[GUI] Fixes and improvements for the GUI, including new image assets and updates to language files.

.github/workflows/workflow.yml

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ jobs:
       DOTNET_NOLOGO: true
       NUGET_PACKAGES: ${{ github.workspace }}\.nuget\packages
       PUBLISH_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}\artifacts\publish\win-x64
+      RELEASE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}\artifacts\release
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -120,13 +121,24 @@ jobs:
       - name: Publish win-x64 CLI
         run: dotnet publish src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj -c Release -r win-x64 --self-contained true --no-restore -p:PublishDir="${env:PUBLISH_DIR}"
 
+      - name: Create release archive
+        run: |
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $env:RELEASE_DIR -Force | Out-Null
+
+          $archiveName = "sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-win-x64.zip"
+          $archivePath = Join-Path $env:RELEASE_DIR $archiveName
+          if (Test-Path $archivePath) {
+            Remove-Item $archivePath -Force
+          }
+
+          Compress-Archive -Path (Join-Path $env:PUBLISH_DIR '*') -DestinationPath $archivePath -CompressionLevel Optimal
+
       - name: Upload build artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: sharpemu-win-x64-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
-          path: ${{ env.PUBLISH_DIR }}
+          path: ${{ env.RELEASE_DIR }}\sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-win-x64.zip
           if-no-files-found: error
-          include-hidden-files: true
 
   build-posix:
     name: Build ${{ matrix.rid }}
@@ -146,6 +158,7 @@ jobs:
       DOTNET_NOLOGO: true
       NUGET_PACKAGES: ${{ github.workspace }}/.nuget/packages
       PUBLISH_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/artifacts/publish/${{ matrix.rid }}
+      RELEASE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/artifacts/release
       SPIRV_HEADERS_COMMIT: ad9184e76a66b1001c29db9b0a3e87f646c64de0
       # SpirvModuleBuilder emits SPIR-V 1.5 and VulkanVideoPresenter requests Vulkan 1.2.
       SPIRV_TARGET_ENV: vulkan1.2
@@ -210,13 +223,19 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.rid == 'osx-x64'
         run: scripts/fetch-macos-moltenvk.sh "$PUBLISH_DIR"
 
+      - name: Create release archive
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "$RELEASE_DIR"
+          # tar keeps the executable bit, which zip would drop.
+          tar -czf "$RELEASE_DIR/sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-${{ matrix.rid }}.tar.gz" \
+            -C "$PUBLISH_DIR" .
+
       - name: Upload build artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: sharpemu-${{ matrix.rid }}-${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
-          path: ${{ env.PUBLISH_DIR }}
+          path: ${{ env.RELEASE_DIR }}/sharpemu-${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}-${{ matrix.rid }}.tar.gz
           if-no-files-found: error
-          include-hidden-files: true
 
   release:
     name: Publish GitHub Release
@@ -236,28 +255,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: release
 
-      - name: Package release assets
-        shell: bash
-        env:
-          SHORT_SHA: ${{ needs.init.outputs.short-sha }}
-          VERSION: ${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-
-          win_dir="release/sharpemu-win-x64-${SHORT_SHA}"
-          linux_dir="release/sharpemu-linux-x64-${SHORT_SHA}"
-          macos_dir="release/sharpemu-osx-x64-${SHORT_SHA}"
-          for package_dir in "${win_dir}" "${linux_dir}" "${macos_dir}"; do
-            test -d "${package_dir}"
-          done
-
-          mkdir -p release-assets
-          (cd "${win_dir}" && zip -q -r "../../release-assets/sharpemu-${VERSION}-win-x64.zip" .)
-
-          chmod +x "${linux_dir}/SharpEmu" "${macos_dir}/SharpEmu"
-          tar -czf "release-assets/sharpemu-${VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz" -C "${linux_dir}" .
-          tar -czf "release-assets/sharpemu-${VERSION}-osx-x64.tar.gz" -C "${macos_dir}" .
-
       - name: Create release
         shell: bash
         env:
@@ -267,9 +264,9 @@ jobs:
           RELEASE_TAG: ${{ needs.init.outputs.release-tag }}
           VERSION: ${{ needs.init.outputs.version }}
         run: |
-          mapfile -t assets < <(find release-assets -maxdepth 1 -type f \( -name '*.zip' -o -name '*.tar.gz' \) | sort)
+          mapfile -t assets < <(find release -type f \( -name '*.zip' -o -name '*.tar.gz' \) | sort)
-          if [ "${#assets[@]}" -ne 3 ]; then
+          if [ "${#assets[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
-            echo "Expected 3 release assets, found ${#assets[@]}." >&2
+            echo "No release assets found." >&2
             exit 1
           fi
 

