[loader] cut import overhead

- Enable VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics/FragmentStoresAndAtomics:
  fixes vkCreateGraphicsPipelines() rejecting guestBuffers storage
  descriptor as NonWritable in vertex/fragment stages.
- Enable ShaderInt64: fixes vkCreateShaderModule() rejecting SPIR-V
  using 64-bit integer capability.
- Query GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures first and only enable what the GPU
  actually reports as supported, with a warning fallback otherwise.

Also adds optional Vulkan Validation Layers (SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION=1)
to surface these VUID errors during development instead of silent
VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST.

Directory.Packages.props

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 -->
-
 <Project>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
@@ -10,7 +9,8 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageVersion Include="Iced" Version="1.21.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.23.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" Version="2.23.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
         "dependencies": {
           "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Windowing": "[2.23.0, )"
         }
@@ -103,6 +104,16 @@
           "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "+Oth189ksRiL6HvGCwIdnsYHawqrbO8y49u1H61z3wsfcHhQZeVDYe/wF5LD7fk3NcdgDvwFD3mLm1QWhdZySw==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
         "type": "CentralTransitive",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Imports.cs

@@ -633,25 +633,56 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"ASoW5WE-UPo" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBufferAndGetResult
 			"rqwFKI4PAiM" or // sceKernelAprWaitCommandBuffer
 			"eE4Szl8sil8" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBuffer
-			"qvMUCyyaCSI";   // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBufferAndGetId
+			"qvMUCyyaCSI" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBufferAndGetId
+			"Q2V+iqvjgC0" or // vsnprintf
+			"q1cHNfGycLI" or // scePadRead
+			"xk0AcarP3V4" or // scePadOpen
+			"yH17Q6NWtVg" or // sceUserServiceGetEvent
+			"D-CzAxQL0XI" or // sceUserServiceGetPlatformPrivacySetting
+			"K-jXhbt2gn4";   // scePthreadMutexTrylock
 
 	private bool ShouldLogImportResult(string nid, OrbisGen2Result result)
 	{
+		var resultValue = unchecked((int)result);
+		if (resultValue > 0)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
 		var expectedFileProbeMiss =
 			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND &&
 			IsExpectedFileProbeNotFoundNid(nid);
 		var expectedTimedWaitTimeout =
 			string.Equals(nid, "27bAgiJmOh0", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
 			unchecked((int)result) == 60;
+		var expectedEqueueTimeout =
+			string.Equals(nid, "fzyMKs9kim0", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT;
 		var expectedMutexTrylockBusy =
 			string.Equals(nid, "K-jXhbt2gn4", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
 			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
-		if (!expectedFileProbeMiss && !expectedTimedWaitTimeout && !expectedMutexTrylockBusy)
+		var expectedUserServiceNoEvent =
+			string.Equals(nid, "yH17Q6NWtVg", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+			resultValue == unchecked((int)0x80960007);
+		var expectedPrivacyInvalidParameter =
+			string.Equals(nid, "D-CzAxQL0XI", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+			resultValue == unchecked((int)0x80960009);
+		if (!expectedFileProbeMiss &&
+			!expectedTimedWaitTimeout &&
+			!expectedEqueueTimeout &&
+			!expectedMutexTrylockBusy &&
+			!expectedUserServiceNoEvent &&
+			!expectedPrivacyInvalidParameter)
 		{
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		var key = nid + "\0" + (int)result;
+		if (!ShouldLogExpectedImportResults())
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		var key = nid + "\0" + resultValue;
 		int count;
 		lock (_importResultLogSampleGate)
 		{
@@ -663,6 +694,12 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		return count <= 8 || count % 10000 == 0;
 	}
 
+	private static bool ShouldLogExpectedImportResults() =>
+		string.Equals(
+			Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_EXPECTED_IMPORT_RESULTS"),
+			"1",
+			StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
 	private static bool IsExpectedFileProbeNotFoundNid(string nid) =>
 		nid is
 			"eV9wAD2riIA" or // sceKernelStat

src/SharpEmu.Core/Memory/PhysicalVirtualMemory.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 {
     private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _gate = new(LockRecursionPolicy.SupportsRecursion);
     private readonly object _guestAllocationGate = new();
+    private readonly object _allocationSearchHintGate = new();
     private readonly List<MemoryRegion> _regions = new();
+    private readonly Dictionary<(ulong DesiredAddress, ulong Alignment, bool Executable), ulong> _allocationSearchHints = new();
     private readonly Dictionary<ulong, ProgramHeaderFlags> _pageProtections = new();
     private bool _disposed;
     private const ulong PageSize = 0x1000;
@@ -19,7 +21,8 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
     private const ulong GuestAllocationArenaSize = 0x0100_0000;
     private const ulong GuestAllocationArenaStartOffset = PageSize;
     private const ulong LargeDataReserveThreshold = 0x4000_0000UL; // 1 GiB
-    private const ulong LazyReservePrimeBytes = 0x5000_0000UL; // 1.25 GiB
+    private const ulong FullCommitRegionLimit = 4UL << 30;
+    private const ulong DefaultLazyReservePrimeBytes = 0x0400_0000UL; // 64 MiB
     private const ulong LazyReservePrimeChunkBytes = 0x0200_0000UL; // 32 MiB
 
     private const uint MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000;
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
     private ulong _guestAllocationArenaBase;
     private ulong _guestAllocationOffset;
+    private static readonly ulong LazyReservePrimeBytes = ResolveLazyReservePrimeBytes();
 
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
     private static extern void* VirtualAlloc(void* lpAddress, nuint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);
@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         }
 
         var allocationKind = executable ? "executable memory" : "data memory";
-        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] Allocated exact {allocationKind}: 0x{actualAddress:X16} - 0x{actualAddress + alignedSize:X16} ({alignedSize} bytes)");
+        TraceVmem($"Allocated exact {allocationKind}: 0x{actualAddress:X16} - 0x{actualAddress + alignedSize:X16} ({alignedSize} bytes)");
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -110,7 +114,9 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         var protection = executable ? PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE : PAGE_READWRITE;
         var allocationType = MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE;
         var reservedOnly = false;
-        var preferReserveOnly = !executable && alignedSize >= LargeDataReserveThreshold;
+        var preferReserveOnly = !executable &&
+            alignedSize >= LargeDataReserveThreshold &&
+            alignedSize > FullCommitRegionLimit;
 
         void* result = null;
         if (preferReserveOnly)
@@ -139,7 +145,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to allocate exact mapping at 0x{desiredAddress:X16} ({alignedSize} bytes)");
             }
 
-            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] Could not allocate at 0x{desiredAddress:X16}, trying any address...");
+            TraceVmem($"Could not allocate at 0x{desiredAddress:X16}, trying any address...");
             result = VirtualAlloc(null, (nuint)alignedSize, allocationType, protection);
 
             if (result == null)
@@ -193,12 +199,12 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                     lazyPrimeState = committedBytes == primeBytes
                         ? $"ok:{committedBytes:X}"
                         : $"partial:{committedBytes:X}/{primeBytes:X}";
-                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] Primed lazy region: 0x{actualAddress:X16} - 0x{actualAddress + committedBytes:X16} ({committedBytes} bytes)");
+                    TraceVmem($"Primed lazy region: 0x{actualAddress:X16} - 0x{actualAddress + committedBytes:X16} ({committedBytes} bytes)");
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     lazyPrimeState = $"fail:{primeBytes:X}";
-                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] Failed to prime lazy region at 0x{actualAddress:X16} ({primeBytes} bytes), continuing with on-demand commit");
+                    TraceVmem($"Failed to prime lazy region at 0x{actualAddress:X16} ({primeBytes} bytes), continuing with on-demand commit");
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -227,7 +233,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         var allocationKind = reservedOnly
             ? "reserved data memory (lazy commit)"
             : (executable ? "executable memory" : "data memory");
-        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] Allocated {allocationKind}: 0x{actualAddress:X16} - 0x{actualAddress + alignedSize:X16} ({alignedSize} bytes) lazy_prime={lazyPrimeState}");
+        TraceVmem($"Allocated {allocationKind}: 0x{actualAddress:X16} - 0x{actualAddress + alignedSize:X16} ({alignedSize} bytes) lazy_prime={lazyPrimeState}");
 
         return actualAddress;
     }
@@ -247,7 +253,8 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
         var alignedSize = AlignUp(size, PageSize);
         var effectiveAlignment = Math.Max(PageSize, alignment == 0 ? PageSize : alignment);
-        var cursor = AlignUp(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment);
+        var requestedCursor = AlignUp(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment);
+        var cursor = GetAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, requestedCursor, effectiveAlignment, executable);
 
         for (var attempt = 0; attempt < 0x10000; attempt++)
         {
@@ -267,6 +274,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 actualAddress = AllocateAt(cursor, alignedSize, executable, allowAlternative: false);
                 if (actualAddress == cursor)
                 {
+                    UpdateAllocationSearchCursor(desiredAddress, effectiveAlignment, executable, actualAddress + alignedSize);
                     return true;
                 }
 
@@ -334,6 +342,10 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 }
                 _regions.Clear();
                 _pageProtections.Clear();
+                lock (_allocationSearchHintGate)
+                {
+                    _allocationSearchHints.Clear();
+                }
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -390,7 +402,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
             ApplySegmentProtection(mapStart, mapEnd, protection);
 
