[vulkan] enable required PhysicalDeviceFeatures for translated shaders (#29)

- Enable VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics/FragmentStoresAndAtomics:
  fixes vkCreateGraphicsPipelines() rejecting guestBuffers storage
  descriptor as NonWritable in vertex/fragment stages.
- Enable ShaderInt64: fixes vkCreateShaderModule() rejecting SPIR-V
  using 64-bit integer capability.
- Query GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures first and only enable what the GPU
  actually reports as supported, with a warning fallback otherwise.

Also adds optional Vulkan Validation Layers (SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION=1)
to surface these VUID errors during development instead of silent
VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST.

.editorconfig

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ indent_size = 4
 indent_style = space
 tab_width = 4
 
-[*.{md,json,yml,props,csproj}]
+[*.{md,json,yml,xml,props,csproj}]
 
 indent_size = 2
 tab_width = 2

.gitignore

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ arm64/
 *.userosscache
 *.sln.docstates
 
+.packages
 packages/
 *.nupkg
 .nuget/

Directory.Packages.props

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 -->
-
 <Project>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
@@ -10,7 +9,8 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageVersion Include="Iced" Version="1.21.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.23.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.23.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" Version="2.23.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

REUSE.toml

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ version = 1
 [[annotations]]
 path = [
     "REUSE.toml",
+    "nuget.config",
     "global.json",
     "**/packages.lock.json",
     "scripts/ps5_names.txt",
     "src/SharpEmu.HLE/Aerolib/aerolib.bin",
     "_logs/**",
-    ".github/images/**"
+    ".github/images/**",
+    "assets/images/**"
 ]
 precedence = "aggregate"
 SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "SharpEmu Emulator Project"

nuget.config

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+
+<configuration>
+  <config>
+    <add key="globalPackagesFolder" value=".packages" />
+  </config>
+
+  <packageSources>
+    <clear />
+    <add key="Nuget" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" />
+  </packageSources>
+
+  <packageSourceMapping>
+    <packageSource key="Nuget">
+      <package pattern="*" />
+    </packageSource>
+  </packageSourceMapping>
+</configuration>

src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;linux-x64;osx-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
     <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <PublishSingleFile>true</PublishSingleFile>
-    <IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>true</IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>
+    <!-- <IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract>true</IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract> -->
     <EnableCompressionInSingleFile>true</EnableCompressionInSingleFile>
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <RestorePackagesWithLockFile>true</RestorePackagesWithLockFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == 'win-x64' Or '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == ''">
+    <ApplicationIcon>..\..\assets\images\SharpEmu.ico</ApplicationIcon>
+    <Win32Icon>..\..\assets\images\SharpEmu.ico</Win32Icon>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup>
     <Content Include="..\..\LICENSE.txt">
       <CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>

src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
         "dependencies": {
           "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Windowing": "[2.23.0, )"
         }
@@ -103,6 +104,16 @@
           "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "+Oth189ksRiL6HvGCwIdnsYHawqrbO8y49u1H61z3wsfcHhQZeVDYe/wF5LD7fk3NcdgDvwFD3mLm1QWhdZySw==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
         "type": "CentralTransitive",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Imports.cs

@@ -338,10 +338,15 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				{
 					orbisGen2Result = DispatchBootstrapBridge();
 				}
-				else if (string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, RuntimeStubNids.KernelDynlibDlsym, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				else if (string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, RuntimeStubNids.KernelDynlibDlsym, StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+					string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, "LwG8g3niqwA", StringComparison.Ordinal))
 				{
 					orbisGen2Result = DispatchKernelDynlibDlsym();
 				}
+				else if (string.Equals(importStubEntry.Nid, "r8mvOaWdi28", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				{
+					orbisGen2Result = DispatchIl2CppApiLookupSymbol();
+				}
 				else if (importStubEntry.Export is { } cachedExport &&
 					(cachedExport.Target & cpuContext.TargetGeneration) != 0)
 				{
@@ -1180,8 +1185,11 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 18446744073709551615uL;
 			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
 		}
-		if (!TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(symbolName, out var resolvedAddress))
+		if (!TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(symbolName, out var resolvedAddress) &&
+			!TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAlias(symbolName, out resolvedAddress))
 		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][WARN] sceKernelDlsym failed: handle=0x{cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X} symbol='{symbolName}'");
 			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 18446744073709551615uL;
 			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
 		}
@@ -1194,6 +1202,62 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
 	}
 
+	private bool TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAlias(string symbolName, out ulong address)
+	{
+		address = 0;
+		var alias = symbolName switch
+		{
+			"scriptingGetMem" => "malloc",
+			"scriptingFreeMem" => "free",
+			"scriptingRealloc" => "realloc",
+			"scriptingCalloc" => "calloc",
+			_ => null,
+		};
+
+		return alias != null && TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(alias, out address);
+	}
+
+	private OrbisGen2Result DispatchIl2CppApiLookupSymbol()
+	{
+		var cpuContext = ActiveCpuContext;
+		if (cpuContext == null)
+		{
+			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+		}
+
+		var symbolNameAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+		var outputAddress = cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+		if (!TryReadAsciiZ(symbolNameAddress, 512, out var symbolName) ||
+			outputAddress == 0 ||
+			!TryResolveIl2CppApiAddress(symbolName, out var resolvedAddress) ||
+			!TryWriteUInt64Compat(outputAddress, resolvedAddress))
+		{
+			Console.Error.WriteLine(
+				$"[LOADER][WARN] il2cpp_api_lookup_symbol failed: name='{symbolName}' out=0x{outputAddress:X16}");
+			if (outputAddress != 0)
+			{
+				_ = TryWriteUInt64Compat(outputAddress, 0);
+			}
+
+			cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = ulong.MaxValue;
+			return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+		}
+
+		cpuContext[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+		return OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+	}
+
+	private bool TryResolveIl2CppApiAddress(string symbolName, out ulong address)
+	{
+		if (TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(symbolName, out address))
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		return Aerolib.Instance.TryGetByExportName(symbolName, out var symbol) &&
+			TryResolveRuntimeSymbolAddress(symbol.Nid, out address);
+	}
+
 	private OrbisGen2Result DispatchBootstrapBridge()
 	{
 		var cpuContext = ActiveCpuContext;

src/SharpEmu.Core/Memory/PhysicalVirtualMemory.cs

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         _gate.EnterWriteLock();
         try
         {
-            _regions.Add(new MemoryRegion
+            InsertRegionSorted(new MemoryRegion
             {
                 VirtualAddress = actualAddress,
                 Size = alignedSize,
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         _gate.EnterWriteLock();
         try
         {
-            _regions.Add(new MemoryRegion
+            InsertRegionSorted(new MemoryRegion
             {
                 VirtualAddress = actualAddress,
                 Size = alignedSize,
@@ -473,30 +473,34 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         _gate.EnterReadLock();
         try
         {
-            foreach (var region in _regions)
+            var region = FindRegion(virtualAddress, (ulong)destination.Length);
+            if (region is not null &&
+                TryResolveRegionOffset(
+                    virtualAddress,
+                    (ulong)destination.Length,
+                    region,
+                    out var offset))
             {
-                if (TryResolveRegionOffset(virtualAddress, (ulong)destination.Length, region, out var offset))
+                var srcPtr = (void*)(region.VirtualAddress + offset);
+                if (destination.IsEmpty)
                 {
-                    var srcPtr = (void*)(region.VirtualAddress + offset);
+                    return true;
-                    if (destination.IsEmpty)
+                }
-                    {
-                        return true;
-                    }
 
-                    if (region.IsReservedOnly)
+                if (region.IsReservedOnly)
+                {
+                    if (!EnsureRangeCommitted((ulong)srcPtr, (ulong)destination.Length, region))
                     {
-                        if (!EnsureRangeCommitted((ulong)srcPtr, (ulong)destination.Length, region))
+                        return false;
-                        {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (!CanReadWithoutProtectionChange((ulong)srcPtr, (ulong)destination.Length, region))
-                    {
-                        requiresExclusiveAccess = true;
-                        break;
                     }
+                }
 
+                if (!CanReadWithoutProtectionChange((ulong)srcPtr, (ulong)destination.Length, region))
+                {
+                    requiresExclusiveAccess = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
                     fixed (byte* destPtr = destination)
                     {
                         Buffer.MemoryCopy(srcPtr, destPtr, (nuint)destination.Length, (nuint)destination.Length);
@@ -533,30 +537,34 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         _gate.EnterReadLock();
         try
         {
-            foreach (var region in _regions)
+            var region = FindRegion(virtualAddress, (ulong)source.Length);
+            if (region is not null &&
+                TryResolveRegionOffset(
+                    virtualAddress,
+                    (ulong)source.Length,
+                    region,
+                    out var offset))
             {
-                if (TryResolveRegionOffset(virtualAddress, (ulong)source.Length, region, out var offset))
+                var destPtr = (void*)(region.VirtualAddress + offset);
+                if (source.IsEmpty)
                 {
-                    var destPtr = (void*)(region.VirtualAddress + offset);
+                    return true;
-                    if (source.IsEmpty)
+                }
-                    {
-                        return true;
-                    }
 
