copyright: Update year and names of many .cpp and .h files

yuzu-copyright: Update year and names of many .cpp and .h files
Merge pull request #6844 from ameerj/vp9-empty-frame
2021-08-10 13:07:49 -05:00 · 2021-08-10 13:00:50 -05:00 · 2021-08-08 19:02:39 -04:00 · 2021-08-08 11:31:47 -07:00 · 2021-08-08 20:24:53 +02:00 · 2021-08-08 13:49:00 -04:00
831 changed files with 61529 additions and 39025 deletions
@@ -9,11 +9,5 @@ cp "${REV_NAME}-source.tar.xz" "$DIR_NAME"

 tar $COMPRESSION_FLAGS "$ARCHIVE_NAME" "$DIR_NAME"

-mv "$DIR_NAME" $RELEASE_NAME
-mv "${REV_NAME}-source.tar.xz" $RELEASE_NAME
-
-7z a "$REV_NAME.7z" $RELEASE_NAME
-
 # move the compiled archive into the artifacts directory to be uploaded by travis releases
 mv "$ARCHIVE_NAME" "${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/"
-mv "$REV_NAME.7z" "${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/"
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ cmake .. \
      -DENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD=ON \
      -DENABLE_QT_TRANSLATION=ON \
      -DUSE_DISCORD_PRESENCE=ON \
-      -DYUZU_ENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_REPORTING=${ENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_REPORTING:-"OFF"}
+      -DYUZU_ENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_REPORTING=${ENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_REPORTING:-"OFF"} \
+      -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG=ON

 make -j$(nproc)

@@ -18,19 +18,20 @@ cd ..
 mkdir package

 if [ -d "/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/qt5/plugins/platforms/" ]; then
-  QT_PLATFORM_DLL_PATH='/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/qt5/plugins/platforms/'
+  QT_PLUGINS_PATH='/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/qt5/plugins'
 else
  #fallback to qt
-  QT_PLATFORM_DLL_PATH='/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/qt/plugins/platforms/'
+  QT_PLUGINS_PATH='/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/qt/plugins'
 fi

 find build/ -name "yuzu*.exe" -exec cp {} 'package' \;

 # copy Qt plugins
 mkdir package/platforms
-cp "${QT_PLATFORM_DLL_PATH}/qwindows.dll" package/platforms/
-cp -rv "${QT_PLATFORM_DLL_PATH}/../mediaservice/" package/
-cp -rv "${QT_PLATFORM_DLL_PATH}/../imageformats/" package/
+cp -v "${QT_PLUGINS_PATH}/platforms/qwindows.dll" package/platforms/
+cp -rv "${QT_PLUGINS_PATH}/mediaservice/" package/
+cp -rv "${QT_PLUGINS_PATH}/imageformats/" package/
+cp -rv "${QT_PLUGINS_PATH}/styles/" package/
 rm -f package/mediaservice/*d.dll

 for i in package/*.exe; do
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 . .ci/scripts/common/pre-upload.sh

 REV_NAME="yuzu-windows-mingw-${GITDATE}-${GITREV}"
-ARCHIVE_NAME="${REV_NAME}.tar.gz"
-COMPRESSION_FLAGS="-czvf"
+ARCHIVE_NAME="${REV_NAME}.tar.xz"
+COMPRESSION_FLAGS="-cJvf"

 if [ "${RELEASE_NAME}" = "mainline" ]; then
    DIR_NAME="${REV_NAME}"
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ stages:
  displayName: 'build'
  jobs:
  - job: build
+    timeoutInMinutes: 120
    displayName: 'standard'
    pool:
      vmImage: ubuntu-latest
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ stages:
  displayName: 'build-windows'
  jobs:
  - job: build
+    timeoutInMinutes: 120
    displayName: 'msvc'
    pool:
      vmImage: windows-2019
@@ -65,4 +67,4 @@ stages:
  - job: github
    displayName: 'github'
    steps:
-    - template: ./templates/release-github.yml
+    - template: ./templates/release-github.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 	url = https://github.com/libusb/libusb.git
 [submodule "discord-rpc"]
    path = externals/discord-rpc
-    url = https://github.com/discordapp/discord-rpc.git
+    url = https://github.com/discord/discord-rpc.git
 [submodule "Vulkan-Headers"]
    path = externals/Vulkan-Headers
    url = https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Headers.git
@@ -43,3 +43,6 @@
 [submodule "SDL"]
 	path = externals/SDL
 	url = https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL.git
+[submodule "externals/cpp-httplib"]
+	path = externals/cpp-httplib
+	url = https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib.git
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ project(yuzu)
 option(ENABLE_SDL2 "Enable the SDL2 frontend" ON)
 CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_SDL2 "Download bundled SDL2 binaries" ON "ENABLE_SDL2;MSVC" OFF)
 # On Linux system SDL2 is likely to be lacking HIDAPI support which have drawbacks but is needed for SDL motion
-option(YUZU_ALLOW_SYSTEM_SDL2 "Try using system SDL2 before fallling back to one from externals" OFF)
+CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(YUZU_USE_EXTERNAL_SDL2 "Compile external SDL2" ON "ENABLE_SDL2;NOT MSVC" OFF)

 option(ENABLE_QT "Enable the Qt frontend" ON)
 option(ENABLE_QT_TRANSLATION "Enable translations for the Qt frontend" OFF)
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ option(ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE "Enable web services (telemetry, etc.)" ON)

 option(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_BOOST "Download bundled Boost" OFF)

-CMAKE_DEPENDENT_OPTION(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG "Download/Build bundled FFmpeg" ON "WIN32" OFF)
+option(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_LIBUSB "Compile bundled libusb" OFF)
+
+option(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG "Download/Build bundled FFmpeg" "${WIN32}")

 option(YUZU_USE_QT_WEB_ENGINE "Use QtWebEngine for web applet implementation" OFF)

@@ -45,9 +47,10 @@ if (NOT IS_MULTI_CONFIG AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 endif()

 if(EXISTS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/hooks/pre-commit AND NOT EXISTS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git/hooks/pre-commit)
-    message(STATUS "Copying pre-commit hook")
-    file(COPY hooks/pre-commit
-        DESTINATION ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git/hooks)
+    if (EXISTS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git/)
+        message(STATUS "Copying pre-commit hook")
+        file(COPY hooks/pre-commit DESTINATION ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git/hooks)
+    endif()
 endif()

 # Sanity check : Check that all submodules are present
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ macro(yuzu_find_packages)
    set(REQUIRED_LIBS
    #    Cmake Pkg Prefix  Version     Conan Pkg
        "Catch2            2.13        catch2/2.13.0"
-        "fmt               7.1         fmt/7.1.2"
+        "fmt               8.0         fmt/8.0.0"
        "lz4               1.8         lz4/1.9.2"
        "nlohmann_json     3.8         nlohmann_json/3.8.0"
        "ZLIB              1.2         zlib/1.2.11"
@@ -252,10 +255,83 @@ if(ENABLE_QT)
    # Check for system Qt on Linux, fallback to bundled Qt
    if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL "Linux")
        if (NOT YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT)
-            find_package(Qt5 ${QT_VERSION} COMPONENTS Widgets QUIET)
-            if (NOT Qt5_FOUND)
-                set(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT ON CACHE BOOL "Download bundled Qt" FORCE)
+            find_package(Qt5 ${QT_VERSION} COMPONENTS Widgets)
+        endif()
+        if (NOT Qt5_FOUND OR YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT)
+            # Check for dependencies, then enable bundled Qt download
+
+            # Check that the system GLIBCXX version is compatible
+            find_program(OBJDUMP objdump)
+            if ("${OBJDUMP}" STREQUAL "OBJDUMP-NOTFOUND")
+                message(FATAL_ERROR "Required program `objdump` not found.")
            endif()
+            find_library(LIBSTDCXX libstdc++.so.6)
+            execute_process(
+                COMMAND
+                    ${OBJDUMP} -T ${LIBSTDCXX}
+                COMMAND
+                    grep GLIBCXX_3.4.28
+                COMMAND
+                    sed "s/[0-9a-f]*.*  //"
+                COMMAND
+                    sed "s/ .*//"
+                COMMAND
+                    sort -u
+                OUTPUT_VARIABLE
+                    GLIBCXX_MET
+            )
+            if (NOT GLIBCXX_MET)
+                message(FATAL_ERROR "Qt too old or not found, and bundled Qt package is not \
+                    compatible with this system. Either install Qt ${QT_VERSION}, or provide the path \
+                    to Qt by setting the variable Qt5_ROOT.")
+            endif()
+
+            # Check for headers
+            Include(FindPkgConfig REQUIRED)
+            pkg_check_modules(QT_DEP_GLU QUIET glu>=9.0.0)
+            if (NOT QT_DEP_GLU_FOUND)
+                message(FATAL_ERROR "Qt bundled pacakge dependency `glu` not found. \
+                    Perhaps `libglu1-mesa-dev` needs to be installed?")
+            endif()
+            pkg_check_modules(QT_DEP_MESA QUIET dri>=20.0.8)
+            if (NOT QT_DEP_MESA_FOUND)
+                message(FATAL_ERROR "Qt bundled pacakge dependency `dri` not found. \
+                    Perhaps `mesa-common-dev` needs to be installed?")
+            endif()
+
+            # Check for X libraries
+            set(BUNDLED_QT_REQUIREMENTS
+                libxcb-icccm.so.4
+                libxcb-image.so.0
+                libxcb-keysyms.so.1
+                libxcb-randr.so.0
+                libxcb-render-util.so.0
+                libxcb-render.so.0
+                libxcb-shape.so.0
+                libxcb-shm.so.0
+                libxcb-sync.so.1
+                libxcb-xfixes.so.0
+                libxcb-xinerama.so.0
+                libxcb-xkb.so.1
+                libxcb.so.1
+                libxkbcommon-x11.so.0
+                libxkbcommon.so.0
+            )
+            set(UNRESOLVED_QT_DEPS "")
+            foreach (REQUIREMENT ${BUNDLED_QT_REQUIREMENTS})
+                find_library(BUNDLED_QT_${REQUIREMENT} ${REQUIREMENT})
+                if ("${BUNDLED_QT_${REQUIREMENT}}" STREQUAL "BUNDLED_QT_${REQUIREMENT}-NOTFOUND")
+                    set(UNRESOLVED_QT_DEPS ${UNRESOLVED_QT_DEPS} ${REQUIREMENT})
+                endif()
+                unset(BUNDLED_QT_${REQUIREMENT})
+            endforeach()
+            unset(BUNDLED_QT_REQUIREMENTS)
+
+            if (NOT "${UNRESOLVED_QT_DEPS}" STREQUAL "")
+                message(FATAL_ERROR "Bundled Qt package missing required dependencies: ${UNRESOLVED_QT_DEPS}")
+            endif()
+
+            set(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT ON CACHE BOOL "Download bundled Qt" FORCE)
        endif()
        if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT)
            # Binary package currently does not support Qt webengine, so make sure it's disabled
@@ -263,6 +339,8 @@ if(ENABLE_QT)
        endif()
    endif()

+    set(YUZU_QT_NO_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PATH)
+
    # Workaround for an issue where conan tries to build Qt from scratch instead of download prebuilt binaries
    set(QT_PREFIX_HINT)

@@ -280,8 +358,10 @@ if(ENABLE_QT)
        endif()

        set(QT_PREFIX_HINT HINTS "${QT_PREFIX}")
+
+        set(YUZU_QT_NO_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PATH "NO_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PATH")
    endif()
-    find_package(Qt5 ${QT_VERSION} REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets ${QT_PREFIX_HINT} NO_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PATH)
+    find_package(Qt5 ${QT_VERSION} REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets ${QT_PREFIX_HINT} ${YUZU_QT_NO_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PATH})
    if (YUZU_USE_QT_WEB_ENGINE)
        find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS WebEngineCore WebEngineWidgets)
    endif()
@@ -313,26 +393,20 @@ if (ENABLE_SDL2)
        add_library(SDL2 INTERFACE)
        target_link_libraries(SDL2 INTERFACE "${SDL2_LIBRARY}")
        target_include_directories(SDL2 INTERFACE "${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+    elseif (YUZU_USE_EXTERNAL_SDL2)
+        message(STATUS "Using SDL2 from externals.")
    else()
-        if (YUZU_ALLOW_SYSTEM_SDL2)
-            find_package(SDL2 2.0.15 QUIET)
+        find_package(SDL2 2.0.15 REQUIRED)

-            if (SDL2_FOUND)
-                # Some installations don't set SDL2_LIBRARIES
-                if("${SDL2_LIBRARIES}" STREQUAL "")
-                    message(WARNING "SDL2_LIBRARIES wasn't set, manually setting to SDL2::SDL2")
-                    set(SDL2_LIBRARIES "SDL2::SDL2")
-                endif()
-
-                include_directories(SYSTEM ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-                add_library(SDL2 INTERFACE)
-                target_link_libraries(SDL2 INTERFACE "${SDL2_LIBRARIES}")
-            else()
-                message(STATUS "SDL2 2.0.15 or newer not found, falling back to externals.")
-            endif()
-        else()
-            message(STATUS "Using SDL2 from externals.")
+        # Some installations don't set SDL2_LIBRARIES
+        if("${SDL2_LIBRARIES}" STREQUAL "")
+            message(WARNING "SDL2_LIBRARIES wasn't set, manually setting to SDL2::SDL2")
+            set(SDL2_LIBRARIES "SDL2::SDL2")
        endif()
+
+        include_directories(SYSTEM ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+        add_library(SDL2 INTERFACE)
+        target_link_libraries(SDL2 INTERFACE "${SDL2_LIBRARIES}")
    endif()
 endif()

@@ -420,14 +494,22 @@ elseif (TARGET Boost::boost)
 endif()

 # Ensure libusb is properly configured (based on dolphin libusb include)
-if(NOT APPLE)
+if(NOT APPLE AND NOT YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_LIBUSB)
    include(FindPkgConfig)
-    find_package(LibUSB)
-endif()
-if (NOT LIBUSB_FOUND)
-    add_subdirectory(externals/libusb)
-    set(LIBUSB_INCLUDE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/externals/libusb/libusb/libusb")
-    set(LIBUSB_LIBRARIES usb)
+    if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "DragonFly|FreeBSD")
+        pkg_check_modules(LIBUSB QUIET libusb-1.0>=1.0.24)
+    else()
+        find_package(LibUSB)
+    endif()
+
+    if (LIBUSB_FOUND)
+        add_library(usb INTERFACE)
+        target_include_directories(usb INTERFACE "${LIBUSB_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+        target_link_libraries(usb INTERFACE "${LIBUSB_LIBRARIES}")
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "libusb not found, falling back to externals")
+        set(YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_LIBUSB ON)
+    endif()
 endif()

 # List of all FFmpeg components required
@@ -463,7 +545,15 @@ if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG)

        # FFmpeg has source that requires one of nasm or yasm to assemble it.
        # REQUIRED throws an error if not found here during configuration rather than during compilation.
-        find_program(ASSEMBLER NAMES nasm yasm REQUIRED)
+        find_program(ASSEMBLER NAMES nasm yasm)
+        if ("${ASSEMBLER}" STREQUAL "ASSEMBLER-NOTFOUND")
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "One of either `nasm` or `yasm` not found but is required.")
+        endif()
+
+        find_program(AUTOCONF autoconf)
+        if ("${AUTOCONF}" STREQUAL "AUTOCONF-NOTFOUND")
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Required program `autoconf` not found.")
+        endif()

        set(FFmpeg_PREFIX ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/externals/ffmpeg)
        set(FFmpeg_BUILD_DIR ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/externals/ffmpeg)
@@ -493,8 +583,32 @@ if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG)
            "${FFmpeg_PREFIX};${FFmpeg_BUILD_DIR}"
            CACHE PATH "Path to FFmpeg headers" FORCE)

+        if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL "Linux")
+            Include(FindPkgConfig REQUIRED)
+            pkg_check_modules(LIBVA libva)
+        endif()
+        if(LIBVA_FOUND)
+            pkg_check_modules(LIBDRM libdrm REQUIRED)
+            find_package(X11 REQUIRED)
+            pkg_check_modules(LIBVA-DRM libva-drm REQUIRED)
+            pkg_check_modules(LIBVA-X11 libva-x11 REQUIRED)
+            set(FFmpeg_LIBVA_LIBRARIES
+                ${LIBDRM_LIBRARIES}
+                ${X11_LIBRARIES}
+                ${LIBVA-DRM_LIBRARIES}
+                ${LIBVA-X11_LIBRARIES}
+                ${LIBVA_LIBRARIES})
+            set(FFmpeg_HWACCEL_FLAGS
+                --enable-hwaccel=h264_vaapi
+                --enable-hwaccel=vp9_vaapi
+                --enable-libdrm)
+            message(STATUS "VA-API found")
+        else()
+            set(FFmpeg_HWACCEL_FLAGS --disable-vaapi)
+        endif()
+
        # `configure` parameters builds only exactly what yuzu needs from FFmpeg
-        # `--disable-{vaapi,vdpau}` is needed to avoid linking issues
+        # `--disable-vdpau` is needed to avoid linking issues
        add_custom_command(
            OUTPUT
                ${FFmpeg_MAKEFILE}
@@ -510,13 +624,16 @@ if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG)
                    --disable-network
                    --disable-postproc
                    --disable-swresample
-                    --disable-vaapi
                    --disable-vdpau
                    --enable-decoder=h264
                    --enable-decoder=vp9
+                    --cc="${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}"
+                    --cxx="${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}"
+                    ${FFmpeg_HWACCEL_FLAGS}
            WORKING_DIRECTORY
                ${FFmpeg_BUILD_DIR}
        )
+        unset(FFmpeg_HWACCEL_FLAGS)

        # Workaround for Ubuntu 18.04's older version of make not being able to call make as a child
        # with context of the jobserver. Also helps ninja users.
@@ -526,9 +643,10 @@ if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG)
            OUTPUT_VARIABLE
                SYSTEM_THREADS)

+        set(FFmpeg_BUILD_LIBRARIES ${FFmpeg_LIBRARIES})
        add_custom_command(
            OUTPUT
-                ${FFmpeg_LIBRARIES}
+                ${FFmpeg_BUILD_LIBRARIES}
            COMMAND
                make -j${SYSTEM_THREADS}
            WORKING_DIRECTORY
@@ -538,7 +656,12 @@ if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_FFMPEG)
        # ALL makes this custom target build every time
        # but it won't actually build if the DEPENDS parameter is up to date
        add_custom_target(ffmpeg-configure ALL DEPENDS ${FFmpeg_MAKEFILE})
-        add_custom_target(ffmpeg-build ALL DEPENDS ${FFmpeg_LIBRARIES} ffmpeg-configure)
+        add_custom_target(ffmpeg-build ALL DEPENDS ${FFmpeg_BUILD_LIBRARIES} ffmpeg-configure)
+        link_libraries(${FFmpeg_LIBVA_LIBRARIES})
+        set(FFmpeg_LIBRARIES ${FFmpeg_LIBVA_LIBRARIES} ${FFmpeg_BUILD_LIBRARIES}
+            CACHE PATH "Paths to FFmpeg libraries" FORCE)
+        unset(FFmpeg_BUILD_LIBRARIES)
+        unset(FFmpeg_LIBVA_LIBRARIES)

        if (FFmpeg_FOUND)
            message(STATUS "Found FFmpeg version ${FFmpeg_VERSION}")
@@ -48,69 +48,6 @@ if (BUILD_REPOSITORY)
  endif()
 endif()

-# The variable SRC_DIR must be passed into the script (since it uses the current build directory for all values of CMAKE_*_DIR)
-set(VIDEO_CORE "${SRC_DIR}/src/video_core")
-set(HASH_FILES
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_arb_decompiler.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_arb_decompiler.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_half.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_half_immediate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_immediate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_integer.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_integer_immediate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/bfe.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/bfi.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/conversion.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/ffma.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/float_set.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/float_set_predicate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/half_set.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/half_set_predicate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/hfma2.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/image.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/integer_set.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/integer_set_predicate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/memory.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/texture.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/other.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/predicate_set_predicate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/predicate_set_register.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/register_set_predicate.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/shift.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/video.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/warp.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/xmad.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/ast.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/ast.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/compiler_settings.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/compiler_settings.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/control_flow.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/control_flow.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/expr.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/expr.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/node.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/node_helper.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/node_helper.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/registry.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/registry.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/shader_ir.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/shader_ir.h"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/track.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/transform_feedback.cpp"
-    "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/transform_feedback.h"
-)
-set(COMBINED "")
-foreach (F IN LISTS HASH_FILES)
-    file(READ ${F} TMP)
-    set(COMBINED "${COMBINED}${TMP}")
-endforeach()
-string(MD5 SHADER_CACHE_VERSION "${COMBINED}")
+# The variable SRC_DIR must be passed into the script
+# (since it uses the current build directory for all values of CMAKE_*_DIR)
 configure_file("${SRC_DIR}/src/common/scm_rev.cpp.in" "scm_rev.cpp" @ONLY)
@@ -1,43 +1,82 @@
-yuzu emulator
-=============
-[![Travis CI Build Status](https://travis-ci.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu)
-[![Azure Mainline CI Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/_apis/build/status/yuzu%20mainline?branchName=master)](https://dev.azure.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/)
-[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/398318088170242053?color=%237289DA&label=yuzu&logo=discord&logoColor=white)](https://discord.com/invite/u77vRWY)
+<h1 align="center">
+  <br>
+  <a href="https://yuzu-emu.org/"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu-assets/master/icons/icon.png" alt="yuzu" width="200"></a>
+  <br>
+  <b>yuzu</b>
+  <br>
+</h1>

-yuzu is an experimental open-source emulator for the Nintendo Switch from the creators of [Citra](https://citra-emu.org/).
+<h4 align="center"><b>yuzu</b> is the world's most popular, open-source, Nintendo Switch emulator — started by the creators of <a href="https://citra-emu.org" target="_blank">Citra</a>.
+<br>
+It is written in C++ with portability in mind, and we actively maintain builds for Windows and Linux.
+</h4>

-It is written in C++ with portability in mind, with builds actively maintained for Windows and Linux. The emulator is capable of running several commercial games.
+<p align="center">
+    <a href="https://dev.azure.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/">
+        <img src="https://dev.azure.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/_apis/build/status/yuzu%20mainline?branchName=master"
+            alt="Azure Mainline CI Build Status">
+    </a>
+    <a href="https://discord.com/invite/u77vRWY">
+        <img src="https://img.shields.io/discord/398318088170242053?color=%237289DA&label=yuzu&logo=discord&logoColor=white"
+            alt="Discord">
+    </a>
+</p>

-yuzu only emulates a subset of Switch hardware and therefore most commercial games **do not** run at full speed or are not fully functional.
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a> |
+  <a href="#development">Development</a> |
+  <a href="#building">Building</a> |
+  <a href="#download">Download</a> |
+  <a href="#support">Support</a> |
+  <a href="#license">License</a>
+</p>

-Do you want to check which games are compatible and which ones are not? Please visit our [Compatibility page](https://yuzu-emu.org/game/)!
+## Compatibility

-yuzu is licensed under the GPLv2 (or any later version). Refer to the license.txt file included.
+The emulator is capable of running most commercial games at full speed, provided you meet the [necessary hardware requirements](https://yuzu-emu.org/help/quickstart/#hardware-requirements).

-Check out our [website](https://yuzu-emu.org/)!
+For a full list of games yuzu support, please visit our [Compatibility page](https://yuzu-emu.org/game/)

-For development discussion, please join us on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/u77vRWY).
+Check out our [website](https://yuzu-emu.org/) for the latest news on exciting features, monthly progress reports, and more!

-### Development
+## Development

-Most of the development happens on GitHub. It's also where [our central repository](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu) is hosted.
+Most of the development happens on GitHub. It's also where [our central repository](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu) is hosted. For development discussion, please join us on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/u77vRWY).

-If you want to contribute please take a look at the [Contributor's Guide](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/wiki/Contributing) and [Developer Information](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/wiki/Developer-Information). You should also contact any of the developers on Discord in order to know about the current state of the emulator.
+If you want to contribute, please take a look at the [Contributor's Guide](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/wiki/Contributing) and [Developer Information](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/wiki/Developer-Information).
+You can also contact any of the developers on Discord in order to know about the current state of the emulator.

-If you want to contribute to the user interface translation, please check out the [yuzu project on transifex](https://www.transifex.com/yuzu-emulator/yuzu). We centralize translation work there, and periodically upstream translations.
+If you want to contribute to the user interface translation project, please check out the [yuzu project on transifex](https://www.transifex.com/yuzu-emulator/yuzu). We centralize translation work there, and periodically upstream translations.

-### Building
+## Building

 * __Windows__: [Windows Build](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/wiki/Building-For-Windows)
 * __Linux__: [Linux Build](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/wiki/Building-For-Linux)

+## Download

-### Support
-We happily accept monetary donations, or donated games and hardware. Please see our [donations page](https://yuzu-emu.org/donate/) for more information on how you can contribute to yuzu. Any donations received will go towards things like:
+You can download the latest releases automatically via the installer on our [downloads](https://yuzu-emu.org/downloads/) page.
+
+
+## Support
+
+If you enjoy the project and want to support us financially, check out our Patreon!
+
+<a href="https://www.patreon.com/yuzuteam">
+    <img src="https://c5.patreon.com/external/logo/become_a_patron_button@2x.png" width="160">
+</a>
+
+Any donations received will go towards things like:
 * Switch consoles to explore and reverse-engineer the hardware
 * Switch games for testing, reverse-engineering, and implementing new features
 * Web hosting and infrastructure setup
 * Software licenses (e.g. Visual Studio, IDA Pro, etc.)
 * Additional hardware (e.g. GPUs as-needed to improve rendering support, other peripherals to add support for, etc.)

-We also more than gladly accept used Switch consoles, preferably ones with firmware 3.0.0 or lower! If you would like to give yours away, don't hesitate to join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/VXqngT3) and talk to bunnei. You may also contact: donations@yuzu-emu.org.
+If you wish to support us a different way, please join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/u77vRWY) and talk to bunnei. You may also contact: donations@yuzu-emu.org.
+
+## License
+
+yuzu is licensed under the GPLv2 (or any later version). Refer to the [license.txt](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/blob/master/license.txt) file.
+
+The [Skyline-Emulator Team](https://github.com/skyline-emu/skyline) is exempt from GPLv2 for the contributions from all these contributors [FernandoS27](https://github.com/FernandoS27), [lioncash](https://github.com/lioncash), [bunnei](https://github.com/bunnei), [ReinUsesLisp](https://github.com/ReinUsesLisp), [Morph1984](https://github.com/Morph1984), [ogniK5377](https://github.com/ogniK5377), [german77](https://github.com/german77), [ameerj](https://github.com/ameerj), [Kelebek1](https://github.com/Kelebek1) and [lat9nq](https://github.com/lat9nq). They may only use the code from these contributors under Mozilla Public License, version 2.0.
@@ -38,6 +38,26 @@ QPushButton#RendererStatusBarButton:!checked {
    color: #0066ff;
 }

+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton {
+    color: #656565;
+    border: 1px solid transparent;
+    background-color: transparent;
+    padding: 0px 3px 0px 3px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:hover {
+    border: 1px solid #76797C;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:checked {
+    color: #b06020;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:!checked {
+    color: #109010;
+}
+
 QPushButton#buttonRefreshDevices {
    min-width: 21px;
    min-height: 21px;
@@ -1283,6 +1283,27 @@ QPushButton#RendererStatusBarButton:!checked {
    color: #00ccdd;
 }

+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton {
+    min-width: 0px;
+    color: #656565;
+    border: 1px solid transparent;
+    background-color: transparent;
+    padding: 0px 3px 0px 3px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:hover {
+    border: 1px solid #76797C;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:checked {
+    color: #ff8040;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:!checked {
+    color: #40dd40;
+}
+
 QPushButton#buttonRefreshDevices {
    min-width: 23px;
    min-height: 23px;
@@ -2186,6 +2186,27 @@ QPushButton#RendererStatusBarButton:!checked {
  color: #00ccdd;
 }

+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton {
+  min-width: 0px;
+  color: #656565;
+  border: 1px solid transparent;
+  background-color: transparent;
+  padding: 0px 3px 0px 3px;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:hover {
+  border: 1px solid #76797C;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:checked {
+  color: #ff8040;
+}
+
+QPushButton#GPUStatusBarButton:!checked {
+  color: #40dd40;
+}
+
 QPushButton#buttonRefreshDevices {
  min-width: 19px;
  min-height: 19px;
@@ -45,13 +45,18 @@ target_include_directories(microprofile INTERFACE ./microprofile)
 add_library(unicorn-headers INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(unicorn-headers INTERFACE ./unicorn/include)

+# libusb
+if (NOT LIBUSB_FOUND OR YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_LIBUSB)
+    add_subdirectory(libusb)
+endif()
+
 # SDL2
-if (NOT SDL2_FOUND AND ENABLE_SDL2)
+if (YUZU_USE_EXTERNAL_SDL2)
    if (NOT WIN32)
-        # Yuzu itself needs: Events Joystick Haptic Sensor Timers
+        # Yuzu itself needs: Events Joystick Haptic Sensor Timers Audio
        # Yuzu-cmd also needs: Video (depends on Loadso/Dlopen)
        set(SDL_UNUSED_SUBSYSTEMS
-            Atomic Audio Render Power Threads
+            Atomic Render Power Threads
            File CPUinfo Filesystem Locale)
        foreach(_SUB ${SDL_UNUSED_SUBSYSTEMS})
          string(TOUPPER ${_SUB} _OPT)
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ if (ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE)