-            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] Mapped segment: 0x{virtualAddress:X16} - 0x{virtualAddress + memorySize:X16} (file: {fileData.Length} bytes, prot: {protection})");
+            TraceVmem($"Mapped segment: 0x{virtualAddress:X16} - 0x{virtualAddress + memorySize:X16} (file: {fileData.Length} bytes, prot: {protection})");
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -793,6 +805,16 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
             foreach (var region in _regions)
             {
                 var regionEnd = region.VirtualAddress + region.Size;
+                if (region.VirtualAddress >= end)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (regionEnd <= address)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 if (address < regionEnd && region.VirtualAddress < end)
                 {
                     overlapEnd = Math.Max(overlapEnd, regionEnd);
@@ -807,6 +829,37 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         return overlapEnd != 0;
     }
 
+    private ulong GetAllocationSearchCursor(
+        ulong desiredAddress,
+        ulong requestedCursor,
+        ulong alignment,
+        bool executable)
+    {
+        lock (_allocationSearchHintGate)
+        {
+            var key = (desiredAddress, alignment, executable);
+            if (_allocationSearchHints.TryGetValue(key, out var hintedCursor) &&
+                hintedCursor > requestedCursor)
+            {
+                return AlignUp(hintedCursor, alignment);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return requestedCursor;
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateAllocationSearchCursor(
+        ulong desiredAddress,
+        ulong alignment,
+        bool executable,
+        ulong nextCursor)
+    {
+        lock (_allocationSearchHintGate)
+        {
+            _allocationSearchHints[(desiredAddress, alignment, executable)] = AlignUp(nextCursor, alignment);
+        }
+    }
+
     private static bool TryResolveRegionOffset(ulong address, ulong size, MemoryRegion region, out ulong offset)
     {
         offset = 0;
@@ -975,6 +1028,29 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         return checked((value + mask) & ~mask);
     }
 
+    private static ulong ResolveLazyReservePrimeBytes()
+    {
+        var configured = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LAZY_RESERVE_PRIME_MB");
+        if (ulong.TryParse(configured, out var megabytes))
+        {
+            return megabytes == 0
+                ? 0
+                : checked(Math.Min(megabytes, 4096UL) * 1024UL * 1024UL);
+        }
+
+        return DefaultLazyReservePrimeBytes;
+    }
+
+    private static void TraceVmem(string message)
+    {
+        if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_VMEM"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] {message}");
+    }
+
     public void Dispose()
     {
         if (!_disposed)

src/SharpEmu.Core/packages.lock.json

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
         "dependencies": {
           "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Windowing": "[2.23.0, )"
         }
@@ -88,6 +89,16 @@
           "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "+Oth189ksRiL6HvGCwIdnsYHawqrbO8y49u1H61z3wsfcHhQZeVDYe/wF5LD7fk3NcdgDvwFD3mLm1QWhdZySw==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
         "type": "CentralTransitive",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/AgcExports.cs

@@ -3609,7 +3609,7 @@ public static class AgcExports
             ',',
             draw.GlobalMemoryBindings.Select((binding, index) =>
                 $"{index}:0x{binding.BaseAddress:X16}:{binding.Data.Length}:" +
-                Convert.ToHexString(binding.Data.AsSpan(0, Math.Min(binding.Data.Length, 32)))));
+                Convert.ToHexString(binding.Data.AsSpan(0, Math.Min(binding.Data.Length, 256)))));
         var indices = draw.IndexBuffer is { } indexBuffer
             ? $"{(indexBuffer.Is32Bit ? 32 : 16)}:" +
               Convert.ToHexString(indexBuffer.Data.AsSpan(0, Math.Min(indexBuffer.Data.Length, 32)))
@@ -3744,7 +3744,7 @@ public static class AgcExports
             descriptor.Width > 8192 ||
             descriptor.Height > 8192)
         {
-            texture = CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(isStorage);
+            texture = CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(isStorage, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -3762,7 +3762,7 @@ public static class AgcExports
             sourceByteCount > MaxPresentedTextureBytes ||
             sourceByteCount > int.MaxValue)
         {
-            texture = CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(isStorage);
+            texture = CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(isStorage, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -3825,7 +3825,7 @@ public static class AgcExports
         var source = new byte[(int)sourceByteCount];
         if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(descriptor.Address, source))
         {
-            texture = CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(isStorage);
+            texture = CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(isStorage, descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -3868,18 +3868,25 @@ public static class AgcExports
         return true;
     }
 
-    private static VulkanGuestDrawTexture CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(bool isStorage = false) =>
-        new(
+    private static VulkanGuestDrawTexture CreateFallbackGuestDrawTexture(
+        bool isStorage,
+        uint format,
+        uint numberType)
+    {
+        var fallbackFormat = format == 0 ? 10u : format;
+        var fallbackNumberType = numberType;
+        return new(
             0,
             1,
             1,
-            56,
-            NumberType: 0,
+            fallbackFormat,
+            fallbackNumberType,
             [0, 0, 0, 255],
             IsFallback: true,
             IsStorage: isStorage,
             MipLevels: 1,
             MipLevel: 0);
+    }
 
     private static VulkanGuestSampler ToVulkanSampler(IReadOnlyList<uint> descriptor) =>
         descriptor.Count >= 4

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/Gen5SpirvTranslator.cs

@@ -467,9 +467,6 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                 _imageBindingByPc.TryAdd(binding.Pc, index);
                 var isStorage =
                     Gen5ShaderTranslator.IsStorageImageOperation(binding.Opcode);
-                var isDepth =
-                    binding.Opcode.Contains("SampleC", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
-                    binding.Opcode.Contains("Gather4C", StringComparison.Ordinal);
                 var (format, componentKind) =
                     DecodeImageFormat(binding.ResourceDescriptor);
                 var componentType = componentKind switch
@@ -494,7 +491,7 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                 var imageType = _module.TypeImage(
                     componentType,
                     SpirvImageDim.Dim2D,
-                    depth: isDepth,
+                    depth: false,
                     arrayed: false,
                     multisampled: false,
                     sampled: isStorage ? 2u : 1u,
@@ -1661,18 +1658,14 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                 var offset = hasOffset ? BuildImageOffset(image, 0) : 0u;
                 var imageOperands =
                     (explicitLod ? 2u : 0u) | (hasOffset ? 0x10u : 0u);
+                var reference = hasCompare
+                    ? Bitcast(_floatType, LoadV(image.GetAddressRegister(hasOffset ? 1 : 0)))
+                    : 0u;
                 var operands = new List<uint>
                 {
                     imageObject,
                     coordinates,
                 };
-                if (hasCompare)
-                {
-                    operands.Add(
-                        Bitcast(
-                            _floatType,
-                            LoadV(image.GetAddressRegister(hasOffset ? 1 : 0))));
-                }
 
                 if (imageOperands != 0)
                 {
@@ -1689,29 +1682,14 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                 }
 
                 sampled = _module.AddInstruction(
-                    hasCompare
-                        ? explicitLod
-                            ? SpirvOp.ImageSampleDrefExplicitLod
-                            : SpirvOp.ImageSampleDrefImplicitLod
-                        : explicitLod
-                            ? SpirvOp.ImageSampleExplicitLod
-                            : SpirvOp.ImageSampleImplicitLod,
-                    hasCompare ? resource.ComponentType : resource.VectorType,
+                    explicitLod
+                        ? SpirvOp.ImageSampleExplicitLod
+                        : SpirvOp.ImageSampleImplicitLod,
+                    resource.VectorType,
                     [.. operands]);
                 if (hasCompare)
                 {
-                    var scalar = sampled;
-                    sampled = _module.AddInstruction(
-                        SpirvOp.CompositeConstruct,
-                        resource.VectorType,
-                        scalar,
-                        scalar,
-                        scalar,
-                        resource.ComponentKind == ImageComponentKind.Float
-                            ? Float(1)
-                            : resource.ComponentKind == ImageComponentKind.Uint
-                                ? UInt(1)
-                                : _module.Constant(_intType, 1));
+                    sampled = EmitManualDepthCompare(resource, sampled, reference);
                 }
             }
             else if (instruction.Opcode.StartsWith(
@@ -1725,6 +1703,9 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                 var start = (hasOffset ? 1 : 0) + (hasCompare ? 1 : 0);
                 var coordinates = BuildFloatCoordinates(image, start);
                 var offset = hasOffset ? BuildImageOffset(image, 0) : 0u;
+                var reference = hasCompare
+                    ? Bitcast(_floatType, LoadV(image.GetAddressRegister(hasOffset ? 1 : 0)))
+                    : 0u;
                 var operands = new List<uint>
                 {
                     imageObject,
@@ -1732,10 +1713,7 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                 };
                 if (hasCompare)
                 {
-                    operands.Add(
-                        Bitcast(
-                            _floatType,
-                            LoadV(image.GetAddressRegister(hasOffset ? 1 : 0))));
+                    operands.Add(UInt(0));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -1756,11 +1734,28 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                 }
 
                 sampled = _module.AddInstruction(
-                    hasCompare
-                        ? SpirvOp.ImageDrefGather
-                        : SpirvOp.ImageGather,
+                    SpirvOp.ImageGather,
                     resource.VectorType,
                     [.. operands]);
+                if (hasCompare)
+                {
+                    var compared = new uint[4];
+                    for (var component = 0u; component < 4; component++)
+                    {
+                        var texel = _module.AddInstruction(
+                            SpirvOp.CompositeExtract,
+                            resource.ComponentType,
+                            sampled,
+                            component);
+                        compared[component] = EmitDepthCompareScalar(resource, texel, reference);
+                    }
+
+                    sampled = _module.AddInstruction(
+                        SpirvOp.CompositeConstruct,
+                        resource.VectorType,
+                        compared);
+                }
+
                 writeAllComponents = true;
             }
             else
@@ -1794,6 +1789,67 @@ internal static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
             return true;
         }
 
