[memory] Host memory allocation issue fixed

- Enable VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics/FragmentStoresAndAtomics:
  fixes vkCreateGraphicsPipelines() rejecting guestBuffers storage
  descriptor as NonWritable in vertex/fragment stages.
- Enable ShaderInt64: fixes vkCreateShaderModule() rejecting SPIR-V
  using 64-bit integer capability.
- Query GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures first and only enable what the GPU
  actually reports as supported, with a warning fallback otherwise.

Also adds optional Vulkan Validation Layers (SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION=1)
to surface these VUID errors during development instead of silent
VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST.

.gitignore

@@ -37,5 +37,3 @@ packages/
 Thumbs.db
 Desktop.ini
 ehthumbs.db
-
-.vs/

Directory.Packages.props

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!--
+<!--
 Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 -->
@@ -7,16 +7,10 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="11.3.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Fonts.Inter" Version="11.3.18" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Themes.Fluent" Version="11.3.18" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Iced" Version="1.21.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" Version="2.23.0" />
-    <!-- Transitive of Avalonia.Desktop; pinned to fix GHSA-xrw6-gwf8-vvr9 -->
-    <PackageVersion Include="Tmds.DBus.Protocol" Version="0.21.3" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

SharpEmu.slnx

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   <Folder Name="/src/">
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Core/SharpEmu.Core.csproj" />
-    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.GUI/SharpEmu.GUI.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.HLE/SharpEmu.HLE.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Logging/SharpEmu.Logging.csproj" />

global.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
     "sdk": {
         "version": "10.0.103",
-        "rollForward": "latestFeature"
+        "rollForward": "disable"
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.CLI/Program.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.Core.Runtime;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;
-using SharpEmu.GUI;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Logging;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -25,44 +24,12 @@ internal static partial class Program
     private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_CET_USER_SHADOW_STACKS_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 28;
     private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 32;
     private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_XTENDED_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 40;
-    private const int ATTACH_PARENT_PROCESS = -1;
-    private const int STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11;
-    private const int STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12;
-    private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
-    private const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
-    private const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
-    private const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
-    private const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
 
-    [STAThread]
     private static int Main(string[] args)
     {
-        try
-        {
-            return Run(args);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            SharpEmuLog.Shutdown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static int Run(string[] args)
-    {
-        args = NormalizeInternalArguments(args, out var isMitigatedChild);
-        if (args.Length == 0 && !isMitigatedChild)
-        {
-            // No arguments: open the desktop frontend. Any argument selects
-            // the classic CLI behavior below.
-            return GuiLauncher.Run();
-        }
-
-        // The executable uses the GUI subsystem, so CLI mode has to connect
-        // itself to a console before the first write.
-        EnsureCliConsole();
-
         Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] SharpEmu starting with {args.Length} args");
 
+        args = NormalizeInternalArguments(args, out var isMitigatedChild);
         if (!isMitigatedChild && TryRunMitigatedChild(args, out var childExitCode))
         {
             return childExitCode;
@@ -78,7 +45,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
 
         ebootPath = Path.GetFullPath(ebootPath);
         Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DEBUG] Full path: {ebootPath}");
-
+        
         if (!File.Exists(ebootPath))
         {
             Log.Error($"EBOOT file was not found: {ebootPath}");
@@ -134,58 +101,6 @@ internal static partial class Program
         return result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK ? 0 : 4;
     }
 
-    private static void EnsureCliConsole()
-    {
-        if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Standard handles already provided (pipes or file redirection, e.g.
-        // when the GUI or a script launches us): use them as-is.
-        if (IsHandleValid(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)) && IsHandleValid(GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Prefer the console of the parent process (interactive terminal);
-        // create one only when started with arguments but no terminal at all
-        // (e.g. a shortcut), so usage and errors remain visible.
-        if (!AttachConsole(ATTACH_PARENT_PROCESS) && GetConsoleWindow() == 0)
-        {
-            _ = AllocConsole();
-        }
-
-        RebindStdHandleToConsole(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
-        RebindStdHandleToConsole(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
-    }
-
-    private static void RebindStdHandleToConsole(int stdHandle)
-    {
-        if (IsHandleValid(GetStdHandle(stdHandle)) || GetConsoleWindow() == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var conOut = CreateFileW(
-            "CONOUT$",
-            GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
-            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
-            0,
-            OPEN_EXISTING,
-            0,
-            0);
-        if (IsHandleValid(conOut))
-        {
-            _ = SetStdHandle(stdHandle, conOut);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static bool IsHandleValid(nint handle)
-    {
-        return handle != 0 && handle != -1;
-    }
-
     private static string[] NormalizeInternalArguments(string[] args, out bool isMitigatedChild)
     {
         isMitigatedChild = false;
@@ -755,32 +670,4 @@ internal static partial class Program
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
     [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
     private static extern bool CloseHandle(nint handle);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
-    private static extern nint GetConsoleWindow();
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool AttachConsole(int processId);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool AllocConsole();
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    private static extern nint GetStdHandle(int stdHandle);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool SetStdHandle(int stdHandle, nint handle);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateFileW", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    private static extern nint CreateFileW(
-        string fileName,
-        uint desiredAccess,
-        uint shareMode,
-        nint securityAttributes,
-        uint creationDisposition,
-        uint flagsAndAttributes,
-        nint templateFile);
 }

src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj

@@ -7,19 +7,16 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.Core\SharpEmu.Core.csproj" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.GUI\SharpEmu.GUI.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.Logging\SharpEmu.Logging.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <!-- GUI subsystem so starting without arguments opens the frontend with no
-         console window; CLI mode re-attaches to the parent terminal's console. -->
-    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <AssemblyName>SharpEmu</AssemblyName>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;linux-x64;osx-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
     <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <PublishSingleFile>true</PublishSingleFile>
-    <IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>true</IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>
+    <!-- <IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>true</IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract> -->
     <EnableCompressionInSingleFile>true</EnableCompressionInSingleFile>
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
@@ -38,10 +35,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <Win32Icon>..\..\assets\images\SharpEmu.ico</Win32Icon>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  
   <ItemGroup>
     <Content Include="..\..\LICENSE.txt">
       <CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
@@ -50,17 +43,4 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     </Content>
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <!-- Keep glfw as a loose file next to the executable; every other native
-       library is embedded into the single-file bundle. -->
-  <Target Name="KeepGlfwOutsideSingleFile" AfterTargets="ComputeResolvedFilesToPublishList">
-    <ItemGroup>
-      <_GlfwPublishFiles Include="@(ResolvedFileToPublish)"
-                         Condition="$([System.String]::Copy('%(ResolvedFileToPublish.Filename)').StartsWith('glfw'))" />
-      <ResolvedFileToPublish Remove="@(_GlfwPublishFiles)" />
-      <ResolvedFileToPublish Include="@(_GlfwPublishFiles)">
-        <ExcludeFromSingleFile>true</ExcludeFromSingleFile>
-      </ResolvedFileToPublish>
-    </ItemGroup>
-  </Target>
-
 </Project>

src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json

@@ -4,108 +4,9 @@
     "net10.0": {
       "Microsoft.NET.ILLink.Tasks": {
         "type": "Direct",
-        "requested": "[10.0.9, )",
-        "resolved": "10.0.9",
-        "contentHash": "4Iw41e2h7I4t70SJcX2GCmbyKJIlA273Cfm9RJMM050/3VBejGAG1KcthP5Z2L6SQcbfbf6BhNWO26+ZG+GzMg=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
-        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.BuildServices": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.2",
-        "contentHash": "qHDToxto1e3hci5YqbG9n0Ty8mlp3zBUN5wT66wKqaDVzXyQ0do3EnRILd4Ke9jpvsktaPpgE0YjEk7hornryQ=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.FreeDesktop": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "aUwv8BNruRUOaUfMu4U3uibIUS60/rSHgGOhd8zBkLkpxY3JFJvgRbeq5ZzHIyKXCuKi18PO00YHAgCarp3wdw==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
-          "Tmds.DBus.Protocol": "0.21.3"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Native": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Remote.Protocol": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "vw+6ZfgTuu72dA9aVWn6u56t2nrBd5MoMU0wo/qI9XJAl/c0oYYphIvwLvJP1JorubQY4UE3d0ac8ULBhrGBiA=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Skia": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "/B4aXmNRNjG8I5U/a1xJI+bIi0XO6DDzS3mBrIKlVnJRY2CyZiUeESRQXLnIU77Z9TvqkUROs+D47s085YjFtA==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
-          "HarfBuzzSharp": "8.3.1.1",
-          "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": "8.3.1.1",
-          "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": "8.3.1.1",
-          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9",
-          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": "2.88.9",
-          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "eioUHkM2PeLPETd1aEks3rvb9plbba6buIrNdrqCpwE/qgHKUjvRNBd5mUQfAbGgTLiAes524gB8uUMDhrsJVQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": "2.1.25547.20250602"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.X11": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "m4Ki/G5Dovnq+6QzfS0iGbK8V77Q6oTjToMLOB0CxPCCrl3Oxywh6kIjuGJDPaN6kopMmjxlNShyQf+vPYL+JA==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.FreeDesktop": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.Skia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "tLZN66oe/uiRPTZfrCU4i8ScVGwqHNh5MHrXj0yVf4l7Mz0FhTGnQ71RGySROTmdognAs0JtluHkL41pIabWuQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": "8.3.1.1",
-          "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": "8.3.1.1"
-        }
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "3EZ1mpIiKWRLL5hUYA82ZHteeDIVaEA/Z0rA/wU6tjx6crcAkJnBPwDXZugBSfo8+J3EznvRJf49uMsqYfKrHg=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "jbtCsgftcaFLCA13tVKo5iWdElJScrulLTKJre36O4YQTIlwDtPPqhRZNk+Y0vv4D1gxbscasGRucUDfS44ofQ=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "loJweK2u/mH/3C2zBa0ggJlITIszOkK64HLAZB7FUT670dTg965whLFYHDQo69NmC4+d9UN0icLC9VHidXaVCA=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "UsJtQsfAJoFDZrXc4hCUfRPMqccfKZ0iumJ/upcUjz/cmsTgVFGNEL5yaJWmkqsuFYdMWbj/En5/kS4PFl9hBA=="
-      },
-      "MicroCom.Runtime": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "0.11.0",
-        "contentHash": "MEnrZ3UIiH40hjzMDsxrTyi8dtqB5ziv3iBeeU4bXsL/7NLSal9F1lZKpK+tfBRnUoDSdtcW3KufE4yhATOMCA=="
+        "requested": "[10.0.3, )",
+        "resolved": "10.0.3",
+        "contentHash": "0B6nZyCHWXnvmlB559oduOspVdNOnpNXPjhpWVMovLPAsDVG7A4jJR9rzECf67JUzxP8/ee/wA8clwIzJcWNFA=="
       },
       "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": {
         "type": "Transitive",
@@ -158,38 +59,6 @@
           "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0"
         }
       },
-      "SkiaSharp": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "3MD5VHjXXieSHCleRLuaTXmL2pD0mB7CcOB1x2kA1I4bhptf4e3R27iM93264ZYuAq6mkUyX5XbcxnZvMJYc1Q==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": "2.88.9",
-          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "kt06RccBHSnAs2wDYdBSfsjIDbY3EpsOVqnlDgKdgvyuRA8ZFDaHRdWNx1VHjGgYzmnFCGiTJBnXFl5BqGwGnA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
-      },
       "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
         "type": "Transitive",
         "resolved": "3.4.0",
@@ -204,16 +73,6 @@
           "SharpEmu.Logging": "[1.0.0, )"
         }
       },
-      "sharpemu.gui": {
-        "type": "Project",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "[11.3.18, )",
-          "Avalonia.Desktop": "[11.3.18, )",
-          "Avalonia.Fonts.Inter": "[11.3.18, )",
-          "Avalonia.Themes.Fluent": "[11.3.18, )",
-          "Tmds.DBus.Protocol": "[0.21.3, )"
-        }
-      },
       "sharpemu.hle": {
         "type": "Project"
       },
@@ -230,48 +89,6 @@
       "sharpemu.logging": {
         "type": "Project"
       },
-      "Avalonia": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[11.3.18, )",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "2C4UxhWUObWGgYKWic1x5BMMWGJP6SElb91WeOxs+X/iR26rtkqpxFFwwo50FXS9AyYnHfk8QKXDEfe7oT/kZA==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia.BuildServices": "11.3.2",
-          "Avalonia.Remote.Protocol": "11.3.18",
-          "MicroCom.Runtime": "0.11.0"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Desktop": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[11.3.18, )",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "bilMPa5vYiis6fbNovb6esKytBnOCEGojBa1XFegLCRHCP6g6PvZwS0XF/YOAGkENRlHG8dI7lohOpQ9bIkq1g==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.Native": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.Skia": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.Win32": "11.3.18",
-          "Avalonia.X11": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Fonts.Inter": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[11.3.18, )",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "27u6hB3Y2Ue586yjfeVakberY73VNQXtuKwe/P927XG1QPlhsfmOyifLHDDpSHG85Zl1x/Xv9IZ3+tk9FnjcZQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Themes.Fluent": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[11.3.18, )",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "+Q/TJoynD0zNuu5w2gD+xcTl7GNKJFxlPYAndRLs/mTDrNbbsvv/271WyIysbMPsXSjCyBDp7RCZzQkpD6x5Bg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
       "Iced": {
         "type": "CentralTransitive",
         "requested": "[1.21.0, )",
@@ -316,61 +133,9 @@
           "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0",
           "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": "2.23.0"
         }
-      },
-      "Tmds.DBus.Protocol": {
-        "type": "CentralTransitive",
-        "requested": "[0.21.3, )",
-        "resolved": "0.21.3",
-        "contentHash": "hDwB8WsQoyALQKqIbwzS68UKdlnafDm4T/DkO/JrA/YIneP/rKv96SxYPVXeh3FP4i/SXfShrYftKLtciJAIlw=="
       }
     },
     "net10.0/linux-x64": {
-      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
-        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Native": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "3EZ1mpIiKWRLL5hUYA82ZHteeDIVaEA/Z0rA/wU6tjx6crcAkJnBPwDXZugBSfo8+J3EznvRJf49uMsqYfKrHg=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "jbtCsgftcaFLCA13tVKo5iWdElJScrulLTKJre36O4YQTIlwDtPPqhRZNk+Y0vv4D1gxbscasGRucUDfS44ofQ=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "UsJtQsfAJoFDZrXc4hCUfRPMqccfKZ0iumJ/upcUjz/cmsTgVFGNEL5yaJWmkqsuFYdMWbj/En5/kS4PFl9hBA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
-      },
       "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
         "type": "Transitive",
         "resolved": "3.4.0",
@@ -378,52 +143,6 @@
       }
     },
     "net10.0/osx-arm64": {
-      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
-        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Native": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "3EZ1mpIiKWRLL5hUYA82ZHteeDIVaEA/Z0rA/wU6tjx6crcAkJnBPwDXZugBSfo8+J3EznvRJf49uMsqYfKrHg=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "jbtCsgftcaFLCA13tVKo5iWdElJScrulLTKJre36O4YQTIlwDtPPqhRZNk+Y0vv4D1gxbscasGRucUDfS44ofQ=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "UsJtQsfAJoFDZrXc4hCUfRPMqccfKZ0iumJ/upcUjz/cmsTgVFGNEL5yaJWmkqsuFYdMWbj/En5/kS4PFl9hBA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
-      },
       "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
         "type": "Transitive",
         "resolved": "3.4.0",
@@ -431,52 +150,6 @@
       }
     },
     "net10.0/win-x64": {
-      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
-        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
-      },
-      "Avalonia.Native": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "11.3.18",
-        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
-        }
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "3EZ1mpIiKWRLL5hUYA82ZHteeDIVaEA/Z0rA/wU6tjx6crcAkJnBPwDXZugBSfo8+J3EznvRJf49uMsqYfKrHg=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "jbtCsgftcaFLCA13tVKo5iWdElJScrulLTKJre36O4YQTIlwDtPPqhRZNk+Y0vv4D1gxbscasGRucUDfS44ofQ=="
-      },
-      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
-        "contentHash": "UsJtQsfAJoFDZrXc4hCUfRPMqccfKZ0iumJ/upcUjz/cmsTgVFGNEL5yaJWmkqsuFYdMWbj/En5/kS4PFl9hBA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
-      },
       "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
         "type": "Transitive",
         "resolved": "3.4.0",
@@ -484,4 +157,4 @@
       }
     }
   }
-}
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/CpuDispatcher.cs

@@ -7,14 +7,11 @@ using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.Logging;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu;
 
 public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
 {
-    private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("Dispatcher");
-
     private enum EntryFrameKind
     {
         ProcessEntry,
@@ -83,8 +80,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
         string processImageName = "eboot.bin",
         CpuExecutionOptions executionOptions = default)
     {
-        Log.Debug("=== DispatchEntry START ===");
-        Log.Debug($"entryPoint=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[DISPATCHER] === DispatchEntry START ===");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] entryPoint=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}");
 
         try
         {
@@ -92,7 +89,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            Log.Critical($"FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchEntry: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}", ex);
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchEntry: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] Stack trace: {ex.StackTrace}");
             throw;
         }
     }
@@ -105,8 +103,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
         string moduleName = "module",
         CpuExecutionOptions executionOptions = default)
     {
-        Log.Debug("=== DispatchModuleInitializer START ===");
-        Log.Debug($"moduleInit=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}, module={moduleName}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[DISPATCHER] === DispatchModuleInitializer START ===");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] moduleInit=0x{entryPoint:X16}, generation={generation}, module={moduleName}");
 
         try
         {
@@ -121,7 +119,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            Log.Critical($"FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchModuleInitializer: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}", ex);
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] FATAL EXCEPTION in DispatchModuleInitializer: {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] Stack trace: {ex.StackTrace}");
             throw;
         }
     }
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
         CpuExecutionOptions executionOptions = default,
         EntryFrameKind frameKind = EntryFrameKind.ProcessEntry)
     {
-        Log.Debug("DispatchEntryCore STARTING...");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[DISPATCHER] DispatchEntryCore STARTING...");
 
         LastEntryPoint = entryPoint;
         LastTrapInfo = null;
@@ -307,7 +306,7 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
             LastMilestoneLog,
             Environment.NewLine,
             $"CpuEngine native-only failed: {backendError}");
-        Log.Error($"Native backend FAILED: {backendError}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[DISPATCHER] Native backend FAILED: {backendError}");
         return FailEarly(
             OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
             CpuExitReason.NativeBackendUnavailable);
@@ -416,8 +415,8 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
 
         const ulong entryParamsSize = 0x20;
         var entryParamsAddress = AlignDown(argv0Address - entryParamsSize, 16);
-        if (!context.TryWriteUInt32(entryParamsAddress + 0x00, 1) ||
-            !context.TryWriteUInt32(entryParamsAddress + 0x04, 0) ||
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(context, entryParamsAddress + 0x00, 1) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(context, entryParamsAddress + 0x04, 0) ||
             !context.TryWriteUInt64(entryParamsAddress + 0x08, argv0Address) ||
             !context.TryWriteUInt64(entryParamsAddress + 0x10, 0) ||
             !context.TryWriteUInt64(entryParamsAddress + 0x18, 0))
@@ -457,6 +456,13 @@ public sealed class CpuDispatcher : ICpuDispatcher, IDisposable
         return value & ~(alignment - 1);
     }
 
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext context, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return context.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
     private static string BuildEntryFrameDiagnostic(
         ulong entryPoint,
         CpuContext context,

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Imports.cs

@@ -358,21 +358,12 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 					}
 					orbisGen2Result = (OrbisGen2Result)returnValue;
 				}
-                else if (importStubEntry.Export is { } mismatchedExport)
-                {
-                    dispatchResolved = true;
-                    orbisGen2Result = OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
-                    cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)orbisGen2Result);
-                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                        $"[LOADER][WARN] Import#{num} not implemented for generation {cpuContext.TargetGeneration}: " +
-                        $"nid={importStubEntry.Nid} targets={mismatchedExport.Target} ret=0x{num7:X16}");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    dispatchResolved = false;
-                    orbisGen2Result = OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-                    cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)orbisGen2Result);
-                }
+				else
+				{
+					dispatchResolved = false;
+					orbisGen2Result = OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+					cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)orbisGen2Result);
+				}
 			}
 			finally
 			{

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.cs

@@ -1679,14 +1679,10 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 			ptr2[num++] = 65;
 			ptr2[num++] = 95;
 			ptr2[num++] = 195;
-		uint num2 = default(uint);
-		if (!VirtualProtect(ptr, 192u, 32u, &num2))
-		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] VirtualProtect failed for import dispatch stub at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}");
-			return 0;
-		}
-		FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, 192u);
-		return (nint)ptr;
+			uint num2 = default(uint);
+			VirtualProtect(ptr, 192u, 32u, &num2);
+			FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, 192u);
+			return (nint)ptr;
 		}
 		catch
 		{
@@ -1767,11 +1763,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 		tlsHandlerAddress[num++] = 195;
 		_tlsPatchStubOffset = (num + 15) & ~15;
 		uint num2 = default(uint);
-		if (!VirtualProtect((void*)_tlsHandlerAddress, TlsHandlerRegionSize, 32u, &num2))
-		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] VirtualProtect failed for TLS handler at 0x{_tlsHandlerAddress:X16}");
-			return;
-		}
+		VirtualProtect((void*)_tlsHandlerAddress, TlsHandlerRegionSize, 32u, &num2);
 		FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), (void*)_tlsHandlerAddress, TlsHandlerRegionSize);
 		Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] TLS handler at 0x{_tlsHandlerAddress:X16}");
 	}
@@ -1792,11 +1784,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 			ptr2[i] = 144;
 		}
 		uint num = default(uint);
-		if (!VirtualProtect(ptr, 4096u, 32u, &num))
-		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] VirtualProtect failed for unresolved return stub at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}");
-			return 0;
-		}
+		VirtualProtect(ptr, 4096u, 32u, &num);
 		FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, 16u);
 		return (nint)ptr;
 	}
@@ -1843,11 +1831,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 		EmitByte(code, ref offset, 0xC3);
 
 		uint oldProtect = default;
-		if (!VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 32u, &oldProtect))
-		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] VirtualProtect failed for guest return stub at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}");
-			return 0;
-		}
+		VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 32u, &oldProtect);
 		FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, (nuint)offset);
 		return (nint)ptr;
 	}
@@ -1939,11 +1923,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 		*(int*)(code + guestRestoreJump) = restoreOffset - (guestRestoreJump + sizeof(int));
 
 		uint oldProtect = default;
-		if (!VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 32u, &oldProtect))
-		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] VirtualProtect failed for exception handler trampoline at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}");
-			return 0;
-		}
+		VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 32u, &oldProtect);
 		FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, (nuint)offset);
 		return (nint)ptr;
 	}
@@ -2274,11 +2254,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 			ptr[num2++] = 144;
 		}
 		uint flNewProtect = default(uint);
-		if (!VirtualProtect((void*)num, 32u, 32u, &flNewProtect))
-		{
-			Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] VirtualProtect failed for TLS store helper at 0x{num:X16}");
-			return 0;
-		}
+		VirtualProtect((void*)num, 32u, 32u, &flNewProtect);
 		FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), (void*)num, 32u);
 		return num;
 	}
@@ -3615,11 +3591,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				return GuestNativeCallExitReason.Exception;
 			}
 			uint oldProtect = default(uint);
-			if (!VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 64u, &oldProtect))
-			{
-				reason = $"VirtualProtect failed for guest thread entry stub at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}";
-				return GuestNativeCallExitReason.Exception;
-			}
+			VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 64u, &oldProtect);
 			FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, stubSize);
 			TlsSetValue(_hostRspSlotTlsIndex, (nint)hostRspSlot);
 			ActiveGuestThreadYieldRequested = false;
@@ -3756,11 +3728,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				return GuestNativeCallExitReason.Exception;
 			}
 			uint oldProtect = default(uint);
-			if (!VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 64u, &oldProtect))
-			{
-				reason = $"VirtualProtect failed for guest continuation stub at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}";
-				return GuestNativeCallExitReason.Exception;
-			}
+			VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 64u, &oldProtect);
 			FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, stubSize);
 			TlsSetValue(_hostRspSlotTlsIndex, (nint)hostRspSlot);
 			ActiveGuestThreadYieldRequested = false;
@@ -4020,12 +3988,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				return false;
 			}
 			uint num5 = default(uint);
-			if (!VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 64u, &num5))
-			{
-				LastError = $"VirtualProtect failed for guest entry stub at 0x{(nint)ptr:X16}";
-				result = OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-				return false;
-			}
+			VirtualProtect(ptr, stubSize, 64u, &num5);
 			FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), ptr, stubSize);
 			if (_hostRspSlotStorage != 0)
 			{

src/SharpEmu.Core/Memory/PhysicalVirtualMemory.cs

@@ -4,14 +4,11 @@
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
-using SharpEmu.Logging;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 
 public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryAllocator, IDisposable
 {
-    private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("VMEM");
-
     private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _gate = new(LockRecursionPolicy.SupportsRecursion);
     private readonly object _guestAllocationGate = new();
     private readonly object _allocationSearchHintGate = new();
@@ -58,11 +55,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
     private static extern nuint VirtualQuery(void* lpAddress, out MemoryBasicInformation64 lpBuffer, nuint dwLength);
 
