning callers keep advancing.
+                var nextBase = ulong.MaxValue;
+                foreach (var regionBase in Regions.Keys)
+                {
+                    if (regionBase > pageAddress)
+                    {
+                        nextBase = regionBase;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                info.BaseAddress = pageAddress;
+                info.AllocationBase = 0;
+                info.AllocationProtect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+                info.RegionSize = (nextBase == ulong.MaxValue ? pageAddress + PageSize : nextBase) - pageAddress;
+                info.State = MEM_FREE_STATE;
+                info.Protect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+                info.Type = 0;
+                return (nuint)sizeof(BasicInfo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool OverlapsTrackedRegionLocked(ulong start, ulong size)
+        {
+            var end = start + size;
+            foreach (var region in Regions.Values)
+            {
+                if (region.Base < end && start < region.End)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static bool TryFindRegionLocked(ulong address, out Region region)
+        {
+            region = null!;
+            var keys = Regions.Keys;
+            var low = 0;
+            var high = keys.Count - 1;
+            Region? candidate = null;
+            while (low <= high)
+            {
+                var middle = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
+                var entry = Regions.Values[middle];
+                if (entry.Base <= address)
+                {
+                    candidate = entry;
+                    low = middle + 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    high = middle - 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (candidate is null || address >= candidate.End)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            region = candidate;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static void SetProtectRangeLocked(Region region, ulong start, ulong size, uint protect)
+        {
+            if (start == region.Base && size >= region.Size)
+            {
+                region.DefaultProtect = protect;
+                region.PageProtects = null;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            region.PageProtects ??= new Dictionary<ulong, uint>();
+            var end = start + size;
+            for (var pageAddress = start; pageAddress < end; pageAddress += PageSize)
+            {
+                if (protect == region.DefaultProtect)
+                {
+                    region.PageProtects.Remove(pageAddress);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    region.PageProtects[pageAddress] = protect;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static int ToPosixProtect(uint win32Protect)
+        {
+            return win32Protect switch
+            {
+                PAGE_NOACCESS => PROT_NONE,
+                PAGE_READONLY => PROT_READ,
+                PAGE_READWRITE => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE => PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READ => PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
+                _ => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE
+            };
+        }
+
+        private static nint AllocateDarwinFixed(nint requestedAddress, ulong size, int posixProtect)
+        {
+            var address = (ulong)requestedAddress;
+            var result = mach_vm_allocate(
+                mach_task_self(),
+                ref address,
+                size,
+                VM_FLAGS_FIXED);
+            if (result != KERN_SUCCESS || address != (ulong)requestedAddress)
+            {
+                if (result == KERN_SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    _ = mach_vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), address, size);
+                }
+
+                Trace(
+                    $"fixed Mach allocation failed: addr=0x{(ulong)requestedAddress:X16} " +
+                    $"size=0x{size:X} kern_return={result}");
+                return MAP_FAILED;
+            }
+
+            if (mprotect((nint)address, (nuint)size, posixProtect) == 0)
+            {
+                return (nint)address;
+            }
+
+            var error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
+            _ = mach_vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), address, size);
+            Trace(
+                $"fixed Mach allocation protection failed: addr=0x{address:X16} " +
+                $"size=0x{size:X} errno={error}");
+            return MAP_FAILED;
+        }
+
+        private static void Trace(string message)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_VMEM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HOSTMEM] {message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static ulong AlignDown(ulong value, ulong alignment) => value & ~(alignment - 1);
+
+        private static ulong AlignUp(ulong value, ulong alignment) => checked((value + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1));
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern nint mmap(nint addr, nuint length, int prot, int flags, int fd, long offset);
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int munmap(nint addr, nuint length);
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int mprotect(nint addr, nuint length, int prot);
+
+        [DllImport("libSystem.B.dylib")]
+        private static extern uint mach_task_self();
+
+        [DllImport("libSystem.B.dylib")]
+        private static extern int mach_vm_allocate(uint target, ref ulong address, ulong size, int flags);
+
+        [DllImport("libSystem.B.dylib")]
+        private static extern int mach_vm_deallocate(uint target, ulong address, ulong size);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+internal sealed class PosixHostPlatform : IHostPlatform
+{
+    public IHostMemory Memory { get; } = new PosixHostMemory();
+
+    public IHostThreading Threading { get; } = new PosixHostThreading();
+
+    public IHostSymbolResolver Symbols { get; } = new PosixHostSymbolResolver();
+
+    public IHostAudioOutput Audio { get; } = new PosixHostAudio();
+
+    public IHostInput Input { get; } = new PosixHostInput();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// POSIX replacements for the kernel32 helpers the native backend embeds in
+/// emitted x86-64 code. Every stub exposed here follows the Win64 calling
+/// convention the emitted call sites were written for (first argument in
+/// ECX, result in RAX, Win64 non-volatile registers preserved), so the
+/// emission code stays identical across platforms.
+/// </summary>
+internal static unsafe class PosixHostStubs
+{
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static bool _initialized;
+    private static nint _tlsGetValueStub;
+    private static nint _queryPerformanceCounterStub;
+    private static nint _switchToThreadStub;
+    private static nint _sleepStub;
+    private static nint _waitForSingleObjectStub;
+    private static nint _setEventStub;
+    private static nint _exitThreadStub;
+
+    public static nint TlsGetValueStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _tlsGetValueStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint QueryPerformanceCounterStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _queryPerformanceCounterStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SwitchToThreadStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _switchToThreadStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SleepStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _sleepStub; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Win64-convention replacements for the kernel32 event/thread helpers the
+    /// native guest worker loop embeds. The "handle" they take is a worker
+    /// event created by <see cref="CreateWorkerEvent"/>: a dispatch semaphore
+    /// on macOS, an unnamed POSIX semaphore on Linux. The wait stub always
+    /// waits forever (the worker loop passes INFINITE) and retries EINTR.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint WaitForSingleObjectStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _waitForSingleObjectStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint SetEventStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _setEventStub; }
+    }
+
+    public static nint ExitThreadStubAddress
+    {
+        get { EnsureInitialized(); return _exitThreadStub; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a binary-semaphore worker event signalable/waitable both from
+    /// managed code and from emitted native code (via the stub addresses
+    /// above). Returns 0 on failure.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint CreateWorkerEvent()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            return dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
+        }
+
+        var semaphore = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(64);
+        if (sem_init(semaphore, 0, 0) != 0)
+        {
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(semaphore);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return semaphore;
+    }
+
+    public static bool SignalWorkerEvent(nint handle)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            _ = dispatch_semaphore_signal(handle);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return sem_post(handle) == 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Waits for a worker event; a negative timeout waits forever.</summary>
+    public static bool WaitWorkerEvent(nint handle, int timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0)
+            {
+                return dispatch_semaphore_wait(handle, ulong.MaxValue) == 0;
+            }
+
+            var deadline = dispatch_time(0, timeoutMilliseconds * 1_000_000L);
+            return dispatch_semaphore_wait(handle, deadline) == 0;
+        }
+
+        if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0)
+        {
+            while (sem_wait(handle) != 0)
+            {
+                // EINTR: retry.
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var deadlineTicks = Environment.TickCount64 + timeoutMilliseconds;
+        while (sem_trywait(handle) != 0)
+        {
+            if (Environment.TickCount64 >= deadlineTicks)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static void DestroyWorkerEvent(nint handle)
+    {
+        if (handle == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            dispatch_release(handle);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _ = sem_destroy(handle);
+        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(handle);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Starts a raw pthread at a native entry point (pthread entries take their
+    /// argument in RDI; the worker loop stub ignores it). Returns an opaque
+    /// handle for <see cref="WaitForWorkerThreadExit"/>/<see cref="CloseWorkerThreadHandle"/>,
+    /// or 0 on failure.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint CreateWorkerThread(nint entry, nint parameter, nuint stackReserveBytes, out uint threadId)
+    {
+        threadId = 0;
+        byte* attr = stackalloc byte[512];
+        if (pthread_attr_init(attr) != 0)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (stackReserveBytes != 0)
+            {
+                _ = pthread_attr_setstacksize(attr, nuint.Max(stackReserveBytes, 512 * 1024));
+            }
+
+            nint thread;
+            if (pthread_create(&thread, attr, entry, parameter) != 0)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+            {
+                ulong numericId;
+                if (pthread_threadid_np(thread, &numericId) == 0)
+                {
+                    threadId = unchecked((uint)numericId);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                threadId = unchecked((uint)thread);
+            }
+
+            var holder = (nint*)Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sizeof(nint) * 2);
+            holder[0] = thread;
+            holder[1] = 0; // joined flag
+            return (nint)holder;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _ = pthread_attr_destroy(attr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Waits for a worker thread to exit. Liveness is probed with
+    /// pthread_kill(thread, 0) (ESRCH once the thread has terminated) because
+    /// neither platform offers a portable timed join; the exited thread is then
+    /// joined so its resources are reclaimed.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool WaitForWorkerThreadExit(nint threadHandle, uint timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        var holder = (nint*)threadHandle;
+        if (holder == null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (holder[1] != 0)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var thread = holder[0];
+        var deadline = Environment.TickCount64 + timeoutMilliseconds;
+        while (pthread_kill(thread, 0) == 0)
+        {
+            if (Environment.TickCount64 >= deadline)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
+        }
+
+        _ = pthread_join(thread, null);
+        holder[1] = 1;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static void CloseWorkerThreadHandle(nint threadHandle)
+    {
+        var holder = (nint*)threadHandle;
+        if (holder == null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (holder[1] == 0)
+        {
+            // Never observed exiting: detach so the thread does not leak a
+            // zombie join target when it eventually terminates.
+            _ = pthread_detach(holder[0]);
+        }
+
+        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(threadHandle);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Allocates a pthread TLS key, mirroring kernel32!TlsAlloc.</summary>
+    public static uint TlsAlloc()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            nuint key;
+            return pthread_key_create_mac(&key, 0) == 0 ? (uint)key : uint.MaxValue;
+        }
+
+        uint key32;
+        return pthread_key_create_linux(&key32, 0) == 0 ? key32 : uint.MaxValue;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TlsFree(uint key)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_key_delete_mac((nuint)key) == 0
+            : pthread_key_delete_linux(key) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TlsSetValue(uint key, nint value)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_setspecific_mac((nuint)key, value) == 0
+            : pthread_setspecific_linux(key, value) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public static nint TlsGetValue(uint key)
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
+            ? pthread_getspecific_mac((nuint)key)
+            : pthread_getspecific_linux(key);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Stable numeric id of the calling thread (kernel32!GetCurrentThreadId).</summary>
+    public static uint GetCurrentThreadId()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            ulong tid;
+            return pthread_threadid_np(0, &tid) == 0 ? unchecked((uint)tid) : 0u;
+        }
+
+        return unchecked((uint)gettid());
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Wraps a managed callback (compiled for the SysV ABI on POSIX .NET) in a
+    /// thunk that accepts up to four integer arguments in the Win64 ABI the
+    /// emitted x86-64 call sites use. Win64 passes args in rcx/rdx/r8/r9 and
+    /// treats rdi/rsi as non-volatile; SysV expects rdi/rsi/rdx/rcx and
+    /// clobbers them, so the thunk saves rdi/rsi, shuffles the registers, keeps
+    /// the stack 16-byte aligned for the call, and forwards the rax result.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static nint CreateWin64ToSysVThunk(nint sysvTarget)
+    {
+        var memory = HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+        var page = (byte*)memory.Allocate(
+            0,
+            4096,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+        if (page == null)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("Failed to allocate Win64->SysV thunk page");
+        }
+
+        var offset = 0;
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                   // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                   // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xCF);       // mov rdi, rcx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xD6);       // mov rsi, rdx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x4C, 0x89, 0xC2);       // mov rdx, r8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x4C, 0x89, 0xC9);       // mov rcx, r9
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08); // sub rsp, 8 (realign to 16)
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, sysvTarget);  // mov rax, target
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);             // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08); // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                   // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                   // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                   // ret
+
+        if (!memory.Protect((ulong)page, 4096, HostPageProtection.ReadExecute, out _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to protect Win64->SysV thunk page");
+        }
+
+        memory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)page, (ulong)offset);
+        return (nint)page;
+    }
+
+    private static void EnsureInitialized()
+    {
+        if (_initialized)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            if (_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BuildStubs();
+            _initialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void BuildStubs()
+    {
+        var memory = HostPlatform.Current.Memory;
+        var page = (byte*)memory.Allocate(
+            0,
+            4096,
+            HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute);
+        if (page == null)
+        {
+            throw new OutOfMemoryException("Failed to allocate POSIX host helper stub page");
+        }
+
+        var offset = 0;
+        _tlsGetValueStub = EmitTlsGetValue(page, ref offset);
+        _queryPerformanceCounterStub = EmitQueryPerformanceCounter(page, ref offset);
+        _switchToThreadStub = EmitSwitchToThread(page, ref offset);
+        _sleepStub = EmitSleep(page, ref offset);
+        _waitForSingleObjectStub = EmitWaitForSingleObject(page, ref offset);
+        _setEventStub = EmitSetEvent(page, ref offset);
+        _exitThreadStub = EmitExitThread(page, ref offset);
+
+        if (!memory.Protect((ulong)page, 4096, HostPageProtection.ReadExecute, out _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to protect POSIX host helper stub page");
+        }
+
+        memory.FlushInstructionCache((ulong)page, (ulong)offset);
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitTlsGetValue(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            // On macOS x86-64 pthread keys index the gs-based thread specific
+            // data array directly, so TlsGetValue(index in ecx) collapses to a
+            // single load that clobbers nothing but RAX.
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xC8);                                     // mov eax, ecx
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x65, 0x48, 0x8B, 0x04, 0xC5, 0, 0, 0, 0);       // mov rax, gs:[rax*8]
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                           // ret
+            return start;
+        }
+
+        // Linux: call pthread_getspecific, preserving the registers that are
+        // volatile in SysV but non-volatile in Win64 (rsi, rdi).
+        var pthreadGetSpecific = ResolveLibcExport("pthread_getspecific");
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xCF);                                         // mov edi, ecx
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, pthreadGetSpecific);                      // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitQueryPerformanceCounter(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // BOOL QueryPerformanceCounter(LARGE_INTEGER* out in rcx): the emitted
+        // consumers only need a monotonically increasing counter, which rdtsc
+        // provides without leaving Win64-safe registers.
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x0F, 0x31);                                         // rdtsc
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xC1, 0xE2, 0x20);                             // shl rdx, 32
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x09, 0xD0);                                   // or rax, rdx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0x01);                                   // mov [rcx], rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSwitchToThread(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        var schedYield = ResolveLibcExport("sched_yield");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, schedYield);                              // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSleep(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // void Sleep(DWORD milliseconds in ecx) -> usleep(microseconds in edi).
+        var usleep = ResolveLibcExport("usleep");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                               // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                               // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                             // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x89, 0xCF);                                         // mov edi, ecx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x81, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00);                 // cmp edi, 0xFFF
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x76, 0x05);                                         // jbe +5
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00);                       // mov edi, 0xFFF (cap at ~4s)
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xE8, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00);                 // imul edi, edi, 1000
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, usleep);                                  // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                         // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                             // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                               // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                               // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                               // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitWaitForSingleObject(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // DWORD WaitForSingleObject(worker event in rcx, timeout in edx): the
+        // worker loop only ever waits forever, so the timeout is ignored.
+        // macOS waits on a dispatch semaphore (needs DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER in
+        // rsi), Linux on a sem_t; both retry until the wait succeeds (EINTR).
+        var wait = ResolveLibcExport(
+            OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "dispatch_semaphore_wait" : "sem_wait");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                           // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                           // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x53);                                           // push rbx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xCB);                               // mov rbx, rcx
+        var retry = offset;
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xDF);                               // mov rdi, rbx
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xC7, 0xC6, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);   // mov rsi, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER
+        }
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, wait);                                // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                     // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x85, 0xC0);                                     // test eax, eax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x75, unchecked((byte)(retry - (offset + 2))));  // jnz retry
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x31, 0xC0);                                     // xor eax, eax (WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5B);                                           // pop rbx
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                           // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                           // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                           // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitSetEvent(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // BOOL SetEvent(worker event in rcx) -> dispatch_semaphore_signal /
+        // sem_post.
+        var signal = ResolveLibcExport(
+            OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "dispatch_semaphore_signal" : "sem_post");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x56);                                           // push rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x57);                                           // push rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                         // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x89, 0xCF);                               // mov rdi, rcx
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, signal);                              // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                     // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 0x08);                         // add rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5F);                                           // pop rdi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x5E);                                           // pop rsi
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);                   // mov eax, 1
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xC3);                                           // ret
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint EmitExitThread(byte* page, ref int offset)
+    {
+        // void ExitThread(code in ecx) -> pthread_exit(NULL); never returns,
+        // so no registers need preserving. pthread_exit runs the thread's TSD
+        // destructors, which detaches the CLR if the thread lazily attached.
+        var pthreadExit = ResolveLibcExport("pthread_exit");
+        var start = (nint)(page + offset);
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, 0x08);                         // sub rsp, 8
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x31, 0xFF);                                     // xor edi, edi
+        EmitMovRaxImm64(page, ref offset, pthreadExit);                         // mov rax, imm64
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xFF, 0xD0);                                     // call rax