    # httplib
    add_library(httplib INTERFACE)
-    target_include_directories(httplib INTERFACE ./httplib)
+    target_include_directories(httplib INTERFACE ./cpp-httplib)
    target_compile_definitions(httplib INTERFACE -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT)
    target_link_libraries(httplib INTERFACE ${OPENSSL_LIBRARIES})
    if (WIN32)
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-From https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/tree/ff5677ad197947177c158fe857caff4f0e242045 with https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/pull/701
-
-MIT License
-
-===
-
-cpp-httplib
-
-A C++11 header-only HTTP library.
-
-It's extremely easy to setup. Just include httplib.h file in your code!
-
-Inspired by Sinatra and express.
-
-© 2017 Yuji Hirose
@@ -1,10 +1,24 @@
-if (MINGW)
-    # The MinGW toolchain for some reason doesn't work with this CMakeLists file after updating to
-    # 1.0.24, so we do it the old-fashioned way for now. We may want to move native Linux toolchains
-    # to here, too (TODO lat9nq?).
+if (MINGW OR (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux") OR APPLE)
+    set(LIBUSB_FOUND ON CACHE BOOL "libusb is present" FORCE)
+    set(LIBUSB_VERSION "1.0.24" CACHE STRING "libusb version string" FORCE)
+
+    # GNU toolchains for some reason doesn't work with the later half of this CMakeLists after
+    # updating to 1.0.24, so we do it the old-fashioned way for now.
+
+    # Require autoconf and libtoolize here, rather than crash during compilation
+    find_program(AUTOCONF autoconf)
+    if ("${AUTOCONF}" STREQUAL "AUTOCONF-NOTFOUND")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Required program `autoconf` not found.")
+    endif()
+
+    find_program(LIBTOOLIZE libtoolize)
+    if ("${LIBTOOLIZE}" STREQUAL "LIBTOOLIZE-NOTFOUND")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Required program `libtoolize` not found.")
+    endif()

    set(LIBUSB_PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libusb")
    set(LIBUSB_SRC_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libusb")
+
    # Workarounds for MSYS/MinGW
    if (MSYS)
        # CMake on Windows passes `C:/`, but we need `/C/` or `/c/` to use `configure`
@@ -19,36 +33,44 @@ if (MINGW)

    set(LIBUSB_CONFIGURE "${LIBUSB_SRC_DIR}/configure")
    set(LIBUSB_MAKEFILE "${LIBUSB_PREFIX}/Makefile")
-    set(LIBUSB_LIBRARY "${LIBUSB_PREFIX}/libusb/.libs/libusb-1.0.dll.a")
-    set(LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY "${LIBUSB_PREFIX}/libusb/.libs/libusb-1.0.dll")
-    set(LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY_DEST "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/libusb-1.0.dll")

-    # Causes "externals/libusb/libusb/libusb/os/windows_winusb.c:1427:2: error: conversion to non-scalar type requested", so cannot statically link it for now.
-    # set(LIBUSB_CFLAGS "-DGUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE=\\(GUID\\){0xA5DCBF10,0x6530,0x11D2,{0x90,0x1F,0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0xB9,0x51,0xED}}")
+    if (MINGW)
+        set(LIBUSB_LIBRARIES "${LIBUSB_PREFIX}/libusb/.libs/libusb-1.0.dll.a" CACHE PATH "libusb library path" FORCE)
+        set(LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY "${LIBUSB_PREFIX}/libusb/.libs/libusb-1.0.dll")
+        set(LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY_DEST "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/libusb-1.0.dll")
+
+        set(LIBUSB_CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --build=x86_64-windows)
+    else()
+        set(LIBUSB_LIBRARIES "${LIBUSB_PREFIX}/libusb/.libs/libusb-1.0.a" CACHE PATH "libusb library path" FORCE)
+    endif()
+
+    set(LIBUSB_INCLUDE_DIRS "${LIBUSB_SRC_DIR}/libusb" CACHE PATH "libusb headers path" FORCE)
+
+    # MINGW: causes "externals/libusb/libusb/libusb/os/windows_winusb.c:1427:2: error: conversion to non-scalar type requested", so cannot statically link it for now.
+    if (NOT MINGW)
+        set(LIBUSB_CFLAGS "-DGUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE=\\(GUID\\){0xA5DCBF10,0x6530,0x11D2,{0x90,0x1F,0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0xB9,0x51,0xED}}")
+    endif()

    make_directory("${LIBUSB_PREFIX}")

    add_custom_command(
        OUTPUT
-            "${LIBUSB_LIBRARY}"
+            "${LIBUSB_LIBRARIES}"
        COMMAND
            make
        WORKING_DIRECTORY
            "${LIBUSB_PREFIX}"
    )

-    # We may use this path for other GNU toolchains, so put all of the MinGW-specific stuff here
-    if (MINGW)
-        set(LIBUSB_CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --build=x86_64-windows)
-    endif()
-
    add_custom_command(
        OUTPUT
            "${LIBUSB_MAKEFILE}"
        COMMAND
-            # /bin/env
-            #     CFLAGS="${LIBUSB_CFLAGS}"
-            /bin/sh "${LIBUSB_CONFIGURE}"
+            env
+                CC="${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}"
+                CXX="${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}"
+                CFLAGS="${LIBUSB_CFLAGS}"
+            sh "${LIBUSB_CONFIGURE}"
                ${LIBUSB_CONFIGURE_ARGS}
                --srcdir="${LIBUSB_SRC_DIR}"
        WORKING_DIRECTORY
@@ -59,7 +81,7 @@ if (MINGW)
        OUTPUT
            "${LIBUSB_CONFIGURE}"
        COMMAND
-            /bin/sh "${LIBUSB_SRC_DIR}/bootstrap.sh"
+            sh "${LIBUSB_SRC_DIR}/bootstrap.sh"
        WORKING_DIRECTORY
            "${LIBUSB_SRC_DIR}"
    )
@@ -68,19 +90,30 @@ if (MINGW)
        OUTPUT
            "${LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY_DEST}"
        COMMAND
-            /bin/cp "${LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY}" "${LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY_DEST}"
+            cp "${LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY}" "${LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY_DEST}"
    )

-    add_custom_target(usb-bootstrap ALL DEPENDS "${LIBUSB_CONFIGURE}")
-    add_custom_target(usb-configure ALL DEPENDS "${LIBUSB_MAKEFILE}" usb-bootstrap)
-    add_custom_target(usb-build ALL DEPENDS "${LIBUSB_LIBRARY}" usb-configure)
+    add_custom_target(usb-bootstrap DEPENDS "${LIBUSB_CONFIGURE}")
+    add_custom_target(usb-configure DEPENDS "${LIBUSB_MAKEFILE}" usb-bootstrap)
+    add_custom_target(usb-build ALL DEPENDS "${LIBUSB_LIBRARIES}" usb-configure)
    # Workaround since static linking didn't work out -- We need to copy the DLL to the bin directory
    add_custom_target(usb-copy ALL DEPENDS "${LIBUSB_SHARED_LIBRARY_DEST}" usb-build)

-    # Make `usb` alias to LIBUSB_LIBRARY
    add_library(usb INTERFACE)
-    target_link_libraries(usb INTERFACE "${LIBUSB_LIBRARY}")
-else() # MINGW
+    add_dependencies(usb usb-copy)
+    target_link_libraries(usb INTERFACE "${LIBUSB_LIBRARIES}")
+    target_include_directories(usb INTERFACE "${LIBUSB_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+
+    if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
+        Include(FindPkgConfig)
+        pkg_check_modules(LIBUDEV REQUIRED libudev)
+
+        if (LIBUDEV_FOUND)
+            target_include_directories(usb INTERFACE "${LIBUDEV_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+            target_link_libraries(usb INTERFACE "${LIBUDEV_STATIC_LIBRARIES}")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+else() # MINGW OR (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
    # Ensure libusb compiles with UTF-8 encoding on MSVC
    if(MSVC)
        add_compile_options(/utf-8)
@@ -236,4 +269,4 @@ else() # MINGW


    configure_file(config.h.in config.h)
-endif() # MINGW
+endif() # MINGW OR (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
@@ -45,13 +45,23 @@ if (MSVC)
        /Zc:inline
        /Zc:throwingNew

+        # External headers diagnostics
+        /experimental:external  # Enables the external headers options. This option isn't required in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.10 and later
+        /external:anglebrackets # Treats all headers included by #include <header>, where the header file is enclosed in angle brackets (< >), as external headers
+        /external:W0            # Sets the default warning level to 0 for external headers, effectively turning off warnings for external headers
+
        # Warnings
        /W3
-        /we4062 # enumerator 'identifier' in a switch of enum 'enumeration' is not handled
+        /we4018 # 'expression': signed/unsigned mismatch
+        /we4062 # Enumerator 'identifier' in a switch of enum 'enumeration' is not handled
        /we4101 # 'identifier': unreferenced local variable
+        /we4189 # 'identifier': local variable is initialized but not referenced
        /we4265 # 'class': class has virtual functions, but destructor is not virtual
-        /we4388 # signed/unsigned mismatch
-        /we4547 # 'operator' : operator before comma has no effect; expected operator with side-effect
+        /we4267 # 'var': conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
+        /we4305 # 'context': truncation from 'type1' to 'type2'
+        /we4388 # 'expression': signed/unsigned mismatch
+        /we4389 # 'operator': signed/unsigned mismatch
+        /we4547 # 'operator': operator before comma has no effect; expected operator with side-effect
        /we4549 # 'operator1': operator before comma has no effect; did you intend 'operator2'?
        /we4555 # Expression has no effect; expected expression with side-effect
        /we4715 # 'function': not all control paths return a value
@@ -72,6 +82,7 @@ else()
        -Werror=missing-declarations
        -Werror=missing-field-initializers
        -Werror=reorder
+        -Werror=sign-compare
        -Werror=switch
        -Werror=uninitialized
        -Werror=unused-function
@@ -131,6 +142,7 @@ add_subdirectory(core)
 add_subdirectory(audio_core)
 add_subdirectory(video_core)
 add_subdirectory(input_common)
+add_subdirectory(shader_recompiler)
 add_subdirectory(tests)

 if (ENABLE_SDL2)
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ add_library(audio_core STATIC
    voice_context.h

    $<$<BOOL:${ENABLE_CUBEB}>:cubeb_sink.cpp cubeb_sink.h>
+    $<$<BOOL:${ENABLE_SDL2}>:sdl2_sink.cpp sdl2_sink.h>
 )

 create_target_directory_groups(audio_core)
@@ -50,9 +51,6 @@ if (NOT MSVC)
    target_compile_options(audio_core PRIVATE
        -Werror=conversion
        -Werror=ignored-qualifiers
-        -Werror=implicit-fallthrough
-        -Werror=reorder
-        -Werror=sign-compare
        -Werror=shadow
        -Werror=unused-parameter
        -Werror=unused-variable
@@ -71,3 +69,7 @@ if(ENABLE_CUBEB)
    target_link_libraries(audio_core PRIVATE cubeb)
    target_compile_definitions(audio_core PRIVATE -DHAVE_CUBEB=1)
 endif()
+if(ENABLE_SDL2)
+    target_link_libraries(audio_core PRIVATE SDL2)
+    target_compile_definitions(audio_core PRIVATE HAVE_SDL2)
+endif()
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ StreamPtr AudioOut::OpenStream(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing, u32 sample
                               u32 num_channels, std::string&& name,
                               Stream::ReleaseCallback&& release_callback) {
    if (!sink) {
-        sink = CreateSinkFromID(Settings::values.sink_id, Settings::values.audio_device_id);
+        sink = CreateSinkFromID(Settings::values.sink_id.GetValue(),
+                                Settings::values.audio_device_id.GetValue());
    }

    return std::make_shared<Stream>(
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "audio_core/voice_context.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
+#include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"

 namespace {
@@ -28,10 +29,9 @@ namespace {
                                       (static_cast<float>(r_channel) * r_mix_amount)));
 }

-[[nodiscard]] static constexpr std::tuple<s16, s16> Mix6To2(s16 fl_channel, s16 fr_channel,
-                                                            s16 fc_channel,
-                                                            [[maybe_unused]] s16 lf_channel,
-                                                            s16 bl_channel, s16 br_channel) {
+[[maybe_unused, nodiscard]] static constexpr std::tuple<s16, s16> Mix6To2(
+    s16 fl_channel, s16 fr_channel, s16 fc_channel, [[maybe_unused]] s16 lf_channel, s16 bl_channel,
+    s16 br_channel) {
    // Front channels are mixed 36.94%, Center channels are mixed to be 26.12% & the back channels
    // are mixed to be 36.94%

@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ namespace {
    const std::array<float_le, 4>& coeff) {
    const auto left =
        static_cast<float>(fl_channel) * coeff[0] + static_cast<float>(fc_channel) * coeff[1] +
-        static_cast<float>(lf_channel) * coeff[2] + static_cast<float>(bl_channel) * coeff[0];
+        static_cast<float>(lf_channel) * coeff[2] + static_cast<float>(bl_channel) * coeff[3];

    const auto right =
        static_cast<float>(fr_channel) * coeff[0] + static_cast<float>(fc_channel) * coeff[1] +
-        static_cast<float>(lf_channel) * coeff[2] + static_cast<float>(br_channel) * coeff[0];
+        static_cast<float>(lf_channel) * coeff[2] + static_cast<float>(br_channel) * coeff[3];

    return {ClampToS16(static_cast<s32>(left)), ClampToS16(static_cast<s32>(right))};
 }
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ namespace {
 } // namespace

 namespace AudioCore {
-AudioRenderer::AudioRenderer(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing, Core::Memory::Memory& memory_,
+constexpr s32 NUM_BUFFERS = 2;
+
+AudioRenderer::AudioRenderer(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing_, Core::Memory::Memory& memory_,
                             AudioCommon::AudioRendererParameter params,
                             Stream::ReleaseCallback&& release_callback,
                             std::size_t instance_number)
@@ -77,7 +79,8 @@ AudioRenderer::AudioRenderer(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing, Core::Memory
      sink_context(params.sink_count), splitter_context(),
      voices(params.voice_count), memory{memory_},
      command_generator(worker_params, voice_context, mix_context, splitter_context, effect_context,
-                        memory) {
+                        memory),
+      core_timing{core_timing_} {
    behavior_info.SetUserRevision(params.revision);
    splitter_context.Initialize(behavior_info, params.splitter_count,
                                params.num_splitter_send_channels);
@@ -86,16 +89,27 @@ AudioRenderer::AudioRenderer(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing, Core::Memory
    stream = audio_out->OpenStream(
        core_timing, params.sample_rate, AudioCommon::STREAM_NUM_CHANNELS,
        fmt::format("AudioRenderer-Instance{}", instance_number), std::move(release_callback));
-    audio_out->StartStream(stream);
-
-    QueueMixedBuffer(0);
-    QueueMixedBuffer(1);
-    QueueMixedBuffer(2);
-    QueueMixedBuffer(3);
+    process_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        fmt::format("AudioRenderer-Instance{}-Process", instance_number),
+        [this](std::uintptr_t, std::chrono::nanoseconds) { ReleaseAndQueueBuffers(); });
+    for (s32 i = 0; i < NUM_BUFFERS; ++i) {
+        QueueMixedBuffer(i);
+    }
 }

 AudioRenderer::~AudioRenderer() = default;

+ResultCode AudioRenderer::Start() {
+    audio_out->StartStream(stream);
+    ReleaseAndQueueBuffers();
+    return ResultSuccess;
+}
+
+ResultCode AudioRenderer::Stop() {
+    audio_out->StopStream(stream);
+    return ResultSuccess;
+}
+
 u32 AudioRenderer::GetSampleRate() const {
    return worker_params.sample_rate;
 }
@@ -114,7 +128,7 @@ Stream::State AudioRenderer::GetStreamState() const {

 ResultCode AudioRenderer::UpdateAudioRenderer(const std::vector<u8>& input_params,
                                              std::vector<u8>& output_params) {
-
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
    InfoUpdater info_updater{input_params, output_params, behavior_info};

    if (!info_updater.UpdateBehaviorInfo(behavior_info)) {
@@ -194,9 +208,6 @@ ResultCode AudioRenderer::UpdateAudioRenderer(const std::vector<u8>& input_param
        LOG_ERROR(Audio, "Audio buffers were not consumed!");
        return AudioCommon::Audren::ERR_INVALID_PARAMETERS;
    }
-
-    ReleaseAndQueueBuffers();
-
    return ResultSuccess;
 }

@@ -220,10 +231,8 @@ void AudioRenderer::QueueMixedBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag) {
    command_generator.PostCommand();
    // Base sample size
    std::size_t BUFFER_SIZE{worker_params.sample_count};
-    // Samples
-    std::vector<s16> buffer(BUFFER_SIZE * stream->GetNumChannels());
-    // Make sure to clear our samples
-    std::memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size() * sizeof(s16));
+    // Samples, making sure to clear
+    std::vector<s16> buffer(BUFFER_SIZE * stream->GetNumChannels(), 0);

    if (sink_context.InUse()) {
        const auto stream_channel_count = stream->GetNumChannels();
@@ -231,7 +240,7 @@ void AudioRenderer::QueueMixedBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag) {
        const auto channel_count = buffer_offsets.size();
        const auto& final_mix = mix_context.GetFinalMixInfo();
        const auto& in_params = final_mix.GetInParams();
-        std::vector<s32*> mix_buffers(channel_count);
+        std::vector<std::span<s32>> mix_buffers(channel_count);
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < channel_count; i++) {
            mix_buffers[i] =
                command_generator.GetMixBuffer(in_params.buffer_offset + buffer_offsets[i]);
@@ -284,18 +293,11 @@ void AudioRenderer::QueueMixedBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag) {
                    buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 0] = Mix2To1(fl_sample, fr_sample);
                } else if (stream_channel_count == 2) {
                    // Mix all channels into 2 channels
-                    if (sink_context.HasDownMixingCoefficients()) {
-                        const auto [left, right] = Mix6To2WithCoefficients(
-                            fl_sample, fr_sample, fc_sample, lf_sample, bl_sample, br_sample,
-                            sink_context.GetDownmixCoefficients());
-                        buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 0] = left;
-                        buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 1] = right;
-                    } else {
-                        const auto [left, right] = Mix6To2(fl_sample, fr_sample, fc_sample,
-                                                           lf_sample, bl_sample, br_sample);
-                        buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 0] = left;
-                        buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 1] = right;
-                    }
+                    const auto [left, right] = Mix6To2WithCoefficients(
+                        fl_sample, fr_sample, fc_sample, lf_sample, bl_sample, br_sample,
+                        sink_context.GetDownmixCoefficients());
+                    buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 0] = left;
+                    buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 1] = right;
                } else if (stream_channel_count == 6) {
                    // Pass through
                    buffer[i * stream_channel_count + 0] = fl_sample;
@@ -315,10 +317,24 @@ void AudioRenderer::QueueMixedBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag) {
 }

 void AudioRenderer::ReleaseAndQueueBuffers() {
-    const auto released_buffers{audio_out->GetTagsAndReleaseBuffers(stream)};
-    for (const auto& tag : released_buffers) {
-        QueueMixedBuffer(tag);
+    if (!stream->IsPlaying()) {
+        return;
    }
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+        const auto released_buffers{audio_out->GetTagsAndReleaseBuffers(stream)};
+        for (const auto& tag : released_buffers) {
+            QueueMixedBuffer(tag);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const f32 sample_rate = static_cast<f32>(GetSampleRate());
+    const f32 sample_count = static_cast<f32>(GetSampleCount());
+    const f32 consume_rate = sample_rate / (sample_count * (sample_count / 240));
+    const s32 ms = (1000 / static_cast<s32>(consume_rate)) - 1;
+    const std::chrono::milliseconds next_event_time(std::max(ms / NUM_BUFFERS, 1));
+    core_timing.ScheduleEvent(next_event_time, process_event, {});
 }

 } // namespace AudioCore
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@

 #include <array>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <vector>

 #include "audio_core/behavior_info.h"
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@ public:

    [[nodiscard]] ResultCode UpdateAudioRenderer(const std::vector<u8>& input_params,
                                                 std::vector<u8>& output_params);
+    [[nodiscard]] ResultCode Start();
+    [[nodiscard]] ResultCode Stop();
    void QueueMixedBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag);
    void ReleaseAndQueueBuffers();
    [[nodiscard]] u32 GetSampleRate() const;
@@ -68,6 +71,9 @@ private:
    Core::Memory::Memory& memory;
    CommandGenerator command_generator;
    std::size_t elapsed_frame_count{};
+    Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing;
+    std::shared_ptr<Core::Timing::EventType> process_event;
+    std::mutex mutex;
 };

 } // namespace AudioCore
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ constexpr std::array<f32, AudioCommon::I3DL2REVERB_TAPS> EARLY_GAIN{
    0.72867f, 0.69794f, 0.5464f,  0.24563f, 0.45214f, 0.44042f};

 template <std::size_t N>
-void ApplyMix(s32* output, const s32* input, s32 gain, s32 sample_count) {
+void ApplyMix(std::span<s32> output, std::span<const s32> input, s32 gain, s32 sample_count) {
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>(sample_count); i += N) {
        for (std::size_t j = 0; j < N; j++) {
            output[i + j] +=
@@ -40,7 +40,17 @@ void ApplyMix(s32* output, const s32* input, s32 gain, s32 sample_count) {
    }
 }

-s32 ApplyMixRamp(s32* output, const s32* input, float gain, float delta, s32 sample_count) {
+s32 ApplyMixRamp(std::span<s32> output, std::span<const s32> input, float gain, float delta,
+                 s32 sample_count) {
+    // XC2 passes in NaN mix volumes, causing further issues as we handle everything as s32 rather
+    // than float, so the NaN propogation is lost. As the samples get further modified for
+    // volume etc, they can get out of NaN range, so a later heuristic for catching this is
+    // more difficult. Handle it here by setting these samples to silence.
+    if (std::isnan(gain)) {
+        gain = 0.0f;
+        delta = 0.0f;
+    }
+
    s32 x = 0;
    for (s32 i = 0; i < sample_count; i++) {
        x = static_cast<s32>(static_cast<float>(input[i]) * gain);
@@ -50,20 +60,22 @@ s32 ApplyMixRamp(s32* output, const s32* input, float gain, float delta, s32 sam
    return x;
 }

-void ApplyGain(s32* output, const s32* input, s32 gain, s32 delta, s32 sample_count) {
+void ApplyGain(std::span<s32> output, std::span<const s32> input, s32 gain, s32 delta,
+               s32 sample_count) {
    for (s32 i = 0; i < sample_count; i++) {
        output[i] = static_cast<s32>((static_cast<s64>(input[i]) * gain + 0x4000) >> 15);
        gain += delta;
    }
 }

-void ApplyGainWithoutDelta(s32* output, const s32* input, s32 gain, s32 sample_count) {
+void ApplyGainWithoutDelta(std::span<s32> output, std::span<const s32> input, s32 gain,
+                           s32 sample_count) {
    for (s32 i = 0; i < sample_count; i++) {
        output[i] = static_cast<s32>((static_cast<s64>(input[i]) * gain + 0x4000) >> 15);
    }
 }

-s32 ApplyMixDepop(s32* output, s32 first_sample, s32 delta, s32 sample_count) {
+s32 ApplyMixDepop(std::span<s32> output, s32 first_sample, s32 delta, s32 sample_count) {
    const bool positive = first_sample > 0;
    auto final_sample = std::abs(first_sample);
    for (s32 i = 0; i < sample_count; i++) {
@@ -128,10 +140,10 @@ constexpr std::array<std::size_t, 20> REVERB_TAP_INDEX_6CH{4, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
                                                           1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3};

 template <std::size_t CHANNEL_COUNT>
-void ApplyReverbGeneric(I3dl2ReverbState& state,
-                        const std::array<const s32*, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT>& input,
-                        const std::array<s32*, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT>& output,
-                        s32 sample_count) {
+void ApplyReverbGeneric(
+    I3dl2ReverbState& state,
+    const std::array<std::span<const s32>, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT>& input,
+    const std::array<std::span<s32>, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT>& output, s32 sample_count) {

    auto GetTapLookup = []() {
        if constexpr (CHANNEL_COUNT == 1) {
@@ -400,7 +412,10 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateDataSourceCommand(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, Vo
        }
    } else {
        switch (in_params.sample_format) {
+        case SampleFormat::Pcm8:
        case SampleFormat::Pcm16:
+        case SampleFormat::Pcm32:
+        case SampleFormat::PcmFloat:
            DecodeFromWaveBuffers(voice_info, GetChannelMixBuffer(channel), dsp_state, channel,
                                  worker_params.sample_rate, worker_params.sample_count,
                                  in_params.node_id);
@@ -454,8 +469,8 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateBiquadFilterCommand([[maybe_unused]] s32 mix_buff
                  "input_mix_buffer={}, output_mix_buffer={}",
                  node_id, input_offset, output_offset);
    }
-    const auto* input = GetMixBuffer(input_offset);
-    auto* output = GetMixBuffer(output_offset);
+    std::span<const s32> input = GetMixBuffer(input_offset);
+    std::span<s32> output = GetMixBuffer(output_offset);

    // Biquad filter parameters
    const auto [n0, n1, n2] = params.numerator;
@@ -548,8 +563,8 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateI3dl2ReverbEffectCommand(s32 mix_buffer_offset, E
        return;
    }

-    std::array<const s32*, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT> input{};
-    std::array<s32*, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT> output{};
+    std::array<std::span<const s32>, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT> input{};
+    std::array<std::span<s32>, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT> output{};

    const auto status = params.status;
    for (s32 i = 0; i < channel_count; i++) {
@@ -584,7 +599,8 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateI3dl2ReverbEffectCommand(s32 mix_buffer_offset, E
        for (s32 i = 0; i < channel_count; i++) {
            // Only copy if the buffer input and output do not match!
            if ((mix_buffer_offset + params.input[i]) != (mix_buffer_offset + params.output[i])) {
-                std::memcpy(output[i], input[i], worker_params.sample_count * sizeof(s32));
+                std::memcpy(output[i].data(), input[i].data(),
+                            worker_params.sample_count * sizeof(s32));
            }
        }
    }
@@ -600,8 +616,8 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateBiquadFilterEffectCommand(s32 mix_buffer_offset,
    for (s32 i = 0; i < channel_count; i++) {
        // TODO(ogniK): Actually implement biquad filter
        if (params.input[i] != params.output[i]) {
-            const auto* input = GetMixBuffer(mix_buffer_offset + params.input[i]);
-            auto* output = GetMixBuffer(mix_buffer_offset + params.output[i]);
+            std::span<const s32> input = GetMixBuffer(mix_buffer_offset + params.input[i]);
+            std::span<s32> output = GetMixBuffer(mix_buffer_offset + params.output[i]);
            ApplyMix<1>(output, input, 32768, worker_params.sample_count);
        }
    }
@@ -640,14 +656,15 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateAuxCommand(s32 mix_buffer_offset, EffectBase* inf

                if (samples_read != static_cast<int>(worker_params.sample_count) &&
                    samples_read <= params.sample_count) {
-                    std::memset(GetMixBuffer(output_index), 0, params.sample_count - samples_read);
+                    std::memset(GetMixBuffer(output_index).data(), 0,
+                                params.sample_count - samples_read);
                }
            } else {
                AuxInfoDSP empty{};
                memory.WriteBlock(aux->GetSendInfo(), &empty, sizeof(AuxInfoDSP));
                memory.WriteBlock(aux->GetRecvInfo(), &empty, sizeof(AuxInfoDSP));
                if (output_index != input_index) {
-                    std::memcpy(GetMixBuffer(output_index), GetMixBuffer(input_index),
+                    std::memcpy(GetMixBuffer(output_index).data(), GetMixBuffer(input_index).data(),
                                worker_params.sample_count * sizeof(s32));
                }
            }
@@ -665,7 +682,7 @@ ServerSplitterDestinationData* CommandGenerator::GetDestinationData(s32 splitter
 }

 s32 CommandGenerator::WriteAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& dsp_info, VAddr send_buffer, u32 max_samples,
-                                     const s32* data, u32 sample_count, u32 write_offset,
+                                     std::span<const s32> data, u32 sample_count, u32 write_offset,
                                     u32 write_count) {
    if (max_samples == 0) {
        return 0;
@@ -675,14 +692,14 @@ s32 CommandGenerator::WriteAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& dsp_info, VAddr send_buffer, u3
        return 0;
    }

-    std::size_t data_offset{};
+    s32 data_offset{};
    u32 remaining = sample_count;
    while (remaining > 0) {
        // Get position in buffer
        const auto base = send_buffer + (offset * sizeof(u32));
        const auto samples_to_grab = std::min(max_samples - offset, remaining);
        // Write to output
-        memory.WriteBlock(base, (data + data_offset), samples_to_grab * sizeof(u32));
+        memory.WriteBlock(base, (data.data() + data_offset), samples_to_grab * sizeof(u32));
        offset = (offset + samples_to_grab) % max_samples;
        remaining -= samples_to_grab;
        data_offset += samples_to_grab;
@@ -695,7 +712,7 @@ s32 CommandGenerator::WriteAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& dsp_info, VAddr send_buffer, u3
 }

 s32 CommandGenerator::ReadAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& recv_info, VAddr recv_buffer, u32 max_samples,
-                                    s32* out_data, u32 sample_count, u32 read_offset,
+                                    std::span<s32> out_data, u32 sample_count, u32 read_offset,
                                    u32 read_count) {
    if (max_samples == 0) {
        return 0;
@@ -707,15 +724,16 @@ s32 CommandGenerator::ReadAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& recv_info, VAddr recv_buffer, u3
    }

    u32 remaining = sample_count;
+    s32 data_offset{};
    while (remaining > 0) {
        const auto base = recv_buffer + (offset * sizeof(u32));
        const auto samples_to_grab = std::min(max_samples - offset, remaining);
        std::vector<s32> buffer(samples_to_grab);
        memory.ReadBlock(base, buffer.data(), buffer.size() * sizeof(u32));
-        std::memcpy(out_data, buffer.data(), buffer.size() * sizeof(u32));
-        out_data += samples_to_grab;
+        std::memcpy(out_data.data() + data_offset, buffer.data(), buffer.size() * sizeof(u32));
        offset = (offset + samples_to_grab) % max_samples;
        remaining -= samples_to_grab;
+        data_offset += samples_to_grab;
    }

    if (read_count != 0) {
@@ -795,7 +813,7 @@ void CommandGenerator::UpdateI3dl2Reverb(I3dl2ReverbParams& info, I3dl2ReverbSta
        state.lowpass_1 = 0.0f;
    } else {
        const auto a = 1.0f - hf_gain;
-        const auto b = 2.0f * (1.0f - hf_gain * CosD(256.0f * info.hf_reference /
+        const auto b = 2.0f * (2.0f - hf_gain * CosD(256.0f * info.hf_reference /
                                                     static_cast<f32>(info.sample_rate)));
        const auto c = std::sqrt(b * b - 4.0f * a * a);

@@ -843,7 +861,7 @@ void CommandGenerator::UpdateI3dl2Reverb(I3dl2ReverbParams& info, I3dl2ReverbSta
    }

    const auto max_early_delay = state.early_delay_line.GetMaxDelay();
-    const auto reflection_time = 1000.0f * (0.0098f * info.reverb_delay + 0.02f);
+    const auto reflection_time = 1000.0f * (0.9998f * info.reverb_delay + 0.02f);
    for (std::size_t tap = 0; tap < AudioCommon::I3DL2REVERB_TAPS; tap++) {
        const auto length = AudioCommon::CalculateDelaySamples(
            sample_rate, 1000.0f * info.reflection_delay + reflection_time * EARLY_TAP_TIMES[tap]);
@@ -962,8 +980,8 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateMixCommand(std::size_t output_offset, std::size_t
                  node_id, input_offset, output_offset, volume);
    }