+        private uint EmitDepthCompareScalar(
+            SpirvImageResource resource,
+            uint texel,
+            uint reference)
+        {
+            var texelAsFloat = resource.ComponentKind switch
+            {
+                ImageComponentKind.Uint => _module.AddInstruction(
+                    SpirvOp.ConvertUToF, _floatType, texel),
+                ImageComponentKind.Sint => _module.AddInstruction(
+                    SpirvOp.ConvertSToF, _floatType, texel),
+                _ => texel,
+            };
+            var passes = _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.FOrdLessThanEqual,
+                _boolType,
+                reference,
+                texelAsFloat);
+            return _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.Select,
+                resource.ComponentType,
+                passes,
+                resource.ComponentKind switch
+                {
+                    ImageComponentKind.Uint => UInt(1),
+                    ImageComponentKind.Sint => _module.Constant(_intType, 1),
+                    _ => Float(1),
+                },
+                resource.ComponentKind switch
+                {
+                    ImageComponentKind.Uint => UInt(0),
+                    ImageComponentKind.Sint => _module.Constant(_intType, 0),
+                    _ => Float(0),
+                });
+        }
+
+        private uint EmitManualDepthCompare(
+            SpirvImageResource resource,
+            uint sampledVector,
+            uint reference)
+        {
+            var texel = _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.CompositeExtract,
+                resource.ComponentType,
+                sampledVector,
+                0u);
+            var scalar = EmitDepthCompareScalar(resource, texel, reference);
+            return _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.CompositeConstruct,
+                resource.VectorType,
+                scalar,
+                scalar,
+                scalar,
+                resource.ComponentKind switch
+                {
+                    ImageComponentKind.Uint => UInt(1),
+                    ImageComponentKind.Sint => _module.Constant(_intType, 1),
+                    _ => Float(1),
+                });
+        }
+
         private uint BuildFloatCoordinates(Gen5ImageControl image, int start)
         {
             var x = Bitcast(

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ampr/AmprExports.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
     private const uint KernelEventQueueRecordType = 2;
     private const uint WriteAddressRecordType = 3;
     private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, CommandBufferState> _commandBuffers = new();
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Lazy<CachedHostFile>> _hostFileCache = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
     private static readonly bool _traceAmpr =
         string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AMPR"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
     private static readonly bool _traceAmprReads =
@@ -37,6 +38,23 @@ public static class AmprExports
         public ulong WriteOffset;
     }
 
+    private sealed class CachedHostFile
+    {
+        public CachedHostFile(string path)
+        {
+            Stream = new FileStream(
+                path,
+                FileMode.Open,
+                FileAccess.Read,
+                FileShare.ReadWrite | FileShare.Delete,
+                bufferSize: 1024 * 1024,
+                FileOptions.RandomAccess);
+        }
+
+        public object Gate { get; } = new();
+        public FileStream Stream { get; }
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "8aI7R7WaOlc",
         ExportName = "sceAmprCommandBufferConstructor",
@@ -249,7 +267,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
 
-        if (!AmprFileRegistry.TryGetHostPath(fileId, out var hostPath) || !File.Exists(hostPath))
+        if (!AmprFileRegistry.TryGetHostPath(fileId, out var hostPath))
         {
             TraceAmprRead(ctx, commandBuffer, fileId, destination, size, fileOffset, bytesRead: 0, hostPath, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -634,24 +652,43 @@ public static class AmprExports
 
         try
         {
-            using var stream = new FileStream(
-                hostPath,
-                FileMode.Open,
-                FileAccess.Read,
-                FileShare.ReadWrite | FileShare.Delete,
-                ChunkSize,
-                FileOptions.SequentialScan);
-            if (fileOffset >= (ulong)stream.Length)
+            if (!TryGetCachedHostFile(hostPath, out var cachedFile, out var openResult))
+            {
+                return openResult;
+            }
+
+            long fileLength;
+            lock (cachedFile.Gate)
+            {
+                fileLength = cachedFile.Stream.Length;
+            }
+
+            if (fileOffset >= (ulong)fileLength)
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
             }
 
-            stream.Position = unchecked((long)fileOffset);
-
             while (bytesRead < size)
             {
+                if (bytesRead > ulong.MaxValue - fileOffset)
+                {
+                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                }
+
+                var absoluteOffset = fileOffset + bytesRead;
+                if (absoluteOffset > long.MaxValue)
+                {
+                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                }
+
                 var request = (int)Math.Min((ulong)buffer.Length, size - bytesRead);
-                var read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, request);
+                int read;
+                lock (cachedFile.Gate)
+                {
+                    cachedFile.Stream.Position = unchecked((long)absoluteOffset);
+                    read = cachedFile.Stream.Read(buffer, 0, request);
+                }
+
                 if (read <= 0)
                 {
                     break;
@@ -681,6 +718,44 @@ public static class AmprExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryGetCachedHostFile(string hostPath, out CachedHostFile file, out int result)
+    {
+        file = null!;
+        result = (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+
+        string cachePath;
+        try
+        {
+            cachePath = Path.GetFullPath(hostPath);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            cachePath = hostPath;
+        }
+
+        var lazy = _hostFileCache.GetOrAdd(
+            cachePath,
+            static path => new Lazy<CachedHostFile>(() => new CachedHostFile(path), isThreadSafe: true));
+
+        try
+        {
+            file = lazy.Value;
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
+        {
+            _hostFileCache.TryRemove(cachePath, out _);
+            result = (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            return false;
+        }
+        catch (IOException)
+        {
+            _hostFileCache.TryRemove(cachePath, out _);
+            result = (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     private static bool AppendReadFileRecord(
         CpuContext ctx,
         ulong commandBuffer,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelEventQueueCompatExports.cs

@@ -276,6 +276,22 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
         var outCountAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
         var timeoutAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.R8];
 
+        if (!IsValidEqueue(handle))
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+        }
+
+        if (eventsAddress == 0 || eventCapacity < 1)
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+
+        uint timeoutUsec = 0;
+        if (timeoutAddress != 0 && !TryReadUInt32(ctx, timeoutAddress, out timeoutUsec))
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
+        }
+
         var deliveredCount = DequeueEvents(ctx, handle, eventsAddress, eventCapacity);
         if (outCountAddress != 0 && !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
         {
@@ -300,6 +316,41 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
         }
 
+        if (timeoutAddress != 0 && ctx.TryReadUInt64(timeoutAddress, out var timeoutRaw))
+        {
+            var timeoutMicros = timeoutRaw & 0xFFFF_FFFFUL;
+            var deadline = Environment.TickCount64 +
+                Math.Max(1L, (long)Math.Min(timeoutMicros / 1000, int.MaxValue));
+            lock (_eventQueueGate)
+            {
+                while (!HasPendingEvents(handle))
+                {
+                    var remaining = deadline - Environment.TickCount64;
+                    if (remaining <= 0)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    Monitor.Wait(_eventQueueGate, (int)Math.Min(remaining, 100));
+                }
+            }
+
+            deliveredCount = DequeueEvents(ctx, handle, eventsAddress, eventCapacity);
+            if (outCountAddress != 0 && !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
+            {
+                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
+            }
+
+            if (deliveredCount > 0)
+            {
+                TraceEventQueue(ctx, "wait-timed-deliver", handle);
+                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+            }
+
+            TraceEventQueue(ctx, "wait-timeout", handle);
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT;
+        }
+
         TraceEventQueue(ctx, "wait", handle);
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
@@ -330,6 +381,7 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
 
             queue.AddLast(queuedEvent);
             queued = true;
+            Monitor.PulseAll(_eventQueueGate);
         }
 
         if (queued)
@@ -494,7 +546,9 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
 
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+        return deliveredCount > 0
+            ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
+            : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT;
     }
 
     private static bool HasPendingEvents(ulong handle)
@@ -612,4 +666,17 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
     }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelExceptionCompatExports.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
+
+public static class KernelExceptionCompatExports
+{
+    private static readonly HashSet<int> AllowedSignals = new() { 1, 4, 8, 10, 11, 30 };
+    private static readonly Dictionary<int, ulong> _installedHandlers = new();
+    private static readonly object _gate = new();
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "WkwEd3N7w0Y",
+        ExportName = "sceKernelInstallExceptionHandler",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
+    public static int InstallExceptionHandler(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var signum = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
+        var handler = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+
+        if (!AllowedSignals.Contains(signum))
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_installedHandlers.ContainsKey(signum))
+            {
+                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+            }
+
+            _installedHandlers[signum] = handler;
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "Qhv5ARAoOEc",
+        ExportName = "sceKernelRemoveExceptionHandler",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
+    public static int RemoveExceptionHandler(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var signum = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
+
+        if (!AllowedSignals.Contains(signum))
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _installedHandlers.Remove(signum);
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelExports.cs