-                    if (region.IsReservedOnly)
+                if (region.IsReservedOnly)
+                {
+                    if (!EnsureRangeCommitted((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length, region))
                     {
-                        if (!EnsureRangeCommitted((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length, region))
+                        return false;
-                        {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (!CanWriteWithoutProtectionChange((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length, region))
-                    {
-                        requiresExclusiveAccess = true;
-                        break;
                     }
+                }
 
+                if (!CanWriteWithoutProtectionChange((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length, region))
+                {
+                    requiresExclusiveAccess = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
                     fixed (byte* srcPtr = source)
                     {
                         Buffer.MemoryCopy(srcPtr, destPtr, (nuint)source.Length, (nuint)source.Length);
@@ -589,13 +597,14 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
     private bool TryReadExclusive(ulong virtualAddress, Span<byte> destination)
     {
-        foreach (var region in _regions)
+        var region = FindRegion(virtualAddress, (ulong)destination.Length);
+        if (region is not null &&
+            TryResolveRegionOffset(
+                virtualAddress,
+                (ulong)destination.Length,
+                region,
+                out var offset))
         {
-            if (!TryResolveRegionOffset(virtualAddress, (ulong)destination.Length, region, out var offset))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
             var srcPtr = (void*)(region.VirtualAddress + offset);
             if (!EnsureRangeCommitted((ulong)srcPtr, (ulong)destination.Length, region))
             {
@@ -637,13 +646,14 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
     private bool TryWriteExclusive(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
     {
-        foreach (var region in _regions)
+        var region = FindRegion(virtualAddress, (ulong)source.Length);
+        if (region is not null &&
+            TryResolveRegionOffset(
+                virtualAddress,
+                (ulong)source.Length,
+                region,
+                out var offset))
         {
-            if (!TryResolveRegionOffset(virtualAddress, (ulong)source.Length, region, out var offset))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
             var destPtr = (void*)(region.VirtualAddress + offset);
             if (!EnsureRangeCommitted((ulong)destPtr, (ulong)source.Length, region))
             {
@@ -699,15 +709,9 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         _gate.EnterReadLock();
         try
         {
-            foreach (var region in _regions)
+            return FindRegion(virtualAddress, 1) is not null
-            {
+                ? (void*)virtualAddress
-                if (virtualAddress >= region.VirtualAddress &&
+                : null;
-                    virtualAddress < region.VirtualAddress + region.Size)
-                {
-                    return (void*)virtualAddress;
-                }
-            }
-            return null;
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -720,14 +724,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         _gate.EnterReadLock();
         try
         {
-            foreach (var region in _regions)
+            return FindRegion(virtualAddress, size) is not null;
-            {
-                if (TryResolveRegionOffset(virtualAddress, size, region, out _))
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            return false;
         }
         finally
         {
@@ -737,14 +734,48 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
     private MemoryRegion? FindRegion(ulong address, ulong size)
     {
-        foreach (var region in _regions)
+        var low = 0;
+        var high = _regions.Count - 1;
+        MemoryRegion? candidate = null;
+        while (low <= high)
         {
-            if (TryResolveRegionOffset(address, size, region, out _))
+            var middle = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
+            var region = _regions[middle];
+            if (region.VirtualAddress <= address)
             {
-                return region;
+                candidate = region;
+                low = middle + 1;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                high = middle - 1;
             }
         }
-        return null;
+
+        return candidate is not null &&
+            TryResolveRegionOffset(address, size, candidate, out _)
+                ? candidate
+                : null;
+    }
+
+    private void InsertRegionSorted(MemoryRegion region)
+    {
+        var low = 0;
+        var high = _regions.Count;
+        while (low < high)
+        {
+            var middle = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
+            if (_regions[middle].VirtualAddress < region.VirtualAddress)
+            {
+                low = middle + 1;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                high = middle;
+            }
+        }
+
+        _regions.Insert(low, region);
     }
 
     private bool TryGetOverlappingRegionEnd(ulong address, ulong size, out ulong overlapEnd)

src/SharpEmu.Core/Runtime/SharpEmuRuntime.cs

@@ -543,6 +543,7 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
         {
             Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "sce_module"),
             Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "sce_modules"),
+            Path.Combine(ebootDirectory, "Media", "Modules"),
         }
         .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
         .Where(Directory.Exists)
@@ -554,7 +555,9 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
         }
 
         var allModulePaths = moduleDirectories
-            .SelectMany(Directory.EnumerateFiles)
+            .SelectMany(directory => Directory
+                .EnumerateFiles(directory)
+                .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             .Where(path =>
             {
                 var extension = Path.GetExtension(path);
@@ -562,7 +565,6 @@ public sealed class SharpEmuRuntime : ISharpEmuRuntime
                        string.Equals(extension, ".sprx", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
             })
             .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-            .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
             .ToArray();
 
         var modulePaths = allModulePaths

src/SharpEmu.Core/packages.lock.json

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
         "dependencies": {
           "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
           "Silk.NET.Windowing": "[2.23.0, )"
         }
@@ -88,6 +89,16 @@
           "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "+Oth189ksRiL6HvGCwIdnsYHawqrbO8y49u1H61z3wsfcHhQZeVDYe/wF5LD7fk3NcdgDvwFD3mLm1QWhdZySw==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
         "type": "CentralTransitive",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/AgcExports.cs

@@ -155,6 +155,16 @@ public static class AgcExports
         (ulong Cs, ulong State, uint LocalX, uint LocalY, uint LocalZ),
         byte[]> _computeSpirvCache = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, ulong> _shaderHeadersByCode = new();
+    private static readonly bool _traceAgc = string.Equals(
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AGC"),
+        "1",
+        StringComparison.Ordinal);
+    private static readonly bool _traceAgcShader =
+        _traceAgc ||
+        string.Equals(
+            Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AGC_SHADER"),
+            "1",
+            StringComparison.Ordinal);
     private static long _dcbWriteDataTraceCount;
     private static long _dcbWaitRegMemTraceCount;
     private static long _createShaderTraceCount;
@@ -1194,6 +1204,51 @@ public static class AgcExports
         return ReturnPointer(ctx, commandAddress);
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "q88lQ+GP5Yk",
+        ExportName = "sceAgcDcbDrawIndex",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAgc")]
+    public static int DcbDrawIndex(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var commandBufferAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var indexCount = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        var indexAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        var modifier = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
+
+        if (commandBufferAddress == 0 || modifier != 0x4000_0000)
+        {
+            return ReturnPointer(ctx, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryAllocateCommandDwords(ctx, commandBufferAddress, 5, out var baseCommand) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, baseCommand, Pm4(3, ItIndexBase, 0)) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, baseCommand + 4, (uint)indexAddress) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, baseCommand + 8, (uint)(indexAddress >> 32)) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, baseCommand + 12, Pm4(2, ItIndexBufferSize, 0)) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, baseCommand + 16, indexCount))
+        {
+            return ReturnPointer(ctx, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryAllocateCommandDwords(ctx, commandBufferAddress, 5, out var drawCommand) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand, Pm4(5, ItDrawIndex2, 0)) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 4, indexCount) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 8, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 12, 0) ||
+            !TryWriteUInt32(ctx, drawCommand + 16, 0))
+        {
+            return ReturnPointer(ctx, 0);
+        }
+
+        TraceAgc(
+            $"agc.dcb_draw_index buf=0x{commandBufferAddress:X16} " +
+            $"base=0x{baseCommand:X16} draw=0x{drawCommand:X16} " +
+            $"count={indexCount} index=0x{indexAddress:X16}");
+
+        return ReturnPointer(ctx, drawCommand);
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "Yw0jKSqop+E",
         ExportName = "sceAgcDcbDrawIndexAuto",
@@ -1996,6 +2051,88 @@ public static class AgcExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+    Nid = "uJziRsODk1c",
+    ExportName = "sceAgcDriverGetResourceRegistrationMaxNameLength",
+    Target = Generation.Gen5,
+    LibraryName = "libSceAgc")]
+    public static int DriverGetResourceRegistrationMaxNameLength(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+
+        if (outAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outAddress, 256))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        TraceAgc($"agc.driver_get_resource_registration_max_name_length out=0x{outAddress:X16} value=256");
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
+    private const uint DefaultAgcOwner = 1;
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "F0ZXt5q0ZTA",
+        ExportName = "sceAgcDriverGetDefaultOwner",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAgc")]
+    public static int DriverGetDefaultOwner(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var ownerAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+
+        if (ownerAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, ownerAddress, DefaultAgcOwner))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        TraceAgc($"agc.driver_get_default_owner out=0x{ownerAddress:X16} owner={DefaultAgcOwner}");
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+    Nid = "W5z4eZrjEas",
+    ExportName = "sceAgcDriverRegisterResource",
+    Target = Generation.Gen5,
+    LibraryName = "libSceAgc")]
+    public static int DriverRegisterResource(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var resourceAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var owner = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        var nameAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        var type = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.R8];
+        var flags = (uint)ctx[CpuRegister.R9];
+
+        TraceAgc(
+            $"agc.driver_register_resource resource=0x{resourceAddress:X16} owner={owner} " +
+            $"name=0x{nameAddress:X16} type={type} flags={flags}");
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+    Nid = "-KRzWekV120",
+    ExportName = "sceAgcDriverUnknown_KRzWekV120",
+    Target = Generation.Gen5,
+    LibraryName = "libSceAgc")]
+    public static int DriverUnknownKRzWekV120(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        TraceAgc(
+            $"agc.driver_unknown_krz rdi=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X16} " +
+            $"rsi=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]:X16} rdx=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]:X16} " +
+            $"rcx=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx]:X16} r8=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.R8]:X16} r9=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.R9]:X16}");
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "h9z6+0hEydk",
         ExportName = "sceAgcSuspendPoint",
@@ -3629,6 +3766,31 @@ public static class AgcExports
             return true;
         }
 