.gitignore

@@ -42,4 +42,3 @@ ehthumbs.db
 
 .vs/
 .idea/
-.vscode/

Directory.Build.props

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
-    <SharpEmuVersion>0.0.2-beta.4</SharpEmuVersion>
+    <SharpEmuVersion>0.0.2-beta.3</SharpEmuVersion>
     <Version>$(SharpEmuVersion)</Version>
 
     <RepoRoot>$([MSBuild]::NormalizeDirectory('$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)'))</RepoRoot>

REUSE.toml

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ path = [
     "**/packages.lock.json",
     "scripts/ps5_names.txt",
     "src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/**",
-    "src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/Templates/**",
-    "tests/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal.Tests/Goldens/**",
     "_logs/**",
     ".github/images/**",
     ".github/pull_request_template.md",

SharpEmu.slnx

@@ -14,13 +14,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.Logging/SharpEmu.Logging.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.csproj" />
-    <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Vulkan/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Vulkan.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.csproj" />
   </Folder>
   <Folder Name="/tests/">
     <Project Path="tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.csproj" />
-    <Project Path="tests/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal.Tests/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal.Tests.csproj" />
     <Project Path="tests/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.Tests/SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.Tests.csproj" />
   </Folder>
 </Solution>

docs/aerolib-catalog.md

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
--->
-
-# Aerolib Catalog
-
-```bash
-# NID to export name
-python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py lookup Zxa0VhQVTsk
-
-# Export name to NID
-python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py lookup sceKernelWaitSema
-
-# Search export names
-python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py search VideoOut --limit 20
-
-# Export all NID/name pairs to artifacts/aerolib.txt
-python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py export
-```

docs/bink2-bridge.md

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ available, presents its decoded BGRA frames at the normal guest-flip boundary.
 This preserves the game's own timing and lets the host Vulkan presenter display
 the movie without trying to execute the PS5-specific Bink GPU decode path.
 
-Without an adapter, Bink files remain visible to the guest and the game's
+Without an adapter, Bink movies are skipped by default: their open call returns
-statically linked decoder runs normally. Set SHARPEMU_BINK_MODE=skip only when
+not-found so games that mark cinematics as optional progress to their next
-explicitly testing a title whose cinematics are optional.
+state instead of waiting on an empty Bink GPU texture.
 
 Set SHARPEMU_BINK_MODE=dummy to retain the open and show a built-in,
 non-decoded placeholder frame. This requires no SDK, but is a visual diagnostic

docs/guest-write-watch.md

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
--->
-
-# Guest write watch
-
-`GuestWriteWatch` is an optional diagnostic tool. It helps you find managed
-code and HLE code that damage guest memory. The tool starts only if you set one
-or more `SHARPEMU_WATCH_*` environment variables.
-
-The tool monitors writes through the SharpEmu managed virtual-memory APIs. It
-does not monitor stores that native guest code makes directly. Use a platform
-debugger or a hardware watchpoint to monitor these stores.
-
-## Watch modes
-
-- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_WRITE=0x<address>` logs a write that overlaps the eight-byte
-  block at the specified guest address.
-- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_POOL_HEADER=1` monitors the pointer at offset `0x40`. It
-  monitors the first 64 direct mappings that have a size of 64 KiB and
-  protection value `0xF2`.
-- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_VALUE_PATTERN=1` logs an eight-byte write if its lower 32 bits
-  are `1`. The upper 32 bits must look like a small guest-pointer prefix.
-- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_VALUE1=1` logs short writes of value `1` in the high guest
-  memory range. The tool logs a maximum of 128 entries for each process.
-- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_TORN=1` scans aligned 64-bit words in bulk writes. It
-  finds damaged pointer patterns and byte-shifted pointer patterns. The tool
-  logs a maximum of 64 entries for each process.
-- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_DEST_HI=0x<high-dword>` scans only writes that have the
-  specified upper 32 bits in the destination address.
-
-For each match, the tool logs the destination address, the data pattern, and the
-managed call stack. The log uses the `watch_write` or `watch_bulk_torn` warning
-tag.
-
-Use these variables together to scan bulk writes in the
-`0x00000080xxxxxxxx` region.
-
-macOS and Linux:
-
-```sh
-SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_TORN=1 \
-SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_DEST_HI=0x80 \
-SharpEmu /path/to/eboot.bin
-```
-
-Windows PowerShell:
-
-```powershell
-$env:SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_TORN = "1"
-$env:SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_DEST_HI = "0x80"
-& .\SharpEmu.exe C:\path\to\game\eboot.bin
-```
-
-To reduce unnecessary log entries, use an exact `SHARPEMU_WATCH_WRITE`
-address from a crash dump.