@@ -365,6 +365,13 @@ public static class KernelExports
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
     public static int KernelOpen(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMemoryCompatExports.KernelOpenUnderscore(ctx);
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "mqQMh1zPPT8",
+        ExportName = "fstat",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libc")]
+    public static int Fstat(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMemoryCompatExports.KernelFstat(ctx);
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "hcuQgD53UxM",
         ExportName = "printf",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelMemoryCompatExports.cs

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Ampr;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading;
-using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Globalization;
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
     private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> _guestMounts = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
     private static readonly HashSet<string> _tracedStatResults = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
     private static readonly HashSet<string> _negativeStatCache = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, ulong> _aprFileSizeCache = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
     private static long _nextFileDescriptor = 2;
     private static ulong _nextPhysicalAddress;
     private static ulong _nextVirtualAddress;
@@ -1342,6 +1343,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             if (IsMutatingOpen(flags))
             {
                 InvalidateNegativeStatCacheForPathAndAncestors(guestPath);
+                InvalidateAprFileSizeCache(hostPath);
             }
 
             LogOpenTrace($"_open file path='{guestPath}' host='{hostPath}' flags=0x{flags:X8} fd={fd}");
@@ -1550,6 +1552,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
 
             File.Delete(hostPath);
             InvalidateNegativeStatCacheForPathAndAncestors(guestPath);
+            InvalidateAprFileSizeCache(hostPath);
             AddNegativeStatCacheForGuestPath(guestPath);
             LogOpenTrace($"unlink path='{guestPath}' host='{hostPath}'");
             ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
@@ -2596,8 +2599,11 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         var length = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         var protection = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
         var flags = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
-        Console.Error.WriteLine(
-            $"[LOADER][TRACE] map_flexible: inout=0x{inOutAddressPointer:X16} len=0x{length:X16} prot=0x{protection:X8} flags=0x{flags:X16}");
+        if (ShouldTraceDirectMemory())
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][TRACE] map_flexible: inout=0x{inOutAddressPointer:X16} len=0x{length:X16} prot=0x{protection:X8} flags=0x{flags:X16}");
+        }
         if (inOutAddressPointer == 0 || length == 0)
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
@@ -2627,8 +2633,11 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
                     : AllocateMappedGuestAddress(ctx, length, 0x1000UL);
             }
 
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                $"[LOADER][TRACE] map_flexible reserve: requested=0x{requestedAddress:X16} desired=0x{desiredAddress:X16} mapped=0x{mappedAddress:X16}");
+            if (ShouldTraceDirectMemory())
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][TRACE] map_flexible reserve: requested=0x{requestedAddress:X16} desired=0x{desiredAddress:X16} mapped=0x{mappedAddress:X16}");
+            }
 
             if (mappedAddress == 0)
             {
@@ -3973,118 +3982,17 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         ulong alignment,
         out ulong mappedAddress)
     {
-        mappedAddress = 0;
-        if (length == 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            object memoryObject = ctx.Memory;
-            MethodInfo? allocateAt = null;
-            MethodInfo? allocateAtOrAbove = null;
-            var allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = false;
-            for (var depth = 0; depth < 4; depth++)
-            {
-                foreach (var candidate in memoryObject.GetType().GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance))
-                {
-                    var parameters = candidate.GetParameters();
-                    if (string.Equals(candidate.Name, "TryAllocateAtOrAbove", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
-                        parameters.Length == 5 &&
-                        parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                        parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                        parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool) &&
-                        parameters[3].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                        parameters[4].ParameterType == typeof(ulong).MakeByRefType())
-                    {
-                        allocateAtOrAbove = candidate;
-                    }
-                    else if (string.Equals(candidate.Name, "AllocateAt", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-                    {
-                        if (parameters.Length == 3 &&
-                            parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool))
-                        {
-                            allocateAt = candidate;
-                            allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = false;
-                        }
-                        else if (parameters.Length == 4 &&
-                            parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool) &&
-                            parameters[3].ParameterType == typeof(bool))
-                        {
-                            allocateAt = candidate;
-                            allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = true;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (allocateAtOrAbove is not null && allocateAt is not null)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (allocateAtOrAbove is not null || allocateAt is not null)
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                var innerProperty = memoryObject.GetType().GetProperty("Inner", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
-                if (innerProperty is null)
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                var innerValue = innerProperty.GetValue(memoryObject);
-                if (innerValue is null || ReferenceEquals(innerValue, memoryObject))
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                memoryObject = innerValue;
-            }
-
-            var executable = (protection & OrbisProtCpuExec) != 0;
-            if (allocateAtOrAbove is not null)
-            {
-                var searchArgs = new object[] { desiredAddress, length, executable, alignment, 0UL };
-                var searchResult = allocateAtOrAbove.Invoke(memoryObject, searchArgs);
-                if (searchResult is bool trueValue && trueValue &&
-                    searchArgs[4] is ulong searchedAddress && searchedAddress != 0)
-                {
-                    mappedAddress = searchedAddress;
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (allocateAt is null)
-            {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] reserve range: AllocateAt missing on {ctx.Memory.GetType().FullName}");
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var invokeArgs = allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg
-                ? new object[] { desiredAddress, length, executable, false }
-                : new object[] { desiredAddress, length, executable };
-            var result = allocateAt.Invoke(memoryObject, invokeArgs);
-            if (result is not ulong allocated || allocated == 0)
-            {
-                var resultType = result?.GetType().FullName ?? "null";
-                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] reserve range: AllocateAt returned {resultType} value={result ?? "null"}");
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            mappedAddress = allocated;
-            return true;
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][TRACE] reserve range threw while invoking AllocateAt");
-            return false;
-        }
+        var executable = (protection & OrbisProtCpuExec) != 0;
+        return KernelVirtualRangeAllocator.TryReserve(
+            ctx,
+            desiredAddress,
+            length,
+            executable,
+            alignment,
+            allowSearch: true,
+            allowAllocateAtAlternative: false,
+            "reserve range",
+            out mappedAddress);
     }
 
     private static bool IsMappedGuestRangeAvailable(
@@ -4237,6 +4145,20 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         var app0Root = ResolveApp0Root();
         if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(app0Root))
         {
+            if (string.Equals(guestPath, "$", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+                string.Equals(guestPath, "$/", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+                string.Equals(guestPath, "$\\", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                return app0Root;
+            }
+
+            if (guestPath.StartsWith("$/", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+                guestPath.StartsWith("$\\", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                var relative = NormalizeMountRelativePath(guestPath[2..]);
+                return Path.Combine(app0Root, relative);
+            }
+
             if (string.Equals(guestPath, "/app0", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                 string.Equals(guestPath, "app0", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             {
@@ -5899,22 +5821,40 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
     private static bool TryGetAprFileSize(string hostPath, out ulong size)
     {
         size = 0;
+
+        string cachePath;
         try
         {
-            var fileInfo = new FileInfo(hostPath);
+            cachePath = Path.GetFullPath(hostPath);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            cachePath = hostPath;
+        }
+
+        if (_aprFileSizeCache.TryGetValue(cachePath, out size))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var fileInfo = new FileInfo(cachePath);
             if (fileInfo.Exists)
             {
                 var length = fileInfo.Length;
                 size = length < 0 ? 0UL : unchecked((ulong)length);
+                _aprFileSizeCache.TryAdd(cachePath, size);
                 return true;
             }
 
-            if (!new DirectoryInfo(hostPath).Exists)
+            if (!new DirectoryInfo(cachePath).Exists)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
             size = 65536;
+            _aprFileSizeCache.TryAdd(cachePath, size);
             return true;
         }
         catch
@@ -6213,6 +6153,20 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         }
     }
 
+    private static void InvalidateAprFileSizeCache(string hostPath)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            hostPath = Path.GetFullPath(hostPath);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // The cache key remains the original path when normalization fails.
+        }
+
+        _aprFileSizeCache.TryRemove(hostPath, out _);
+    }
+
     private static string PreviewIoBytes(byte[] buffer, int count, int maxBytes)
     {
         if (count <= 0)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelPthreadCompatExports.cs

@@ -95,6 +95,13 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "7Xl257M4VNI",
+        ExportName = "pthread_equal",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libc")]
+    public static int PosixPthreadEqual(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadEqual(ctx);
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "T72hz6ffq08",
         ExportName = "scePthreadYield",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelRuntimeCompatExports.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;
@@ -87,11 +86,11 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
 
         if (micros < 1000)
         {
-            // Guest worker pools use usleep(1) as a polling backoff. Periodically
-            // relinquish a full host time slice so spin workers cannot starve producers.
-            if ((++_shortUsleepCount & 31) == 0)
+            // Guest worker pools use usleep(1) as a polling backoff. Do not turn
+            // PS microsecond waits into Windows millisecond sleeps on hot paths.
+            if ((++_shortUsleepCount & 255) == 0)
             {
-                Thread.Sleep(1);
+                Thread.Sleep(0);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -739,8 +738,11 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
         }
 