+        if (!isStorage &&
+            descriptor.Address != 0 &&
+            VulkanVideoPresenter.IsGuestImageAvailable(
+                descriptor.Address,
+                descriptor.Format,
+                descriptor.NumberType))
+        {
+            texture = new VulkanGuestDrawTexture(
+                descriptor.Address,
+                descriptor.Width,
+                descriptor.Height,
+                descriptor.Format,
+                descriptor.NumberType,
+                [],
+                IsFallback: false,
+                IsStorage: false,
+                MipLevels: descriptor.MipLevels,
+                MipLevel: mipLevel,
+                Pitch: sourceWidth,
+                TileMode: descriptor.TileMode,
+                DstSelect: descriptor.DstSelect,
+                Sampler: ToVulkanSampler(samplerDescriptor));
+            return true;
+        }
+
         if (isStorage)
         {
             var initialPixels = Array.Empty<byte>();
@@ -5405,7 +5567,7 @@ public static class AgcExports
 
     private static void TraceAgc(string message)
     {
-        if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AGC"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        if (!_traceAgc)
         {
             return;
         }
@@ -5415,8 +5577,7 @@ public static class AgcExports
 
     private static void TraceAgcShader(string message)
     {
-        if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AGC"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+        if (!_traceAgcShader)
-            !string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AGC_SHADER"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
         {
             return;
         }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/Gen5ShaderTranslator.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Text;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
@@ -13,6 +14,14 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
     private const int MaxInstructions = 4096;
     private const int MinimumUserDataDwords = 16;
     private const int MaximumUserDataDwords = 256;
+    private static readonly ConditionalWeakTable<object, ShaderDecodeCache> _decodeCaches = new();
+
+    private sealed class ShaderDecodeCache
+    {
+        public object Gate { get; } = new();
+        public Dictionary<ulong, Gen5ShaderProgram> Programs { get; } = new();
+        public Dictionary<ulong, Gen5ShaderMetadata?> Metadata { get; } = new();
+    }
 
     private static readonly uint[] FullscreenBarycentricEs =
     [
@@ -117,16 +126,51 @@ internal static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
         uint userDataScalarRegisterBase = 0)
     {
         state = default!;
-        if (!TryDecodeProgram(ctx, shaderAddress, out var program, out error))
+        error = string.Empty;
+        var cache = _decodeCaches.GetValue(ctx.Memory, static _ => new ShaderDecodeCache());
+        Gen5ShaderProgram? program;
+        lock (cache.Gate)
         {
-            return false;
+            cache.Programs.TryGetValue(shaderAddress, out program);
+        }
+
+        if (program is null)
+        {
+            if (!TryDecodeProgram(ctx, shaderAddress, out program, out error))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lock (cache.Gate)
+            {
+                cache.Programs.TryAdd(shaderAddress, program);
+            }
         }
 
         Gen5ShaderMetadata? metadata = null;
-        if (shaderHeaderAddress != 0 &&
+        if (shaderHeaderAddress != 0)
-            Gen5ShaderMetadataReader.TryRead(ctx, shaderHeaderAddress, out var decodedMetadata))
         {
-            metadata = decodedMetadata;
+            var metadataCached = false;
+            lock (cache.Gate)
+            {
+                metadataCached = cache.Metadata.TryGetValue(shaderHeaderAddress, out metadata);
+            }
+
+            if (!metadataCached)
+            {
+                if (Gen5ShaderMetadataReader.TryRead(
+                        ctx,
+                        shaderHeaderAddress,
+                        out var decodedMetadata))
+                {
+                    metadata = decodedMetadata;
+                }
+
+                lock (cache.Gate)
+                {
+                    cache.Metadata.TryAdd(shaderHeaderAddress, metadata);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         var userData = new uint[GetUserDataDwordCount(metadata)];

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Audio/AudioOutExports.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Audio;
+
+public static class AudioOutExports
+{
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<int, PortState> Ports = new();
+    private static int _nextPortHandle;
+
+    private sealed record PortState(int UserId, int Type, uint BufferLength, uint Frequency, int Format);
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "JfEPXVxhFqA",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOutInit",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut")]
+    public static int AudioOutInit(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "ekNvsT22rsY",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOutOpen",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut")]
+    public static int AudioOutOpen(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var userId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
+        var type = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
+        var bufferLength = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx]);
+        var frequency = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.R8]);
+        var format = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.R9]);
+        if (bufferLength == 0 || frequency == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+
+        var handle = Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextPortHandle);
+        Ports[handle] = new PortState(userId, type, bufferLength, frequency, format);
+        return SetReturn(ctx, handle);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "s1--uE9mBFw",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOutClose",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut")]
+    public static int AudioOutClose(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
+        return SetReturn(
+            ctx,
+            Ports.TryRemove(handle, out _)
+                ? 0
+                : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "QOQtbeDqsT4",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOutOutput",
+        Target = Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut")]
+    public static int AudioOutOutput(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "b+uAV89IlxE",
+        ExportName = "sceAudioOutSetVolume",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut")]
+    public static int AudioOutSetVolume(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
+        return SetReturn(
+            ctx,
+            Ports.ContainsKey(handle)
+                ? 0
+                : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/AvPlayer/AvPlayerExports.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.AvPlayer;
+
+public static class AvPlayerExports
+{
+    private const int InvalidParameters = unchecked((int)0x806A0001);
+    private static readonly object StateGate = new();
+    private static readonly HashSet<ulong> Players = new();
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "aS66RI0gGgo",
+        ExportName = "sceAvPlayerInit",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAvPlayer")]
+    public static int AvPlayerInit(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        if (ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi] == 0 ||
+            !KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryAllocateHleData(ctx, 0x40, 16, out var handle))
+        {
+            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            Players.Add(handle);
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = handle;
+        return unchecked((int)handle);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "HD1YKVU26-M",
+        ExportName = "sceAvPlayerPostInit",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAvPlayer")]
+    public static int AvPlayerPostInit(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var handle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var dataAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(
+                ctx,
+                handle != 0 && dataAddress != 0 && Players.Contains(handle)
+                    ? 0
+                    : InvalidParameters);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "NkJwDzKmIlw",
+        ExportName = "sceAvPlayerClose",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceAvPlayer")]
+    public static int AvPlayerClose(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(
+                ctx,
+                Players.Remove(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? 0 : InvalidParameters);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/CommonDialog/MsgDialogExports.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.CommonDialog;
+
+public static class MsgDialogExports
+{
+    private const int AlreadyInitialized = unchecked((int)0x80B80002);
+    private static int _initialized;
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "lDqxaY1UbEo",
+        ExportName = "sceMsgDialogInitialize",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceMsgDialog")]
+    public static int MsgDialogInitialize(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var result = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _initialized, 1) == 0
+            ? 0
+            : AlreadyInitialized;
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelMemoryCompatExports.cs

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, DirectAllocation> _directAllocations = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, LibcHeapAllocation> _libcAllocations = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, MappedRegion> _mappedRegions = new();
+    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, string> _mappedRegionNames = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, ulong> _tlsModuleBlocks = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> _guestMounts = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
     private static readonly HashSet<string> _tracedStatResults = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
@@ -231,6 +232,25 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return true;
     }
 