global.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
     "sdk": {
         "version": "10.0.103",
-        "rollForward": "latestFeature"
+        "rollForward": "disable"
     }
 }

scripts/aerolib_catalog.py

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-import base64
-import hashlib
-import re
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-
-
-NID_SUFFIX = bytes.fromhex("518d64a635ded8c1e6b039b1c3e55230")
-NID_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z0-9+-]{11}$")
-DEFAULT_NAMES_FILE = Path(__file__).resolve().with_name("ps5_names.txt")
-DEFAULT_EXPORT_FILE = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "artifacts" / "aerolib.txt"
-
-
-def compute_nid(export_name: str) -> str:
-    digest = hashlib.sha1(export_name.encode("utf-8") + NID_SUFFIX).digest()
-    encoded = base64.b64encode(digest[:8][::-1]).decode("ascii")
-    return encoded.rstrip("=").replace("/", "-")
-
-
-def read_names(path: Path) -> list[str]:
-    try:
-        return [
-            line.strip()
-            for line in path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
-            if line.strip()
-        ]
-    except OSError as error:
-        raise SystemExit(f"Unable to read catalog '{path}': {error}") from error
-
-
-def write_pair(nid: str, export_name: str) -> None:
-    print(f"{nid}\t{export_name}")
-
-
-def lookup(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
-    value = args.value.strip()
-    if NID_PATTERN.fullmatch(value):
-        for export_name in read_names(args.names):
-            if compute_nid(export_name) == value:
-                write_pair(value, export_name)
-                return 0
-
-        print(f"NID not found in catalog: {value}", file=sys.stderr)
-        return 1
-
-    names = set(read_names(args.names))
-    write_pair(compute_nid(value), value)
-    if value not in names:
-        print("Warning: export name is not present in the catalog.", file=sys.stderr)
-    return 0
-
-
-def search(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
-    names = read_names(args.names)
-    if args.regex:
-        try:
-            pattern = re.compile(args.query, 0 if args.case_sensitive else re.IGNORECASE)
-        except re.error as error:
-            print(f"Invalid regular expression: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
-            return 2
-
-        matches = (name for name in names if pattern.search(name))
-    elif args.case_sensitive:
-        matches = (name for name in names if args.query in name)
-    else:
-        query = args.query.casefold()
-        matches = (name for name in names if query in name.casefold())
-
-    count = 0
-    for export_name in matches:
-        write_pair(compute_nid(export_name), export_name)
-        count += 1
-        if args.limit and count >= args.limit:
-            break
-
-    if count == 0:
-        print(f"No catalog names matched: {args.query}", file=sys.stderr)
-        return 1
-    return 0
-
-
-def export_catalog(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
-    pairs = [(compute_nid(name), name) for name in read_names(args.names)]
-    if args.sort == "nid":
-        pairs.sort(key=lambda pair: (pair[0], pair[1]))
-    elif args.sort == "name":
-        pairs.sort(key=lambda pair: pair[1])
-
-    args.output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    try:
-        with args.output.open("w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as output:
-            output.write("# NID\tExportName\n")
-            for nid, export_name in pairs:
-                output.write(f"{nid}\t{export_name}\n")
-    except OSError as error:
-        print(f"Unable to write catalog '{args.output}': {error}", file=sys.stderr)
-        return 1
-
-    print(f"Wrote {len(pairs)} entries to {args.output}")
-    return 0
-
-
-def create_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Inspect the SharpEmu PS5 export-name/NID catalog.",
-        epilog=(
-            "Examples:\n"
-            "  python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py lookup Zxa0VhQVTsk\n"
-            "  python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py lookup sceKernelWaitSema\n"
-            "  python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py search VideoOut --limit 20\n"
-            "  python scripts/aerolib_catalog.py export"
-        ),
-        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--names",
-        type=Path,
-        default=DEFAULT_NAMES_FILE,
-        help=f"source name list (default: {DEFAULT_NAMES_FILE})",
-    )
-
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", required=True)
-
-    lookup_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "lookup", help="resolve a NID or calculate the NID for an export name"
-    )
-    lookup_parser.add_argument("value", help="11-character NID or exact export name")
-    lookup_parser.set_defaults(handler=lookup)
-
-    search_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "search", help="find export names and print matching NID/name pairs"
-    )
-    search_parser.add_argument("query", help="name substring or regular expression")
-    search_parser.add_argument(
-        "--limit", type=int, default=50, help="maximum matches; 0 means unlimited"
-    )
-    search_parser.add_argument(
-        "--case-sensitive", action="store_true", help="match case exactly"
-    )
-    search_parser.add_argument(
-        "--regex", action="store_true", help="treat the query as a regular expression"
-    )
-    search_parser.set_defaults(handler=search)
-
-    export_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "export", help="write every NID/name pair to a tab-separated text file"
-    )
-    export_parser.add_argument(
-        "output",
-        type=Path,
-        nargs="?",
-        default=DEFAULT_EXPORT_FILE,
-        help=f"output file (default: {DEFAULT_EXPORT_FILE})",
-    )
-    export_parser.add_argument(
-        "--sort",
-        choices=("source", "nid", "name"),
-        default="nid",
-        help="output ordering (default: nid)",
-    )
-    export_parser.set_defaults(handler=export_catalog)
-
-    return parser
-
-
-def main() -> int:
-    parser = create_parser()
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    return args.handler(args)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    raise SystemExit(main())