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
-    private static extern void* GetCurrentProcess();
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool FlushInstructionCache(void* hProcess, void* lpBaseAddress, nuint dwSize);
+    private static extern void FlushInstructionCache(void* hProcess, void* lpBaseAddress, nuint dwSize);
 
     public bool TryAllocateAtExact(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, bool executable, out ulong actualAddress)
     {
@@ -458,7 +451,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
         if ((flags & ProgramHeaderFlags.Execute) != 0)
         {
-            FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), (void*)address, (nuint)size);
+            FlushInstructionCache(null, (void*)address, (nuint)size);
         }
     }
 
@@ -706,7 +699,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 VirtualProtect(destPtr, (nuint)source.Length, oldProtect, out _);
                 if (IsExecutableProtection(oldProtect))
                 {
-                    FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), destPtr, (nuint)source.Length);
+                    FlushInstructionCache(null, destPtr, (nuint)source.Length);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1055,7 +1048,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
             return;
         }
 
-        Log.Debug(message);
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[VMEM] {message}");
     }
 
     public void Dispose()

src/SharpEmu.Core/Runtime/SharpEmuRuntime.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.AppContent;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.SaveData;
-using SharpEmu.Logging;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -21,8 +20,6 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Core.Runtime;
 
 public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
 {
-    private static readonly SharpEmuLogger Log = SharpEmuLog.For("Runtime");
-
     private readonly record struct LoadedModuleImage(string Path, SelfImage Image);
 
     private static readonly HashSet<string> PreloadSkipModules = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
     {
         var normalizedEbootPath = Path.GetFullPath(ebootPath);
         using var app0Binding = BindApp0Root(normalizedEbootPath);
-        Log.Info($"Loading: {ebootPath}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Loading: {ebootPath}");
         LastExecutionDiagnostics = null;
         LastExecutionTrace = null;
         LastSessionSummary = null;
@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
         SaveDataExports.ConfigureApplicationInfo(image.TitleId);
         RegisterLoadedModule(normalizedEbootPath, image, isMain: true, isSystemModule: false);
         KernelRuntimeCompatExports.ConfigureProcessProcParamAddress(image.ProcParamAddress);
-        Log.Info($"Entry: 0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Entry: 0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");
         var generation = image.ElfHeader.AbiVersion == 2 ? Generation.Gen5 : Generation.Gen4;
         var activeImportStubs = new Dictionary<ulong, string>(image.ImportStubs);
         var activeRuntimeSymbols = new Dictionary<string, ulong>(image.RuntimeSymbols, StringComparer.Ordinal);
@@ -166,7 +163,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             processImageName);
         if (initializerResult is { } failedInitializerResult)
         {
-            Log.Error($"Initializer dispatch failed: {failedInitializerResult}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Initializer dispatch failed: {failedInitializerResult}");
             LastExecutionTrace = _cpuDispatcher.LastImportResolutionTrace;
             LastMilestoneLog = _cpuDispatcher.LastMilestoneLog;
             LastSessionSummary = BuildSessionSummary(_cpuDispatcher.LastSessionSummary);
@@ -174,8 +171,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             return failedInitializerResult;
         }
 
-        Log.Info($"Dispatching, gen: {generation}");
-        Log.Debug($"About to call DispatchEntry with entryPoint=0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Dispatching, gen: {generation}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] About to call DispatchEntry with entryPoint=0x{image.EntryPoint:X16}");
 
         var result = _cpuDispatcher.DispatchEntry(
             image.EntryPoint,
@@ -185,8 +182,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             processImageName,
             _cpuExecutionOptions);
 
-        Log.Info($"DispatchEntry returned: {result}");
-        Log.Info($"Dispatch result: {result}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] DispatchEntry returned: {result}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Dispatch result: {result}");
         LastExecutionTrace = _cpuDispatcher.LastImportResolutionTrace;
         LastMilestoneLog = _cpuDispatcher.LastMilestoneLog;
         LastSessionSummary = BuildSessionSummary(_cpuDispatcher.LastSessionSummary);
@@ -437,8 +434,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
                 moduleName = $"module#{i}";
             }
 
-            Log.Info(
-                $"Starting module {moduleName}: dt_init=0x{initEntryPoint:X16}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[RUNTIME] Starting module {moduleName}: dt_init=0x{initEntryPoint:X16}");
 
             var result = _cpuDispatcher.DispatchModuleInitializer(
                 initEntryPoint,
@@ -449,8 +446,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
                 _cpuExecutionOptions);
             if (result != OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
             {
-                Log.Error(
-                    $"Module start failed: {moduleName} -> {result}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[RUNTIME] Module start failed: {moduleName} -> {result}");
                 return result;
             }
         }
@@ -471,8 +468,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             return null;
         }
 
-        Log.Info(
-            $"Running initializers for {label}: preinit={image.PreInitializerFunctions.Count}, init={image.InitializerFunctions.Count}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[RUNTIME] Running initializers for {label}: preinit={image.PreInitializerFunctions.Count}, init={image.InitializerFunctions.Count}");
 
         var result = RunInitializerList(
             $"{label}:preinit",
@@ -511,8 +508,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
                 continue;
             }
 
-            Log.Debug(
-                $"  Initializer {label}[{i}] -> 0x{initializerAddress:X16}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[RUNTIME]   Initializer {label}[{i}] -> 0x{initializerAddress:X16}");
 
             var result = _cpuDispatcher.DispatchEntry(
                 initializerAddress,
@@ -580,7 +577,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             .ToArray();
         if (skippedModules.Length > 0)
         {
-            Log.Info($"Skipping {skippedModules.Length} core module(s): {string.Join(", ", skippedModules)}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Skipping {skippedModules.Length} core module(s): {string.Join(", ", skippedModules)}");
         }
 
         if (modulePaths.Length == 0)
@@ -588,8 +585,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             return loadedImages;
         }
 
-        Log.Debug($"Module search directories: {string.Join(", ", moduleDirectories)}");
-        Log.Info($"Loading {modulePaths.Length} module(s)...");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Module search directories: {string.Join(", ", moduleDirectories)}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Loading {modulePaths.Length} module(s)...");
         var loadedModules = 0;
         var failedModules = 0;
         var mergedImportCount = 0;
@@ -624,18 +621,18 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
                 loadedImages.Add(new LoadedModuleImage(modulePath, moduleImage));
                 loadedModules++;
 
-                Log.Info(
-                    $"Loaded module {Path.GetFileName(modulePath)}: entry=0x{moduleImage.EntryPoint:X16}, imports={moduleImage.ImportStubs.Count}, symbols={moduleImage.RuntimeSymbols.Count}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[RUNTIME] Loaded module {Path.GetFileName(modulePath)}: entry=0x{moduleImage.EntryPoint:X16}, imports={moduleImage.ImportStubs.Count}, symbols={moduleImage.RuntimeSymbols.Count}");
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
                 failedModules++;
-                Log.Error($"Module load failed: {modulePath} ({ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message})", ex);
+                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[RUNTIME] Module load failed: {modulePath} ({ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message})");
             }
         }
 
-        Log.Info(
-            $"Module preload summary: loaded={loadedModules}, failed={failedModules}, merged_imports={mergedImportCount}, merged_symbols={mergedSymbolCount}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[RUNTIME] Module preload summary: loaded={loadedModules}, failed={failedModules}, merged_imports={mergedImportCount}, merged_symbols={mergedSymbolCount}");
         return loadedImages;
     }
 
@@ -655,8 +652,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
 
         if (rebound != 0 || unresolved != 0)
         {
-            Log.Info(
-                $"Imported data rebind: rebound={rebound}, unresolved={unresolved}");
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[RUNTIME] Imported data rebind: rebound={rebound}, unresolved={unresolved}");
         }
     }
 
@@ -688,8 +685,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             {
                 if (logRebind)
                 {
-                    Log.Warning(
-                        $"Imported data unresolved: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} addend=0x{unchecked((ulong)relocation.Addend):X16}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[RUNTIME] Imported data unresolved: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} addend=0x{unchecked((ulong)relocation.Addend):X16}");
                 }
 
                 unresolved++;
@@ -701,8 +698,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             {
                 if (logRebind)
                 {
-                    Log.Error(
-                        $"Imported data write-failed: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[RUNTIME] Imported data write-failed: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
                 }
 
                 unresolved++;
@@ -711,8 +708,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
 
             if (logRebind)
             {
-                Log.Debug(
-                    $"Imported data rebound: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[RUNTIME] Imported data rebound: nid={relocation.Nid} target=0x{relocation.TargetAddress:X16} value=0x{reboundValue:X16}");
             }
 
             rebound++;
@@ -748,8 +745,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             {
                 if (!string.Equals(existingNid, nid, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                 {
-                    Log.Warning(
-                        $"Import stub conflict at 0x{address:X16}: keep={existingNid}, skip={nid} ({Path.GetFileName(modulePath)})");
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                        $"[RUNTIME] Import stub conflict at 0x{address:X16}: keep={existingNid}, skip={nid} ({Path.GetFileName(modulePath)})");
                 }
 
                 continue;
@@ -858,8 +855,8 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
             image.EntryPoint,
             isMain,
             isSystemModule);
-        Log.Info(
-            $"Registered module handle={handle} name={Path.GetFileName(modulePath)} base=0x{baseAddress:X16} size=0x{size:X16}");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[RUNTIME] Registered module handle={handle} name={Path.GetFileName(modulePath)} base=0x{baseAddress:X16} size=0x{size:X16}");
     }
 
     private static bool TryComputeImageRange(SelfImage image, out ulong baseAddress, out ulong size)

src/SharpEmu.Core/SharpEmu.Core.csproj

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!--
+<!--
 Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 -->
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <PackageReference Include="Iced" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
   <PropertyGroup>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>

src/SharpEmu.GUI/App.axaml

@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
--->
-
-<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
-             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
-             x:Class="SharpEmu.GUI.App"
-             RequestedThemeVariant="Dark">
-
-  <Application.Resources>
-    <Color x:Key="SystemAccentColor">#7C5CFC</Color>
-
-    <LinearGradientBrush x:Key="BgBrush" StartPoint="0%,0%" EndPoint="100%,100%">
-      <GradientStop Offset="0" Color="#12151F" />
-      <GradientStop Offset="0.55" Color="#0D1017" />
-      <GradientStop Offset="1" Color="#0B0D14" />
-    </LinearGradientBrush>
-
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="ChromeBrush" Color="#090C12" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="CardBrush" Color="#141924" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="CardBorderBrush" Color="#232B3A" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="ElevatedBrush" Color="#1B2230" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="TextBrush" Color="#E8ECF4" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="MutedBrush" Color="#8B94A7" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="FaintBrush" Color="#5A6478" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="AccentBrush" Color="#7C5CFC" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="AccentHoverBrush" Color="#8F73FF" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="DangerBrush" Color="#E5484D" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="DangerHoverBrush" Color="#F2555A" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="SuccessBrush" Color="#46C46B" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="TileHoverBrush" Color="#1A2130" />
-    <SolidColorBrush x:Key="TileSelectedBrush" Color="#212A3F" />
-  </Application.Resources>
-
-  <Application.Styles>
-    <FluentTheme />
-
-    <Style Selector="Window">
-      <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Inter, Segoe UI, sans-serif" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="Border.card">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource CardBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="12" />
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="16" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="Border.pill">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ElevatedBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="999" />
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10,3" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="TextBlock.sectionTitle">
-      <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="11" />
-      <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="SemiBold" />
-      <Setter Property="LetterSpacing" Value="1.5" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="TextBlock.fieldLabel">
-      <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="12" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,0,0,6" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="TextBox">
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="8" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="Button.accent">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource AccentBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White" />
-      <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="SemiBold" />
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="22,10" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="8" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="Button.accent:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource AccentHoverBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="Button.danger">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource DangerBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White" />
-      <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="SemiBold" />
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="22,10" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="8" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="Button.danger:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource DangerHoverBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="Button.ghost">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="12,7" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="8" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="Button.ghost:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ElevatedBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="ToggleButton.ghost">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="12,7" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="8" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ToggleButton.ghost:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ElevatedBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ToggleButton.ghost:checked /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ElevatedBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource AccentBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="ContextMenu">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource CardBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="10" />
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="6" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ContextMenu MenuItem">
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10,7" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="7" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ContextMenu Separator">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="Height" Value="1" />
-      <Setter Property="Margin" Value="8,4" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="ListBox.console">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="#0B0E14" />
-      <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Cascadia Mono, Consolas, Courier New, monospace" />
-      <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="12" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ListBox.console ListBoxItem">
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10,1" />
-      <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="0" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <!-- Cover-art library grid -->
-    <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem">
-      <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10" />
-      <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5" />
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="14" />
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Transparent" />
-      <Setter Property="RenderTransform" Value="translateY(0px)" />
-      <Setter Property="Transitions">
-        <Transitions>
-          <TransformOperationsTransition Property="RenderTransform" Duration="0:0:0.12" />
-        </Transitions>
-      </Setter>
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover">
-      <Setter Property="RenderTransform" Value="translateY(-3px)" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource TileHoverBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource TileSelectedBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource AccentBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="ListBox.tileGrid ListBoxItem:selected:pointerover /template/ ContentPresenter#PART_ContentPresenter">
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource TileSelectedBrush}" />
-      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource AccentHoverBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-
-    <Style Selector="Border.coverShadow">
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="10" />
-      <Setter Property="BoxShadow" Value="0 6 14 0 #55000000" />
-    </Style>
-    <Style Selector="Border.coverClip">
-      <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="10" />
-      <Setter Property="ClipToBounds" Value="True" />
-      <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ElevatedBrush}" />
-    </Style>
-  </Application.Styles>
-
-</Application>

src/SharpEmu.GUI/App.axaml.cs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using Avalonia;
-using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
-using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
-
-public partial class App : Application
-{
-    public override void Initialize()
-    {
-        AvaloniaXamlLoader.Load(this);
-    }
-
-    public override void OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted()
-    {
-        if (ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
-        {
-            desktop.MainWindow = new MainWindow();
-        }
-
-        base.OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted();
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/EmulatorProcess.cs

@@ -1,645 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using System.Text;
-using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Launches the SharpEmu CLI as a child process with the same CET/CFG mitigation
-/// opt-outs the CLI would apply to its own relaunched child, while capturing
-/// stdout/stderr through pipes. The CLI's internal relaunch is suppressed via
-/// SHARPEMU_DISABLE_MITIGATION_RELAUNCH so output is not lost to a detached
-/// console. A kill-on-close job object ties the emulator's lifetime to the GUI.
-/// </summary>
-internal sealed class EmulatorProcess : IDisposable
-{
-    private const uint EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT = 0x00080000;
-    private const uint CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x08000000;
-    private const int STARTF_USESTDHANDLES = 0x00000100;
-    private const uint HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT = 0x00000001;
-    private const uint INFINITE = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-    private const int PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_MITIGATION_POLICY = 0x00020007;
-    private const uint JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE = 0x00002000;
-    private const int JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation = 9;
-    private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 40;
-    private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_CET_USER_SHADOW_STACKS_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 28;
-    private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 32;
-    private const ulong PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_XTENDED_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF = 0x00000002UL << 40;
-
-    private readonly object _sync = new();
-    private nint _processHandle;
-    private nint _jobHandle;
-    private Process? _fallbackProcess;
-    private bool _running;
-    private bool _disposed;
-
-    public event Action<string, bool>? OutputReceived;
-
-    public event Action<int>? Exited;
-
-    public bool IsRunning
-    {
-        get
-        {
-            lock (_sync)
-            {
-                return _running;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void Start(string exePath, IReadOnlyList<string> arguments, string? workingDirectory)
-    {
-        lock (_sync)
-        {
-            ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf(_disposed, this);
-            if (_running)
-            {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("The emulator process is already running.");
-            }
-
-            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
-            {
-                StartWindows(exePath, arguments, workingDirectory);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                StartFallback(exePath, arguments, workingDirectory);
-            }
-
-            _running = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void Stop()
-    {
-        lock (_sync)
-        {
-            if (!_running)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (_processHandle != 0)
-            {
-                _ = TerminateProcess(_processHandle, 1);
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                _fallbackProcess?.Kill(entireProcessTree: true);
-            }
-            catch (InvalidOperationException)
-            {
-                // Already exited.
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        lock (_sync)
-        {
-            if (_disposed)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _disposed = true;
-        }
-
-        Stop();
-    }
-
-    private void StartWindows(string exePath, IReadOnlyList<string> arguments, string? workingDirectory)
-    {
-        // The CLI would otherwise relaunch itself into a mitigated child whose
-        // console output cannot flow through our pipes.
-        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DISABLE_MITIGATION_RELAUNCH", "1");
-
-        var securityAttributes = new SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
-        {
-            nLength = Marshal.SizeOf<SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES>(),
-            bInheritHandle = 1,
-        };
-
-        if (!CreatePipe(out var stdoutRead, out var stdoutWrite, ref securityAttributes, 0) ||
-            !CreatePipe(out var stderrRead, out var stderrWrite, ref securityAttributes, 0))
-        {
-            throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(), "Failed to create output pipes.");
-        }
-
-        _ = SetHandleInformation(stdoutRead, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0);
-        _ = SetHandleInformation(stderrRead, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0);
-
-        var startupInfoEx = new STARTUPINFOEX();
-        startupInfoEx.StartupInfo.cb = Marshal.SizeOf<STARTUPINFOEX>();
-        startupInfoEx.StartupInfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
-        startupInfoEx.StartupInfo.hStdOutput = stdoutWrite;
-        startupInfoEx.StartupInfo.hStdError = stderrWrite;
-
-        nint attributeList = 0;
-        nint mitigationPolicies = 0;
-        try
-        {
-            nuint attributeListSize = 0;
-            _ = InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(0, 1, 0, ref attributeListSize);
-            attributeList = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((nint)attributeListSize);
-            if (!InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(attributeList, 1, 0, ref attributeListSize))
-            {
-                throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(), "Failed to initialize the process attribute list.");
-            }
-
-            startupInfoEx.lpAttributeList = attributeList;
-
-            var policy1 = PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF;
-            var policy2 =
-                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_CET_USER_SHADOW_STACKS_ALWAYS_OFF |
-                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_USER_CET_SET_CONTEXT_IP_VALIDATION_ALWAYS_OFF |
-                PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_XTENDED_CONTROL_FLOW_GUARD_ALWAYS_OFF;
-
-            mitigationPolicies = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sizeof(ulong) * 2);
-            Marshal.WriteInt64(mitigationPolicies, unchecked((long)policy1));
-            Marshal.WriteInt64(nint.Add(mitigationPolicies, sizeof(long)), unchecked((long)policy2));
-
-            if (!UpdateProcThreadAttribute(
-                attributeList,
-                0,
-                PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_MITIGATION_POLICY,
-                mitigationPolicies,
-                (nuint)(sizeof(ulong) * 2),
-                0,
-                0))
-            {
-                throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(), "Failed to apply the mitigation policy.");
-            }
-
-            var currentDirectory = workingDirectory ?? Environment.CurrentDirectory;
-            var created = CreateProcessW(
-                exePath,
-                new StringBuilder(BuildCommandLine(exePath, arguments)),
-                0,
-                0,
-                true,
-                EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT | CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
-                0,
-                currentDirectory,
-                ref startupInfoEx,
-                out var processInfo);
-
-            if (!created)
-            {
-                // Some mitigation policy bits (e.g. XFG) are not supported on
-                // older Windows builds. Mirror the CLI's behavior and fall back
-                // to launching without the mitigation attribute list.
-                startupInfoEx.lpAttributeList = 0;
-                created = CreateProcessW(
-                    exePath,
-                    new StringBuilder(BuildCommandLine(exePath, arguments)),
-                    0,
-                    0,
-                    true,
-                    CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
-                    0,
-                    currentDirectory,
-                    ref startupInfoEx,
-                    out processInfo);
-            }
-
-            if (!created)
-            {
-                var error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
-                throw new Win32Exception(error, $"Failed to start '{exePath}' (Win32 error {error}: {new Win32Exception(error).Message}).");
-            }
-
-            CloseHandle(processInfo.hThread);
-            _processHandle = processInfo.hProcess;
-
-            _jobHandle = CreateJobObjectW(0, null);
-            if (_jobHandle != 0 &&
-                (!TryEnableKillOnJobClose(_jobHandle) || !AssignProcessToJobObject(_jobHandle, processInfo.hProcess)))
-            {
-                CloseHandle(_jobHandle);
-                _jobHandle = 0;
-            }
-
-            StartReaderThread(stdoutRead, isError: false);
-            StartReaderThread(stderrRead, isError: true);
-            StartExitWatcherThread();
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            CloseHandle(stdoutRead);
-            CloseHandle(stderrRead);
-            throw;
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            // The child owns duplicated pipe write ends; closing ours lets the
-            // readers observe EOF when the child exits.
-            CloseHandle(stdoutWrite);
-            CloseHandle(stderrWrite);
-
-            if (attributeList != 0)
-            {
-                DeleteProcThreadAttributeList(attributeList);
-                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(attributeList);
-            }
-
-            if (mitigationPolicies != 0)
-            {
-                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(mitigationPolicies);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void StartFallback(string exePath, IReadOnlyList<string> arguments, string? workingDirectory)
-    {
-        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
-        {
-            FileName = exePath,
-            WorkingDirectory = workingDirectory ?? Environment.CurrentDirectory,
-            UseShellExecute = false,
-            CreateNoWindow = true,
-            RedirectStandardOutput = true,
-            RedirectStandardError = true,
-        };
-        foreach (var argument in arguments)
-        {
-            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(argument);
-        }
-
-        var process = new Process { StartInfo = startInfo, EnableRaisingEvents = true };
-        process.OutputDataReceived += (_, e) =>
-        {
-            if (e.Data is not null)
-            {
-                OutputReceived?.Invoke(e.Data, false);
-            }
-        };
-        process.ErrorDataReceived += (_, e) =>
-        {
-            if (e.Data is not null)
-            {
-                OutputReceived?.Invoke(e.Data, true);
-            }
-        };
-        process.Exited += (_, _) =>
-        {
-            int exitCode;
-            try
-            {
-                exitCode = process.ExitCode;
-            }
-            catch (InvalidOperationException)
-            {
-                exitCode = -1;
-            }
-
-            OnExited(exitCode);
-        };
-
-        process.Start();
-        process.BeginOutputReadLine();
-        process.BeginErrorReadLine();
-        _fallbackProcess = process;
-    }
-
-    private void StartReaderThread(nint readHandle, bool isError)
-    {
-        var thread = new Thread(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new FileStream(new SafeFileHandle(readHandle, ownsHandle: true), FileAccess.Read);
-            using var reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
-            try
-            {
-                while (reader.ReadLine() is { } line)
-                {
-                    OutputReceived?.Invoke(line, isError);
-                }
-            }
-            catch (IOException)
-            {
-                // Pipe broken on process teardown.
-            }
-        })
-        {
-            IsBackground = true,
-            Name = isError ? "SharpEmu stderr reader" : "SharpEmu stdout reader",
-        };
-        thread.Start();
-    }
-
-    private void StartExitWatcherThread()
-    {
-        var processHandle = _processHandle;
-        var thread = new Thread(() =>
-        {
-            _ = WaitForSingleObject(processHandle, INFINITE);
-            var exitCode = GetExitCodeProcess(processHandle, out var rawExitCode)
-                ? unchecked((int)rawExitCode)
-                : -1;
-            OnExited(exitCode);
-        })
-        {
-            IsBackground = true,
-            Name = "SharpEmu exit watcher",
-        };
-        thread.Start();
-    }
-
-    private void OnExited(int exitCode)
-    {
-        lock (_sync)
-        {
-            if (!_running)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _running = false;
-            if (_processHandle != 0)
-            {
-                CloseHandle(_processHandle);
-                _processHandle = 0;
-            }
-
-            if (_jobHandle != 0)
-            {
-                CloseHandle(_jobHandle);
-                _jobHandle = 0;
-            }
-
-            _fallbackProcess?.Dispose();
-            _fallbackProcess = null;
-        }
-
-        Exited?.Invoke(exitCode);
-    }
-
-    private static bool TryEnableKillOnJobClose(nint jobHandle)
-    {
-        var extendedLimitInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
-        {
-            BasicLimitInformation = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
-            {
-                LimitFlags = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE,
-            },
-        };
-
-        var size = Marshal.SizeOf<JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION>();
-        var memory = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
-        try
-        {
-            Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedLimitInfo, memory, false);
-            return SetInformationJobObject(
-                jobHandle,
-                JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
-                memory,
-                unchecked((uint)size));
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(memory);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static string BuildCommandLine(string processPath, IReadOnlyList<string> args)
-    {
-        var builder = new StringBuilder();
-        builder.Append(QuoteArgument(processPath));
-        for (var i = 0; i < args.Count; i++)
-        {
-            builder.Append(' ');
-            builder.Append(QuoteArgument(args[i]));
-        }
-
-        return builder.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private static string QuoteArgument(string argument)
-    {
-        if (argument.Length == 0)
-        {
-            return "\"\"";
-        }
-
-        var needsQuotes = false;
-        foreach (var c in argument)
-        {
-            if (char.IsWhiteSpace(c) || c == '"')
-            {
-                needsQuotes = true;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!needsQuotes)
-        {
-            return argument;
-        }
-
-        var builder = new StringBuilder(argument.Length + 2);
-        builder.Append('"');
-
-        var backslashCount = 0;
-        foreach (var c in argument)
-        {
-            if (c == '\\')
-            {
-                backslashCount++;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (c == '"')
-            {
-                builder.Append('\\', (backslashCount * 2) + 1);
-                builder.Append('"');
-                backslashCount = 0;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (backslashCount > 0)
-            {
-                builder.Append('\\', backslashCount);
-                backslashCount = 0;
-            }
-
-            builder.Append(c);
-        }
-
-        if (backslashCount > 0)
-        {
-            builder.Append('\\', backslashCount * 2);
-        }
-
-        builder.Append('"');
-        return builder.ToString();
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    private struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
-    {
-        public int nLength;
-        public nint lpSecurityDescriptor;
-        public int bInheritHandle;
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    private struct STARTUPINFO
-    {
-        public int cb;
-        public nint lpReserved;
-        public nint lpDesktop;
-        public nint lpTitle;
-        public int dwX;
-        public int dwY;
-        public int dwXSize;
-        public int dwYSize;
-        public int dwXCountChars;
-        public int dwYCountChars;
-        public int dwFillAttribute;
-        public int dwFlags;
-        public short wShowWindow;
-        public short cbReserved2;
-        public nint lpReserved2;
-        public nint hStdInput;
-        public nint hStdOutput;
-        public nint hStdError;
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    private struct STARTUPINFOEX
-    {
-        public STARTUPINFO StartupInfo;
-        public nint lpAttributeList;
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    private struct PROCESS_INFORMATION
-    {
-        public nint hProcess;
-        public nint hThread;
-        public int dwProcessId;
-        public int dwThreadId;
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    private struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
-    {
-        public long PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
-        public long PerJobUserTimeLimit;
-        public uint LimitFlags;
-        public nuint MinimumWorkingSetSize;
-        public nuint MaximumWorkingSetSize;
-        public uint ActiveProcessLimit;
-        public nint Affinity;
-        public uint PriorityClass;
-        public uint SchedulingClass;
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    private struct IO_COUNTERS
-    {
-        public ulong ReadOperationCount;
-        public ulong WriteOperationCount;
-        public ulong OtherOperationCount;
-        public ulong ReadTransferCount;
-        public ulong WriteTransferCount;
-        public ulong OtherTransferCount;
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    private struct JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
-    {
-        public JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimitInformation;
-        public IO_COUNTERS IoInfo;
-        public nuint ProcessMemoryLimit;
-        public nuint JobMemoryLimit;
-        public nuint PeakProcessMemoryUsed;
-        public nuint PeakJobMemoryUsed;
-    }
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool CreatePipe(
-        out nint hReadPipe,
-        out nint hWritePipe,
-        ref SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpPipeAttributes,
-        uint nSize);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool SetHandleInformation(nint hObject, uint dwMask, uint dwFlags);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(
-        nint lpAttributeList,
-        int dwAttributeCount,
-        int dwFlags,
-        ref nuint lpSize);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool UpdateProcThreadAttribute(
-        nint lpAttributeList,
-        uint dwFlags,
-        nint attribute,
-        nint lpValue,
-        nuint cbSize,
-        nint lpPreviousValue,
-        nint lpReturnSize);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
-    private static extern void DeleteProcThreadAttributeList(nint lpAttributeList);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateJobObjectW", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    private static extern nint CreateJobObjectW(nint lpJobAttributes, string? lpName);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(
-        nint hJob,
-        int jobObjectInfoClass,
-        nint lpJobObjectInfo,
-        uint cbJobObjectInfoLength);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(nint hJob, nint hProcess);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateProcessW", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool CreateProcessW(
-        string applicationName,
-        StringBuilder commandLine,
-        nint processAttributes,
-        nint threadAttributes,
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool inheritHandles,
-        uint creationFlags,
-        nint environment,
-        string currentDirectory,
-        ref STARTUPINFOEX startupInfo,
-        out PROCESS_INFORMATION processInformation);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    private static extern uint WaitForSingleObject(nint handle, uint milliseconds);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool GetExitCodeProcess(nint process, out uint exitCode);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool TerminateProcess(nint process, uint exitCode);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool CloseHandle(nint handle);
-}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GameEntry.cs