-    auto* output = GetMixBuffer(output_offset);
-    const auto* input = GetMixBuffer(input_offset);
+    std::span<s32> output = GetMixBuffer(output_offset);
+    std::span<const s32> input = GetMixBuffer(input_offset);

    const s32 gain = static_cast<s32>(volume * 32768.0f);
    // Mix with loop unrolling
@@ -1003,8 +1021,10 @@ void CommandGenerator::GenerateFinalMixCommand() {
    }
 }

-s32 CommandGenerator::DecodePcm16(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_state,
-                                  s32 sample_count, s32 channel, std::size_t mix_offset) {
+template <typename T>
+s32 CommandGenerator::DecodePcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_state,
+                                s32 sample_start_offset, s32 sample_end_offset, s32 sample_count,
+                                s32 channel, std::size_t mix_offset) {
    const auto& in_params = voice_info.GetInParams();
    const auto& wave_buffer = in_params.wave_buffer[dsp_state.wave_buffer_index];
    if (wave_buffer.buffer_address == 0) {
@@ -1013,39 +1033,50 @@ s32 CommandGenerator::DecodePcm16(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_s
    if (wave_buffer.buffer_size == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
-    if (wave_buffer.end_sample_offset < wave_buffer.start_sample_offset) {
+    if (sample_end_offset < sample_start_offset) {
        return 0;
    }
-    const auto samples_remaining =
-        (wave_buffer.end_sample_offset - wave_buffer.start_sample_offset) - dsp_state.offset;
+    const auto samples_remaining = (sample_end_offset - sample_start_offset) - dsp_state.offset;
    const auto start_offset =
-        ((wave_buffer.start_sample_offset + dsp_state.offset) * in_params.channel_count) *
-        sizeof(s16);
+        ((dsp_state.offset + sample_start_offset) * in_params.channel_count) * sizeof(T);
    const auto buffer_pos = wave_buffer.buffer_address + start_offset;
    const auto samples_processed = std::min(sample_count, samples_remaining);

-    if (in_params.channel_count == 1) {
-        std::vector<s16> buffer(samples_processed);
-        memory.ReadBlock(buffer_pos, buffer.data(), buffer.size() * sizeof(s16));
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-            sample_buffer[mix_offset + i] = buffer[i];
-        }
-    } else {
-        const auto channel_count = in_params.channel_count;
-        std::vector<s16> buffer(samples_processed * channel_count);
-        memory.ReadBlock(buffer_pos, buffer.data(), buffer.size() * sizeof(s16));
+    const auto channel_count = in_params.channel_count;
+    std::vector<T> buffer(samples_processed * channel_count);
+    memory.ReadBlock(buffer_pos, buffer.data(), buffer.size() * sizeof(T));

+    if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<T>) {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>(samples_processed); i++) {
+            sample_buffer[mix_offset + i] = static_cast<s32>(buffer[i * channel_count + channel] *
+                                                             std::numeric_limits<s16>::max());
+        }
+    } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 1) {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>(samples_processed); i++) {
+            sample_buffer[mix_offset + i] =
+                static_cast<s32>(static_cast<f32>(buffer[i * channel_count + channel] /
+                                                  std::numeric_limits<s8>::max()) *
+                                 std::numeric_limits<s16>::max());
+        }
+    } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 2) {
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>(samples_processed); i++) {
            sample_buffer[mix_offset + i] = buffer[i * channel_count + channel];
        }
+    } else {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>(samples_processed); i++) {
+            sample_buffer[mix_offset + i] =
+                static_cast<s32>(static_cast<f32>(buffer[i * channel_count + channel] /
+                                                  std::numeric_limits<s32>::max()) *
+                                 std::numeric_limits<s16>::max());
+        }
    }

    return samples_processed;
 }

 s32 CommandGenerator::DecodeAdpcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_state,
-                                  s32 sample_count, [[maybe_unused]] s32 channel,
-                                  std::size_t mix_offset) {
+                                  s32 sample_start_offset, s32 sample_end_offset, s32 sample_count,
+                                  [[maybe_unused]] s32 channel, std::size_t mix_offset) {
    const auto& in_params = voice_info.GetInParams();
    const auto& wave_buffer = in_params.wave_buffer[dsp_state.wave_buffer_index];
    if (wave_buffer.buffer_address == 0) {
@@ -1054,7 +1085,7 @@ s32 CommandGenerator::DecodeAdpcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_s
    if (wave_buffer.buffer_size == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
-    if (wave_buffer.end_sample_offset < wave_buffer.start_sample_offset) {
+    if (sample_end_offset < sample_start_offset) {
        return 0;
    }

@@ -1079,10 +1110,9 @@ s32 CommandGenerator::DecodeAdpcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_s
    s32 coef1 = coeffs[idx * 2];
    s32 coef2 = coeffs[idx * 2 + 1];

-    const auto samples_remaining =
-        (wave_buffer.end_sample_offset - wave_buffer.start_sample_offset) - dsp_state.offset;
+    const auto samples_remaining = (sample_end_offset - sample_start_offset) - dsp_state.offset;
    const auto samples_processed = std::min(sample_count, samples_remaining);
-    const auto sample_pos = wave_buffer.start_sample_offset + dsp_state.offset;
+    const auto sample_pos = dsp_state.offset + sample_start_offset;

    const auto samples_remaining_in_frame = sample_pos % SAMPLES_PER_FRAME;
    auto position_in_frame = ((sample_pos / SAMPLES_PER_FRAME) * NIBBLES_PER_SAMPLE) +
@@ -1157,12 +1187,14 @@ s32 CommandGenerator::DecodeAdpcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_s
    return samples_processed;
 }

-s32* CommandGenerator::GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index) {
-    return mix_buffer.data() + (index * worker_params.sample_count);
+std::span<s32> CommandGenerator::GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index) {
+    return std::span<s32>(mix_buffer.data() + (index * worker_params.sample_count),
+                          worker_params.sample_count);
 }

-const s32* CommandGenerator::GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index) const {
-    return mix_buffer.data() + (index * worker_params.sample_count);
+std::span<const s32> CommandGenerator::GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index) const {
+    return std::span<const s32>(mix_buffer.data() + (index * worker_params.sample_count),
+                                worker_params.sample_count);
 }

 std::size_t CommandGenerator::GetMixChannelBufferOffset(s32 channel) const {
@@ -1173,15 +1205,15 @@ std::size_t CommandGenerator::GetTotalMixBufferCount() const {
    return worker_params.mix_buffer_count + AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT;
 }

-s32* CommandGenerator::GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel) {
+std::span<s32> CommandGenerator::GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel) {
    return GetMixBuffer(worker_params.mix_buffer_count + channel);
 }

-const s32* CommandGenerator::GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel) const {
+std::span<const s32> CommandGenerator::GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel) const {
    return GetMixBuffer(worker_params.mix_buffer_count + channel);
 }

-void CommandGenerator::DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, s32* output,
+void CommandGenerator::DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, std::span<s32> output,
                                             VoiceState& dsp_state, s32 channel,
                                             s32 target_sample_rate, s32 sample_count,
                                             s32 node_id) {
@@ -1193,7 +1225,7 @@ void CommandGenerator::DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, s32* o
                  node_id, channel, in_params.sample_format, sample_count, in_params.sample_rate,
                  in_params.mix_id, in_params.splitter_info_id);
    }
-    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(output != nullptr, { return; });
+    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(output.data() != nullptr, { return; });

    const auto resample_rate = static_cast<s32>(
        static_cast<float>(in_params.sample_rate) / static_cast<float>(target_sample_rate) *
@@ -1210,9 +1242,9 @@ void CommandGenerator::DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, s32* o
    }

    std::size_t temp_mix_offset{};
-    bool is_buffer_completed{false};
+    s32 samples_output{};
    auto samples_remaining = sample_count;
-    while (samples_remaining > 0 && !is_buffer_completed) {
+    while (samples_remaining > 0) {
        const auto samples_to_output = std::min(samples_remaining, min_required_samples);
        const auto samples_to_read = (samples_to_output * resample_rate + dsp_state.fraction) >> 15;

@@ -1229,24 +1261,53 @@ void CommandGenerator::DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, s32* o
            const auto& wave_buffer = in_params.wave_buffer[dsp_state.wave_buffer_index];
            // No more data can be read
            if (!dsp_state.is_wave_buffer_valid[dsp_state.wave_buffer_index]) {
-                is_buffer_completed = true;
                break;
            }

            if (in_params.sample_format == SampleFormat::Adpcm && dsp_state.offset == 0 &&
                wave_buffer.context_address != 0 && wave_buffer.context_size != 0) {
-                // TODO(ogniK): ADPCM loop context
+                memory.ReadBlock(wave_buffer.context_address, &dsp_state.context,
+                                 sizeof(ADPCMContext));
+            }
+
+            s32 samples_offset_start;
+            s32 samples_offset_end;
+            if (dsp_state.loop_count > 0 && wave_buffer.loop_start_sample != 0 &&
+                wave_buffer.loop_end_sample != 0 &&
+                wave_buffer.loop_start_sample <= wave_buffer.loop_end_sample) {
+                samples_offset_start = wave_buffer.loop_start_sample;
+                samples_offset_end = wave_buffer.loop_end_sample;
+            } else {
+                samples_offset_start = wave_buffer.start_sample_offset;
+                samples_offset_end = wave_buffer.end_sample_offset;
            }

            s32 samples_decoded{0};
            switch (in_params.sample_format) {
+            case SampleFormat::Pcm8:
+                samples_decoded =
+                    DecodePcm<s8>(voice_info, dsp_state, samples_offset_start, samples_offset_end,
+                                  samples_to_read - samples_read, channel, temp_mix_offset);
+                break;
            case SampleFormat::Pcm16:
-                samples_decoded = DecodePcm16(voice_info, dsp_state, samples_to_read - samples_read,
-                                              channel, temp_mix_offset);
+                samples_decoded =
+                    DecodePcm<s16>(voice_info, dsp_state, samples_offset_start, samples_offset_end,
+                                   samples_to_read - samples_read, channel, temp_mix_offset);
+                break;
+            case SampleFormat::Pcm32:
+                samples_decoded =
+                    DecodePcm<s32>(voice_info, dsp_state, samples_offset_start, samples_offset_end,
+                                   samples_to_read - samples_read, channel, temp_mix_offset);
+                break;
+            case SampleFormat::PcmFloat:
+                samples_decoded =
+                    DecodePcm<f32>(voice_info, dsp_state, samples_offset_start, samples_offset_end,
+                                   samples_to_read - samples_read, channel, temp_mix_offset);
                break;
            case SampleFormat::Adpcm:
-                samples_decoded = DecodeAdpcm(voice_info, dsp_state, samples_to_read - samples_read,
-                                              channel, temp_mix_offset);
+                samples_decoded =
+                    DecodeAdpcm(voice_info, dsp_state, samples_offset_start, samples_offset_end,
+                                samples_to_read - samples_read, channel, temp_mix_offset);
                break;
            default:
                UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unimplemented sample format={}", in_params.sample_format);
@@ -1257,15 +1318,19 @@ void CommandGenerator::DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, s32* o
            dsp_state.offset += samples_decoded;
            dsp_state.played_sample_count += samples_decoded;

-            if (dsp_state.offset >=
-                    (wave_buffer.end_sample_offset - wave_buffer.start_sample_offset) ||
+            if (dsp_state.offset >= (samples_offset_end - samples_offset_start) ||
                samples_decoded == 0) {
                // Reset our sample offset
                dsp_state.offset = 0;
                if (wave_buffer.is_looping) {
-                    if (samples_decoded == 0) {
+                    dsp_state.loop_count++;
+                    if (wave_buffer.loop_count > 0 &&
+                        (dsp_state.loop_count > wave_buffer.loop_count || samples_decoded == 0)) {
                        // End of our buffer
-                        is_buffer_completed = true;
+                        voice_info.SetWaveBufferCompleted(dsp_state, wave_buffer);
+                    }
+
+                    if (samples_decoded == 0) {
                        break;
                    }

@@ -1273,35 +1338,29 @@ void CommandGenerator::DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, s32* o
                        dsp_state.played_sample_count = 0;
                    }
                } else {
-
                    // Update our wave buffer states
-                    dsp_state.is_wave_buffer_valid[dsp_state.wave_buffer_index] = false;
-                    dsp_state.wave_buffer_consumed++;
-                    dsp_state.wave_buffer_index =
-                        (dsp_state.wave_buffer_index + 1) % AudioCommon::MAX_WAVE_BUFFERS;
-                    if (wave_buffer.end_of_stream) {
-                        dsp_state.played_sample_count = 0;
-                    }
+                    voice_info.SetWaveBufferCompleted(dsp_state, wave_buffer);
                }
            }
        }

        if (in_params.behavior_flags.is_pitch_and_src_skipped.Value()) {
            // No need to resample
-            std::memcpy(output, sample_buffer.data(), samples_read * sizeof(s32));
+            std::memcpy(output.data() + samples_output, sample_buffer.data(),
+                        samples_read * sizeof(s32));
        } else {
            std::fill(sample_buffer.begin() + temp_mix_offset,
                      sample_buffer.begin() + temp_mix_offset + (samples_to_read - samples_read),
                      0);
-            AudioCore::Resample(output, sample_buffer.data(), resample_rate, dsp_state.fraction,
-                                samples_to_output);
+            AudioCore::Resample(output.data() + samples_output, sample_buffer.data(), resample_rate,
+                                dsp_state.fraction, samples_to_output);
            // Resample
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < AudioCommon::MAX_SAMPLE_HISTORY; i++) {
                dsp_state.sample_history[i] = sample_buffer[samples_to_read + i];
            }
        }
-        output += samples_to_output;
        samples_remaining -= samples_to_output;
+        samples_output += samples_to_output;
    }
 }

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <array>
+#include <span>
 #include "audio_core/common.h"
 #include "audio_core/voice_context.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -41,10 +42,10 @@ public:
    void PreCommand();
    void PostCommand();

-    [[nodiscard]] s32* GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel);
-    [[nodiscard]] const s32* GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel) const;
-    [[nodiscard]] s32* GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index);
-    [[nodiscard]] const s32* GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<s32> GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<const s32> GetChannelMixBuffer(s32 channel) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<s32> GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<const s32> GetMixBuffer(std::size_t index) const;
    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t GetMixChannelBufferOffset(s32 channel) const;

    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t GetTotalMixBufferCount() const;
@@ -77,21 +78,24 @@ private:
    void GenerateAuxCommand(s32 mix_buffer_offset, EffectBase* info, bool enabled);
    [[nodiscard]] ServerSplitterDestinationData* GetDestinationData(s32 splitter_id, s32 index);

-    s32 WriteAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& dsp_info, VAddr send_buffer, u32 max_samples, const s32* data,
-                       u32 sample_count, u32 write_offset, u32 write_count);
-    s32 ReadAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& recv_info, VAddr recv_buffer, u32 max_samples, s32* out_data,
-                      u32 sample_count, u32 read_offset, u32 read_count);
+    s32 WriteAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& dsp_info, VAddr send_buffer, u32 max_samples,
+                       std::span<const s32> data, u32 sample_count, u32 write_offset,
+                       u32 write_count);
+    s32 ReadAuxBuffer(AuxInfoDSP& recv_info, VAddr recv_buffer, u32 max_samples,
+                      std::span<s32> out_data, u32 sample_count, u32 read_offset, u32 read_count);

    void InitializeI3dl2Reverb(I3dl2ReverbParams& info, I3dl2ReverbState& state,
                               std::vector<u8>& work_buffer);
    void UpdateI3dl2Reverb(I3dl2ReverbParams& info, I3dl2ReverbState& state, bool should_clear);
    // DSP Code
-    s32 DecodePcm16(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_state, s32 sample_count,
-                    s32 channel, std::size_t mix_offset);
-    s32 DecodeAdpcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_state, s32 sample_count,
-                    s32 channel, std::size_t mix_offset);
-    void DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, s32* output, VoiceState& dsp_state,
-                               s32 channel, s32 target_sample_rate, s32 sample_count, s32 node_id);
+    template <typename T>
+    s32 DecodePcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_state, s32 sample_start_offset,
+                  s32 sample_end_offset, s32 sample_count, s32 channel, std::size_t mix_offset);
+    s32 DecodeAdpcm(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, VoiceState& dsp_state, s32 sample_start_offset,
+                    s32 sample_end_offset, s32 sample_count, s32 channel, std::size_t mix_offset);
+    void DecodeFromWaveBuffers(ServerVoiceInfo& voice_info, std::span<s32> output,
+                               VoiceState& dsp_state, s32 channel, s32 target_sample_rate,
+                               s32 sample_count, s32 node_id);

    AudioCommon::AudioRendererParameter& worker_params;
    VoiceContext& voice_context;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_PARAMETERS{ErrorModule::Audio, 41};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_SPLITTER_SORT_FAILED{ErrorModule::Audio, 43};
 } // namespace Audren

-constexpr u32_le CURRENT_PROCESS_REVISION = Common::MakeMagic('R', 'E', 'V', '8');
+constexpr u32_le CURRENT_PROCESS_REVISION = Common::MakeMagic('R', 'E', 'V', '9');
 constexpr std::size_t MAX_MIX_BUFFERS = 24;
 constexpr std::size_t MAX_BIQUAD_FILTERS = 2;
 constexpr std::size_t MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT = 6;
@@ -189,9 +189,6 @@ bool InfoUpdater::UpdateVoices(VoiceContext& voice_context,
        if (voice_in_params.is_new) {
            // Default our values for our voice
            voice_info.Initialize();
-            if (channel_count == 0 || channel_count > AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT) {
-                continue;
-            }

            // Zero out our voice states
            for (std::size_t channel = 0; channel < channel_count; channel++) {
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstring>
+#include "audio_core/sdl2_sink.h"
+#include "audio_core/stream.h"
+#include "audio_core/time_stretch.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+//#include "common/settings.h"
+
+// Ignore -Wimplicit-fallthrough due to https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/4307
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
+#endif
+#include <SDL.h>
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+namespace AudioCore {
+
+class SDLSinkStream final : public SinkStream {
+public:
+    SDLSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels_, const std::string& output_device)
+        : num_channels{std::min(num_channels_, 6u)}, time_stretch{sample_rate, num_channels} {
+
+        SDL_AudioSpec spec;
+        spec.freq = sample_rate;
+        spec.channels = static_cast<u8>(num_channels);
+        spec.format = AUDIO_S16SYS;
+        spec.samples = 4096;
+        spec.callback = nullptr;
+
+        SDL_AudioSpec obtained;
+        if (output_device.empty()) {
+            dev = SDL_OpenAudioDevice(nullptr, 0, &spec, &obtained, 0);
+        } else {
+            dev = SDL_OpenAudioDevice(output_device.c_str(), 0, &spec, &obtained, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (dev == 0) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "Error opening sdl audio device: {}", SDL_GetError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        SDL_PauseAudioDevice(dev, 0);
+    }
+
+    ~SDLSinkStream() override {
+        if (dev == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        SDL_CloseAudioDevice(dev);
+    }
+
+    void EnqueueSamples(u32 source_num_channels, const std::vector<s16>& samples) override {
+        if (source_num_channels > num_channels) {
+            // Downsample 6 channels to 2
+            ASSERT_MSG(source_num_channels == 6, "Channel count must be 6");
+
+            std::vector<s16> buf;
+            buf.reserve(samples.size() * num_channels / source_num_channels);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < samples.size(); i += source_num_channels) {
+                // Downmixing implementation taken from the ATSC standard
+                const s16 left{samples[i + 0]};
+                const s16 right{samples[i + 1]};
+                const s16 center{samples[i + 2]};
+                const s16 surround_left{samples[i + 4]};
+                const s16 surround_right{samples[i + 5]};
+                // Not used in the ATSC reference implementation
+                [[maybe_unused]] const s16 low_frequency_effects{samples[i + 3]};
+
+                constexpr s32 clev{707}; // center mixing level coefficient
+                constexpr s32 slev{707}; // surround mixing level coefficient
+
+                buf.push_back(static_cast<s16>(left + (clev * center / 1000) +
+                                               (slev * surround_left / 1000)));
+                buf.push_back(static_cast<s16>(right + (clev * center / 1000) +
+                                               (slev * surround_right / 1000)));
+            }
+            int ret = SDL_QueueAudio(dev, static_cast<const void*>(buf.data()),
+                                     static_cast<u32>(buf.size() * sizeof(s16)));
+            if (ret < 0)
+                LOG_WARNING(Audio_Sink, "Could not queue audio buffer: {}", SDL_GetError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int ret = SDL_QueueAudio(dev, static_cast<const void*>(samples.data()),
+                                 static_cast<u32>(samples.size() * sizeof(s16)));
+        if (ret < 0)
+            LOG_WARNING(Audio_Sink, "Could not queue audio buffer: {}", SDL_GetError());
+    }
+
+    std::size_t SamplesInQueue(u32 channel_count) const override {
+        if (dev == 0)
+            return 0;
+
+        return SDL_GetQueuedAudioSize(dev) / (channel_count * sizeof(s16));
+    }
+
+    void Flush() override {
+        should_flush = true;
+    }
+
+    u32 GetNumChannels() const {
+        return num_channels;
+    }
+
+private:
+    SDL_AudioDeviceID dev = 0;
+    u32 num_channels{};
+    std::atomic<bool> should_flush{};
+    TimeStretcher time_stretch;
+};
+
+SDLSink::SDLSink(std::string_view target_device_name) {
+    if (!SDL_WasInit(SDL_INIT_AUDIO)) {
+        if (SDL_InitSubSystem(SDL_INIT_AUDIO) < 0) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "SDL_InitSubSystem audio failed: {}", SDL_GetError());
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (target_device_name != auto_device_name && !target_device_name.empty()) {
+        output_device = target_device_name;
+    } else {
+        output_device.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+SDLSink::~SDLSink() = default;
+
+SinkStream& SDLSink::AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels, const std::string&) {
+    sink_streams.push_back(
+        std::make_unique<SDLSinkStream>(sample_rate, num_channels, output_device));
+    return *sink_streams.back();
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> ListSDLSinkDevices() {
+    std::vector<std::string> device_list;
+
+    if (!SDL_WasInit(SDL_INIT_AUDIO)) {
+        if (SDL_InitSubSystem(SDL_INIT_AUDIO) < 0) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "SDL_InitSubSystem audio failed: {}", SDL_GetError());
+            return {};
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int device_count = SDL_GetNumAudioDevices(0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < device_count; ++i) {
+        device_list.emplace_back(SDL_GetAudioDeviceName(i, 0));
+    }
+
+    return device_list;
+}
+
+} // namespace AudioCore
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "audio_core/sink.h"
+
+namespace AudioCore {
+
+class SDLSink final : public Sink {
+public:
+    explicit SDLSink(std::string_view device_id);
+    ~SDLSink() override;
+
+    SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels,
+                                  const std::string& name) override;
+
+private:
+    std::string output_device;
+    std::vector<SinkStreamPtr> sink_streams;
+};
+
+std::vector<std::string> ListSDLSinkDevices();
+
+} // namespace AudioCore
@@ -15,10 +15,17 @@ std::size_t SinkContext::GetCount() const {
 void SinkContext::UpdateMainSink(const SinkInfo::InParams& in) {
    ASSERT(in.type == SinkTypes::Device);

-    has_downmix_coefs = in.device.down_matrix_enabled;
-    if (has_downmix_coefs) {
+    if (in.device.down_matrix_enabled) {
        downmix_coefficients = in.device.down_matrix_coef;
+    } else {
+        downmix_coefficients = {
+            1.0f,   // front
+            0.707f, // center
+            0.0f,   // lfe
+            0.707f, // back
+        };
    }
+
    in_use = in.in_use;
    use_count = in.device.input_count;
    buffers = in.device.input;
@@ -34,10 +41,6 @@ std::vector<u8> SinkContext::OutputBuffers() const {
    return buffer_ret;
 }

-bool SinkContext::HasDownMixingCoefficients() const {
-    return has_downmix_coefs;
-}
-
 const DownmixCoefficients& SinkContext::GetDownmixCoefficients() const {
    return downmix_coefficients;
 }
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@

 #pragma once

+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
 #include "audio_core/common.h"
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -82,7 +84,6 @@ public:
    [[nodiscard]] bool InUse() const;
    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<u8> OutputBuffers() const;

-    [[nodiscard]] bool HasDownMixingCoefficients() const;
    [[nodiscard]] const DownmixCoefficients& GetDownmixCoefficients() const;

 private:
@@ -90,7 +91,6 @@ private:
    s32 use_count{};
    std::array<u8, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT> buffers{};
    std::size_t sink_count{};
-    bool has_downmix_coefs{false};
    DownmixCoefficients downmix_coefficients{};
 };
 } // namespace AudioCore
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_CUBEB
 #include "audio_core/cubeb_sink.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SDL2
+#include "audio_core/sdl2_sink.h"
+#endif
 #include "common/logging/log.h"

 namespace AudioCore {
@@ -35,6 +38,13 @@ constexpr SinkDetails sink_details[] = {
                    return std::make_unique<CubebSink>(device_id);
                },
                &ListCubebSinkDevices},
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SDL2
+    SinkDetails{"sdl2",
+                [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
+                    return std::make_unique<SDLSink>(device_id);
+                },
+                &ListSDLSinkDevices},
 #endif
    SinkDetails{"null",
                [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
@@ -107,9 +107,12 @@ void Stream::PlayNextBuffer(std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) {
    active_buffer = queued_buffers.front();
    queued_buffers.pop();

-    VolumeAdjustSamples(active_buffer->GetSamples(), game_volume);
+    auto& samples = active_buffer->GetSamples();

-    sink_stream.EnqueueSamples(GetNumChannels(), active_buffer->GetSamples());
+    VolumeAdjustSamples(samples, game_volume);
+
+    sink_stream.EnqueueSamples(GetNumChannels(), samples);
+    played_samples += samples.size();

    const auto buffer_release_ns = GetBufferReleaseNS(*active_buffer);

@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ public:
        return sample_rate;
    }

+    /// Gets the number of samples played so far
+    [[nodiscard]] u64 GetPlayedSampleCount() const {
+        return played_samples;
+    }
+
    /// Gets the number of channels
    [[nodiscard]] u32 GetNumChannels() const;

@@ -106,6 +111,7 @@ private:
    [[nodiscard]] std::chrono::nanoseconds GetBufferReleaseNS(const Buffer& buffer) const;

    u32 sample_rate;                  ///< Sample rate of the stream
+    u64 played_samples{};             ///< The current played sample count
    Format format;                    ///< Format of the stream
    float game_volume = 1.0f;         ///< The volume the game currently has set
    ReleaseCallback release_callback; ///< Buffer release callback for the stream
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void ServerVoiceInfo::Initialize() {
    in_params.last_volume = 0.0f;
    in_params.biquad_filter.fill({});
    in_params.wave_buffer_count = 0;
-    in_params.wave_bufffer_head = 0;
+    in_params.wave_buffer_head = 0;
    in_params.mix_id = AudioCommon::NO_MIX;
    in_params.splitter_info_id = AudioCommon::NO_SPLITTER;
    in_params.additional_params_address = 0;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void ServerVoiceInfo::Initialize() {
    out_params.played_sample_count = 0;
    out_params.wave_buffer_consumed = 0;
    in_params.voice_drop_flag = false;
-    in_params.buffer_mapped = false;
+    in_params.buffer_mapped = true;
    in_params.wave_buffer_flush_request_count = 0;
    in_params.was_biquad_filter_enabled.fill(false);

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ void ServerVoiceInfo::UpdateParameters(const VoiceInfo::InParams& voice_in,
    in_params.volume = voice_in.volume;
    in_params.biquad_filter = voice_in.biquad_filter;
    in_params.wave_buffer_count = voice_in.wave_buffer_count;
-    in_params.wave_bufffer_head = voice_in.wave_buffer_head;
+    in_params.wave_buffer_head = voice_in.wave_buffer_head;
    if (behavior_info.IsFlushVoiceWaveBuffersSupported()) {
        const auto in_request_count = in_params.wave_buffer_flush_request_count;
        const auto voice_request_count = voice_in.wave_buffer_flush_request_count;
@@ -185,14 +185,16 @@ void ServerVoiceInfo::UpdateWaveBuffers(
            wave_buffer.buffer_size = 0;
            wave_buffer.context_address = 0;
            wave_buffer.context_size = 0;
+            wave_buffer.loop_start_sample = 0;
+            wave_buffer.loop_end_sample = 0;
            wave_buffer.sent_to_dsp = true;
        }