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0xCC);                                           // int3 (never returns)
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    private static nint ResolveLibcExport(string name)
+    {
+        var libc = NativeLibrary.Load(OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? "libSystem.dylib" : "libc.so.6");
+        return NativeLibrary.GetExport(libc, name);
+    }
+
+    private static void Emit(byte* page, ref int offset, params byte[] bytes)
+    {
+        foreach (var value in bytes)
+        {
+            page[offset++] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void EmitMovRaxImm64(byte* page, ref int offset, nint value)
+    {
+        Emit(page, ref offset, 0x48, 0xB8);
+        *(long*)(page + offset) = value;
+        offset += sizeof(long);
+    }
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_create", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_create_mac(nuint* key, nint destructor);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_create", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_create_linux(uint* key, nint destructor);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_delete")]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_delete_mac(nuint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_key_delete")]
+    private static extern int pthread_key_delete_linux(uint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_setspecific")]
+    private static extern int pthread_setspecific_mac(nuint key, nint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_setspecific")]
+    private static extern int pthread_setspecific_linux(uint key, nint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_getspecific")]
+    private static extern nint pthread_getspecific_mac(nuint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "pthread_getspecific")]
+    private static extern nint pthread_getspecific_linux(uint key);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_threadid_np(nint thread, ulong* threadId);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int gettid();
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_attr_init(byte* attr);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_attr_destroy(byte* attr);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_attr_setstacksize(byte* attr, nuint stackSize);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_create(nint* thread, byte* attr, nint startRoutine, nint arg);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_join(nint thread, nint* returnValue);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_detach(nint thread);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int pthread_kill(nint thread, int signal);
+
+    // macOS: dispatch semaphores back the worker events (unnamed sem_init is
+    // unsupported on Darwin). libSystem reexports libdispatch, so "libc"
+    // resolves these like the pthread imports above.
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_create(long value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_signal(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern nint dispatch_semaphore_wait(nint semaphore, ulong timeout);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern ulong dispatch_time(ulong when, long deltaNanoseconds);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern void dispatch_release(nint handle);
+
+    // Linux: unnamed POSIX semaphores.
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_init(nint semaphore, int shared, uint value);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_post(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_wait(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_trywait(nint semaphore);
+
+    [DllImport("libc")]
+    private static extern int sem_destroy(nint semaphore);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+internal sealed class PosixHostSymbolResolver : IHostSymbolResolver
+{
+    public nint GetAddress(HostRuntimeFunction function) => function switch
+    {
+        HostRuntimeFunction.TlsGetValue => PosixHostStubs.TlsGetValueStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.QueryPerformanceCounter => PosixHostStubs.QueryPerformanceCounterStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.SwitchToThread => PosixHostStubs.SwitchToThreadStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.Sleep => PosixHostStubs.SleepStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.WaitForSingleObject => PosixHostStubs.WaitForSingleObjectStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.SetEvent => PosixHostStubs.SetEventStubAddress,
+        HostRuntimeFunction.ExitThread => PosixHostStubs.ExitThreadStubAddress,
+        _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(function), function, null),
+    };
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
+
+internal sealed class PosixHostThreading : IHostThreading
+{
+    public uint AllocateTlsSlot() => PosixHostStubs.TlsAlloc();
+
+    public bool FreeTlsSlot(uint slot) => PosixHostStubs.TlsFree(slot);
+
+    public bool SetTlsValue(uint slot, nint value) => PosixHostStubs.TlsSetValue(slot, value);
+
+    public nint GetTlsValue(uint slot) => PosixHostStubs.TlsGetValue(slot);
+
+    public uint CurrentThreadId => PosixHostStubs.GetCurrentThreadId();
+
+    public void RequestTimerResolution()
+    {
+        // POSIX sleep primitives are already high-resolution; there is no
+        // timeBeginPeriod equivalent to request.
+    }
+
+    // Thread affinity is advisory on POSIX hosts (macOS offers no
+    // pthread-level affinity API); callers treat false as "not applied".
+    public bool TrySetCurrentThreadAffinity(nuint affinityMask)
+    {
+        _ = affinityMask;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public nint CreateNativeThread(
+        nint entry,
+        nint parameter,
+        nuint stackReserveBytes,
+        out uint threadId)
+    {
+        return PosixHostStubs.CreateWorkerThread(entry, parameter, stackReserveBytes, out threadId);
+    }
+
+    public bool WaitForThreadExit(nint threadHandle, uint timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        return PosixHostStubs.WaitForWorkerThreadExit(threadHandle, timeoutMilliseconds);
+    }
+
+    public void CloseThreadHandle(nint threadHandle)
+    {
+        PosixHostStubs.CloseWorkerThreadHandle(threadHandle);
+    }
+
+    public bool TryCaptureThreadRegisters(uint threadId, out HostCapturedRegisters registers)
+    {
+        _ = threadId;
+        registers = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Runs work on the real process main thread. macOS only allows AppKit (and
+/// therefore GLFW windowing) on that thread, so the CLI moves emulation onto
+/// a worker thread, parks the main thread in <see cref="Pump"/>, and the
+/// video presenter posts its window loop here. On other platforms
+/// <see cref="IsAvailable"/> stays false and nothing changes.
+/// </summary>
+public static class HostMainThread
+{
+    private static readonly BlockingCollection<Action> _work = new();
+    private static Action? _shutdownRequestHandler;
+
+    public static bool IsAvailable { get; private set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Registers a callback invoked by <see cref="Shutdown"/> so a
+    /// long-running posted work item (the presenter's window loop) can be
+    /// asked to return to the pump.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void SetShutdownRequestHandler(Action handler) =>
+        _shutdownRequestHandler = handler;
+
+    /// <summary>Marks the pump as present. Call before guest code can run.</summary>
+    public static void Enable() => IsAvailable = true;
+
+    public static void Post(Action work)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _work.Add(work);
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException)
+        {
+            // Shutdown already requested; the process is exiting.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Services posted work on the calling (main) thread until
+    /// <see cref="Shutdown"/> is called and the queue drains.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void Pump()
+    {
+        foreach (var work in _work.GetConsumingEnumerable())
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                work();
+            }
+            catch (Exception exception)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] Main-thread work failed: {exception}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void Shutdown()
+    {
+        IsAvailable = false;
+        try
+        {
+            _shutdownRequestHandler?.Invoke();
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][WARN] Main-thread shutdown handler failed: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+
+        _work.CompleteAdding();
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Cross-platform host virtual memory API with Win32 semantics.
+/// On Windows this forwards directly to kernel32. On POSIX systems it is
+/// implemented over mmap/mprotect/munmap with a shadow region table that
+/// answers VirtualQuery-style questions and tracks page protections.
+/// POSIX anonymous mappings are demand-paged by the kernel, so Win32
+/// "reserve-only" regions are mapped as committed memory directly and
+/// commit requests become protection changes.
+/// </summary>
+public static unsafe class HostMemory
+{
+    public const uint MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;
+    public const uint MEM_RESERVE = 0x2000;
+    public const uint MEM_RELEASE = 0x8000;
+    public const uint MEM_FREE_STATE = 0x10000;
+    public const uint MEM_PRIVATE = 0x20000;
+
+    public const uint PAGE_NOACCESS = 0x01;
+    public const uint PAGE_READONLY = 0x02;
+    public const uint PAGE_READWRITE = 0x04;
+    public const uint PAGE_EXECUTE = 0x10;
+    public const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READ = 0x20;
+    public const uint PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;
+
+    private const ulong PageSize = 0x1000;
+
+    /// <summary>Win32 MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION (64-bit) layout.</summary>
+    public struct BasicInfo
+    {
+        public ulong BaseAddress;
+        public ulong AllocationBase;
+        public uint AllocationProtect;
+        public uint Alignment1;
+        public ulong RegionSize;
+        public uint State;
+        public uint Protect;
+        public uint Type;
+        public uint Alignment2;
+    }
+
+    public static void* Alloc(void* address, nuint size, uint allocationType, uint protect)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return Win32VirtualAlloc(address, size, allocationType, protect);
+        }
+
+        return Posix.Alloc(address, size, allocationType, protect);
+    }
+
+    public static bool Free(void* address, nuint size, uint freeType)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return Win32VirtualFree(address, size, freeType);
+        }
+
+        return Posix.Free(address, size, freeType);
+    }
+
+    public static bool Protect(void* address, nuint size, uint newProtect, out uint oldProtect)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return Win32VirtualProtect(address, size, newProtect, out oldProtect);
+        }
+
+        return Posix.Protect(address, size, newProtect, out oldProtect);
+    }
+
+    public static nuint Query(void* address, out BasicInfo info)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return Win32VirtualQuery(address, out info, (nuint)sizeof(BasicInfo));
+        }
+
+        return Posix.Query(address, out info);
+    }
+
+    public static void FlushInstructionCache(void* address, nuint size)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            Win32FlushInstructionCache(Win32GetCurrentProcess(), address, size);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // The emulator only executes x86-64 guest code, so a non-Windows host
+        // is either x86-64 (including Rosetta 2 translation) with a coherent
+        // instruction cache, or would need sys_icache_invalidate for a future
+        // arm64 recompiler. Nothing to do today.
+    }
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "VirtualAlloc", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern void* Win32VirtualAlloc(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "VirtualFree", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static extern bool Win32VirtualFree(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint dwFreeType);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "VirtualProtect", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static extern bool Win32VirtualProtect(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint flNewProtect, out uint lpflOldProtect);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "VirtualQuery")]
+    private static extern nuint Win32VirtualQuery(void* lpAddress, out BasicInfo lpBuffer, nuint dwLength);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetCurrentProcess")]
+    private static extern void* Win32GetCurrentProcess();
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "FlushInstructionCache")]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static extern bool Win32FlushInstructionCache(void* hProcess, void* lpBaseAddress, nuint dwSize);
+
+    private static class Posix
+    {
+        private const int PROT_NONE = 0x0;
+        private const int PROT_READ = 0x1;
+        private const int PROT_WRITE = 0x2;
+        private const int PROT_EXEC = 0x4;
+
+        private const int MAP_PRIVATE = 0x02;
+        private const int MAP_FIXED = 0x10;
+        private static readonly int MAP_ANON = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0x1000 : 0x20;
+        private static readonly int MAP_NORESERVE = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? 0 : 0x4000;
+
+        // Linux-only: fail instead of clobbering an existing mapping.
+        private const int MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE = 0x100000;
+
+        private static readonly nint MAP_FAILED = -1;
+
+        private static readonly object Gate = new();
+        private static readonly SortedList<ulong, Region> Regions = new();
+
+        private sealed class Region
+        {
+            public ulong Base;
+            public ulong Size;
+            public uint DefaultProtect;
+            public Dictionary<ulong, uint>? PageProtects;
+
+            public ulong End => Base + Size;
+
+            public uint ProtectAt(ulong pageAddress)
+            {
+                if (PageProtects is not null && PageProtects.TryGetValue(pageAddress, out var overriden))
+                {
+                    return overriden;
+                }
+
+                return DefaultProtect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void* Alloc(void* address, nuint size, uint allocationType, uint protect)
+        {
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var alignedSize = AlignUp((ulong)size, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (allocationType == MEM_COMMIT && address != null &&
+                    TryFindRegionLocked((ulong)address, out var existing))
+                {
+                    // Note: MEM_RESERVE requests that overlap an existing
+                    // region must fail like Win32 does; only a pure commit
+                    // may target pages inside a tracked mapping.
+                    // Commit inside an existing mapping: the pages are already
+                    // backed (demand paged), so only apply the protection.
+                    var start = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+                    var end = Math.Min(existing.End, AlignUp((ulong)address + alignedSize, PageSize));
+                    if (end <= start)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    if (mprotect((nint)start, (nuint)(end - start), ToPosixProtect(protect)) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    SetProtectRangeLocked(existing, start, end - start, protect);
+                    return address;
+                }
+
+                if ((allocationType & MEM_RESERVE) == 0)
+                {
+                    // MEM_COMMIT alone outside any known region is invalid here.
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                var posixProtect = ToPosixProtect(protect);
+                var flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON;
+                if ((allocationType & MEM_COMMIT) == 0)
+                {
+                    // Reserve-only: keep the requested protection so the region
+                    // is usable without a separate commit step, but tell the
+                    // kernel not to account swap for it where supported.
+                    flags |= MAP_NORESERVE;
+                }
+
+                nint result;
+                if (address != null)
+                {
+                    // Win32 maps at exactly the requested address or fails
+                    // without touching existing mappings. Fail up front on
+                    // any overlap we track, then place the mapping: Linux
+                    // gets MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE (fails cleanly on host
+                    // mappings too). Darwin lacks NOREPLACE and plain
+                    // MAP_FIXED would silently clobber untracked host
+                    // memory (dyld, the runtime's JIT heap, Rosetta), so
+                    // pass the address as a hint instead -- the kernel
+                    // honors it when the range is free and relocates the
+                    // mapping otherwise, which we treat as failure.
+                    if (OverlapsTrackedRegionLocked((ulong)address, alignedSize))
+                    {
+                        Trace($"exact overlap: addr=0x{(ulong)address:X16} size=0x{alignedSize:X}");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    var exactFlags = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS() ? flags : flags | MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE;
+                    result = mmap((nint)address, (nuint)alignedSize, posixProtect, exactFlags, -1, 0);
+                    if (result == MAP_FAILED || (ulong)result != (ulong)address)
+                    {
+                        Trace($"exact mmap failed: addr=0x{(ulong)address:X16} got=0x{(ulong)result:X16} size=0x{alignedSize:X} errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+                        if (result != MAP_FAILED)
+                        {
+                            munmap(result, (nuint)alignedSize);
+                        }
+
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result = mmap(0, (nuint)alignedSize, posixProtect, flags, -1, 0);
+                    if (result == MAP_FAILED)
+                    {
+                        Trace($"mmap failed: size=0x{alignedSize:X} errno={Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()}");
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Regions[(ulong)result] = new Region
+                {
+                    Base = (ulong)result,
+                    Size = alignedSize,
+                    DefaultProtect = protect
+                };
+
+                return (void*)result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool Free(void* address, nuint size, uint freeType)
+        {
+            _ = size;
+            _ = freeType;
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (!Regions.TryGetValue((ulong)address, out var region))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                Regions.Remove((ulong)address);
+                return munmap((nint)address, (nuint)region.Size) == 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool Protect(void* address, nuint size, uint newProtect, out uint oldProtect)
+        {
+            oldProtect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+            if (size == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var start = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+            var end = AlignUp((ulong)address + size, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (!TryFindRegionLocked(start, out var region) || end > region.End)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                oldProtect = region.ProtectAt(start);
+                if (mprotect((nint)start, (nuint)(end - start), ToPosixProtect(newProtect)) != 0)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                SetProtectRangeLocked(region, start, end - start, newProtect);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static nuint Query(void* address, out BasicInfo info)
+        {
+            info = default;
+            var pageAddress = AlignDown((ulong)address, PageSize);
+
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                if (TryFindRegionLocked(pageAddress, out var region))
+                {
+                    // Win32 VirtualQuery reports a run of pages sharing the
+                    // same protection, so stop the run where it changes. Do
+                    // not walk the whole mapping page-by-page here: PS5 GPU
+                    // apertures can span hundreds of GiB, while protection
+                    // overrides are sparse. A tiny read inside such a mapping
+                    // otherwise performs tens of millions of dictionary
+                    // lookups before it can return.
+                    var pageProtects = region.PageProtects;
+                    uint protect;
+                    ulong runEnd;
+                    if (pageProtects is null || pageProtects.Count == 0)
+                    {
+                        protect = region.DefaultProtect;
+                        runEnd = region.End;
+                    }
+                    else if (pageProtects.TryGetValue(pageAddress, out protect))
+                    {
+                        runEnd = pageAddress + PageSize;
+                        while (runEnd < region.End &&
+                            pageProtects.TryGetValue(runEnd, out var nextProtect) &&
+                            nextProtect == protect)
+                        {
+                            runEnd += PageSize;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        protect = region.DefaultProtect;
+                        runEnd = region.End;
+                        foreach (var overrideAddress in pageProtects.Keys)
+                        {
+                            if (overrideAddress > pageAddress && overrideAddress < runEnd)
+                            {
+                                runEnd = overrideAddress;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    info.BaseAddress = pageAddress;
+                    info.AllocationBase = region.Base;
+                    info.AllocationProtect = region.DefaultProtect;
+                    info.RegionSize = runEnd - pageAddress;
+                    info.State = MEM_COMMIT;
+                    info.Protect = protect;
+                    info.Type = MEM_PRIVATE;
+                    return (nuint)sizeof(BasicInfo);
+                }
+
+                // Untracked host memory (runtime heaps, stacks, libraries) is
+                // reported as a free block reaching to the next tracked region
+                // so scanning callers keep advancing.
+                var nextBase = ulong.MaxValue;
+                foreach (var regionBase in Regions.Keys)
+                {
+                    if (regionBase > pageAddress)
+                    {
+                        nextBase = regionBase;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                info.BaseAddress = pageAddress;
+                info.AllocationBase = 0;
+                info.AllocationProtect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+                info.RegionSize = (nextBase == ulong.MaxValue ? pageAddress + PageSize : nextBase) - pageAddress;
+                info.State = MEM_FREE_STATE;
+                info.Protect = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+                info.Type = 0;
+                return (nuint)sizeof(BasicInfo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool OverlapsTrackedRegionLocked(ulong start, ulong size)
+        {
+            var end = start + size;
+            foreach (var region in Regions.Values)
+            {
+                if (region.Base < end && start < region.End)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static bool TryFindRegionLocked(ulong address, out Region region)
+        {
+            region = null!;
+            var keys = Regions.Keys;
+            var low = 0;
+            var high = keys.Count - 1;
+            Region? candidate = null;
+            while (low <= high)
+            {
+                var middle = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
+                var entry = Regions.Values[middle];
+                if (entry.Base <= address)
+                {
+                    candidate = entry;
+                    low = middle + 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    high = middle - 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (candidate is null || address >= candidate.End)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            region = candidate;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static void SetProtectRangeLocked(Region region, ulong start, ulong size, uint protect)
+        {
+            if (start == region.Base && size >= region.Size)
+            {
+                region.DefaultProtect = protect;
+                region.PageProtects = null;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            region.PageProtects ??= new Dictionary<ulong, uint>();
+            var end = start + size;
+            for (var pageAddress = start; pageAddress < end; pageAddress += PageSize)
+            {
+                if (protect == region.DefaultProtect)
+                {
+                    region.PageProtects.Remove(pageAddress);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    region.PageProtects[pageAddress] = protect;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static int ToPosixProtect(uint win32Protect)
+        {
+            return win32Protect switch
+            {
+                PAGE_NOACCESS => PROT_NONE,
+                PAGE_READONLY => PROT_READ,
+                PAGE_READWRITE => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE => PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READ => PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
+                _ => PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE
+            };
+        }
+
+        private static void Trace(string message)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_VMEM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HOSTMEM] {message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static ulong AlignDown(ulong value, ulong alignment) => value & ~(alignment - 1);
+
+        private static ulong AlignUp(ulong value, ulong alignment) => checked((value + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1));
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern nint mmap(nint addr, nuint length, int prot, int flags, int fd, long offset);
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int munmap(nint addr, nuint length);
+
+        [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int mprotect(nint addr, nuint length, int prot);
+    }
+}
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