+    internal static void RegisterReservedVirtualRange(ulong address, ulong length)
+    {
+        if (address == 0 || length == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (_memoryGate)
+        {
+            _mappedRegions[address] = new MappedRegion(
+                address,
+                length,
+                Protection: 0,
+                IsFlexible: false,
+                IsDirect: false,
+                DirectStart: 0);
+        }
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "8zTFvBIAIN8",
         ExportName = "memset",
@@ -2435,6 +2455,36 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+    Nid = "hwVSPCmp5tM",
+    ExportName = "sceKernelCheckedReleaseDirectMemory",
+    Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+    LibraryName = "libKernel")]
+    public static int KernelCheckedReleaseDirectMemory(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var start = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var length = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+
+        if (length == 0)
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+
+        lock (_memoryGate)
+        {
+            if (!_directAllocations.TryGetValue(start, out var allocation) ||
+                allocation.Length != length)
+            {
+                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+            }
+
+            _directAllocations.Remove(start);
+            _nextPhysicalAddress = GetDirectMemoryHighWaterMarkLocked();
+        }
+
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "L-Q3LEjIbgA",
         ExportName = "sceKernelMapDirectMemory",
@@ -2614,6 +2664,16 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return KernelMapNamedFlexibleMemory(ctx);
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "4h6F1LLbTiw",
+        ExportName = "sceKernelMapFlexibleMemoryInternal",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
+    public static int KernelMapFlexibleMemoryInternal(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        return KernelMapNamedFlexibleMemory(ctx);
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "2SKEx6bSq-4",
         ExportName = "sceKernelBatchMap",
@@ -2667,6 +2727,44 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "DGMG3JshrZU",
+        ExportName = "sceKernelSetVirtualRangeName",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
+    public static int KernelSetVirtualRangeName(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var address = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var length = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        var nameAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        if (nameAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
+        }
+
+        if (!TryReadCString(ctx, nameAddress, OrbisKernelMaximumNameLength, out var nameBytes))
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+
+        var name = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(nameBytes);
+        lock (_memoryGate)
+        {
+            if (!TryFindVirtualQueryRegionLocked(address, findNext: false, out var region) ||
+                length > region.Length ||
+                address < region.Address ||
+                length > region.Address + region.Length - address)
+            {
+                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+            }
+
+            _mappedRegionNames[region.Address] = name;
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "rVjRvHJ0X6c",
         ExportName = "sceKernelVirtualQuery",
@@ -2724,11 +2822,16 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(payload[28..32], memoryType);
         payload[32] = unchecked((byte)stateFlags);
 
-        var name = region.IsDirect
+        string name;
-            ? "direct"
+        lock (_memoryGate)
-            : region.IsFlexible
+        {
-                ? "flexible"
+            name = _mappedRegionNames.GetValueOrDefault(region.Address)
-                : string.Empty;
+                ?? (region.IsDirect
+                    ? "direct"
+                    : region.IsFlexible
+                        ? "flexible"
+                        : string.Empty);
+        }
         if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
         {
             var nameBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(name);

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports.cs

@@ -717,6 +717,35 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "FXPWHNk8Of0",
+        ExportName = "scePthreadAttrGetschedparam",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
+    public static int PthreadAttrGetschedparam(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var attrAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var schedParamAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        if (attrAddress == 0 || schedParamAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+
+        PthreadAttrState state;
+        lock (_stateGate)
+        {
+            state = GetOrCreateAttrStateLocked(attrAddress);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryWriteInt32(ctx, schedParamAddress, state.SchedPriority))
+        {
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
+        }
+
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "DzES9hQF4f4",
         ExportName = "scePthreadAttrSetschedparam",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelRuntimeCompatExports.cs

@@ -752,6 +752,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
             _nextReservedVirtualBase = Math.Max(_nextReservedVirtualBase, mappedAddress + length);
         }
 
+        KernelMemoryCompatExports.RegisterReservedVirtualRange(mappedAddress, length);
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ngs2/Ngs2Exports.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Ngs2;
+
+public static class Ngs2Exports
+{
+    private const int OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress = unchecked((int)0x804A0053);
+    private const int OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle = unchecked((int)0x804A0230);
+    private const int OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidRackHandle = unchecked((int)0x804A0261);
+    private const int OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidVoiceHandle = unchecked((int)0x804A0300);
+    private const ulong HandleStorageSize = 0x20;
+    private const int RenderBufferInfoSize = 0x18;
+    private const ulong MaximumRenderBufferSize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    private static readonly object StateGate = new();
+    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, SystemState> Systems = new();
+    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, RackState> Racks = new();
+    private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, VoiceState> Voices = new();
+    private static long _nextUid;
+    private static long _renderCount;
+
+    private sealed record SystemState(uint Uid);
+    private sealed record RackState(ulong SystemHandle, uint RackId);
+    private sealed record VoiceState(ulong RackHandle, uint VoiceIndex);
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "mPYgU4oYpuY",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemCreateWithAllocator",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2SystemCreateWithAllocator(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var outHandleAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        if (outHandleAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 1, ownerHandle: 0, out var handle) ||
+            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            Systems[handle] = new SystemState(unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextUid)));
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "u-WrYDaJA3k",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemDestroy",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2SystemDestroy(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var handle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            if (!Systems.Remove(handle))
+            {
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
+            }
+
+            var rackHandles = Racks
+                .Where(pair => pair.Value.SystemHandle == handle)
+                .Select(pair => pair.Key)
+                .ToArray();
+            foreach (var rackHandle in rackHandles)
+            {
+                RemoveRackLocked(rackHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "U546k6orxQo",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2RackCreateWithAllocator",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2RackCreateWithAllocator(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var systemHandle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var rackId = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
+        var outHandleAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.R8];
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            if (!Systems.ContainsKey(systemHandle))
+            {
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (outHandleAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 2, systemHandle, out var handle) ||
+            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            Racks[handle] = new RackState(systemHandle, rackId);
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "lCqD7oycmIM",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2RackDestroy",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2RackDestroy(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var handle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            if (!Racks.ContainsKey(handle))
+            {
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidRackHandle);
+            }
+
+            RemoveRackLocked(handle);
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "MwmHz8pAdAo",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2RackGetVoiceHandle",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2RackGetVoiceHandle(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var rackHandle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var voiceIndex = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
+        var outHandleAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            if (!Racks.ContainsKey(rackHandle))
+            {
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidRackHandle);
+            }
+
+            var existing = Voices.FirstOrDefault(
+                pair => pair.Value.RackHandle == rackHandle && pair.Value.VoiceIndex == voiceIndex);
+            if (existing.Key != 0)
+            {
+                return ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, existing.Key)
+                    ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
+                    : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (outHandleAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+        }
+
+        if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 4, rackHandle, out var handle) ||
+            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            Voices[handle] = new VoiceState(rackHandle, voiceIndex);
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "uu94irFOGpA",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2VoiceControl",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2VoiceControl(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(
+                ctx,
+                Voices.ContainsKey(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? 0 : OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidVoiceHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "AbYvTOZ8Pts",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2VoiceRunCommands",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2VoiceRunCommands(CpuContext ctx) => Ngs2VoiceControl(ctx);
+
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "i0VnXM-C9fc",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemRender",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2SystemRender(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var systemHandle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        var bufferInfoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        var bufferInfoCount = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            if (!Systems.ContainsKey(systemHandle))
+            {
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (bufferInfoCount != 0 && bufferInfoAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+
+        for (uint i = 0; i < bufferInfoCount; i++)
+        {
+            var entryAddress = bufferInfoAddress + (i * RenderBufferInfoSize);
+            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt64(entryAddress, out var bufferAddress) ||
+                !ctx.TryReadUInt64(entryAddress + 8, out var bufferSize))
+            {
+                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+            }
+
+            if (bufferAddress != 0 && bufferSize != 0)
+            {
+                if (bufferSize > MaximumRenderBufferSize || !TryClearGuestBuffer(ctx, bufferAddress, bufferSize))
+                {
+                    return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var count = Interlocked.Increment(ref _renderCount);
+        if (ShouldTrace() && (count <= 4 || count % 10_000 == 0))
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.render#{count} system=0x{systemHandle:X16} buffers={bufferInfoCount}");
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryCreateHandle(CpuContext ctx, uint type, ulong ownerHandle, out ulong handle)
+    {
+        handle = 0;
+        if (!KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryAllocateHleData(ctx, HandleStorageSize, 16, out handle))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Span<byte> data = stackalloc byte[(int)HandleStorageSize];
+        data.Clear();
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(data[0..8], handle);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(data[8..16], ownerHandle);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(data[16..20], 1);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(data[24..28], type);
+        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(handle, data);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryClearGuestBuffer(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ulong length)
+    {
+        Span<byte> zeroes = stackalloc byte[4096];
+        zeroes.Clear();
+        for (ulong offset = 0; offset < length;)
+        {
+            var chunkSize = (int)Math.Min((ulong)zeroes.Length, length - offset);
+            if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address + offset, zeroes[..chunkSize]))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            offset += unchecked((uint)chunkSize);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static void RemoveRackLocked(ulong rackHandle)
+    {
+        Racks.Remove(rackHandle);
+        foreach (var voiceHandle in Voices
+                     .Where(pair => pair.Value.RackHandle == rackHandle)
+                     .Select(pair => pair.Key)
+                     .ToArray())
+        {
+            Voices.Remove(voiceHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool ShouldTrace() =>
+        string.Equals(
+            Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_NGS2"),
+            "1",
+            StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, int result)
+    {
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Pad/PadExports.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Pad;
 