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.ComponentModel;
-using Avalonia;
-using Avalonia.Media;
-using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
-
-public sealed class GameEntry : INotifyPropertyChanged
-{
-    // Placeholder gradients for games without cover art, picked
-    // deterministically from the game name so a game keeps its color.
-    private static readonly (Color Start, Color End)[] PlaceholderPalette =
-    {
-        (Color.Parse("#5B4B8A"), Color.Parse("#2C2A4A")),
-        (Color.Parse("#1F6E8C"), Color.Parse("#173B45")),
-        (Color.Parse("#7A4069"), Color.Parse("#3B1C32")),
-        (Color.Parse("#2D6A4F"), Color.Parse("#1B3A2B")),
-        (Color.Parse("#8C5425"), Color.Parse("#4A2B12")),
-        (Color.Parse("#4F6D9E"), Color.Parse("#263349")),
-        (Color.Parse("#8A4B4B"), Color.Parse("#3F2222")),
-        (Color.Parse("#3E7C7B"), Color.Parse("#1E3D3C")),
-    };
-
-    private Bitmap? _cover;
-    private IBrush? _placeholderBrush;
-    private long _sizeBytes;
-
-    public GameEntry(
-        string name, string? titleId, string path, long sizeBytes, string? coverPath, string? backgroundPath)
-    {
-        Name = name;
-        TitleId = titleId;
-        Path = path;
-        _sizeBytes = sizeBytes;
-        CoverPath = coverPath;
-        BackgroundPath = backgroundPath;
-        Initials = ComputeInitials(name);
-    }
-
-    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
-
-    public string Name { get; }
-
-    public string? TitleId { get; }
-
-    public string Path { get; }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Total size of the game. Initially the eboot's own size from the scan;
-    /// replaced with the full install folder size once computed in the
-    /// background.
-    /// </summary>
-    public long SizeBytes
-    {
-        get => _sizeBytes;
-        set
-        {
-            if (_sizeBytes == value)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _sizeBytes = value;
-            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(SizeBytes)));
-            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(Detail)));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Path to the cover art image shipped with the game, if found.</summary>
-    public string? CoverPath { get; }
-
-    /// <summary>Path to the key art (pic0/pic1) shipped with the game, if found.</summary>
-    public string? BackgroundPath { get; }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Decoded key art used as the window backdrop while this game is
-    /// selected. Loaded on demand and cached; not exposed via binding.
-    /// </summary>
-    public Bitmap? Background { get; set; }
-
-    public string Initials { get; }
-
-    // Built lazily: brushes are AvaloniaObjects that must be created on the
-    // UI thread, while GameEntry itself is constructed on the scan thread.
-    public IBrush PlaceholderBrush => _placeholderBrush ??= BuildPlaceholderBrush(Name);
-
-    /// <summary>Decoded cover art; loaded asynchronously after the library scan.</summary>
-    public Bitmap? Cover
-    {
-        get => _cover;
-        set
-        {
-            if (ReferenceEquals(_cover, value))
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _cover = value;
-            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(Cover)));
-            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(HasCover)));
-        }
-    }
-
-    public bool HasCover => _cover is not null;
-
-    public string Detail => TitleId is not null
-        ? $"{TitleId}  •  {FormatSize(SizeBytes)}"
-        : FormatSize(SizeBytes);
-
-    private static string ComputeInitials(string name)
-    {
-        var initials = name
-            .Split(' ', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries)
-            .Where(word => char.IsLetterOrDigit(word[0]))
-            .Select(word => char.ToUpperInvariant(word[0]))
-            .Take(2)
-            .ToArray();
-
-        return initials.Length > 0 ? new string(initials) : "?";
-    }
-
-    private static IBrush BuildPlaceholderBrush(string name)
-    {
-        var hash = 0;
-        foreach (var ch in name)
-        {
-            hash = unchecked(hash * 31 + ch);
-        }
-
-        var (start, end) = PlaceholderPalette[(int)((uint)hash % PlaceholderPalette.Length)];
-        return new LinearGradientBrush
-        {
-            StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
-            EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
-            GradientStops =
-            {
-                new GradientStop(start, 0),
-                new GradientStop(end, 1),
-            },
-        };
-    }
-
-    private static string FormatSize(long bytes)
-    {
-        return bytes switch
-        {
-            >= 1L << 30 => $"{bytes / (double)(1L << 30):0.0} GiB",
-            >= 1L << 20 => $"{bytes / (double)(1L << 20):0.0} MiB",
-            >= 1L << 10 => $"{bytes / (double)(1L << 10):0.0} KiB",
-            _ => $"{bytes} B",
-        };
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GuiLauncher.cs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using Avalonia;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Entry point for the desktop frontend, hosted by the SharpEmu executable
-/// when it is started without command-line arguments.
-/// </summary>
-public static class GuiLauncher
-{
-    public static int Run()
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            BuildAvaloniaApp().StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(Array.Empty<string>());
-            return 0;
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            WriteCrashLog(ex);
-            throw;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp()
-        => AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
-            .UsePlatformDetect()
-            .WithInterFont()
-            .LogToTrace();
-
-    private static void WriteCrashLog(Exception ex)
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            File.AppendAllText(
-                Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "gui-crash.log"),
-                $"[{DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] {ex}{Environment.NewLine}{Environment.NewLine}");
-        }
-        catch (Exception)
-        {
-            // Crash logging is best-effort.
-        }
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GuiSettings.cs

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Text.Json;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
-
-public sealed class GuiSettings
-{
-    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
-    {
-        WriteIndented = true,
-    };
-
-    public List<string> GameFolders { get; set; } = new();
-
-    /// <summary>Eboot paths hidden from the library via "Remove from library".</summary>
-    public List<string> ExcludedGames { get; set; } = new();
-
-    public string LogLevel { get; set; } = "Info";
-
-    public int ImportTraceLimit { get; set; }
-
-    public bool StrictDynlibResolution { get; set; }
-
-    public string? EmulatorPath { get; set; }
-
-    // The emulator is portable and keeps its data next to the executable;
-    // the GUI follows the same convention.
-    public static string SettingsPath => Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "gui-settings.json");
-
-    public static GuiSettings Load()
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            if (File.Exists(SettingsPath))
-            {
-                var json = File.ReadAllText(SettingsPath);
-                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<GuiSettings>(json, SerializerOptions) ?? new GuiSettings();
-            }
-        }
-        catch (Exception)
-        {
-            // Corrupt or unreadable settings fall back to defaults.
-        }
-
-        return new GuiSettings();
-    }
-
-    public void Save()
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(SettingsPath);
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(directory))
-            {
-                Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
-            }
-
-            File.WriteAllText(SettingsPath, JsonSerializer.Serialize(this, SerializerOptions));
-        }
-        catch (Exception)
-        {
-            // Settings persistence is best-effort.
-        }
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.GUI/LogLine.cs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using Avalonia.Media;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.GUI;
-
-public sealed record LogLine(string Text, IBrush Brush);

src/SharpEmu.GUI/MainWindow.axaml

@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
--->
-
-<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
-        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
-        x:Class="SharpEmu.GUI.MainWindow"
-        Title="SharpEmu"
-        Width="1280" Height="820"
-        MinWidth="980" MinHeight="640"
-        WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"
-        Background="{StaticResource BgBrush}"
-        ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsHint="True"
-        ExtendClientAreaChromeHints="PreferSystemChrome"
-        ExtendClientAreaTitleBarHeightHint="44"
-        Icon="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/SharpEmu.ico">
-
-  <Grid RowDefinitions="44,*,32">
-
-    <!-- Selected-game backdrop: key art behind the main content, dimmed by
-         a scrim so tiles and text stay readable. Fades on selection. -->
-    <Panel Grid.Row="1" ClipToBounds="True">
-      <Image x:Name="BackdropImage" Stretch="UniformToFill" Opacity="0"
-             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-        <Image.Transitions>
-          <Transitions>
-            <DoubleTransition Property="Opacity" Duration="0:0:0.35" />
-          </Transitions>
-        </Image.Transitions>
-      </Image>
-      <Border>
-        <Border.Background>
-          <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0%,0%" EndPoint="0%,100%">
-            <GradientStop Offset="0" Color="#730D1017" />
-            <GradientStop Offset="0.55" Color="#BF0D1017" />
-            <GradientStop Offset="1" Color="#EB0D1017" />
-          </LinearGradientBrush>
-        </Border.Background>
-      </Border>
-    </Panel>
-
-    <!-- Title bar -->
-    <Grid x:Name="TitleBar" Grid.Row="0" Background="{StaticResource ChromeBrush}">
-      <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10" Margin="16,0" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-        <Image Source="avares://SharpEmu.GUI/Assets/SharpEmu.ico" Width="20" Height="20"
-               RenderOptions.BitmapInterpolationMode="HighQuality" />
-        <TextBlock Text="SharpEmu" FontSize="14" FontWeight="SemiBold" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-        <Border Classes="pill">
-          <TextBlock x:Name="VersionText" Text="v0.0.1" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-        </Border>
-      </StackPanel>
-    </Grid>
-
-    <!-- Main content -->
-    <Grid Grid.Row="1" Margin="18,14,18,14" RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto,Auto">
-
-      <!-- Library toolbar -->
-      <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="Auto,Auto,*,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto" Margin="6,0,6,12">
-        <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="Library" FontSize="22" FontWeight="Bold" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-        <Border Grid.Column="1" Classes="pill" Margin="12,2,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-          <TextBlock x:Name="GameCountText" Text="0 games" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" />
-        </Border>
-        <TextBox Grid.Column="3" x:Name="SearchBox" Watermark="Search library…" Width="280"
-                 VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,12,0" />
-        <Button Grid.Column="4" x:Name="AddFolderButton" Classes="ghost" Content="＋ Add folder"
-                VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
-        <Button Grid.Column="5" x:Name="RescanButton" Classes="ghost" Content="⟳ Rescan"
-                VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
-        <Button Grid.Column="6" x:Name="OpenFileButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Open file…"
-                VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-      </Grid>
-
-      <!-- Cover-art grid -->
-      <Panel Grid.Row="1">
-        <ListBox x:Name="GameList" Classes="tileGrid" Background="Transparent"
-                 SelectionMode="Single" Padding="0">
-          <ListBox.ContextMenu>
-            <ContextMenu x:Name="GameContextMenu" Placement="Pointer">
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxLaunch" Header="Launch" FontWeight="SemiBold">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="▶" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource AccentHoverBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxOpenFolder" Header="Open game folder">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="📂" FontSize="12" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <Separator />
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxCopyPath" Header="Copy path">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="⧉" FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxCopyTitleId" Header="Copy title ID">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="⧉" FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-              <Separator />
-              <MenuItem x:Name="CtxRemove" Header="Remove from library"
-                        Foreground="{StaticResource DangerHoverBrush}">
-                <MenuItem.Icon>
-                  <TextBlock Text="✕" FontSize="12" Foreground="{StaticResource DangerHoverBrush}"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </MenuItem.Icon>
-              </MenuItem>
-            </ContextMenu>
-          </ListBox.ContextMenu>
-          <ListBox.ItemsPanel>
-            <ItemsPanelTemplate>
-              <WrapPanel />
-            </ItemsPanelTemplate>
-          </ListBox.ItemsPanel>
-          <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
-            <DataTemplate>
-              <StackPanel Width="128" Height="186" Spacing="7">
-                <Border Classes="coverShadow" Width="128" Height="128">
-                  <Border Classes="coverClip">
-                    <Panel>
-                      <Border Background="{Binding PlaceholderBrush}" IsVisible="{Binding !HasCover}">
-                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Initials}" FontSize="36" FontWeight="Bold"
-                                   Foreground="#E8ECF4" Opacity="0.85"
-                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                      </Border>
-                      <Image Source="{Binding Cover}" Stretch="UniformToFill" IsVisible="{Binding HasCover}" />
-                    </Panel>
-                  </Border>
-                </Border>
-                <StackPanel Spacing="2">
-                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="13" FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                             TextWrapping="Wrap" MaxLines="2" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Detail}" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                             TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-                </StackPanel>
-              </StackPanel>
-            </DataTemplate>
-          </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
-        </ListBox>
-
-        <!-- Empty state -->
-        <StackPanel x:Name="EmptyState" Spacing="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                    IsVisible="False">
-          <TextBlock Text="🎮" FontSize="44" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Opacity="0.7" />
-          <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateTitle" Text="Your library is empty" FontSize="18" FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                     HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
-          <TextBlock x:Name="EmptyStateHint" Text="Add a folder containing your games to get started."
-                     FontSize="13" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />
-          <Button x:Name="EmptyAddFolderButton" Classes="accent" Content="＋ Add game folder"
-                  HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,8,0,0" />
-        </StackPanel>
-      </Panel>
-
-      <!-- Console (collapsible) -->
-      <Border Grid.Row="2" x:Name="ConsolePanel" Classes="card" Padding="0" Height="240"
-              Margin="0,12,0,0" IsVisible="False">
-        <Grid RowDefinitions="Auto,*">
-          <Grid Grid.Row="0" ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto,Auto,Auto" Margin="16,12,16,8">
-            <TextBlock Classes="sectionTitle" Text="CONSOLE" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-            <CheckBox Grid.Column="1" x:Name="AutoScrollCheck" Content="Auto-scroll" IsChecked="True"
-                      FontSize="12" Margin="0,0,12,0" />
-            <Button Grid.Column="2" x:Name="CopyLogButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Copy" FontSize="12"
-                    Padding="10,4" Margin="0,0,8,0" />
-            <Button Grid.Column="3" x:Name="ClearLogButton" Classes="ghost" Content="Clear" FontSize="12"
-                    Padding="10,4" />
-          </Grid>
-          <ListBox Grid.Row="1" x:Name="ConsoleList" Classes="console" BorderThickness="0,1,0,0"
-                   BorderBrush="{StaticResource CardBorderBrush}" CornerRadius="0,0,12,12">
-            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
-              <DataTemplate>
-                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Text}" Foreground="{Binding Brush}" TextWrapping="NoWrap" />
-              </DataTemplate>
-            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
-          </ListBox>
-        </Grid>
-      </Border>
-
-      <!-- Launch bar -->
-      <Border Grid.Row="3" Classes="card" Margin="0,12,0,0" Padding="14">
-        <StackPanel Spacing="14">
-          <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto">
-
-            <!-- Selected game cover thumbnail -->
-            <Border Grid.Column="0" Classes="coverClip" Width="56" Height="56" CornerRadius="8"
-                    VerticalAlignment="Center">
-              <Panel x:Name="SelectedCoverPanel">
-                <Border Background="{Binding PlaceholderBrush, FallbackValue={x:Null}}"
-                        IsVisible="{Binding !HasCover, FallbackValue=False}">
-                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Initials}" FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold"
-                             Foreground="#E8ECF4" Opacity="0.85"
-                             HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                </Border>
-                <Image Source="{Binding Cover}" Stretch="UniformToFill"
-                       IsVisible="{Binding HasCover, FallbackValue=False}" />
-              </Panel>
-            </Border>
-
-            <StackPanel Grid.Column="1" Spacing="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="14,0,14,0">
-              <TextBlock x:Name="SelectedGameTitle" Text="No game selected" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"
-                         TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-              <TextBlock x:Name="SelectedGamePath" Text="Pick a game from the library, or open an eboot.bin directly."
-                         FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-              <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="7">
-                <Ellipse x:Name="StatusDot" Width="8" Height="8" Fill="{StaticResource FaintBrush}"
-                         VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-                <TextBlock x:Name="StatusText" Text="Idle" FontSize="11" Foreground="{StaticResource MutedBrush}"
-                           VerticalAlignment="Center" />
-              </StackPanel>
-            </StackPanel>
-
-            <StackPanel Grid.Column="2" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-              <ToggleButton x:Name="OptionsToggle" Classes="ghost" Content="⚙ Options" />
-              <ToggleButton x:Name="ConsoleToggle" Classes="ghost" Content="≡ Console" />
-              <Button x:Name="LaunchButton" Classes="accent" Content="▶  Launch" IsEnabled="False" />
-              <Button x:Name="StopButton" Classes="danger" Content="■  Stop" IsEnabled="False" />
-            </StackPanel>
-          </Grid>
-
-          <!-- Launch options (collapsible) -->
-          <WrapPanel x:Name="OptionsPanel" IsVisible="False">
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="CPU engine" />
-              <ComboBox x:Name="CpuEngineBox" Width="150" SelectedIndex="0" CornerRadius="8">
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Native" />
-              </ComboBox>
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Log level" />
-              <ComboBox x:Name="LogLevelBox" Width="150" SelectedIndex="2" CornerRadius="8">
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Trace" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Debug" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Info" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Warning" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Error" />
-                <ComboBoxItem Content="Critical" />
-              </ComboBox>
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel Margin="0,0,24,0">
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Import trace limit (0 = off)" />
-              <NumericUpDown x:Name="TraceImportsBox" Width="170" Minimum="0" Maximum="4096" Increment="16"
-                             Value="0" FormatString="0" CornerRadius="8" />
-            </StackPanel>
-            <StackPanel>
-              <TextBlock Classes="fieldLabel" Text="Strict dynlib resolution" />
-              <ToggleSwitch x:Name="StrictToggle" OnContent="On" OffContent="Off" />
-            </StackPanel>
-          </WrapPanel>
-        </StackPanel>
-      </Border>
-    </Grid>
-
-    <!-- Status bar -->
-    <Grid Grid.Row="2" Background="{StaticResource ChromeBrush}" ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto">
-      <TextBlock x:Name="EmulatorPathText" Grid.Column="0" Text="Emulator: locating…" FontSize="11"
-                 Foreground="{StaticResource FaintBrush}" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="16,0"
-                 TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
-      <TextBlock x:Name="StatusBarRight" Grid.Column="1" Text="" FontSize="11"
-                 Foreground="{StaticResource FaintBrush}" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="16,0" />
-    </Grid>
-  </Grid>
-</Window>

src/SharpEmu.GUI/SharpEmu.GUI.csproj

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
--->
-
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-
-  <!-- Class library: the GUI is hosted by SharpEmu.CLI, which opens it when
-       the executable is started without arguments. -->
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <GenerateDocumentationFile>false</GenerateDocumentationFile>
-    <Version>0.0.1</Version>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Desktop" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Fonts.Inter" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Themes.Fluent" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Tmds.DBus.Protocol" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <AvaloniaResource Include="..\..\assets\images\SharpEmu.ico" Link="Assets/SharpEmu.ico" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <!-- The DualSense HID reader is shared with the emulator's pad HLE. It is
-       dependency-free, so it is compiled in directly rather than pulling a
-       reference to all of SharpEmu.Libs into the launcher. -->
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.Libs\Pad\HidNative.cs" Link="Input/HidNative.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="..\SharpEmu.Libs\Pad\DualSenseReader.cs" Link="Input/DualSenseReader.cs" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-</Project>

src/SharpEmu.GUI/packages.lock.json

@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-{
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-        }
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "kt06RccBHSnAs2wDYdBSfsjIDbY3EpsOVqnlDgKdgvyuRA8ZFDaHRdWNx1VHjGgYzmnFCGiTJBnXFl5BqGwGnA=="
-      },
-      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "2.88.9",
-        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/CpuContext.cs

@@ -2,20 +2,25 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
-using System.Text;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
 