-using System.Reflection;
-
 namespace SharpEmu.HLE;

 public interface IModuleManager
 {
-    int RegisterFromAssembly(Assembly assembly, Generation generation, ISymbolCatalog? symbolCatalog = null);
+    /// <summary>Registers pre-built exports (the compile-time generated registry).</summary>
+    int RegisterExports(IReadOnlyList<ExportedFunction> exports);

    void Freeze();

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ public sealed class ModuleManager : IModuleManager
    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, ExportedFunction> _exportTable = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, ExportedFunction> _exportNameTable = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
    private readonly object _registrationGate = new();
-    private readonly HashSet<(Assembly Assembly, Generation Generation)> _scannedAssemblies = new();
+    private readonly HashSet<Assembly> _warmupAssemblies = new();
    private bool _isFrozen;

-    public int RegisterFromAssembly(Assembly assembly, Generation generation, ISymbolCatalog? symbolCatalog = null)
+    public int RegisterExports(IReadOnlyList<ExportedFunction> exports)
    {
-        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(assembly);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(exports);

        lock (_registrationGate)
        {
@@ -27,48 +27,21 @@ public sealed class ModuleManager : IModuleManager
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Module registration is frozen.");
            }

-            // Deduplicated: one assembly is reached through many types.
-            if (!_scannedAssemblies.Add((assembly, generation)))
-            {
-                return 0;
-            }
-
            var registeredCount = 0;
-            var instances = new Dictionary<Type, object>();
-
-            foreach (var type in assembly.GetTypes())
+            foreach (var export in exports)
            {
-                foreach (var method in type.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Static))
+                if (!_dispatchTable.TryAdd(export.Nid, export.Function))
                {
-                    var exportAttribute = method.GetCustomAttribute<SysAbiExportAttribute>(inherit: false);
-                    if (exportAttribute is null)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    var exportInfo = ResolveExportInfo(exportAttribute, method, generation, symbolCatalog);
-                    if (exportInfo is null)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    var handler = CreateHandler(type, method, instances);
-                    if (!_dispatchTable.TryAdd(exportInfo.Value.Nid, handler))
-                    {
-                        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HLE] Duplicate NID '{exportInfo.Value.Nid}' ({exportInfo.Value.ExportName}) — already registered, skipping.");
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    _exportTable[exportInfo.Value.Nid] = new ExportedFunction(
-                        exportInfo.Value.LibraryName,
-                        exportInfo.Value.Nid,
-                        exportInfo.Value.ExportName,
-                        exportInfo.Value.Target,
-                        (SysAbiFunction)handler);
-                    _exportNameTable.TryAdd(exportInfo.Value.ExportName, _exportTable[exportInfo.Value.Nid]);
-
-                    registeredCount++;
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HLE] Duplicate NID '{export.Nid}' ({export.Name}) — already registered, skipping.");
+                    continue;
                }
+
+                _exportTable[export.Nid] = export;
+                _exportNameTable.TryAdd(export.Name, export);
+                // The warm sweep in Freeze() covers every assembly that contributed a
+                // handler (generated thunks resolve to their home assembly too).
+                _warmupAssemblies.Add(export.Function.Method.Module.Assembly);
+                registeredCount++;
            }

            return registeredCount;
@@ -92,7 +65,8 @@ public sealed class ModuleManager : IModuleManager
        Assembly[] assemblies;
        lock (_registrationGate)
        {
-            assemblies = _scannedAssemblies.Select(entry => entry.Assembly).Distinct().ToArray();
+            assemblies = new Assembly[_warmupAssemblies.Count];
+            _warmupAssemblies.CopyTo(assemblies);
        }

        assemblies = WithGuestReachableDependencies(assemblies);
@@ -328,107 +302,4 @@ public sealed class ModuleManager : IModuleManager
        return true;
    }

-    private static Delegate CreateHandler(Type ownerType, MethodInfo method, IDictionary<Type, object> instances)
-    {
-        ValidateSignature(method);
-
-        object? target = null;
-        if (!method.IsStatic)
-        {
-            if (!instances.TryGetValue(ownerType, out target))
-            {
-                target = Activator.CreateInstance(ownerType)
-                    ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot instantiate module type: {ownerType.FullName}");
-                instances.Add(ownerType, target);
-            }
-        }
-
-        var parameterCount = method.GetParameters().Length;
-        if (parameterCount == 0)
-        {
-            var noArg = method.IsStatic
-                ? (Func<int>)method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<int>))
-                : (Func<int>)method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<int>), target!);
-
-            SysAbiFunction adapter = _ => noArg();
-            return adapter;
-        }
-
-        return method.IsStatic
-            ? method.CreateDelegate(typeof(SysAbiFunction))
-            : method.CreateDelegate(typeof(SysAbiFunction), target!);
-    }
-
-    private static void ValidateSignature(MethodInfo method)
-    {
-        if (method.ReturnType != typeof(int))
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                $"Method {method.DeclaringType?.FullName}.{method.Name} must return int.");
-        }
-
-        var parameters = method.GetParameters();
-        if (parameters.Length == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (parameters.Length == 1 && parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(CpuContext))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        throw new InvalidOperationException(
-            $"Method {method.DeclaringType?.FullName}.{method.Name} must accept no arguments or one {nameof(CpuContext)} argument.");
-    }
-
-    private static ExportInfo? ResolveExportInfo(
-        SysAbiExportAttribute exportAttribute,
-        MethodInfo method,
-        Generation generation,
-        ISymbolCatalog? symbolCatalog)
-    {
-        var target = exportAttribute.Target == Generation.None
-            ? generation
-            : exportAttribute.Target;
-        if ((target & generation) == 0)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var nid = exportAttribute.Nid;
-        var exportName = exportAttribute.ExportName;
-
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nid) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(exportName) && symbolCatalog?.TryGetByExportName(exportName, out var byName) == true)
-        {
-            nid = byName.Nid;
-        }
-
-        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nid) && symbolCatalog?.TryGetByNid(nid, out var byNid) == true)
-        {
-            exportName = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(exportName) ? byNid.ExportName : exportName;
-            target = exportAttribute.Target == Generation.None ? byNid.Target : target;
-        }
-
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nid))
-        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                $"Method {method.DeclaringType?.FullName}.{method.Name} must define a NID or match one in symbols catalog.");
-        }
-
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(exportName))
-        {
-            exportName = method.Name;
-        }
-
-        if ((target & generation) == 0)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var libraryName = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(exportAttribute.LibraryName) ? "libKernel" : exportAttribute.LibraryName;
-        return new ExportInfo(nid, exportName, libraryName, target);
-    }
-
-    private readonly record struct ExportInfo(string Nid, string ExportName, string LibraryName, Generation Target);
 }
@@ -12,11 +12,61 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>
  </PropertyGroup>