src/SharpEmu.CLI/Program.cs

@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ internal static partial class Program
     [STAThread]
     private static int Main(string[] args)
     {
+        // Avoid blocking full collections while guest and render threads are
+        // running, and establish the GC mode before the runtime reserves the
+        // fixed guest address-space window.
+        System.Runtime.GCSettings.LatencyMode = System.Runtime.GCLatencyMode.SustainedLowLatency;
+
         try
         {
             return Run(args);
@@ -607,7 +612,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
             nint jobHandle = 0;
             Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(MitigatedChildEnvironment, "1");
             var created = CreateProcessW(
-                null,
+                processPath,
                 cmdLineBuilder,
                 0,
                 0,
@@ -1433,7 +1438,7 @@ internal static partial class Program
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateProcessW", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
     [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
     private static extern bool CreateProcessW(
-        string? applicationName,
+        string applicationName,
         StringBuilder commandLine,
         nint processAttributes,
         nint threadAttributes,

src/SharpEmu.CLI/SharpEmu.CLI.csproj

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>false</GenerateDocumentationFile>
     <DebugType>none</DebugType>
     <DebugSymbols>false</DebugSymbols>
+    <RestorePackagesWithLockFile>true</RestorePackagesWithLockFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == 'win-x64' Or '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == ''">

src/SharpEmu.CLI/app.manifest

@@ -13,9 +13,4 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
       <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
     </application>
   </compatibility>
-  <asmv3:application xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
-    <asmv3:windowsSettings>
-      <dpiAwareness xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2016/WindowsSettings">PerMonitorV2</dpiAwareness>
-    </asmv3:windowsSettings>
-  </asmv3:application>
 </assembly>