-public sealed class CpuContext(ICpuMemory memory, Generation generation)
+public sealed class CpuContext
 {
     private readonly ulong[] _registers = new ulong[16];
     private readonly ulong[] _xmmRegisters = new ulong[32];
     private readonly ulong[] _ymmUpperRegisters = new ulong[32];
     private bool _raxWritten;
 
-    public ICpuMemory Memory { get; } = memory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(memory));
+    public CpuContext(ICpuMemory memory, Generation generation)
+    {
+        Memory = memory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(memory));
+        TargetGeneration = generation;
+    }
 
-    public Generation TargetGeneration { get; } = generation;
+    public ICpuMemory Memory { get; }
+
+    public Generation TargetGeneration { get; }
 
     public ulong Rip { get; set; }
 
@@ -125,91 +130,6 @@ public sealed class CpuContext(ICpuMemory memory, Generation generation)
         SetYmmUpper(registerIndex, highLow, highHigh);
     }
 
-    public bool TryReadByte(ulong address, out byte value)
-    {
-        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[1];
-        if (!Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
-        {
-            value = 0;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        value = buffer[0];
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public bool TryReadUInt16(ulong address, out ushort value)
-    {
-        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
-        if (!Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
-        {
-            value = 0;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16LittleEndian(bytes);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public bool TryWriteUInt16(ulong address, ushort value)
-    {
-        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(buffer, value);
-        return Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
-    }
-
-    public bool TryReadInt32(ulong address, out int value)
-    {
-        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
-        if (!Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
-        {
-            value = 0;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(bytes);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public bool TryWriteInt32(ulong address, int value, bool checkNil = false)
-    {
-        if (checkNil && address == 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
-        return Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
-    }
-
-    public bool TryReadUInt32(ulong address, out uint value)
-    {
-        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
-        if (!Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
-        {
-            value = 0;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public bool TryWriteUInt32(ulong address, uint value)
-    {
-        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
-        return Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
-    }
-
-    public bool TryWriteInt64(ulong address, long value)
-    {
-        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(long)];
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(buffer, value);
-        return Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
-    }
-
     public bool TryReadUInt64(ulong address, out ulong value)
     {
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
@@ -230,33 +150,6 @@ public sealed class CpuContext(ICpuMemory memory, Generation generation)
         return Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
     }
 
-    public bool TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(ulong address, int capacity, out string value)
-    {
-        value = string.Empty;
-        if (address == 0 || capacity <= 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var bytes = new byte[capacity];
-        for (var index = 0; index < bytes.Length; index++)
-        {
-            if (!Memory.TryRead(address + (ulong)index, bytes.AsSpan(index, 1)))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (bytes[index] == 0)
-            {
-                value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, index);
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
-        return true;
-    }
-
     public bool PushUInt64(ulong value)
     {
         var rsp = this[CpuRegister.Rsp];
@@ -276,23 +169,4 @@ public sealed class CpuContext(ICpuMemory memory, Generation generation)
         this[CpuRegister.Rsp] = rsp + sizeof(ulong);
         return true;
     }
-
-    public int SetReturn(int result, Type? cast = null)
-    {
-        var value = cast switch
-        {
-            null => (ulong)result,
-            _ when cast == typeof(long) => (ulong)(long)result,
-            _ => throw new NotSupportedException(),
-        };
-
-        this[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked(value);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    public int SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result result)
-    {
-        this[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)result);
-        return (int)result;
-    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.HLE/ModuleManager.cs

@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ public sealed class ModuleManager : IModuleManager
                     var handler = CreateHandler(type, method, instances);
                     if (!_dispatchTable.TryAdd(exportInfo.Value.Nid, handler))
                     {
-                        Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HLE] Duplicate NID '{exportInfo.Value.Nid}' ({exportInfo.Value.ExportName}) — already registered, skipping.");
                         continue;
                     }
 
@@ -106,7 +105,6 @@ public sealed class ModuleManager : IModuleManager
 
         if (!_dispatchTable.TryGetValue(nid, out var function) || !_exportTable.TryGetValue(nid, out var export))
         {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HLE] NID '{nid}' not found in dispatch table.");
             context[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
             result = OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
             return false;
@@ -114,13 +112,11 @@ public sealed class ModuleManager : IModuleManager
 
         if ((export.Target & context.TargetGeneration) == 0)
         {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[HLE] NID '{nid}' ({export.Name}) found but not implemented for generation {context.TargetGeneration} (targets: {export.Target}).");
-            context[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
-            result = OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+            context[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            result = OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
             return false;
         }
 
-
         context.ClearRaxWriteFlag();
         int ret = ((SysAbiFunction)function).Invoke(context);
 

src/SharpEmu.HLE/SharpEmu.HLE.csproj

@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup>
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Aerolib\aerolib.bin" />
   </ItemGroup>

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/Gen5ShaderMetadataReader.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
 
@@ -17,9 +18,9 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderMetadataReader
         out Gen5ShaderMetadata metadata)
     {
         metadata = default!;
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt64(shaderHeaderAddress + ShaderUserDataOffset, out var userDataAddress) ||
+        if (!TryReadUInt64(ctx, shaderHeaderAddress + ShaderUserDataOffset, out var userDataAddress) ||
             userDataAddress == 0 ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(userDataAddress, out var directResourceOffsetsAddress))
+            !TryReadUInt64(ctx, userDataAddress, out var directResourceOffsetsAddress))
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -27,7 +28,8 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderMetadataReader
         var resourceOffsets = new ulong[ResourceClassCount];
         for (var resourceClass = 0; resourceClass < ResourceClassCount; resourceClass++)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt64(
+            if (!TryReadUInt64(
+                    ctx,
                     userDataAddress + 0x08 + (ulong)(resourceClass * sizeof(ulong)),
                     out resourceOffsets[resourceClass]))
             {
@@ -35,9 +37,9 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderMetadataReader
             }
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt16(userDataAddress + 0x28, out var extendedUserDataSize) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt16(userDataAddress + 0x2A, out var shaderResourceTableSize) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt16(userDataAddress + 0x2C, out var directResourceCount) ||
+        if (!TryReadUInt16(ctx, userDataAddress + 0x28, out var extendedUserDataSize) ||
+            !TryReadUInt16(ctx, userDataAddress + 0x2A, out var shaderResourceTableSize) ||
+            !TryReadUInt16(ctx, userDataAddress + 0x2C, out var directResourceCount) ||
             directResourceCount > MaxMetadataEntries)
         {
             return false;
@@ -46,7 +48,8 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderMetadataReader
         var resourceCounts = new ushort[ResourceClassCount];
         for (var resourceClass = 0; resourceClass < ResourceClassCount; resourceClass++)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt16(
+            if (!TryReadUInt16(
+                    ctx,
                     userDataAddress + 0x2E + (ulong)(resourceClass * sizeof(ushort)),
                     out resourceCounts[resourceClass]) ||
                 resourceCounts[resourceClass] > MaxMetadataEntries)
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderMetadataReader
 
             for (uint type = 0; type < directResourceCount; type++)
             {
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt16(directResourceOffsetsAddress + type * sizeof(ushort), out var offset))
+                if (!TryReadUInt16(ctx, directResourceOffsetsAddress + type * sizeof(ushort), out var offset))
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -93,7 +96,8 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderMetadataReader
 
             for (uint slot = 0; slot < count; slot++)
             {
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt16(
+                if (!TryReadUInt16(
+                        ctx,
                         resourceOffsets[resourceClass] + slot * sizeof(ushort),
                         out var sharp))
                 {
@@ -121,4 +125,30 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderMetadataReader
             resources);
         return true;
     }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt16(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ushort value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ulong value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
@@ -1404,7 +1405,8 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(
+            if (!TryReadUInt32(
+                    ctx,
                     address + (ulong)(index * sizeof(uint)),
                     out var value) &&
                 !TryReadUserDataScalarLoad(
@@ -1725,4 +1727,16 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator
         opcode.StartsWith("ImageSample", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
         opcode.StartsWith("ImageGather", StringComparison.Ordinal);
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/Gen5ShaderTranslator.cs

@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
         var instructionCount = 0;
         for (uint pc = 0; instructionCount < MaxInstructions;)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(address + pc, out var word))
+            if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, address + pc, out var word))
             {
                 error = $"read-failed pc=0x{pc:X}";
                 return false;
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
             words[0] = word;
             for (uint wordIndex = 1; wordIndex < sizeDwords; wordIndex++)
             {
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(address + pc + wordIndex * sizeof(uint), out words[wordIndex]))
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, address + pc + wordIndex * sizeof(uint), out words[wordIndex]))
                 {
                     error = $"read-failed pc=0x{pc + wordIndex * sizeof(uint):X}";
                     return false;
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
             case 0x34:
             case 0x35:
                 encoding = Gen5ShaderEncoding.Vop3;
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(baseAddress + pc + sizeof(uint), out var vop3Extra))
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, baseAddress + pc + sizeof(uint), out var vop3Extra))
                 {
                     error = $"vop3-extra-read-failed pc=0x{pc:X}";
                     return false;
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
                 return DecodeFlat(word, out name, out sizeDwords, out error);
             case 0x38:
                 encoding = Gen5ShaderEncoding.Mubuf;
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(baseAddress + pc + sizeof(uint), out var mubufExtra))
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, baseAddress + pc + sizeof(uint), out var mubufExtra))
                 {
                     error = $"mubuf-extra-read-failed pc=0x{pc:X}";
                     return false;
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
                 return DecodeMubuf(word, mubufExtra, out name, out sizeDwords, out error);
             case 0x3A:
                 encoding = Gen5ShaderEncoding.Mtbuf;
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(baseAddress + pc + sizeof(uint), out var mtbufExtra))
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, baseAddress + pc + sizeof(uint), out var mtbufExtra))
                 {
                     error = $"mtbuf-extra-read-failed pc=0x{pc:X}";
                     return false;
@@ -1741,6 +1741,19 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
         counts[key] = count + 1;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
     private readonly record struct ShaderDecodeInfo(
         int InstructionCount,
         Dictionary<string, int> Counts,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ampr/AmprExports.cs

@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
         var offset = 0UL;
         while (offset < writeOffset)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(buffer + offset, out var recordType))
+            if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, buffer + offset, out var recordType))
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
             }
@@ -883,6 +883,19 @@ public static class AmprExports
         return true;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
     private static void TraceAmpr(CpuContext ctx, string operation, ulong commandBuffer, ulong arg0, ulong arg1)
     {
         if (!_traceAmpr)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/AppContent/AppContentExports.cs

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public static class AppContentExports
         var valueAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (valueAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         int value;
@@ -83,18 +83,18 @@ public static class AppContentExports
         }
         else if (!TryReadUserDefinedParam(paramId, out value))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Span<byte> valueBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(valueBytes, value);
         if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(valueAddress, valueBytes))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         TraceAppContent($"app_param_get_int id={paramId} value={value}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -168,6 +168,12 @@ public static class AppContentExports
         }
     }
 
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)result);
+        return (int)result;
+    }
+
     private static void TraceAppContent(string message)
     {
         if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_APP_CONTENT"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Audio/AudioOut2Exports.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Audio;
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         var paramAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (paramAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Span<byte> param = stackalloc byte[AudioOut2ContextParamSize];
@@ -47,8 +48,8 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(param[0x0C..], 0x400);
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(paramAddress, param)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         var memoryInfoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (paramAddress == 0 || memoryInfoAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Span<byte> memoryInfo = stackalloc byte[0x20];
@@ -73,8 +74,8 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(memoryInfo[0x18..], AudioOut2ContextMemoryAlignment);
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(memoryInfoAddress, memoryInfo)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -90,13 +91,13 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         var outContextAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
         if (paramAddress == 0 || memoryAddress == 0 || memorySize == 0 || outContextAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         var handle = (ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextContextHandle);
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outContextAddress, handle)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outContextAddress, handle)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         ExportName = "sceAudioOut2ContextDestroy",
         Target = Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
-    public static int AudioOut2ContextDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+    public static int AudioOut2ContextDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "JK2wamZPzwM",
@@ -119,14 +120,14 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         var contextAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
         if (type < 0 || type > 255 || paramAddress == 0 || outPortAddress == 0 || contextAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         var portId = unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextPortId)) & 0xFF;
         var handle = 0x2000_0000UL | ((ulong)(uint)type << 16) | portId;
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outPortAddress, handle)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outPortAddress, handle)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         var stateAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (handle == 0 || stateAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         var type = (int)((handle >> 16) & 0xFF);
@@ -153,8 +154,8 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt16LittleEndian(state[0x04..], -1);
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(stateAddress, state)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (infoAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Span<byte> info = stackalloc byte[0x40];
@@ -177,8 +178,8 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(info[0x08..], 48000);
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(infoAddress, info)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -186,14 +187,14 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         ExportName = "sceAudioOut2PortDestroy",
         Target = Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
-    public static int AudioOut2PortDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+    public static int AudioOut2PortDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "IaZXJ9M79uo",
         ExportName = "sceAudioOut2UserDestroy",
         Target = Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut2")]
-    public static int AudioOut2UserDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+    public static int AudioOut2UserDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "xywYcRB7nbQ",
@@ -206,12 +207,25 @@ public static class AudioOut2Exports
         var outUserAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if ((userId != 0 && userId != 1 && userId != 255) || outUserAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         var handle = (ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextUserHandle);
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outUserAddress, handle)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outUserAddress, handle)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ulong value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Audio/AudioOutExports.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Audio;
 
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         ExportName = "sceAudioOutInit",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut")]
-    public static int AudioOutInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(0);
+    public static int AudioOutInit(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "ekNvsT22rsY",
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         if (bufferLength == 0 || frequency == 0 ||
             !TryGetFormat(format, out var channels, out var bytesPerSample, out var isFloat))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         WinMmAudioPort? backend = null;
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
             $"[LOADER][INFO] AudioOut port {handle}: {frequency} Hz, " +
             $"{channels} ch, {(isFloat ? "float32" : "s16")}, " +
             $"{bufferLength} frames, backend={backendName}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(handle);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, handle);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -145,11 +146,11 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         if (!Ports.TryRemove(handle, out var port))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         port.Dispose();
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -163,12 +164,12 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         var sourceAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (!Ports.TryGetValue(handle, out var port))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         if (sourceAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
         }
 
         var buffer = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(port.BufferByteLength);
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
             var source = buffer.AsSpan(0, port.BufferByteLength);
             if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(sourceAddress, source))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             if (port.Backend is null ||
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
                 port.PaceSilence();
             }
 
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -207,12 +208,19 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
     public static int AudioOutSetVolume(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(
+        return SetReturn(
+            ctx,
             Ports.ContainsKey(handle)
                 ? 0
                 : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     }
 
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     private static bool TryGetFormat(
         int rawFormat,
         out int channels,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/AvPlayer/AvPlayerExports.cs

@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
         var dataAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         lock (StateGate)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(
+            return SetReturn(
+                ctx,
                 handle != 0 && dataAddress != 0 && Players.Contains(handle)
                     ? 0
                     : InvalidParameters);
@@ -62,7 +63,15 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
     {
         lock (StateGate)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(Players.Remove(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? 0 : InvalidParameters);
+            return SetReturn(
+                ctx,
+                Players.Remove(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? 0 : InvalidParameters);
         }
     }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Fiber/FiberExports.cs

@@ -104,17 +104,17 @@ public static class FiberExports
         var optParam = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (optParam == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorNull);
         }
 
         if ((optParam & 7) != 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorAlignment);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorAlignment);
         }
 
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt32(optParam, FiberOptSignature)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+        return TryWriteUInt32(ctx, optParam, FiberOptSignature)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -127,24 +127,24 @@ public static class FiberExports
         var fiber = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (!TryValidateFiber(ctx, fiber, out var error))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(error);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, error);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(fiber + FiberStateOffset, out var state))
+        if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberStateOffset, out var state))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         if (state != FiberStateIdle)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
         }
 
         _continuations.TryRemove(fiber, out _);
         _returnTargets.TryRemove(fiber, out _);
         _stackRanges.TryRemove(fiber, out _);
-        _ = ctx.TryWriteUInt32(fiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateTerminated);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        _ = TryWriteUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateTerminated);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -229,20 +229,20 @@ public static class FiberExports
         var fiberAddress = ResolveCurrentFiberAddress(ctx);
         if (fiberAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorPermission);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorPermission);
         }
 
         if (GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler is not { SupportsGuestContextTransfer: true } ||
             !GuestThreadExecution.TryGetCurrentImportCallFrame(out var frame))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorPermission);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorPermission);
         }
 
         var returnArgument = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         var argOnRunAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (argOnRunAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(argOnRunAddress, 0))
+        if (argOnRunAddress != 0 && !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, argOnRunAddress, 0))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         GuestCpuContinuation transferTarget;
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ public static class FiberExports
             if (!_returnTargets.TryRemove(fiberAddress, out var returnTarget))
             {
                 _continuations.TryRemove(fiberAddress, out _);
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorPermission);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorPermission);
             }
 
             previousFiber = returnTarget.PreviousFiber;
@@ -264,10 +264,10 @@ public static class FiberExports
             {
                 if (!_continuations.TryRemove(previousFiber, out var previousContinuation) ||
                     !TryWriteResumeArgument(ctx, previousContinuation, returnArgument) ||
-                    !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateRun))
+                    !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateRun))
                 {
                     _continuations.TryRemove(fiberAddress, out _);
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
                 }
 
                 transferTarget = previousContinuation.Context with { Rax = 0 };
@@ -278,15 +278,15 @@ public static class FiberExports
                     !TryWriteResumeArgument(ctx, returnTarget.ThreadContinuation.Value, returnArgument))
                 {
                     _continuations.TryRemove(fiberAddress, out _);
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
                 }
 
                 transferTarget = returnTarget.ThreadContinuation.Value.Context with { Rax = 0 };
             }
 
-            if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(fiberAddress + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateIdle))
+            if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, fiberAddress + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateIdle))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
             }
         }
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ public static class FiberExports
         TraceFiber(
             $"return fiber=0x{fiberAddress:X16} to=0x{previousFiber:X16} " +
             $"resume=0x{transferTarget.Rip:X16} rsp=0x{transferTarget.Rsp:X16} arg=0x{returnArgument:X16}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -309,18 +309,18 @@ public static class FiberExports
         var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (outAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorNull);
         }
 
         var fiberAddress = ResolveCurrentFiberAddress(ctx);
         if (fiberAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorPermission);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorPermission);
         }
 
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outAddress, fiberAddress)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outAddress, fiberAddress)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -334,35 +334,35 @@ public static class FiberExports
         var info = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (info == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorNull);
         }
 
         if (!TryValidateFiber(ctx, fiber, out var error))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(error);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, error);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt64(info, out var size) || size != FiberInfoSize)
+        if (!TryReadUInt64(ctx, info, out var size) || size != FiberInfoSize)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         if (!TryReadFiberFields(ctx, fiber, out var fields))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(info + 8, fields.Entry) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(info + 16, fields.ArgOnInitialize) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(info + 24, fields.ContextAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(info + 32, fields.ContextSize) ||
+        if (!TryWriteUInt64(ctx, info + 8, fields.Entry) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, info + 16, fields.ArgOnInitialize) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, info + 24, fields.ContextAddress) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, info + 32, fields.ContextSize) ||
             !TryWriteName(ctx, info + 40, fields.Name) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(info + 72, ulong.MaxValue))
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, info + 72, ulong.MaxValue))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -376,22 +376,22 @@ public static class FiberExports
         var nameAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (!TryValidateFiber(ctx, fiber, out var error))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(error);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, error);
         }
 
         if (nameAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorNull);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(nameAddress, MaxNameLength + 1, out var name))
+        if (!TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(ctx, nameAddress, MaxNameLength + 1, out var name))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         return TryWriteName(ctx, fiber + FiberNameOffset, name)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -403,12 +403,12 @@ public static class FiberExports
     {
         if (ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi] != 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _contextSizeCheck, 1) == 0
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -419,8 +419,8 @@ public static class FiberExports
     public static int FiberStopContextSizeCheck(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _contextSizeCheck, 0) == 1
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -433,17 +433,17 @@ public static class FiberExports
         var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (outAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorNull);
         }
 
         if (ResolveCurrentFiberAddress(ctx) == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorPermission);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorPermission);
         }
 
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outAddress, ctx[CpuRegister.Rbp])
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+        return TryWriteUInt64(ctx, outAddress, ctx[CpuRegister.Rbp])
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
     }
 
     private static int FiberInitializeCore(
@@ -459,37 +459,37 @@ public static class FiberExports
     {
         if (fiber == 0 || nameAddress == 0 || entry == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorNull);
         }
 
         if ((fiber & 7) != 0 ||
             (contextAddress & 15) != 0 ||
             (optParam & 7) != 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorAlignment);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorAlignment);
         }
 
         if (contextSize != 0 && contextSize < FiberContextMinimumSize)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorRange);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorRange);
         }
 
         if ((contextSize & 15) != 0 ||
             (contextAddress == 0 && contextSize != 0) ||
             (contextAddress != 0 && contextSize == 0))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         if (optParam != 0 &&
-            (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(optParam, out var optMagic) || optMagic != FiberOptSignature))
+            (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, optParam, out var optMagic) || optMagic != FiberOptSignature))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(nameAddress, MaxNameLength + 1, out var name))
+        if (!TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(ctx, nameAddress, MaxNameLength + 1, out var name))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         if (Volatile.Read(ref _contextSizeCheck) != 0)
@@ -497,27 +497,27 @@ public static class FiberExports
             flags |= FiberFlagContextSizeCheck;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(fiber + FiberMagicStartOffset, FiberSignature0) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(fiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateIdle) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberEntryOffset, entry) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberArgOnInitializeOffset, argOnInitialize) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextAddressOffset, contextAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextSizeOffset, contextSize) ||
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberMagicStartOffset, FiberSignature0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateIdle) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberEntryOffset, entry) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberArgOnInitializeOffset, argOnInitialize) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextAddressOffset, contextAddress) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextSizeOffset, contextSize) ||
             !TryWriteName(ctx, fiber + FiberNameOffset, name) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextPointerOffset, 0) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(fiber + FiberFlagsOffset, flags) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextStartOffset, contextAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextEndOffset, contextAddress == 0 ? 0 : contextAddress + contextSize) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(fiber + FiberMagicEndOffset, FiberSignature1))
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextPointerOffset, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberFlagsOffset, flags) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextStartOffset, contextAddress) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextEndOffset, contextAddress == 0 ? 0 : contextAddress + contextSize) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberMagicEndOffset, FiberSignature1))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         if (contextAddress != 0)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(contextAddress, FiberStackSignature))
+            if (!TryWriteUInt64(ctx, contextAddress, FiberStackSignature))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
             }
 
             if ((flags & FiberFlagContextSizeCheck) != 0)
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ public static class FiberExports
         }
 
         TraceFiber($"init fiber=0x{fiber:X16} entry=0x{entry:X16} ctx=0x{contextAddress:X16} size=0x{contextSize:X} name='{name}'");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     private static int FiberRunCore(
@@ -547,12 +547,12 @@ public static class FiberExports
     {
         if (!TryValidateFiber(ctx, fiber, out var error))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(error);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, error);
         }
 
         if (!TryReadFiberFields(ctx, fiber, out var fields))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
         }
 
         if (attachContextAddress != 0 || attachContextSize != 0)
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ public static class FiberExports
             var attachResult = AttachContext(ctx, fiber, attachContextAddress, attachContextSize, ref fields);
             if (attachResult != 0)
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(attachResult);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, attachResult);
             }
         }
 
@@ -568,16 +568,16 @@ public static class FiberExports
         if ((isSwitch && previousFiber == 0) ||
             (!isSwitch && previousFiber != 0))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorPermission);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorPermission);
         }
         if (previousFiber == fiber)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
         }
         if (GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler is not { SupportsGuestContextTransfer: true } ||
             !GuestThreadExecution.TryGetCurrentImportCallFrame(out var frame))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorPermission);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorPermission);
         }
 
         GuestCpuContinuation transferTarget;
@@ -586,12 +586,12 @@ public static class FiberExports
         {
             if (!TryReadFiberFields(ctx, fiber, out fields))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
             }
             if (fields.State != FiberStateIdle)
             {
                 TraceFiber($"run-state-error reason={reason} fiber=0x{fiber:X16} state=0x{fields.State:X8}");
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
             }
 
             FiberContinuation targetContinuation;
@@ -602,12 +602,12 @@ public static class FiberExports
             }
             else if (!TryCreateInitialContinuation(ctx, fields, argOnRun, out targetContinuation))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
             }
 
             if (resumed && !TryWriteResumeArgument(ctx, targetContinuation, argOnRun))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
             }
 
             var callerContinuation = new FiberContinuation(
@@ -616,11 +616,11 @@ public static class FiberExports
 
             if (previousFiber != 0)
             {
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, out var previousState) ||
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, out var previousState) ||
                     previousState != FiberStateRun ||
-                    !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateIdle))
+                    !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateIdle))
                 {
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorState);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorState);
                 }
 