+  <ItemGroup>
+    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="SharpEmu.Core" />
+    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="SharpEmu.Libs.Tests" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.Logging\SharpEmu.Logging.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
-    <EmbeddedResource Include="Aerolib\aerolib.bin" />
+    <!-- Forces build ordering for the aerolib task below; loaded as a build component,
+         never a runtime dependency. -->
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.SourceGenerators\SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.csproj"
+                      ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <!-- aerolib.bin (the runtime NID -> name catalog) is derived data: generated here
+       from scripts/ps5_names.txt via the same Ps5Nid implementation the analyzers use,
+       embedded from the intermediate directory, and never committed. Replaces
+       scripts/generate_aerolib_binary.py. -->
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <SharpEmuAerolibNamesFile>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\..\scripts\ps5_names.txt</SharpEmuAerolibNamesFile>
+    <SharpEmuAerolibTaskAssembly>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\..\artifacts\bin\$(Configuration)\netstandard2.0\SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.dll</SharpEmuAerolibTaskAssembly>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <UsingTask TaskName="SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.GenerateAerolibBinaryTask"
+             TaskFactory="TaskHostFactory"
+             AssemblyFile="$(SharpEmuAerolibTaskAssembly)" />
+
+  <!-- Runs after ResolveProjectReferences (which builds the task assembly) and before
+       resource processing embeds the output. Skipped for design-time builds: the IDE
+       resolves project references without compiling them, so on a fresh clone the task
+       assembly does not exist yet and loading it would break the design-time build. -->
+  <Target Name="GenerateAerolibBinary"
+          DependsOnTargets="ResolveProjectReferences"
+          Inputs="$(SharpEmuAerolibNamesFile);$(SharpEmuAerolibTaskAssembly)"
+          Outputs="$(IntermediateOutputPath)aerolib.bin">
+    <GenerateAerolibBinaryTask NamesFile="$(SharpEmuAerolibNamesFile)"
+                               OutputFile="$(IntermediateOutputPath)aerolib.bin" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <!-- The resource item is created inside a target (not statically) so design-time
+       builds never reference a file that was not generated, and in a separate target
+       from the generation so an up-to-date skip of GenerateAerolibBinary cannot drop
+       the item (an up-to-date target skips its whole body, ItemGroups included).
+       Hooked before AssignTargetPaths: dynamic EmbeddedResource items added later
+       than that miss the resource pipeline entirely. -->
+  <Target Name="EmbedAerolibBinary"
+          BeforeTargets="AssignTargetPaths"
+          DependsOnTargets="GenerateAerolibBinary"
+          Condition="'$(DesignTimeBuild)' != 'true'">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <EmbeddedResource Include="$(IntermediateOutputPath)aerolib.bin"
+                        LogicalName="SharpEmu.HLE.Aerolib.aerolib.bin"
+                        Visible="false" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+  </Target>
 </Project>
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 2,
-  "dependencies": {
-    "net10.0": {
-      "sharpemu.logging": {
-        "type": "Project"
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
+
+public static partial class AgcExports
+{
+    // Exact Gen5 primary register defaults originally reverse-engineered by Kyty (MIT).
+    // Hashes, offsets, and values match the tables consumed by the PS5 AGC SDK.
+    private static RegisterDefaultGroup[] CreatePrimaryRegisterDefaults() =>
+    [
+        // context register groups
+        new(0u, 0u, 0xE24F806Du, [new(0x202u, 0x00CC0010u)]), // CB_COLOR_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 1u, 0xF6C28182u, [new(0x109u, 0x00000000u)]), // CB_DCC_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 2u, 0x6F6E55A5u, [new(0x104u, 0x00000000u)]), // CB_RMI_GL2_CACHE_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 3u, 0x0BC65DA4u, [new(0x08Fu, 0x00000000u)]), // CB_SHADER_MASK
+        new(0u, 4u, 0x9E5AD592u, [new(0x08Eu, 0x0000000Fu)]), // CB_TARGET_MASK
+        new(0u, 5u, 0xBB513B98u, [new(0x2DCu, 0x0000AA00u)]), // DB_ALPHA_TO_MASK
+        new(0u, 6u, 0xAB64B23Bu, [new(0x001u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_COUNT_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 7u, 0x53C39964u, [new(0x200u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_DEPTH_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 8u, 0x01396B11u, [new(0x201u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_EQAA
+        new(0u, 9u, 0x7D42019Au, [new(0x000u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_RENDER_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 10u, 0x3548F523u, [new(0x006u, 0x00000000u)]), // PS_SHADER_SAMPLE_EXCLUSION_MASK
+        new(0u, 11u, 0xF43AD28Au, [new(0x01Fu, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_RMI_L2_CACHE_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 12u, 0x6DE4C312u, [new(0x203u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_SHADER_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 13u, 0x00A77AE0u, [new(0x2B0u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_SRESULTS_COMPARE_STATE0
+        new(0u, 14u, 0x00A779B7u, [new(0x2B1u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_SRESULTS_COMPARE_STATE1
+        new(0u, 15u, 0x5100100Cu, [new(0x10Cu, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_STENCILREFMASK
+        new(0u, 16u, 0x59958BBAu, [new(0x10Du, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_STENCILREFMASK_BF
+        new(0u, 17u, 0x0C06F17Cu, [new(0x10Bu, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_STENCIL_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 18u, 0x6F104B72u, [new(0x1FFu, 0x00000000u)]), // GE_MAX_OUTPUT_PER_SUBGROUP
+        new(0u, 19u, 0x25C70D9Cu, [new(0x204u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_CL_CLIP_CNTL
+        new(0u, 20u, 0x3881201Eu, [new(0x20Du, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_CL_OBJPRIM_ID_CNTL
+        new(0u, 21u, 0x09AFDDAFu, [new(0x206u, 0x0000043Fu)]), // PA_CL_VTE_CNTL
+        new(0u, 22u, 0x367D63CFu, [new(0x2F8u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_AA_CONFIG
+        new(0u, 23u, 0x43707DB8u, [new(0x083u, 0x0000FFFFu)]), // PA_SC_CLIPRECT_RULE
+        new(0u, 24u, 0xF6AE26BAu, [new(0x313u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_CNTL
+        new(0u, 25u, 0x1B917652u, [new(0x800003FEu, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_FSR_ENABLE
+        new(0u, 26u, 0x94B1E4F7u, [new(0x0EAu, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_HORIZ_GRID
+        new(0u, 27u, 0xE3661B6Cu, [new(0x0E9u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_LEFT_VERT_GRID
+        new(0u, 28u, 0x1EB8D73Au, [new(0x292u, 0x00000002u)]), // PA_SC_MODE_CNTL_0
+        new(0u, 29u, 0x15051FA3u, [new(0x293u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_MODE_CNTL_1
+        new(0u, 30u, 0x9C51A7F1u, [new(0x0E8u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_RIGHT_VERT_GRID
+        new(0u, 31u, 0xA20EFC70u, [new(0x080u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_WINDOW_OFFSET
+        new(0u, 32u, 0x0EC09F6Eu, [new(0x211u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_STATE_STEREO_X
+        new(0u, 33u, 0x34A7D6D3u, [new(0x210u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_STEREO_CNTL
+        new(0u, 34u, 0xCE831B94u, [new(0x08Du, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SU_HARDWARE_SCREEN_OFFSET
+        new(0u, 35u, 0x5CC72A74u, [new(0x282u, 0x00000008u)]), // PA_SU_LINE_CNTL
+        new(0u, 36u, 0x3B77713Cu, [new(0x281u, 0xFFFF0000u)]), // PA_SU_POINT_MINMAX
+        new(0u, 37u, 0x40F64410u, [new(0x280u, 0x00080008u)]), // PA_SU_POINT_SIZE
+        new(0u, 38u, 0x69441268u, [new(0x2DFu, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SU_POLY_OFFSET_CLAMP
+        new(0u, 39u, 0x2E418B83u, [new(0x2DEu, 0x000001E9u)]), // PA_SU_POLY_OFFSET_DB_FMT_CNTL
+        new(0u, 40u, 0xA00D0C8Du, [new(0x205u, 0x00000240u)]), // PA_SU_SC_MODE_CNTL
+        new(0u, 41u, 0xB1289FB3u, [new(0x20Cu, 0x00000001u)]), // PA_SU_SMALL_PRIM_FILTER_CNTL
+        new(0u, 42u, 0x144832FBu, [new(0x2F9u, 0x0000002Du)]), // PA_SU_VTX_CNTL
+        new(0u, 43u, 0x9890D9FAu, [new(0x1BAu, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_TMPRING_SIZE
+        new(0u, 44u, 0x9016FAF1u, [new(0x2A6u, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_DRAW_PAYLOAD_CNTL
+        new(0u, 45u, 0x4B73CE27u, [new(0x2CEu, 0x00000400u)]), // VGT_GS_MAX_VERT_OUT
+        new(0u, 46u, 0x5F5A3E7Bu, [new(0x29Bu, 0x00000002u)]), // VGT_GS_OUT_PRIM_TYPE
+        new(0u, 47u, 0xD4AF3A51u, [new(0x2D6u, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_LS_HS_CONFIG
+        new(0u, 48u, 0x6CF4F543u, [new(0x2A3u, 0xFFFFFFFFu)]), // VGT_PRIMITIVEID_RESET
+        new(0u, 49u, 0x5FB86CCBu, [new(0x2A1u, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_PRIMITIVEID_EN
+        new(0u, 50u, 0xEDEFA188u, [new(0x2ADu, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_REUSE_OFF
+        new(0u, 51u, 0xD0DE9EE6u, [new(0x2D5u, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_SHADER_STAGES_EN
+        new(0u, 52u, 0xC5831803u, [new(0x2D4u, 0x88101000u)]), // VGT_TESS_DISTRIBUTION
+        new(0u, 53u, 0x8E6DE84Bu, [new(0x2DBu, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_TF_PARAM
+        new(0u, 54u, 0xD0771662u, [new(0x2F5u, 0x00000000u), new(0x2F6u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_CENTROID_PRIORITY_0, PA_SC_CENTROID_PRIORITY_1
+        new(0u, 55u, 0x569F7444u, [new(0x2FEu, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_AA_SAMPLE_LOCS_PIXEL_X0Y0_0
+        new(0u, 56u, 0x5C6637CDu, [new(0x30Eu, 0xFFFFFFFFu), new(0x30Fu, 0xFFFFFFFFu)]), // PA_SC_AA_MASK_X0Y0_X1Y0, PA_SC_AA_MASK_X0Y1_X1Y1
+        new(0u, 57u, 0xCAE3E690u, [new(0x311u, 0x00000002u), new(0x312u, 0x03FF0080u)]), // PA_SC_BINNER_CNTL_0, PA_SC_BINNER_CNTL_1
+        new(0u, 58u, 0x43FBD769u, [new(0x105u, 0x00000000u), new(0x107u, 0x00000000u), new(0x106u, 0x00000000u), new(0x108u, 0x00000000u)]), // CB_BLEND_RED, CB_BLEND_BLUE, CB_BLEND_GREEN, CB_BLEND_ALPHA
+        new(0u, 59u, 0xEF550356u, [new(0x1E0u, 0x20010001u)]), // CB_BLEND0_CONTROL
+        new(0u, 60u, 0x8F52E279u, [new(0x020u, 0x00000000u), new(0x021u, 0x00000000u)]), // TA_BC_BASE_ADDR, TA_BC_BASE_ADDR_HI
+        new(0u, 61u, 0x1F2D8149u, [new(0x084u, 0x00000000u), new(0x085u, 0x20002000u)]), // PA_SC_CLIPRECT_0_TL, PA_SC_CLIPRECT_0_BR
+        new(0u, 62u, 0x853D0614u, [new(0x800003FFu, 0x00000000u)]), // CX_NOP
+        new(0u, 63u, 0x4413C6F9u, [new(0x008u, 0x00000000u), new(0x009u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_DEPTH_BOUNDS_MIN, DB_DEPTH_BOUNDS_MAX
+        new(0u, 64u, 0x67096014u, [new(0x010u, 0x80000000u), new(0x011u, 0x20000000u), new(0x012u, 0x00000000u), new(0x013u, 0x00000000u), new(0x014u, 0x00000000u), new(0x015u, 0x00000000u), new(0x01Au, 0x00000000u), new(0x01Bu, 0x00000000u), new(0x01Cu, 0x00000000u), new(0x01Du, 0x00000000u), new(0x01Eu, 0x00000000u), new(0x002u, 0x00000000u), new(0x005u, 0x00000000u), new(0x007u, 0x00000000u), new(0x00Bu, 0x00000000u), new(0x00Au, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_Z_INFO, DB_STENCIL_INFO, DB_Z_READ_BASE, DB_STENCIL_READ_BASE, DB_Z_WRITE_BASE, DB_STENCIL_WRITE_BASE, DB_Z_READ_BASE_HI, DB_STENCIL_READ_BASE_HI, DB_Z_WRITE_BASE_HI, DB_STENCIL_WRITE_BASE_HI, DB_HTILE_DATA_BASE_HI, DB_DEPTH_VIEW, DB_HTILE_DATA_BASE, DB_DEPTH_SIZE_XY, DB_DEPTH_CLEAR, DB_STENCIL_CLEAR
+        new(0u, 65u, 0x88F5E915u, [new(0x0EBu, 0xFF00FF00u), new(0x0ECu, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SC_FOV_WINDOW_LR, PA_SC_FOV_WINDOW_TB
+        new(0u, 66u, 0x033F1EFFu, [new(0x800003FCu, 0x00000000u), new(0x800003FDu, 0x00000000u)]), // FSR_RECURSIONS0, FSR_RECURSIONS1
+        new(0u, 67u, 0x918106BBu, [new(0x090u, 0x80000000u), new(0x091u, 0x40004000u)]), // PA_SC_GENERIC_SCISSOR_TL, PA_SC_GENERIC_SCISSOR_BR
+        new(0u, 68u, 0x95F0E7ACu, [new(0x2FAu, 0x4E7E0000u), new(0x2FBu, 0x4E7E0000u), new(0x2FCu, 0x4E7E0000u), new(0x2FDu, 0x4E7E0000u)]), // PA_CL_GB_VERT_CLIP_ADJ, PA_CL_GB_VERT_DISC_ADJ, PA_CL_GB_HORZ_CLIP_ADJ, PA_CL_GB_HORZ_DISC_ADJ
+        new(0u, 69u, 0xB48CBAB2u, [new(0x2E2u, 0x00000000u), new(0x2E3u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SU_POLY_OFFSET_BACK_SCALE, PA_SU_POLY_OFFSET_BACK_OFFSET
+        new(0u, 70u, 0x05BB3BC6u, [new(0x2E0u, 0x00000000u), new(0x2E1u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_SU_POLY_OFFSET_FRONT_SCALE, PA_SU_POLY_OFFSET_FRONT_OFFSET
+        new(0u, 71u, 0x94FABA07u, [new(0x003u, 0x00000000u), new(0x004u, 0x00000000u)]), // DB_RENDER_OVERRIDE, DB_RENDER_OVERRIDE2
+        new(0u, 72u, 0x38E92C91u, [new(0x318u, 0x00000000u), new(0x31Bu, 0x00000000u), new(0x31Cu, 0x00000000u), new(0x31Du, 0x00000000u), new(0x31Eu, 0x00000048u), new(0x31Fu, 0x00000000u), new(0x321u, 0x00000000u), new(0x323u, 0x00000000u), new(0x324u, 0x00000000u), new(0x325u, 0x00000000u), new(0x390u, 0x00000000u), new(0x398u, 0x00000000u), new(0x3A0u, 0x00000000u), new(0x3A8u, 0x00000000u), new(0x3B0u, 0x00000000u), new(0x3B8u, 0x0006C000u)]), // CB_COLOR0_BASE, CB_COLOR0_VIEW, CB_COLOR0_INFO, CB_COLOR0_ATTRIB, CB_COLOR0_DCC_CONTROL, CB_COLOR0_CMASK, CB_COLOR0_FMASK, CB_COLOR0_CLEAR_WORD0, CB_COLOR0_CLEAR_WORD1, CB_COLOR0_DCC_BASE, CB_COLOR0_BASE_EXT, CB_COLOR0_CMASK_BASE_EXT, CB_COLOR0_FMASK_BASE_EXT, CB_COLOR0_DCC_BASE_EXT, CB_COLOR0_ATTRIB2, CB_COLOR0_ATTRIB3
+        new(0u, 73u, 0x0B177B43u, [new(0x00Cu, 0x00000000u), new(0x00Du, 0x40004000u)]), // PA_SC_SCREEN_SCISSOR_TL, PA_SC_SCREEN_SCISSOR_BR
+        new(0u, 74u, 0x48531062u, [new(0x191u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_PS_INPUT_CNTL_0
+        new(0u, 75u, 0xAAA964B9u, [new(0x16Fu, 0x00000000u), new(0x170u, 0x00000000u), new(0x171u, 0x00000000u), new(0x172u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_CL_UCP_0_X, PA_CL_UCP_0_Y, PA_CL_UCP_0_Z, PA_CL_UCP_0_W
+        new(0u, 76u, 0x7690AF6Fu, [new(0x10Fu, 0x4E7E0000u), new(0x111u, 0x4E7E0000u), new(0x113u, 0x4E7E0000u), new(0x110u, 0x00000000u), new(0x112u, 0x00000000u), new(0x114u, 0x00000000u), new(0x094u, 0x80000000u), new(0x095u, 0x40004000u), new(0x0B4u, 0x00000000u), new(0x0B5u, 0x00000000u)]), // PA_CL_VPORT_XSCALE, PA_CL_VPORT_YSCALE, PA_CL_VPORT_ZSCALE, PA_CL_VPORT_XOFFSET, PA_CL_VPORT_YOFFSET, PA_CL_VPORT_ZOFFSET, PA_SC_VPORT_SCISSOR_0_TL, PA_SC_VPORT_SCISSOR_0_BR, PA_SC_VPORT_ZMIN_0, PA_SC_VPORT_ZMAX_0
+        new(0u, 77u, 0x078D7060u, [new(0x081u, 0x80000000u), new(0x082u, 0x40004000u)]), // PA_SC_WINDOW_SCISSOR_TL, PA_SC_WINDOW_SCISSOR_BR
+        // shader register groups
+        new(1u, 0u, 0x5D6E3EC7u, [new(0x212u, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC1
+        new(1u, 1u, 0x57E7079Au, [new(0x213u, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC2
+        new(1u, 2u, 0x7467FAFDu, [new(0x228u, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_PGM_RSRC3
+        new(1u, 3u, 0x9E826B50u, [new(0x215u, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_RESOURCE_LIMITS
+        new(1u, 4u, 0xDC484F18u, [new(0x218u, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_TMPRING_SIZE
+        new(1u, 5u, 0x5DA8BCA3u, [new(0x08Au, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC1_GS
+        new(1u, 6u, 0x5CA726D8u, [new(0x10Au, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC1_HS
+        new(1u, 7u, 0x5DD28360u, [new(0x00Au, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC1_PS
+        new(1u, 8u, 0x57EFA0BEu, [new(0x08Bu, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC2_GS
+        new(1u, 9u, 0x502363D5u, [new(0x10Bu, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC2_HS
+        new(1u, 10u, 0x506D14BDu, [new(0x00Bu, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC2_PS
+        new(1u, 11u, 0xB2609506u, [new(0x224u, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_USER_ACCUM_0
+        new(1u, 12u, 0x9E5CFB8Au, [new(0x107u, 0x00000000u), new(0x087u, 0x00000000u), new(0x007u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC3_HS, SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC3_GS, SPI_SHADER_PGM_RSRC3_PS
+        new(1u, 13u, 0xC918DF3Eu, [new(0x20Cu, 0x00000000u), new(0x20Du, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_PGM_LO, COMPUTE_PGM_HI
+        new(1u, 14u, 0xC9751C9Cu, [new(0x0C8u, 0x00000000u), new(0x0C9u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_LO_ES, SPI_SHADER_PGM_HI_ES
+        new(1u, 15u, 0xC97EF77Au, [new(0x088u, 0x00000000u), new(0x089u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_LO_GS, SPI_SHADER_PGM_HI_GS
+        new(1u, 16u, 0xC927C6B9u, [new(0x108u, 0x00000000u), new(0x109u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_LO_HS, SPI_SHADER_PGM_HI_HS
+        new(1u, 17u, 0xC92A1EC5u, [new(0x148u, 0x00000000u), new(0x149u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_LO_LS, SPI_SHADER_PGM_HI_LS
+        new(1u, 18u, 0xC9E01B31u, [new(0x008u, 0x00000000u), new(0x009u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_PGM_LO_PS, SPI_SHADER_PGM_HI_PS
+        new(1u, 19u, 0x50685F29u, [new(0x800002FFu, 0x00000000u)]), // SH_NOP
+        new(1u, 20u, 0xB26219CAu, [new(0x0B2u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_ACCUM_ESGS_0
+        new(1u, 21u, 0xB25B6CF9u, [new(0x132u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_ACCUM_LSHS_0
+        new(1u, 22u, 0xB2F86101u, [new(0x032u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_ACCUM_PS_0
+        new(1u, 23u, 0x07E3B155u, [new(0x082u, 0x00000000u), new(0x083u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_ADDR_LO_GS, SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_ADDR_HI_GS
+        new(1u, 24u, 0x07E383C6u, [new(0x102u, 0x00000000u), new(0x103u, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_ADDR_LO_HS, SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_ADDR_HI_HS
+        new(1u, 25u, 0xBDA98653u, [new(0x240u, 0x00000000u)]), // COMPUTE_USER_DATA_0
+        new(1u, 26u, 0xBDBD1D0Fu, [new(0x08Cu, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_GS_0
+        new(1u, 27u, 0xBD946FD4u, [new(0x10Cu, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_HS_0
+        new(1u, 28u, 0xBDF02A4Cu, [new(0x00Cu, 0x00000000u)]), // SPI_SHADER_USER_DATA_PS_0
+        // uconfig register groups
+        new(2u, 0u, 0x19E93E85u, [new(0x41Fu, 0x00000000u)]), // GDS_OA_ADDRESS
+        new(2u, 1u, 0x3B5C2AF3u, [new(0x41Du, 0x00000000u)]), // GDS_OA_CNTL
+        new(2u, 2u, 0x47974A35u, [new(0x41Eu, 0x00000000u)]), // GDS_OA_COUNTER
+        new(2u, 3u, 0x105971C2u, [new(0x25Bu, 0x00000000u)]), // GE_CNTL
+        new(2u, 4u, 0x7D137765u, [new(0x24Au, 0x00000000u)]), // GE_INDX_OFFSET
+        new(2u, 5u, 0xD187FEBCu, [new(0x24Bu, 0x00000000u)]), // GE_MULTI_PRIM_IB_RESET_EN
+        new(2u, 6u, 0x12F854ACu, [new(0x25Fu, 0x00000000u)]), // GE_STEREO_CNTL
+        new(2u, 7u, 0x40D49AD1u, [new(0x262u, 0x00000000u)]), // GE_USER_VGPR_EN
+        new(2u, 8u, 0x8C0923DAu, [new(0x80003FF4u, 0x00000000u)]), // FSR_EXTEND_SUBPIXEL_ROUNDING
+        new(2u, 9u, 0xBB8DF494u, [new(0x80003FFDu, 0x00000000u)]), // TEXTURE_GRADIENT_CONTROL
+        new(2u, 10u, 0xF6D8A76Eu, [new(0x382u, 0x40000040u)]), // TEXTURE_GRADIENT_FACTORS
+        new(2u, 11u, 0x7620F1E9u, [new(0x248u, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_OBJECT_ID
+        new(2u, 12u, 0x9EBFAB10u, [new(0x242u, 0x00000000u)]), // VGT_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+        new(2u, 13u, 0x98A09D0Eu, [new(0x380u, 0x00000000u), new(0x381u, 0x00000000u)]), // TA_CS_BC_BASE_ADDR, TA_CS_BC_BASE_ADDR_HI
+        new(2u, 14u, 0x195D37D2u, [new(0x80003FF5u, 0x00000000u), new(0x80003FF6u, 0x00000000u)]), // FSR_ALPHA_VALUE0, FSR_ALPHA_VALUE1
+        new(2u, 15u, 0xF9EC4F85u, [new(0x80003FF7u, 0x00000000u), new(0x80003FF8u, 0x00000000u), new(0x80003FF9u, 0x00000000u), new(0x80003FFAu, 0x00000000u)]), // FSR_CONTROL_POINT0, FSR_CONTROL_POINT1, FSR_CONTROL_POINT2, FSR_CONTROL_POINT3
+        new(2u, 16u, 0x4626B750u, [new(0x80003FFBu, 0x00000000u), new(0x80003FFCu, 0x00000000u)]), // FSR_WINDOW0, FSR_WINDOW1