        // Mark all our wave buffers as invalid
        for (std::size_t channel = 0; channel < static_cast<std::size_t>(in_params.channel_count);
             channel++) {
-            for (auto& is_valid : voice_states[channel]->is_wave_buffer_valid) {
-                is_valid = false;
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < AudioCommon::MAX_WAVE_BUFFERS; ++i) {
+                voice_states[channel]->is_wave_buffer_valid[i] = false;
            }
        }
    }
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ void ServerVoiceInfo::UpdateWaveBuffer(ServerWaveBuffer& out_wavebuffer,
                                       const WaveBuffer& in_wave_buffer, SampleFormat sample_format,
                                       bool is_buffer_valid,
                                       [[maybe_unused]] BehaviorInfo& behavior_info) {
-    if (!is_buffer_valid && out_wavebuffer.sent_to_dsp) {
+    if (!is_buffer_valid && out_wavebuffer.sent_to_dsp && out_wavebuffer.buffer_address != 0) {
        out_wavebuffer.buffer_address = 0;
        out_wavebuffer.buffer_size = 0;
    }
@@ -219,11 +221,40 @@ void ServerVoiceInfo::UpdateWaveBuffer(ServerWaveBuffer& out_wavebuffer,
    if (!in_wave_buffer.sent_to_server || !in_params.buffer_mapped) {
        // Validate sample offset sizings
        if (sample_format == SampleFormat::Pcm16) {
-            const auto buffer_size = in_wave_buffer.buffer_size;
-            if (in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset < 0 || in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset < 0 ||
-                (buffer_size < (sizeof(s16) * in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset)) ||
-                (buffer_size < (sizeof(s16) * in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset))) {
+            const s64 buffer_size = static_cast<s64>(in_wave_buffer.buffer_size);
+            const s64 start = sizeof(s16) * in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset;
+            const s64 end = sizeof(s16) * in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset;
+            if (0 > start || start > buffer_size || 0 > end || end > buffer_size) {
                // TODO(ogniK): Write error info
+                LOG_ERROR(Audio,
+                          "PCM16 wavebuffer has an invalid size. Buffer has size 0x{:08X}, but "
+                          "offsets were "
+                          "{:08X} - 0x{:08X}",
+                          buffer_size, sizeof(s16) * in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset,
+                          sizeof(s16) * in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset);
+                return;
+            }
+        } else if (sample_format == SampleFormat::Adpcm) {
+            const s64 buffer_size = static_cast<s64>(in_wave_buffer.buffer_size);
+            const s64 start_frames = in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset / 14;
+            const s64 start_extra = in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset % 14 == 0
+                                        ? 0
+                                        : (in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset % 14) / 2 + 1 +
+                                              (in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset % 2);
+            const s64 start = start_frames * 8 + start_extra;
+            const s64 end_frames = in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset / 14;
+            const s64 end_extra = in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset % 14 == 0
+                                      ? 0
+                                      : (in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset % 14) / 2 + 1 +
+                                            (in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset % 2);
+            const s64 end = end_frames * 8 + end_extra;
+            if (in_wave_buffer.start_sample_offset < 0 || start > buffer_size ||
+                in_wave_buffer.end_sample_offset < 0 || end > buffer_size) {
+                LOG_ERROR(Audio,
+                          "ADPMC wavebuffer has an invalid size. Buffer has size 0x{:08X}, but "
+                          "offsets were "
+                          "{:08X} - 0x{:08X}",
+                          in_wave_buffer.buffer_size, start, end);
                return;
            }
        }
@@ -239,29 +270,34 @@ void ServerVoiceInfo::UpdateWaveBuffer(ServerWaveBuffer& out_wavebuffer,
        out_wavebuffer.buffer_size = in_wave_buffer.buffer_size;
        out_wavebuffer.context_address = in_wave_buffer.context_address;
        out_wavebuffer.context_size = in_wave_buffer.context_size;
+        out_wavebuffer.loop_start_sample = in_wave_buffer.loop_start_sample;
+        out_wavebuffer.loop_end_sample = in_wave_buffer.loop_end_sample;
        in_params.buffer_mapped =
            in_wave_buffer.buffer_address != 0 && in_wave_buffer.buffer_size != 0;
        // TODO(ogniK): Pool mapper attachment
        // TODO(ogniK): IsAdpcmLoopContextBugFixed
+        if (sample_format == SampleFormat::Adpcm && in_wave_buffer.context_address != 0 &&
+            in_wave_buffer.context_size != 0 && behavior_info.IsAdpcmLoopContextBugFixed()) {
+        } else {
+            out_wavebuffer.context_address = 0;
+            out_wavebuffer.context_size = 0;
+        }
    }
 }

 void ServerVoiceInfo::WriteOutStatus(
    VoiceInfo::OutParams& voice_out, VoiceInfo::InParams& voice_in,
    std::array<VoiceState*, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT>& voice_states) {
-    if (voice_in.is_new) {
+    if (voice_in.is_new || in_params.is_new) {
        in_params.is_new = true;
        voice_out.wave_buffer_consumed = 0;
        voice_out.played_sample_count = 0;
        voice_out.voice_dropped = false;
-    } else if (!in_params.is_new) {
-        voice_out.wave_buffer_consumed = voice_states[0]->wave_buffer_consumed;
-        voice_out.played_sample_count = voice_states[0]->played_sample_count;
-        voice_out.voice_dropped = in_params.voice_drop_flag;
    } else {
-        voice_out.wave_buffer_consumed = 0;
-        voice_out.played_sample_count = 0;
-        voice_out.voice_dropped = false;
+        const auto& state = voice_states[0];
+        voice_out.wave_buffer_consumed = state->wave_buffer_consumed;
+        voice_out.played_sample_count = state->played_sample_count;
+        voice_out.voice_dropped = state->voice_dropped;
    }
 }

@@ -283,7 +319,8 @@ ServerVoiceInfo::OutParams& ServerVoiceInfo::GetOutParams() {

 bool ServerVoiceInfo::ShouldSkip() const {
    // TODO(ogniK): Handle unmapped wave buffers or parameters
-    return !in_params.in_use || (in_params.wave_buffer_count == 0) || in_params.voice_drop_flag;
+    return !in_params.in_use || in_params.wave_buffer_count == 0 || !in_params.buffer_mapped ||
+           in_params.voice_drop_flag;
 }

 bool ServerVoiceInfo::UpdateForCommandGeneration(VoiceContext& voice_context) {
@@ -381,7 +418,7 @@ bool ServerVoiceInfo::UpdateParametersForCommandGeneration(
 void ServerVoiceInfo::FlushWaveBuffers(
    u8 flush_count, std::array<VoiceState*, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT>& dsp_voice_states,
    s32 channel_count) {
-    auto wave_head = in_params.wave_bufffer_head;
+    auto wave_head = in_params.wave_buffer_head;

    for (u8 i = 0; i < flush_count; i++) {
        in_params.wave_buffer[wave_head].sent_to_dsp = true;
@@ -401,6 +438,17 @@ bool ServerVoiceInfo::HasValidWaveBuffer(const VoiceState* state) const {
    return std::find(valid_wb.begin(), valid_wb.end(), true) != valid_wb.end();
 }

+void ServerVoiceInfo::SetWaveBufferCompleted(VoiceState& dsp_state,
+                                             const ServerWaveBuffer& wave_buffer) {
+    dsp_state.is_wave_buffer_valid[dsp_state.wave_buffer_index] = false;
+    dsp_state.wave_buffer_consumed++;
+    dsp_state.wave_buffer_index = (dsp_state.wave_buffer_index + 1) % AudioCommon::MAX_WAVE_BUFFERS;
+    dsp_state.loop_count = 0;
+    if (wave_buffer.end_of_stream) {
+        dsp_state.played_sample_count = 0;
+    }
+}
+
 VoiceContext::VoiceContext(std::size_t voice_count_) : voice_count{voice_count_} {
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < voice_count; i++) {
        voice_channel_resources.emplace_back(static_cast<s32>(i));
@@ -60,10 +60,12 @@ struct WaveBuffer {
    u8 is_looping{};
    u8 end_of_stream{};
    u8 sent_to_server{};
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(5);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+    s32 loop_count{};
    u64 context_address{};
    u64 context_size{};
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(8);
+    u32 loop_start_sample{};
+    u32 loop_end_sample{};
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(WaveBuffer) == 0x38, "WaveBuffer is an invalid size");

@@ -76,6 +78,9 @@ struct ServerWaveBuffer {
    bool end_of_stream{};
    VAddr context_address{};
    std::size_t context_size{};
+    s32 loop_count{};
+    u32 loop_start_sample{};
+    u32 loop_end_sample{};
    bool sent_to_dsp{true};
 };

@@ -108,6 +113,7 @@ struct VoiceState {
    u32 external_context_size;
    bool is_external_context_used;
    bool voice_dropped;
+    s32 loop_count;
 };

 class VoiceChannelResource {
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ public:
        float last_volume{};
        std::array<BiquadFilterParameter, AudioCommon::MAX_BIQUAD_FILTERS> biquad_filter{};
        s32 wave_buffer_count{};
-        s16 wave_bufffer_head{};
+        s16 wave_buffer_head{};
        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(2);
        BehaviorFlags behavior_flags{};
        VAddr additional_params_address{};
@@ -252,6 +258,7 @@ public:
    void FlushWaveBuffers(u8 flush_count,
                          std::array<VoiceState*, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT>& dsp_voice_states,
                          s32 channel_count);
+    void SetWaveBufferCompleted(VoiceState& dsp_state, const ServerWaveBuffer& wave_buffer);

 private:
    std::vector<s16> stored_samples;
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-# Add a custom command to generate a new shader_cache_version hash when any of the following files change
-# NOTE: This is an approximation of what files affect shader generation, its possible something else
-# could affect the result, but much more unlikely than the following files. Keeping a list of files
-# like this allows for much better caching since it doesn't force the user to recompile binary shaders every update
-set(VIDEO_CORE "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/video_core")
 if (DEFINED ENV{AZURECIREPO})
  set(BUILD_REPOSITORY $ENV{AZURECIREPO})
 endif()
@@ -21,77 +16,21 @@ find_package(Git QUIET)

 add_custom_command(OUTPUT scm_rev.cpp
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
-      -DSRC_DIR="${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}"
-      -DBUILD_REPOSITORY="${BUILD_REPOSITORY}"
-      -DTITLE_BAR_FORMAT_IDLE="${TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_IDLE}"
-      -DTITLE_BAR_FORMAT_RUNNING="${TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_RUNNING}"
-      -DBUILD_TAG="${BUILD_TAG}"
-      -DBUILD_ID="${DISPLAY_VERSION}"
-      -DGIT_EXECUTABLE="${GIT_EXECUTABLE}"
-      -P "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeModules/GenerateSCMRev.cmake"
+      -DSRC_DIR=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+      -DBUILD_REPOSITORY=${BUILD_REPOSITORY}
+      -DTITLE_BAR_FORMAT_IDLE=${TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_IDLE}
+      -DTITLE_BAR_FORMAT_RUNNING=${TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_RUNNING}
+      -DBUILD_TAG=${BUILD_TAG}
+      -DBUILD_ID=${DISPLAY_VERSION}
+      -DGIT_EXECUTABLE=${GIT_EXECUTABLE}
+      -P ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeModules/GenerateSCMRev.cmake
    DEPENDS
-      # WARNING! It was too much work to try and make a common location for this list,
-      # so if you need to change it, please update CMakeModules/GenerateSCMRev.cmake as well
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_arb_decompiler.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_arb_decompiler.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_half.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_half_immediate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_immediate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_integer.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/arithmetic_integer_immediate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/bfe.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/bfi.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/conversion.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/ffma.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/float_set.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/float_set_predicate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/half_set.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/half_set_predicate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/hfma2.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/image.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/integer_set.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/integer_set_predicate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/memory.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/texture.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/other.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/predicate_set_predicate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/predicate_set_register.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/register_set_predicate.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/shift.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/video.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/warp.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode/xmad.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/ast.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/ast.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/compiler_settings.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/compiler_settings.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/control_flow.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/control_flow.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/decode.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/expr.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/expr.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/node.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/node_helper.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/node_helper.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/registry.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/registry.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/shader_ir.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/shader_ir.h"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/track.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/transform_feedback.cpp"
-      "${VIDEO_CORE}/shader/transform_feedback.h"
-      # and also check that the scm_rev files haven't changed
+      # Check that the scm_rev files haven't changed
      "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/scm_rev.cpp.in"
      "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/scm_rev.h"
      # technically we should regenerate if the git version changed, but its not worth the effort imo
      "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeModules/GenerateSCMRev.cmake"
+    VERBATIM
 )

 add_library(common STATIC
@@ -109,7 +48,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
    cityhash.cpp
    cityhash.h
    common_funcs.h
-    common_sizes.h
    common_types.h
    concepts.h
    div_ceil.h
@@ -130,7 +68,10 @@ add_library(common STATIC
    hash.h
    hex_util.cpp
    hex_util.h
+    host_memory.cpp
+    host_memory.h
    intrusive_red_black_tree.h
+    literals.h
    logging/backend.cpp
    logging/backend.h
    logging/filter.cpp
@@ -138,6 +79,7 @@ add_library(common STATIC
    logging/log.h
    logging/text_formatter.cpp
    logging/text_formatter.h
+    logging/types.h
    lz4_compression.cpp
    lz4_compression.h
    math_util.h
@@ -176,7 +118,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
    thread.cpp
    thread.h
    thread_queue_list.h
-    thread_worker.cpp
    thread_worker.h
    threadsafe_queue.h
    time_zone.cpp
@@ -184,6 +125,7 @@ add_library(common STATIC
    tiny_mt.h
    tree.h
    uint128.h
+    unique_function.h
    uuid.cpp
    uuid.h
    vector_math.h
@@ -227,7 +169,7 @@ endif()

 create_target_directory_groups(common)

-target_link_libraries(common PUBLIC ${Boost_LIBRARIES} fmt::fmt microprofile)
+target_link_libraries(common PUBLIC ${Boost_LIBRARIES} fmt::fmt microprofile Threads::Threads)
 target_link_libraries(common PRIVATE lz4::lz4 xbyak)
 if (MSVC)
  target_link_libraries(common PRIVATE zstd::zstd)
@@ -52,8 +52,12 @@ assert_noinline_call(const Fn& fn) {
 #define DEBUG_ASSERT(_a_) ASSERT(_a_)
 #define DEBUG_ASSERT_MSG(_a_, ...) ASSERT_MSG(_a_, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else // not debug
-#define DEBUG_ASSERT(_a_)
-#define DEBUG_ASSERT_MSG(_a_, _desc_, ...)
+#define DEBUG_ASSERT(_a_)                                                                          \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+    } while (0)
+#define DEBUG_ASSERT_MSG(_a_, _desc_, ...)                                                         \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+    } while (0)
 #endif

 #define UNIMPLEMENTED() ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unimplemented code!")
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <limits>
-
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-
-namespace Common {
-
-enum : u64 {
-    Size_1_KB = 0x400ULL,
-    Size_64_KB = 64ULL * Size_1_KB,
-    Size_128_KB = 128ULL * Size_1_KB,
-    Size_1_MB = 0x100000ULL,
-    Size_2_MB = 2ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_4_MB = 4ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_5_MB = 5ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_14_MB = 14ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_32_MB = 32ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_33_MB = 33ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_128_MB = 128ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_448_MB = 448ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_507_MB = 507ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_562_MB = 562ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_1554_MB = 1554ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_2048_MB = 2048ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_2193_MB = 2193ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_3285_MB = 3285ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_4916_MB = 4916ULL * Size_1_MB,
-    Size_1_GB = 0x40000000ULL,
-    Size_2_GB = 2ULL * Size_1_GB,
-    Size_4_GB = 4ULL * Size_1_GB,
-    Size_6_GB = 6ULL * Size_1_GB,
-    Size_8_GB = 8ULL * Size_1_GB,
-    Size_64_GB = 64ULL * Size_1_GB,
-    Size_512_GB = 512ULL * Size_1_GB,
-    Size_Invalid = std::numeric_limits<u64>::max(),
-};
-
-} // namespace Common
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ void DetachedTasks::WaitForAllTasks() {
 }

 DetachedTasks::~DetachedTasks() {
+    WaitForAllTasks();
+
    std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
    ASSERT(count == 0);
    instance = nullptr;
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ std::string ReadStringFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path, FileType type)

 size_t WriteStringToFile(const std::filesystem::path& path, FileType type,
                         std::string_view string) {
-    if (!IsFile(path)) {
+    if (Exists(path) && !IsFile(path)) {
        return 0;
    }

@@ -183,11 +183,7 @@ size_t WriteStringToFile(const std::filesystem::path& path, FileType type,

 size_t AppendStringToFile(const std::filesystem::path& path, FileType type,
                          std::string_view string) {
-    if (!Exists(path)) {
-        return WriteStringToFile(path, type, string);
-    }
-
-    if (!IsFile(path)) {
+    if (Exists(path) && !IsFile(path)) {
        return 0;
    }

@@ -309,7 +305,11 @@ bool IOFile::Flush() const {

    errno = 0;

+#ifdef _WIN32
    const auto flush_result = std::fflush(file) == 0;
+#else
+    const auto flush_result = std::fflush(file) == 0;
+#endif

    if (!flush_result) {
        const auto ec = std::error_code{errno, std::generic_category()};
@@ -320,6 +320,28 @@ bool IOFile::Flush() const {
    return flush_result;
 }

+bool IOFile::Commit() const {
+    if (!IsOpen()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    errno = 0;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    const auto commit_result = std::fflush(file) == 0 && _commit(fileno(file)) == 0;
+#else
+    const auto commit_result = std::fflush(file) == 0 && fsync(fileno(file)) == 0;
+#endif
+
+    if (!commit_result) {
+        const auto ec = std::error_code{errno, std::generic_category()};
+        LOG_ERROR(Common_Filesystem, "Failed to commit the file at path={}, ec_message={}",
+                  PathToUTF8String(file_path), ec.message());
+    }
+
+    return commit_result;
+}
+
 bool IOFile::SetSize(u64 size) const {
    if (!IsOpen()) {
        return false;
@@ -347,6 +369,9 @@ u64 IOFile::GetSize() const {
        return 0;
    }

+    // Flush any unwritten buffered data into the file prior to retrieving the file size.
+    std::fflush(file);
+
    std::error_code ec;

    const auto file_size = fs::file_size(file_path, ec);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void OpenFileStream(FileStream& file_stream, const Path& path, std::ios_base::op

 /**
 * Reads an entire file at path and returns a string of the contents read from the file.
- * If the filesystem object at path is not a file, this function returns an empty string.
+ * If the filesystem object at path is not a regular file, this function returns an empty string.
 *
 * @param path Filesystem path
 * @param type File type
@@ -71,8 +71,9 @@ template <typename Path>

 /**
 * Writes a string to a file at path and returns the number of characters successfully written.
- * If an file already exists at path, its contents will be erased.
- * If the filesystem object at path is not a file, this function returns 0.
+ * If a file already exists at path, its contents will be erased.
+ * If a file does not exist at path, it creates and opens a new empty file for writing.
+ * If the filesystem object at path exists and is not a regular file, this function returns 0.
 *
 * @param path Filesystem path
 * @param type File type
@@ -95,8 +96,8 @@ template <typename Path>

 /**
 * Appends a string to a file at path and returns the number of characters successfully written.
- * If a file does not exist at path, WriteStringToFile is called instead.
- * If the filesystem object at path is not a file, this function returns 0.
+ * If a file does not exist at path, it creates and opens a new empty file for appending.
+ * If the filesystem object at path exists and is not a regular file, this function returns 0.
 *
 * @param path Filesystem path
 * @param type File type
@@ -395,11 +396,20 @@ public:
    [[nodiscard]] size_t WriteString(std::span<const char> string) const;

    /**
-     * Flushes any unwritten buffered data into the file.
+     * Attempts to flush any unwritten buffered data into the file.
     *
     * @returns True if the flush was successful, false otherwise.
     */
-    [[nodiscard]] bool Flush() const;
+    bool Flush() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to commit the file into the disk.
+     * Note that this is an expensive operation as this forces the operating system to write
+     * the contents of the file associated with the file descriptor into the disk.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the commit was successful, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool Commit() const;

    /**
     * Resizes the file to a given size.
@@ -135,8 +135,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<IOFile> FileOpen(const fs::path& path, FileAccessMode mode, File
        return nullptr;
    }

-    if (!IsFile(path)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Common_Filesystem, "Filesystem object at path={} is not a file",
+    if (Exists(path) && !IsFile(path)) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Common_Filesystem,
+                  "Filesystem object at path={} exists and is not a regular file",
                  PathToUTF8String(path));
        return nullptr;
    }
@@ -321,7 +322,8 @@ bool RemoveDirContentsRecursively(const fs::path& path) {

    std::error_code ec;

-    for (const auto& entry : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(path, ec)) {
+    // TODO (Morph): Replace this with recursive_directory_iterator once it's fixed in MSVC.
+    for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(path, ec)) {
        if (ec) {
            LOG_ERROR(Common_Filesystem,
                      "Failed to completely enumerate the directory at path={}, ec_message={}",
@@ -337,6 +339,12 @@ bool RemoveDirContentsRecursively(const fs::path& path) {
                      PathToUTF8String(entry.path()), ec.message());
            break;
        }
+
+        // TODO (Morph): Remove this when MSVC fixes recursive_directory_iterator.
+        // recursive_directory_iterator throws an exception despite passing in a std::error_code.
+        if (entry.status().type() == fs::file_type::directory) {
+            return RemoveDirContentsRecursively(entry.path());
+        }
    }

    if (ec) {
@@ -475,7 +483,8 @@ void IterateDirEntriesRecursively(const std::filesystem::path& path,

    std::error_code ec;

-    for (const auto& entry : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(path, ec)) {
+    // TODO (Morph): Replace this with recursive_directory_iterator once it's fixed in MSVC.
+    for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(path, ec)) {
        if (ec) {
            break;
        }
@@ -495,6 +504,12 @@ void IterateDirEntriesRecursively(const std::filesystem::path& path,
                break;
            }
        }
+
+        // TODO (Morph): Remove this when MSVC fixes recursive_directory_iterator.
+        // recursive_directory_iterator throws an exception despite passing in a std::error_code.
+        if (entry.status().type() == fs::file_type::directory) {
+            IterateDirEntriesRecursively(entry.path(), callback, filter);
+        }
    }

    if (callback_error || ec) {
@@ -48,18 +48,18 @@ template <typename Path>
 *
 * Failures occur when:
 * - Input path is not valid
- * - Filesystem object at path is not a file
+ * - Filesystem object at path is not a regular file
 * - Filesystem at path is read only
 *
 * @param path Filesystem path
 *
 * @returns True if file removal succeeds or file does not exist, false otherwise.
 */
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+bool RemoveFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);

 #ifdef _WIN32
 template <typename Path>
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveFile(const Path& path) {
+bool RemoveFile(const Path& path) {
    if constexpr (IsChar<typename Path::value_type>) {
        return RemoveFile(ToU8String(path));
    } else {
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ template <typename Path>
 * Failures occur when:
 * - One or both input path(s) is not valid
 * - Filesystem object at old_path does not exist
- * - Filesystem object at old_path is not a file
+ * - Filesystem object at old_path is not a regular file
 * - Filesystem object at new_path exists
 * - Filesystem at either path is read only
 *
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ template <typename Path1, typename Path2>
 *
 * Failures occur when:
 * - Input path is not valid
- * - Filesystem object at path is not a file
- * - The file is not opened
+ * - Filesystem object at path exists and is not a regular file
+ * - The file is not open
 *
 * @param path Filesystem path
 * @param mode File access mode
@@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ template <typename Path>
 *
 * @returns True if directory removal succeeds or directory does not exist, false otherwise.
 */
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveDir(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+bool RemoveDir(const std::filesystem::path& path);

 #ifdef _WIN32
 template <typename Path>
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveDir(const Path& path) {
+bool RemoveDir(const Path& path) {
    if constexpr (IsChar<typename Path::value_type>) {
        return RemoveDir(ToU8String(path));
    } else {
@@ -276,11 +276,11 @@ template <typename Path>
 *
 * @returns True if the directory and all of its contents are removed successfully, false otherwise.
 */
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveDirRecursively(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+bool RemoveDirRecursively(const std::filesystem::path& path);

 #ifdef _WIN32
 template <typename Path>
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveDirRecursively(const Path& path) {
+bool RemoveDirRecursively(const Path& path) {
    if constexpr (IsChar<typename Path::value_type>) {
        return RemoveDirRecursively(ToU8String(path));
    } else {
@@ -301,11 +301,11 @@ template <typename Path>
 *
 * @returns True if all of the directory's contents are removed successfully, false otherwise.
 */
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveDirContentsRecursively(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+bool RemoveDirContentsRecursively(const std::filesystem::path& path);

 #ifdef _WIN32
 template <typename Path>
-[[nodiscard]] bool RemoveDirContentsRecursively(const Path& path) {
+bool RemoveDirContentsRecursively(const Path& path) {
    if constexpr (IsChar<typename Path::value_type>) {
        return RemoveDirContentsRecursively(ToU8String(path));
    } else {
@@ -435,11 +435,13 @@ template <typename Path>
 #endif

 /**
- * Returns whether a filesystem object at path is a file.
+ * Returns whether a filesystem object at path is a regular file.
+ * A regular file is a file that stores text or binary data.
+ * It is not a directory, symlink, FIFO, socket, block device, or character device.
 *
 * @param path Filesystem path
 *
- * @returns True if a filesystem object at path is a file, false otherwise.
+ * @returns True if a filesystem object at path is a regular file, false otherwise.
 */
 [[nodiscard]] bool IsFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ std::string ToUTF8String(std::u8string_view u8_string) {
    return std::string{u8_string.begin(), u8_string.end()};
 }

+std::string BufferToUTF8String(std::span<const u8> buffer) {
+    return std::string{buffer.begin(), std::ranges::find(buffer, u8{0})};
+}
+
 std::string PathToUTF8String(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
    return ToUTF8String(path.u8string());
 }
@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@ concept IsChar = std::same_as<T, char>;
 */
 [[nodiscard]] std::string ToUTF8String(std::u8string_view u8_string);

+/**
+ * Converts a buffer of bytes to a UTF8-encoded std::string.
+ * This converts from the start of the buffer until the first encountered null-terminator.
+ * If no null-terminator is found, this converts the entire buffer instead.
+ *
+ * @param buffer Buffer of bytes
+ *
+ * @returns UTF-8 encoded std::string.
+ */
+[[nodiscard]] std::string BufferToUTF8String(std::span<const u8> buffer);
+
 /**
 * Converts a filesystem path to a UTF-8 encoded std::string.
 *
@@ -53,14 +53,15 @@ template <typename ContiguousContainer>
    std::string out;
    out.reserve(std::size(data) * pad_width);

+    const auto format_str = fmt::runtime(upper ? "{:02X}" : "{:02x}");
    for (const u8 c : data) {
-        out += fmt::format(upper ? "{:02X}" : "{:02x}", c);
+        out += fmt::format(format_str, c);
    }