                 _continuations[previousFiber] = callerContinuation;
@@ -631,15 +631,15 @@ public static class FiberExports
                 _returnTargets[fiber] = new FiberReturnTarget(0, callerContinuation);
             }
 
-            if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(fiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateRun))
+            if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateRun))
             {
                 if (previousFiber != 0)
                 {
                     _continuations.TryRemove(previousFiber, out _);
-                    _ = ctx.TryWriteUInt32(previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateRun);
+                    _ = TryWriteUInt32(ctx, previousFiber + FiberStateOffset, FiberStateRun);
                 }
                 _returnTargets.TryRemove(fiber, out _);
-                return ctx.SetReturn(FiberErrorInvalid);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, FiberErrorInvalid);
             }
 
             if (resumed)
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ public static class FiberExports
         TraceFiber(
             $"transfer reason={reason} from=0x{previousFiber:X16} to=0x{fiber:X16} resume={resumed} " +
             $"rip=0x{transferTarget.Rip:X16} rsp=0x{transferTarget.Rsp:X16} arg=0x{argOnRun:X16}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     private static bool TryCreateInitialContinuation(
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ public static class FiberExports
 
         var stackEnd = fields.ContextAddress + fields.ContextSize;
         var entryRsp = (stackEnd & ~15UL) - sizeof(ulong);
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(entryRsp, 0))
+        if (!TryWriteUInt64(ctx, entryRsp, 0))
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ public static class FiberExports
         FiberContinuation continuation,
         ulong argument) =>
         continuation.ArgOnRunAddress == 0 ||
-        ctx.TryWriteUInt64(continuation.ArgOnRunAddress, argument);
+        TryWriteUInt64(ctx, continuation.ArgOnRunAddress, argument);
 
     private static GuestCpuContinuation CaptureContinuation(
         CpuContext ctx,
@@ -779,11 +779,11 @@ public static class FiberExports
             return FiberErrorInvalid;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextAddressOffset, contextAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextSizeOffset, contextSize) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextStartOffset, contextAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(fiber + FiberContextEndOffset, contextAddress + contextSize) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(contextAddress, FiberStackSignature))
+        if (!TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextAddressOffset, contextAddress) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextSizeOffset, contextSize) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextStartOffset, contextAddress) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextEndOffset, contextAddress + contextSize) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt64(ctx, contextAddress, FiberStackSignature))
         {
             return FiberErrorInvalid;
         }
@@ -839,8 +839,8 @@ public static class FiberExports
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(fiber + FiberMagicStartOffset, out var magicStart) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(fiber + FiberMagicEndOffset, out var magicEnd) ||
+        if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberMagicStartOffset, out var magicStart) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberMagicEndOffset, out var magicEnd) ||
             magicStart != FiberSignature0 ||
             magicEnd != FiberSignature1)
         {
@@ -855,12 +855,12 @@ public static class FiberExports
     private static bool TryReadFiberFields(CpuContext ctx, ulong fiber, out FiberFields fields)
     {
         fields = default;
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(fiber + FiberStateOffset, out var state) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(fiber + FiberEntryOffset, out var entry) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(fiber + FiberArgOnInitializeOffset, out var argOnInitialize) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(fiber + FiberContextAddressOffset, out var contextAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(fiber + FiberContextSizeOffset, out var contextSize) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(fiber + FiberFlagsOffset, out var flags) ||
+        if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberStateOffset, out var state) ||
+            !TryReadUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberEntryOffset, out var entry) ||
+            !TryReadUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberArgOnInitializeOffset, out var argOnInitialize) ||
+            !TryReadUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextAddressOffset, out var contextAddress) ||
+            !TryReadUInt64(ctx, fiber + FiberContextSizeOffset, out var contextSize) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, fiber + FiberFlagsOffset, out var flags) ||
             !TryReadInlineName(ctx, fiber + FiberNameOffset, out var name))
         {
             return false;
@@ -898,6 +898,46 @@ public static class FiberExports
         return 0;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ulong value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ulong value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
     private static bool TryWriteName(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, string name)
     {
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[MaxNameLength + 1];
@@ -925,6 +965,37 @@ public static class FiberExports
         return true;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int capacity, out string value)
+    {
+        var bytes = new byte[capacity];
+        for (var index = 0; index < bytes.Length; index++)
+        {
+            Span<byte> current = stackalloc byte[1];
+            if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address + (ulong)index, current))
+            {
+                value = string.Empty;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (current[0] == 0)
+            {
+                value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, index);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            bytes[index] = current[0];
+        }
+
+        value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     private static void TraceFiber(string message)
     {
         if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_FIBER"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelAprCompatExports.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Ampr;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Threading;
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ public static class KernelAprCompatExports
             return completionResult;
         }
 
-        if (outSubmissionId != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outSubmissionId, submissionId))
+        if (outSubmissionId != 0 && !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outSubmissionId, submissionId))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ public static class KernelAprCompatExports
             return completionResult;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outSubmissionId, submissionId))
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outSubmissionId, submissionId))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -177,6 +178,13 @@ public static class KernelAprCompatExports
         return tag is 0x0C or 0x10;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
     private static void TraceApr(
         CpuContext ctx,
         string operation,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelEventFlagCompatExports.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Text;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
@@ -51,17 +52,17 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
             optionAddress != 0 ||
             !IsValidAttributes(attributes))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(nameAddress, MaxEventFlagNameLength + 1, out var name))
+        if (!TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(ctx, nameAddress, MaxEventFlagNameLength + 1, out var name))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         if (Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(name) > MaxEventFlagNameLength)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         var handle = unchecked((ulong)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextEventFlagHandle));
@@ -75,11 +76,11 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outAddress, handle))
         {
             _eventFlags.TryRemove(handle, out _);
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         TraceEventFlag($"create handle=0x{handle:X16} name='{name}' attr=0x{attributes:X2} bits=0x{initialPattern:X16}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         var handle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (!_eventFlags.TryRemove(handle, out var state))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         lock (state.Gate)
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         }
 
         TraceEventFlag($"delete handle=0x{handle:X16} name='{state.Name}'");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         var returnRip = GetCurrentReturnRip();
         if (!_eventFlags.TryGetValue(handle, out var state))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         lock (state.Gate)
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         }
 
         _ = GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler?.WakeBlockedThreads(GetEventFlagWakeKey(handle));
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         var pattern = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (!_eventFlags.TryGetValue(handle, out var state))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         lock (state.Gate)
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
             TraceEventFlag($"clear handle=0x{handle:X16} mask=0x{pattern:X16} bits=0x{state.Bits:X16}");
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -167,29 +168,29 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
 
         if (!_eventFlags.TryGetValue(handle, out var state))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         if (pattern == 0 || !IsValidWaitMode(waitMode))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         lock (state.Gate)
         {
             if (!TryWriteResultPattern(ctx, resultAddress, state.Bits))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             if (!IsSatisfied(state.Bits, pattern, waitMode))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY);
             }
 
             ApplyClearMode(state, pattern, waitMode);
             TraceEventFlag($"poll handle=0x{handle:X16} pattern=0x{pattern:X16} mode=0x{waitMode:X2} bits=0x{state.Bits:X16}");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
         }
     }
 
@@ -209,18 +210,18 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
 
         if (!_eventFlags.TryGetValue(handle, out var state))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         if (pattern == 0 || !IsValidWaitMode(waitMode))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         uint timeoutUsec = 0;
-        if (timeoutAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryReadUInt32(timeoutAddress, out timeoutUsec))
+        if (timeoutAddress != 0 && !TryReadUInt32(ctx, timeoutAddress, out timeoutUsec))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         Monitor.Enter(state.Gate);
@@ -228,15 +229,15 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         {
             if (TryCompleteSatisfiedWait(ctx, state, pattern, waitMode, resultAddress, out var immediateWaitResult))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(immediateWaitResult);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, immediateWaitResult);
             }
 
             if (timeoutAddress != 0)
             {
-                _ = ctx.TryWriteUInt32(timeoutAddress, 0);
+                _ = TryWriteUInt32(ctx, timeoutAddress, 0);
                 _ = TryWriteResultPattern(ctx, resultAddress, state.Bits);
                 TraceEventFlag($"wait-timeout handle=0x{handle:X16} pattern=0x{pattern:X16} timeout={timeoutUsec} ret=0x{returnRip:X16}");
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT);
             }
 
             var currentGuestThread = GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle;
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
                 var scheduler = GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler;
                 if (scheduler is null)
                 {
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN);
                 }
 
                 state.WaitingThreads++;
@@ -296,7 +297,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
                             state.WaitingThreads = Math.Max(0, state.WaitingThreads - 1);
                             releaseWaiter = false;
                             TraceEventFlag($"wait-wake handle=0x{handle:X16} pattern=0x{pattern:X16} bits=0x{state.Bits:X16} waiters={state.WaitingThreads} ret=0x{returnRip:X16}");
-                            return ctx.SetReturn(pumpedWaitResult);
+                            return SetReturn(ctx, pumpedWaitResult);
                         }
 
                         Monitor.Wait(state.Gate, HostWaitPumpMilliseconds);
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
 
             state.WaitingThreads++;
             TraceEventFlag($"wait-block handle=0x{handle:X16} pattern=0x{pattern:X16} waiters={state.WaitingThreads} guest_thread=0x{currentGuestThread:X16} fiber=0x{currentFiber:X16} managed={managedThread} ret=0x{returnRip:X16}");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -333,15 +334,15 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
         var waiterCountAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         if (!_eventFlags.TryGetValue(handle, out var state))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         lock (state.Gate)
         {
             if (waiterCountAddress != 0 &&
-                !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(waiterCountAddress, unchecked((uint)state.WaitingThreads)))
+                !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, waiterCountAddress, unchecked((uint)state.WaitingThreads)))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             state.Bits = setPattern;
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
             TraceEventFlag($"cancel handle=0x{handle:X16} bits=0x{setPattern:X16}");
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     private static bool IsValidAttributes(uint attributes)
@@ -452,6 +453,84 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
     private static bool TryWriteResultPattern(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ulong bits) =>
         address == 0 || ctx.TryWriteUInt64(address, bits);
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ulong value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadByte(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out byte value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[1];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = buffer[0];
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int capacity, out string value)
+    {
+        var bytes = new byte[capacity];
+        for (var index = 0; index < bytes.Length; index++)
+        {
+            Span<byte> current = stackalloc byte[1];
+            if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address + (ulong)index, current))
+            {
+                value = string.Empty;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (current[0] == 0)
+            {
+                value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, index);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            bytes[index] = current[0];
+        }
+
+        value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
+    {
+        var value = (int)result;
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)value);
+        return value;
+    }
+
     private static void TraceEventFlag(string message)
     {
         if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_EVENT_FLAG"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
@@ -535,7 +614,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
 
     private static void AppendByte(StringBuilder builder, CpuContext ctx, ulong address, string name)
     {
-        if (ctx.TryReadByte(address, out var value))
+        if (TryReadByte(ctx, address, out var value))
         {
             builder.Append($" {name}=0x{value:X2}");
         }
@@ -543,7 +622,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
 
     private static void AppendUInt32(StringBuilder builder, CpuContext ctx, ulong address, string name)
     {
-        if (ctx.TryReadUInt32(address, out var value))
+        if (TryReadUInt32(ctx, address, out var value))
         {
             builder.Append($" {name}=0x{value:X8}");
         }
@@ -551,7 +630,7 @@ public static class KernelEventFlagCompatExports
 
     private static void AppendUInt64(StringBuilder builder, CpuContext ctx, ulong address, string name)
     {
-        if (ctx.TryReadUInt64(address, out var value))
+        if (TryReadUInt64(ctx, address, out var value))
         {
             builder.Append($" {name}=0x{value:X16}");
         }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelEventQueueCompatExports.cs

@@ -287,13 +287,13 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
         }
 
         uint timeoutUsec = 0;
-        if (timeoutAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryReadUInt32(timeoutAddress, out timeoutUsec))
+        if (timeoutAddress != 0 && !TryReadUInt32(ctx, timeoutAddress, out timeoutUsec))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
 
         var deliveredCount = DequeueEvents(ctx, handle, eventsAddress, eventCapacity);
-        if (outCountAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
+        if (outCountAddress != 0 && !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
             }
 
             deliveredCount = DequeueEvents(ctx, handle, eventsAddress, eventCapacity);
-            if (outCountAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
+            if (outCountAddress != 0 && !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
             }
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
         ulong outCountAddress)
     {
         var deliveredCount = DequeueEvents(ctx, handle, eventsAddress, eventCapacity);
-        if (outCountAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
+        if (outCountAddress != 0 && !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outCountAddress, (uint)deliveredCount))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -654,8 +654,29 @@ public static class KernelEventQueueCompatExports
             return;
         }
 
-        _ = ctx.TryReadUInt64(ctx[CpuRegister.Rsp], out ulong returnRip);
+        var returnRip = 0UL;
+        _ = ctx.TryReadUInt64(ctx[CpuRegister.Rsp], out returnRip);
         Console.Error.WriteLine(
             $"[LOADER][TRACE] equeue.{operation}: handle=0x{handle:X16} rsi=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]:X16} rdx=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]:X16} ret=0x{returnRip:X16}");
     }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelExports.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 
 public static class KernelExports
 {
+    private static int _nextFileDescriptor = 2;
     private static readonly object _cxaGate = new();
     private static readonly List<CxaDestructorEntry> _cxaDestructors = new();
     private static readonly object _coredumpGate = new();

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelMemoryCompatExports.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ using System.Buffers;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Globalization;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
@@ -2903,7 +2905,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
                     return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
                 }
 
-                if (protectionOut != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteInt32(protectionOut, region.Protection))
+                if (protectionOut != 0 && !TryWriteInt32(ctx, protectionOut, region.Protection))
                 {
                     return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
                 }
@@ -2942,7 +2944,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
 
                 if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(infoAddress, block.Start) ||
                     !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(infoAddress + sizeof(ulong), block.Start + block.Length) ||
-                    !ctx.TryWriteInt32(infoAddress + (sizeof(ulong) * 2), block.MemoryType))
+                    !TryWriteInt32(ctx, infoAddress + (sizeof(ulong) * 2), block.MemoryType))
                 {
                     return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
                 }
@@ -3800,7 +3802,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
                         var addr = argumentSource.NextGpArg();
                         if (addr != 0)
                         {
-                            _ = ctx.TryWriteInt32(addr, sb.Length);
+                            _ = TryWriteInt32(ctx, addr, sb.Length);
                         }
                     }
                     break;
@@ -4525,7 +4527,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
                 continue;
             }
 
-            var one = chunk.AsSpan(0, 1);
+            Span<byte> one = stackalloc byte[1];
             if (!TryReadCompat(ctx, current, one))
             {
                 return false;
@@ -4964,7 +4966,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             processedCount++;
         }
 
-        if (processedOutAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteInt32(processedOutAddress, processedCount))
+        if (processedOutAddress != 0 && !TryWriteInt32(ctx, processedOutAddress, processedCount))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -5801,6 +5803,13 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return (protect & expected) != 0;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryWriteInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        BitConverter.TryWriteBytes(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
+
     private static bool TryWriteOpenDescriptorStat(CpuContext ctx, int fd, ulong statAddress)
     {
         if (fd is 0 or 1 or 2)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelPthreadCompatExports.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Threading;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
@@ -327,12 +329,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
     public static int PosixPthreadCondSignal(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadCondSignalCore(ctx, ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], broadcast: false);
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "27bAgiJmOh0",
-        ExportName = "pthread_cond_timedwait",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixPthreadCondTimedwait(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadCondWaitCore(ctx, ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi], timed: true, timeoutUsec: unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]));
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "m5-2bsNfv7s",
@@ -387,42 +383,42 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         var initRoutine = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (onceAddress == 0 || initRoutine == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadInt32(onceAddress, out var onceValue))
+        if (!TryReadInt32(ctx, onceAddress, out var onceValue))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         if (onceValue == PthreadOnceDone)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
         }
 
         var gate = GetPthreadOnceGate(onceAddress);
         var shouldCall = false;
         lock (gate)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadInt32(onceAddress, out onceValue))
+            if (!TryReadInt32(ctx, onceAddress, out onceValue))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             while (onceValue == PthreadOnceInProgress)
             {
                 Monitor.Wait(gate, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1));
-                if (!ctx.TryReadInt32(onceAddress, out onceValue))
+                if (!TryReadInt32(ctx, onceAddress, out onceValue))
                 {
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
                 }
             }
 
             if (onceValue != PthreadOnceDone)
             {
-                if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(onceAddress, PthreadOnceInProgress))
+                if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, onceAddress, PthreadOnceInProgress))
                 {
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
                 }
 
                 shouldCall = true;
@@ -438,21 +434,21 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
             {
                 lock (gate)
                 {
-                    _ = ctx.TryWriteInt32(onceAddress, PthreadOnceUninitialized);
+                    _ = TryWriteInt32(ctx, onceAddress, PthreadOnceUninitialized);
                     Monitor.PulseAll(gate);
                 }
 
                 TracePthreadOnce(onceAddress, initRoutine, "failed", error);
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN);
             }
 
             lock (gate)
             {
-                if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(onceAddress, PthreadOnceDone))
+                if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, onceAddress, PthreadOnceDone))
                 {
-                    _ = ctx.TryWriteInt32(onceAddress, PthreadOnceUninitialized);
+                    _ = TryWriteInt32(ctx, onceAddress, PthreadOnceUninitialized);
                     Monitor.PulseAll(gate);
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
                 }
 
                 Monitor.PulseAll(gate);
@@ -460,7 +456,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         }
 
         TracePthreadOnce(onceAddress, initRoutine, shouldCall ? "call" : "done", null);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     private static int PthreadMutexInitCore(CpuContext ctx, ulong mutexAddress, ulong attrAddress)
@@ -1022,12 +1018,19 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
     }
 
     private static bool InitializeMutexObject(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, PthreadMutexState state) =>
-        ctx.TryWriteUInt32(address + 0x20, unchecked((uint)state.Type)) &&
-        ctx.TryWriteUInt32(address + 0x3C, unchecked((uint)state.Protocol));
+        TryWriteUInt32(ctx, address + 0x20, unchecked((uint)state.Type)) &&
+        TryWriteUInt32(ctx, address + 0x3C, unchecked((uint)state.Protocol));
 
     private static bool WriteMutexAttrObject(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, PthreadMutexAttrState state) =>
-        ctx.TryWriteUInt32(address, unchecked((uint)state.Type)) &&
-        ctx.TryWriteUInt32(address + 4, unchecked((uint)state.Protocol));
+        TryWriteUInt32(ctx, address, unchecked((uint)state.Type)) &&
+        TryWriteUInt32(ctx, address + 4, unchecked((uint)state.Protocol));
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BitConverter.TryWriteBytes(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
 
     private static int PthreadCondInitCore(CpuContext ctx, ulong condAddress)
     {
@@ -1319,6 +1322,32 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         }
     }
 
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)result);
+        return (int)result;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
+
     private static bool CreateImplicitMutexState(CpuContext ctx, ulong mutexAddress, int type, out ulong resolvedAddress, [NotNullWhen(true)] out PthreadMutexState? state)
     {
         var createdState = new PthreadMutexState

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports.cs

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
             priority = GetOrCreateThreadStateLocked(thread).Priority;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(outPriorityAddress, priority))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, outPriorityAddress, priority))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -324,7 +326,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadInt32(schedParamAddress, out var schedPriority))
+        if (!TryReadInt32(ctx, schedParamAddress, out var schedPriority))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -494,7 +496,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
             state = GetOrCreateAttrStateLocked(attrAddress);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(outStateAddress, state.DetachState))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, outStateAddress, state.DetachState))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -737,7 +739,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
             state = GetOrCreateAttrStateLocked(attrAddress);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(schedParamAddress, state.SchedPriority))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, schedParamAddress, state.SchedPriority))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -760,7 +762,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadInt32(schedParamAddress, out var schedPriority))
+        if (!TryReadInt32(ctx, schedParamAddress, out var schedPriority))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1112,7 +1114,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
             }
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(outKeyAddress, key))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, outKeyAddress, key))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1449,4 +1451,24 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
         payload[^1] = 0;
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, payload);
     }
+
+    private static bool TryReadInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelRuntimeCompatExports.cs

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Fiber;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 
@@ -256,8 +259,8 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         }
 
         if (timezoneAddress != 0 &&
-            (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(timezoneAddress, 0) ||
-             !ctx.TryWriteInt32(timezoneAddress + sizeof(int), 0)))
+            (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, timezoneAddress, 0) ||
+             !TryWriteInt32(ctx, timezoneAddress + sizeof(int), 0)))
         {
             return -1;
         }
@@ -614,7 +617,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
     internal static bool TrySetErrno(CpuContext ctx, int value)
     {
         var address = GetTlsScratchAddress(ctx, TlsErrnoOffset);
-        return address != 0 && ctx.TryWriteInt32(address, value);
+        return address != 0 && TryWriteInt32(ctx, address, value);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -824,7 +827,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         }
 
         var moduleHandle = ResolveModuleHandleByAddress(queriedAddress);
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(outInfoAddress + ModuleInfoHandleOffset, moduleHandle))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, outInfoAddress + ModuleInfoHandleOffset, moduleHandle))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -854,7 +857,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         }
 
         var moduleHandle = ResolveModuleHandleByAddress(queriedAddress);
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(outInfoAddress + ModuleInfoHandleOffset, moduleHandle))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, outInfoAddress + ModuleInfoHandleOffset, moduleHandle))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1055,7 +1058,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
     public static int KernelStopUnloadModule(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         var resultAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.R9];
-        if (resultAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteInt32(resultAddress, 0))
+        if (resultAddress != 0 && !TryWriteInt32(ctx, resultAddress, 0))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1073,7 +1076,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
     {
         var modulePathAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         var resultAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.R9];
-        if (resultAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteInt32(resultAddress, 0))
+        if (resultAddress != 0 && !TryWriteInt32(ctx, resultAddress, 0))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1230,8 +1233,8 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
             : 0;
         var minutesWest = unchecked((int)-offset.TotalMinutes);
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(timezoneAddress, minutesWest) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteInt32(timezoneAddress + sizeof(int), dstSeconds / 60))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, timezoneAddress, minutesWest) ||
+            !TryWriteInt32(ctx, timezoneAddress + sizeof(int), dstSeconds / 60))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1241,7 +1244,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
 
-        if (dstSecondsAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteInt32(dstSecondsAddress, dstSeconds))
+        if (dstSecondsAddress != 0 && !TryWriteInt32(ctx, dstSecondsAddress, dstSeconds))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1301,7 +1304,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
             _loadedSysmodules.Add(moduleId);
         }
 
-        if (resultAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteInt32(resultAddress, 0))
+        if (resultAddress != 0 && !TryWriteInt32(ctx, resultAddress, 0))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1391,7 +1394,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(outInfoAddress + ModuleInfoHandleOffset, module.Handle))
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, outInfoAddress + ModuleInfoHandleOffset, module.Handle))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -1428,7 +1431,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         var writableCount = (int)Math.Min(Math.Min(capacity, (ulong)int.MaxValue), (ulong)handles.Length);
         for (var i = 0; i < writableCount; i++)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryWriteInt32(handlesAddress + (ulong)(i * sizeof(int)), handles[i]))
+            if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, handlesAddress + (ulong)(i * sizeof(int)), handles[i]))
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
             }
@@ -1501,6 +1504,13 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         return unchecked(ctx.FsBase + offset);
     }
 
+    private static bool TryWriteInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
+
     private static nint AllocateStackChkGuardObject()
     {
         try

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelSemaphoreCompatExports.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Text;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
@@ -44,12 +46,12 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
             initialCount > maxCount ||
             optionAddress != 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(nameAddress, MaxSemaphoreNameLength, out var name))
+        if (!TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(ctx, nameAddress, MaxSemaphoreNameLength, out var name))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         var handle = unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextSemaphoreHandle));
@@ -66,14 +68,14 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
             Count = initialCount,
         };
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(semaphoreAddress, handle))
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, semaphoreAddress, handle))
         {
             _semaphores.TryRemove(handle, out _);
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         TraceSemaphore($"create handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{name}' attr=0x{attr:X} init={initialCount} max={maxCount}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -89,12 +91,12 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
 
         if (!_semaphores.TryGetValue(handle, out var semaphore))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         if (needCount < 1 || needCount > semaphore.MaxCount)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         lock (semaphore.Gate)
@@ -103,30 +105,30 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
             {
                 semaphore.Count -= needCount;
                 TraceSemaphore($"wait handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' need={needCount} count={semaphore.Count}");
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
             }
 
             if (timeoutAddress != 0)
             {
-                if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(timeoutAddress, out _))
+                if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, timeoutAddress, out _))
                 {
-                    return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
                 }
 