+        new(2u, 17u, 0x4CC673A0u, [new(0x80003FFEu, 0x00000000u)]), // MEMORY_MAPPING_MASK
+        new(2u, 18u, 0xDE5B3431u, [new(0x80003FFFu, 0x00000000u)]), // UC_NOP
+        new(2u, 19u, 0x036AC8A6u, [new(0x25Cu, 0x00000000u)]), // GE_USER_VGPR1
+    ];
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Wires the backend-neutral shader compiler to this assembly's HLE services. The
+/// module initializer runs before any Libs code can invoke the evaluator, so the hook
+/// is always installed first.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class AgcShaderCompilerHooks
+{
+    [ModuleInitializer]
+    [SuppressMessage(
+        "Usage",
+        "CA2255:The 'ModuleInitializer' attribute should not be used in libraries",
+        Justification = "This is the rule's intended advanced scenario: the hook must be " +
+            "installed before any code path can reach the evaluator, and every such path " +
+            "enters through this assembly.")]
+    internal static void Install()
+    {
+        Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.FallbackMemoryReader =
+            KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryReadTrackedLibcHeap;
+        Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.GlobalMemoryPool =
+            VulkanVideoPresenter.GuestDataPool;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Deswizzles RDNA2 (GFX10) tiled texture surfaces into linear layout so they
+/// can be uploaded to Vulkan. PS5 stores most textures in a swizzled layout
+/// selected by the 5-bit SWIZZLE_MODE in the image descriptor; uploading those
+/// bytes verbatim samples as garbage.
+///
+/// The GFX10 addressing uses power-of-two swizzle blocks (256 B / 4 KiB /
+/// 64 KiB) whose internal element order follows the standard (S), display (D),
+/// render (R), or z-order/depth (Z) equations. This implements the exact base
+/// S and Z 2D single-sample modes plus the PS5's RB+ 64 KiB Z_X/R_X equations;
+/// other D/R and pipe/bank-XOR modes stay opt-in while their complete AddrLib
+/// equations are being ported.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class GnmTiling
+{
+    // Oberon uses the 16-pipe / 8-pixel-packer RB+ topology. These are the
+    // single-sample 64 KiB equations generated by AMD AddrLib for that exact
+    // topology. Each entry describes one address bit as an XOR of X/Y bits.
+    private readonly record struct AddressBit(uint XMask, uint YMask);
+
+    private static readonly AddressBit[][] RbPlus64KRenderX =
+    [
+        // 1 byte/element: nibble01=0, nibble2=307, nibble3=379.
+        [X(0), X(1), X(2), X(3), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), Y(3),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         X(6), Y(6), XY(7, 8), XY(8, 7)],
+        // 2 bytes/element: nibble01=1, nibble2=307, nibble3=389.
+        [Zero, X(0), X(1), X(2), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), X(3),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         Y(3), X(6), XY(7, 7), XY(8, 6)],
+        // 4 bytes/element: nibble01=39, nibble2=307, nibble3=381.
+        [Zero, Zero, X(0), X(1), Y(0), Y(1), X(2), Y(2),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         X(3), Y(3), XY(6, 7), XY(7, 6)],
+        // 8 bytes/element: nibble01=6, nibble2=307, nibble3=382.
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, X(0), Y(0), X(1), X(2), Y(1),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         Y(2), X(3), XY(7, 3), XY(6, 6)],
+        // 16 bytes/element: nibble01=7, nibble2=307, nibble3=390.
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, Zero, X(0), Y(0), X(1), Y(1),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         X(2), Y(2), XY(6, 3), XY(3, 6)],
+    ];
+
+    private static readonly AddressBit[][] RbPlus64KDepthX =
+    [
+        // 1 byte/element: nibble01=8, nibble2=306, nibble3=379.
+        [X(0), Y(0), X(1), Y(1), X(2), Y(2), X(3), Y(3),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         X(6), Y(6), XY(7, 8), XY(8, 7)],
+        // 2 bytes/element: nibble01=9, nibble2=306, nibble3=389.
+        [Zero, X(0), Y(0), X(1), Y(1), X(2), Y(2), X(3),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         Y(3), X(6), XY(7, 7), XY(8, 6)],
+        // 4 bytes/element: nibble01=10, nibble2=306, nibble3=381.
+        [Zero, Zero, X(0), Y(0), X(1), Y(1), X(2), Y(2),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         X(3), Y(3), XY(6, 7), XY(7, 6)],
+        // 8 bytes/element: nibble01=11, nibble2=307, nibble3=382.
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, X(0), Y(0), X(1), Y(1), X(2),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         Y(2), X(3), XY(7, 3), XY(6, 6)],
+        // 16 bytes/element is identical to R_X for a 2D single-sample image.
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, Zero, X(0), Y(0), X(1), Y(1),
+         XY(7, 4, 7), XY(4, 4), XY(6, 5), XY(5, 6),
+         X(2), Y(2), XY(6, 3), XY(3, 6)],
+    ];
+
+    private static readonly AddressBit[][] RbPlus64KStandard =
+    [
+        // GFX10_SW_64K_S_RBPLUS_PATINFO, 1 byte/element.
+        [X(0), X(1), X(2), X(3), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), Y(3),
+         Y(4), X(4), Y(5), X(5), Y(6), X(6), Y(7), X(7)],
+        // 2 bytes/element.
+        [Zero, X(0), X(1), X(2), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), X(3),
+         Y(3), X(4), Y(4), X(5), Y(5), X(6), Y(6), X(7)],
+        // 4 bytes/element.
+        [Zero, Zero, X(0), X(1), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), X(2),
+         Y(3), X(3), Y(4), X(4), Y(5), X(5), Y(6), X(6)],
+        // 8 bytes/element (also BC1/BC4 compressed blocks).
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, X(0), Y(0), Y(1), X(1), X(2),
+         Y(2), X(3), Y(3), X(4), Y(4), X(5), Y(5), X(6)],
+        // 16 bytes/element (also 16-byte BC compressed blocks).
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, Zero, Y(0), Y(1), X(0), X(1),
+         Y(2), X(2), Y(3), X(3), Y(4), X(4), Y(5), X(5)],
+    ];
+
+    // GFX10 4K_S has a separate 12-bit micro-tile equation. It is not the
+    // generic x/y interleave used by the 64K standard block; using that larger
+    // equation leaves a regular grid in linearized atlases.
+    private static readonly AddressBit[][] Standard4K =
+    [
+        [X(0), X(1), X(2), X(3), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), Y(3),
+         Y(4), X(4), Y(5), X(5)],
+        [Zero, X(0), X(1), X(2), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), X(3),
+         Y(3), X(4), Y(4), X(5)],
+        [Zero, Zero, X(0), X(1), Y(0), Y(1), Y(2), X(2),
+         Y(3), X(3), Y(4), X(4)],
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, X(0), Y(0), Y(1), X(1), X(2),
+         Y(2), X(3), Y(3), X(4)],
+        [Zero, Zero, Zero, Zero, Y(0), Y(1), X(0), X(1),
+         Y(2), X(2), Y(3), X(3)],
+    ];
+
+    private static readonly bool _enabled = string.Equals(
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DETILE"),
+        "1",
+        StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    private static readonly bool _disabled = string.Equals(
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DETILE"),
+        "0",
+        StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    private static readonly HashSet<uint> _reportedModes = new();
+
+    public static bool Enabled => _enabled || !_disabled;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Base S/Z modes and the Oberon RB+ 64 KiB Z_X/R_X modes for which this
+    /// implementation carries the exact AddrLib address equations. Other
+    /// bank/pipe-XOR variants remain opt-in.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool IsTrustedByDefault(uint swizzleMode) =>
+        // Exact base S/Z modes. D/R use different GFX10 swizzle equations and
+        // the T/X modes additionally apply pipe/bank XOR between blocks.
+        swizzleMode is 1 or 4 or 5 or 8 or 9 or 24 or 27;
+
+    // Detile a surface when it is verified-correct by default (trusted base mode),
+    // or when the user opts the approximate modes in with SHARPEMU_DETILE=1.
+    // SHARPEMU_DETILE=0 forces the old raw-upload behavior for everything.
+    private static bool ShouldDetile(uint swizzleMode) =>
+        swizzleMode != 0 && !_disabled && (_enabled || IsTrustedByDefault(swizzleMode));
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True when a surface with the given swizzle mode needs deswizzling.
+    /// Mode 0 is linear and never needs it.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool NeedsDetile(uint swizzleMode) => ShouldDetile(swizzleMode);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the physical byte span occupied by a tiled mip. GNM allocates whole
+    /// swizzle blocks even when the logical image is much smaller than a block;
+    /// reading only the logical texel count truncates most source offsets during
+    /// detiling (a 64x64 BC1 mode-9 image is 2 KiB logically but occupies one
+    /// 64 KiB swizzle block).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool TryGetTiledByteCount(
+        uint swizzleMode,
+        int elementsWide,
+        int elementsHigh,
+        int bytesPerElement,
+        out ulong byteCount)
+    {
+        byteCount = 0;
+        if (!ShouldDetile(swizzleMode) ||
+            elementsWide <= 0 ||
+            elementsHigh <= 0 ||
+            bytesPerElement <= 0 ||
+            !TryGetSwizzleKind(swizzleMode, out _, out var blockBytes))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var bppLog2 = BitLog2((uint)bytesPerElement);
+        if (bppLog2 < 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var blockElements = blockBytes >> bppLog2;
+        var (blockWidth, blockHeight) = SquareBlockDimensions(blockElements);
+        if (blockWidth == 0 || blockHeight == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var blocksWide = ((ulong)elementsWide + (ulong)blockWidth - 1) / (ulong)blockWidth;
+        var blocksHigh = ((ulong)elementsHigh + (ulong)blockHeight - 1) / (ulong)blockHeight;
+        try
+        {
+            byteCount = checked(blocksWide * blocksHigh * (ulong)blockBytes);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (OverflowException)
+        {
+            byteCount = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Deswizzles <paramref name="tiled"/> into linear row-major order.
+    /// Elements are pixels for uncompressed formats and 4x4 blocks for
+    /// block-compressed formats, so callers pass the element grid dimensions
+    /// and the bytes per element. Returns false (leaving output untouched) for
+    /// unsupported swizzle modes so the caller can fall back to the raw bytes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool TryDetile(
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> tiled,
+        Span<byte> linear,
+        uint swizzleMode,
+        int elementsWide,
+        int elementsHigh,
+        int bytesPerElement)
+    {
+        if (!ShouldDetile(swizzleMode) || elementsWide <= 0 || elementsHigh <= 0 || bytesPerElement <= 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!TryGetSwizzleKind(swizzleMode, out var kind, out var blockBytes))
+        {
+            ReportUnsupported(swizzleMode);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var bppLog2 = BitLog2((uint)bytesPerElement);
+        if (bppLog2 < 0)
+        {
+            // Non-power-of-two element size (e.g. 24-bit) is not swizzled in a
+            // way this equation models.
+            ReportUnsupported(swizzleMode);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Block dimensions in elements: a swizzle block holds blockBytes bytes,
+        // laid out as a square-ish power-of-two element grid scaled by bpp.
+        var blockElements = blockBytes >> bppLog2;
+        var (blockWidth, blockHeight) = SquareBlockDimensions(blockElements);
+        if (blockWidth == 0 || blockHeight == 0)
+        {
+            ReportUnsupported(swizzleMode);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var blocksPerRow = (elementsWide + blockWidth - 1) / blockWidth;
+        var requiredLinear = (long)elementsWide * elementsHigh * bytesPerElement;
+        if (linear.Length < requiredLinear)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Precompute the within-block element offset for each (x, y) inside a
+        // single block. The swizzle equation only depends on the in-block
+        // coordinates, so this table is reused for every block — turning the
+        // per-pixel bit-interleave (a loop + calls) into a single array lookup.
+        // Detiling a 2048x2048 texture is millions of elements; without this the
+        // per-pixel math makes DETILE unusably slow during asset streaming.
+        var hasExactXorPattern = TryGetExactXorPattern(swizzleMode, bppLog2, out var xorPattern);
+        var blockTable = hasExactXorPattern ? [] : new int[blockWidth * blockHeight];
+        for (var by = 0; !hasExactXorPattern && by < blockHeight; by++)
+        {
+            for (var bx = 0; bx < blockWidth; bx++)
+            {
+                blockTable[by * blockWidth + bx] = (int)(kind == SwizzleKind.ZOrder
+                    ? MortonInterleave((uint)bx, (uint)by, blockWidth, blockHeight)
+                    : StandardSwizzleOffset((uint)bx, (uint)by, blockWidth, blockHeight));
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (var y = 0; y < elementsHigh; y++)
+        {
+            var blockY = y / blockHeight;
+            var inBlockY = y % blockHeight;
+            var rowBlockBase = (long)blockY * blocksPerRow;
+            var tableRowBase = inBlockY * blockWidth;
+            var destRowBase = (long)y * elementsWide * bytesPerElement;
+            for (var x = 0; x < elementsWide; x++)
+            {
+                var blockX = x / blockWidth;
+                var inBlockX = x % blockWidth;
+
+                var blockIndex = rowBlockBase + blockX;
+                var sourceByte = hasExactXorPattern
+                    ? blockIndex * blockBytes + ComputePatternOffset((uint)x, (uint)y, xorPattern)
+                    : (blockIndex * blockElements + blockTable[tableRowBase + inBlockX]) *
+                      (long)bytesPerElement;
+                var destByte = destRowBase + (long)x * bytesPerElement;
+                if (sourceByte + bytesPerElement > tiled.Length ||
+                    destByte + bytesPerElement > linear.Length)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                tiled.Slice((int)sourceByte, bytesPerElement)
+                    .CopyTo(linear.Slice((int)destByte, bytesPerElement));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private enum SwizzleKind
+    {
+        Standard,
+        ZOrder,
+    }
+
+    private static readonly AddressBit Zero = new(0, 0);
+
+    private static AddressBit X(int bit) => new(1u << bit, 0);
+
+    private static AddressBit Y(int bit) => new(0, 1u << bit);
+
+    private static AddressBit XY(int xBit, int yBit) => new(1u << xBit, 1u << yBit);
+
+    private static AddressBit XY(int xBit, int yBit1, int yBit2) =>
+        new(1u << xBit, (1u << yBit1) | (1u << yBit2));
+
+    private static bool TryGetExactXorPattern(
+        uint swizzleMode,
+        int bytesPerElementLog2,
+        out AddressBit[] pattern)
+    {
+        pattern = [];
+        if ((uint)bytesPerElementLog2 >= RbPlus64KRenderX.Length)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        pattern = swizzleMode switch
+        {
+            5 => Standard4K[bytesPerElementLog2],
+            9 => RbPlus64KStandard[bytesPerElementLog2],
+            24 => RbPlus64KDepthX[bytesPerElementLog2],
+            27 => RbPlus64KRenderX[bytesPerElementLog2],
+            _ => [],
+        };
+        return pattern.Length != 0;
+    }
+
+    private static long ComputePatternOffset(uint x, uint y, AddressBit[] pattern)
+    {
+        uint offset = 0;
+        for (var bit = 0; bit < pattern.Length; bit++)
+        {
+            var equation = pattern[bit];
+            var parity = (System.Numerics.BitOperations.PopCount(x & equation.XMask) +
+                          System.Numerics.BitOperations.PopCount(y & equation.YMask)) & 1;
+            offset |= (uint)parity << bit;
+        }
+
+        return offset;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryGetSwizzleKind(uint swizzleMode, out SwizzleKind kind, out int blockBytes)
+    {
+        // GFX10 AddrLib SWIZZLE_MODE enumeration:
+        //   1-3   = 256 B S/D/R
+        //   4-7   = 4 KiB Z/S/D/R
+        //   8-11  = 64 KiB Z/S/D/R
+        //   16-19 = 64 KiB Z/S/D/R _T
+        //   20-23 = 4 KiB Z/S/D/R _X
+        //   24-27 = 64 KiB Z/S/D/R _X
+        // The pipe/bank XOR (_T/_X) affects which block a given tile lands in,
+        // but the *within-block* element order matches the base S/Z equation,
+        // which is what dominates visible correctness. We model the block
+        // interior and treat blocks as linear-ordered.
+        kind = SwizzleKind.Standard;
+        blockBytes = 0;
+        switch (swizzleMode)
+        {
+            case 4: case 8: case 16: case 20: case 24:
+                kind = SwizzleKind.ZOrder;
+                break;
+            case 1: case 2: case 3:
+            case 5: case 6: case 7:
+            case 9: case 10: case 11:
+            case 17: case 18: case 19:
+            case 21: case 22: case 23:
+            case 25: case 26: case 27:
+                kind = SwizzleKind.Standard;
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        blockBytes = swizzleMode switch
+        {
+            >= 1 and <= 3 => 256,
+            >= 4 and <= 7 => 4096,
+            >= 20 and <= 23 => 4096,
+            _ => 65536,
+        };
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Standard (S) 2D swizzle: within a block, the element order interleaves x
+    // and y bits with x taking the low bit — the AMD "standard" microtile.
+    private static long StandardSwizzleOffset(uint x, uint y, int blockWidth, int blockHeight)
+    {
+        var widthBits = BitLog2((uint)blockWidth);
+        var heightBits = BitLog2((uint)blockHeight);
+        long offset = 0;
+        var outBit = 0;
+        var xi = 0;
+        var yi = 0;
+        while (xi < widthBits || yi < heightBits)
+        {
+            if (xi < widthBits)
+            {
+                offset |= (long)((x >> xi) & 1u) << outBit++;
+                xi++;
+            }
+
+            if (yi < heightBits)
+            {
+                offset |= (long)((y >> yi) & 1u) << outBit++;
+                yi++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return offset;
+    }
+
+    // Z-order (Morton) swizzle: pure bit interleave, y taking the low bit.
+    private static long MortonInterleave(uint x, uint y, int blockWidth, int blockHeight)
+    {
+        var widthBits = BitLog2((uint)blockWidth);
+        var heightBits = BitLog2((uint)blockHeight);
+        long offset = 0;
+        var outBit = 0;
+        var xi = 0;
+        var yi = 0;
+        while (xi < widthBits || yi < heightBits)
+        {
+            if (yi < heightBits)
+            {
+                offset |= (long)((y >> yi) & 1u) << outBit++;
+                yi++;
+            }
+
+            if (xi < widthBits)
+            {
+                offset |= (long)((x >> xi) & 1u) << outBit++;
+                xi++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return offset;
+    }
+
+    private static (int Width, int Height) SquareBlockDimensions(int blockElements)
+    {
+        if (blockElements <= 0 || (blockElements & (blockElements - 1)) != 0)
+        {
+            return (0, 0);
+        }
+
+        var totalBits = BitLog2((uint)blockElements);
+        // Split as evenly as possible with width >= height (x gets the extra bit).
+        var widthBits = (totalBits + 1) / 2;
+        var heightBits = totalBits - widthBits;
+        return (1 << widthBits, 1 << heightBits);
+    }
+
+    private static int BitLog2(uint value)
+    {
+        if (value == 0 || (value & (value - 1)) != 0)
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        return System.Numerics.BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(value);
+    }
+
+    private static void ReportUnsupported(uint swizzleMode)
+    {
+        lock (_reportedModes)
+        {
+            if (!_reportedModes.Add(swizzleMode))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][WARN] GNM detile: unsupported swizzle mode {swizzleMode}; texture uploaded linear.");
+    }
+}
@@ -3,10 +3,17 @@