-        Console.Error.WriteLine(
-            $"[LOADER][TRACE] reserve_virtual_range: req=0x{requestedAddress:X16} desired=0x{desiredAddress:X16} mapped=0x{mappedAddress:X16} len=0x{length:X16} flags=0x{flags:X8} align=0x{effectiveAlignment:X16}");
+        if (ShouldTraceVirtualMemory())
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][TRACE] reserve_virtual_range: req=0x{requestedAddress:X16} desired=0x{desiredAddress:X16} mapped=0x{mappedAddress:X16} len=0x{length:X16} flags=0x{flags:X8} align=0x{effectiveAlignment:X16}");
+        }
 
         if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(inOutAddressPointer, mappedAddress))
         {
@@ -1733,117 +1735,16 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         bool allowSearch,
         out ulong mappedAddress)
     {
-        mappedAddress = 0;
-        if (length == 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            object memoryObject = ctx.Memory;
-            MethodInfo? allocateAt = null;
-            MethodInfo? allocateAtOrAbove = null;
-            var allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = false;
-            for (var depth = 0; depth < 4; depth++)
-            {
-                foreach (var candidate in memoryObject.GetType().GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance))
-                {
-                    var parameters = candidate.GetParameters();
-                    if (string.Equals(candidate.Name, "TryAllocateAtOrAbove", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
-                        parameters.Length == 5 &&
-                        parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                        parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                        parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool) &&
-                        parameters[3].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                        parameters[4].ParameterType == typeof(ulong).MakeByRefType())
-                    {
-                        allocateAtOrAbove = candidate;
-                    }
-                    else if (string.Equals(candidate.Name, "AllocateAt", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-                    {
-                        if (parameters.Length == 3 &&
-                            parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool))
-                        {
-                            allocateAt = candidate;
-                            allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = false;
-                        }
-                        else if (parameters.Length == 4 &&
-                            parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
-                            parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool) &&
-                            parameters[3].ParameterType == typeof(bool))
-                        {
-                            allocateAt = candidate;
-                            allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = true;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (allocateAtOrAbove is not null && allocateAt is not null)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (allocateAtOrAbove is not null || allocateAt is not null)
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                var innerProperty = memoryObject.GetType().GetProperty("Inner", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
-                if (innerProperty is null)
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                var innerValue = innerProperty.GetValue(memoryObject);
-                if (innerValue is null || ReferenceEquals(innerValue, memoryObject))
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                memoryObject = innerValue;
-            }
-
-            if (allowSearch && allocateAtOrAbove is not null)
-            {
-                var searchArgs = new object[] { desiredAddress, length, false, alignment, 0UL };
-                var searchResult = allocateAtOrAbove.Invoke(memoryObject, searchArgs);
-                if (searchResult is bool trueValue && trueValue &&
-                    searchArgs[4] is ulong searchedAddress && searchedAddress != 0)
-                {
-                    mappedAddress = searchedAddress;
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (allocateAt is null)
-            {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] reserve_virtual_range: AllocateAt missing on {ctx.Memory.GetType().FullName}");
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var invokeArgs = allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg
-                ? new object[] { desiredAddress, length, false, allowSearch }
-                : new object[] { desiredAddress, length, false };
-            var result = allocateAt.Invoke(memoryObject, invokeArgs);
-            if (result is not ulong allocated || allocated == 0)
-            {
-                var resultType = result?.GetType().FullName ?? "null";
-                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] reserve_virtual_range: AllocateAt returned {resultType} value={result ?? "null"}");
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            mappedAddress = allocated;
-            return true;
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][TRACE] reserve_virtual_range: AllocateAt invocation threw");
-            return false;
-        }
+        return KernelVirtualRangeAllocator.TryReserve(
+            ctx,
+            desiredAddress,
+            length,
+            executable: false,
+            alignment,
+            allowSearch,
+            allowAllocateAtAlternative: allowSearch,
+            "reserve_virtual_range",
+            out mappedAddress);
     }
 
     private static ulong AlignUp(ulong value, ulong alignment)
@@ -1856,4 +1757,9 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         var mask = alignment - 1;
         return (value + mask) & ~mask;
     }
+
+    private static bool ShouldTraceVirtualMemory()
+    {
+        return string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_VIRTUAL_MEMORY"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelVirtualRangeAllocator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
+
+internal static class KernelVirtualRangeAllocator
+{
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Accessor> _accessors = new();
+
+    public static bool TryReserve(
+        CpuContext ctx,
+        ulong desiredAddress,
+        ulong length,
+        bool executable,
+        ulong alignment,
+        bool allowSearch,
+        bool allowAllocateAtAlternative,
+        string traceName,
+        out ulong mappedAddress)
+    {
+        mappedAddress = 0;
+        if (length == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (!TryResolveAccessor(ctx.Memory, out var target, out var accessor))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] {traceName}: AllocateAt missing on {ctx.Memory.GetType().FullName}");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (allowSearch && accessor.AllocateAtOrAbove is not null)
+            {
+                var searchArgs = new object[] { desiredAddress, length, executable, alignment, 0UL };
+                var searchResult = accessor.AllocateAtOrAbove.Invoke(target, searchArgs);
+                if (searchResult is bool trueValue && trueValue &&
+                    searchArgs[4] is ulong searchedAddress && searchedAddress != 0)
+                {
+                    mappedAddress = searchedAddress;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (accessor.AllocateAt is null)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] {traceName}: AllocateAt missing on {target.GetType().FullName}");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var invokeArgs = accessor.AllocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg
+                ? new object[] { desiredAddress, length, executable, allowAllocateAtAlternative }
+                : new object[] { desiredAddress, length, executable };
+            var result = accessor.AllocateAt.Invoke(target, invokeArgs);
+            if (result is not ulong allocated || allocated == 0)
+            {
+                var resultType = result?.GetType().FullName ?? "null";
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] {traceName}: AllocateAt returned {resultType} value={result ?? "null"}");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            mappedAddress = allocated;
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] {traceName}: AllocateAt invocation threw");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryResolveAccessor(object rootMemory, out object target, out Accessor accessor)
+    {
+        target = rootMemory;
+        accessor = default;
+
+        for (var depth = 0; depth < 4; depth++)
+        {
+            accessor = _accessors.GetOrAdd(target.GetType(), DiscoverAccessor);
+            if (accessor.AllocateAt is not null || accessor.AllocateAtOrAbove is not null)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (accessor.InnerProperty is null)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            var innerValue = accessor.InnerProperty.GetValue(target);
+            if (innerValue is null || ReferenceEquals(innerValue, target))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            target = innerValue;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static Accessor DiscoverAccessor(Type type)
+    {
+        MethodInfo? allocateAt = null;
+        MethodInfo? allocateAtOrAbove = null;
+        var allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = false;
+
+        foreach (var candidate in type.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance))
+        {
+            var parameters = candidate.GetParameters();
+            if (string.Equals(candidate.Name, "TryAllocateAtOrAbove", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                parameters.Length == 5 &&
+                parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
+                parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
+                parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool) &&
+                parameters[3].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
+                parameters[4].ParameterType == typeof(ulong).MakeByRefType())
+            {
+                allocateAtOrAbove = candidate;
+            }
+            else if (string.Equals(candidate.Name, "AllocateAt", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                if (parameters.Length == 3 &&
+                    parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
+                    parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
+                    parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool))
+                {
+                    allocateAt = candidate;
+                    allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = false;
+                }
+                else if (parameters.Length == 4 &&
+                    parameters[0].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
+                    parameters[1].ParameterType == typeof(ulong) &&
+                    parameters[2].ParameterType == typeof(bool) &&
+                    parameters[3].ParameterType == typeof(bool))
+                {
+                    allocateAt = candidate;
+                    allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var innerProperty = type.GetProperty("Inner", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
+        return new Accessor(allocateAt, allocateAtOrAbove, allocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg, innerProperty);
+    }
+
+    private readonly record struct Accessor(
+        MethodInfo? AllocateAt,
+        MethodInfo? AllocateAtOrAbove,
+        bool AllocateAtHasAllowAlternativeArg,
+        PropertyInfo? InnerProperty);
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" />
     <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" />
     <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" />
   </ItemGroup>

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using Silk.NET.Maths;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT;
 using Silk.NET.Windowing;
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
@@ -846,6 +847,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         private delegate* unmanaged<CommandBuffer, void> _cmdEndDebugUtilsLabel;
         private Instance _instance;
         private SurfaceKHR _surface;
+        private DebugUtilsMessengerEXT _debugMessenger;
+        private ExtDebugUtils? _debugUtils;
         private PhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
         private Device _device;
         private Queue _queue;
@@ -876,6 +879,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         private bool _swapchainRecreateDeferred;
         private bool _tracedPresentedSwapchain;
         private bool _swapchainReadbackPending;
+        private bool _deviceLost;
+        private bool _deviceLostLogged;
         private int _directPresentationCount;
         private readonly Dictionary<ulong, GuestImageResource> _guestImages = new();
         private readonly HashSet<(ulong Address, uint Width, uint Height, Format Format)> _tracedTextureCacheHits = new();
@@ -1241,6 +1246,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         private void CreateInstance()
         {
             var applicationName = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("SharpEmu");
+            var enableValidation = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION") == "1";
+            byte* validationLayerName = null;
+            
             try
             {
                 var applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo
@@ -1268,12 +1276,29 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     enabledExtensions[enabledExtensionCount++] = debugUtilsExtension;
                 }
 