src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json

@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+{
+  "version": 2,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "net10.0": {
+      "Microsoft.NET.ILLink.Tasks": {
+        "type": "Direct",
+        "requested": "[10.0.3, )",
+        "resolved": "10.0.3",
+        "contentHash": "0B6nZyCHWXnvmlB559oduOspVdNOnpNXPjhpWVMovLPAsDVG7A4jJR9rzECf67JUzxP8/ee/wA8clwIzJcWNFA=="
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
+        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
+      },
+      "Avalonia.BuildServices": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.2",
+        "contentHash": "qHDToxto1e3hci5YqbG9n0Ty8mlp3zBUN5wT66wKqaDVzXyQ0do3EnRILd4Ke9jpvsktaPpgE0YjEk7hornryQ=="
+      },
+      "Avalonia.FreeDesktop": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "aUwv8BNruRUOaUfMu4U3uibIUS60/rSHgGOhd8zBkLkpxY3JFJvgRbeq5ZzHIyKXCuKi18PO00YHAgCarp3wdw==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
+          "Tmds.DBus.Protocol": "0.21.3"
+        }
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Native": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
+        }
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Remote.Protocol": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "vw+6ZfgTuu72dA9aVWn6u56t2nrBd5MoMU0wo/qI9XJAl/c0oYYphIvwLvJP1JorubQY4UE3d0ac8ULBhrGBiA=="
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Skia": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "/B4aXmNRNjG8I5U/a1xJI+bIi0XO6DDzS3mBrIKlVnJRY2CyZiUeESRQXLnIU77Z9TvqkUROs+D47s085YjFtA==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
+          "HarfBuzzSharp": "8.3.1.1",
+          "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": "8.3.1.1",
+          "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": "8.3.1.1",
+          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9",
+          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": "2.88.9",
+          "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.WebAssembly": "2.88.9"
+        }
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Win32": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "eioUHkM2PeLPETd1aEks3rvb9plbba6buIrNdrqCpwE/qgHKUjvRNBd5mUQfAbGgTLiAes524gB8uUMDhrsJVQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
+          "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": "2.1.25547.20250602"
+        }
+      },
+      "Avalonia.X11": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "m4Ki/G5Dovnq+6QzfS0iGbK8V77Q6oTjToMLOB0CxPCCrl3Oxywh6kIjuGJDPaN6kopMmjxlNShyQf+vPYL+JA==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18",
+          "Avalonia.FreeDesktop": "11.3.18",
+          "Avalonia.Skia": "11.3.18"
+        }
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp": {
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+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      }
+    },
+    "net10.0/osx-x64": {
+      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
+        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Native": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
+        }
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "3EZ1mpIiKWRLL5hUYA82ZHteeDIVaEA/Z0rA/wU6tjx6crcAkJnBPwDXZugBSfo8+J3EznvRJf49uMsqYfKrHg=="
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "jbtCsgftcaFLCA13tVKo5iWdElJScrulLTKJre36O4YQTIlwDtPPqhRZNk+Y0vv4D1gxbscasGRucUDfS44ofQ=="
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "UsJtQsfAJoFDZrXc4hCUfRPMqccfKZ0iumJ/upcUjz/cmsTgVFGNEL5yaJWmkqsuFYdMWbj/En5/kS4PFl9hBA=="
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
+        }
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
+      },
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      }
+    },
+    "net10.0/win-x64": {
+      "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.1.25547.20250602",
+        "contentHash": "ZL0VLc4s9rvNNFt19Pxm5UNAkmKNylugAwJPX9ulXZ6JWs/l6XZihPWWTyezaoNOVyEPU8YbURtW7XMAtqXH5A=="
+      },
+      "Avalonia.Native": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "11.3.18",
+        "contentHash": "8g53DROFW6wVJAnTsE1Iu5bdZO5r0oqxbdbMQODs1QDYCK2IU/y/x/vQVKCYOvqxl4tXkzU9tExv8XqSGPWthQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Avalonia": "11.3.18"
+        }
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "3EZ1mpIiKWRLL5hUYA82ZHteeDIVaEA/Z0rA/wU6tjx6crcAkJnBPwDXZugBSfo8+J3EznvRJf49uMsqYfKrHg=="
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "jbtCsgftcaFLCA13tVKo5iWdElJScrulLTKJre36O4YQTIlwDtPPqhRZNk+Y0vv4D1gxbscasGRucUDfS44ofQ=="
+      },
+      "HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "8.3.1.1",
+        "contentHash": "UsJtQsfAJoFDZrXc4hCUfRPMqccfKZ0iumJ/upcUjz/cmsTgVFGNEL5yaJWmkqsuFYdMWbj/En5/kS4PFl9hBA=="
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "cWSaJKVPWAaT/WIn9c8T5uT/l4ETwHxNJTkEOtNKjphNo8AW6TF9O32aRkxqw3l8GUdUo66Bu7EiqtFh/XG0Zg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "SkiaSharp": "2.88.9"
+        }
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.macOS": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "Nv5spmKc4505Ep7oUoJ5vp3KweFpeNqxpyGDWyeEPTX2uR6S6syXIm3gj75dM0YJz7NPvcix48mR5laqs8dPuA=="
+      },
+      "SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Win32": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.88.9",
+        "contentHash": "wb2kYgU7iy84nQLYZwMeJXixvK++GoIuECjU4ECaUKNuflyRlJKyiRhN1MAHswvlvzuvkrjRWlK0Za6+kYQK7w=="
+      },
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Emulation/Sse4aBitFieldEmulator.cs