 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;

-// Holds DCBs whose parsing was suspended on an unsatisfied WAIT_REG_MEM condition.
-// AgcExports re-checks every waiter against guest memory on each submit and resumes
-// the ones whose condition became true (labels are advanced by ReleaseMem/WriteData/
-// DmaData packets or by direct CPU writes).
+/// <summary>
+/// Holds DCBs whose parsing was suspended on an unsatisfied WAIT_REG_MEM
+/// condition. AgcExports re-checks every waiter against guest memory on each
+/// submit and resumes the ones whose condition became true (labels are advanced
+/// by ReleaseMem / WriteData / DmaData packets, or by direct CPU writes).
+///
+/// This preserves cross-submit ordering: the work that follows a wait inside a
+/// DCB is only queued once the awaited completion label is genuinely written,
+/// instead of being force-satisfied at parse time and running ahead of the
+/// compute/graphics work it depends on (which produced a black composite).
+/// </summary>
 internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
 {
    public struct WaitingDcb
@@ -19,13 +26,56 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
        public ulong ReferenceValue;
        public ulong Mask;
        public uint CompareFunction;
+        public uint ControlValue;
        public bool Is64Bit;
+        public bool IsStandard;
+        public object? Memory;
+        public string? QueueName;
+        public ulong SubmissionId;
+        // Stopwatch timestamp captured at registration. Stale waiters remain
+        // registered; this only controls one-shot diagnostics.
+        public long RegisteredTicks;
+        public bool StaleReported;
        public object? State;
    }

    private static readonly object _gate = new();
    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, List<WaitingDcb>> _waiters = new();

+    public static int Count
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                var total = 0;
+                foreach (var (_, list) in _waiters)
+                {
+                    total += list.Count;
+                }
+
+                return total;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int CountForMemory(object memory)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            var total = 0;
+            foreach (var (_, list) in _waiters)
+            {
+                foreach (var waiter in list)
+                {
+                    total += ReferenceEquals(waiter.Memory, memory) ? 1 : 0;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return total;
+        }
+    }
+
    public static void Register(ulong address, WaitingDcb waiter)
    {
        waiter.WaitAddress = address;
@@ -41,9 +91,15 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
        }
    }

-    // Re-evaluates every registered waiter. readValue receives (address, is64Bit) and
-    // returns null when the memory is unreadable; such waiters are kept registered.
-    public static List<WaitingDcb>? CollectSatisfied(Func<ulong, bool, ulong?> readValue)
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Re-evaluates every registered waiter. <paramref name="readValue"/>
+    /// receives (address, is64Bit) and returns null when the memory is
+    /// unreadable; such waiters are kept registered. Returns the waiters whose
+    /// condition is now satisfied (removed from the registry), or null.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static List<WaitingDcb>? CollectSatisfied(
+        object memory,
+        Func<ulong, bool, ulong?> readValue)
    {
        List<WaitingDcb>? woken = null;
        lock (_gate)
@@ -53,6 +109,11 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
            {
                for (var i = list.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                {
+                    if (!ReferenceEquals(list[i].Memory, memory))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
                    var value = readValue(address, list[i].Is64Bit);
                    if (value is null || !Compare(list[i], value.Value))
                    {
@@ -71,7 +132,7 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
                }
            }

-            if (emptied != null)
+            if (emptied is not null)
            {
                foreach (var address in emptied)
                {
@@ -83,20 +144,122 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
        return woken;
    }

+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns waiters that have remained unsatisfied longer than
+    /// <paramref name="maxAgeTicks"/> exactly once, without removing them or
+    /// changing their labels. Missing GPU work must fail closed: advancing a
+    /// command buffer without its real producer corrupts cross-queue ordering.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static List<WaitingDcb>? CollectUnreportedStale(
+        object memory,
+        long nowTicks,
+        long maxAgeTicks)
+    {
+        List<WaitingDcb>? stale = null;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            foreach (var (_, list) in _waiters)
+            {
+                for (var i = list.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+                    var waiter = list[i];
+                    if (!ReferenceEquals(waiter.Memory, memory) ||
+                        waiter.StaleReported ||
+                        nowTicks - waiter.RegisteredTicks < maxAgeTicks)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    stale ??= new List<WaitingDcb>();
+                    waiter.StaleReported = true;
+                    list[i] = waiter;
+                    stale.Add(waiter);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return stale;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns watched labels overlapped by a newly discovered producer. Used
+    /// only for diagnostics; producer completion still wakes through the
+    /// normal CollectSatisfied path after the ordered memory write executes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static List<(ulong Address, int Count)> SnapshotInRange(
+        object memory,
+        ulong start,
+        ulong length)
+    {
+        var matches = new List<(ulong Address, int Count)>();
+        if (length == 0)
+        {
+            return matches;
+        }
+
+        var end = start > ulong.MaxValue - length ? ulong.MaxValue : start + length;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            foreach (var (address, list) in _waiters)
+            {
+                var matchingCount = 0;
+                var any64Bit = false;
+                foreach (var waiter in list)
+                {
+                    if (!ReferenceEquals(waiter.Memory, memory))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    matchingCount++;
+                    any64Bit |= waiter.Is64Bit;
+                }
+
+                if (matchingCount == 0)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var width = any64Bit
+                    ? sizeof(ulong)
+                    : sizeof(uint);
+                var waitEnd = address > ulong.MaxValue - (ulong)width
+                    ? ulong.MaxValue
+                    : address + (ulong)width;
+                if (start < waitEnd && address < end)
+                {
+                    matches.Add((address, matchingCount));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return matches;
+    }
+
    public static bool Compare(in WaitingDcb waiter, ulong value)
    {
        var masked = value & waiter.Mask;
+        var reference = waiter.ReferenceValue & waiter.Mask;
        return waiter.CompareFunction switch
        {
-            1 => masked < waiter.ReferenceValue,
-            2 => masked <= waiter.ReferenceValue,
-            3 => masked == waiter.ReferenceValue,
-            4 => masked != waiter.ReferenceValue,
-            5 => masked >= waiter.ReferenceValue,
-            6 => masked > waiter.ReferenceValue,
-            // 0 is "always" in the PM4 encoding and 7 is reserved; treating both as
-            // satisfied keeps a malformed packet from suspending its DCB forever.
+            0 => true,
+            1 => masked < reference,
+            2 => masked <= reference,
+            3 => masked == reference,
+            4 => masked != reference,
+            5 => masked >= reference,
+            6 => masked > reference,
+            // 7 is reserved; treating it as satisfied keeps a malformed packet
+            // from suspending forever.
            _ => true,
        };
    }
+
+    public static void Clear()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _waiters.Clear();
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -7,31 +7,11 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Ajm;

 public static class AjmExports
 {
-    private const int OrbisAjmErrorInvalidParameter = unchecked((int)0x80930005);
-    private static int _nextContextId;
-
    [SysAbiExport(
        Nid = "dl+4eHSzUu4",
        ExportName = "sceAjmInitialize",
        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
        LibraryName = "libSceAjm")]
-    public static int Initialize(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var reserved = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var outContextAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-
-        // AJM requires a zero reserved argument.
-        if (reserved != 0 || outContextAddress == 0)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisAjmErrorInvalidParameter);
-        }
-
-        var contextId = unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextContextId));
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outContextAddress, contextId))
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisAjmErrorInvalidParameter);
-        }
-
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
-    }
+    public static int Initialize(CpuContext ctx) =>
+        SharpEmu.Libs.Audio.AjmExports.AjmInitialize(ctx);
 }
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
        public ulong Buffer;
        public ulong Size;
        public ulong WriteOffset;
+        public ulong CommandCount;
    }

    private sealed class CachedHostFile
@@ -267,53 +268,19 @@ public static class AmprExports
            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
        }

-        ulong bytesRead = 0;
-
-        // Unregistered/missing files are zero-filled instead of failing: games queue
-        // speculative reads and only consume the bytes on success paths.
-        if (!AmprFileRegistry.TryGetHostPath(fileId, out var hostPath) || !File.Exists(hostPath))
+        if (!AmprFileRegistry.TryGetHostPath(fileId, out var hostPath))
        {
-            if (destination != 0 && size > 0)
-            {
-                int chunkSize = (int)Math.Min(size, 4096);
-                Span<byte> zeros = stackalloc byte[chunkSize];
-                zeros.Clear();
-                while (bytesRead < size)
-                {
-                    int currentChunk = (int)Math.Min((ulong)chunkSize, size - bytesRead);
-                    if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(destination + bytesRead, zeros[..currentChunk]))
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    bytesRead += (ulong)currentChunk;
-                }
-            }
-
-            TraceAmprRead(ctx, commandBuffer, fileId, destination, size, fileOffset, bytesRead, "(missing)", (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+            TraceAmprRead(ctx, commandBuffer, fileId, destination, size, fileOffset, bytesRead: 0, hostPath, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
        }

-        // Offset -1 means "continue after the previous read of this file id".
-        if (fileOffset == unchecked((ulong)(long)-1))
-        {
-            fileOffset = PakDirectoryTracker.ResolveSequentialOffset(fileId, size);
-        }
-        else if (fileOffset > long.MaxValue)
-        {
-            fileOffset = 0;
-        }
-
-        var result = TryReadFileToGuestMemory(ctx, hostPath, fileOffset, destination, size, out bytesRead);
+        var result = TryReadFileToGuestMemory(ctx, hostPath, fileOffset, destination, size, out var bytesRead);
        if (result != (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
        {
            TraceAmprRead(ctx, commandBuffer, fileId, destination, size, fileOffset, bytesRead, hostPath, result);
            return result;
        }

-        PakDirectoryTracker.OnReadCompleted(ctx, fileId, destination, fileOffset, bytesRead);
-
        if (!AppendReadFileRecord(ctx, commandBuffer, fileId, destination, size, fileOffset, bytesRead))
        {
            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
@@ -418,6 +385,35 @@ public static class AmprExports
        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
    }

+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "gzndltBEzWc",
+        ExportName = "sceAmprCommandBufferGetNumCommands",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAmpr")]
+    public static int CommandBufferGetNumCommands(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var commandBuffer = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        if (commandBuffer == 0)
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+
+        if (!TryGetCommandBufferState(ctx, commandBuffer, out _, out _, out var state) || state is null)
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
+        }
+
+        ulong commandCount;
+        lock (state)
+        {
+            commandCount = state.CommandCount;
+        }
+
+        TraceAmpr(ctx, "get_num_commands", commandBuffer, commandCount, 0);
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = commandCount;
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+    }
+
    [SysAbiExport(
        Nid = "H896Pt-yB4I",
        ExportName = "sceAmprCommandBufferWriteKernelEventQueue_04_00",
@@ -533,7 +529,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
        var offset = 0UL;
        while (offset < writeOffset)
        {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(buffer + offset, out var recordType))
+            if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, buffer + offset, out var recordType))
            {
                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
            }
@@ -649,6 +645,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
            state.Buffer = buffer;
            state.Size = size;
            state.WriteOffset = writeOffset;
+            state.CommandCount = 0;
        }
    }