-                _ = ctx.TryWriteUInt32(timeoutAddress, 0);
+                _ = TryWriteUInt32(ctx, timeoutAddress, 0);
                 TraceSemaphore($"wait-timeout handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' need={needCount} count={semaphore.Count}");
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TIMED_OUT);
             }
 
             if (!GuestThreadExecution.RequestCurrentThreadBlock(ctx, "sceKernelWaitSema"))
             {
                 TraceSemaphore($"wait-would-block handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' need={needCount} count={semaphore.Count}");
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN);
             }
 
             semaphore.WaitingThreads++;
             TraceSemaphore($"wait-block handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' need={needCount} count={semaphore.Count} waiters={semaphore.WaitingThreads}");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
         }
     }
 
@@ -142,12 +144,12 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
 
         if (!_semaphores.TryGetValue(handle, out var semaphore))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         if (needCount < 1 || needCount > semaphore.MaxCount)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         lock (semaphore.Gate)
@@ -155,12 +157,12 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
             if (semaphore.Count < needCount)
             {
                 TraceSemaphore($"poll-busy handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' need={needCount} count={semaphore.Count}");
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY);
             }
 
             semaphore.Count -= needCount;
             TraceSemaphore($"poll handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' need={needCount} count={semaphore.Count}");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
         }
     }
 
@@ -176,24 +178,24 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
 
         if (!_semaphores.TryGetValue(handle, out var semaphore))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         if (signalCount <= 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         lock (semaphore.Gate)
         {
             if (semaphore.Count > semaphore.MaxCount - signalCount)
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
             }
 
             semaphore.Count += signalCount;
             TraceSemaphore($"signal handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' signal={signalCount} count={semaphore.Count} waiters={semaphore.WaitingThreads}");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
         }
     }
 
@@ -210,25 +212,25 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
 
         if (!_semaphores.TryGetValue(handle, out var semaphore))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         if (setCount > semaphore.MaxCount)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         lock (semaphore.Gate)
         {
-            if (waitingThreadsAddress != 0 && !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(waitingThreadsAddress, unchecked((uint)semaphore.WaitingThreads)))
+            if (waitingThreadsAddress != 0 && !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, waitingThreadsAddress, unchecked((uint)semaphore.WaitingThreads)))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             semaphore.Count = setCount < 0 ? semaphore.InitialCount : setCount;
             semaphore.WaitingThreads = 0;
             TraceSemaphore($"cancel handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}' set={setCount} count={semaphore.Count}");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
         }
     }
 
@@ -242,11 +244,68 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
         var handle = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         if (!_semaphores.TryRemove(handle, out var semaphore))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
         TraceSemaphore($"delete handle=0x{handle:X8} name='{semaphore.Name}'");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
+    {
+        var value = (int)result;
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)value);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int maxLength, out string value)
+    {
+        value = string.Empty;
+        if (address == 0 || maxLength <= 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var bytes = new byte[Math.Min(maxLength, 4096)];
+        for (var i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
+        {
+            Span<byte> current = stackalloc byte[1];
+            if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address + (ulong)i, current))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (current[0] == 0)
+            {
+                value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, i);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            bytes[i] = current[0];
+        }
+
+        value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
+        return true;
     }
 
     private static void TraceSemaphore(string message)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Network/Http2Exports.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Network;
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ public static class Http2Exports
 
         if (poolSize == 0 || maxRequests <= 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(Http2ErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, Http2ErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         var id = Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextContextId);
@@ -51,11 +53,17 @@ public static class Http2Exports
         var id = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         if (!_contexts.TryRemove(id, out _))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(Http2ErrorInvalidId);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, Http2ErrorInvalidId);
         }
 
         TraceHttp2("term", id, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 
     private static void TraceHttp2(string operation, int id, ulong arg0, ulong arg1, ulong arg2, ulong arg3)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Network/HttpExports.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Network;
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ public static class HttpExports
         var poolSize = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         if (poolSize == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(HttpErrorInvalidValue);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, HttpErrorInvalidValue);
         }
 
         var id = Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextContextId);
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ public static class HttpExports
         var contextId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         if (!Contexts.ContainsKey(contextId))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(HttpErrorInvalidId);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, HttpErrorInvalidId);
         }
 
         var userAgentAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
@@ -74,8 +75,8 @@ public static class HttpExports
     {
         var templateId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         return Templates.TryRemove(templateId, out _)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(HttpErrorInvalidId);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, HttpErrorInvalidId);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ public static class HttpExports
         var contextId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         if (!Contexts.TryRemove(contextId, out _))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(HttpErrorInvalidId);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, HttpErrorInvalidId);
         }
 
         foreach (var pair in Templates)
@@ -99,7 +100,13 @@ public static class HttpExports
             }
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 
     private static void TraceHttp(string operation, int id, ulong arg0, ulong arg1, ulong arg2, ulong arg3)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Network/NetCtlExports.cs

@@ -57,27 +57,27 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         var natInfoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (natInfoAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress);
         }
 
         Span<byte> natInfo = stackalloc byte[NatInfoSize];
         if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(natInfoAddress, natInfo))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         var size = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(natInfo[..sizeof(uint)]);
         if (size != NatInfoSize)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(natInfo[4..], 1);
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(natInfo[8..], 3);
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(natInfo[12..], 0x7F000001);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(natInfoAddress, natInfo)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         LibraryName = "libSceNetCtl")]
     public static int NetCtlCheckCallback(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long));
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         var stateAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (stateAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress);
         }
 
         Span<byte> stateBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(stateBytes, 0);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(stateAddress, stateBytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         var callbackIdAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         if (function == 0 || callbackIdAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress);
         }
 
         lock (CallbackGate)
@@ -130,20 +130,20 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
             var callbackId = Array.FindIndex(Callbacks, static callback => callback.Function == 0);
             if (callbackId < 0)
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(NetCtlErrorNoSpace, typeof(long));
+                return SetReturn(ctx, NetCtlErrorNoSpace);
             }
 
             Span<byte> callbackIdBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
             BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(callbackIdBytes, unchecked((uint)callbackId));
             if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(callbackIdAddress, callbackIdBytes))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             Callbacks[callbackId] = new CallbackRegistration(function, argument);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK, typeof(long));
+        return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (infoAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetCtlErrorInvalidAddress);
         }
 
         return code switch
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
             NetCtlInfoHttpProxyConfig => WriteUInt32(ctx, infoAddress, 0),
             NetCtlInfoHttpProxyServer => WriteAsciiZ(ctx, infoAddress, string.Empty, 256),
             NetCtlInfoHttpProxyPort => WriteUInt16(ctx, infoAddress, 0),
-            _ => ctx.SetReturn(NetCtlErrorNotConnected, typeof(long)),
+            _ => SetReturn(ctx, NetCtlErrorNotConnected),
         };
     }
 
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
     {
         Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[count];
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     private static int WriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     private static int WriteUInt16(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ushort value)
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(bytes, value);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     private static int WriteAsciiZ(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, string value, int byteCount)
@@ -217,7 +217,13 @@ public static class NetCtlExports
         }
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(long)result);
+        return result;
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Network/NetExports.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+using System;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Network;
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ public static class NetExports
     {
         _initialized = true;
         TraceNet("init", 0, 0, 0, 0);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ public static class NetExports
         _pools.Clear();
         _resolvers.Clear();
         TraceNet("term", 0, 0, 0, 0);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ public static class NetExports
 
         if (size <= 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         var name = TryReadUtf8Z(ctx, nameAddress, MaxNameLength, out var value)
@@ -88,11 +90,11 @@ public static class NetExports
         var id = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         if (!_pools.TryRemove(id, out _))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetErrorBadFileDescriptor);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetErrorBadFileDescriptor);
         }
 
         TraceNet("pool.destroy", id, 0, 0, _initialized ? 1UL : 0UL);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ public static class NetExports
         var flags = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
         if (flags != 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         var name = TryReadUtf8Z(ctx, nameAddress, MaxNameLength, out var value)
@@ -129,8 +131,8 @@ public static class NetExports
     {
         var id = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         return _resolvers.TryRemove(id, out _)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(NetErrorBadFileDescriptor);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, NetErrorBadFileDescriptor);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -144,19 +146,25 @@ public static class NetExports
         var statusAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (statusAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         if (!_resolvers.TryGetValue(id, out var resolver))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NetErrorBadFileDescriptor);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NetErrorBadFileDescriptor);
         }
 
         Span<byte> status = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(status, resolver.LastError);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(statusAddress, status)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 
     private static bool TryReadUtf8Z(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int maxLength, out string value)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Network/SslExports.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Network;
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ public static class SslExports
         var poolSize = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (poolSize == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(SslErrorOutOfSize);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, SslErrorOutOfSize);
         }
 
         var id = Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextContextId);
@@ -47,11 +49,11 @@ public static class SslExports
         var id = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         if (!_contexts.TryRemove(id, out _))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(SslErrorInvalidId);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, SslErrorInvalidId);
         }
 
         TraceSsl("term", id, 0);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -63,7 +65,13 @@ public static class SslExports
     {
         var id = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         TraceSsl("close", id, 0);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 
     private static void TraceSsl(string operation, int id, ulong arg0)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ngs2/Ngs2Exports.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Ngs2;
 
@@ -38,13 +39,13 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         var outHandleAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         if (outHandleAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
         }
 
         if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 1, ownerHandle: 0, out var handle) ||
             !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         lock (StateGate)
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             Systems[handle] = new SystemState(unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextUid)));
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         {
             if (!Systems.Remove(handle))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
             }
 
             var rackHandles = Racks
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             }
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -97,19 +98,19 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         {
             if (!Systems.ContainsKey(systemHandle))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
             }
         }
 
         if (outHandleAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
         }
 
         if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 2, systemHandle, out var handle) ||
             !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         lock (StateGate)
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             Racks[handle] = new RackState(systemHandle, rackId);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -132,13 +133,13 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         {
             if (!Racks.ContainsKey(handle))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidRackHandle);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidRackHandle);
             }
 
             RemoveRackLocked(handle);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         {
             if (!Racks.ContainsKey(rackHandle))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidRackHandle);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidRackHandle);
             }
 
             var existing = Voices.FirstOrDefault(
@@ -163,20 +164,20 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             if (existing.Key != 0)
             {
                 return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, existing.Key)
-                    ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-                    : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                    ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+                    : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
         }
 
         if (outHandleAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
         }
 
         if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 4, rackHandle, out var handle) ||
             !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         lock (StateGate)
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             Voices[handle] = new VoiceState(rackHandle, voiceIndex);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -196,10 +197,9 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
     {
         lock (StateGate)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(
-                Voices.ContainsKey(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) 
-                    ? 0 
-                    : OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidVoiceHandle);
+            return SetReturn(
+                ctx,
+                Voices.ContainsKey(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? 0 : OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidVoiceHandle);
         }
     }
 
@@ -224,13 +224,13 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         {
             if (!Systems.ContainsKey(systemHandle))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
             }
         }
 
         if (bufferInfoCount != 0 && bufferInfoAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         for (uint i = 0; i < bufferInfoCount; i++)
@@ -239,14 +239,14 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             if (!ctx.TryReadUInt64(entryAddress, out var bufferAddress) ||
                 !ctx.TryReadUInt64(entryAddress + 8, out var bufferSize))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             if (bufferAddress != 0 && bufferSize != 0)
             {
                 if (bufferSize > MaximumRenderBufferSize || !TryClearGuestBuffer(ctx, bufferAddress, bufferSize))
                 {
-                    return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
                 $"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.render#{count} system=0x{systemHandle:X16} buffers={bufferInfoCount}");
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     private static bool TryCreateHandle(CpuContext ctx, uint type, ulong ownerHandle, out ulong handle)
@@ -313,4 +313,10 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_NGS2"),
             "1",
             StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpEntitlementAccessExports.cs

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ public static class NpEntitlementAccessExports
             clear.Clear();
             if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(bootParam, clear))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
         }
 
         TraceNpEntitlementAccess($"initialize init=0x{initParam:X16} boot=0x{bootParam:X16}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -48,14 +48,20 @@ public static class NpEntitlementAccessExports
             emptyList.Clear();
             if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(listAddress, emptyList))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
         }
 
         TraceNpEntitlementAccess(
             $"get_addcont_info_list service=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X16} list=0x{listAddress:X16} " +
             $"max={ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]} flags=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx]:X16} -> empty");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)result);
+        return (int)result;
     }
 
     private static void TraceNpEntitlementAccess(string message)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpManagerExports.cs

@@ -76,14 +76,14 @@ public static class NpManagerExports
         var stateAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (stateAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Span<byte> stateBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(stateBytes, 1);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(stateAddress, stateBytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public static class NpManagerExports
         var titleSecretAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (titleIdAddress == 0 || titleSecretAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Span<byte> titleId = stackalloc byte[NpTitleIdSize];
@@ -105,11 +105,17 @@ public static class NpManagerExports
         if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(titleIdAddress, titleId) ||
             !ctx.Memory.TryRead(titleSecretAddress, titleSecret))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         TraceNp($"set_np_title_id title='{ReadTitleId(titleId)}'");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)result);
+        return (int)result;
     }
 
     private static string ReadTitleId(ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpUniversalDataSystemExports.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Np;
 
@@ -21,13 +22,13 @@ public static class NpUniversalDataSystemExports
         var parameterAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (parameterAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NpUniversalDataSystemErrorInvalidArgument, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NpUniversalDataSystemErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         Span<byte> parameters = stackalloc byte[16];
         return ctx.Memory.TryRead(parameterAddress, parameters)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ public static class NpUniversalDataSystemExports
         var contextAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (contextAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
         }
 
         Span<byte> context = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(context, 1);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(contextAddress, context)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long))
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -58,13 +59,13 @@ public static class NpUniversalDataSystemExports
     public static int NpUniversalDataSystemCreateHandle(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         var handle = Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextHandle);
-        if (ctx.TryWriteInt32(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], handle, checkNil: true) ||
-            ctx.TryWriteInt32(ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi], handle, checkNil: true))
+        if (TryWriteInt32(ctx, ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], handle) ||
+            TryWriteInt32(ctx, ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi], handle))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long));
+            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT, typeof(long));
+        return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -74,6 +75,24 @@ public static class NpUniversalDataSystemExports
         LibraryName = "libSceNpUniversalDataSystem")]
     public static int NpUniversalDataSystemRegisterContext(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long));
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int value)
+    {
+        if (address == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(long)result);
+        return result;
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpWebApi2Exports.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Np;
@@ -23,12 +25,12 @@ public static class NpWebApi2Exports
 
         if (httpContextId <= 0 || poolSize == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(NpWebApi2ErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, NpWebApi2ErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         Interlocked.Exchange(ref _initialized, 1);
         TraceNpWebApi2("init", httpContextId, poolSize);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -41,7 +43,13 @@ public static class NpWebApi2Exports
         var libraryContextId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         Interlocked.Exchange(ref _initialized, 0);
         TraceNpWebApi2("term", libraryContextId, 0);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 
     private static void TraceNpWebApi2(string operation, int id, ulong arg0)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Pad/DualSenseReader.cs

@@ -1,470 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Pad;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Snapshot of the DualSense state, already translated to ORBIS pad
-/// conventions (SCE_PAD_BUTTON bits; sticks 0..255 with 128 centered;
-/// triggers 0..255).
-/// </summary>
-internal readonly record struct DualSenseState(
-    bool Connected,
-    uint Buttons,
-    byte LeftX,
-    byte LeftY,
-    byte RightX,
-    byte RightY,
-    byte L2,
-    byte R2);
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Reads a DualSense controller over raw HID on a background thread.
-/// Supports USB (input report 0x01) and Bluetooth (extended report 0x31,
-/// activated by requesting feature report 0x05), with hot-plug retry.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class DualSenseReader
-{
-    private const ushort SonyVendorId = 0x054C;
-    private const ushort DualSenseProductId = 0x0CE6;
-    private const ushort DualSenseEdgeProductId = 0x0DF2;
-
-    // SCE_PAD_BUTTON bit values.
-    private const uint ButtonL3 = 0x0002;
-    private const uint ButtonR3 = 0x0004;
-    private const uint ButtonOptions = 0x0008;
-    private const uint ButtonUp = 0x0010;
-    private const uint ButtonRight = 0x0020;
-    private const uint ButtonDown = 0x0040;
-    private const uint ButtonLeft = 0x0080;
-    private const uint ButtonL2 = 0x0100;
-    private const uint ButtonR2 = 0x0200;
-    private const uint ButtonL1 = 0x0400;
-    private const uint ButtonR1 = 0x0800;
-    private const uint ButtonTriangle = 0x1000;
-    private const uint ButtonCircle = 0x2000;
-    private const uint ButtonCross = 0x4000;
-    private const uint ButtonSquare = 0x8000;
-    private const uint ButtonTouchPad = 0x100000;
-
-    private static readonly object Gate = new();
-    private static DualSenseState _state;
-    private static bool _started;
-
-    // Output (rumble/lightbar) state, all guarded by Gate.
-    private static string? _devicePath;
-    private static bool _bluetooth;
-    private static bool _outputReady;
-    private static bool _lightbarSetupPending;
-    private static byte _outputSequence;
-    private static FileStream? _outputStream;
-    private static byte _motorLeft;
-    private static byte _motorRight;
-    private static byte _lightbarRed;
-    private static byte _lightbarGreen;
-    private static byte _lightbarBlue = 64; // PS-style blue default
-    private static byte _playerLeds = 0x04; // center LED = player 1
-
-    /// <summary>Starts the background reader once; safe to call repeatedly.</summary>
-    internal static void EnsureStarted()
-    {
-        if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            if (_started)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _started = true;
-            var thread = new Thread(ReadLoop)
-            {
-                IsBackground = true,
-                Name = "DualSenseReader",
-            };
-            thread.Start();
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal static bool TryGetState(out DualSenseState state)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            state = _state;
-        }
-
-        return state.Connected;
-    }
-
-    private static void SetState(in DualSenseState state)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _state = state;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Sets rumble; large = left/strong motor, small = right/weak.</summary>
-    internal static void SetRumble(byte largeMotor, byte smallMotor)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            if (_motorLeft == largeMotor && _motorRight == smallMotor)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _motorLeft = largeMotor;
-            _motorRight = smallMotor;
-            SendOutputLocked();
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal static void SetLightbar(byte red, byte green, byte blue)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            if (_lightbarRed == red && _lightbarGreen == green && _lightbarBlue == blue)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _lightbarRed = red;
-            _lightbarGreen = green;
-            _lightbarBlue = blue;
-            SendOutputLocked();
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal static void ResetLightbar() => SetLightbar(0, 0, 64);
-
-    private static void OnDeviceIdentified(string path, bool bluetooth)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _devicePath = path;
-            _bluetooth = bluetooth;
-            _outputReady = true;
-            _lightbarSetupPending = true;
-            // Announce ourselves on the hardware: default lightbar + player 1 LED.
-            SendOutputLocked();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void OnDeviceLost()
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _devicePath = null;
-            _outputReady = false;
-            _motorLeft = 0;
-            _motorRight = 0;
-            _outputStream?.Dispose();
-            _outputStream = null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void SendOutputLocked()
-    {
-        if (!_outputReady || _devicePath is null)
-        {
-            return; // flushed by OnDeviceIdentified once connected
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            if (_outputStream is null)
-            {
-                var handle = HidNative.CreateFile(
-                    _devicePath,
-                    HidNative.GenericRead | HidNative.GenericWrite,
-                    HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite,
-                    0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
-                if (handle.IsInvalid)
-                {
-                    handle.Dispose();
-                    return; // read-only device access: outputs unavailable
-                }
-
-                _outputStream = new FileStream(handle, FileAccess.Write, bufferSize: 1);
-            }
-
-            var report = BuildOutputReportLocked();
-            _outputStream.Write(report, 0, report.Length);
-            _outputStream.Flush();
-        }
-        catch (Exception)
-        {
-            _outputStream?.Dispose();
-            _outputStream = null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static byte[] BuildOutputReportLocked()
-    {
-        // Common 47-byte output payload (offsets per the DualSense output
-        // report layout, same as Linux hid-playstation).
-        Span<byte> common = stackalloc byte[47];
-        common[0] = 0x03;                    // valid_flag0: compatible vibration + haptics select
-        common[1] = 0x04 | 0x10;             // valid_flag1: lightbar + player indicator
-        common[2] = _motorRight;             // right (weak) motor
-        common[3] = _motorLeft;              // left (strong) motor
-        if (_lightbarSetupPending)
-        {
-            common[38] |= 0x02;              // valid_flag2: lightbar setup control enable
-            common[41] = 0x01;               // lightbar_setup: light on
-            _lightbarSetupPending = false;
-        }
-
-        common[43] = _playerLeds;
-        common[44] = _lightbarRed;
-        common[45] = _lightbarGreen;
-        common[46] = _lightbarBlue;
-
-        if (!_bluetooth)
-        {
-            var usbReport = new byte[48];
-            usbReport[0] = 0x02;
-            common.CopyTo(usbReport.AsSpan(1));
-            return usbReport;
-        }
-
-        // Bluetooth: 0x31 wrapper with sequence tag and CRC32 over a 0xA2
-        // seed byte plus the first 74 report bytes.
-        var btReport = new byte[78];
-        btReport[0] = 0x31;
-        btReport[1] = (byte)((_outputSequence & 0x0F) << 4);
-        _outputSequence = (byte)((_outputSequence + 1) & 0x0F);
-        btReport[2] = 0x10;
-        common.CopyTo(btReport.AsSpan(3));
-        var crc = Crc32(0xA2, btReport.AsSpan(0, 74));
-        btReport[74] = (byte)crc;
-        btReport[75] = (byte)(crc >> 8);
-        btReport[76] = (byte)(crc >> 16);
-        btReport[77] = (byte)(crc >> 24);
-        return btReport;
-    }
-
-    private static uint Crc32(byte seed, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
-    {
-        var crc = Crc32Update(0xFFFFFFFFu, seed);
-        foreach (var value in data)
-        {
-            crc = Crc32Update(crc, value);
-        }
-
-        return ~crc;
-    }
-
-    private static uint Crc32Update(uint crc, byte value)
-    {
-        crc ^= value;
-        for (var bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++)
-        {
-            crc = (crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320u & (uint)-(int)(crc & 1));
-        }
-
-        return crc;
-    }
-
-    private static void ReadLoop()
-    {
-        var announcedConnect = false;
-        while (true)
-        {
-            SafeFileHandle? handle = null;
-            try
-            {
-                handle = OpenDualSense(out var devicePath);
-                if (handle is null || devicePath is null)
-                {
-                    SetState(default);
-                    announcedConnect = false;
-                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // Bluetooth quirk: the DualSense sends a simplified report
-                // until feature report 0x05 is requested, which switches it
-                // to the full 0x31 input report. Harmless over USB.
-                var feature = new byte[41];
-                feature[0] = 0x05;
-                _ = HidNative.HidD_GetFeature(handle, feature, feature.Length);
-
-                if (!announcedConnect)
-                {
-                    Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] DualSense controller connected.");
-                    announcedConnect = true;
-                }
-
-                using var stream = new FileStream(handle, FileAccess.Read, bufferSize: 1);
-                handle = null; // stream owns it now
-                var buffer = new byte[256];
-                var transportKnown = false;
-                while (true)
-                {
-                    var read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
-                    if (read <= 0)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    if (TryParseReport(buffer.AsSpan(0, read), out var state))
-                    {
-                        if (!transportKnown)
-                        {
-                            // The first parsed report tells us the transport,
-                            // which the output (rumble/lightbar) path needs.
-                            transportKnown = true;
-                            OnDeviceIdentified(devicePath, bluetooth: buffer[0] == 0x31);
-                        }
-
-                        SetState(state);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            catch (Exception)
-            {
-                // Unplugged or read error: fall through and retry.
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                handle?.Dispose();
-            }
-
-            if (announcedConnect)
-            {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] DualSense controller disconnected.");
-                announcedConnect = false;
-            }
-
-            OnDeviceLost();
-            SetState(default);
-            Thread.Sleep(1000);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static SafeFileHandle? OpenDualSense(out string? devicePath)
-    {
-        devicePath = null;
-        foreach (var path in HidNative.EnumerateHidDevicePaths())
-        {
-            // Open without access rights just to query VID/PID.
-            using var probe = HidNative.CreateFile(
-                path, 0, HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite, 0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
-            if (probe.IsInvalid)
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            var attributes = new HidNative.HiddAttributes { Size = 12 };
-            if (!HidNative.HidD_GetAttributes(probe, ref attributes) ||
-                attributes.VendorId != SonyVendorId ||
-                (attributes.ProductId != DualSenseProductId && attributes.ProductId != DualSenseEdgeProductId))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // Read+write so feature reports work; fall back to read-only.
-            var handle = HidNative.CreateFile(
-                path,
-                HidNative.GenericRead | HidNative.GenericWrite,
-                HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite,
-                0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
-            if (handle.IsInvalid)
-            {
-                handle.Dispose();
-                handle = HidNative.CreateFile(
-                    path,
-                    HidNative.GenericRead,
-                    HidNative.FileShareRead | HidNative.FileShareWrite,
-                    0, HidNative.OpenExisting, 0, 0);
-            }
-
-            if (!handle.IsInvalid)
-            {
-                devicePath = path;
-                return handle;
-            }
-
-            handle.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    private static bool TryParseReport(ReadOnlySpan<byte> report, out DualSenseState state)
-    {
-        // USB: report id 0x01, payload starts at [1].
-        // Bluetooth extended: report id 0x31, sequence byte at [1], payload at [2].
-        int offset;
-        if (report.Length >= 11 && report[0] == 0x01)
-        {
-            offset = 1;
-        }
-        else if (report.Length >= 12 && report[0] == 0x31)
-        {
-            offset = 2;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            state = default;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var leftX = report[offset + 0];
-        var leftY = report[offset + 1];
-        var rightX = report[offset + 2];
-        var rightY = report[offset + 3];
-        var l2 = report[offset + 4];
-        var r2 = report[offset + 5];
-        var buttons0 = report[offset + 7];
-        var buttons1 = report[offset + 8];
-        var buttons2 = report[offset + 9];
-
-        uint buttons = 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x10) != 0 ? ButtonSquare : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x20) != 0 ? ButtonCross : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x40) != 0 ? ButtonCircle : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons0 & 0x80) != 0 ? ButtonTriangle : 0;
-        buttons |= HatToButtons(buttons0 & 0x0F);
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x01) != 0 ? ButtonL1 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x02) != 0 ? ButtonR1 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x04) != 0 ? ButtonL2 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x08) != 0 ? ButtonR2 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x20) != 0 ? ButtonOptions : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x40) != 0 ? ButtonL3 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons1 & 0x80) != 0 ? ButtonR3 : 0;
-        buttons |= (buttons2 & 0x02) != 0 ? ButtonTouchPad : 0;
-
-        state = new DualSenseState(
-            Connected: true,
-            Buttons: buttons,
-            LeftX: leftX,
-            LeftY: leftY,
-            RightX: rightX,
-            RightY: rightY,
-            L2: l2,
-            R2: r2);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    private static uint HatToButtons(int hat) => hat switch
-    {
-        0 => ButtonUp,
-        1 => ButtonUp | ButtonRight,
-        2 => ButtonRight,
-        3 => ButtonRight | ButtonDown,
-        4 => ButtonDown,
-        5 => ButtonDown | ButtonLeft,
-        6 => ButtonLeft,
-        7 => ButtonLeft | ButtonUp,
-        _ => 0,
-    };
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Pad/HidNative.cs