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ public static class PadExports
             return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisPadErrorDeviceNotConnected);
         }
 
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Keyboard controls: Arrow keys = D-pad, WASD = left stick, IJKL = right stick, Z/Enter = Cross, X/Esc = Circle, C = Square, V = Triangle, Q = L1, E = R1, R = L2, F = R2, Tab/Backspace = Options");
         return SetReturn(ctx, PrimaryPadHandle);
     }
 
@@ -158,14 +160,33 @@ public static class PadExports
             : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+    Nid = "W2G-yoyMF5U",
+    ExportName = "scePadSetVibrationMode",
+    Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+    LibraryName = "libScePad")]
+    public static int PadSetVibrationMode(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
+    }
+
     private static bool WriteNeutralPadData(CpuContext ctx, ulong dataAddress)
     {
         Span<byte> data = stackalloc byte[PadDataSize];
         data.Clear();
-        data[0x04] = 128;
+        var acceptsKeyboardInput = IsEmulatorWindowFocused();
-        data[0x05] = 128;
+        var buttons = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadKeyboardButtons() : 0;
-        data[0x06] = 128;
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(data[0x00..], buttons);
-        data[0x07] = 128;
+        var leftX = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x41), IsKeyDown(0x44)) : (byte)128;
+        var leftY = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x57), IsKeyDown(0x53)) : (byte)128;
+        var rightX = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x4A), IsKeyDown(0x4C)) : (byte)128;
+        var rightY = acceptsKeyboardInput ? ReadAnalogStick(IsKeyDown(0x49), IsKeyDown(0x4B)) : (byte)128;
+        data[0x04] = leftX;
+        data[0x05] = leftY;
+        data[0x06] = rightX;
+        data[0x07] = rightY;
+        data[0x08] = acceptsKeyboardInput && IsKeyDown(0x52) ? (byte)255 : (byte)0;
+        data[0x09] = acceptsKeyboardInput && IsKeyDown(0x46) ? (byte)255 : (byte)0;
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteSingleLittleEndian(data[0x18..], 1.0f);
         data[0x4C] = 1;
         var timestampTicks = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
@@ -185,4 +206,58 @@ public static class PadExports
         ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)result);
         return result;
     }
+
+    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
+    private static extern short GetAsyncKeyState(int vKey);
+
+    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
+    private static extern nint GetForegroundWindow();
+
+    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
+    private static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(nint hWnd, out uint processId);
+
+    private static bool IsKeyDown(int vk) =>
+        (GetAsyncKeyState(vk) & 0x8000) != 0;
+
+    private static bool IsEmulatorWindowFocused()
+    {
+        var foregroundWindow = GetForegroundWindow();
+        if (foregroundWindow == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        GetWindowThreadProcessId(foregroundWindow, out var processId);
+        return processId == (uint)Environment.ProcessId;
+    }
+
+    private static uint ReadKeyboardButtons()
+    {
+        uint buttons = 0;
+        // D-pad
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x25)) buttons |= 0x0080; // Left
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x27)) buttons |= 0x0020; // Right
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x26)) buttons |= 0x0010; // Up
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x28)) buttons |= 0x0040; // Down
+        // Face buttons
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x5A) || IsKeyDown(0x0D)) buttons |= 0x4000; // Z / Enter = Cross
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x58) || IsKeyDown(0x1B)) buttons |= 0x2000; // X / Escape = Circle
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x43)) buttons |= 0x8000; // C = Square
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x56)) buttons |= 0x1000; // V = Triangle
+        // Shoulder buttons
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x51)) buttons |= 0x0400; // Q = L1
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x45)) buttons |= 0x0800; // E = R1
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x52)) buttons |= 0x0100; // R = L2 (digital)
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x46)) buttons |= 0x0200; // F = R2 (digital)
+        // Options (Start)
+        if (IsKeyDown(0x09) || IsKeyDown(0x08)) buttons |= 0x0008; // Tab / Backspace = Options
+        return buttons;
+    }
+
+    private static byte ReadAnalogStick(bool negative, bool positive)
+    {
+        if (negative && !positive) return 0;
+        if (positive && !negative) return 255;
+        return 128;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SaveData/SaveDataExports.cs

@@ -244,6 +244,36 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         }
     }
 
+    private static int _nextTransactionResource;
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "gjRZNnw0JPE",
+        ExportName = "sceSaveDataCreateTransactionResource",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
+    public static int SaveDataCreateTransactionResource(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var userId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
+        var reserved = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        var resourceAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
+
+        if (resourceAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
+        }
+
+        var id = (uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextTransactionResource);
+
+        if (!TryWriteUInt32(ctx, resourceAddress, id))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        TraceSaveData(
+            $"create_transaction_resource user={userId} reserved=0x{reserved:X} resource_addr=0x{resourceAddress:X} id={id}");
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
     private static bool TryReadSearchCond(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out SearchCond cond)
     {
         cond = default;
@@ -400,7 +430,7 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
     {
         var configured = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_SAVEDATA_DIR");
         var root = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configured)
-            ? Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "user", "savedata")
+            ? Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "user", "savedata")
             : configured;
         return Path.GetFullPath(root);
     }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" />
     <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" />
     <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" />
   </ItemGroup>

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VideoOutExports.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Threading;
 
@@ -48,6 +49,13 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
     private static int _frameDumpCount;
     private static long _nextFrameDumpIndex;
     private static string _windowTitle = "SharpEmu VideoOut";
+    private static readonly bool _logFrameRate = string.Equals(
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_VIDEOOUT_FPS"),
+        "1",
+        StringComparison.Ordinal);
+    private static long _frameRateWindowStart = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
+    private static long _submittedFrameCount;
+    private static long _presentedFrameCount;
 
     public static void ConfigureApplicationInfo(string? title, string? titleId, string? version)
     {
@@ -812,9 +820,46 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
         }
 
         TraceVideoOut($"videoout.submit_flip handle={handle} index={bufferIndex} mode={flipMode} arg={flipArg} events={flipEvents.Count}");
+        ReportFrameRate(presented: false);
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
+    internal static void ReportPresentedFrame() =>
+        ReportFrameRate(presented: true);
+
+    private static void ReportFrameRate(bool presented)
+    {
+        if (!_logFrameRate)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (presented)
+        {
+            Interlocked.Increment(ref _presentedFrameCount);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Interlocked.Increment(ref _submittedFrameCount);
+        }
+
+        var started = Volatile.Read(ref _frameRateWindowStart);
+        var now = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
+        var elapsedTicks = now - started;
+        if (elapsedTicks < Stopwatch.Frequency ||
+            Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _frameRateWindowStart, now, started) != started)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var elapsedSeconds = (double)elapsedTicks / Stopwatch.Frequency;
+        var submitted = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _submittedFrameCount, 0);
+        var presentedCount = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _presentedFrameCount, 0);
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"[LOADER][PERF] videoout submitted_fps={submitted / elapsedSeconds:F1} " +
+            $"presented_fps={presentedCount / elapsedSeconds:F1}");
+    }
+
     private static int RegisterBufferRange(VideoOutPortState port, int startIndex, ReadOnlySpan<ulong> addresses, BufferAttribute attribute, int requestedGroupIndex = -1)
     {
         lock (_stateGate)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs

@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ using Silk.NET.Maths;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Agc;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT;
 using Silk.NET.Windowing;
+using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
 using System.Text;
 using VkBuffer = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Buffer;
 using VkSemaphore = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Semaphore;
@@ -597,6 +600,24 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         return true;
     }
 