+                if (enableValidation && IsInstanceLayerAvailable("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"))
+                {
+                    validationLayerName = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
+                }
+                else if (enableValidation)
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARN] SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION=1 but VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation not found (Vulkan SDK installed?).");
+                }
+
+                var layers = stackalloc byte*[1];
+                if (validationLayerName is not null)
+                {
+                    layers[0] = validationLayerName;
+                }
+
                 var createInfo = new InstanceCreateInfo
                 {
                     SType = StructureType.InstanceCreateInfo,
                     PApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo,
                     EnabledExtensionCount = (uint)enabledExtensionCount,
                     PpEnabledExtensionNames = enabledExtensions,
+                    EnabledLayerCount = validationLayerName is not null ? 1u : 0u,
+                    PpEnabledLayerNames = validationLayerName is not null ? layers : null,
                 };
 
                 try
@@ -1283,6 +1308,13 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     {
                         throw new InvalidOperationException("VK_KHR_surface is unavailable.");
                     }
+                    
+                    if (validationLayerName is not null && _vk.TryGetInstanceExtension(_instance, out ExtDebugUtils debugUtils))
+                    {
+                        _debugUtils = debugUtils;
+                        RegisterDebugMessenger(debugUtils);
+                        Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Vulkan Validation Layers active (SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION=1).");
+                    }
                 }
                 finally
                 {
@@ -1295,9 +1327,74 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             finally
             {
                 SilkMarshal.Free((nint)applicationName);
+                if (validationLayerName is not null)
+                {
+                    SilkMarshal.Free((nint)validationLayerName);
+                }
             }
         }
 
+        private bool IsInstanceLayerAvailable(string layerName)
+        {
+            uint layerCount = 0;
+            if (_vk.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, null) != Result.Success || layerCount == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var properties = new LayerProperties[layerCount];
+            fixed (LayerProperties* propertyPointer = properties)
+            {
+                if (_vk.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, propertyPointer) != Result.Success)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                var expected = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(layerName);
+                for (var index = 0; index < layerCount; index++)
+                {
+                    if (Utf8NullTerminatedEquals(propertyPointer[index].LayerName, expected))
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+        private void RegisterDebugMessenger(ExtDebugUtils debugUtils)
+        {
+            var messengerInfo = new DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoExt,
+                MessageSeverity = DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt
+                                  | DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt,
+                MessageType = DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt
+                              | DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.PerformanceBitExt
+                              | DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.GeneralBitExt,
+                PfnUserCallback = new PfnDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT(DebugCallback),
+            };
+
+            Check(debugUtils.CreateDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, &messengerInfo, null, out _debugMessenger),
+                "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
+        }
+        
+        private static unsafe uint DebugCallback(
+            DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT severity,
+            DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type,
+            DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* callbackData,
+            void* userData)
+        {
+            var message = SilkMarshal.PtrToString((nint)callbackData->PMessage);
+            var prefix = severity switch
+            {
+                DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt => "[VULKAN][ERROR]",
+                DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt => "[VULKAN][WARN]",
+                _ => "[VULKAN][INFO]",
+            };
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"{prefix} {message}");
+            return Vk.False;
+        }
         private void CreateSurface()
         {
             var instanceHandle = new VkHandle(_instance.Handle);
@@ -1358,17 +1455,129 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 QueueCount = 1,
                 PQueuePriorities = &priority,
             };
+            _vk.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(_physicalDevice, out var supportedFeatures);
+            var enabledFeatures = new PhysicalDeviceFeatures
+            {
+                VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics = supportedFeatures.VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics,
+                FragmentStoresAndAtomics = supportedFeatures.FragmentStoresAndAtomics,
+                ShaderInt64 = supportedFeatures.ShaderInt64,
+                ShaderImageGatherExtended = supportedFeatures.ShaderImageGatherExtended,
+                ShaderStorageImageExtendedFormats = supportedFeatures.ShaderStorageImageExtendedFormats,
+                ShaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat = supportedFeatures.ShaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat,
+                ShaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat = supportedFeatures.ShaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat,
+                RobustBufferAccess = supportedFeatures.RobustBufferAccess,
+            };
+
+            if (!supportedFeatures.RobustBufferAccess)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support robustBufferAccess " +
+                    "translated shaders performing out-of-bounds buffer access may cause device loss.");
+            }
+
+            if (!supportedFeatures.ShaderInt64)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support shaderInt64 " +
+                    "translated shaders using 64-bit integers will fail.");
+            }
+
+            if (!supportedFeatures.VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics || !supportedFeatures.FragmentStoresAndAtomics)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics/fragmentStoresAndAtomics " +
+                    "translated shaders using storage buffers in vertex/fragment stages may fail.");
+            }
+
+            if (!supportedFeatures.ShaderImageGatherExtended)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support shaderImageGatherExtended " +
+                    "translated shaders using image gather with offsets/LOD/bias will fail.");
+            }
+
+            if (!supportedFeatures.ShaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat ||
+                !supportedFeatures.ShaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support shaderStorageImage(Read|Write)WithoutFormat " +
+                    "translated shaders using unformatted storage image load/store will fail.");
+            }
+
+            var maintenance8Features = new PhysicalDeviceMaintenance8FeaturesKHR
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceMaintenance8FeaturesKhr,
+            };
+            var robustness2Features = new PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesExt,
+                PNext = &maintenance8Features,
+            };
+            var featuresQuery = new PhysicalDeviceFeatures2
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceFeatures2,
+                PNext = &robustness2Features,
+            };
+            _vk.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(_physicalDevice, &featuresQuery);
+            var supportsMaintenance8 = maintenance8Features.Maintenance8;
+            var supportsRobustImageAccess2 = robustness2Features.RobustImageAccess2;
+            var supportsNullDescriptor = robustness2Features.NullDescriptor;
+            var supportsRobustness2 = supportsRobustImageAccess2 || supportsNullDescriptor;
+            if (!supportsMaintenance8)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support VK_KHR_maintenance8 " +
+                    "translated shaders using a dynamic texel offset on non-gather image samples will fail.");
+            }
+
+            if (!supportsRobustImageAccess2)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support VK_EXT_robustness2 robustImageAccess2 " +
+                    "translated shaders performing out-of-bounds image access may cause device loss.");
+            }
 
             var swapchainExtension = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("VK_KHR_swapchain");
+            var maintenance8Extension = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("VK_KHR_maintenance8");
+            var robustness2Extension = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("VK_EXT_robustness2");
             try
             {
+                var extensions = stackalloc byte*[3];
+                var extensionCount = 0u;
+                extensions[extensionCount++] = swapchainExtension;
+                if (supportsMaintenance8)
+                {
+                    extensions[extensionCount++] = maintenance8Extension;
+                }
+
+                if (supportsRobustness2)
+                {
+                    extensions[extensionCount++] = robustness2Extension;
+                }
+
+                maintenance8Features.Maintenance8 = supportsMaintenance8;
+                maintenance8Features.PNext = null;
+                robustness2Features.RobustBufferAccess2 =
+                    supportsRobustImageAccess2 && supportedFeatures.RobustBufferAccess;
+                robustness2Features.RobustImageAccess2 = supportsRobustImageAccess2;
+                robustness2Features.NullDescriptor = supportsNullDescriptor;
+                robustness2Features.PNext = supportsMaintenance8 ? &maintenance8Features : null;
+                var features2 = new PhysicalDeviceFeatures2
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.PhysicalDeviceFeatures2,
+                    PNext = supportsRobustness2
+                        ? &robustness2Features
+                        : (supportsMaintenance8 ? &maintenance8Features : null),
+                    Features = enabledFeatures,
+                };
                 var createInfo = new DeviceCreateInfo
                 {
                     SType = StructureType.DeviceCreateInfo,
+                    PNext = &features2,
                     QueueCreateInfoCount = 1,
                     PQueueCreateInfos = &queueInfo,
-                    EnabledExtensionCount = 1,
-                    PpEnabledExtensionNames = &swapchainExtension,
+                    EnabledExtensionCount = extensionCount,
+                    PpEnabledExtensionNames = extensions,
                 };
 
                 Check(_vk.CreateDevice(_physicalDevice, &createInfo, null, out _device), "vkCreateDevice");
@@ -1376,6 +1585,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             finally
             {
                 SilkMarshal.Free((nint)swapchainExtension);
+                SilkMarshal.Free((nint)maintenance8Extension);
+                SilkMarshal.Free((nint)robustness2Extension);
             }
 
             _vk.GetDeviceQueue(_device, _queueFamilyIndex, 0, out _queue);
@@ -1540,6 +1751,39 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     resources.DebugName));
         }
 