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Pad;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Minimal Win32 HID interop used to talk to a DualSense controller
-/// directly, without any external input library.
-/// </summary>
-internal static partial class HidNative
-{
-    internal const int DigcfPresent = 0x02;
-    internal const int DigcfDeviceInterface = 0x10;
-    internal const uint GenericRead = 0x80000000;
-    internal const uint GenericWrite = 0x40000000;
-    internal const uint FileShareRead = 0x1;
-    internal const uint FileShareWrite = 0x2;
-    internal const uint OpenExisting = 3;
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    internal struct SpDeviceInterfaceData
-    {
-        public int CbSize;
-        public Guid InterfaceClassGuid;
-        public int Flags;
-        public nint Reserved;
-    }
-
-    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-    internal struct HiddAttributes
-    {
-        public int Size;
-        public ushort VendorId;
-        public ushort ProductId;
-        public ushort VersionNumber;
-    }
-
-    [DllImport("hid.dll")]
-    internal static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(out Guid hidGuid);
-
-    [DllImport("hid.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool HidD_GetAttributes(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, ref HiddAttributes attributes);
-
-    [DllImport("hid.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool HidD_GetFeature(SafeFileHandle hidDeviceObject, byte[] reportBuffer, int reportBufferLength);
-
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    internal static extern nint SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid classGuid, nint enumerator, nint hwndParent, int flags);
-
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(
-        nint deviceInfoSet,
-        nint deviceInfoData,
-        ref Guid interfaceClassGuid,
-        int memberIndex,
-        ref SpDeviceInterfaceData deviceInterfaceData);
-
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
-    internal static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
-        nint deviceInfoSet,
-        ref SpDeviceInterfaceData deviceInterfaceData,
-        nint deviceInterfaceDetailData,
-        int deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize,
-        out int requiredSize,
-        nint deviceInfoData);
-
-    [DllImport("setupapi.dll")]
-    internal static extern bool SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(nint deviceInfoSet);
-
-    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
-    internal static extern SafeFileHandle CreateFile(
-        string fileName,
-        uint desiredAccess,
-        uint shareMode,
-        nint securityAttributes,
-        uint creationDisposition,
-        uint flagsAndAttributes,
-        nint templateFile);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Enumerates the device paths of all present HID interfaces.
-    /// </summary>
-    internal static List<string> EnumerateHidDevicePaths()
-    {
-        var paths = new List<string>();
-        HidD_GetHidGuid(out var hidGuid);
-        var deviceInfoSet = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref hidGuid, 0, 0, DigcfPresent | DigcfDeviceInterface);
-        if (deviceInfoSet == -1 || deviceInfoSet == 0)
-        {
-            return paths;
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            var interfaceData = new SpDeviceInterfaceData
-            {
-                CbSize = Marshal.SizeOf<SpDeviceInterfaceData>(),
-            };
-
-            for (var index = 0; SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(deviceInfoSet, 0, ref hidGuid, index, ref interfaceData); index++)
-            {
-                SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(deviceInfoSet, ref interfaceData, 0, 0, out var requiredSize, 0);
-                if (requiredSize <= 0)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                var detailBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(requiredSize);
-                try
-                {
-                    // SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W.cbSize is 8 on x64
-                    // (DWORD + aligned WCHAR[1]); the path string follows it.
-                    Marshal.WriteInt32(detailBuffer, 8);
-                    if (SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(deviceInfoSet, ref interfaceData, detailBuffer, requiredSize, out _, 0) &&
-                        Marshal.PtrToStringUni(detailBuffer + 4) is { Length: > 0 } path)
-                    {
-                        paths.Add(path);
-                    }
-                }
-                finally
-                {
-                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(detailBuffer);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(deviceInfoSet);
-        }
-
-        return paths;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Pad/PadExports.cs

@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@ public static class PadExports
     public static int PadInit(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         _initialized = true;
-        DualSenseReader.EnsureStarted();
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -47,24 +46,21 @@ public static class PadExports
         var parameterAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
         if (!_initialized)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorNotInitialized);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorNotInitialized);
         }
 
         if (userId == -1)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorDeviceNoHandle);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorDeviceNoHandle);
         }
 
         if (userId != PrimaryUserId || type != StandardPortType || index != 0 || parameterAddress != 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorDeviceNotConnected);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorDeviceNotConnected);
         }
 
-        DualSenseReader.EnsureStarted();
-        Console.Error.WriteLine(DualSenseReader.TryGetState(out _)
-            ? "[LOADER][INFO] Controls: DualSense connected (keyboard fallback also active)."
-            : "[LOADER][INFO] Keyboard controls: Arrow keys = D-pad, WASD = left stick, IJKL = right stick, Z/Enter = Cross, X/Esc = Circle, C = Square, V = Triangle, Q = L1, E = R1, R = L2, F = R2, Tab/Backspace = Options. A DualSense will be used automatically when plugged in.");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(PrimaryPadHandle);
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Keyboard controls: Arrow keys = D-pad, WASD = left stick, IJKL = right stick, Z/Enter = Cross, X/Esc = Circle, C = Square, V = Triangle, Q = L1, E = R1, R = L2, F = R2, Tab/Backspace = Options");
+        return SetReturn(ctx, PrimaryPadHandle);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -76,8 +72,8 @@ public static class PadExports
     {
         var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         return handle == PrimaryPadHandle
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -91,12 +87,12 @@ public static class PadExports
         var informationAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (handle != PrimaryPadHandle)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
         }
 
         if (informationAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Span<byte> information = stackalloc byte[ControllerInformationSize];
@@ -111,8 +107,8 @@ public static class PadExports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(information[0x10..], 0);
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(informationAddress, information)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -126,17 +122,17 @@ public static class PadExports
         var dataAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (handle != PrimaryPadHandle)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
         }
 
         if (dataAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         return WriteNeutralPadData(ctx, dataAddress)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -151,17 +147,17 @@ public static class PadExports
         var count = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
         if (handle != PrimaryPadHandle)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
         }
 
         if (dataAddress == 0 || count < 1 || count > 64)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         return WriteNeutralPadData(ctx, dataAddress)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(1)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 1)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -171,84 +167,7 @@ public static class PadExports
     LibraryName = "libScePad")]
     public static int PadSetVibrationMode(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "yFVnOdGxvZY",
-        ExportName = "scePadSetVibration",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libScePad")]
-    public static int PadSetVibration(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var parameterAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (handle != PrimaryPadHandle)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
-        }
-
-        if (parameterAddress == 0)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-        }
-
-        // ScePadVibrationParam: { uint8_t largeMotor; uint8_t smallMotor; }
-        Span<byte> parameter = stackalloc byte[2];
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(parameterAddress, parameter))
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-        }
-
-        DualSenseReader.SetRumble(parameter[0], parameter[1]);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "RR4novUEENY",
-        ExportName = "scePadSetLightBar",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libScePad")]
-    public static int PadSetLightBar(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var parameterAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (handle != PrimaryPadHandle)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
-        }
-
-        if (parameterAddress == 0)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-        }
-
-        // ScePadColor: { uint8_t r; uint8_t g; uint8_t b; uint8_t reserved; }
-        Span<byte> color = stackalloc byte[4];
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(parameterAddress, color))
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-        }
-
-        DualSenseReader.SetLightbar(color[0], color[1], color[2]);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "DscD1i9HX1w",
-        ExportName = "scePadResetLightBar",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libScePad")]
-    public static int PadResetLightBar(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        if (handle != PrimaryPadHandle)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
-        }
-
-        DualSenseReader.ResetLightbar();
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     private static bool WriteNeutralPadData(CpuContext ctx, ulong dataAddress)
@@ -257,33 +176,17 @@ public static class PadExports
         data.Clear();
         var acceptsKeyboardInput = IsEmulatorWindowFocused();
         var buttons = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadKeyboardButtons() : 0;
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(data[0x00..], buttons);
         var leftX = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x41), IsKeyDown(0x44)) : (byte)128;
         var leftY = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x57), IsKeyDown(0x53)) : (byte)128;
         var rightX = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x4A), IsKeyDown(0x4C)) : (byte)128;
         var rightY = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x49), IsKeyDown(0x4B)) : (byte)128;
-        var l2 = acceptsKeyboardInput && IsKeyDown(0x52) ? (byte)255 : (byte)0;
-        var r2 = acceptsKeyboardInput && IsKeyDown(0x46) ? (byte)255 : (byte)0;
-
-        if (DualSenseReader.TryGetState(out var pad))
-        {
-            buttons |= pad.Buttons;
-            // The controller stick wins whenever it is deflected past a
-            // small deadzone; otherwise any keyboard value stays.
-            leftX = MergeAxis(pad.LeftX, leftX);
-            leftY = MergeAxis(pad.LeftY, leftY);
-            rightX = MergeAxis(pad.RightX, rightX);
-            rightY = MergeAxis(pad.RightY, rightY);
-            l2 = Math.Max(l2, pad.L2);
-            r2 = Math.Max(r2, pad.R2);
-        }
-
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(data[0x00..], buttons);
         data[0x04] = leftX;
         data[0x05] = leftY;
         data[0x06] = rightX;
         data[0x07] = rightY;
-        data[0x08] = l2;
-        data[0x09] = r2;
+        data[0x08] = acceptsKeyboardInput && IsKeyDown(0x52) ? (byte)255 : (byte)0;
+        data[0x09] = acceptsKeyboardInput && IsKeyDown(0x46) ? (byte)255 : (byte)0;
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteSingleLittleEndian(data[0x18..], 1.0f);
         data[0x4C] = 1;
         var timestampTicks = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
@@ -298,6 +201,12 @@ public static class PadExports
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(dataAddress, data);
     }
 
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     [DllImport("user32.dll")]
     private static extern short GetAsyncKeyState(int vKey);
 
@@ -351,10 +260,4 @@ public static class PadExports
         if (positive && !negative) return 255;
         return 128;
     }
-
-    private static byte MergeAxis(byte controller, byte keyboard)
-    {
-        const int Deadzone = 10;
-        return Math.Abs(controller - 128) > Deadzone ? controller : keyboard;
-    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/PlayGo/PlayGoExports.cs

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
         if (outChunkIdList == 0)
         {
             TracePlayGo($"get_chunk_id count_only entries={availableEntries} out_entries=0x{outEntries:X16}");
-            return ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outEntries, availableEntries)
+            return TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outEntries, availableEntries)
                 ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
                 : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -249,14 +249,14 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
         for (uint i = 0; i < entriesToWrite; i++)
         {
             var chunkId = chunkIds.Length == 0 ? (ushort)0 : chunkIds[i];
-            if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt16(outChunkIdList + (i * sizeof(ushort)), chunkId))
+            if (!TryWriteUInt16(ctx, outChunkIdList + (i * sizeof(ushort)), chunkId))
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
             }
         }
 
         TracePlayGo($"get_chunk_id write requested={numberOfEntries} wrote={entriesToWrite} available={availableEntries}");
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outEntries, entriesToWrite)
+        return TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outEntries, entriesToWrite)
             ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
             : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
     }
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
 
         return ValidateChunkIds(ctx, chunkIds, numberOfEntries) is { } chunkError && chunkError != 0
             ? chunkError
-            : ctx.TryWriteInt64(outEta, 0)
+            : TryWriteInt64(ctx, outEta, 0)
                 ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
                 : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
     }
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
             speed = _installSpeed;
         }
 
-        return ctx.TryWriteInt32(outSpeed, speed)
+        return TryWriteInt32(ctx, outSpeed, speed)
             ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
             : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
     }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
         var loci = new byte[numberOfEntries];
         for (uint i = 0; i < numberOfEntries; i++)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt16(chunkIds + (i * sizeof(ushort)), out var chunkId))
+            if (!TryReadUInt16(ctx, chunkIds + (i * sizeof(ushort)), out var chunkId))
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
             }
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
         }
 
         TracePlayGo($"get_todo requested={numberOfEntries} wrote=0");
-        return ctx.TryWriteUInt32(outEntries, 0)
+        return TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outEntries, 0)
             ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
             : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
     }
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
     {
         for (uint i = 0; i < numberOfEntries; i++)
         {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt16(chunkIds + (i * sizeof(ushort)), out var chunkId))
+            if (!TryReadUInt16(ctx, chunkIds + (i * sizeof(ushort)), out var chunkId))
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
             }
@@ -728,6 +728,47 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
         }
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt16(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ushort value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt16(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ushort value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, long value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(long)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(buffer, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, buffer);
+    }
+
     private static void TracePlayGo(string message)
     {
         if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_PLAYGO"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SaveData/SaveDataDialogExports.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.SaveData;
 
@@ -34,10 +35,10 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
     {
         if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _status, StatusInitialized, StatusNone) != StatusNone)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorAlreadyInitialized);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorAlreadyInitialized);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorOk);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -50,22 +51,22 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
         var paramAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (paramAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorArgNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorArgNull);
         }
 
         if (_status is not (StatusInitialized or StatusFinished))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorNotInitialized);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorNotInitialized);
         }
 
         _lastMode = TryReadInt32(ctx, paramAddress, out var mode) ? mode : 0;
-        _lastUserData = ctx.TryReadUInt64(paramAddress + 0xC8, out var userData) ? userData : 0;
+        _lastUserData = TryReadUInt64(ctx, paramAddress + 0xC8, out var userData) ? userData : 0;
 
         // There is no host save dialog yet. Complete immediately with OK so
         // guest polling sees a finished dialog instead of spinning forever.
         Interlocked.Exchange(ref _status, StatusFinished);
         TraceSaveDataDialog($"open mode={_lastMode} userData=0x{_lastUserData:X16} -> finished");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorOk);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -73,21 +74,21 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
         ExportName = "sceSaveDataDialogGetStatus",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceSaveDataDialog")]
-    public static int SaveDataDialogGetStatus(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Volatile.Read(ref _status));
+    public static int SaveDataDialogGetStatus(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, Volatile.Read(ref _status));
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "KK3Bdg1RWK0",
         ExportName = "sceSaveDataDialogUpdateStatus",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceSaveDataDialog")]
-    public static int SaveDataDialogUpdateStatus(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Volatile.Read(ref _status));
+    public static int SaveDataDialogUpdateStatus(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, Volatile.Read(ref _status));
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "en7gNVnh878",
         ExportName = "sceSaveDataDialogIsReadyToDisplay",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceSaveDataDialog")]
-    public static int SaveDataDialogIsReadyToDisplay(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(1);
+    public static int SaveDataDialogIsReadyToDisplay(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 1);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "yEiJ-qqr6Cg",
@@ -99,12 +100,12 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
         var resultAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (resultAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorArgNull);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorArgNull);
         }
 
         if (Volatile.Read(ref _status) != StatusFinished)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorNotFinished);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorNotFinished);
         }
 
         Span<byte> result = stackalloc byte[ResultSize];
@@ -116,10 +117,10 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
 
         if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(resultAddress, result))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorOk);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -131,10 +132,10 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
     {
         if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _status, StatusFinished, StatusRunning) != StatusRunning)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorNotRunning);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorNotRunning);
         }
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorOk);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -146,12 +147,12 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
     {
         if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _status, StatusNone) == StatusNone)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorNotInitialized);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorNotInitialized);
         }
 
         _lastMode = 0;
         _lastUserData = 0;
-        return ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, ErrorOk);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -159,14 +160,14 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
         ExportName = "sceSaveDataDialogProgressBarInc",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceSaveDataDialog")]
-    public static int SaveDataDialogProgressBarInc(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+    public static int SaveDataDialogProgressBarInc(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, ErrorOk);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "hay1CfTmLyA",
         ExportName = "sceSaveDataDialogProgressBarSetValue",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceSaveDataDialog")]
-    public static int SaveDataDialogProgressBarSetValue(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(ErrorOk);
+    public static int SaveDataDialogProgressBarSetValue(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, ErrorOk);
 
     private static bool TryReadInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out int value)
     {
@@ -181,6 +182,25 @@ public static class SaveDataDialogExports
         return true;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt64(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ulong value)
+    {
+        value = 0;
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     private static void TraceSaveDataDialog(string message)
     {
         if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_SAVEDATA"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SaveData/SaveDataExports.cs

@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         try
         {
             Directory.CreateDirectory(ResolveSaveDataRoot());
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
         }
         catch (IOException)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
         }
         catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
         }
     }
 
@@ -73,18 +73,18 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         var resultAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (condAddress == 0 || resultAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
         }
 
         if (!TryReadSearchCond(ctx, condAddress, out var cond) ||
             !TryReadSearchResult(ctx, resultAddress, out var result))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         if (cond.UserId < 0 || cond.SortKey > SortKeyFreeBlocks || cond.SortOrder > SortOrderDescent)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
         }
 
         try
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
             }
             else if (!TryReadFixedAscii(ctx, cond.TitleIdAddress, SaveDataTitleIdSize, out titleId))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             var root = ResolveTitleSaveRoot(cond.UserId, titleId);
@@ -108,21 +108,21 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
             var setNum = result.DirNamesNum == 0
                 ? 0
                 : Math.Min(result.DirNamesNum, entries.Count);
-            if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(resultAddress + ResultHitNumOffset, checked((uint)entries.Count)) ||
-                !ctx.TryWriteUInt32(resultAddress + ResultSetNumOffset, checked((uint)setNum)))
+            if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, resultAddress + ResultHitNumOffset, checked((uint)entries.Count)) ||
+                !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, resultAddress + ResultSetNumOffset, checked((uint)setNum)))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             if (setNum == 0)
             {
                 TraceSaveData($"dir_name_search user={cond.UserId} title={titleId} hits={entries.Count} set=0 root='{root}'");
-                return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
             }
 
             if (result.DirNamesAddress == 0)
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
             }
 
             for (var i = 0; i < setNum; i++)
@@ -138,20 +138,20 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
                     (result.InfosAddress != 0 &&
                      !TryWriteSearchInfo(ctx, result.InfosAddress + ((ulong)i * SaveDataSearchInfoSize), entry)))
                 {
-                    return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
                 }
             }
 
             TraceSaveData($"dir_name_search user={cond.UserId} title={titleId} hits={entries.Count} set={setNum} root='{root}'");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
         }
         catch (IOException)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
         }
         catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
         }
     }
 
@@ -166,25 +166,25 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         var resultAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (mountAddress == 0 || resultAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadInt32(mountAddress, out var userId) ||
+        if (!TryReadInt32(ctx, mountAddress, out var userId) ||
             !ctx.TryReadUInt64(mountAddress + 0x08, out var dirNameAddress) ||
             !ctx.TryReadUInt64(mountAddress + 0x10, out var blocks) ||
             !ctx.TryReadUInt64(mountAddress + 0x18, out var systemBlocks) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(mountAddress + 0x20, out var mountMode) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(mountAddress + 0x24, out var resource) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(mountAddress + 0x28, out var mode) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, mountAddress + 0x20, out var mountMode) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, mountAddress + 0x24, out var resource) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, mountAddress + 0x28, out var mode) ||
             dirNameAddress == 0 ||
             !TryReadFixedAscii(ctx, dirNameAddress, SaveDataDirNameSize, out var dirName))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         if (userId < 0 || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dirName))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
         }
 
         try
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
 
             if (!existed && !create && !createIfMissing)
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorNotFound);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorNotFound);
             }
 
             if (existed && create)
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorExists);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorExists);
             }
 
             if (!existed)
@@ -221,26 +221,26 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
             BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(result[0x1C..], createIfMissing && !existed ? 1u : 0u);
             if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(resultAddress, result))
             {
-                return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
             TraceSaveData(
                 $"mount3 user={userId} title={titleId} dir={dirName} blocks={blocks} " +
                 $"system_blocks={systemBlocks} mount_mode=0x{mountMode:X} resource={resource} mode={mode} " +
                 $"mount_point={mountPoint} created={!existed} root='{savePath}'");
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
         }
         catch (IOException)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
         }
         catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
         }
         catch (ArgumentException)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
         }
     }
 
@@ -258,30 +258,30 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
 
         if (resourceAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
         }
 
         var id = (uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextTransactionResource);
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt32(resourceAddress, id))
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, resourceAddress, id))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         TraceSaveData(
             $"create_transaction_resource user={userId} reserved=0x{reserved:X} resource_addr=0x{resourceAddress:X} id={id}");
 
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
     private static bool TryReadSearchCond(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out SearchCond cond)
     {
         cond = default;
-        if (!ctx.TryReadInt32(address, out var userId) ||
+        if (!TryReadInt32(ctx, address, out var userId) ||
             !ctx.TryReadUInt64(address + 0x08, out var titleIdAddress) ||
             !ctx.TryReadUInt64(address + 0x10, out var dirNameAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(address + 0x18, out var sortKey) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(address + 0x1C, out var sortOrder))
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, address + 0x18, out var sortKey) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, address + 0x1C, out var sortOrder))
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
     {
         result = default;
         if (!ctx.TryReadUInt64(address + ResultDirNamesOffset, out var dirNamesAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(address + ResultDirNamesNumOffset, out var dirNamesNum) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, address + ResultDirNamesNumOffset, out var dirNamesNum) ||
             !ctx.TryReadUInt64(address + ResultParamsOffset, out var paramsAddress) ||
             !ctx.TryReadUInt64(address + ResultInfosOffset, out var infosAddress))
         {
@@ -505,6 +505,45 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         }
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     private static void TraceSaveData(string message)
     {
         if (string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_SAVEDATA"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Share/ShareExports.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Share;
@@ -25,13 +26,13 @@ public static class ShareExports
         var affinityMask = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         if (memorySize == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         Interlocked.Exchange(ref _initialized, 1);
 