+    internal static bool IsGuestImageAvailable(
+        ulong address,
+        uint format,
+        uint numberType)
+    {
+        var guestFormat = GetGuestTextureFormat(format, numberType);
+        if (address == 0 || guestFormat == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            return _availableGuestImages.TryGetValue(address, out var availableFormat) &&
+                availableFormat == guestFormat;
+        }
+    }
+
     public static bool TrySubmitGuestImageBlit(
         ulong sourceAddress,
         uint sourceWidth,
@@ -826,6 +847,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         private delegate* unmanaged<CommandBuffer, void> _cmdEndDebugUtilsLabel;
         private Instance _instance;
         private SurfaceKHR _surface;
+        private DebugUtilsMessengerEXT _debugMessenger;
+        private ExtDebugUtils? _debugUtils;
         private PhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
         private Device _device;
         private Queue _queue;
@@ -867,14 +890,50 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         private int _tracedVertexBufferCount;
         private readonly Dictionary<byte[], Pipeline> _computePipelines =
             new(ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
+        private readonly Dictionary<GraphicsPipelineKey, Pipeline> _graphicsPipelines = new();
+        private readonly Dictionary<VulkanGuestSampler, Sampler> _samplers = new();
+        private readonly Dictionary<byte[], string> _shaderDigests =
+            new(ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
+        private readonly Dictionary<DescriptorLayoutKey, DescriptorLayoutBundle>
+            _descriptorLayouts = new();
+        private readonly Dictionary<HostBufferPoolKey, Stack<HostBufferAllocation>>
+            _hostBufferPool = new();
+        private readonly Dictionary<ulong, HostBufferAllocation> _hostBufferAllocations = new();
         private readonly Queue<PendingGuestSubmission> _pendingGuestSubmissions = new();
 
+        private readonly record struct GraphicsPipelineKey(
+            string VertexShader,
+            string FragmentShader,
+            ulong RenderPass,
+            PrimitiveTopology Topology,
+            VulkanGuestBlendState Blend,
+            string ResourceLayout,
+            string VertexLayout);
+
+        private readonly record struct HostBufferPoolKey(
+            BufferUsageFlags Usage,
+            ulong Capacity);
+
+        private readonly record struct DescriptorLayoutKey(
+            ShaderStageFlags Stages,
+            string Resources);
+
+        private sealed record DescriptorLayoutBundle(
+            DescriptorSetLayout DescriptorSetLayout,
+            PipelineLayout PipelineLayout);
+
+        private sealed record HostBufferAllocation(
+            VkBuffer Buffer,
+            DeviceMemory Memory,
+            HostBufferPoolKey Key);
+
         private sealed class TranslatedDrawResources
         {
             public string DebugName = "SharpEmu translated";
             public PipelineLayout PipelineLayout;
             public Pipeline Pipeline;
             public bool PipelineCached;
+            public bool DescriptorLayoutCached;
             public DescriptorSetLayout DescriptorSetLayout;
             public DescriptorPool DescriptorPool;
             public DescriptorSet DescriptorSet;
@@ -1185,6 +1244,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         private void CreateInstance()
         {
             var applicationName = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("SharpEmu");
+            var enableValidation = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION") == "1";
+            byte* validationLayerName = null;
+            
             try
             {
                 var applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo
@@ -1212,12 +1274,29 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     enabledExtensions[enabledExtensionCount++] = debugUtilsExtension;
                 }
 
+                if (enableValidation && IsInstanceLayerAvailable("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"))
+                {
+                    validationLayerName = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
+                }
+                else if (enableValidation)
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][WARN] SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION=1 but VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation not found (Vulkan SDK installed?).");
+                }
+
+                var layers = stackalloc byte*[1];
+                if (validationLayerName is not null)
+                {
+                    layers[0] = validationLayerName;
+                }
+
                 var createInfo = new InstanceCreateInfo
                 {
                     SType = StructureType.InstanceCreateInfo,
                     PApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo,
                     EnabledExtensionCount = (uint)enabledExtensionCount,
                     PpEnabledExtensionNames = enabledExtensions,
+                    EnabledLayerCount = validationLayerName is not null ? 1u : 0u,
+                    PpEnabledLayerNames = validationLayerName is not null ? layers : null,
                 };
 
                 try
@@ -1227,6 +1306,13 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     {
                         throw new InvalidOperationException("VK_KHR_surface is unavailable.");
                     }
+                    
+                    if (validationLayerName is not null && _vk.TryGetInstanceExtension(_instance, out ExtDebugUtils debugUtils))
+                    {
+                        _debugUtils = debugUtils;
+                        RegisterDebugMessenger(debugUtils);
+                        Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Vulkan Validation Layers active (SHARPEMU_VK_VALIDATION=1).");
+                    }
                 }
                 finally
                 {
@@ -1239,9 +1325,74 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             finally
             {
                 SilkMarshal.Free((nint)applicationName);
+                if (validationLayerName is not null)
+                {
+                    SilkMarshal.Free((nint)validationLayerName);
+                }
             }
         }
 
+        private bool IsInstanceLayerAvailable(string layerName)
+        {
+            uint layerCount = 0;
+            if (_vk.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, null) != Result.Success || layerCount == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var properties = new LayerProperties[layerCount];
+            fixed (LayerProperties* propertyPointer = properties)
+            {
+                if (_vk.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, propertyPointer) != Result.Success)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                var expected = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(layerName);
+                for (var index = 0; index < layerCount; index++)
+                {
+                    if (Utf8NullTerminatedEquals(propertyPointer[index].LayerName, expected))
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+        private void RegisterDebugMessenger(ExtDebugUtils debugUtils)
+        {
+            var messengerInfo = new DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoExt,
+                MessageSeverity = DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt
+                                  | DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt,
+                MessageType = DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.ValidationBitExt
+                              | DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.PerformanceBitExt
+                              | DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT.GeneralBitExt,
+                PfnUserCallback = new PfnDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT(DebugCallback),
+            };
+
+            Check(debugUtils.CreateDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, &messengerInfo, null, out _debugMessenger),
+                "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
+        }
+        
+        private static unsafe uint DebugCallback(
+            DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT severity,
+            DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type,
+            DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* callbackData,
+            void* userData)
+        {
+            var message = SilkMarshal.PtrToString((nint)callbackData->PMessage);
+            var prefix = severity switch
+            {
+                DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.ErrorBitExt => "[VULKAN][ERROR]",
+                DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT.WarningBitExt => "[VULKAN][WARN]",
+                _ => "[VULKAN][INFO]",
+            };
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"{prefix} {message}");
+            return Vk.False;
+        }
         private void CreateSurface()
         {
             var instanceHandle = new VkHandle(_instance.Handle);
@@ -1302,7 +1453,28 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 QueueCount = 1,
                 PQueuePriorities = &priority,
             };
+            _vk.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(_physicalDevice, out var supportedFeatures);
+            var enabledFeatures = new PhysicalDeviceFeatures
+            {
+                VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics = supportedFeatures.VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics,
+                FragmentStoresAndAtomics = supportedFeatures.FragmentStoresAndAtomics,
+                ShaderInt64 = supportedFeatures.ShaderInt64,
+            };
 
+            if (!supportedFeatures.ShaderInt64)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support shaderInt64 " +
+                    "translated shaders using 64-bit integers will fail.");
+            }
+
+            if (!supportedFeatures.VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics || !supportedFeatures.FragmentStoresAndAtomics)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    "[LOADER][WARN] GPU does not support vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics/fragmentStoresAndAtomics " +
+                    "translated shaders using storage buffers in vertex/fragment stages may fail.");
+            }
+            
             var swapchainExtension = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("VK_KHR_swapchain");
             try
             {
@@ -1313,6 +1485,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     PQueueCreateInfos = &queueInfo,
                     EnabledExtensionCount = 1,
                     PpEnabledExtensionNames = &swapchainExtension,
+                    PEnabledFeatures = &enabledFeatures,
                 };
 
                 Check(_vk.CreateDevice(_physicalDevice, &createInfo, null, out _device), "vkCreateDevice");
@@ -1978,81 +2151,16 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             var storageImageCount = textureCount - sampledImageCount;
             var globalBufferCount = resources.GlobalMemoryBuffers.Length;
             var bindingCount = textureCount + (globalBufferCount == 0 ? 0 : 1);
+            var layout = GetOrCreateDescriptorLayout(resources, stageFlags, bindingCount);
+            resources.DescriptorSetLayout = layout.DescriptorSetLayout;
+            resources.PipelineLayout = layout.PipelineLayout;
+            resources.DescriptorLayoutCached = true;
             if (bindingCount == 0)
             {
-                var layoutInfo = new PipelineLayoutCreateInfo
-                {
-                    SType = StructureType.PipelineLayoutCreateInfo,
-                };
-                PipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
-                Check(
-                    _vk.CreatePipelineLayout(_device, &layoutInfo, null, out pipelineLayout),
-                    "vkCreatePipelineLayout");
-                resources.PipelineLayout = pipelineLayout;
                 return;
             }
 