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Emulation;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Pure software implementation of the bit-field math behind AMD's SSE4a EXTRQ/INSERTQ
-/// (immediate-form) instructions.
-///
-/// The direct-execution backend runs guest PS5 code natively on the host CPU. The PS5's Zen 2
-/// cores implement AMD-only SSE4a (EXTRQ/INSERTQ), but Intel hosts - and Rosetta 2 on Apple
-/// Silicon - do not, so they raise #UD (STATUS_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION) instead of executing the
-/// opcode. SharpEmu already rewrites one specific compiled EXTRQ+VPBLENDD idiom at load time
-/// (see <see cref="Native.Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch"/>), but any other occurrence of EXTRQ/INSERTQ -
-/// a different register allocation, a title built with a different compiler version, and so on
-/// - still aborts the title. This class ported from Kyty's
-/// <c>Loader::X64InstructionEmulator::TryEmulateSse4a</c> provides the general bit-field
-/// extract/insert so the illegal-instruction handler can finish *any* immediate-form
-/// EXTRQ/INSERTQ in software and resume, instead of relying on a single hard-coded byte pattern.
-///
-/// The methods operate on plain 64-bit integers rather than the OS CONTEXT record so the bit
-/// math can be unit-tested in isolation; the unsafe CONTEXT/XMM plumbing lives in the backend
-/// adapter (<see cref="Native.DirectExecutionBackend"/>).
-/// </summary>
-public static class Sse4aBitFieldEmulator
-{
-    public static bool IsValidBitField(int length, int index)
-    {
-        var len = length & 0x3F;
-        var idx = index & 0x3F;
-        return (len != 0 || idx == 0) && (len == 0 ? idx == 0 : idx + len <= 64);
-    }
-
-    public static ulong ExtractBitField(ulong value, int length, int index)
-    {
-        var len = length & 0x3F;
-        var idx = index & 0x3F;
-        if (!IsValidBitField(length, index))
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        if (len == 0)
-        {
-            return value;
-        }
-
-        var mask = len == 64 ? ulong.MaxValue : (1UL << len) - 1;
-        return (value >> idx) & mask;
-    }
-
-    public static ulong InsertBitField(ulong destination, ulong source, int length, int index)
-    {
-        var len = length & 0x3F;
-        var idx = index & 0x3F;
-        if (!IsValidBitField(length, index))
-        {
-            return destination;
-        }
-
-        if (len == 0)
-        {
-            return source;
-        }
-
-        var fieldMask = len == 64 ? ulong.MaxValue : (1UL << len) - 1;
-        var destinationClearMask = fieldMask << idx;
-        var sourceField = (source & fieldMask) << idx;
-        return (destination & ~destinationClearMask) | sourceField;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Amd64Compat.cs