@@ -681,6 +678,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
                state.Buffer = buffer;
                state.Size = size;
                state.WriteOffset = 0;
+                state.CommandCount = 0;
            }

            return true;
@@ -911,6 +909,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
            }

            state.WriteOffset += recordSize;
+            state.CommandCount++;
        }

        return true;
@@ -963,6 +962,19 @@ public static class AmprExports
        return true;
    }

+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
    private static void TraceAmpr(CpuContext ctx, string operation, ulong commandBuffer, ulong arg0, ulong arg1)
    {
        if (!_traceAmpr)
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Audio;
+
+public static class AjmExports
+{
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<uint, byte> Contexts = new();
+    private static int _nextContextId;
+    public static int AjmInitialize(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var reserved = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var outputAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        if (reserved != 0 || outputAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return unchecked((int)0x806A0001);
+        }
+
+        var contextId = unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextContextId));
+        Span<byte> value = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(value, contextId);
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(outputAddress, value))
+        {
+            return unchecked((int)0x806A0001);
+        }
+
+        Contexts[contextId] = 0;
+        if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AJM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][TRACE] ajm.initialize reserved={reserved} out=0x{outputAddress:X16} context={contextId}");
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "MHur6qCsUus",
+        ExportName = "sceAjmFinalize",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAjm")]
+    public static int AjmFinalize(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        Contexts.TryRemove(unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]), out _);
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "Q3dyFuwGn64",
+        ExportName = "sceAjmModuleRegister",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAjm")]
+    public static int AjmModuleRegister(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var contextId = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
+        var codecType = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
+        var reserved = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        if (reserved != 0 || !Contexts.ContainsKey(contextId))
+        {
+            return unchecked((int)0x806A0001);
+        }
+
+        if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AJM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][TRACE] ajm.module_register context={contextId} codec={codecType} reserved={reserved}");
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "Wi7DtlLV+KI",
+        ExportName = "sceAjmModuleUnregister",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAjm")]
+    public static int AjmModuleUnregister(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "MmpF1XsQiHw",
+        ExportName = "sceAjmBatchInitialize",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAjm")]
+    public static int AjmBatchInitialize(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        // The caller owns and initializes the batch storage. This API resets
+        // its submission cursor on hardware; FMOD does not consume a return
+        // value or an additional output object here.
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
@@ -3,22 +3,70 @@

 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Threading;

 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Audio;

 public static class AudioOut2Exports
 {
-    // Sized from guest evidence, not SDK headers: Quake keeps its
-    // SceAudioOut2ContextParam on the stack with the frame canary at param+0x60,
-    // and an earlier 0x80-byte ResetParam write zeroed that canary
-    // (__stack_chk_fail right after sceAudioOut2UserCreate, which silently killed
-    // the whole audio init). Stay well below 0x60 and only write the prefix we
-    // populate.
-    private const int AudioOut2ContextParamSize = 0x30;
+    // FMOD's PS5 backend allocates this ABI structure as four 16-byte lanes.
+    // Clearing 0x80 bytes here overwrote the caller's stack canary immediately
+    // following the 0x40-byte parameter block.
+    private const int AudioOut2ContextParamSize = 0x40;
    private const int AudioOut2ContextMemorySize = 0x10000;
+    private const int AudioOut2ContextMemoryAlignment = 0x10000;
    private static long _nextContextHandle = 1;
    private static long _nextUserHandle = 1;
    private static int _nextPortId;
+    private static long _pushTraceCount;
+
+    // Per-context audio parameters captured at ContextCreate so ContextAdvance
+    // can pace to the real playback cadence (grain samples at the sample rate).
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, ContextState> Contexts = new();
+
+    private sealed class ContextState
+    {
+        private readonly object _paceGate = new();
+        private long _nextAdvanceTimestamp;
+
+        public ContextState(uint frequency, uint channels, uint grainSamples)
+        {
+            Frequency = frequency == 0 ? 48000 : frequency;
+            Channels = channels == 0 ? 2 : channels;
+            GrainSamples = grainSamples == 0 ? 256 : grainSamples;
+        }
+
+        public uint Frequency { get; }
+        public uint Channels { get; }
+        public uint GrainSamples { get; }
+
+        // Blocks the advancing thread until one grain worth of wall-clock time
+        // has elapsed since the previous advance, matching hardware timing so
+        // audio-gated titles neither spin nor drift ahead.
+        public void PaceAdvance()
+        {
+            long delay;
+            lock (_paceGate)
+            {
+                var now = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
+                if (_nextAdvanceTimestamp < now)
+                {
+                    _nextAdvanceTimestamp = now;
+                }
+
+                delay = _nextAdvanceTimestamp - now;
+                _nextAdvanceTimestamp += checked(
+                    (long)Math.Ceiling(Stopwatch.Frequency * (double)GrainSamples / Frequency));
+            }
+
+            if (delay > 0)
+            {
+                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds((double)delay / Stopwatch.Frequency));
+            }
+        }
+    }

    [SysAbiExport(
        Nid = "g2tViFIohHE",
@@ -41,7 +89,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        var paramAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
        if (paramAddress == 0)
        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }

        Span<byte> param = stackalloc byte[AudioOut2ContextParamSize];
@@ -52,8 +100,8 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(param[0x0C..], 0x400);

        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(paramAddress, param)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
    }

    [SysAbiExport(
@@ -64,15 +112,22 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
    public static int AudioOut2ContextQueryMemory(CpuContext ctx)
    {
        var paramAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var outMemorySizeAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (paramAddress == 0 || outMemorySizeAddress == 0)
+        var memoryInfoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        if (paramAddress == 0 || memoryInfoAddress == 0)
        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }
-        
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outMemorySizeAddress, AudioOut2ContextMemorySize)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+
+        Span<byte> memoryInfo = stackalloc byte[0x20];
+        memoryInfo.Clear();
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(memoryInfo[0x00..], AudioOut2ContextMemorySize);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(memoryInfo[0x08..], AudioOut2ContextMemoryAlignment);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(memoryInfo[0x10..], AudioOut2ContextMemorySize);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(memoryInfo[0x18..], AudioOut2ContextMemoryAlignment);
+
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(memoryInfoAddress, memoryInfo)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
    }

    [SysAbiExport(
@@ -88,13 +143,34 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        var outContextAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
        if (paramAddress == 0 || memoryAddress == 0 || memorySize == 0 || outContextAddress == 0)
        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+
+        // Read channels/frequency/grain from the reset-param blob so the
+        // context can pace advances to the real audio cadence.
+        uint channels = 2;
+        uint frequency = 48000;
+        uint grain = 256;
+        Span<byte> param = stackalloc byte[AudioOut2ContextParamSize];
+        if (ctx.Memory.TryRead(paramAddress, param))
+        {
+            var pc = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(param[0x04..]);
+            var pf = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(param[0x08..]);
+            var pg = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(param[0x0C..]);
+            if (pc is > 0 and <= 8) channels = pc;
+            if (pf is >= 8000 and <= 192000) frequency = pf;
+            // Values below one cache line are flags/counts in observed PS5
+            // callers, not audio grains. Keep the hardware-sized default.
+            if (pg is >= 64 and <= 0x4000) grain = pg;
+            TraceAudioOut2($"context-param address=0x{paramAddress:X} bytes={Convert.ToHexString(param)}");
        }

        var handle = (ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextContextHandle);
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outContextAddress, handle)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        Contexts[handle] = new ContextState(frequency, channels, grain);
+        TraceAudioOut2($"context-create handle=0x{handle:X} frequency={frequency} channels={channels} grain={grain} memory=0x{memoryAddress:X} size=0x{memorySize:X}");
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outContextAddress, handle)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
    }

    [SysAbiExport(
@@ -102,7 +178,77 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2ContextDestroy",
        Target = Generation.Gen5,
        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
-    public static int AudioOut2ContextDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+    public static int AudioOut2ContextDestroy(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        Contexts.TryRemove(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], out _);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "DxGyV8dtOR8",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2ContextBedWrite",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
+    public static int AudioOut2ContextBedWrite(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "aII9h5nli9U",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2ContextPush",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
+    public static int AudioOut2ContextPush(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var handle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var traceCount = Interlocked.Increment(ref _pushTraceCount);
+        if (traceCount <= 16)
+        {
+            TraceAudioOut2($"context-push count={traceCount} rdi=0x{handle:X} rsi=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]:X} rdx=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]:X} rcx=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx]:X}");
+        }
+
+        if (Contexts.TryGetValue(handle, out var context))
+        {
+            // FMOD's PS5 output path uses ContextPush as the submission clock
+            // and does not call ContextAdvance. Pace pushes to one hardware
+            // grain so the feeder cannot outrun playback and starve the game.
+            context.PaceAdvance();
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "PE2zHMqLSHs",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2ContextAdvance",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
+    public static int AudioOut2ContextAdvance(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        // Advancing renders one grain of audio on hardware; pace it to the same
+        // wall-clock cadence so the guest audio thread runs at the right speed.
+        if (Contexts.TryGetValue(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], out var context))
+        {
+            context.PaceAdvance();
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "R7d0F1g2qsU",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2ContextGetQueueLevel",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
+    public static int AudioOut2ContextGetQueueLevel(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        // The advance path paces synchronously, so the queue is always drained.
+        var levelAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        if (levelAddress != 0)
+        {
+            _ = TryWriteUInt64(ctx, levelAddress, 0);
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }

    [SysAbiExport(
        Nid = "JK2wamZPzwM",
@@ -117,16 +263,23 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        var contextAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
        if (type < 0 || type > 255 || paramAddress == 0 || outPortAddress == 0 || contextAddress == 0)
        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }

        var portId = unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextPortId)) & 0xFF;
        var handle = 0x2000_0000UL | ((ulong)(uint)type << 16) | portId;
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outPortAddress, handle)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outPortAddress, handle)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
    }

+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "8XTArSPyWHk",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2PortSetAttributes",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
+    public static int AudioOut2PortSetAttributes(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+
    [SysAbiExport(
        Nid = "gatEUKG+Ea4",
        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2PortGetState",
@@ -138,7 +291,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        var stateAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
        if (handle == 0 || stateAddress == 0)
        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }

        var type = (int)((handle >> 16) & 0xFF);
@@ -151,8 +304,8 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt16LittleEndian(state[0x04..], -1);

        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(stateAddress, state)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
    }

    [SysAbiExport(
@@ -165,7 +318,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
        if (infoAddress == 0)
        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }

        Span<byte> info = stackalloc byte[0x40];
@@ -175,8 +328,8 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(info[0x08..], 48000);

        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(infoAddress, info)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
    }

    [SysAbiExport(
@@ -184,14 +337,14 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2PortDestroy",
        Target = Generation.Gen5,
        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
-    public static int AudioOut2PortDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+    public static int AudioOut2PortDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);

    [SysAbiExport(
        Nid = "IaZXJ9M79uo",
        ExportName = "sceAudioOut2UserDestroy",
        Target = Generation.Gen5,
        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
-    public static int AudioOut2UserDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+    public static int AudioOut2UserDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);

    [SysAbiExport(
        Nid = "xywYcRB7nbQ",
@@ -202,14 +355,36 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
    {
        var userId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
        var outUserAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if ((userId != 0 && userId != 1 && userId != 1000 && userId != 255) || outUserAddress == 0)
+        if ((userId != 0 && userId != 1 && userId != 1000 && userId != 0x10000000 && userId != 255) ||
+            outUserAddress == 0)
        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }

        var handle = (ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextUserHandle);
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outUserAddress, handle)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outUserAddress, handle)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ulong value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static void TraceAudioOut2(string message)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AUDIO_OUT2"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] audio_out2.{message}");
+        }
    }
 }
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
        public int BytesPerSample { get; }
        public bool IsFloat { get; }
        public IHostAudioStream? Backend { get; }
+        public volatile float Volume = 1.0f;
        public int BufferByteLength =>
            checked((int)BufferLength * Channels * BytesPerSample);

@@ -198,7 +199,8 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
                    checked((int)port.BufferLength),
                    port.Channels,
                    port.BytesPerSample,
-                    port.IsFloat);
+                    port.IsFloat,
+                    port.Volume);
                if (!port.Backend.Submit(output.AsSpan(0, outputLength)))
                {
                    port.PaceSilence();
@@ -225,10 +227,43 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
    public static int AudioOutSetVolume(CpuContext ctx)
    {
        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(
-            Ports.ContainsKey(handle)
-                ? 0
-                : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        var channelFlags = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
+        var volumeArrayAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        if (!Ports.TryGetValue(handle, out var port))
+        {
+            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+
+        const int unityVolume = 32768;
+        var maxVolume = 0;
+        var found = false;
+        if (volumeArrayAddress != 0)
+        {
+            Span<byte> raw = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+            for (var channel = 0; channel < 8; channel++)
+            {
+                if ((channelFlags & (1u << channel)) == 0)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(volumeArrayAddress + (ulong)(channel * sizeof(int)), raw))
+                {
+                    return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                }
+
+                var value = System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(raw);
+                maxVolume = Math.Max(maxVolume, value);
+                found = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found)
+        {
+            port.Volume = Math.Clamp(maxVolume / (float)unityVolume, 0f, 1f);
+        }
+
+        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
    }

    public static void ShutdownAllPorts()
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ internal static class AudioPcmConversion
        int frames,
        int channels,
        int bytesPerSample,
-        bool isFloat)
+        bool isFloat,
+        float volume)
    {
        var sourceFrameSize = checked(channels * bytesPerSample);
        for (var frame = 0; frame < frames; frame++)
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ internal static class AudioPcmConversion
            var right = channels == 1
                ? left
                : ReadSample(sourceFrame, 1, bytesPerSample, isFloat);
+            left = ApplyVolume(left, volume);
+            right = ApplyVolume(right, volume);
            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt16LittleEndian(destination[(frame * OutputFrameSize)..], left);
            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt16LittleEndian(destination[((frame * OutputFrameSize) + 2)..], right);
        }
@@ -49,7 +52,24 @@ internal static class AudioPcmConversion
        }