-            var bindings = new DescriptorSetLayoutBinding[bindingCount];
+            var setLayout = layout.DescriptorSetLayout;
-            var bindingOffset = 0;
-            if (globalBufferCount != 0)
-            {
-                bindings[bindingOffset++] = new DescriptorSetLayoutBinding
-                {
-                    Binding = 0,
-                    DescriptorType = DescriptorType.StorageBuffer,
-                    DescriptorCount = (uint)globalBufferCount,
-                    StageFlags = stageFlags,
-                };
-            }
-
-            for (var index = 0; index < textureCount; index++)
-            {
-                bindings[bindingOffset + index] = new DescriptorSetLayoutBinding
-                {
-                    Binding = (uint)(index + 1),
-                    DescriptorType = resources.Textures[index].IsStorage
-                        ? DescriptorType.StorageImage
-                        : DescriptorType.CombinedImageSampler,
-                    DescriptorCount = 1,
-                    StageFlags = stageFlags,
-                };
-            }
-
-            fixed (DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* bindingPointer = bindings)
-            {
-                var layoutInfo = new DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo
-                {
-                    SType = StructureType.DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo,
-                    BindingCount = (uint)bindings.Length,
-                    PBindings = bindingPointer,
-                };
-                DescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
-                Check(
-                    _vk.CreateDescriptorSetLayout(
-                        _device,
-                        &layoutInfo,
-                        null,
-                        out descriptorSetLayout),
-                    "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
-                resources.DescriptorSetLayout = descriptorSetLayout;
-            }
-
-            var setLayout = resources.DescriptorSetLayout;
-            var pipelineLayoutInfo = new PipelineLayoutCreateInfo
-            {
-                SType = StructureType.PipelineLayoutCreateInfo,
-                SetLayoutCount = 1,
-                PSetLayouts = &setLayout,
-            };
-            PipelineLayout translatedPipelineLayout;
-            Check(
-                _vk.CreatePipelineLayout(
-                    _device,
-                    &pipelineLayoutInfo,
-                    null,
-                    out translatedPipelineLayout),
-                "vkCreatePipelineLayout");
-            resources.PipelineLayout = translatedPipelineLayout;
 
             var poolSizes = new DescriptorPoolSize[
                 (sampledImageCount == 0 ? 0 : 1) +
@@ -2202,6 +2310,21 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             RenderPass renderPass,
             Extent2D extent)
         {
+            var pipelineKey = new GraphicsPipelineKey(
+                GetShaderDigest(vertexSpirv),
+                GetShaderDigest(fragmentSpirv),
+                renderPass.Handle,
+                resources.Topology,
+                resources.Blend,
+                GetResourceLayoutKey(resources),
+                GetVertexLayoutKey(resources));
+            if (_graphicsPipelines.TryGetValue(pipelineKey, out var cachedPipeline))
+            {
+                resources.Pipeline = cachedPipeline;
+                resources.PipelineCached = true;
+                return;
+            }
+
             var vertexModule = CreateShaderModule(vertexSpirv);
             var fragmentModule = CreateShaderModule(fragmentSpirv);
             var entryPoint = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("main");
@@ -2353,6 +2476,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                             out pipeline),
                         "vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(translated)");
                     resources.Pipeline = pipeline;
+                    resources.PipelineCached = true;
+                    _graphicsPipelines.Add(pipelineKey, pipeline);
                     SetDebugName(
                         ObjectType.Pipeline,
                         pipeline.Handle,
@@ -2367,6 +2492,129 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
         }
 
+        private DescriptorLayoutBundle GetOrCreateDescriptorLayout(
+            TranslatedDrawResources resources,
+            ShaderStageFlags stageFlags,
+            int bindingCount)
+        {
+            var key = new DescriptorLayoutKey(stageFlags, GetResourceLayoutKey(resources));
+            if (_descriptorLayouts.TryGetValue(key, out var cached))
+            {
+                return cached;
+            }
+
+            DescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout = default;
+            if (bindingCount != 0)
+            {
+                var bindings = new DescriptorSetLayoutBinding[bindingCount];
+                var bindingOffset = 0;
+                if (resources.GlobalMemoryBuffers.Length != 0)
+                {
+                    bindings[bindingOffset++] = new DescriptorSetLayoutBinding
+                    {
+                        Binding = 0,
+                        DescriptorType = DescriptorType.StorageBuffer,
+                        DescriptorCount = (uint)resources.GlobalMemoryBuffers.Length,
+                        StageFlags = stageFlags,
+                    };
+                }
+
+                for (var index = 0; index < resources.Textures.Length; index++)
+                {
+                    bindings[bindingOffset + index] = new DescriptorSetLayoutBinding
+                    {
+                        Binding = (uint)(index + 1),
+                        DescriptorType = resources.Textures[index].IsStorage
+                            ? DescriptorType.StorageImage
+                            : DescriptorType.CombinedImageSampler,
+                        DescriptorCount = 1,
+                        StageFlags = stageFlags,
+                    };
+                }
+
+                fixed (DescriptorSetLayoutBinding* bindingPointer = bindings)
+                {
+                    var descriptorInfo = new DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo
+                    {
+                        SType = StructureType.DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo,
+                        BindingCount = (uint)bindings.Length,
+                        PBindings = bindingPointer,
+                    };
+                    Check(
+                        _vk.CreateDescriptorSetLayout(
+                            _device,
+                            &descriptorInfo,
+                            null,
+                            out descriptorSetLayout),
+                        "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
+                }
+            }
+
+            var pipelineInfo = new PipelineLayoutCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PipelineLayoutCreateInfo,
+            };
+            if (descriptorSetLayout.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                pipelineInfo.SetLayoutCount = 1;
+                pipelineInfo.PSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout;
+            }
+
+            PipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+            Check(
+                _vk.CreatePipelineLayout(
+                    _device,
+                    &pipelineInfo,
+                    null,
+                    out pipelineLayout),
+                "vkCreatePipelineLayout");
+            var created = new DescriptorLayoutBundle(descriptorSetLayout, pipelineLayout);
+            _descriptorLayouts.Add(key, created);
+            return created;
+        }
+
+        private string GetShaderDigest(byte[] spirv)
+        {
+            if (_shaderDigests.TryGetValue(spirv, out var digest))
+            {
+                return digest;
+            }
+
+            digest = Convert.ToHexString(SHA256.HashData(spirv));
+            _shaderDigests.Add(spirv, digest);
+            return digest;
+        }
+
+        private static string GetResourceLayoutKey(TranslatedDrawResources resources)
+        {
+            var key = new StringBuilder();
+            key.Append(resources.GlobalMemoryBuffers.Length).Append(':');
+            foreach (var texture in resources.Textures)
+            {
+                key.Append(texture.IsStorage ? 'S' : 'T');
+            }
+
+            return key.ToString();
+        }
+
+        private static string GetVertexLayoutKey(TranslatedDrawResources resources)
+        {
+            var key = new StringBuilder();
+            foreach (var buffer in resources.VertexBuffers)
+            {
+                key.Append(buffer.Location).Append(',')
+                    .Append(buffer.ComponentCount).Append(',')
+                    .Append(buffer.DataFormat).Append(',')
+                    .Append(buffer.NumberFormat).Append(',')
+                    .Append(buffer.Stride == 0
+                        ? Math.Max(buffer.ComponentCount, 1) * sizeof(float)
+                        : buffer.Stride)
+                    .Append(';');
+            }
+
+            return key.ToString();
+        }
+
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
         private void CreateComputePipeline(
             TranslatedDrawResources resources,
@@ -2779,7 +3027,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             SetDebugName(ObjectType.Buffer, stagingBuffer.Handle, $"{debugName} staging");
             SetDebugName(ObjectType.Image, image.Handle, $"{debugName} image");
             SetDebugName(ObjectType.ImageView, view.Handle, $"{debugName} view");
-            return new TextureResource
+            var resource = new TextureResource
             {
                 Address = texture.Address,
                 StagingBuffer = stagingBuffer,
@@ -2795,6 +3043,38 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 OwnsStorage = true,
                 SamplerState = texture.Sampler,
             };
+
+            if (texture.Address != 0 &&
+                !_guestImages.ContainsKey(texture.Address))
+            {
+                var guestImage = new GuestImageResource
+                {
+                    Address = texture.Address,
+                    Width = width,
+                    Height = height,
+                    MipLevels = 1,
+                    Format = vkFormat,
+                    Image = image,
+                    Memory = imageMemory,
+                    View = view,
+                    InitialUploadPending = true,
+                };
+                _guestImages.Add(texture.Address, guestImage);
+                resource.OwnsStorage = false;
+                resource.GuestImage = guestImage;
+                lock (_gate)
+                {
+                    var guestFormat = VulkanVideoPresenter.GetGuestTextureFormat(
+                        texture.Format,
+                        texture.NumberType);
+                    if (guestFormat != 0)
+                    {
+                        _availableGuestImages[texture.Address] = guestFormat;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return resource;
         }
 
         private void DumpTextureUpload(
@@ -2895,6 +3175,11 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
         private Sampler CreateSampler(VulkanGuestSampler sampler)
         {
+            if (_samplers.TryGetValue(sampler, out var cachedSampler))
+            {
+                return cachedSampler;
+            }
+
             var minLod = DecodeSamplerMipFilter(sampler) == 0
                 ? 0f
                 : DecodeSamplerMinLod(sampler);
@@ -2921,6 +3206,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             Check(
                 _vk.CreateSampler(_device, &samplerInfo, null, out vkSampler),
                 "vkCreateSampler(texture)");
+            _samplers.Add(sampler, vkSampler);
             return vkSampler;
         }
 