@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Threading;
-using Iced.Intel;
-using SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Emulation;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
-
-// General software fallback for the AMD-only instructions PS5 titles occasionally emit that a
-// Zen 2-only host implements but Intel hosts (and Rosetta 2 on Apple Silicon) do not:
-//   - SSE4a EXTRQ/INSERTQ, immediate form
-//   - MONITORX/MWAITX
-//
-// This is a direct port of Kyty's Loader::X64InstructionEmulator (TryEmulateSse4a /
-// TryEmulateMonitorxMwaitx). SharpEmu already special-cases exactly one compiled EXTRQ+VPBLENDD
-// byte sequence at load time (Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch), which only helps the one idiom it was
-// reverse-engineered from. This file is a general, fault-time fallback that engages for any
-// immediate-form EXTRQ/INSERTQ or MONITORX/MWAITX the narrower patch (or a title using a
-// different compiler/register allocation) does not cover, complementing rather than replacing
-// it: the load-time patch still avoids paying the fault-and-recover cost on the hot path it was
-// built for, while this method is the safety net for everything else.
-//
-// This is deliberately additive: DirectExecutionBackend.IllegalInstruction.cs (the BMI1/BMI2/ABM
-// fallback) is untouched, and this method is only reached from VectoredHandler after that one
-// has already declined to handle the fault.
-public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
-{
-    // Byte offset of Xmm0 within the Win64 CONTEXT record: FltSave (the XMM_SAVE_AREA32/FXSAVE
-    // image) starts right after Rip at offset 256, and XmmRegisters[0] sits 160 bytes into that
-    // area (32-byte header + 8 legacy x87/MMX slots x 16 bytes). 256 + 160 = 416 (0x1A0). Cross-
-    // checked against this file's own Win64ContextSize (0x4D0): rebuilding the whole CONTEXT
-    // layout field-by-field from offset 0 lands on the same 0x4D0 total, which would not happen
-    // if this offset (or anything before it) were wrong.
-    private const int Win64ContextXmm0Offset = 0x1A0;
-
-    private static int _sse4aSoftwareFallbackAnnounced;
-    private static long _sse4aInstructionsEmulated;
-    private static int _monitorxSoftwareFallbackAnnounced;
-    private static long _monitorxInstructionsEmulated;
-
-    private unsafe bool TryRecoverAmdCompatInstruction(void* contextRecord, ulong rip)
-    {
-        if (TryRecoverMonitorxMwaitx(contextRecord, rip))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // MONITORX/MWAITX above only ever reads guest code memory and rewrites RIP, both of
-        // which the POSIX signal bridge (DirectExecutionBackend.PosixSignals.cs) faithfully
-        // round-trips through the real ucontext, so it works on every supported OS. EXTRQ/
-        // INSERTQ additionally read and write an XMM register: on Windows contextRecord is the
-        // live CONTEXT the OS resumes the thread from, so touching the Xmm0.. slots is visible
-        // to the guest, but on POSIX contextRecord is a CONTEXT-shaped scratch buffer that the
-        // bridge only populates with the 17 general-purpose registers - the XMM region is never
-        // read from or written back to the real mcontext/ucontext. Running this on POSIX would
-        // silently compute a result from stale/zeroed XMM bytes and then discard whatever it
-        // "wrote", so keep it Windows-only, matching Kyty's own scope for the identical fix.
-        return OperatingSystem.IsWindows() && TryRecoverSse4aExtractInsert(contextRecord, rip);
-    }
-
-    private unsafe bool TryRecoverMonitorxMwaitx(void* contextRecord, ulong rip)
-    {
-        // MONITORX (0F 01 FA) and MWAITX (0F 01 FB) are fixed 3-byte encodings with no
-        // ModRM/SIB/displacement/immediate, so a raw byte compare is sufficient and unambiguous.
-        var opcode = new byte[3];
-        if (!TryReadHostBytes(rip, opcode) ||
-            opcode[0] != 0x0F || opcode[1] != 0x01 || (opcode[2] != 0xFA && opcode[2] != 0xFB))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // PS5 titles use this pair in idle/wait loops: MONITORX arms a monitor on a cache line
-        // and MWAITX blocks until that line is written (or a timeout elapses). Hosts without
-        // the extension raise #UD on either one. We do not model the monitor itself, only its
-        // observable effect on guest forward progress: MONITORX becomes a no-op (arming a
-        // watch we never honour has no side effect of its own) and MWAITX becomes a plain
-        // thread yield, i.e. treat the awaited condition as already satisfied so the guest
-        // loop keeps making progress instead of executing an illegal opcode forever.
-        if (opcode[2] == 0xFB)
-        {
-            Thread.Yield();
-        }
-
-        WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP, rip + 3);
-
-        Interlocked.Increment(ref _monitorxInstructionsEmulated);
-        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _monitorxSoftwareFallbackAnnounced, 1) == 0)
-        {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                "[LOADER][INFO] Host lacks AMD MONITORX/MWAITX used by the guest; " +
-                "emulating those instructions in software.");
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    private unsafe bool TryRecoverSse4aExtractInsert(void* contextRecord, ulong rip)
-    {
-        if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows() || !TryReadFaultingInstruction(rip, out var instruction))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var isExtrq = instruction.Mnemonic == Mnemonic.Extrq;
-        var isInsertq = instruction.Mnemonic == Mnemonic.Insertq;
-        if (!isExtrq && !isInsertq)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (isExtrq && instruction.OpCount != 3 || isInsertq && instruction.OpCount != 4)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (instruction.GetOpKind(0) != OpKind.Register ||
-            !TryGetXmmOffset(instruction.GetOpRegister(0), out var destOffset))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var destLow = ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, destOffset);
-        if (isExtrq)
-        {
-            var length = (int)instruction.GetImmediate(1);
-            var index = (int)instruction.GetImmediate(2);
-            if (!Sse4aBitFieldEmulator.IsValidBitField(length, index))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, destOffset, Sse4aBitFieldEmulator.ExtractBitField(destLow, length, index));
-            WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, destOffset + 8, 0);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (instruction.GetOpKind(1) != OpKind.Register ||
-                !TryGetXmmOffset(instruction.GetOpRegister(1), out var srcOffset))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var length = (int)instruction.GetImmediate(2);
-            var index = (int)instruction.GetImmediate(3);
-            if (!Sse4aBitFieldEmulator.IsValidBitField(length, index))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, destOffset, Sse4aBitFieldEmulator.InsertBitField(
-                destLow, ReadCtxU64(contextRecord, srcOffset), length, index));
-            WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, destOffset + 8, 0);
-        }
-
-        WriteCtxU64(contextRecord, CTX_RIP, rip + (ulong)instruction.Length);
-
-        Interlocked.Increment(ref _sse4aInstructionsEmulated);
-        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _sse4aSoftwareFallbackAnnounced, 1) == 0)
-        {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                "[LOADER][INFO] Host lacks SSE4a EXTRQ/INSERTQ used by the guest; " +
-                "emulating those instructions in software.");
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // Maps an Iced XMM register to its byte offset in the Win64 CONTEXT record. Written as an
-    // explicit switch (rather than arithmetic on the Register enum) to match the style already
-    // used by TryGetGprSlot/TryGetGpr64Offset in DirectExecutionBackend.IllegalInstruction.cs.
-    private static bool TryGetXmmOffset(Register register, out int offset)
-    {
-        switch (register)
-        {
-            case Register.XMM0: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 0; return true;
-            case Register.XMM1: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 1; return true;
-            case Register.XMM2: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 2; return true;
-            case Register.XMM3: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 3; return true;
-            case Register.XMM4: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 4; return true;
-            case Register.XMM5: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 5; return true;
-            case Register.XMM6: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 6; return true;
-            case Register.XMM7: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 7; return true;
-            case Register.XMM8: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 8; return true;
-            case Register.XMM9: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 9; return true;
-            case Register.XMM10: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 10; return true;
-            case Register.XMM11: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 11; return true;
-            case Register.XMM12: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 12; return true;
-            case Register.XMM13: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 13; return true;
-            case Register.XMM14: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 14; return true;
-            case Register.XMM15: offset = Win64ContextXmm0Offset + 16 * 15; return true;
-            default:
-                offset = 0;
-                return false;
-        }
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Exceptions.cs