    return out;
 }

-[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::array<u8, 16> AsArray(const char (&data)[17]) {
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::array<u8, 16> AsArray(const char (&data)[33]) {
    return HexStringToArray<16>(data);
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <boost/icl/separate_interval_set.hpp>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "common/dynamic_library.h"
+
+#elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) // ^^^ Windows ^^^ vvv Linux vvv
+
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#endif // ^^^ Linux ^^^
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/host_memory.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/scope_exit.h"
+
+namespace Common {
+
+constexpr size_t PageAlignment = 0x1000;
+constexpr size_t HugePageSize = 0x200000;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+// Manually imported for MinGW compatibility
+#ifndef MEM_RESERVE_PLACEHOLDER
+#define MEM_RESERVE_PLACEHOLDER 0x00040000
+#endif
+#ifndef MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER
+#define MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER 0x00004000
+#endif
+#ifndef MEM_COALESCE_PLACEHOLDERS
+#define MEM_COALESCE_PLACEHOLDERS 0x00000001
+#endif
+#ifndef MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER
+#define MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER 0x00000002
+#endif
+
+using PFN_CreateFileMapping2 = _Ret_maybenull_ HANDLE(WINAPI*)(
+    _In_ HANDLE File, _In_opt_ SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES* SecurityAttributes, _In_ ULONG DesiredAccess,
+    _In_ ULONG PageProtection, _In_ ULONG AllocationAttributes, _In_ ULONG64 MaximumSize,
+    _In_opt_ PCWSTR Name,
+    _Inout_updates_opt_(ParameterCount) MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER* ExtendedParameters,
+    _In_ ULONG ParameterCount);
+
+using PFN_VirtualAlloc2 = _Ret_maybenull_ PVOID(WINAPI*)(
+    _In_opt_ HANDLE Process, _In_opt_ PVOID BaseAddress, _In_ SIZE_T Size,
+    _In_ ULONG AllocationType, _In_ ULONG PageProtection,
+    _Inout_updates_opt_(ParameterCount) MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER* ExtendedParameters,
+    _In_ ULONG ParameterCount);
+
+using PFN_MapViewOfFile3 = _Ret_maybenull_ PVOID(WINAPI*)(
+    _In_ HANDLE FileMapping, _In_opt_ HANDLE Process, _In_opt_ PVOID BaseAddress,
+    _In_ ULONG64 Offset, _In_ SIZE_T ViewSize, _In_ ULONG AllocationType, _In_ ULONG PageProtection,
+    _Inout_updates_opt_(ParameterCount) MEM_EXTENDED_PARAMETER* ExtendedParameters,
+    _In_ ULONG ParameterCount);
+
+using PFN_UnmapViewOfFile2 = BOOL(WINAPI*)(_In_ HANDLE Process, _In_ PVOID BaseAddress,
+                                           _In_ ULONG UnmapFlags);
+
+template <typename T>
+static void GetFuncAddress(Common::DynamicLibrary& dll, const char* name, T& pfn) {
+    if (!dll.GetSymbol(name, &pfn)) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to load {}", name);
+        throw std::bad_alloc{};
+    }
+}
+
+class HostMemory::Impl {
+public:
+    explicit Impl(size_t backing_size_, size_t virtual_size_)
+        : backing_size{backing_size_}, virtual_size{virtual_size_}, process{GetCurrentProcess()},
+          kernelbase_dll("Kernelbase") {
+        if (!kernelbase_dll.IsOpen()) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to load Kernelbase.dll");
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+        GetFuncAddress(kernelbase_dll, "CreateFileMapping2", pfn_CreateFileMapping2);
+        GetFuncAddress(kernelbase_dll, "VirtualAlloc2", pfn_VirtualAlloc2);
+        GetFuncAddress(kernelbase_dll, "MapViewOfFile3", pfn_MapViewOfFile3);
+        GetFuncAddress(kernelbase_dll, "UnmapViewOfFile2", pfn_UnmapViewOfFile2);
+
+        // Allocate backing file map
+        backing_handle =
+            pfn_CreateFileMapping2(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, nullptr, FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_READ,
+                                   PAGE_READWRITE, SEC_COMMIT, backing_size, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+        if (!backing_handle) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to allocate {} MiB of backing memory",
+                         backing_size >> 20);
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+        // Allocate a virtual memory for the backing file map as placeholder
+        backing_base = static_cast<u8*>(pfn_VirtualAlloc2(process, nullptr, backing_size,
+                                                          MEM_RESERVE | MEM_RESERVE_PLACEHOLDER,
+                                                          PAGE_NOACCESS, nullptr, 0));
+        if (!backing_base) {
+            Release();
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to reserve {} MiB of virtual memory",
+                         backing_size >> 20);
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+        // Map backing placeholder
+        void* const ret = pfn_MapViewOfFile3(backing_handle, process, backing_base, 0, backing_size,
+                                             MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER, PAGE_READWRITE, nullptr, 0);
+        if (ret != backing_base) {
+            Release();
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to map {} MiB of virtual memory", backing_size >> 20);
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+        // Allocate virtual address placeholder
+        virtual_base = static_cast<u8*>(pfn_VirtualAlloc2(process, nullptr, virtual_size,
+                                                          MEM_RESERVE | MEM_RESERVE_PLACEHOLDER,
+                                                          PAGE_NOACCESS, nullptr, 0));
+        if (!virtual_base) {
+            Release();
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to reserve {} GiB of virtual memory",
+                         virtual_size >> 30);
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~Impl() {
+        Release();
+    }
+
+    void Map(size_t virtual_offset, size_t host_offset, size_t length) {
+        std::unique_lock lock{placeholder_mutex};
+        if (!IsNiechePlaceholder(virtual_offset, length)) {
+            Split(virtual_offset, length);
+        }
+        ASSERT(placeholders.find({virtual_offset, virtual_offset + length}) == placeholders.end());
+        TrackPlaceholder(virtual_offset, host_offset, length);
+
+        MapView(virtual_offset, host_offset, length);
+    }
+
+    void Unmap(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) {
+        std::lock_guard lock{placeholder_mutex};
+
+        // Unmap until there are no more placeholders
+        while (UnmapOnePlaceholder(virtual_offset, length)) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Protect(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length, bool read, bool write) {
+        DWORD new_flags{};
+        if (read && write) {
+            new_flags = PAGE_READWRITE;
+        } else if (read && !write) {
+            new_flags = PAGE_READONLY;
+        } else if (!read && !write) {
+            new_flags = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+        } else {
+            UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Protection flag combination read={} write={}", read, write);
+        }
+        const size_t virtual_end = virtual_offset + length;
+
+        std::lock_guard lock{placeholder_mutex};
+        auto [it, end] = placeholders.equal_range({virtual_offset, virtual_end});
+        while (it != end) {
+            const size_t offset = std::max(it->lower(), virtual_offset);
+            const size_t protect_length = std::min(it->upper(), virtual_end) - offset;
+            DWORD old_flags{};
+            if (!VirtualProtect(virtual_base + offset, protect_length, new_flags, &old_flags)) {
+                LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to change virtual memory protect rules");
+            }
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const size_t backing_size; ///< Size of the backing memory in bytes
+    const size_t virtual_size; ///< Size of the virtual address placeholder in bytes
+
+    u8* backing_base{};
+    u8* virtual_base{};
+
+private:
+    /// Release all resources in the object
+    void Release() {
+        if (!placeholders.empty()) {
+            for (const auto& placeholder : placeholders) {
+                if (!pfn_UnmapViewOfFile2(process, virtual_base + placeholder.lower(),
+                                          MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER)) {
+                    LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to unmap virtual memory placeholder");
+                }
+            }
+            Coalesce(0, virtual_size);
+        }
+        if (virtual_base) {
+            if (!VirtualFree(virtual_base, 0, MEM_RELEASE)) {
+                LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to free virtual memory");
+            }
+        }
+        if (backing_base) {
+            if (!pfn_UnmapViewOfFile2(process, backing_base, MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER)) {
+                LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to unmap backing memory placeholder");
+            }
+            if (!VirtualFreeEx(process, backing_base, 0, MEM_RELEASE)) {
+                LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to free backing memory");
+            }
+        }
+        if (!CloseHandle(backing_handle)) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to free backing memory file handle");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Unmap one placeholder in the given range (partial unmaps are supported)
+    /// Return true when there are no more placeholders to unmap
+    bool UnmapOnePlaceholder(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) {
+        const auto it = placeholders.find({virtual_offset, virtual_offset + length});
+        const auto begin = placeholders.begin();
+        const auto end = placeholders.end();
+        if (it == end) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const size_t placeholder_begin = it->lower();
+        const size_t placeholder_end = it->upper();
+        const size_t unmap_begin = std::max(virtual_offset, placeholder_begin);
+        const size_t unmap_end = std::min(virtual_offset + length, placeholder_end);
+        ASSERT(unmap_begin >= placeholder_begin && unmap_begin < placeholder_end);
+        ASSERT(unmap_end <= placeholder_end && unmap_end > placeholder_begin);
+
+        const auto host_pointer_it = placeholder_host_pointers.find(placeholder_begin);
+        ASSERT(host_pointer_it != placeholder_host_pointers.end());
+        const size_t host_offset = host_pointer_it->second;
+
+        const bool split_left = unmap_begin > placeholder_begin;
+        const bool split_right = unmap_end < placeholder_end;
+
+        if (!pfn_UnmapViewOfFile2(process, virtual_base + placeholder_begin,
+                                  MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER)) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to unmap placeholder");
+        }
+        // If we have to remap memory regions due to partial unmaps, we are in a data race as
+        // Windows doesn't support remapping memory without unmapping first. Avoid adding any extra
+        // logic within the panic region described below.
+
+        // Panic region, we are in a data race right now
+        if (split_left || split_right) {
+            Split(unmap_begin, unmap_end - unmap_begin);
+        }
+        if (split_left) {
+            MapView(placeholder_begin, host_offset, unmap_begin - placeholder_begin);
+        }
+        if (split_right) {
+            MapView(unmap_end, host_offset + unmap_end - placeholder_begin,
+                    placeholder_end - unmap_end);
+        }
+        // End panic region
+
+        size_t coalesce_begin = unmap_begin;
+        if (!split_left) {
+            // Try to coalesce pages to the left
+            coalesce_begin = it == begin ? 0 : std::prev(it)->upper();
+            if (coalesce_begin != placeholder_begin) {
+                Coalesce(coalesce_begin, unmap_end - coalesce_begin);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!split_right) {
+            // Try to coalesce pages to the right
+            const auto next = std::next(it);
+            const size_t next_begin = next == end ? virtual_size : next->lower();
+            if (placeholder_end != next_begin) {
+                // We can coalesce to the right
+                Coalesce(coalesce_begin, next_begin - coalesce_begin);
+            }
+        }
+        // Remove and reinsert placeholder trackers
+        UntrackPlaceholder(it);
+        if (split_left) {
+            TrackPlaceholder(placeholder_begin, host_offset, unmap_begin - placeholder_begin);
+        }
+        if (split_right) {
+            TrackPlaceholder(unmap_end, host_offset + unmap_end - placeholder_begin,
+                             placeholder_end - unmap_end);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void MapView(size_t virtual_offset, size_t host_offset, size_t length) {
+        if (!pfn_MapViewOfFile3(backing_handle, process, virtual_base + virtual_offset, host_offset,
+                                length, MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER, PAGE_READWRITE, nullptr, 0)) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to map placeholder");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Split(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) {
+        if (!VirtualFreeEx(process, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(virtual_base + virtual_offset), length,
+                           MEM_RELEASE | MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER)) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to split placeholder");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Coalesce(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) {
+        if (!VirtualFreeEx(process, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(virtual_base + virtual_offset), length,
+                           MEM_RELEASE | MEM_COALESCE_PLACEHOLDERS)) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to coalesce placeholders");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void TrackPlaceholder(size_t virtual_offset, size_t host_offset, size_t length) {
+        placeholders.insert({virtual_offset, virtual_offset + length});
+        placeholder_host_pointers.emplace(virtual_offset, host_offset);
+    }
+
+    void UntrackPlaceholder(boost::icl::separate_interval_set<size_t>::iterator it) {
+        placeholders.erase(it);
+        placeholder_host_pointers.erase(it->lower());
+    }
+
+    /// Return true when a given memory region is a "nieche" and the placeholders don't have to be
+    /// splitted.
+    bool IsNiechePlaceholder(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) const {
+        const auto it = placeholders.upper_bound({virtual_offset, virtual_offset + length});
+        if (it != placeholders.end() && it->lower() == virtual_offset + length) {
+            const bool is_root = it == placeholders.begin() && virtual_offset == 0;
+            return is_root || std::prev(it)->upper() == virtual_offset;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    HANDLE process{};        ///< Current process handle
+    HANDLE backing_handle{}; ///< File based backing memory
+
+    DynamicLibrary kernelbase_dll;
+    PFN_CreateFileMapping2 pfn_CreateFileMapping2{};
+    PFN_VirtualAlloc2 pfn_VirtualAlloc2{};
+    PFN_MapViewOfFile3 pfn_MapViewOfFile3{};
+    PFN_UnmapViewOfFile2 pfn_UnmapViewOfFile2{};
+
+    std::mutex placeholder_mutex;                                 ///< Mutex for placeholders
+    boost::icl::separate_interval_set<size_t> placeholders;       ///< Mapped placeholders
+    std::unordered_map<size_t, size_t> placeholder_host_pointers; ///< Placeholder backing offset
+};
+
+#elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) // ^^^ Windows ^^^ vvv Linux vvv
+
+class HostMemory::Impl {
+public:
+    explicit Impl(size_t backing_size_, size_t virtual_size_)
+        : backing_size{backing_size_}, virtual_size{virtual_size_} {
+        bool good = false;
+        SCOPE_EXIT({
+            if (!good) {
+                Release();
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Backing memory initialization
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) && __FreeBSD__ < 13
+        // XXX Drop after FreeBSD 12.* reaches EOL on 2024-06-30
+        fd = shm_open(SHM_ANON, O_RDWR, 0600);
+#else
+        fd = memfd_create("HostMemory", 0);
+#endif
+        if (fd == -1) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "memfd_create failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+
+        // Defined to extend the file with zeros
+        int ret = ftruncate(fd, backing_size);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "ftruncate failed with {}, are you out-of-memory?",
+                         strerror(errno));
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+
+        backing_base = static_cast<u8*>(
+            mmap(nullptr, backing_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0));
+        if (backing_base == MAP_FAILED) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "mmap failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+
+        // Virtual memory initialization
+        virtual_base = static_cast<u8*>(
+            mmap(nullptr, virtual_size, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0));
+        if (virtual_base == MAP_FAILED) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "mmap failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+            throw std::bad_alloc{};
+        }
+
+        good = true;
+    }
+
+    ~Impl() {
+        Release();
+    }
+
+    void Map(size_t virtual_offset, size_t host_offset, size_t length) {
+
+        void* ret = mmap(virtual_base + virtual_offset, length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                         MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED, fd, host_offset);
+        ASSERT_MSG(ret != MAP_FAILED, "mmap failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    void Unmap(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) {
+        // The method name is wrong. We're still talking about the virtual range.
+        // We don't want to unmap, we want to reserve this memory.
+
+        void* ret = mmap(virtual_base + virtual_offset, length, PROT_NONE,
+                         MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0);
+        ASSERT_MSG(ret != MAP_FAILED, "mmap failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    void Protect(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length, bool read, bool write) {
+        int flags = 0;
+        if (read) {
+            flags |= PROT_READ;
+        }
+        if (write) {
+            flags |= PROT_WRITE;
+        }
+        int ret = mprotect(virtual_base + virtual_offset, length, flags);
+        ASSERT_MSG(ret == 0, "mprotect failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    const size_t backing_size; ///< Size of the backing memory in bytes
+    const size_t virtual_size; ///< Size of the virtual address placeholder in bytes
+
+    u8* backing_base{reinterpret_cast<u8*>(MAP_FAILED)};
+    u8* virtual_base{reinterpret_cast<u8*>(MAP_FAILED)};
+
+private:
+    /// Release all resources in the object
+    void Release() {
+        if (virtual_base != MAP_FAILED) {
+            int ret = munmap(virtual_base, virtual_size);
+            ASSERT_MSG(ret == 0, "munmap failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+        if (backing_base != MAP_FAILED) {
+            int ret = munmap(backing_base, backing_size);
+            ASSERT_MSG(ret == 0, "munmap failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+        if (fd != -1) {
+            int ret = close(fd);
+            ASSERT_MSG(ret == 0, "close failed: {}", strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    int fd{-1}; // memfd file descriptor, -1 is the error value of memfd_create
+};
+
+#else // ^^^ Linux ^^^ vvv Generic vvv
+
+class HostMemory::Impl {
+public:
+    explicit Impl(size_t /*backing_size */, size_t /* virtual_size */) {
+        // This is just a place holder.
+        // Please implement fastmem in a propper way on your platform.
+        throw std::bad_alloc{};
+    }
+
+    void Map(size_t virtual_offset, size_t host_offset, size_t length) {}
+
+    void Unmap(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) {}
+
+    void Protect(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length, bool read, bool write) {}
+
+    u8* backing_base{nullptr};
+    u8* virtual_base{nullptr};
+};
+
+#endif // ^^^ Generic ^^^
+
+HostMemory::HostMemory(size_t backing_size_, size_t virtual_size_)
+    : backing_size(backing_size_), virtual_size(virtual_size_) {
+    try {
+        // Try to allocate a fastmem arena.
+        // The implementation will fail with std::bad_alloc on errors.
+        impl = std::make_unique<HostMemory::Impl>(AlignUp(backing_size, PageAlignment),
+                                                  AlignUp(virtual_size, PageAlignment) +
+                                                      3 * HugePageSize);
+        backing_base = impl->backing_base;
+        virtual_base = impl->virtual_base;
+
+        if (virtual_base) {
+            virtual_base += 2 * HugePageSize - 1;
+            virtual_base -= reinterpret_cast<size_t>(virtual_base) & (HugePageSize - 1);
+            virtual_base_offset = virtual_base - impl->virtual_base;
+        }
+
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc&) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory,
+                     "Fastmem unavailable, falling back to VirtualBuffer for memory allocation");
+        fallback_buffer = std::make_unique<Common::VirtualBuffer<u8>>(backing_size);
+        backing_base = fallback_buffer->data();
+        virtual_base = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+HostMemory::~HostMemory() = default;
+
+HostMemory::HostMemory(HostMemory&&) noexcept = default;
+
+HostMemory& HostMemory::operator=(HostMemory&&) noexcept = default;
+
+void HostMemory::Map(size_t virtual_offset, size_t host_offset, size_t length) {
+    ASSERT(virtual_offset % PageAlignment == 0);
+    ASSERT(host_offset % PageAlignment == 0);
+    ASSERT(length % PageAlignment == 0);
+    ASSERT(virtual_offset + length <= virtual_size);
+    ASSERT(host_offset + length <= backing_size);
+    if (length == 0 || !virtual_base || !impl) {
+        return;
+    }
+    impl->Map(virtual_offset + virtual_base_offset, host_offset, length);
+}
+
+void HostMemory::Unmap(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length) {
+    ASSERT(virtual_offset % PageAlignment == 0);
+    ASSERT(length % PageAlignment == 0);
+    ASSERT(virtual_offset + length <= virtual_size);
+    if (length == 0 || !virtual_base || !impl) {
+        return;
+    }
+    impl->Unmap(virtual_offset + virtual_base_offset, length);
+}
+
+void HostMemory::Protect(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length, bool read, bool write) {
+    ASSERT(virtual_offset % PageAlignment == 0);
+    ASSERT(length % PageAlignment == 0);
+    ASSERT(virtual_offset + length <= virtual_size);
+    if (length == 0 || !virtual_base || !impl) {
+        return;
+    }
+    impl->Protect(virtual_offset + virtual_base_offset, length, read, write);
+}
+
+} // namespace Common
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/virtual_buffer.h"
+
+namespace Common {
+
+/**
+ * A low level linear memory buffer, which supports multiple mappings
+ * Its purpose is to rebuild a given sparse memory layout, including mirrors.
+ */
+class HostMemory {
+public:
+    explicit HostMemory(size_t backing_size_, size_t virtual_size_);
+    ~HostMemory();
+
+    /**
+     * Copy constructors. They shall return a copy of the buffer without the mappings.
+     * TODO: Implement them with COW if needed.
+     */
+    HostMemory(const HostMemory& other) = delete;
+    HostMemory& operator=(const HostMemory& other) = delete;
+
+    /**
+     * Move constructors. They will move the buffer and the mappings to the new object.
+     */
+    HostMemory(HostMemory&& other) noexcept;
+    HostMemory& operator=(HostMemory&& other) noexcept;
+
+    void Map(size_t virtual_offset, size_t host_offset, size_t length);
+
+    void Unmap(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length);
+
+    void Protect(size_t virtual_offset, size_t length, bool read, bool write);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u8* BackingBasePointer() noexcept {
+        return backing_base;
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] const u8* BackingBasePointer() const noexcept {
+        return backing_base;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u8* VirtualBasePointer() noexcept {
+        return virtual_base;
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] const u8* VirtualBasePointer() const noexcept {
+        return virtual_base;
+    }
+
+private:
+    size_t backing_size{};
+    size_t virtual_size{};
+
+    // Low level handler for the platform dependent memory routines
+    class Impl;
+    std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
+    u8* backing_base{};
+    u8* virtual_base{};
+    size_t virtual_base_offset{};
+
+    // Fallback if fastmem is not supported on this platform
+    std::unique_ptr<Common::VirtualBuffer<u8>> fallback_buffer;
+};
+
+} // namespace Common
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2021 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Common::Literals {
+
+constexpr u64 operator""_KiB(unsigned long long int x) {
+    return 1024ULL * x;
+}
+
+constexpr u64 operator""_MiB(unsigned long long int x) {
+    return 1024_KiB * x;
+}
+
+constexpr u64 operator""_GiB(unsigned long long int x) {
+    return 1024_MiB * x;
+}
+
+constexpr u64 operator""_TiB(unsigned long long int x) {
+    return 1024_GiB * x;
+}
+
+constexpr u64 operator""_PiB(unsigned long long int x) {
+    return 1024_TiB * x;
+}
+
+} // namespace Common::Literals
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@
 #endif

 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/fs/file.h"
 #include "common/fs/fs.h"
+#include "common/literals.h"
+
 #include "common/logging/backend.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/logging/text_formatter.h"
@@ -97,8 +100,8 @@ private:
                write_logs(entry);
            }

-            // Drain the logging queue. Only writes out up to MAX_LOGS_TO_WRITE to prevent a case
-            // where a system is repeatedly spamming logs even on close.
+            // Drain the logging queue. Only writes out up to MAX_LOGS_TO_WRITE to prevent a
+            // case where a system is repeatedly spamming logs even on close.
            const int MAX_LOGS_TO_WRITE = filter.IsDebug() ? INT_MAX : 100;
            int logs_written = 0;
            while (logs_written++ < MAX_LOGS_TO_WRITE && message_queue.Pop(entry)) {
@@ -140,10 +143,14 @@ private:
    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point time_origin{std::chrono::steady_clock::now()};
 };

+ConsoleBackend::~ConsoleBackend() = default;
+
 void ConsoleBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
    PrintMessage(entry);
 }

+ColorConsoleBackend::~ColorConsoleBackend() = default;
+
 void ColorConsoleBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
    PrintColoredMessage(entry);
 }
@@ -154,169 +161,49 @@ FileBackend::FileBackend(const std::filesystem::path& filename) {

    // Existence checks are done within the functions themselves.
    // We don't particularly care if these succeed or not.
-    void(FS::RemoveFile(old_filename));
+    FS::RemoveFile(old_filename);
    void(FS::RenameFile(filename, old_filename));

-    file = FS::IOFile(filename, FS::FileAccessMode::Write, FS::FileType::TextFile);
+    file =
+        std::make_unique<FS::IOFile>(filename, FS::FileAccessMode::Write, FS::FileType::TextFile);
 }

+FileBackend::~FileBackend() = default;
+
 void FileBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
-    // prevent logs from going over the maximum size (in case its spamming and the user doesn't
-    // know)
-    constexpr std::size_t MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
-    constexpr std::size_t MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN_EXTENDED = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-    if (!file.IsOpen()) {
+    if (!file->IsOpen()) {
        return;
    }

-    if (Settings::values.extended_logging && bytes_written > MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN_EXTENDED) {
-        return;
-    } else if (!Settings::values.extended_logging && bytes_written > MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) {
+    using namespace Common::Literals;
+    // Prevent logs from exceeding a set maximum size in the event that log entries are spammed.
+    constexpr std::size_t MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 100_MiB;
+    constexpr std::size_t MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN_EXTENDED = 1_GiB;
+
+    const bool write_limit_exceeded =
+        bytes_written > MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN_EXTENDED ||
+        (bytes_written > MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN && !Settings::values.extended_logging);
+
+    // Close the file after the write limit is exceeded.
+    if (write_limit_exceeded) {
+        file->Close();
        return;
    }

-    bytes_written += file.WriteString(FormatLogMessage(entry).append(1, '\n'));
+    bytes_written += file->WriteString(FormatLogMessage(entry).append(1, '\n'));
    if (entry.log_level >= Level::Error) {
-        void(file.Flush());
+        file->Flush();
    }
 }

+DebuggerBackend::~DebuggerBackend() = default;
+
 void DebuggerBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
 #ifdef _WIN32
    ::OutputDebugStringW(UTF8ToUTF16W(FormatLogMessage(entry).append(1, '\n')).c_str());
 #endif
 }

-/// Macro listing all log classes. Code should define CLS and SUB as desired before invoking this.
-#define ALL_LOG_CLASSES()                                                                          \
-    CLS(Log)                                                                                       \
-    CLS(Common)                                                                                    \
-    SUB(Common, Filesystem)                                                                        \
-    SUB(Common, Memory)                                                                            \
-    CLS(Core)                                                                                      \
-    SUB(Core, ARM)                                                                                 \
-    SUB(Core, Timing)                                                                              \
-    CLS(Config)                                                                                    \
-    CLS(Debug)                                                                                     \
-    SUB(Debug, Emulated)                                                                           \
-    SUB(Debug, GPU)                                                                                \
-    SUB(Debug, Breakpoint)                                                                         \
-    SUB(Debug, GDBStub)                                                                            \
-    CLS(Kernel)                                                                                    \
-    SUB(Kernel, SVC)                                                                               \
-    CLS(Service)                                                                                   \
-    SUB(Service, ACC)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, Audio)                                                                            \
-    SUB(Service, AM)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, AOC)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, APM)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, ARP)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, BCAT)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, BPC)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, BGTC)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, BTDRV)                                                                            \
-    SUB(Service, BTM)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, Capture)                                                                          \
-    SUB(Service, ERPT)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, ETicket)                                                                          \
-    SUB(Service, EUPLD)                                                                            \
-    SUB(Service, Fatal)                                                                            \
-    SUB(Service, FGM)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, Friend)                                                                           \
-    SUB(Service, FS)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, GRC)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, HID)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, IRS)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, LBL)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, LDN)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, LDR)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, LM)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, Migration)                                                                        \
-    SUB(Service, Mii)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, MM)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, NCM)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, NFC)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, NFP)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, NIFM)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, NIM)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, NPNS)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, NS)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, NVDRV)                                                                            \
-    SUB(Service, OLSC)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, PCIE)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, PCTL)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, PCV)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, PM)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, PREPO)                                                                            \
-    SUB(Service, PSC)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, PSM)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, SET)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, SM)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, SPL)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, SSL)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, TCAP)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, Time)                                                                             \
-    SUB(Service, USB)                                                                              \
-    SUB(Service, VI)                                                                               \
-    SUB(Service, WLAN)                                                                             \
-    CLS(HW)                                                                                        \
-    SUB(HW, Memory)                                                                                \
-    SUB(HW, LCD)                                                                                   \
-    SUB(HW, GPU)                                                                                   \
-    SUB(HW, AES)                                                                                   \
-    CLS(IPC)                                                                                       \
-    CLS(Frontend)                                                                                  \
-    CLS(Render)                                                                                    \
-    SUB(Render, Software)                                                                          \
-    SUB(Render, OpenGL)                                                                            \
-    SUB(Render, Vulkan)                                                                            \
-    CLS(Audio)                                                                                     \
-    SUB(Audio, DSP)                                                                                \
-    SUB(Audio, Sink)                                                                               \
-    CLS(Input)                                                                                     \
-    CLS(Network)                                                                                   \
-    CLS(Loader)                                                                                    \
-    CLS(CheatEngine)                                                                               \
-    CLS(Crypto)                                                                                    \
-    CLS(WebService)
-
-// GetClassName is a macro defined by Windows.h, grrr...
-const char* GetLogClassName(Class log_class) {
-    switch (log_class) {
-#define CLS(x)                                                                                     \
-    case Class::x:                                                                                 \
-        return #x;
-#define SUB(x, y)                                                                                  \
-    case Class::x##_##y:                                                                           \
-        return #x "." #y;
-        ALL_LOG_CLASSES()
-#undef CLS
-#undef SUB
-    case Class::Count:
-        break;
-    }
-    return "Invalid";
-}
-
-const char* GetLevelName(Level log_level) {
-#define LVL(x)                                                                                     \
-    case Level::x:                                                                                 \
-        return #x
-    switch (log_level) {
-        LVL(Trace);
-        LVL(Debug);
-        LVL(Info);
-        LVL(Warning);
-        LVL(Error);
-        LVL(Critical);
-    case Level::Count:
-        break;
-    }
-#undef LVL
-    return "Invalid";
-}
-
 void SetGlobalFilter(const Filter& filter) {
    Impl::Instance().SetGlobalFilter(filter);
 }
@@ -1,36 +1,24 @@
 // Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
 #pragma once

-#include <chrono>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
-#include "common/fs/file.h"
 #include "common/logging/filter.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"

+namespace Common::FS {
+class IOFile;
+}
+
 namespace Common::Log {

 class Filter;

-/**
- * A log entry. Log entries are store in a structured format to permit more varied output
- * formatting on different frontends, as well as facilitating filtering and aggregation.
- */
-struct Entry {
-    std::chrono::microseconds timestamp;
-    Class log_class{};
-    Level log_level{};
-    const char* filename = nullptr;
-    unsigned int line_num = 0;
-    std::string function;
-    std::string message;
-    bool final_entry = false;
-};
-
 /**
 * Interface for logging backends. As loggers can be created and removed at runtime, this can be
 * used by a frontend for adding a custom logging backend as needed
@@ -38,6 +26,7 @@ struct Entry {
 class Backend {
 public:
    virtual ~Backend() = default;
+
    virtual void SetFilter(const Filter& new_filter) {
        filter = new_filter;
    }
@@ -53,6 +42,8 @@ private:
 */
 class ConsoleBackend : public Backend {
 public:
+    ~ConsoleBackend() override;
+
    static const char* Name() {
        return "console";
    }
@@ -67,6 +58,8 @@ public:
 */
 class ColorConsoleBackend : public Backend {
 public:
+    ~ColorConsoleBackend() override;
+
    static const char* Name() {
        return "color_console";
    }
@@ -83,6 +76,7 @@ public:
 class FileBackend : public Backend {
 public:
    explicit FileBackend(const std::filesystem::path& filename);
+    ~FileBackend() override;

    static const char* Name() {
        return "file";
@@ -95,7 +89,7 @@ public:
    void Write(const Entry& entry) override;

 private:
-    FS::IOFile file;
+    std::unique_ptr<FS::IOFile> file;
    std::size_t bytes_written = 0;
 };

@@ -104,6 +98,8 @@ private:
 */
 class DebuggerBackend : public Backend {
 public:
+    ~DebuggerBackend() override;
+
    static const char* Name() {
        return "debugger";
    }
@@ -119,17 +115,6 @@ void RemoveBackend(std::string_view backend_name);

 Backend* GetBackend(std::string_view backend_name);

-/**
- * Returns the name of the passed log class as a C-string. Subclasses are separated by periods
- * instead of underscores as in the enumeration.
- */
-const char* GetLogClassName(Class log_class);
-
-/**
- * Returns the name of the passed log level as a C-string.
- */
-const char* GetLevelName(Level log_level);
-
 /**
 * The global filter will prevent any messages from even being processed if they are filtered. Each
 * backend can have a filter, but if the level is lower than the global filter, the backend will
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.