@@ -3035,11 +3321,31 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             out DeviceMemory memory)
         {
             var size = (ulong)Math.Max(data.Length, sizeof(uint));
-            var buffer = CreateBuffer(
+            var capacity = BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2(size);
-                size,
+            var key = new HostBufferPoolKey(usage, capacity);
-                usage,
+            if (!_hostBufferPool.TryGetValue(key, out var available))
-                MemoryPropertyFlags.HostVisibleBit | MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCoherentBit,
+            {
-                out memory);
+                available = new Stack<HostBufferAllocation>();
+                _hostBufferPool.Add(key, available);
+            }
+
+            HostBufferAllocation allocation;
+            if (available.TryPop(out var pooled))
+            {
+                allocation = pooled;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var buffer = CreateBuffer(
+                    capacity,
+                    usage,
+                    MemoryPropertyFlags.HostVisibleBit | MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCoherentBit,
+                    out var allocatedMemory);
+                allocation = new HostBufferAllocation(buffer, allocatedMemory, key);
+                _hostBufferAllocations.Add(buffer.Handle, allocation);
+            }
+
+            memory = allocation.Memory;
             void* mapped;
             Check(_vk.MapMemory(_device, memory, 0, size, 0, &mapped), "vkMapMemory(host)");
             try
@@ -3058,7 +3364,28 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 _vk.UnmapMemory(_device, memory);
             }
 
-            return buffer;
+            return allocation.Buffer;
+        }
+
+        private void RecycleHostBuffer(VkBuffer buffer, DeviceMemory memory)
+        {
+            if (buffer.Handle == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (_hostBufferAllocations.TryGetValue(buffer.Handle, out var allocation) &&
+                allocation.Memory.Handle == memory.Handle)
+            {
+                _hostBufferPool[allocation.Key].Push(allocation);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _vk.DestroyBuffer(_device, buffer, null);
+            if (memory.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.FreeMemory(_device, memory, null);
+            }
         }
 
         private static PrimitiveTopology GetPrimitiveTopology(uint primitiveType) =>
@@ -3608,6 +3935,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     resources,
                     GetTraceImages(resources));
                 submitted = true;
+                MarkSampledImagesInitialized(resources);
                 MarkStorageImagesInitialized(resources, traceContents: false);
                 TraceVulkanShader(
                     $"vk.compute_dispatch groups={work.GroupCountX}x" +
@@ -3796,6 +4124,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     GetTraceImages(resources, target));
                 submitted = true;
                 target.Initialized = true;
+                MarkSampledImagesInitialized(resources);
                 MarkStorageImagesInitialized(resources, traceContents: false);
 
                 var guestTextureFormat = GetGuestTextureFormat(target.Format);
@@ -4498,6 +4827,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             CheckSwapchainResult(presentResult, "vkQueuePresentKHR");
             recreateAfterPresent |= presentResult == Result.SuboptimalKhr;
             Check(_vk.QueueWaitIdle(_queue), "vkQueueWaitIdle");
+            VideoOutExports.ReportPresentedFrame();
             if (_swapchainReadbackPending)
             {
                 TraceSwapchainReadback();
@@ -4505,6 +4835,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
             if (translatedResources is not null)
             {
+                MarkSampledImagesInitialized(translatedResources);
                 MarkStorageImagesInitialized(translatedResources);
                 DestroyTranslatedDrawResources(translatedResources);
             }
@@ -5010,6 +5341,27 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
         }
 
+        private static void MarkSampledImagesInitialized(
+            TranslatedDrawResources resources)
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                foreach (var texture in resources.Textures)
+                {
+                    if (!texture.NeedsUpload ||
+                        texture.IsStorage ||
+                        texture.Address == 0 ||
+                        texture.GuestImage is not { } guestImage)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    guestImage.Initialized = true;
+                    guestImage.InitialUploadPending = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         private bool ShouldTraceGuestImageContents(GuestImageResource image)
         {
             if (image.Address == 0)
@@ -5248,11 +5600,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     _vk.FreeMemory(_device, texture.StagingMemory, null);
                 }
 
-                if (texture.Sampler.Handle != 0)
-                {
-                    _vk.DestroySampler(_device, texture.Sampler, null);
-                }
-
                 if (texture.NeedsUpload &&
                     texture.GuestImage is { Initialized: false } guestImage)
                 {
@@ -5267,15 +5614,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                if (globalBuffer.Buffer.Handle != 0)
+                RecycleHostBuffer(globalBuffer.Buffer, globalBuffer.Memory);
-                {
-                    _vk.DestroyBuffer(_device, globalBuffer.Buffer, null);
-                }
-
-                if (globalBuffer.Memory.Handle != 0)
-                {
-                    _vk.FreeMemory(_device, globalBuffer.Memory, null);
-                }
             }
 
             foreach (var vertexBuffer in resources.VertexBuffers)
@@ -5285,26 +5624,10 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                if (vertexBuffer.Buffer.Handle != 0)
+                RecycleHostBuffer(vertexBuffer.Buffer, vertexBuffer.Memory);
-                {
-                    _vk.DestroyBuffer(_device, vertexBuffer.Buffer, null);
-                }
-
-                if (vertexBuffer.Memory.Handle != 0)
-                {
-                    _vk.FreeMemory(_device, vertexBuffer.Memory, null);
-                }
             }
 
-            if (resources.IndexBuffer.Handle != 0)
+            RecycleHostBuffer(resources.IndexBuffer, resources.IndexMemory);
-            {
-                _vk.DestroyBuffer(_device, resources.IndexBuffer, null);
-            }
-
-            if (resources.IndexMemory.Handle != 0)
-            {
-                _vk.FreeMemory(_device, resources.IndexMemory, null);
-            }
 
             if (!resources.PipelineCached && resources.Pipeline.Handle != 0)
             {
@@ -5316,12 +5639,14 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 _vk.DestroyDescriptorPool(_device, resources.DescriptorPool, null);
             }
 
-            if (resources.PipelineLayout.Handle != 0)
+            if (!resources.DescriptorLayoutCached &&
+                resources.PipelineLayout.Handle != 0)
             {
                 _vk.DestroyPipelineLayout(_device, resources.PipelineLayout, null);
             }
 
-            if (resources.DescriptorSetLayout.Handle != 0)
+            if (!resources.DescriptorLayoutCached &&
+                resources.DescriptorSetLayout.Handle != 0)
             {
                 _vk.DestroyDescriptorSetLayout(_device, resources.DescriptorSetLayout, null);
             }
@@ -5748,6 +6073,10 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 return;
             }
 
+            if (_debugUtils is not null && _debugMessenger.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _debugUtils.DestroyDebugUtilsMessenger(_instance, _debugMessenger, null);
+            }
             _vulkanReady = false;
             _vk.DeviceWaitIdle(_device);
             CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
@@ -5756,6 +6085,36 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 _vk.DestroyPipeline(_device, pipeline, null);
             }
             _computePipelines.Clear();
+            foreach (var pipeline in _graphicsPipelines.Values)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyPipeline(_device, pipeline, null);
+            }
+            _graphicsPipelines.Clear();
+            foreach (var layout in _descriptorLayouts.Values)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyPipelineLayout(_device, layout.PipelineLayout, null);
+                if (layout.DescriptorSetLayout.Handle != 0)
+                {
+                    _vk.DestroyDescriptorSetLayout(
+                        _device,
+                        layout.DescriptorSetLayout,
+                        null);
+                }
+            }
+            _descriptorLayouts.Clear();
+            foreach (var sampler in _samplers.Values)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroySampler(_device, sampler, null);
+            }
+            _samplers.Clear();
+            _shaderDigests.Clear();
+            foreach (var allocation in _hostBufferAllocations.Values)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyBuffer(_device, allocation.Buffer, null);
+                _vk.FreeMemory(_device, allocation.Memory, null);
+            }
+            _hostBufferAllocations.Clear();
+            _hostBufferPool.Clear();
             foreach (var guestImage in _guestImages.Values)
             {
                 DestroyGuestImage(guestImage);

src/SharpEmu.Libs/packages.lock.json

@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@
           "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
         }
       },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT": {
+        "type": "Direct",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "+Oth189ksRiL6HvGCwIdnsYHawqrbO8y49u1H61z3wsfcHhQZeVDYe/wF5LD7fk3NcdgDvwFD3mLm1QWhdZySw==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
       "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
         "type": "Direct",
         "requested": "[2.23.0, )",