         TraceShare($"initialize memory=0x{memorySize:X} priority={priority} affinity=0x{affinityMask:X}");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -44,12 +45,12 @@ public static class ShareExports
         var contentParamAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (contentParamAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         if (!TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(ctx, contentParamAddress, MaxContentParamBytes, out var contentParam))
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
         _contentParam = contentParam;
@@ -59,7 +60,13 @@ public static class ShareExports
         }
 
         TraceShare($"set_content_param len={contentParam.Length} preview='{FormatTraceString(contentParam)}'");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)(int)result);
+        return (int)result;
     }
 
     private static bool TryReadNullTerminatedUtf8(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int maxLength, out string value)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj

@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
   <PropertyGroup>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SystemService/SystemServiceExports.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public static class SystemServiceExports
         var valueAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (valueAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSystemServiceErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSystemServiceErrorParameter);
         }
 
         var value = parameterId switch
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ public static class SystemServiceExports
         Span<byte> valueBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(valueBytes, value);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(valueAddress, valueBytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public static class SystemServiceExports
         var statusAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (statusAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSystemServiceErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSystemServiceErrorParameter);
         }
 
         Span<byte> status = stackalloc byte[SystemServiceStatusSize];
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ public static class SystemServiceExports
         status[0x06] = 1;
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(statusAddress, status)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public static class SystemServiceExports
         var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (infoAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSystemServiceErrorParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSystemServiceErrorParameter);
         }
 
         Span<byte> info = stackalloc byte[DisplaySafeAreaInfoSize];
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ public static class SystemServiceExports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteSingleLittleEndian(info, 1.0f);
 
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(infoAddress, info)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -94,6 +94,12 @@ public static class SystemServiceExports
     public static int SystemServiceHideSplashScreen(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         VulkanVideoPresenter.HideSplashScreen();
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/UserService/UserServiceExports.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.UserService;
 
@@ -39,12 +40,12 @@ public static class UserServiceExports
         var userIdAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (userIdAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
-        return ctx.TryWriteInt32(userIdAddress, PrimaryUserId)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        return TryWriteInt32(ctx, userIdAddress, PrimaryUserId)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ public static class UserServiceExports
         var userIdListAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (userIdListAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         Span<byte> userIds = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int) * 4];
@@ -66,8 +67,8 @@ public static class UserServiceExports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(userIds[0x08..], InvalidUserId);
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(userIds[0x0C..], InvalidUserId);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(userIdListAddress, userIds)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -80,20 +81,20 @@ public static class UserServiceExports
         var eventAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
         if (eventAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _loginEventDelivered, 1) != 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorNoEvent);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorNoEvent);
         }
 
         Span<byte> payload = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int) * 2];
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(payload[0..], 0);
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(payload[sizeof(int)..], PrimaryUserId);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(eventAddress, payload)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -108,25 +109,25 @@ public static class UserServiceExports
         var capacity = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         if (userId != PrimaryUserId)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidParameter);
         }
 
         if (nameAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
         var nameBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(PrimaryUserName);
         if (capacity <= (ulong)nameBytes.Length)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorBufferTooShort);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorBufferTooShort);
         }
 
         Span<byte> output = stackalloc byte[nameBytes.Length + 1];
         nameBytes.CopyTo(output);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(nameAddress, output)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -140,16 +141,29 @@ public static class UserServiceExports
         var valueAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (parameterId != 1000)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidParameter);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidParameter);
         }
 
         if (valueAddress == 0)
         {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisUserServiceErrorInvalidArgument);
         }
 
-        return ctx.TryWriteInt32(valueAddress, 0)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        return TryWriteInt32(ctx, valueAddress, 0)
+            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryWriteInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VideoOutExports.cs

@@ -922,9 +922,9 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
     private static bool TryReadBufferAttribute(CpuContext ctx, ulong attributeAddress, bool attribute2, out BufferAttribute attribute)
     {
         attribute = default;
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(attributeAddress + 0x04, out var tilingMode) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(attributeAddress + 0x0C, out var width) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(attributeAddress + 0x10, out var height))
+        if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, attributeAddress + 0x04, out var tilingMode) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, attributeAddress + 0x0C, out var width) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, attributeAddress + 0x10, out var height))
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -941,10 +941,10 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
             return true;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(attributeAddress + 0x00, out var pixelFormat32) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(attributeAddress + 0x08, out var aspectRatio) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(attributeAddress + 0x14, out var pitchInPixel) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt32(attributeAddress + 0x18, out var option32))
+        if (!TryReadUInt32(ctx, attributeAddress + 0x00, out var pixelFormat32) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, attributeAddress + 0x08, out var aspectRatio) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, attributeAddress + 0x14, out var pitchInPixel) ||
+            !TryReadUInt32(ctx, attributeAddress + 0x18, out var option32))
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1291,6 +1291,19 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
         return true;
     }
 
+    private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
+    {
+        Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, buffer))
+        {
+            value = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+        return true;
+    }
+
     private static bool TryReadInt16(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out short value)
     {
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(short)];

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs

@@ -168,7 +168,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
     private static readonly object _gate = new();
     private static readonly Queue<object> _pendingGuestWork = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, uint> _availableGuestImages = new();
-    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, uint> _gpuGuestImages = new();
     private static readonly HashSet<(ulong Address, uint Width, uint Height)>
         _tracedGuestImageSubmissions = [];
     private static Thread? _thread;
@@ -601,7 +600,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         return true;
     }
 
-    internal static bool IsGpuGuestImageAvailable(
+    internal static bool IsGuestImageAvailable(
         ulong address,
         uint format,
         uint numberType)
@@ -614,7 +613,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
         lock (_gate)
         {
-            return _gpuGuestImages.TryGetValue(address, out var availableFormat) &&
+            return _availableGuestImages.TryGetValue(address, out var availableFormat) &&
                 availableFormat == guestFormat;
         }
     }
@@ -972,8 +971,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             public VulkanGuestSampler SamplerState;
             public Sampler Sampler;
             public GuestImageResource? GuestImage;
-            public ulong CpuContentFingerprint;
-            public bool UpdatesCpuContent;
         }
 
         private sealed class GlobalBufferResource
@@ -1012,8 +1009,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             public Framebuffer Framebuffer;
             public bool Initialized;
             public bool InitialUploadPending;
-            public bool IsCpuBacked;
-            public ulong CpuContentFingerprint;
         }
 
         private sealed record PendingGuestSubmission(
@@ -1253,7 +1248,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             var applicationName = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("SharpEmu");
             var enableValidation = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION") == "1";
             byte* validationLayerName = null;
-
+            
             try
             {
                 var applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo
@@ -1313,7 +1308,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     {
                         throw new InvalidOperationException("VK_KHR_surface is unavailable.");
                     }
-
+                    
                     if (validationLayerName is not null && _vk.TryGetInstanceExtension(_instance, out ExtDebugUtils debugUtils))
                     {
                         _debugUtils = debugUtils;
@@ -1383,7 +1378,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             Check(debugUtils.CreateDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, &messengerInfo, null, out _debugMessenger),
                 "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
         }
-
+        
         private static unsafe uint DebugCallback(
             DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT severity,
             DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type,
@@ -2843,11 +2838,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                         $"tile={texture.TileMode} format={vkFormat}");
                 }
 
-                if (TryCreateCpuTextureRefreshResource(texture, guestImage, view, out var refresh))
-                {
-                    return refresh;
-                }
-
                 return new TextureResource
                 {
                     Address = texture.Address,
@@ -2865,71 +2855,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             return CreateTextureResource(texture);
         }
 
-        private bool TryCreateCpuTextureRefreshResource(
-            VulkanGuestDrawTexture texture,
-            GuestImageResource guestImage,
-            ImageView view,
-            out TextureResource resource)
-        {
-            resource = default!;
-            if (!guestImage.IsCpuBacked ||
-                guestImage.Width != texture.Width ||
-                guestImage.Height != texture.Height ||
-                guestImage.MipLevels != 1 ||
-                texture.RgbaPixels.Length == 0)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var rowLength = texture.TileMode == 0
-                ? Math.Max(texture.Pitch, texture.Width)
-                : texture.Width;
-            var expectedSize = GetTextureByteCount(texture.Format, rowLength, texture.Height);
-            if (expectedSize == 0 || expectedSize > int.MaxValue)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var pixels = texture.RgbaPixels.Length == (int)expectedSize
-                ? texture.RgbaPixels
-                : CreateFallbackTexturePixels(texture.Format, rowLength, texture.Height, expectedSize);
-            var fingerprint = ComputeTextureContentFingerprint(pixels);
-            if ((guestImage.Initialized || guestImage.InitialUploadPending) &&
-                guestImage.CpuContentFingerprint == fingerprint)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var uploadPixels = texture.Format == 13
-                ? ExpandRgb32Pixels(pixels)
-                : pixels;
-            var debugName = TextureDebugName(texture, guestImage.Format);
-            var (stagingBuffer, stagingMemory) = CreateTextureStagingBuffer(
-                uploadPixels,
-                $"{debugName} refresh staging");
-            TraceVulkanShader(
-                $"vk.texture_refresh addr=0x{texture.Address:X16} " +
-                $"size={texture.Width}x{texture.Height} bytes={uploadPixels.Length}");
-            resource = new TextureResource
-            {
-                Address = texture.Address,
-                StagingBuffer = stagingBuffer,
-                StagingMemory = stagingMemory,
-                Image = guestImage.Image,
-                View = view,
-                Width = guestImage.Width,
-                Height = guestImage.Height,
-                RowLength = rowLength,
-                DstSelect = texture.DstSelect,
-                NeedsUpload = true,
-                SamplerState = texture.Sampler,
-                GuestImage = guestImage,
-                CpuContentFingerprint = fingerprint,
-                UpdatesCpuContent = true,
-            };
-            return true;
-        }
-
         private static bool IsCompatibleGuestImageAlias(
             VulkanGuestDrawTexture texture,
             GuestImageResource guestImage)
@@ -3171,11 +3096,24 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             var uploadPixels = texture.Format == 13
                 ? ExpandRgb32Pixels(pixels)
                 : pixels;
-            var contentFingerprint = ComputeTextureContentFingerprint(pixels);
+            var uploadSize = (ulong)uploadPixels.Length;
 
-            var (stagingBuffer, stagingMemory) = CreateTextureStagingBuffer(
-                uploadPixels,
-                $"{TextureDebugName(texture, vkFormat)} staging");
+            var stagingBuffer = CreateBuffer(
+                uploadSize,
+                BufferUsageFlags.TransferSrcBit,
+                MemoryPropertyFlags.HostVisibleBit | MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCoherentBit,
+                out var stagingMemory);
+            void* mapped;
+            Check(_vk.MapMemory(_device, stagingMemory, 0, uploadSize, 0, &mapped), "vkMapMemory(texture)");
+            fixed (byte* source = uploadPixels)
+            {
+                System.Buffer.MemoryCopy(
+                    source,
+                    mapped,
+                    uploadPixels.Length,
+                    uploadPixels.Length);
+            }
+            _vk.UnmapMemory(_device, stagingMemory);
 
             var supportsAttachmentUsage = !IsBlockCompressedFormat(vkFormat);
             var imageInfo = new ImageCreateInfo
@@ -3225,6 +3163,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             };
             Check(_vk.CreateImageView(_device, &viewInfo, null, out var view), "vkCreateImageView(texture)");
             var debugName = TextureDebugName(texture, vkFormat);
+            SetDebugName(ObjectType.Buffer, stagingBuffer.Handle, $"{debugName} staging");
             SetDebugName(ObjectType.Image, image.Handle, $"{debugName} image");
             SetDebugName(ObjectType.ImageView, view.Handle, $"{debugName} view");
             var resource = new TextureResource
@@ -3242,8 +3181,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 NeedsUpload = true,
                 OwnsStorage = true,
                 SamplerState = texture.Sampler,
-                CpuContentFingerprint = contentFingerprint,
-                UpdatesCpuContent = texture.Address != 0,
             };
 
             if (texture.Address != 0 &&
@@ -3260,8 +3197,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     Memory = imageMemory,
                     View = view,
                     InitialUploadPending = true,
-                    IsCpuBacked = true,
-                    CpuContentFingerprint = contentFingerprint,
                 };
                 _guestImages.Add(texture.Address, guestImage);
                 resource.OwnsStorage = false;
@@ -3274,7 +3209,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     if (guestFormat != 0)
                     {
                         _availableGuestImages[texture.Address] = guestFormat;
-                        _gpuGuestImages.Remove(texture.Address);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -3282,41 +3216,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             return resource;
         }
 
-        private (VkBuffer Buffer, DeviceMemory Memory) CreateTextureStagingBuffer(
-            byte[] pixels,
-            string debugName)
-        {
-            var size = (ulong)pixels.Length;
-            var buffer = CreateBuffer(
-                size,
-                BufferUsageFlags.TransferSrcBit,
-                MemoryPropertyFlags.HostVisibleBit | MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCoherentBit,
-                out var memory);
-            void* mapped;
-            Check(_vk.MapMemory(_device, memory, 0, size, 0, &mapped), "vkMapMemory(texture)");
-            fixed (byte* source = pixels)
-            {
-                System.Buffer.MemoryCopy(source, mapped, pixels.Length, pixels.Length);
-            }
-            _vk.UnmapMemory(_device, memory);
-            SetDebugName(ObjectType.Buffer, buffer.Handle, debugName);
-            return (buffer, memory);
-        }
-
-        private static ulong ComputeTextureContentFingerprint(ReadOnlySpan<byte> pixels)
-        {
-            const ulong offsetBasis = 14695981039346656037;
-            const ulong prime = 1099511628211;
-            var hash = offsetBasis;
-            foreach (var value in pixels)
-            {
-                hash ^= value;
-                hash *= prime;
-            }
-
-            return hash;
-        }
-
         private void DumpTextureUpload(
             VulkanGuestDrawTexture texture,
             byte[] pixels,
@@ -4368,13 +4267,12 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 RecordTextureUploads(resources, PipelineStageFlags.FragmentShaderBit);
                 RecordStorageImagesForWrite(resources, PipelineStageFlags.FragmentShaderBit);
 
-                var targetHasPriorContents = target.Initialized || target.InitialUploadPending;
                 var toColorAttachment = new ImageMemoryBarrier
                 {
                     SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
-                    SrcAccessMask = targetHasPriorContents ? AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit : 0,
+                    SrcAccessMask = target.Initialized ? AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit : 0,
                     DstAccessMask = AccessFlags.ColorAttachmentWriteBit,
-                    OldLayout = targetHasPriorContents
+                    OldLayout = target.Initialized
                         ? ImageLayout.ShaderReadOnlyOptimal
                         : ImageLayout.Undefined,
                     NewLayout = ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal,
@@ -4385,8 +4283,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 };
                 _vk.CmdPipelineBarrier(
                     _commandBuffer,
-                    targetHasPriorContents
-                        ? PipelineStageFlags.AllCommandsBit
+                    target.Initialized
+                        ? PipelineStageFlags.FragmentShaderBit
                         : PipelineStageFlags.TopOfPipeBit,
                     PipelineStageFlags.ColorAttachmentOutputBit,
                     0,
@@ -4439,15 +4337,12 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 MarkSampledImagesInitialized(resources);
                 MarkStorageImagesInitialized(resources, traceContents: false);
 
-                var guestTextureFormat = VulkanVideoPresenter.GetGuestTextureFormat(
-                    work.Target.Format,
-                    work.Target.NumberType);
+                var guestTextureFormat = GetGuestTextureFormat(target.Format);
                 if (work.PublishTarget && guestTextureFormat != 0)
                 {
                     lock (_gate)
                     {
                         _availableGuestImages[target.Address] = guestTextureFormat;
-                        _gpuGuestImages[target.Address] = guestTextureFormat;
                     }
                 }
                 if (ShouldTraceGuestImageWriteForDiagnostics(target.Address))
@@ -4489,7 +4384,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     lock (_gate)
                     {
                         _availableGuestImages.Remove(work.Target.Address);
-                        _gpuGuestImages.Remove(work.Target.Address);
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -4529,8 +4423,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     existing.MipLevels == mipLevels &&
                     existing.Format == format)
                 {
-                    existing.IsCpuBacked = false;
-                    existing.CpuContentFingerprint = 0;
                     if (existing.RenderPass.Handle == 0)
                     {
                         var attachmentView = existing.MipViews.Length > 0
@@ -4556,7 +4448,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 lock (_gate)
                 {
                     _availableGuestImages.Remove(target.Address);
-                    _gpuGuestImages.Remove(target.Address);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -5495,18 +5386,11 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                var hasPriorContents = texture.GuestImage is { } guestImage &&
-                    (guestImage.Initialized || guestImage.InitialUploadPending);
                 var toTransfer = new ImageMemoryBarrier
                 {
                     SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
-                    SrcAccessMask = hasPriorContents
-                        ? AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit
-                        : 0,
                     DstAccessMask = AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
-                    OldLayout = hasPriorContents
-                        ? ImageLayout.ShaderReadOnlyOptimal
-                        : ImageLayout.Undefined,
+                    OldLayout = ImageLayout.Undefined,
                     NewLayout = ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
                     SrcQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
                     DstQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
@@ -5515,9 +5399,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 };
                 _vk.CmdPipelineBarrier(
                     _commandBuffer,
-                    hasPriorContents
-                        ? PipelineStageFlags.AllCommandsBit
-                        : PipelineStageFlags.TopOfPipeBit,
+                    PipelineStageFlags.TopOfPipeBit,
                     PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
                     0,
                     0,
@@ -5687,7 +5569,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     if (format != 0)
                     {
                         _availableGuestImages[texture.Address] = format;
-                        _gpuGuestImages[texture.Address] = format;
                     }
 
                     if (traceContents &&
@@ -5727,10 +5608,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
                     guestImage.Initialized = true;
                     guestImage.InitialUploadPending = false;
-                    if (texture.UpdatesCpuContent)
-                    {
-                        guestImage.CpuContentFingerprint = texture.CpuContentFingerprint;
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -6502,7 +6379,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             lock (_gate)
             {
                 _availableGuestImages.Clear();
-                _gpuGuestImages.Clear();
             }
             DestroySwapchainResources();
             if (_device.Handle != 0)

src/SharpEmu.Logging/CompositeLogSink.cs

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Logging;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Dispatches each <see cref="LogEntry"/> to every child sink.
-/// Exceptions thrown by a child are swallowed so one failing sink
-/// (e.g. a closed file) cannot silence the others.
-/// </summary>
-public sealed class CompositeLogSink : ISharpEmuLogSink, IDisposable
-{
-    private readonly ISharpEmuLogSink[] _sinks;
-    private bool _disposed;
-
-    public CompositeLogSink(params ISharpEmuLogSink[] sinks)
-    {
-        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(sinks);
-
-        foreach (var sink in sinks)
-        {
-            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(sink, nameof(sinks));
-        }
-
-        _sinks = sinks;
-    }
-
-    public IReadOnlyList<ISharpEmuLogSink> Sinks => _sinks;
-
-    public void Write(in LogEntry entry)
-    {
-        foreach (var sink in _sinks)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                sink.Write(in entry);
-            }
-            catch
-            {
-                // A broken sink must not prevent the remaining sinks from logging.
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        if (_disposed)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        _disposed = true;
-
-        foreach (var sink in _sinks)
-        {
-            if (sink is IDisposable disposable)
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    disposable.Dispose();
-                }
-                catch
-                {
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Logging/FileLogSink.cs

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.IO;
-using System.Text;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Logging;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Writes log entries to a file. Thread-safe via an internal lock.
-/// <see cref="StreamWriter.AutoFlush"/> is enabled so entries survive a crash.
-/// </summary>
-public sealed class FileLogSink : ISharpEmuLogSink, IDisposable
-{
-    private readonly object _sync = new();
-    private readonly StreamWriter _writer;
-    private bool _disposed;
-
-    /// <param name="path">Absolute or relative file path. Parent directories are created if missing.</param>
-    /// <param name="append"><see langword="true"/> to append to an existing file; <see langword="false"/> to overwrite.</param>
-    /// <param name="includeTimestamp">Always recommended for file logs — entries include a full date-time prefix.</param>
-    public FileLogSink(string path, bool append = true, bool includeTimestamp = true)
-    {
-        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(path);
-
-        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(path);
-        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(directory) && !Directory.Exists(directory))
-        {
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
-        }
-
-        var fileStream = new FileStream(
-            path,
-            append ? FileMode.Append : FileMode.Create,
-            FileAccess.Write,
-            FileShare.Read,
-            bufferSize: 4096,
-            FileOptions.SequentialScan);
-        _writer = new StreamWriter(fileStream, Encoding.UTF8)
-        {
-            AutoFlush = true
-        };
-
-        IncludeTimestamp = includeTimestamp;
-    }
-
-    public bool IncludeTimestamp { get; set; }
-
-    public void Write(in LogEntry entry)
-    {
-        lock (_sync)
-        {
-            if (_disposed)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (IncludeTimestamp)
-            {
-                _writer.Write('[');
-                _writer.Write(entry.Timestamp.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff"));
-                _writer.Write(']');
-            }
-
-            _writer.Write('[');
-            _writer.Write(ToLevelLabel(entry.Level));
-            _writer.Write(']');
-            _writer.Write('[');
-            _writer.Write(entry.Category);
-            _writer.Write(']');
-            _writer.Write(' ');
-
-            _writer.Write(entry.SourceFileName);
-            if (entry.SourceLine > 0)
-            {
-                _writer.Write(':');
-                _writer.Write(entry.SourceLine);
-            }
-
-            _writer.Write(' ');
-            _writer.WriteLine(entry.Message);
-
-            if (entry.Exception is not null)
-            {
-                _writer.WriteLine(entry.Exception);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        lock (_sync)
-        {
-            if (_disposed)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _disposed = true;
-            _writer.Flush();
-            _writer.Dispose();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static string ToLevelLabel(LogLevel level) => level switch
-    {
-        LogLevel.Trace => "TRACE",
-        LogLevel.Debug => "DEBUG",
-        LogLevel.Info => "INFO",
-        LogLevel.Warning => "WARNING",
-        LogLevel.Error => "ERROR",
-        LogLevel.Critical => "CRITICAL",
-        _ => "LOG",
-    };
-}

src/SharpEmu.Logging/SharpEmu.Logging.csproj

@@ -4,7 +4,4 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 -->
 
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>
-  </PropertyGroup>
 </Project>

src/SharpEmu.Logging/SharpEmuLog.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ public static class SharpEmuLog
         new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
     private static readonly object ConfigurationSync = new();
     private static volatile LogLevel _minimumLevel = ResolveMinimumLevelFromEnvironment();
-    private static ISharpEmuLogSink _sink = ResolveSinkFromEnvironment();
+    private static ISharpEmuLogSink _sink = new ConsoleLogSink(
+        useColors: ResolveColorEnabledFromEnvironment(),
+        includeTimestamp: false);
 
     public static LogLevel MinimumLevel
     {
@@ -35,26 +37,11 @@ public static class SharpEmuLog
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(value);
             lock (ConfigurationSync)
             {
-                if (ReferenceEquals(_sink, value))
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (_sink is IDisposable disposable)
-                {
-                    try
-                    {
-                        disposable.Dispose();
-                    }
-                    catch
-                    {
-                    }
-                }
-
                 _sink = value;
             }
         }
     }
+
     public static void Configure(LogLevel? minimumLevel = null, ISharpEmuLogSink? sink = null)
     {
         if (minimumLevel.HasValue)
@@ -68,22 +55,6 @@ public static class SharpEmuLog
         }
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Disposes the active sink if it implements <see cref="IDisposable"/>.
-    /// Call at shutdown to flush file buffers. Logging after this call
-    /// continues to work for non-disposable sinks (e.g. <see cref="ConsoleLogSink"/>).
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void Shutdown()
-    {
-        lock (ConfigurationSync)
-        {
-            if (_sink is IDisposable disposable)
-            {
-                disposable.Dispose();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     public static SharpEmuLogger For(string category)
     {
         ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(category);
@@ -175,30 +146,6 @@ public static class SharpEmuLog
         return !IsTrueLike(raw);
     }
 
-    private static ISharpEmuLogSink ResolveSinkFromEnvironment()
-    {
-        var consoleSink = new ConsoleLogSink(
-            useColors: ResolveColorEnabledFromEnvironment(),
-            includeTimestamp: false);
-
-        var logFilePath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_FILE");
-        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(logFilePath))
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                var fileSink = new FileLogSink(logFilePath, append: true, includeTimestamp: true);
-                return new CompositeLogSink(consoleSink, fileSink);
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                // Bootstrapping — the logging system is not yet active, so stderr is the only channel.
-                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[SHARPEMU_LOG] Failed to open log file '{logFilePath}': {ex.Message}");
-            }
-        }
-
-        return consoleSink;
-    }
-
     private static bool IsTrueLike(string? text)
     {
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))