 #include <algorithm>
-#include "common/logging/backend.h"
 #include "common/logging/filter.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"

@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ Level GetLevelByName(const It begin, const It end) {

 template <typename It>
 Class GetClassByName(const It begin, const It end) {
-    for (ClassType i = 0; i < static_cast<ClassType>(Class::Count); ++i) {
+    for (u8 i = 0; i < static_cast<u8>(Class::Count); ++i) {
        const char* level_name = GetLogClassName(static_cast<Class>(i));
        if (Common::ComparePartialString(begin, end, level_name)) {
            return static_cast<Class>(i);
@@ -62,6 +61,139 @@ bool ParseFilterRule(Filter& instance, Iterator begin, Iterator end) {
 }
 } // Anonymous namespace

+/// Macro listing all log classes. Code should define CLS and SUB as desired before invoking this.
+#define ALL_LOG_CLASSES()                                                                          \
+    CLS(Log)                                                                                       \
+    CLS(Common)                                                                                    \
+    SUB(Common, Filesystem)                                                                        \
+    SUB(Common, Memory)                                                                            \
+    CLS(Core)                                                                                      \
+    SUB(Core, ARM)                                                                                 \
+    SUB(Core, Timing)                                                                              \
+    CLS(Config)                                                                                    \
+    CLS(Debug)                                                                                     \
+    SUB(Debug, Emulated)                                                                           \
+    SUB(Debug, GPU)                                                                                \
+    SUB(Debug, Breakpoint)                                                                         \
+    SUB(Debug, GDBStub)                                                                            \
+    CLS(Kernel)                                                                                    \
+    SUB(Kernel, SVC)                                                                               \
+    CLS(Service)                                                                                   \
+    SUB(Service, ACC)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, Audio)                                                                            \
+    SUB(Service, AM)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, AOC)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, APM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, ARP)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, BCAT)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, BPC)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, BGTC)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, BTDRV)                                                                            \
+    SUB(Service, BTM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, Capture)                                                                          \
+    SUB(Service, ERPT)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, ETicket)                                                                          \
+    SUB(Service, EUPLD)                                                                            \
+    SUB(Service, Fatal)                                                                            \
+    SUB(Service, FGM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, Friend)                                                                           \
+    SUB(Service, FS)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, GRC)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, HID)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, IRS)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, LBL)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, LDN)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, LDR)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, LM)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, Migration)                                                                        \
+    SUB(Service, Mii)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, MM)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, NCM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, NFC)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, NFP)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, NIFM)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, NIM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, NPNS)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, NS)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, NVDRV)                                                                            \
+    SUB(Service, OLSC)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, PCIE)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, PCTL)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, PCV)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, PM)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, PREPO)                                                                            \
+    SUB(Service, PSC)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, PSM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, SET)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, SM)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, SPL)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, SSL)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, TCAP)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, Time)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, USB)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, VI)                                                                               \
+    SUB(Service, WLAN)                                                                             \
+    CLS(HW)                                                                                        \
+    SUB(HW, Memory)                                                                                \
+    SUB(HW, LCD)                                                                                   \
+    SUB(HW, GPU)                                                                                   \
+    SUB(HW, AES)                                                                                   \
+    CLS(IPC)                                                                                       \
+    CLS(Frontend)                                                                                  \
+    CLS(Render)                                                                                    \
+    SUB(Render, Software)                                                                          \
+    SUB(Render, OpenGL)                                                                            \
+    SUB(Render, Vulkan)                                                                            \
+    CLS(Shader)                                                                                    \
+    SUB(Shader, SPIRV)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Shader, GLASM)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Shader, GLSL)                                                                              \
+    CLS(Audio)                                                                                     \
+    SUB(Audio, DSP)                                                                                \
+    SUB(Audio, Sink)                                                                               \
+    CLS(Input)                                                                                     \
+    CLS(Network)                                                                                   \
+    CLS(Loader)                                                                                    \
+    CLS(CheatEngine)                                                                               \
+    CLS(Crypto)                                                                                    \
+    CLS(WebService)
+
+// GetClassName is a macro defined by Windows.h, grrr...
+const char* GetLogClassName(Class log_class) {
+    switch (log_class) {
+#define CLS(x)                                                                                     \
+    case Class::x:                                                                                 \
+        return #x;
+#define SUB(x, y)                                                                                  \
+    case Class::x##_##y:                                                                           \
+        return #x "." #y;
+        ALL_LOG_CLASSES()
+#undef CLS
+#undef SUB
+    case Class::Count:
+        break;
+    }
+    return "Invalid";
+}
+
+const char* GetLevelName(Level log_level) {
+#define LVL(x)                                                                                     \
+    case Level::x:                                                                                 \
+        return #x
+    switch (log_level) {
+        LVL(Trace);
+        LVL(Debug);
+        LVL(Info);
+        LVL(Warning);
+        LVL(Error);
+        LVL(Critical);
+    case Level::Count:
+        break;
+    }
+#undef LVL
+    return "Invalid";
+}
+
 Filter::Filter(Level default_level) {
    ResetAll(default_level);
 }
@@ -5,12 +5,24 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <array>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <string_view>
 #include "common/logging/log.h"

 namespace Common::Log {

+/**
+ * Returns the name of the passed log class as a C-string. Subclasses are separated by periods
+ * instead of underscores as in the enumeration.
+ */
+const char* GetLogClassName(Class log_class);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the name of the passed log level as a C-string.
+ */
+const char* GetLevelName(Level log_level);
+
 /**
 * Implements a log message filter which allows different log classes to have different minimum
 * severity levels. The filter can be changed at runtime and can be parsed from a string to allow
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <fmt/format.h>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/logging/types.h"

 namespace Common::Log {

@@ -18,124 +18,6 @@ constexpr const char* TrimSourcePath(std::string_view source) {
    return source.data() + idx;
 }

-/// Specifies the severity or level of detail of the log message.
-enum class Level : u8 {
-    Trace,    ///< Extremely detailed and repetitive debugging information that is likely to
-              ///< pollute logs.
-    Debug,    ///< Less detailed debugging information.
-    Info,     ///< Status information from important points during execution.
-    Warning,  ///< Minor or potential problems found during execution of a task.
-    Error,    ///< Major problems found during execution of a task that prevent it from being
-              ///< completed.
-    Critical, ///< Major problems during execution that threaten the stability of the entire
-              ///< application.
-
-    Count ///< Total number of logging levels
-};
-
-typedef u8 ClassType;
-
-/**
- * Specifies the sub-system that generated the log message.
- *
- * @note If you add a new entry here, also add a corresponding one to `ALL_LOG_CLASSES` in
- * backend.cpp.
- */
-enum class Class : ClassType {
-    Log,               ///< Messages about the log system itself
-    Common,            ///< Library routines
-    Common_Filesystem, ///< Filesystem interface library
-    Common_Memory,     ///< Memory mapping and management functions
-    Core,              ///< LLE emulation core
-    Core_ARM,          ///< ARM CPU core
-    Core_Timing,       ///< CoreTiming functions
-    Config,            ///< Emulator configuration (including commandline)
-    Debug,             ///< Debugging tools
-    Debug_Emulated,    ///< Debug messages from the emulated programs
-    Debug_GPU,         ///< GPU debugging tools
-    Debug_Breakpoint,  ///< Logging breakpoints and watchpoints
-    Debug_GDBStub,     ///< GDB Stub
-    Kernel,            ///< The HLE implementation of the CTR kernel
-    Kernel_SVC,        ///< Kernel system calls
-    Service,           ///< HLE implementation of system services. Each major service
-                       ///< should have its own subclass.
-    Service_ACC,       ///< The ACC (Accounts) service
-    Service_AM,        ///< The AM (Applet manager) service
-    Service_AOC,       ///< The AOC (AddOn Content) service
-    Service_APM,       ///< The APM (Performance) service
-    Service_ARP,       ///< The ARP service
-    Service_Audio,     ///< The Audio (Audio control) service
-    Service_BCAT,      ///< The BCAT service
-    Service_BGTC,      ///< The BGTC (Background Task Controller) service
-    Service_BPC,       ///< The BPC service
-    Service_BTDRV,     ///< The Bluetooth driver service
-    Service_BTM,       ///< The BTM service
-    Service_Capture,   ///< The capture service
-    Service_ERPT,      ///< The error reporting service
-    Service_ETicket,   ///< The ETicket service
-    Service_EUPLD,     ///< The error upload service
-    Service_Fatal,     ///< The Fatal service
-    Service_FGM,       ///< The FGM service
-    Service_Friend,    ///< The friend service
-    Service_FS,        ///< The FS (Filesystem) service
-    Service_GRC,       ///< The game recording service
-    Service_HID,       ///< The HID (Human interface device) service
-    Service_IRS,       ///< The IRS service
-    Service_LBL,       ///< The LBL (LCD backlight) service
-    Service_LDN,       ///< The LDN (Local domain network) service
-    Service_LDR,       ///< The loader service
-    Service_LM,        ///< The LM (Logger) service
-    Service_Migration, ///< The migration service
-    Service_Mii,       ///< The Mii service
-    Service_MM,        ///< The MM (Multimedia) service
-    Service_NCM,       ///< The NCM service
-    Service_NFC,       ///< The NFC (Near-field communication) service
-    Service_NFP,       ///< The NFP service
-    Service_NIFM,      ///< The NIFM (Network interface) service
-    Service_NIM,       ///< The NIM service
-    Service_NPNS,      ///< The NPNS service
-    Service_NS,        ///< The NS services
-    Service_NVDRV,     ///< The NVDRV (Nvidia driver) service
-    Service_OLSC,      ///< The OLSC service
-    Service_PCIE,      ///< The PCIe service
-    Service_PCTL,      ///< The PCTL (Parental control) service
-    Service_PCV,       ///< The PCV service
-    Service_PM,        ///< The PM service
-    Service_PREPO,     ///< The PREPO (Play report) service
-    Service_PSC,       ///< The PSC service
-    Service_PSM,       ///< The PSM service
-    Service_SET,       ///< The SET (Settings) service
-    Service_SM,        ///< The SM (Service manager) service
-    Service_SPL,       ///< The SPL service
-    Service_SSL,       ///< The SSL service
-    Service_TCAP,      ///< The TCAP service.
-    Service_Time,      ///< The time service
-    Service_USB,       ///< The USB (Universal Serial Bus) service
-    Service_VI,        ///< The VI (Video interface) service
-    Service_WLAN,      ///< The WLAN (Wireless local area network) service
-    HW,                ///< Low-level hardware emulation
-    HW_Memory,         ///< Memory-map and address translation
-    HW_LCD,            ///< LCD register emulation
-    HW_GPU,            ///< GPU control emulation
-    HW_AES,            ///< AES engine emulation
-    IPC,               ///< IPC interface
-    Frontend,          ///< Emulator UI
-    Render,            ///< Emulator video output and hardware acceleration
-    Render_Software,   ///< Software renderer backend
-    Render_OpenGL,     ///< OpenGL backend
-    Render_Vulkan,     ///< Vulkan backend
-    Audio,             ///< Audio emulation
-    Audio_DSP,         ///< The HLE implementation of the DSP
-    Audio_Sink,        ///< Emulator audio output backend
-    Loader,            ///< ROM loader
-    CheatEngine,       ///< Memory manipulation and engine VM functions
-    Crypto,            ///< Cryptographic engine/functions
-    Input,             ///< Input emulation
-    Network,           ///< Network emulation
-    WebService,        ///< Interface to yuzu Web Services
-    Count              ///< Total number of logging classes
-};
-
 /// Logs a message to the global logger, using fmt
 void FmtLogMessageImpl(Class log_class, Level log_level, const char* filename,
                       unsigned int line_num, const char* function, const char* format,
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@

 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
-#include "common/logging/backend.h"
+#include "common/logging/filter.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/logging/text_formatter.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Common::Log {
+
+/// Specifies the severity or level of detail of the log message.
+enum class Level : u8 {
+    Trace,    ///< Extremely detailed and repetitive debugging information that is likely to
+              ///< pollute logs.
+    Debug,    ///< Less detailed debugging information.
+    Info,     ///< Status information from important points during execution.
+    Warning,  ///< Minor or potential problems found during execution of a task.
+    Error,    ///< Major problems found during execution of a task that prevent it from being
+              ///< completed.
+    Critical, ///< Major problems during execution that threaten the stability of the entire
+              ///< application.
+
+    Count ///< Total number of logging levels
+};
+
+/**
+ * Specifies the sub-system that generated the log message.
+ *
+ * @note If you add a new entry here, also add a corresponding one to `ALL_LOG_CLASSES` in
+ * filter.cpp.
+ */
+enum class Class : u8 {
+    Log,               ///< Messages about the log system itself
+    Common,            ///< Library routines
+    Common_Filesystem, ///< Filesystem interface library
+    Common_Memory,     ///< Memory mapping and management functions
+    Core,              ///< LLE emulation core
+    Core_ARM,          ///< ARM CPU core
+    Core_Timing,       ///< CoreTiming functions
+    Config,            ///< Emulator configuration (including commandline)
+    Debug,             ///< Debugging tools
+    Debug_Emulated,    ///< Debug messages from the emulated programs
+    Debug_GPU,         ///< GPU debugging tools
+    Debug_Breakpoint,  ///< Logging breakpoints and watchpoints
+    Debug_GDBStub,     ///< GDB Stub
+    Kernel,            ///< The HLE implementation of the CTR kernel
+    Kernel_SVC,        ///< Kernel system calls
+    Service,           ///< HLE implementation of system services. Each major service
+                       ///< should have its own subclass.
+    Service_ACC,       ///< The ACC (Accounts) service
+    Service_AM,        ///< The AM (Applet manager) service
+    Service_AOC,       ///< The AOC (AddOn Content) service
+    Service_APM,       ///< The APM (Performance) service
+    Service_ARP,       ///< The ARP service
+    Service_Audio,     ///< The Audio (Audio control) service
+    Service_BCAT,      ///< The BCAT service
+    Service_BGTC,      ///< The BGTC (Background Task Controller) service
+    Service_BPC,       ///< The BPC service
+    Service_BTDRV,     ///< The Bluetooth driver service
+    Service_BTM,       ///< The BTM service
+    Service_Capture,   ///< The capture service
+    Service_ERPT,      ///< The error reporting service
+    Service_ETicket,   ///< The ETicket service
+    Service_EUPLD,     ///< The error upload service
+    Service_Fatal,     ///< The Fatal service
+    Service_FGM,       ///< The FGM service
+    Service_Friend,    ///< The friend service
+    Service_FS,        ///< The FS (Filesystem) service
+    Service_GRC,       ///< The game recording service
+    Service_HID,       ///< The HID (Human interface device) service
+    Service_IRS,       ///< The IRS service
+    Service_LBL,       ///< The LBL (LCD backlight) service
+    Service_LDN,       ///< The LDN (Local domain network) service
+    Service_LDR,       ///< The loader service
+    Service_LM,        ///< The LM (Logger) service
+    Service_Migration, ///< The migration service
+    Service_Mii,       ///< The Mii service
+    Service_MM,        ///< The MM (Multimedia) service
+    Service_NCM,       ///< The NCM service
+    Service_NFC,       ///< The NFC (Near-field communication) service
+    Service_NFP,       ///< The NFP service
+    Service_NIFM,      ///< The NIFM (Network interface) service
+    Service_NIM,       ///< The NIM service
+    Service_NPNS,      ///< The NPNS service
+    Service_NS,        ///< The NS services
+    Service_NVDRV,     ///< The NVDRV (Nvidia driver) service
+    Service_OLSC,      ///< The OLSC service
+    Service_PCIE,      ///< The PCIe service
+    Service_PCTL,      ///< The PCTL (Parental control) service
+    Service_PCV,       ///< The PCV service
+    Service_PM,        ///< The PM service
+    Service_PREPO,     ///< The PREPO (Play report) service
+    Service_PSC,       ///< The PSC service
+    Service_PSM,       ///< The PSM service
+    Service_SET,       ///< The SET (Settings) service
+    Service_SM,        ///< The SM (Service manager) service
+    Service_SPL,       ///< The SPL service
+    Service_SSL,       ///< The SSL service
+    Service_TCAP,      ///< The TCAP service.
+    Service_Time,      ///< The time service
+    Service_USB,       ///< The USB (Universal Serial Bus) service
+    Service_VI,        ///< The VI (Video interface) service
+    Service_WLAN,      ///< The WLAN (Wireless local area network) service
+    HW,                ///< Low-level hardware emulation
+    HW_Memory,         ///< Memory-map and address translation
+    HW_LCD,            ///< LCD register emulation
+    HW_GPU,            ///< GPU control emulation
+    HW_AES,            ///< AES engine emulation
+    IPC,               ///< IPC interface
+    Frontend,          ///< Emulator UI
+    Render,            ///< Emulator video output and hardware acceleration
+    Render_Software,   ///< Software renderer backend
+    Render_OpenGL,     ///< OpenGL backend
+    Render_Vulkan,     ///< Vulkan backend
+    Shader,            ///< Shader recompiler
+    Shader_SPIRV,      ///< Shader SPIR-V code generation
+    Shader_GLASM,      ///< Shader GLASM code generation
+    Shader_GLSL,       ///< Shader GLSL code generation
+    Audio,             ///< Audio emulation
+    Audio_DSP,         ///< The HLE implementation of the DSP
+    Audio_Sink,        ///< Emulator audio output backend
+    Loader,            ///< ROM loader
+    CheatEngine,       ///< Memory manipulation and engine VM functions
+    Crypto,            ///< Cryptographic engine/functions
+    Input,             ///< Input emulation
+    Network,           ///< Network emulation
+    WebService,        ///< Interface to yuzu Web Services
+    Count              ///< Total number of logging classes
+};
+
+/**
+ * A log entry. Log entries are store in a structured format to permit more varied output
+ * formatting on different frontends, as well as facilitating filtering and aggregation.
+ */
+struct Entry {
+    std::chrono::microseconds timestamp;
+    Class log_class{};
+    Level log_level{};
+    const char* filename = nullptr;
+    unsigned int line_num = 0;
+    std::string function;
+    std::string message;
+    bool final_entry = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace Common::Log
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ struct PageTable {
    VirtualBuffer<u64> backing_addr;

    size_t current_address_space_width_in_bits;
+
+    u8* fastmem_arena;
 };

 } // namespace Common
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #define BUILD_ID "@BUILD_ID@"
 #define TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_IDLE "@TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_IDLE@"
 #define TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_RUNNING "@TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_RUNNING@"
-#define SHADER_CACHE_VERSION "@SHADER_CACHE_VERSION@"

 namespace Common {

@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ const char g_build_version[]  = BUILD_VERSION;
 const char g_build_id[] = BUILD_ID;
 const char g_title_bar_format_idle[] = TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_IDLE;
 const char g_title_bar_format_running[] = TITLE_BAR_FORMAT_RUNNING;
-const char g_shader_cache_version[] = SHADER_CACHE_VERSION;

 } // namespace

@@ -41,36 +41,38 @@ void LogSettings() {
    LOG_INFO(Config, "yuzu Configuration:");
    log_setting("Controls_UseDockedMode", values.use_docked_mode.GetValue());
    log_setting("System_RngSeed", values.rng_seed.GetValue().value_or(0));
-    log_setting("System_CurrentUser", values.current_user);
+    log_setting("System_CurrentUser", values.current_user.GetValue());
    log_setting("System_LanguageIndex", values.language_index.GetValue());
    log_setting("System_RegionIndex", values.region_index.GetValue());
    log_setting("System_TimeZoneIndex", values.time_zone_index.GetValue());
    log_setting("Core_UseMultiCore", values.use_multi_core.GetValue());
    log_setting("CPU_Accuracy", values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_UseResolutionFactor", values.resolution_factor.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseFrameLimit", values.use_frame_limit.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_FrameLimit", values.frame_limit.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Renderer_UseSpeedLimit", values.use_speed_limit.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Renderer_SpeedLimit", values.speed_limit.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_UseDiskShaderCache", values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_GPUAccuracyLevel", values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_UseAsynchronousGpuEmulation",
                values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_UseNvdecEmulation", values.use_nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Renderer_AccelerateASTC", values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_UseVsync", values.use_vsync.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseAssemblyShaders", values.use_assembly_shaders.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Renderer_ShaderBackend", values.shader_backend.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_UseAsynchronousShaders", values.use_asynchronous_shaders.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Renderer_UseGarbageCollection", values.use_caches_gc.GetValue());
    log_setting("Renderer_AnisotropicFilteringLevel", values.max_anisotropy.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_OutputEngine", values.sink_id);
+    log_setting("Audio_OutputEngine", values.sink_id.GetValue());
    log_setting("Audio_EnableAudioStretching", values.enable_audio_stretching.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_OutputDevice", values.audio_device_id);
-    log_setting("DataStorage_UseVirtualSd", values.use_virtual_sd);
+    log_setting("Audio_OutputDevice", values.audio_device_id.GetValue());
+    log_setting("DataStorage_UseVirtualSd", values.use_virtual_sd.GetValue());
    log_path("DataStorage_CacheDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::CacheDir));
    log_path("DataStorage_ConfigDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::ConfigDir));
    log_path("DataStorage_LoadDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::LoadDir));
    log_path("DataStorage_NANDDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::NANDDir));
    log_path("DataStorage_SDMCDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::SDMCDir));
-    log_setting("Debugging_ProgramArgs", values.program_args);
-    log_setting("Services_BCATBackend", values.bcat_backend);
-    log_setting("Services_BCATBoxcatLocal", values.bcat_boxcat_local);
+    log_setting("Debugging_ProgramArgs", values.program_args.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Services_BCATBackend", values.bcat_backend.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Services_BCATBoxcatLocal", values.bcat_boxcat_local.GetValue());
 }

 bool IsConfiguringGlobal() {
@@ -90,11 +92,18 @@ bool IsGPULevelHigh() {
           values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GPUAccuracy::High;
 }

+bool IsFastmemEnabled() {
+    if (values.cpu_debug_mode) {
+        return static_cast<bool>(values.cpuopt_fastmem);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 float Volume() {
    if (values.audio_muted) {
        return 0.0f;
    }
-    return values.volume.GetValue();
+    return values.volume.GetValue() / 100.0f;
 }

 void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
@@ -114,23 +123,27 @@ void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
    values.cpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
    values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma.SetGlobal(true);
    values.cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr.SetGlobal(true);
    values.cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check.SetGlobal(true);

    // Renderer
    values.renderer_backend.SetGlobal(true);
    values.vulkan_device.SetGlobal(true);
    values.aspect_ratio.SetGlobal(true);
    values.max_anisotropy.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_frame_limit.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.frame_limit.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.use_speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
    values.use_disk_shader_cache.SetGlobal(true);
    values.gpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
    values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
    values.use_nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.accelerate_astc.SetGlobal(true);
    values.use_vsync.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_assembly_shaders.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.shader_backend.SetGlobal(true);
    values.use_asynchronous_shaders.SetGlobal(true);
    values.use_fast_gpu_time.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.use_caches_gc.SetGlobal(true);
    values.bg_red.SetGlobal(true);
    values.bg_green.SetGlobal(true);
    values.bg_blue.SetGlobal(true);
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>

 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/settings_input.h"
+#include "input_common/udp/client.h"

 namespace Settings {

@@ -22,6 +24,12 @@ enum class RendererBackend : u32 {
    Vulkan = 1,
 };

+enum class ShaderBackend : u32 {
+    GLSL = 0,
+    GLASM = 1,
+    SPIRV = 2,
+};
+
 enum class GPUAccuracy : u32 {
    Normal = 0,
    High = 1,
@@ -29,73 +37,245 @@ enum class GPUAccuracy : u32 {
 };

 enum class CPUAccuracy : u32 {
-    Accurate = 0,
-    Unsafe = 1,
-    DebugMode = 2,
+    Auto = 0,
+    Accurate = 1,
+    Unsafe = 2,
 };

+enum class FullscreenMode : u32 {
+    Borderless = 0,
+    Exclusive = 1,
+};
+
+/** The BasicSetting class is a simple resource manager. It defines a label and default value
+ * alongside the actual value of the setting for simpler and less-error prone use with frontend
+ * configurations. Setting a default value and label is required, though subclasses may deviate from
+ * this requirement.
+ */
 template <typename Type>
-class Setting final {
+class BasicSetting {
+protected:
+    BasicSetting() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Only sets the setting to the given initializer, leaving the other members to their default
+     * initializers.
+     *
+     * @param global_val Initial value of the setting
+     */
+    explicit BasicSetting(const Type& global_val) : global{global_val} {}
+
 public:
-    Setting() = default;
-    explicit Setting(Type val) : global{val} {}
-    ~Setting() = default;
-    void SetGlobal(bool to_global) {
-        use_global = to_global;
-    }
-    bool UsingGlobal() const {
-        return use_global;
-    }
-    Type GetValue(bool need_global = false) const {
-        if (use_global || need_global) {
-            return global;
-        }
-        return local;
-    }
-    void SetValue(const Type& value) {
-        if (use_global) {
-            global = value;
-        } else {
-            local = value;
-        }
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
+     *
+     * @param default_val Intial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     */
+    explicit BasicSetting(const Type& default_val, const std::string& name)
+        : default_value{default_val}, global{default_val}, label{name} {}
+    ~BasicSetting() = default;
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a reference to the setting's value.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetValue() const {
+        return global;
    }

-private:
-    bool use_global = true;
-    Type global{};
-    Type local{};
+    /**
+     * Sets the setting to the given value.
+     *
+     * @param value The desired value
+     */
+    void SetValue(const Type& value) {
+        Type temp{value};
+        std::swap(global, temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value that this setting was created with.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the default value
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetDefault() const {
+        return default_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the label this setting was created with.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the label
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::string& GetLabel() const {
+        return label;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns a value to the setting.
+     *
+     * @param value The desired setting value
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    const Type& operator=(const Type& value) {
+        Type temp{value};
+        std::swap(global, temp);
+        return global;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the setting.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    explicit operator const Type&() const {
+        return global;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    const Type default_value{}; ///< The default value
+    Type global{};              ///< The setting
+    const std::string label{};  ///< The setting's label
 };

 /**
- * The InputSetting class allows for getting a reference to either the global or local members.
+ * The Setting class is a slightly more complex version of the BasicSetting class. This adds a
+ * custom setting to switch to when a guest application specifically requires it. The effect is that
+ * other components of the emulator can access the setting's intended value without any need for the
+ * component to ask whether the custom or global setting is needed at the moment.
+ *
+ * By default, the global setting is used.
+ *
+ * Like the BasicSetting, this requires setting a default value and label to use.
+ */
+template <typename Type>
+class Setting final : public BasicSetting<Type> {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
+     *
+     * @param default_val Intial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     */
+    explicit Setting(const Type& default_val, const std::string& name)
+        : BasicSetting<Type>(default_val, name) {}
+    ~Setting() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Tells this setting to represent either the global or custom setting when other member
+     * functions are used.
+     *
+     * @param to_global Whether to use the global or custom setting.
+     */
+    void SetGlobal(bool to_global) {
+        use_global = to_global;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this setting is using the global setting or not.
+     *
+     * @returns The global state
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool UsingGlobal() const {
+        return use_global;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns either the global or custom setting depending on the values of this setting's global
+     * state or if the global value was specifically requested.
+     *
+     * @param need_global Request global value regardless of setting's state; defaults to false
+     *
+     * @returns The required value of the setting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetValue(bool need_global = false) const {
+        if (use_global || need_global) {
+            return this->global;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @param value The new value
+     */
+    void SetValue(const Type& value) {
+        Type temp{value};
+        if (use_global) {
+            std::swap(this->global, temp);
+        } else {
+            std::swap(custom, temp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @param value The new value
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
+     */
+    const Type& operator=(const Type& value) {
+        Type temp{value};
+        if (use_global) {
+            std::swap(this->global, temp);
+            return this->global;
+        }
+        std::swap(custom, temp);
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
+     */
+    explicit operator const Type&() const {
+        if (use_global) {
+            return this->global;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool use_global{true}; ///< The setting's global state
+    Type custom{};         ///< The custom value of the setting
+};
+
+/**
+ * The InputSetting class allows for getting a reference to either the global or custom members.
 * This is required as we cannot easily modify the values of user-defined types within containers
 * using the SetValue() member function found in the Setting class. The primary purpose of this
- * class is to store an array of 10 PlayerInput structs for both the global and local (per-game)
- * setting and allows for easily accessing and modifying both settings.
+ * class is to store an array of 10 PlayerInput structs for both the global and custom setting and
+ * allows for easily accessing and modifying both settings.
 */
 template <typename Type>
 class InputSetting final {
 public:
    InputSetting() = default;
-    explicit InputSetting(Type val) : global{val} {}
+    explicit InputSetting(Type val) : BasicSetting<Type>(val) {}
    ~InputSetting() = default;
    void SetGlobal(bool to_global) {
        use_global = to_global;
    }
-    bool UsingGlobal() const {
+    [[nodiscard]] bool UsingGlobal() const {
        return use_global;
    }
-    Type& GetValue(bool need_global = false) {
+    [[nodiscard]] Type& GetValue(bool need_global = false) {
        if (use_global || need_global) {
            return global;
        }
-        return local;
+        return custom;
    }

 private:
-    bool use_global = true;
-    Type global{};
-    Type local{};
+    bool use_global{true}; ///< The setting's global state
+    Type global{};         ///< The setting
+    Type custom{};         ///< The custom setting value
 };

 struct TouchFromButtonMap {
@@ -105,137 +285,163 @@ struct TouchFromButtonMap {

 struct Values {
    // Audio
-    std::string audio_device_id;
-    std::string sink_id;
-    bool audio_muted;
-    Setting<bool> enable_audio_stretching;
-    Setting<float> volume;
+    BasicSetting<std::string> audio_device_id{"auto", "output_device"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> sink_id{"auto", "output_engine"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> audio_muted{false, "audio_muted"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_audio_stretching{true, "enable_audio_stretching"};
+    Setting<u8> volume{100, "volume"};

    // Core
-    Setting<bool> use_multi_core;
+    Setting<bool> use_multi_core{true, "use_multi_core"};

    // Cpu
-    Setting<CPUAccuracy> cpu_accuracy;
+    Setting<CPUAccuracy> cpu_accuracy{CPUAccuracy::Auto, "cpu_accuracy"};
+    // TODO: remove cpu_accuracy_first_time, migration setting added 8 July 2021
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpu_accuracy_first_time{true, "cpu_accuracy_first_time"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpu_debug_mode{false, "cpu_debug_mode"};

-    bool cpuopt_page_tables;
-    bool cpuopt_block_linking;
-    bool cpuopt_return_stack_buffer;
-    bool cpuopt_fast_dispatcher;
-    bool cpuopt_context_elimination;
-    bool cpuopt_const_prop;
-    bool cpuopt_misc_ir;
-    bool cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks;
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_page_tables{true, "cpuopt_page_tables"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_block_linking{true, "cpuopt_block_linking"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_return_stack_buffer{true, "cpuopt_return_stack_buffer"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_fast_dispatcher{true, "cpuopt_fast_dispatcher"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_context_elimination{true, "cpuopt_context_elimination"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_const_prop{true, "cpuopt_const_prop"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_misc_ir{true, "cpuopt_misc_ir"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks{true, "cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem{true, "cpuopt_fastmem"};

-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma;
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error;
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan;
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma"};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error"};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr"};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan"};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check"};

    // Renderer
-    Setting<RendererBackend> renderer_backend;
-    bool renderer_debug;
-    Setting<int> vulkan_device;
+    Setting<RendererBackend> renderer_backend{RendererBackend::OpenGL, "backend"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> renderer_debug{false, "debug"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> renderer_shader_feedback{false, "shader_feedback"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> enable_nsight_aftermath{false, "nsight_aftermath"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> disable_shader_loop_safety_checks{false,
+                                                         "disable_shader_loop_safety_checks"};
+    Setting<int> vulkan_device{0, "vulkan_device"};

-    Setting<u16> resolution_factor{1};
-    Setting<int> fullscreen_mode;
-    Setting<int> aspect_ratio;
-    Setting<int> max_anisotropy;
-    Setting<bool> use_frame_limit;
-    Setting<u16> frame_limit;
-    Setting<bool> use_disk_shader_cache;
-    Setting<GPUAccuracy> gpu_accuracy;
-    Setting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation;
-    Setting<bool> use_nvdec_emulation;
-    Setting<bool> use_vsync;
-    Setting<bool> use_assembly_shaders;
-    Setting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders;
-    Setting<bool> use_fast_gpu_time;
+    Setting<u16> resolution_factor{1, "resolution_factor"};
+    // *nix platforms may have issues with the borderless windowed fullscreen mode.
+    // Default to exclusive fullscreen on these platforms for now.
+    Setting<FullscreenMode> fullscreen_mode{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        FullscreenMode::Borderless,
+#else
+        FullscreenMode::Exclusive,
+#endif
+        "fullscreen_mode"};
+    Setting<int> aspect_ratio{0, "aspect_ratio"};
+    Setting<int> max_anisotropy{0, "max_anisotropy"};
+    Setting<bool> use_speed_limit{true, "use_speed_limit"};
+    Setting<u16> speed_limit{100, "speed_limit"};
+    Setting<bool> use_disk_shader_cache{true, "use_disk_shader_cache"};
+    Setting<GPUAccuracy> gpu_accuracy{GPUAccuracy::High, "gpu_accuracy"};
+    Setting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation{true, "use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation"};
+    Setting<bool> use_nvdec_emulation{true, "use_nvdec_emulation"};
+    Setting<bool> accelerate_astc{true, "accelerate_astc"};
+    Setting<bool> use_vsync{true, "use_vsync"};
+    BasicSetting<u16> fps_cap{1000, "fps_cap"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> disable_fps_limit{false, "disable_fps_limit"};
+    Setting<ShaderBackend> shader_backend{ShaderBackend::GLASM, "shader_backend"};
+    Setting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders{false, "use_asynchronous_shaders"};
+    Setting<bool> use_fast_gpu_time{true, "use_fast_gpu_time"};
+    Setting<bool> use_caches_gc{false, "use_caches_gc"};