+        private void SubmitGuestCommandBufferAndWait(CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            var fenceInfo = new FenceCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.FenceCreateInfo,
+            };
+            Fence fence;
+            Check(
+                _vk.CreateFence(_device, &fenceInfo, null, out fence),
+                "vkCreateFence(guest chunk)");
+            try
+            {
+                var submitInfo = new SubmitInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.SubmitInfo,
+                    CommandBufferCount = 1,
+                    PCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer,
+                };
+                Check(
+                    _vk.QueueSubmit(_queue, 1, &submitInfo, fence),
+                    "vkQueueSubmit(guest chunk)");
+                Check(
+                    _vk.WaitForFences(_device, 1, &fence, true, ulong.MaxValue),
+                    "vkWaitForFences(guest chunk)");
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyFence(_device, fence, null);
+            }
+
+            _vk.FreeCommandBuffers(_device, _commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
+        }
+
         private void EnsureGuestSubmissionCapacity()
         {
             CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
@@ -2524,6 +2768,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 var pipelineInfo = new ComputePipelineCreateInfo
                 {
                     SType = StructureType.ComputePipelineCreateInfo,
+                    Flags = PipelineCreateFlags.CreateDispatchBaseBit,
                     Stage = stage,
                     Layout = resources.PipelineLayout,
                 };
@@ -2573,7 +2818,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     dstSelect: texture.DstSelect,
                     out var view))
             {
-                if (_tracedTextureCacheHits.Add(
+                if (ShouldTraceVulkanResources() &&
+                    _tracedTextureCacheHits.Add(
                         (texture.Address, texture.Width, texture.Height, vkFormat)))
                 {
                     Console.Error.WriteLine(
@@ -2869,9 +3115,13 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
             _vk.UnmapMemory(_device, stagingMemory);
 
+            var supportsAttachmentUsage = !IsBlockCompressedFormat(vkFormat);
             var imageInfo = new ImageCreateInfo
             {
                 SType = StructureType.ImageCreateInfo,
+                Flags = supportsAttachmentUsage
+                    ? ImageCreateFlags.CreateMutableFormatBit | ImageCreateFlags.CreateExtendedUsageBit
+                    : 0,
                 ImageType = ImageType.Type2D,
                 Format = vkFormat,
                 Extent = new Extent3D(width, height, 1),
@@ -2879,7 +3129,13 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 ArrayLayers = 1,
                 Samples = SampleCountFlags.Count1Bit,
                 Tiling = ImageTiling.Optimal,
-                Usage = ImageUsageFlags.TransferDstBit | ImageUsageFlags.SampledBit,
+                Usage = supportsAttachmentUsage
+                    ? ImageUsageFlags.TransferDstBit |
+                      ImageUsageFlags.SampledBit |
+                      ImageUsageFlags.ColorAttachmentBit |
+                      ImageUsageFlags.StorageBit |
+                      ImageUsageFlags.TransferSrcBit
+                    : ImageUsageFlags.TransferDstBit | ImageUsageFlags.SampledBit,
                 SharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
                 InitialLayout = ImageLayout.Undefined,
             };
@@ -3142,7 +3398,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 out var memory);
             var size = (ulong)Math.Max(guestBuffer.Data.Length, sizeof(uint));
 
-            if (_tracedGlobalBuffers.Add((guestBuffer.BaseAddress, guestBuffer.Data.Length)))
+            if (ShouldTraceVulkanResources() &&
+                _tracedGlobalBuffers.Add((guestBuffer.BaseAddress, guestBuffer.Data.Length)))
             {
                 Console.Error.WriteLine(
                     $"[LOADER][TRACE] vk.global_buffer base=0x{guestBuffer.BaseAddress:X16} " +
@@ -3714,6 +3971,12 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 _ => Format.Undefined,
             };
 
+        private static bool IsBlockCompressedFormat(Format format) =>
+            format is Format.BC1RgbaUnormBlock or
+                Format.BC1RgbaSrgbBlock or
+                Format.BC7UnormBlock or
+                Format.BC7SrgbBlock;
+
         private VkBuffer CreateBuffer(
             ulong size,
             BufferUsageFlags usage,
@@ -3767,8 +4030,24 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             throw new InvalidOperationException("No compatible Vulkan host-visible memory type was found.");
         }
 
+        private const uint MaxComputeZSlicesPerSubmission = 8;
+
         private void ExecuteComputeDispatch(VulkanComputeGuestDispatch work)
         {
+            if (_deviceLost)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (AddressListContains("SHARPEMU_SKIP_COMPUTE_CS", work.ShaderAddress))
+            {
+                TraceVulkanShader(
+                    $"vk.compute_skip cs=0x{work.ShaderAddress:X16} " +
+                    $"groups={work.GroupCountX}x{work.GroupCountY}x{work.GroupCountZ} " +
+                    $"textures={work.Textures.Count}");
+                return;
+            }
+
             TranslatedDrawResources? resources = null;
             CommandBuffer commandBuffer = default;
             var submitted = false;
@@ -3776,59 +4055,100 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             {
                 EnsureGuestSubmissionCapacity();
                 resources = CreateComputeDispatchResources(work);
-                commandBuffer = AllocateGuestCommandBuffer();
-                _commandBuffer = commandBuffer;
-                var beginInfo = new CommandBufferBeginInfo
-                {
-                    SType = StructureType.CommandBufferBeginInfo,
-                    Flags = CommandBufferUsageFlags.OneTimeSubmitBit,
-                };
-                Check(
-                    _vk.BeginCommandBuffer(_commandBuffer, &beginInfo),
-                    "vkBeginCommandBuffer(compute)");
 
-                BeginDebugLabel(_commandBuffer, resources.DebugName);
-                RecordTextureUploads(resources, PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit);
-                RecordStorageImagesForWrite(resources, PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit);
-                _vk.CmdBindPipeline(
-                    _commandBuffer,
-                    PipelineBindPoint.Compute,
-                    resources.Pipeline);
-                if (resources.DescriptorSet.Handle != 0)
+                var batchCount = Math.Max(
+                    1u,
+                    (uint)Math.Ceiling(work.GroupCountZ / (double)MaxComputeZSlicesPerSubmission));
+
+                for (var batchIndex = 0u; batchIndex < batchCount; batchIndex++)
                 {
-                    var descriptorSet = resources.DescriptorSet;
-                    _vk.CmdBindDescriptorSets(
+                    var zStart = batchIndex * MaxComputeZSlicesPerSubmission;
+                    var zCount = Math.Min(MaxComputeZSlicesPerSubmission, work.GroupCountZ - zStart);
+                    var isFirstBatch = batchIndex == 0;
+                    var isLastBatch = batchIndex == batchCount - 1;
+
+                    commandBuffer = AllocateGuestCommandBuffer();
+                    _commandBuffer = commandBuffer;
+                    var beginInfo = new CommandBufferBeginInfo
+                    {
+                        SType = StructureType.CommandBufferBeginInfo,
+                        Flags = CommandBufferUsageFlags.OneTimeSubmitBit,
+                    };
+                    Check(
+                        _vk.BeginCommandBuffer(_commandBuffer, &beginInfo),
+                        "vkBeginCommandBuffer(compute)");
+
+                    BeginDebugLabel(_commandBuffer, resources.DebugName);
+                    if (isFirstBatch)
+                    {
+                        RecordTextureUploads(resources, PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit);
+                        RecordStorageImagesForWrite(resources, PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit);
+                    }
+
+                    _vk.CmdBindPipeline(
                         _commandBuffer,
                         PipelineBindPoint.Compute,
-                        resources.PipelineLayout,
-                        0,
-                        1,
-                        &descriptorSet,
-                        0,
-                        null);
+                        resources.Pipeline);
+                    if (resources.DescriptorSet.Handle != 0)
+                    {
+                        var descriptorSet = resources.DescriptorSet;
+                        _vk.CmdBindDescriptorSets(
+                            _commandBuffer,
+                            PipelineBindPoint.Compute,
+                            resources.PipelineLayout,
+                            0,
+                            1,
+                            &descriptorSet,
+                            0,
+                            null);
+                    }
+
+                    RecordChunkedComputeDispatch(_commandBuffer, work, zStart, zCount);
+
+                    if (isLastBatch)
+                    {
+                        RecordStorageImagesForRead(resources, PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit);
+                    }
+
+                    EndDebugLabel(_commandBuffer);
+                    Check(_vk.EndCommandBuffer(_commandBuffer), "vkEndCommandBuffer(compute)");
+
+                    TraceVulkanShader(
+                        $"vk.compute_submit cs=0x{work.ShaderAddress:X16} " +
+                        $"batch={batchIndex}/{batchCount} z={zStart}..{zStart + zCount}");
+                    if (isLastBatch)
+                    {
+                        SubmitGuestCommandBuffer(
+                            commandBuffer,
+                            resources,
+                            GetTraceImages(resources));
+                        submitted = true;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        SubmitGuestCommandBufferAndWait(commandBuffer);
+                        commandBuffer = default;
+                    }
                 }
 