        var bits = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(sample);
-        var value = Math.Clamp(BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(bits), -1.0f, 1.0f);
-        return checked((short)MathF.Round(value * short.MaxValue));
+        return ConvertFloatSample(BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(bits));
+    }
+
+    private static short ConvertFloatSample(float value)
+    {
+        if (float.IsNaN(value))
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        value = Math.Clamp(value, -1.0f, 1.0f);
+        var scale = value < 0.0f ? 32768.0f : short.MaxValue;
+        return checked((short)MathF.Round(value * scale));
+    }
+
+    private static short ApplyVolume(short sample, float volume)
+    {
+        var scaled = MathF.Round(sample * Math.Clamp(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f));
+        return (short)Math.Clamp(scaled, short.MinValue, short.MaxValue);
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Audio;
+
+public static class FmodCompatExports
+{
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, int> SetOutputCalls = new();
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "uPLTdl3psGk",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libfmod")]
+    public static int FmodSystemSetOutput(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var system = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var output = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
+        var callCount = SetOutputCalls.AddOrUpdate(system, 1, static (_, count) => count + 1);
+        var resetPrematureInit = callCount <= 2;
+        if (resetPrematureInit && system != 0)
+        {
+            Span<byte> zeroByte = stackalloc byte[1];
+            Span<byte> outputBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+            Span<byte> zeroInt = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(outputBytes, output);
+            _ = ctx.Memory.TryWrite(system + 0x08, zeroByte);
+            _ = ctx.Memory.TryWrite(system + 0x116D0, outputBytes);
+            _ = ctx.Memory.TryWrite(system + 0x116D4, zeroInt);
+        }
+
+        if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_FMOD"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][TRACE] fmod.system_set_output system=0x{system:X16} output={output} call={callCount} reset_premature_init={resetPrematureInit} -> 0");
+        }
+
+        // The PS5 FMOD object arrives with its initialized byte set before Unity has
+        // applied the startup output configuration. Preserve those settings while
+        // clearing the premature marker so Studio can execute the real core init.
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Bink;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Optional host-side Bink 2 bridge for games that ship a static Bink player.
+///
+/// The game in that case never imports libSceVideodec, so an HLE video-decoder
+/// export cannot see its movie frames. Kernel file opens identify the active
+/// .bk2 file and the presenter requests BGRA frames from a tiny native adapter.
+/// The adapter is deliberately a separate, user-supplied library: Bink 2 is a
+/// proprietary SDK and SharpEmu must neither bundle it nor depend on its ABI.
+/// </summary>
+internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
+{
+    private const uint MaxDimension = 16384;
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static NativeAdapter? _adapter;
+    private static string? _activePath;
+    private static IntPtr _activeMovie;
+    private static Bink2MovieInfo _activeInfo;
+    private static byte[]? _frameBuffer;
+    private static bool _usingDummyMovie;
+    private static bool _loadAttempted;
+    private static bool _availabilityReported;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns true when the guest should receive a normal "file not found"
+    /// result for a Bink movie. This is the safe default without a decoder:
+    /// games that treat movies as optional fall through to their next state
+    /// rather than submitting an empty Bink GPU texture forever.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static bool ShouldSkipGuestMovie(string hostPath) =>
+        hostPath.EndsWith(".bk2", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+        ResolveMode() == MovieMode.Skip;
+
+    internal static void ObserveGuestMovie(string hostPath)
+    {
+        if (!hostPath.EndsWith(".bk2", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            !File.Exists(hostPath))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(_activePath, hostPath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (ResolveMode() == MovieMode.Dummy)
+            {
+                AttachDummyMovieLocked(hostPath);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var adapter = GetAdapterLocked();
+            if (adapter is null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            CloseActiveLocked();
+            if (!adapter.TryOpen(hostPath, out var movie, out var info))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] Bink2 bridge could not open movie '" +
+                    Path.GetFileName(hostPath) + "'.");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!IsValid(info))
+            {
+                adapter.Close(movie);
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] Bink2 bridge rejected invalid movie dimensions for '" +
+                    Path.GetFileName(hostPath) + "'.");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _activePath = hostPath;
+            _activeMovie = movie;
+            _activeInfo = info;
+            _frameBuffer = GC.AllocateUninitializedArray<byte>(GetFrameBufferLength(info));
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                "[LOADER][INFO] Bink2 bridge attached: " + Path.GetFileName(hostPath) + " " +
+                info.Width + "x" + info.Height + " @ " +
+                info.FramesPerSecondNumerator + "/" + info.FramesPerSecondDenominator + " fps.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static bool TryDecodeNextFrame(
+        out byte[] pixels,
+        out uint width,
+        out uint height)
+    {
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            pixels = [];
+            width = 0;
+            height = 0;
+            if (_adapter is null || _activeMovie == IntPtr.Zero || _frameBuffer is null)
+            {
+                if (_usingDummyMovie && _frameBuffer is not null)
+                {
+                    pixels = _frameBuffer;
+                    width = _activeInfo.Width;
+                    height = _activeInfo.Height;
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            unsafe
+            {
+                fixed (byte* destination = _frameBuffer)
+                {
+                    if (!_adapter.DecodeNextBgra(
+                            _activeMovie,
+                            (IntPtr)destination,
+                            _activeInfo.Width * 4,
+                            (uint)_frameBuffer.Length))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            pixels = _frameBuffer;
+            width = _activeInfo.Width;
+            height = _activeInfo.Height;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsValid(Bink2MovieInfo info) =>
+        info.Width > 0 && info.Height > 0 &&
+        info.Width <= MaxDimension && info.Height <= MaxDimension &&
+        (ulong)info.Width * info.Height * 4 <= int.MaxValue;
+
+    private static int GetFrameBufferLength(Bink2MovieInfo info) =>
+        checked((int)((ulong)info.Width * info.Height * 4));
+
+    private static MovieMode ResolveMode()
+    {
+        var configured = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_BINK_MODE");
+        if (string.Equals(configured, "dummy", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return MovieMode.Dummy;
+        }
+
+        if (string.Equals(configured, "native", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return MovieMode.Native;
+        }
+
+        if (string.Equals(configured, "skip", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return MovieMode.Skip;
+        }
+
+        // With no SDK adapter present, returning "not found" makes optional
+        // cinematics advance. Supplying either an explicit path or the normal
+        // side-by-side adapter enables native playback automatically.
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_BINK2_BRIDGE")) ||
+            EnumerateAdapterCandidates().Any(File.Exists))
+        {
+            return MovieMode.Native;
+        }
+
+        return MovieMode.Skip;
+    }
+
+    private static void AttachDummyMovieLocked(string hostPath)
+    {
+        if (!TryReadBinkInfo(hostPath, out var info) || !IsValid(info))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                "[LOADER][WARN] Bink dummy could not read movie header '" +
+                Path.GetFileName(hostPath) + "'.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        CloseActiveLocked();
+        _activePath = hostPath;
+        _activeInfo = info;
+        _frameBuffer = GC.AllocateUninitializedArray<byte>(GetFrameBufferLength(info));
+        FillDummyFrame(_frameBuffer, info.Width, info.Height);
+        _usingDummyMovie = true;
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            "[LOADER][INFO] Bink dummy attached: " + Path.GetFileName(hostPath) + " " +
+            info.Width + "x" + info.Height + ".");
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadBinkInfo(string path, out Bink2MovieInfo info)
+    {
+        info = default;
+        Span<byte> header = stackalloc byte[32];
+        try
+        {
+            using var stream = File.OpenRead(path);
+            if (stream.Read(header) != header.Length ||
+                !header[..4].SequenceEqual("KB2j"u8))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            info = new Bink2MovieInfo(
+                BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(header.Slice(0x14, 4)),
+                BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(header.Slice(0x18, 4)),
+                BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(header.Slice(0x1C, 4)),
+                1);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (IOException)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void FillDummyFrame(byte[] pixels, uint width, uint height)
+    {
+        for (var y = 0u; y < height; y++)
+        {
+            for (var x = 0u; x < width; x++)
+            {
+                var offset = checked((int)(((ulong)y * width + x) * 4));
+                var band = ((x / 96) + (y / 96)) & 1;
+                pixels[offset] = band == 0 ? (byte)0x28 : (byte)0x18;
+                pixels[offset + 1] = band == 0 ? (byte)0x18 : (byte)0x28;
+                pixels[offset + 2] = 0x10;
+                pixels[offset + 3] = 0xFF;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static NativeAdapter? GetAdapterLocked()
+    {
+        if (_loadAttempted)
+        {
+            return _adapter;
+        }
+
+        _loadAttempted = true;
+        foreach (var candidate in EnumerateAdapterCandidates())
+        {
+            if (!NativeLibrary.TryLoad(candidate, out var library))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (NativeAdapter.TryCreate(library, out var adapter))
+            {
+                _adapter = adapter;
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Bink2 bridge loaded: " + candidate);
+                return adapter;
+            }
+
+            NativeLibrary.Free(library);
+        }
+
+        if (!_availabilityReported)
+        {
+            _availabilityReported = true;
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                "[LOADER][INFO] Bink2 bridge unavailable; install the licensed adapter and set SHARPEMU_BINK2_BRIDGE.");
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static IEnumerable<string> EnumerateAdapterCandidates()
+    {
+        var configured = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_BINK2_BRIDGE");
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configured))
+        {
+            yield return configured;
+        }
+
+        var baseDirectory = AppContext.BaseDirectory;
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            yield return Path.Combine(baseDirectory, "libsharpemu_bink2_bridge.dylib");
+        }
+        else if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            yield return Path.Combine(baseDirectory, "sharpemu_bink2_bridge.dll");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            yield return Path.Combine(baseDirectory, "libsharpemu_bink2_bridge.so");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void CloseActiveLocked()
+    {
+        if (_activeMovie != IntPtr.Zero)
+        {
+            _adapter?.Close(_activeMovie);
+        }
+
+        _activePath = null;
+        _activeMovie = IntPtr.Zero;
+        _activeInfo = default;
+        _frameBuffer = null;
+        _usingDummyMovie = false;
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    private readonly struct Bink2MovieInfo
+    {
+        public readonly uint Width;
+        public readonly uint Height;
+        public readonly uint FramesPerSecondNumerator;
+        public readonly uint FramesPerSecondDenominator;
+
+        internal Bink2MovieInfo(
+            uint width,
+            uint height,
+            uint framesPerSecondNumerator,
+            uint framesPerSecondDenominator)
+        {
+            Width = width;
+            Height = height;
+            FramesPerSecondNumerator = framesPerSecondNumerator;
+            FramesPerSecondDenominator = framesPerSecondDenominator;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private enum MovieMode
+    {
+        Skip,
+        Dummy,
+        Native,
+    }
+
+    private sealed class NativeAdapter
+    {
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate int OpenUtf8Delegate(IntPtr pathUtf8, out IntPtr movie, out Bink2MovieInfo info);
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate int DecodeNextBgraDelegate(IntPtr movie, IntPtr destination, uint stride, uint destinationBytes);
+
+        [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
+        private delegate void CloseDelegate(IntPtr movie);
+
+        private readonly OpenUtf8Delegate _openUtf8;
+        private readonly DecodeNextBgraDelegate _decodeNextBgra;
+        private readonly CloseDelegate _close;
+
+        private NativeAdapter(
+            OpenUtf8Delegate openUtf8,
+            DecodeNextBgraDelegate decodeNextBgra,
+            CloseDelegate close)
+        {
+            _openUtf8 = openUtf8;
+            _decodeNextBgra = decodeNextBgra;
+            _close = close;
+        }
+
+        internal static bool TryCreate(IntPtr library, out NativeAdapter? adapter)
+        {
+            adapter = null;
+            if (!NativeLibrary.TryGetExport(library, "sharpemu_bink2_open_utf8", out var open) ||
+                !NativeLibrary.TryGetExport(library, "sharpemu_bink2_decode_next_bgra", out var decode) ||
+                !NativeLibrary.TryGetExport(library, "sharpemu_bink2_close", out var close))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            adapter = new NativeAdapter(
+                Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<OpenUtf8Delegate>(open),
+                Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<DecodeNextBgraDelegate>(decode),
+                Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<CloseDelegate>(close));
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        internal bool TryOpen(string path, out IntPtr movie, out Bink2MovieInfo info)
+        {
+            var utf8 = Marshal.StringToCoTaskMemUTF8(path);
+            try
+            {
+                return _openUtf8(utf8, out movie, out info) != 0 && movie != IntPtr.Zero;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(utf8);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal bool DecodeNextBgra(IntPtr movie, IntPtr destination, uint stride, uint destinationBytes) =>
+            _decodeNextBgra(movie, destination, stride, destinationBytes) != 0;
+
+        internal void Close(IntPtr movie) => _close(movie);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Codec;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// libSceVideodec / libSceAudiodec handle management. Actual H.264/HEVC and
+/// AAC/AT9 decoding requires an external codec, which is out of scope; these
+/// exports keep the decoder lifecycle resolvable (create/decode/flush/delete)
+/// and report "no output produced" so guests advance instead of failing on
+/// unresolved imports.
+/// </summary>
+public static class CodecExports
+{
+    private const int Ok = 0;
+    private const int VideodecErrorInvalidArg = unchecked((int)0x80620801);
+    private const int AudiodecErrorInvalidArg = unchecked((int)0x807F0002);
+
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, byte> VideoDecoders = new();
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, byte> AudioDecoders = new();
+    private static long _nextHandle = 1;
+
+    // ---- Video decoder ----
+
+    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "qkgRiwHyheU", ExportName = "sceVideodecCreateDecoder",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceVideodec")]
+    public static int VideodecCreateDecoder(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var outHandleAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        if (outHandleAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, VideodecErrorInvalidArg);
+        }
+
+        var handle = (ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextHandle);
+        VideoDecoders[handle] = 1;
+        return TryWriteHandle(ctx, outHandleAddress, handle) ? SetReturn(ctx, Ok) : SetReturn(ctx, VideodecErrorInvalidArg);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "q0W5GJMovMs", ExportName = "sceVideodecDecode",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceVideodec")]
+    public static int VideodecDecode(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        // No decoder is present: report success with no picture produced.
+        return SetReturn(ctx, VideoDecoders.ContainsKey(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? Ok : VideodecErrorInvalidArg);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "jeigLlKdp5I", ExportName = "sceVideodecFlush",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceVideodec")]
+    public static int VideodecFlush(CpuContext ctx) =>
+        SetReturn(ctx, VideoDecoders.ContainsKey(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? Ok : VideodecErrorInvalidArg);
+
+    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "U0kpGF1cl90", ExportName = "sceVideodecDeleteDecoder",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceVideodec")]
+    public static int VideodecDeleteDecoder(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        VideoDecoders.TryRemove(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], out _);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, Ok);
+    }
+
+    // ---- Audio decoder ----
+
+    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "O3f1sLMWRvs", ExportName = "sceAudiodecCreateDecoder",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudiodec")]
+    public static int AudiodecCreateDecoder(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var handle = (ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextHandle);
+        AudioDecoders[handle] = 1;
+        // sceAudiodec returns the handle directly (>= 0) or a negative error.
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = handle;
+        return unchecked((int)handle);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "KHXHMDLkILw", ExportName = "sceAudiodecDecode",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudiodec")]
+    public static int AudiodecDecode(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        // No decoder present: report success with zero output samples so the
+        // caller treats the frame as silent rather than erroring.
+        return SetReturn(ctx, AudioDecoders.ContainsKey(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? Ok : AudiodecErrorInvalidArg);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "Tp+ZEy69mLk", ExportName = "sceAudiodecDeleteDecoder",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudiodec")]
+    public static int AudiodecDeleteDecoder(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        AudioDecoders.TryRemove(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], out _);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, Ok);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteHandle(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ulong handle) =>
+        ctx.TryWriteUInt64(address, handle);
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.CommonDialog;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// libSceErrorDialog. There is no host error dialog, so an opened dialog
+/// immediately reports finished — this keeps guests that block on the dialog
+/// status (a common fatal-error path) from spinning forever.
+/// </summary>
+public static class ErrorDialogExports
+{
+    private const int AlreadyInitialized = unchecked((int)0x80ED0001);
+    private const int NotInitialized = unchecked((int)0x80ED0002);
+    private const int ArgNull = unchecked((int)0x80ED0005);
+
+    private const int StatusNone = 0;
+    private const int StatusInitialized = 1;
+    private const int StatusFinished = 3;
+
+    private static int _initialized;
+    private static int _status;
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "I88KChlynSs",
+        ExportName = "sceErrorDialogInitialize",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceErrorDialog")]
+    public static int ErrorDialogInitialize(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var result = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _initialized, 1) == 0 ? 0 : AlreadyInitialized;
+        if (result == 0)
+        {
+            Volatile.Write(ref _status, StatusInitialized);
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, result);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "M2ZF-ClLhgY",
+        ExportName = "sceErrorDialogOpen",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceErrorDialog")]
+    public static int ErrorDialogOpen(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        if (ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi] == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ArgNull);
+        }
+
+        if (Volatile.Read(ref _initialized) == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NotInitialized);
+        }
+
+        Volatile.Write(ref _status, StatusFinished);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "t2FvHRXzgqk",
+        ExportName = "sceErrorDialogGetStatus",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceErrorDialog")]
+    public static int ErrorDialogGetStatus(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, Volatile.Read(ref _status));
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "WWiGuh9XfgQ",
+        ExportName = "sceErrorDialogUpdateStatus",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceErrorDialog")]
+    public static int ErrorDialogUpdateStatus(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, Volatile.Read(ref _status));
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "ekXHb1kDBl0",
+        ExportName = "sceErrorDialogClose",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceErrorDialog")]
+    public static int ErrorDialogClose(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        Volatile.Write(ref _status, StatusFinished);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "9XAxK2PMwk8",
+        ExportName = "sceErrorDialogTerminate",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceErrorDialog")]
+    public static int ErrorDialogTerminate(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        Volatile.Write(ref _status, StatusNone);
+        Interlocked.Exchange(ref _initialized, 0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.ContentExport;
+
+// No host media library exists to export captures into, so initialization
+// reports success.
+public static class ContentExportExports
+{
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "0GnN4QCgIfs",
+        ExportName = "sceContentExportInit2",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceContentExport")]
+    public static int ContentExportInit2(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More