-    Setting<float> bg_red;
-    Setting<float> bg_green;
-    Setting<float> bg_blue;
+    Setting<u8> bg_red{0, "bg_red"};
+    Setting<u8> bg_green{0, "bg_green"};
+    Setting<u8> bg_blue{0, "bg_blue"};

    // System
-    Setting<std::optional<u32>> rng_seed;
+    Setting<std::optional<u32>> rng_seed{std::optional<u32>(), "rng_seed"};
    // Measured in seconds since epoch
    std::optional<std::chrono::seconds> custom_rtc;
    // Set on game boot, reset on stop. Seconds difference between current time and `custom_rtc`
    std::chrono::seconds custom_rtc_differential;

-    s32 current_user;
-    Setting<s32> language_index;
-    Setting<s32> region_index;
-    Setting<s32> time_zone_index;
-    Setting<s32> sound_index;
+    BasicSetting<s32> current_user{0, "current_user"};
+    Setting<s32> language_index{1, "language_index"};
+    Setting<s32> region_index{1, "region_index"};
+    Setting<s32> time_zone_index{0, "time_zone_index"};
+    Setting<s32> sound_index{1, "sound_index"};

    // Controls
    InputSetting<std::array<PlayerInput, 10>> players;

-    Setting<bool> use_docked_mode;
+    Setting<bool> use_docked_mode{true, "use_docked_mode"};

-    Setting<bool> vibration_enabled;
-    Setting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations;
+    Setting<bool> vibration_enabled{true, "vibration_enabled"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations{false, "enable_accurate_vibrations"};

-    Setting<bool> motion_enabled;
-    std::string motion_device;
-    std::string udp_input_servers;
+    Setting<bool> motion_enabled{true, "motion_enabled"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> motion_device{"engine:motion_emu,update_period:100,sensitivity:0.01",
+                                            "motion_device"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> udp_input_servers{InputCommon::CemuhookUDP::DEFAULT_SRV,
+                                                "udp_input_servers"};

-    bool mouse_panning;
-    float mouse_panning_sensitivity;
-    bool mouse_enabled;
+    BasicSetting<bool> mouse_panning{false, "mouse_panning"};
+    BasicSetting<u8> mouse_panning_sensitivity{10, "mouse_panning_sensitivity"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> mouse_enabled{false, "mouse_enabled"};
    std::string mouse_device;
    MouseButtonsRaw mouse_buttons;

-    bool emulate_analog_keyboard;
-    bool keyboard_enabled;
+    BasicSetting<bool> emulate_analog_keyboard{false, "emulate_analog_keyboard"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> keyboard_enabled{false, "keyboard_enabled"};
    KeyboardKeysRaw keyboard_keys;
    KeyboardModsRaw keyboard_mods;

-    bool debug_pad_enabled;
+    BasicSetting<bool> debug_pad_enabled{false, "debug_pad_enabled"};
    ButtonsRaw debug_pad_buttons;
    AnalogsRaw debug_pad_analogs;

    TouchscreenInput touchscreen;

-    bool use_touch_from_button;
-    std::string touch_device;
-    int touch_from_button_map_index;
+    BasicSetting<bool> use_touch_from_button{false, "use_touch_from_button"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> touch_device{"min_x:100,min_y:50,max_x:1800,max_y:850",
+                                           "touch_device"};
+    BasicSetting<int> touch_from_button_map_index{0, "touch_from_button_map"};
    std::vector<TouchFromButtonMap> touch_from_button_maps;

    std::atomic_bool is_device_reload_pending{true};

    // Data Storage
-    bool use_virtual_sd;
-    bool gamecard_inserted;
-    bool gamecard_current_game;
-    std::string gamecard_path;
+    BasicSetting<bool> use_virtual_sd{true, "use_virtual_sd"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> gamecard_inserted{false, "gamecard_inserted"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> gamecard_current_game{false, "gamecard_current_game"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> gamecard_path{std::string(), "gamecard_path"};

    // Debugging
    bool record_frame_times;
-    bool use_gdbstub;
-    u16 gdbstub_port;
-    std::string program_args;
-    bool dump_exefs;
-    bool dump_nso;
-    bool reporting_services;
-    bool quest_flag;
-    bool disable_macro_jit;
-    bool extended_logging;
-    bool use_debug_asserts;
-    bool use_auto_stub;
+    BasicSetting<bool> use_gdbstub{false, "use_gdbstub"};
+    BasicSetting<u16> gdbstub_port{0, "gdbstub_port"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> program_args{std::string(), "program_args"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> dump_exefs{false, "dump_exefs"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> dump_nso{false, "dump_nso"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> enable_fs_access_log{false, "enable_fs_access_log"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> reporting_services{false, "reporting_services"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> quest_flag{false, "quest_flag"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> disable_macro_jit{false, "disable_macro_jit"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> extended_logging{false, "extended_logging"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> use_debug_asserts{false, "use_debug_asserts"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> use_auto_stub{false, "use_auto_stub"};

    // Miscellaneous
-    std::string log_filter;
-    bool use_dev_keys;
+    BasicSetting<std::string> log_filter{"*:Info", "log_filter"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> use_dev_keys{false, "use_dev_keys"};

    // Services
-    std::string bcat_backend;
-    bool bcat_boxcat_local;
+    BasicSetting<std::string> bcat_backend{"none", "bcat_backend"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> bcat_boxcat_local{false, "bcat_boxcat_local"};

    // WebService
-    bool enable_telemetry;
-    std::string web_api_url;
-    std::string yuzu_username;
-    std::string yuzu_token;
+    BasicSetting<bool> enable_telemetry{true, "enable_telemetry"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> web_api_url{"https://api.yuzu-emu.org", "web_api_url"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> yuzu_username{std::string(), "yuzu_username"};
+    BasicSetting<std::string> yuzu_token{std::string(), "yuzu_token"};

    // Add-Ons
    std::map<u64, std::vector<std::string>> disabled_addons;
@@ -249,6 +455,8 @@ void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global);
 bool IsGPULevelExtreme();
 bool IsGPULevelHigh();

+bool IsFastmemEnabled();
+
 float Volume();

 std::string GetTimeZoneString();
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2020 yuzu emulator team
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include "common/thread.h"
-#include "common/thread_worker.h"
-
-namespace Common {
-
-ThreadWorker::ThreadWorker(std::size_t num_workers, const std::string& name) {
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < num_workers; ++i)
-        threads.emplace_back([this, thread_name{std::string{name}}] {
-            Common::SetCurrentThreadName(thread_name.c_str());
-
-            // Wait for first request
-            {
-                std::unique_lock lock{queue_mutex};
-                condition.wait(lock, [this] { return stop || !requests.empty(); });
-            }
-
-            while (true) {
-                std::function<void()> task;
-
-                {
-                    std::unique_lock lock{queue_mutex};
-                    condition.wait(lock, [this] { return stop || !requests.empty(); });
-                    if (stop || requests.empty()) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    task = std::move(requests.front());
-                    requests.pop();
-                }
-
-                task();
-            }
-        });
-}
-
-ThreadWorker::~ThreadWorker() {
-    {
-        std::unique_lock lock{queue_mutex};
-        stop = true;
-    }
-    condition.notify_all();
-    for (std::thread& thread : threads) {
-        thread.join();
-    }
-}
-
-void ThreadWorker::QueueWork(std::function<void()>&& work) {
-    {
-        std::unique_lock lock{queue_mutex};
-        requests.emplace(work);
-    }
-    condition.notify_one();
-}
-
-} // namespace Common
@@ -5,26 +5,113 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
 #include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <stop_token>
 #include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 #include <queue>

+#include "common/thread.h"
+#include "common/unique_function.h"
+
 namespace Common {

-class ThreadWorker final {
+template <class StateType = void>
+class StatefulThreadWorker {
+    static constexpr bool with_state = !std::is_same_v<StateType, void>;
+
+    struct DummyCallable {
+        int operator()() const noexcept {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    };
+
+    using Task =
+        std::conditional_t<with_state, UniqueFunction<void, StateType*>, UniqueFunction<void>>;
+    using StateMaker = std::conditional_t<with_state, std::function<StateType()>, DummyCallable>;
+
 public:
-    explicit ThreadWorker(std::size_t num_workers, const std::string& name);
-    ~ThreadWorker();
-    void QueueWork(std::function<void()>&& work);
+    explicit StatefulThreadWorker(size_t num_workers, std::string name, StateMaker func = {})
+        : workers_queued{num_workers}, thread_name{std::move(name)} {
+        const auto lambda = [this, func](std::stop_token stop_token) {
+            Common::SetCurrentThreadName(thread_name.c_str());
+            {
+                [[maybe_unused]] std::conditional_t<with_state, StateType, int> state{func()};
+                while (!stop_token.stop_requested()) {
+                    Task task;
+                    {
+                        std::unique_lock lock{queue_mutex};
+                        if (requests.empty()) {
+                            wait_condition.notify_all();
+                        }
+                        condition.wait(lock, stop_token, [this] { return !requests.empty(); });
+                        if (stop_token.stop_requested()) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        task = std::move(requests.front());
+                        requests.pop();
+                    }
+                    if constexpr (with_state) {
+                        task(&state);
+                    } else {
+                        task();
+                    }
+                    ++work_done;
+                }
+            }
+            ++workers_stopped;
+            wait_condition.notify_all();
+        };
+        threads.reserve(num_workers);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_workers; ++i) {
+            threads.emplace_back(lambda);
+        }
+    }
+
+    StatefulThreadWorker& operator=(const StatefulThreadWorker&) = delete;
+    StatefulThreadWorker(const StatefulThreadWorker&) = delete;
+
+    StatefulThreadWorker& operator=(StatefulThreadWorker&&) = delete;
+    StatefulThreadWorker(StatefulThreadWorker&&) = delete;
+
+    void QueueWork(Task work) {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock lock{queue_mutex};
+            requests.emplace(std::move(work));
+            ++work_scheduled;
+        }
+        condition.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    void WaitForRequests(std::stop_token stop_token = {}) {
+        std::stop_callback callback(stop_token, [this] {
+            for (auto& thread : threads) {
+                thread.request_stop();
+            }
+        });
+        std::unique_lock lock{queue_mutex};
+        wait_condition.wait(lock, [this] {
+            return workers_stopped >= workers_queued || work_done >= work_scheduled;
+        });
+    }

 private:
-    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
-    std::queue<std::function<void()>> requests;
+    std::queue<Task> requests;
    std::mutex queue_mutex;
-    std::condition_variable condition;
-    std::atomic_bool stop{};
+    std::condition_variable_any condition;
+    std::condition_variable wait_condition;
+    std::atomic<size_t> work_scheduled{};
+    std::atomic<size_t> work_done{};
+    std::atomic<size_t> workers_stopped{};
+    std::atomic<size_t> workers_queued{};
+    std::string thread_name;
+    std::vector<std::jthread> threads;
 };

+using ThreadWorker = StatefulThreadWorker<>;
+
 } // namespace Common
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2021 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Common {
+
+/// General purpose function wrapper similar to std::function.
+/// Unlike std::function, the captured values don't have to be copyable.
+/// This class can be moved but not copied.
+template <typename ResultType, typename... Args>
+class UniqueFunction {
+    class CallableBase {
+    public:
+        virtual ~CallableBase() = default;
+        virtual ResultType operator()(Args&&...) = 0;
+    };
+
+    template <typename Functor>
+    class Callable final : public CallableBase {
+    public:
+        Callable(Functor&& functor_) : functor{std::move(functor_)} {}
+        ~Callable() override = default;
+
+        ResultType operator()(Args&&... args) override {
+            return functor(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        Functor functor;
+    };
+
+public:
+    UniqueFunction() = default;
+
+    template <typename Functor>
+    UniqueFunction(Functor&& functor)
+        : callable{std::make_unique<Callable<Functor>>(std::move(functor))} {}
+
+    UniqueFunction& operator=(UniqueFunction&& rhs) noexcept = default;
+    UniqueFunction(UniqueFunction&& rhs) noexcept = default;
+
+    UniqueFunction& operator=(const UniqueFunction&) = delete;
+    UniqueFunction(const UniqueFunction&) = delete;
+
+    ResultType operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+        return (*callable)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+        return static_cast<bool>(callable);
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<CallableBase> callable;
+};
+
+} // namespace Common
@@ -6,10 +6,64 @@

 #include <fmt/format.h>

+#include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/uuid.h"

 namespace Common {

+namespace {
+
+bool IsHexDigit(char c) {
+    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F');
+}
+
+u8 HexCharToByte(char c) {
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+        return static_cast<u8>(c - '0');
+    }
+    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
+        return static_cast<u8>(c - 'a' + 10);
+    }
+    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
+        return static_cast<u8>(c - 'A' + 10);
+    }
+    ASSERT_MSG(false, "{} is not a hexadecimal digit!", c);
+    return u8{0};
+}
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+u128 HexStringToU128(std::string_view hex_string) {
+    const size_t length = hex_string.length();
+
+    // Detect "0x" prefix.
+    const bool has_0x_prefix = length > 2 && hex_string[0] == '0' && hex_string[1] == 'x';
+    const size_t offset = has_0x_prefix ? 2 : 0;
+
+    // Check length.
+    if (length > 32 + offset) {
+        ASSERT_MSG(false, "hex_string has more than 32 hexadecimal characters!");
+        return INVALID_UUID;
+    }
+
+    u64 lo = 0;
+    u64 hi = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length - offset; ++i) {
+        const char c = hex_string[length - 1 - i];
+        if (!IsHexDigit(c)) {
+            ASSERT_MSG(false, "{} is not a hexadecimal digit!", c);
+            return INVALID_UUID;
+        }
+        if (i < 16) {
+            lo |= u64{HexCharToByte(c)} << (i * 4);
+        }
+        if (i >= 16) {
+            hi |= u64{HexCharToByte(c)} << ((i - 16) * 4);
+        }
+    }
+    return u128{lo, hi};
+}
+
 UUID UUID::Generate() {
    std::random_device device;
    std::mt19937 gen(device());
@@ -18,7 +72,7 @@ UUID UUID::Generate() {
 }

 std::string UUID::Format() const {
-    return fmt::format("0x{:016X}{:016X}", uuid[1], uuid[0]);
+    return fmt::format("{:016x}{:016x}", uuid[1], uuid[0]);
 }

 std::string UUID::FormatSwitch() const {
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>

 #include "common/common_types.h"

@@ -12,20 +13,37 @@ namespace Common {

 constexpr u128 INVALID_UUID{{0, 0}};

+/**
+ * Converts a hex string to a 128-bit unsigned integer.
+ *
+ * The hex string can be formatted in lowercase or uppercase, with or without the "0x" prefix.
+ *
+ * This function will assert and return INVALID_UUID under the following conditions:
+ * - If the hex string is more than 32 characters long
+ * - If the hex string contains non-hexadecimal characters
+ *
+ * @param hex_string Hexadecimal string
+ *
+ * @returns A 128-bit unsigned integer if successfully converted, INVALID_UUID otherwise.
+ */
+[[nodiscard]] u128 HexStringToU128(std::string_view hex_string);
+
 struct UUID {
    // UUIDs which are 0 are considered invalid!
    u128 uuid;
    UUID() = default;
    constexpr explicit UUID(const u128& id) : uuid{id} {}
    constexpr explicit UUID(const u64 lo, const u64 hi) : uuid{{lo, hi}} {}
+    explicit UUID(std::string_view hex_string) {
+        uuid = HexStringToU128(hex_string);
+    }

    [[nodiscard]] constexpr explicit operator bool() const {
-        return uuid[0] != INVALID_UUID[0] && uuid[1] != INVALID_UUID[1];
+        return uuid != INVALID_UUID;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const UUID& rhs) const {
-        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Replace with uuid == rhs.uuid with C++20
-        return uuid[0] == rhs.uuid[0] && uuid[1] == rhs.uuid[1];
+        return uuid == rhs.uuid;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const UUID& rhs) const {
@@ -51,3 +69,14 @@ struct UUID {
 static_assert(sizeof(UUID) == 16, "UUID is an invalid size!");

 } // namespace Common
+
+namespace std {
+
+template <>
+struct hash<Common::UUID> {
+    size_t operator()(const Common::UUID& uuid) const noexcept {
+        return uuid.uuid[1] ^ uuid.uuid[0];
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace std
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    frontend/input.h
    hardware_interrupt_manager.cpp
    hardware_interrupt_manager.h
+    hle/api_version.h
    hle/ipc.h
    hle/ipc_helpers.h
    hle/kernel/board/nintendo/nx/k_system_control.cpp
@@ -271,22 +272,22 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/am/applet_ae.h
    hle/service/am/applet_oe.cpp
    hle/service/am/applet_oe.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_controller.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_controller.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_error.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_error.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_general_backend.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_general_backend.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_profile_select.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_profile_select.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_software_keyboard.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_software_keyboard.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_software_keyboard_types.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser_types.h
    hle/service/am/applets/applets.cpp
    hle/service/am/applets/applets.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/controller.cpp
-    hle/service/am/applets/controller.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/error.cpp
-    hle/service/am/applets/error.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/general_backend.cpp
-    hle/service/am/applets/general_backend.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/profile_select.cpp
-    hle/service/am/applets/profile_select.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/software_keyboard.cpp
-    hle/service/am/applets/software_keyboard.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/software_keyboard_types.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/web_browser.cpp
-    hle/service/am/applets/web_browser.h
-    hle/service/am/applets/web_types.h
    hle/service/am/idle.cpp
    hle/service/am/idle.h
    hle/service/am/omm.cpp
@@ -299,10 +300,10 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/aoc/aoc_u.h
    hle/service/apm/apm.cpp
    hle/service/apm/apm.h
-    hle/service/apm/controller.cpp
-    hle/service/apm/controller.h
-    hle/service/apm/interface.cpp
-    hle/service/apm/interface.h
+    hle/service/apm/apm_controller.cpp
+    hle/service/apm/apm_controller.h
+    hle/service/apm/apm_interface.cpp
+    hle/service/apm/apm_interface.h
    hle/service/audio/audctl.cpp
    hle/service/audio/audctl.h
    hle/service/audio/auddbg.cpp
@@ -334,8 +335,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/bcat/backend/backend.h
    hle/service/bcat/bcat.cpp
    hle/service/bcat/bcat.h
-    hle/service/bcat/module.cpp
-    hle/service/bcat/module.h
+    hle/service/bcat/bcat_module.cpp
+    hle/service/bcat/bcat_module.h
    hle/service/bpc/bpc.cpp
    hle/service/bpc/bpc.h
    hle/service/btdrv/btdrv.cpp
@@ -381,8 +382,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/friend/errors.h
    hle/service/friend/friend.cpp
    hle/service/friend/friend.h
-    hle/service/friend/interface.cpp
-    hle/service/friend/interface.h
+    hle/service/friend/friend_interface.cpp
+    hle/service/friend/friend_interface.h
    hle/service/glue/arp.cpp
    hle/service/glue/arp.h
    hle/service/glue/bgtc.cpp
@@ -392,8 +393,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/glue/errors.h
    hle/service/glue/glue.cpp
    hle/service/glue/glue.h
-    hle/service/glue/manager.cpp
-    hle/service/glue/manager.h
+    hle/service/glue/glue_manager.cpp
+    hle/service/glue/glue_manager.h
    hle/service/grc/grc.cpp
    hle/service/grc/grc.h
    hle/service/hid/hid.cpp
@@ -434,10 +435,10 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/lm/lm.h
    hle/service/mig/mig.cpp
    hle/service/mig/mig.h
-    hle/service/mii/manager.cpp
-    hle/service/mii/manager.h
    hle/service/mii/mii.cpp
    hle/service/mii/mii.h
+    hle/service/mii/mii_manager.cpp
+    hle/service/mii/mii_manager.h
    hle/service/mii/raw_data.cpp
    hle/service/mii/raw_data.h
    hle/service/mii/types.h
@@ -485,11 +486,11 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_vic.h
    hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
    hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h
-    hle/service/nvdrv/interface.cpp
-    hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h
    hle/service/nvdrv/nvdata.h
    hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
    hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h
+    hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_interface.cpp
+    hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_interface.h
    hle/service/nvdrv/nvmemp.cpp
    hle/service/nvdrv/nvmemp.h
    hle/service/nvdrv/syncpoint_manager.cpp
@@ -502,10 +503,10 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/olsc/olsc.h
    hle/service/pcie/pcie.cpp
    hle/service/pcie/pcie.h
-    hle/service/pctl/module.cpp
-    hle/service/pctl/module.h
    hle/service/pctl/pctl.cpp
    hle/service/pctl/pctl.h
+    hle/service/pctl/pctl_module.cpp
+    hle/service/pctl/pctl_module.h
    hle/service/pcv/pcv.cpp
    hle/service/pcv/pcv.h
    hle/service/pm/pm.cpp
@@ -516,6 +517,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/psc/psc.h
    hle/service/ptm/psm.cpp
    hle/service/ptm/psm.h
+    hle/service/kernel_helpers.cpp
+    hle/service/kernel_helpers.h
    hle/service/service.cpp
    hle/service/service.h
    hle/service/set/set.cpp
@@ -528,10 +531,10 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/set/set_sys.h
    hle/service/set/settings.cpp
    hle/service/set/settings.h
-    hle/service/sm/controller.cpp
-    hle/service/sm/controller.h
    hle/service/sm/sm.cpp
    hle/service/sm/sm.h
+    hle/service/sm/sm_controller.cpp
+    hle/service/sm/sm_controller.h
    hle/service/sockets/bsd.cpp
    hle/service/sockets/bsd.h
    hle/service/sockets/ethc.cpp
@@ -546,18 +549,18 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/sockets/sockets_translate.h
    hle/service/spl/csrng.cpp
    hle/service/spl/csrng.h
-    hle/service/spl/module.cpp
-    hle/service/spl/module.h
    hle/service/spl/spl.cpp
    hle/service/spl/spl.h
+    hle/service/spl/spl_module.cpp
+    hle/service/spl/spl_module.h
+    hle/service/spl/spl_results.h
+    hle/service/spl/spl_types.h
    hle/service/ssl/ssl.cpp
    hle/service/ssl/ssl.h
    hle/service/time/clock_types.h
    hle/service/time/ephemeral_network_system_clock_context_writer.h
    hle/service/time/ephemeral_network_system_clock_core.h
    hle/service/time/errors.h
-    hle/service/time/interface.cpp
-    hle/service/time/interface.h
    hle/service/time/local_system_clock_context_writer.h
    hle/service/time/network_system_clock_context_writer.h
    hle/service/time/standard_local_system_clock_core.h
@@ -575,6 +578,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    hle/service/time/tick_based_steady_clock_core.h
    hle/service/time/time.cpp
    hle/service/time/time.h
+    hle/service/time/time_interface.cpp
+    hle/service/time/time_interface.h
    hle/service/time/time_manager.cpp
    hle/service/time/time_manager.h
    hle/service/time/time_sharedmemory.cpp
@@ -651,24 +656,19 @@ endif()

 if (MSVC)
    target_compile_options(core PRIVATE
-        /we4018 # 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
-        /we4244 # 'argument' : conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data (floating-point)
-        /we4245 # 'conversion' : conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', signed/unsigned mismatch
+        /we4242 # 'identifier': conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+        /we4244 # 'conversion': conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+        /we4245 # 'conversion': conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', signed/unsigned mismatch
        /we4254 # 'operator': conversion from 'type1:field_bits' to 'type2:field_bits', possible loss of data
-        /we4267 # 'var' : conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
-        /we4305 # 'context' : truncation from 'type1' to 'type2'
        /we4456 # Declaration of 'identifier' hides previous local declaration
        /we4457 # Declaration of 'identifier' hides function parameter
        /we4458 # Declaration of 'identifier' hides class member
        /we4459 # Declaration of 'identifier' hides global declaration
-        /we4715 # 'function' : not all control paths return a value
    )
 else()
    target_compile_options(core PRIVATE
        -Werror=conversion
        -Werror=ignored-qualifiers
-        -Werror=implicit-fallthrough
-        -Werror=sign-compare
        -Werror=shadow

        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Werror=class-memaccess>
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <dynarmic/interface/A32/config.h>
 #include <dynarmic/interface/A32/context.h>
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/literals.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/page_table.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@

 namespace Core {

+using namespace Common::Literals;
+
 class DynarmicCallbacks32 : public Dynarmic::A32::UserCallbacks {
 public:
    explicit DynarmicCallbacks32(ARM_Dynarmic_32& parent_)
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A32::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_32::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
    if (page_table) {
        config.page_table = reinterpret_cast<std::array<std::uint8_t*, NUM_PAGE_TABLE_ENTRIES>*>(
            page_table->pointers.data());
+        config.fastmem_pointer = page_table->fastmem_arena;
    }
    config.absolute_offset_page_table = true;
    config.page_table_pointer_mask_bits = Common::PageTable::ATTRIBUTE_BITS;
@@ -142,11 +146,11 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A32::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_32::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
    config.wall_clock_cntpct = uses_wall_clock;

    // Code cache size
-    config.code_cache_size = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
-    config.far_code_offset = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+    config.code_cache_size = 512_MiB;
+    config.far_code_offset = 400_MiB;

    // Safe optimizations
-    if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::DebugMode) {
+    if (Settings::values.cpu_debug_mode) {
        if (!Settings::values.cpuopt_page_tables) {
            config.page_table = nullptr;
        }
@@ -171,22 +175,36 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A32::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_32::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
        if (!Settings::values.cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks) {
            config.only_detect_misalignment_via_page_table_on_page_boundary = false;
        }
+        if (!Settings::values.cpuopt_fastmem) {
+            config.fastmem_pointer = nullptr;
+        }
    }

    // Unsafe optimizations
    if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Unsafe) {
        config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
-        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma.GetValue()) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma) {
            config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
        }
-        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error.GetValue()) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error) {
            config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_ReducedErrorFP;
        }
-        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan.GetValue()) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr) {
+            config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_IgnoreStandardFPCRValue;
+        }
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan) {
            config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_InaccurateNaN;
        }
    }

+    // Curated optimizations
+    if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Auto) {
+        config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
+        config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
+        config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_IgnoreStandardFPCRValue;
+        config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_InaccurateNaN;
+    }
+
    return std::make_unique<Dynarmic::A32::Jit>(config);
 }

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <dynarmic/interface/A64/a64.h>
 #include <dynarmic/interface/A64/config.h>
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/literals.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/page_table.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
 namespace Core {

 using Vector = Dynarmic::A64::Vector;
+using namespace Common::Literals;

 class DynarmicCallbacks64 : public Dynarmic::A64::UserCallbacks {
 public:
@@ -160,6 +162,10 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A64::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_64::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
        config.absolute_offset_page_table = true;
        config.detect_misaligned_access_via_page_table = 16 | 32 | 64 | 128;
        config.only_detect_misalignment_via_page_table_on_page_boundary = true;
+
+        config.fastmem_pointer = page_table->fastmem_arena;
+        config.fastmem_address_space_bits = address_space_bits;
+        config.silently_mirror_fastmem = false;
    }

    // Multi-process state
@@ -180,11 +186,11 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A64::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_64::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
    config.wall_clock_cntpct = uses_wall_clock;

    // Code cache size
-    config.code_cache_size = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
-    config.far_code_offset = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+    config.code_cache_size = 512_MiB;
+    config.far_code_offset = 400_MiB;

    // Safe optimizations
-    if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::DebugMode) {
+    if (Settings::values.cpu_debug_mode) {
        if (!Settings::values.cpuopt_page_tables) {
            config.page_table = nullptr;
        }
@@ -209,20 +215,34 @@ std::shared_ptr<Dynarmic::A64::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic_64::MakeJit(Common::PageTable*
        if (!Settings::values.cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks) {
            config.only_detect_misalignment_via_page_table_on_page_boundary = false;
        }
+        if (!Settings::values.cpuopt_fastmem) {
+            config.fastmem_pointer = nullptr;
+        }
    }

    // Unsafe optimizations
    if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Unsafe) {
        config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
-        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma.GetValue()) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma) {
            config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
        }
-        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error.GetValue()) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error) {
            config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_ReducedErrorFP;
        }
-        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan.GetValue()) {
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan) {
            config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_InaccurateNaN;
        }
+        if (Settings::values.cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check) {
+            config.fastmem_address_space_bits = 64;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Curated optimizations
+    if (Settings::values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue() == Settings::CPUAccuracy::Auto) {
+        config.unsafe_optimizations = true;
+        config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_UnfuseFMA;
+        config.optimizations |= Dynarmic::OptimizationFlag::Unsafe_InaccurateNaN;
+        config.fastmem_address_space_bits = 64;
    }

    return std::make_shared<Dynarmic::A64::Jit>(config);
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.