-                RecordChunkedComputeDispatch(_commandBuffer, work);
-                RecordStorageImagesForRead(resources, PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit);
-                EndDebugLabel(_commandBuffer);
-
-                Check(_vk.EndCommandBuffer(_commandBuffer), "vkEndCommandBuffer(compute)");
-                SubmitGuestCommandBuffer(
-                    commandBuffer,
-                    resources,
-                    GetTraceImages(resources));
-                submitted = true;
                 MarkSampledImagesInitialized(resources);
                 MarkStorageImagesInitialized(resources, traceContents: false);
                 TraceVulkanShader(
                     $"vk.compute_dispatch groups={work.GroupCountX}x" +
                     $"{work.GroupCountY}x{work.GroupCountZ} " +
-                    $"textures={work.Textures.Count} cs=0x{work.ShaderAddress:X16}");
+                    $"textures={work.Textures.Count} cs=0x{work.ShaderAddress:X16} " +
+                    $"batches={batchCount}");
             }
             catch (Exception exception)
             {
+                if (TryMarkDeviceLost(exception))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                    $"[LOADER][ERROR] Vulkan compute dispatch failed: {exception.Message}");
+                    $"[LOADER][ERROR] Vulkan compute dispatch failed " +
+                    $"cs=0x{work.ShaderAddress:X16}: {exception.Message}");
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -3851,7 +4171,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
         private void RecordChunkedComputeDispatch(
             CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
-            VulkanComputeGuestDispatch work)
+            VulkanComputeGuestDispatch work,
+            uint zStart,
+            uint zCount)
         {
             const uint maxWorkgroupsPerCommand = 4096;
             var yChunk = Math.Max(
@@ -3861,7 +4183,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     maxWorkgroupsPerCommand / Math.Max(work.GroupCountX, 1u)));
             var commandCount = 0u;
 
-            for (var z = 0u; z < work.GroupCountZ; z++)
+            for (var z = zStart; z < zStart + zCount; z++)
             {
                 for (var y = 0u; y < work.GroupCountY; y += yChunk)
                 {
@@ -3883,12 +4205,17 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 TraceVulkanShader(
                     $"vk.compute_chunked cs=0x{work.ShaderAddress:X16} " +
                     $"groups={work.GroupCountX}x{work.GroupCountY}x{work.GroupCountZ} " +
-                    $"commands={commandCount} y_chunk={yChunk}");
+                    $"z_range={zStart}..{zStart + zCount} commands={commandCount} y_chunk={yChunk}");
             }
         }
 
         private void ExecuteOffscreenDraw(VulkanOffscreenGuestDraw work)
         {
+            if (_deviceLost)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
             var format = GetRenderTargetFormat(work.Target.Format, work.Target.NumberType);
             if (format == Format.Undefined)
             {
@@ -4046,6 +4373,11 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
             catch (Exception exception)
             {
+                if (TryMarkDeviceLost(exception))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 if (!_guestImages.TryGetValue(work.Target.Address, out var failedTarget) ||
                     !failedTarget.Initialized)
                 {
@@ -4091,6 +4423,23 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     existing.MipLevels == mipLevels &&
                     existing.Format == format)
                 {
+                    if (existing.RenderPass.Handle == 0)
+                    {
+                        var attachmentView = existing.MipViews.Length > 0
+                            ? existing.MipViews[0]
+                            : existing.View;
+                        var (promotedRenderPass, promotedFramebuffer) = CreateRenderPassAndFramebuffer(
+                            existing.Format,
+                            attachmentView,
+                            existing.Width,
+                            existing.Height);
+                        existing.RenderPass = promotedRenderPass;
+                        existing.Framebuffer = promotedFramebuffer;
+                        var promotedName = GuestImageDebugName(target, format);
+                        SetDebugName(ObjectType.RenderPass, promotedRenderPass.Handle, $"{promotedName} renderpass");
+                        SetDebugName(ObjectType.Framebuffer, promotedFramebuffer.Handle, $"{promotedName} framebuffer");
+                    }
+
                     return existing;
                 }
 
@@ -4171,6 +4520,48 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 mipViews[mipLevel] = mipView;
             }
 
+            var (renderPass, framebuffer) = CreateRenderPassAndFramebuffer(
+                format,
+                mipViews[0],
+                target.Width,
+                target.Height);
+
+            var resource = new GuestImageResource
+            {
+                Address = target.Address,
+                Width = target.Width,
+                Height = target.Height,
+                MipLevels = mipLevels,
+                Format = format,
+                Image = image,
+                Memory = memory,
+                View = view,
+                MipViews = mipViews,
+                RenderPass = renderPass,
+                Framebuffer = framebuffer,
+            };
+            var debugName = GuestImageDebugName(target, format);
+            SetDebugName(ObjectType.Image, image.Handle, $"{debugName} image");
+            SetDebugName(ObjectType.ImageView, view.Handle, $"{debugName} view");
+            for (var mipLevel = 0; mipLevel < mipViews.Length; mipLevel++)
+            {
+                SetDebugName(
+                    ObjectType.ImageView,
+                    mipViews[mipLevel].Handle,
+                    $"{debugName} mip{mipLevel}");
+            }
+            SetDebugName(ObjectType.RenderPass, renderPass.Handle, $"{debugName} renderpass");
+            SetDebugName(ObjectType.Framebuffer, framebuffer.Handle, $"{debugName} framebuffer");
+            _guestImages.Add(target.Address, resource);
+            return resource;
+        }
+
+        private (RenderPass RenderPass, Framebuffer Framebuffer) CreateRenderPassAndFramebuffer(
+            Format format,
+            ImageView attachmentView,
+            uint width,
+            uint height)
+        {
             var colorAttachment = new AttachmentDescription
             {
                 Format = format,
@@ -4205,49 +4596,22 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 _vk.CreateRenderPass(_device, &renderPassInfo, null, out var renderPass),
                 "vkCreateRenderPass(offscreen)");
 
-            var attachment = mipViews[0];
+            var attachment = attachmentView;
             var framebufferInfo = new FramebufferCreateInfo
             {
                 SType = StructureType.FramebufferCreateInfo,
                 RenderPass = renderPass,
                 AttachmentCount = 1,
                 PAttachments = &attachment,
-                Width = target.Width,
-                Height = target.Height,
+                Width = width,
+                Height = height,
                 Layers = 1,
             };
             Check(
                 _vk.CreateFramebuffer(_device, &framebufferInfo, null, out var framebuffer),
                 "vkCreateFramebuffer(offscreen)");
 
-            var resource = new GuestImageResource
-            {
-                Address = target.Address,
-                Width = target.Width,
-                Height = target.Height,
-                MipLevels = mipLevels,
-                Format = format,
-                Image = image,
-                Memory = memory,
-                View = view,
-                MipViews = mipViews,
-                RenderPass = renderPass,
-                Framebuffer = framebuffer,
-            };
-            var debugName = GuestImageDebugName(target, format);
-            SetDebugName(ObjectType.Image, image.Handle, $"{debugName} image");
-            SetDebugName(ObjectType.ImageView, view.Handle, $"{debugName} view");
-            for (var mipLevel = 0; mipLevel < mipViews.Length; mipLevel++)
-            {
-                SetDebugName(
-                    ObjectType.ImageView,
-                    mipViews[mipLevel].Handle,
-                    $"{debugName} mip{mipLevel}");
-            }
-            SetDebugName(ObjectType.RenderPass, renderPass.Handle, $"{debugName} renderpass");
-            SetDebugName(ObjectType.Framebuffer, framebuffer.Handle, $"{debugName} framebuffer");
-            _guestImages.Add(target.Address, resource);
-            return resource;
+            return (renderPass, framebuffer);
         }
 
         private static uint ClampMipLevels(uint width, uint height, uint requestedMipLevels)
@@ -4469,7 +4833,10 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
 
             _commandBuffer = _presentationCommandBuffer;
-            CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
+            if (!_deviceLost)
+            {
+                CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
+            }
 
             var completedWork = 0;
             while (completedWork < MaxGuestWorkPerRender &&
@@ -5327,6 +5694,12 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                    string.Equals(mode, "present", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
         }
 
+        private static bool ShouldTraceVulkanResources() =>
+            string.Equals(
+                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_VK_RESOURCES"),
+                "1",
+                StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
         private void RecordTranslatedGraphicsPass(
             TranslatedDrawResources resources,
             RenderPass renderPass,
@@ -5956,6 +6329,10 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 return;
             }
 
+            if (_debugUtils is not null && _debugMessenger.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _debugUtils.DestroyDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, _debugMessenger, null);
+            }
             _vulkanReady = false;
             _vk.DeviceWaitIdle(_device);
             CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
@@ -6158,6 +6535,25 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
         }
 
+        private bool TryMarkDeviceLost(Exception exception)
+        {
+            if (!exception.Message.Contains(nameof(Result.ErrorDeviceLost), StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            _deviceLost = true;
+            if (!_deviceLostLogged)
+            {
+                _deviceLostLogged = true;
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][ERROR] Vulkan device lost; dropping subsequent guest GPU work. " +
+                    exception.Message);
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
         private static void TraceVulkanShader(string message)
         {
             if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AGC"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&

src/SharpEmu.Libs/packages.lock.json

@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@
           "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": {
+        "type": "Direct",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "+Oth189ksRiL6HvGCwIdnsYHawqrbO8y49u1H61z3wsfcHhQZeVDYe/wF5LD7fk3NcdgDvwFD3mLm1QWhdZySw==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
         "type": "Direct",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",