 #include <array>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
 #include <utility>

@@ -34,9 +35,9 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/physical_core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applets.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/apm/controller.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/apm/apm_controller.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/glue/manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/glue/glue_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/hid/hid.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
@@ -215,9 +216,9 @@ struct System::Impl {
    }

    ResultStatus Load(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath,
-                      std::size_t program_index) {
+                      u64 program_id, std::size_t program_index) {
        app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath),
-                                       program_index);
+                                       program_id, program_index);

        if (!app_loader) {
            LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to obtain loader for {}!", filepath);
@@ -262,17 +263,16 @@ struct System::Impl {
        if (Settings::values.gamecard_inserted) {
            if (Settings::values.gamecard_current_game) {
                fs_controller.SetGameCard(GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath));
-            } else if (!Settings::values.gamecard_path.empty()) {
-                fs_controller.SetGameCard(
-                    GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, Settings::values.gamecard_path));
+            } else if (!Settings::values.gamecard_path.GetValue().empty()) {
+                const auto gamecard_path = Settings::values.gamecard_path.GetValue();
+                fs_controller.SetGameCard(GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, gamecard_path));
            }
        }

-        u64 title_id{0};
-        if (app_loader->ReadProgramId(title_id) != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        if (app_loader->ReadProgramId(program_id) != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
            LOG_ERROR(Core, "Failed to find title id for ROM (Error {})", load_result);
        }
-        perf_stats = std::make_unique<PerfStats>(title_id);
+        perf_stats = std::make_unique<PerfStats>(program_id);
        // Reset counters and set time origin to current frame
        GetAndResetPerfStats();
        perf_stats->BeginSystemFrame();
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
    std::unique_ptr<Core::DeviceMemory> device_memory;
    Core::Memory::Memory memory;
    CpuManager cpu_manager;
-    bool is_powered_on = false;
+    std::atomic_bool is_powered_on{};
    bool exit_lock = false;

    Reporter reporter;
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
    std::string status_details = "";

    std::unique_ptr<Core::PerfStats> perf_stats;
-    Core::FrameLimiter frame_limiter;
+    Core::SpeedLimiter speed_limiter;

    bool is_multicore{};
    bool is_async_gpu{};
@@ -458,12 +458,12 @@ void System::Shutdown() {
 }

 System::ResultStatus System::Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath,
-                                  std::size_t program_index) {
-    return impl->Load(*this, emu_window, filepath, program_index);
+                                  u64 program_id, std::size_t program_index) {
+    return impl->Load(*this, emu_window, filepath, program_id, program_index);
 }

 bool System::IsPoweredOn() const {
-    return impl->is_powered_on;
+    return impl->is_powered_on.load(std::memory_order::relaxed);
 }

 void System::PrepareReschedule() {
@@ -606,12 +606,12 @@ const Core::PerfStats& System::GetPerfStats() const {
    return *impl->perf_stats;
 }

-Core::FrameLimiter& System::FrameLimiter() {
-    return impl->frame_limiter;
+Core::SpeedLimiter& System::SpeedLimiter() {
+    return impl->speed_limiter;
 }

-const Core::FrameLimiter& System::FrameLimiter() const {
-    return impl->frame_limiter;
+const Core::SpeedLimiter& System::SpeedLimiter() const {
+    return impl->speed_limiter;
 }

 Loader::ResultStatus System::GetGameName(std::string& out) const {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ARM_Interface;
 class CpuManager;
 class DeviceMemory;
 class ExclusiveMonitor;
-class FrameLimiter;
+class SpeedLimiter;
 class PerfStats;
 class Reporter;
 class TelemetrySession;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public:
     * @returns ResultStatus code, indicating if the operation succeeded.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] ResultStatus Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath,
-                                    std::size_t program_index = 0);
+                                    u64 program_id = 0, std::size_t program_index = 0);

    /**
     * Indicates if the emulated system is powered on (all subsystems initialized and able to run an
@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@ public:
    /// Provides a constant reference to the internal PerfStats instance.
    [[nodiscard]] const Core::PerfStats& GetPerfStats() const;

-    /// Provides a reference to the frame limiter;
-    [[nodiscard]] Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter();
+    /// Provides a reference to the speed limiter;
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::SpeedLimiter& SpeedLimiter();

-    /// Provides a constant referent to the frame limiter
-    [[nodiscard]] const Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter() const;
+    /// Provides a constant reference to the speed limiter
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::SpeedLimiter& SpeedLimiter() const;

    /// Gets the name of the current game
    [[nodiscard]] Loader::ResultStatus GetGameName(std::string& out) const;
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ void KeyManager::SetKey(S128KeyType id, Key128 key, u64 field1, u64 field2) {
            "key_area_key_ocean_{:02X}",
            "key_area_key_system_{:02X}",
        };
-        WriteKeyToFile(category, fmt::format(kak_names.at(field2), field1), key);
+        WriteKeyToFile(category, fmt::format(fmt::runtime(kak_names.at(field2)), field1), key);
    } else if (id == S128KeyType::Master) {
        WriteKeyToFile(category, fmt::format("master_key_{:02X}", field1), key);
    } else if (id == S128KeyType::Package1) {
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

 namespace Core {

-DeviceMemory::DeviceMemory() : buffer{DramMemoryMap::Size} {}
+DeviceMemory::DeviceMemory() : buffer{DramMemoryMap::Size, 1ULL << 39} {}
 DeviceMemory::~DeviceMemory() = default;

 } // namespace Core
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once

 #include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "common/virtual_buffer.h"
+#include "common/host_memory.h"

 namespace Core {

@@ -21,27 +21,30 @@ enum : u64 {
 };
 }; // namespace DramMemoryMap

-class DeviceMemory : NonCopyable {
+class DeviceMemory {
 public:
    explicit DeviceMemory();
    ~DeviceMemory();

+    DeviceMemory& operator=(const DeviceMemory&) = delete;
+    DeviceMemory(const DeviceMemory&) = delete;
+
    template <typename T>
    PAddr GetPhysicalAddr(const T* ptr) const {
-        return (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer.data())) +
+        return (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr) -
+                reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer.BackingBasePointer())) +
               DramMemoryMap::Base;
    }

    u8* GetPointer(PAddr addr) {
-        return buffer.data() + (addr - DramMemoryMap::Base);
+        return buffer.BackingBasePointer() + (addr - DramMemoryMap::Base);
    }

    const u8* GetPointer(PAddr addr) const {
-        return buffer.data() + (addr - DramMemoryMap::Base);
+        return buffer.BackingBasePointer() + (addr - DramMemoryMap::Base);
    }

-private:
-    Common::VirtualBuffer<u8> buffer;
+    Common::HostMemory buffer;
 };

 } // namespace Core
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ constexpr std::array partition_names{
    "logo",
 };

-XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_, std::size_t program_index)
+XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_, u64 program_id, size_t program_index)
    : file(std::move(file_)), program_nca_status{Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorXCIMissingProgramNCA},
      partitions(partition_names.size()),
      partitions_raw(partition_names.size()), keys{Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance()} {
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_, std::size_t program_index)

    secure_partition = std::make_shared<NSP>(
        main_hfs.GetFile(partition_names[static_cast<std::size_t>(XCIPartition::Secure)]),
-        program_index);
+        program_id, program_index);

    ncas = secure_partition->GetNCAsCollapsed();
    program =
        secure_partition->GetNCA(secure_partition->GetProgramTitleID(), ContentRecordType::Program);
-    program_nca_status = secure_partition->GetProgramStatus(secure_partition->GetProgramTitleID());
+    program_nca_status = secure_partition->GetProgramStatus();
    if (program_nca_status == Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNSPMissingProgramNCA) {
        program_nca_status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorXCIMissingProgramNCA;
    }
@@ -174,6 +174,10 @@ u64 XCI::GetProgramTitleID() const {
    return secure_partition->GetProgramTitleID();
 }

+std::vector<u64> XCI::GetProgramTitleIDs() const {
+    return secure_partition->GetProgramTitleIDs();
+}
+
 u32 XCI::GetSystemUpdateVersion() {
    const auto update = GetPartition(XCIPartition::Update);
    if (update == nullptr) {
@@ -229,9 +233,11 @@ const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<NCA>>& XCI::GetNCAs() const {
 }

 std::shared_ptr<NCA> XCI::GetNCAByType(NCAContentType type) const {
-    const auto iter =
-        std::find_if(ncas.begin(), ncas.end(),
-                     [type](const std::shared_ptr<NCA>& nca) { return nca->GetType() == type; });
+    const auto program_id = secure_partition->GetProgramTitleID();
+    const auto iter = std::find_if(
+        ncas.begin(), ncas.end(), [this, type, program_id](const std::shared_ptr<NCA>& nca) {
+            return nca->GetType() == type && nca->GetTitleId() == program_id;
+        });
    return iter == ncas.end() ? nullptr : *iter;
 }

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ enum class XCIPartition : u8 { Update, Normal, Secure, Logo };

 class XCI : public ReadOnlyVfsDirectory {
 public:
-    explicit XCI(VirtualFile file, std::size_t program_index = 0);
+    explicit XCI(VirtualFile file, u64 program_id = 0, size_t program_index = 0);
    ~XCI() override;

    Loader::ResultStatus GetStatus() const;
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ public:
    VirtualFile GetLogoPartitionRaw() const;

    u64 GetProgramTitleID() const;
+    std::vector<u64> GetProgramTitleIDs() const;
    u32 GetSystemUpdateVersion();
    u64 GetSystemUpdateTitleID() const;

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <optional>
-#include <ranges>
 #include <utility>

 #include "common/logging/log.h"
@@ -345,8 +345,10 @@ std::vector<Core::Memory::CheatEntry> PatchManager::CreateCheatList(
 static void ApplyLayeredFS(VirtualFile& romfs, u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type,
                           const Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& fs_controller) {
    const auto load_dir = fs_controller.GetModificationLoadRoot(title_id);
+    const auto sdmc_load_dir = fs_controller.GetSDMCModificationLoadRoot(title_id);
    if ((type != ContentRecordType::Program && type != ContentRecordType::Data) ||
-        load_dir == nullptr || load_dir->GetSize() <= 0) {
+        ((load_dir == nullptr || load_dir->GetSize() <= 0) &&
+         (sdmc_load_dir == nullptr || sdmc_load_dir->GetSize() <= 0))) {
        return;
    }

@@ -356,7 +358,10 @@ static void ApplyLayeredFS(VirtualFile& romfs, u64 title_id, ContentRecordType t
    }

    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[title_id];
-    auto patch_dirs = load_dir->GetSubdirectories();
+    std::vector<VirtualDir> patch_dirs = load_dir->GetSubdirectories();
+    if (std::find(disabled.cbegin(), disabled.cend(), "SDMC") == disabled.cend()) {
+        patch_dirs.push_back(sdmc_load_dir);
+    }
    std::sort(patch_dirs.begin(), patch_dirs.end(),
              [](const VirtualDir& l, const VirtualDir& r) { return l->GetName() < r->GetName(); });

@@ -402,7 +407,7 @@ static void ApplyLayeredFS(VirtualFile& romfs, u64 title_id, ContentRecordType t
 }

 VirtualFile PatchManager::PatchRomFS(VirtualFile romfs, u64 ivfc_offset, ContentRecordType type,
-                                     VirtualFile update_raw) const {
+                                     VirtualFile update_raw, bool apply_layeredfs) const {
    const auto log_string = fmt::format("Patching RomFS for title_id={:016X}, type={:02X}",
                                        title_id, static_cast<u8>(type));

@@ -442,7 +447,9 @@ VirtualFile PatchManager::PatchRomFS(VirtualFile romfs, u64 ivfc_offset, Content
    }

    // LayeredFS
-    ApplyLayeredFS(romfs, title_id, type, fs_controller);
+    if (apply_layeredfs) {
+        ApplyLayeredFS(romfs, title_id, type, fs_controller);
+    }

    return romfs;
 }
@@ -524,6 +531,15 @@ PatchManager::PatchVersionNames PatchManager::GetPatchVersionNames(VirtualFile u
        }
    }

+    // SDMC mod directory (RomFS LayeredFS)
+    const auto sdmc_mod_dir = fs_controller.GetSDMCModificationLoadRoot(title_id);
+    if (sdmc_mod_dir != nullptr && sdmc_mod_dir->GetSize() > 0 &&
+        IsDirValidAndNonEmpty(FindSubdirectoryCaseless(sdmc_mod_dir, "romfs"))) {
+        const auto mod_disabled =
+            std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), "SDMC") != disabled.end();
+        out.insert_or_assign(mod_disabled ? "[D] SDMC" : "SDMC", "LayeredFS");
+    }
+
    // DLC
    const auto dlc_entries =
        content_provider.ListEntriesFilter(TitleType::AOC, ContentRecordType::Data);
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ public:
    // - LayeredFS
    [[nodiscard]] VirtualFile PatchRomFS(VirtualFile base, u64 ivfc_offset,
                                         ContentRecordType type = ContentRecordType::Program,
-                                         VirtualFile update_raw = nullptr) const;
+                                         VirtualFile update_raw = nullptr,
+                                         bool apply_layeredfs = true) const;

    // Returns a vector of pairs between patch names and patch versions.
    // i.e. Update 3.2.2 will return {"Update", "3.2.2"}
@@ -150,7 +150,9 @@ void ProgramMetadata::Print() const {
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, " > Is Retail:           {}", acid_header.is_retail ? "YES" : "NO");
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Title ID Min:           0x{:016X}", acid_header.title_id_min);
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Title ID Max:           0x{:016X}", acid_header.title_id_max);
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Filesystem Access:      0x{:016X}\n", acid_file_access.permissions);
+    u64_le permissions_l; // local copy to fix alignment error
+    std::memcpy(&permissions_l, &acid_file_access.permissions, sizeof(permissions_l));
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Filesystem Access:      0x{:016X}\n", permissions_l);

    // Begin ACI0 printing (actual perms, unsigned)
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Magic:                  {:.4}", aci_header.magic.data());
@@ -58,14 +58,17 @@ static bool FollowsNcaIdFormat(std::string_view name) {

 static std::string GetRelativePathFromNcaID(const std::array<u8, 16>& nca_id, bool second_hex_upper,
                                            bool within_two_digit, bool cnmt_suffix) {
-    if (!within_two_digit)
-        return fmt::format(cnmt_suffix ? "{}.cnmt.nca" : "/{}.nca",
-                           Common::HexToString(nca_id, second_hex_upper));
+    if (!within_two_digit) {
+        const auto format_str = fmt::runtime(cnmt_suffix ? "{}.cnmt.nca" : "/{}.nca");
+        return fmt::format(format_str, Common::HexToString(nca_id, second_hex_upper));
+    }

    Core::Crypto::SHA256Hash hash{};
    mbedtls_sha256_ret(nca_id.data(), nca_id.size(), hash.data(), 0);
-    return fmt::format(cnmt_suffix ? "/000000{:02X}/{}.cnmt.nca" : "/000000{:02X}/{}.nca", hash[0],
-                       Common::HexToString(nca_id, second_hex_upper));
+
+    const auto format_str =
+        fmt::runtime(cnmt_suffix ? "/000000{:02X}/{}.cnmt.nca" : "/000000{:02X}/{}.nca");
+    return fmt::format(format_str, hash[0], Common::HexToString(nca_id, second_hex_upper));
 }

 static std::string GetCNMTName(TitleType type, u64 title_id) {
@@ -12,23 +12,32 @@ namespace FileSys {

 constexpr u64 SDMC_TOTAL_SIZE = 0x10000000000; // 1 TiB

-SDMCFactory::SDMCFactory(VirtualDir dir_)
-    : dir(std::move(dir_)), contents(std::make_unique<RegisteredCache>(
-                                GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(dir, "/Nintendo/Contents/registered"),
-                                [](const VirtualFile& file, const NcaID& id) {
-                                    return NAX{file, id}.GetDecrypted();
-                                })),
+SDMCFactory::SDMCFactory(VirtualDir sd_dir_, VirtualDir sd_mod_dir_)
+    : sd_dir(std::move(sd_dir_)), sd_mod_dir(std::move(sd_mod_dir_)),
+      contents(std::make_unique<RegisteredCache>(
+          GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(sd_dir, "/Nintendo/Contents/registered"),
+          [](const VirtualFile& file, const NcaID& id) {
+              return NAX{file, id}.GetDecrypted();
+          })),
      placeholder(std::make_unique<PlaceholderCache>(
-          GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(dir, "/Nintendo/Contents/placehld"))) {}
+          GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(sd_dir, "/Nintendo/Contents/placehld"))) {}

 SDMCFactory::~SDMCFactory() = default;

 ResultVal<VirtualDir> SDMCFactory::Open() const {
-    return MakeResult<VirtualDir>(dir);
+    return MakeResult<VirtualDir>(sd_dir);
+}
+
+VirtualDir SDMCFactory::GetSDMCModificationLoadRoot(u64 title_id) const {
+    // LayeredFS doesn't work on updates and title id-less homebrew
+    if (title_id == 0 || (title_id & 0xFFF) == 0x800) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(sd_mod_dir, fmt::format("/{:016X}", title_id));
 }

 VirtualDir SDMCFactory::GetSDMCContentDirectory() const {
-    return GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(dir, "/Nintendo/Contents");
+    return GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(sd_dir, "/Nintendo/Contents");
 }

 RegisteredCache* SDMCFactory::GetSDMCContents() const {
@@ -40,11 +49,11 @@ PlaceholderCache* SDMCFactory::GetSDMCPlaceholder() const {
 }

 VirtualDir SDMCFactory::GetImageDirectory() const {
-    return GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(dir, "/Nintendo/Album");
+    return GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(sd_dir, "/Nintendo/Album");
 }

 u64 SDMCFactory::GetSDMCFreeSpace() const {
-    return GetSDMCTotalSpace() - dir->GetSize();
+    return GetSDMCTotalSpace() - sd_dir->GetSize();
 }

 u64 SDMCFactory::GetSDMCTotalSpace() const {
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ class PlaceholderCache;
 /// File system interface to the SDCard archive
 class SDMCFactory {
 public:
-    explicit SDMCFactory(VirtualDir dir);
+    explicit SDMCFactory(VirtualDir sd_dir_, VirtualDir sd_mod_dir_);
    ~SDMCFactory();

    ResultVal<VirtualDir> Open() const;

+    VirtualDir GetSDMCModificationLoadRoot(u64 title_id) const;
    VirtualDir GetSDMCContentDirectory() const;

    RegisteredCache* GetSDMCContents() const;
@@ -32,7 +33,8 @@ public:
    u64 GetSDMCTotalSpace() const;

 private:
-    VirtualDir dir;
+    VirtualDir sd_dir;
+    VirtualDir sd_mod_dir;

    std::unique_ptr<RegisteredCache> contents;
    std::unique_ptr<PlaceholderCache> placeholder;
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@

 namespace FileSys {

-NSP::NSP(VirtualFile file_, std::size_t program_index_)
-    : file(std::move(file_)), program_index(program_index_), status{Loader::ResultStatus::Success},
+NSP::NSP(VirtualFile file_, u64 title_id_, std::size_t program_index_)
+    : file(std::move(file_)), expected_program_id(title_id_),
+      program_index(program_index_), status{Loader::ResultStatus::Success},
      pfs(std::make_shared<PartitionFilesystem>(file)), keys{Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance()} {
    if (pfs->GetStatus() != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
        status = pfs->GetStatus();
@@ -46,60 +47,59 @@ Loader::ResultStatus NSP::GetStatus() const {
    return status;
 }

-Loader::ResultStatus NSP::GetProgramStatus(u64 title_id) const {
+Loader::ResultStatus NSP::GetProgramStatus() const {
    if (IsExtractedType() && GetExeFS() != nullptr && FileSys::IsDirectoryExeFS(GetExeFS())) {
        return Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
    }

-    const auto iter = program_status.find(title_id);
+    const auto iter = program_status.find(GetProgramTitleID());
    if (iter == program_status.end())
        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNSPMissingProgramNCA;
    return iter->second;
 }

-u64 NSP::GetFirstTitleID() const {
-    if (IsExtractedType()) {
-        return GetProgramTitleID();
-    }
-
-    if (program_status.empty())
-        return 0;
-    return program_status.begin()->first;
-}
-
 u64 NSP::GetProgramTitleID() const {
    if (IsExtractedType()) {
-        if (GetExeFS() == nullptr || !IsDirectoryExeFS(GetExeFS())) {
-            return 0;
-        }
+        return GetExtractedTitleID() + program_index;
+    }

-        ProgramMetadata meta;
-        if (meta.Load(GetExeFS()->GetFile("main.npdm")) == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
-            return meta.GetTitleID();
-        } else {
-            return 0;
+    auto program_id = expected_program_id;
+    if (program_id == 0) {
+        if (!program_status.empty()) {
+            program_id = program_status.begin()->first;
        }
    }

-    const auto out = GetFirstTitleID();
-    if ((out & 0x800) == 0)
-        return out;
+    program_id = program_id + program_index;
+    if (program_status.find(program_id) != program_status.end()) {
+        return program_id;
+    }

-    const auto ids = GetTitleIDs();
+    const auto ids = GetProgramTitleIDs();
    const auto iter =
        std::find_if(ids.begin(), ids.end(), [](u64 tid) { return (tid & 0x800) == 0; });
-    return iter == ids.end() ? out : *iter;
+    return iter == ids.end() ? 0 : *iter;
 }

-std::vector<u64> NSP::GetTitleIDs() const {
-    if (IsExtractedType()) {
-        return {GetProgramTitleID()};
+u64 NSP::GetExtractedTitleID() const {
+    if (GetExeFS() == nullptr || !IsDirectoryExeFS(GetExeFS())) {
+        return 0;
    }

-    std::vector<u64> out;
-    out.reserve(ncas.size());
-    for (const auto& kv : ncas)
-        out.push_back(kv.first);
+    ProgramMetadata meta;
+    if (meta.Load(GetExeFS()->GetFile("main.npdm")) == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        return meta.GetTitleID();
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<u64> NSP::GetProgramTitleIDs() const {
+    if (IsExtractedType()) {
+        return {GetExtractedTitleID()};
+    }
+
+    std::vector<u64> out{program_ids.cbegin(), program_ids.cend()};
    return out;
 }

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<NCA> NSP::GetNCA(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type, TitleType
    if (extracted)
        LOG_WARNING(Service_FS, "called on an NSP that is of type extracted.");

-    const auto title_id_iter = ncas.find(title_id + program_index);
+    const auto title_id_iter = ncas.find(title_id);
    if (title_id_iter == ncas.end())
        return nullptr;

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<NCA> NSP::GetNCA(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type, TitleType
 VirtualFile NSP::GetNCAFile(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type, TitleType title_type) const {
    if (extracted)
        LOG_WARNING(Service_FS, "called on an NSP that is of type extracted.");
-    const auto nca = GetNCA(title_id, type);
+    const auto nca = GetNCA(title_id, type, title_type);
    if (nca != nullptr)
        return nca->GetBaseFile();
    return nullptr;
@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@ void NSP::ReadNCAs(const std::vector<VirtualFile>& files) {

                if (next_nca->GetType() == NCAContentType::Program) {
                    program_status[next_nca->GetTitleId()] = next_nca->GetStatus();
+                    program_ids.insert(next_nca->GetTitleId() & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000);
                }

                if (next_nca->GetStatus() != Loader::ResultStatus::Success &&
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@

 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <set>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
@@ -27,15 +28,15 @@ enum class ContentRecordType : u8;

 class NSP : public ReadOnlyVfsDirectory {
 public:
-    explicit NSP(VirtualFile file_, std::size_t program_index_ = 0);
+    explicit NSP(VirtualFile file_, u64 title_id = 0, std::size_t program_index_ = 0);
    ~NSP() override;

    Loader::ResultStatus GetStatus() const;
-    Loader::ResultStatus GetProgramStatus(u64 title_id) const;
+    Loader::ResultStatus GetProgramStatus() const;
    // Should only be used when one title id can be assured.
-    u64 GetFirstTitleID() const;
    u64 GetProgramTitleID() const;
-    std::vector<u64> GetTitleIDs() const;
+    u64 GetExtractedTitleID() const;
+    std::vector<u64> GetProgramTitleIDs() const;

    bool IsExtractedType() const;

@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ private:

    VirtualFile file;

+    const u64 expected_program_id;
    const std::size_t program_index;

    bool extracted = false;
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ private:
    std::shared_ptr<PartitionFilesystem> pfs;
    // Map title id -> {map type -> NCA}
    std::map<u64, std::map<std::pair<TitleType, ContentRecordType>, std::shared_ptr<NCA>>> ncas;
+    std::set<u64> program_ids;
    std::vector<VirtualFile> ticket_files;

    Core::Crypto::KeyManager& keys;
@@ -4,47 +4,29 @@

 #include "core/file_sys/system_archive/system_version.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h"
+#include "core/hle/api_version.h"

 namespace FileSys::SystemArchive {

-namespace SystemVersionData {
-
-// This section should reflect the best system version to describe yuzu's HLE api.
-// TODO(DarkLordZach): Update when HLE gets better.
-
-constexpr u8 VERSION_MAJOR = 11;
-constexpr u8 VERSION_MINOR = 0;
-constexpr u8 VERSION_MICRO = 1;
-
-constexpr u8 REVISION_MAJOR = 1;
-constexpr u8 REVISION_MINOR = 0;
-
-constexpr char PLATFORM_STRING[] = "NX";
-constexpr char VERSION_HASH[] = "69103fcb2004dace877094c2f8c29e6113be5dbf";
-constexpr char DISPLAY_VERSION[] = "11.0.1";
-constexpr char DISPLAY_TITLE[] = "NintendoSDK Firmware for NX 11.0.1-1.0";
-
-} // namespace SystemVersionData
-
 std::string GetLongDisplayVersion() {
-    return SystemVersionData::DISPLAY_TITLE;
+    return HLE::ApiVersion::DISPLAY_TITLE;
 }

 VirtualDir SystemVersion() {
    VirtualFile file = std::make_shared<VectorVfsFile>(std::vector<u8>(0x100), "file");
-    file->WriteObject(SystemVersionData::VERSION_MAJOR, 0);
-    file->WriteObject(SystemVersionData::VERSION_MINOR, 1);
-    file->WriteObject(SystemVersionData::VERSION_MICRO, 2);
-    file->WriteObject(SystemVersionData::REVISION_MAJOR, 4);
-    file->WriteObject(SystemVersionData::REVISION_MINOR, 5);
-    file->WriteArray(SystemVersionData::PLATFORM_STRING,
-                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(SystemVersionData::PLATFORM_STRING), 0x20ULL), 0x8);
-    file->WriteArray(SystemVersionData::VERSION_HASH,
-                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(SystemVersionData::VERSION_HASH), 0x40ULL), 0x28);
-    file->WriteArray(SystemVersionData::DISPLAY_VERSION,
-                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(SystemVersionData::DISPLAY_VERSION), 0x18ULL), 0x68);
-    file->WriteArray(SystemVersionData::DISPLAY_TITLE,
-                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(SystemVersionData::DISPLAY_TITLE), 0x80ULL), 0x80);
+    file->WriteObject(HLE::ApiVersion::HOS_VERSION_MAJOR, 0);
+    file->WriteObject(HLE::ApiVersion::HOS_VERSION_MINOR, 1);
+    file->WriteObject(HLE::ApiVersion::HOS_VERSION_MICRO, 2);
+    file->WriteObject(HLE::ApiVersion::SDK_REVISION_MAJOR, 4);
+    file->WriteObject(HLE::ApiVersion::SDK_REVISION_MINOR, 5);
+    file->WriteArray(HLE::ApiVersion::PLATFORM_STRING,
+                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(HLE::ApiVersion::PLATFORM_STRING), 0x20ULL), 0x8);
+    file->WriteArray(HLE::ApiVersion::VERSION_HASH,
+                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(HLE::ApiVersion::VERSION_HASH), 0x40ULL), 0x28);
+    file->WriteArray(HLE::ApiVersion::DISPLAY_VERSION,
+                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(HLE::ApiVersion::DISPLAY_VERSION), 0x18ULL), 0x68);
+    file->WriteArray(HLE::ApiVersion::DISPLAY_TITLE,
+                     std::min<u64>(sizeof(HLE::ApiVersion::DISPLAY_TITLE), 0x80ULL), 0x80);
    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(std::vector<VirtualFile>{file},
                                                std::vector<VirtualDir>{}, "data");
 }
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <string>
 #include "common/fs/path_util.h"
-#include "common/logging/backend.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/mode.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #endif

 #include "common/fs/path_util.h"
-#include "common/logging/backend.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_libzip.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h"
@@ -24,17 +24,12 @@ constexpr FS::FileAccessMode ModeFlagsToFileAccessMode(Mode mode) {
    case Mode::Read:
        return FS::FileAccessMode::Read;
    case Mode::Write:
-        return FS::FileAccessMode::Write;
    case Mode::ReadWrite:
-        return FS::FileAccessMode::ReadWrite;
    case Mode::Append:
-        return FS::FileAccessMode::Append;
    case Mode::ReadAppend:
-        return FS::FileAccessMode::ReadAppend;
    case Mode::WriteAppend:
-        return FS::FileAccessMode::Append;
    case Mode::All:
-        return FS::FileAccessMode::ReadAppend;
+        return FS::FileAccessMode::ReadWrite;
    default:
        return {};
    }
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ProfileSelectApplet::~ProfileSelectApplet() = default;
 void DefaultProfileSelectApplet::SelectProfile(
    std::function<void(std::optional<Common::UUID>)> callback) const {
    Service::Account::ProfileManager manager;
-    callback(manager.GetUser(Settings::values.current_user).value_or(Common::UUID{}));
+    callback(manager.GetUser(Settings::values.current_user.GetValue()).value_or(Common::UUID{}));
    LOG_INFO(Service_ACC, "called, selecting current user instead of prompting...");
 }

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@

 #include "common/common_types.h"

-#include "core/hle/service/am/applets/software_keyboard_types.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_software_keyboard_types.h"

 namespace Core::Frontend {

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <string_view>

-#include "core/hle/service/am/applets/web_types.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/applets/applet_web_browser_types.h"

 namespace Core::Frontend {

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@

 #pragma once

+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <tuple>
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/hardware_interrupt_manager.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_interface.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"

 namespace Core::Hardware {
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+// This file contains yuzu's HLE API version constants.
+
+namespace HLE::ApiVersion {
+
+// Horizon OS version constants.
+
+constexpr u8 HOS_VERSION_MAJOR = 12;
+constexpr u8 HOS_VERSION_MINOR = 1;
+constexpr u8 HOS_VERSION_MICRO = 0;
+
+// NintendoSDK version constants.
+
+constexpr u8 SDK_REVISION_MAJOR = 1;
+constexpr u8 SDK_REVISION_MINOR = 0;
+
+constexpr char PLATFORM_STRING[] = "NX";
+constexpr char VERSION_HASH[] = "76b10c2dab7d3aa73fc162f8dff1655e6a21caf4";
+constexpr char DISPLAY_VERSION[] = "12.1.0";
+constexpr char DISPLAY_TITLE[] = "NintendoSDK Firmware for NX 12.1.0-1.0";
+
+// Atmosphere version constants.
+
+constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MAJOR = 0;
+constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MINOR = 19;
+constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MICRO = 5;
+
+constexpr u32 GetTargetFirmware() {
+    return u32{HOS_VERSION_MAJOR} << 24 | u32{HOS_VERSION_MINOR} << 16 |
+           u32{HOS_VERSION_MICRO} << 8 | 0U;
+}
+
+} // namespace HLE::ApiVersion
@@ -345,8 +345,12 @@ public:
    explicit RequestParser(u32* command_buffer) : RequestHelperBase(command_buffer) {}

    explicit RequestParser(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) : RequestHelperBase(ctx) {
-        ASSERT_MSG(ctx.GetDataPayloadOffset(), "context is incomplete");
-        Skip(ctx.GetDataPayloadOffset(), false);
+        // TIPC does not have data payload offset
+        if (!ctx.IsTipc()) {
+            ASSERT_MSG(ctx.GetDataPayloadOffset(), "context is incomplete");
+            Skip(ctx.GetDataPayloadOffset(), false);
+        }
+
        // Skip the u64 command id, it's already stored in the context
        static constexpr u32 CommandIdSize = 2;
        Skip(CommandIdSize, false);
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More