@@ -133,11 +133,6 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			{
 				return -1;
 			}
-			if (exceptionCode == StatusIllegalInstruction &&
-				TryRecoverAmdCompatInstruction(contextRecord, rip))
-			{
-				return -1;
-			}
 			if (IsBenignHostDebugException(exceptionCode))
 			{
 				return -1;

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Imports.cs

@@ -530,12 +530,9 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			{
 				GuestThreadExecution.RestoreImportCallFrame(previousImportCallFrame);
 			}
-			if (Volatile.Read(ref _pendingGuestExceptionCount) != 0)
+			DeliverPendingGuestExceptionAtSafePoint(
-			{
+				cpuContext,
-				DeliverPendingGuestExceptionAtSafePoint(
+				CaptureImportBoundaryContinuation(cpuContext, argPackPtr, num7));
-					cpuContext,
-					CaptureImportBoundaryContinuation(cpuContext, argPackPtr, num7));
-			}
 			StoreImportVectorReturn(cpuContext, argPackPtr);
 			if (dispatchResolved &&
 				orbisGen2Result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK &&
@@ -1329,12 +1326,9 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 				GuestThreadExecution.RestoreImportCallFrame(previousImportCallFrame);
 			}
 		}
-		if (Volatile.Read(ref _pendingGuestExceptionCount) != 0)
+		DeliverPendingGuestExceptionAtSafePoint(
-		{
+			cpuContext,
-			DeliverPendingGuestExceptionAtSafePoint(
+			CaptureImportBoundaryContinuation(cpuContext, argPackPtr, returnRip));
-				cpuContext,
-				CaptureImportBoundaryContinuation(cpuContext, argPackPtr, returnRip));
-		}
 		StoreImportVectorReturn(cpuContext, argPackPtr);
 
 		if (returnValue != (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
@@ -1416,8 +1410,6 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"eE4Szl8sil8" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBuffer
 			"qvMUCyyaCSI" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBufferAndGetId
 			"Q2V+iqvjgC0" or // vsnprintf
-			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" or // strcasecmp
-			"viiwFMaNamA" or // strstr
 			"q1cHNfGycLI" or // scePadRead
 			"xk0AcarP3V4" or // scePadOpen
 			"yH17Q6NWtVg" or // sceUserServiceGetEvent
@@ -1444,9 +1436,6 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 		var expectedMutexTrylockBusy =
 			string.Equals(nid, "K-jXhbt2gn4", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
 			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
-		var expectedSemaphoreTrywaitAgain =
-			string.Equals(nid, "H2a+IN9TP0E", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
-			result == OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN;
 		var expectedNetAcceptWouldBlock =
 			string.Equals(nid, "PIWqhn9oSxc", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
 			resultValue == unchecked((int)0x80410123);
@@ -1460,7 +1449,6 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			!expectedTimedWaitTimeout &&
 			!expectedEqueueTimeout &&
 			!expectedMutexTrylockBusy &&
-			!expectedSemaphoreTrywaitAgain &&
 			!expectedNetAcceptWouldBlock &&
 			!expectedUserServiceNoEvent &&
 			!expectedPrivacyInvalidParameter)
@@ -1583,8 +1571,6 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"WkkeywLJcgU" or // wcslen
 			"Ovb2dSJOAuE" or // strcmp
 			"aesyjrHVWy4" or // strncmp
-			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" or // strcasecmp
-			"viiwFMaNamA" or // strstr
 			"pNtJdE3x49E" or // wcscmp
 			"fV2xHER+bKE" or // wcscoll
 			"E8wCoUEbfzk" or // wcsncmp

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.cs

@@ -712,11 +712,6 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 
 	private readonly Dictionary<ulong, PendingGuestException> _pendingGuestExceptions = new Dictionary<ulong, PendingGuestException>();
 
-	// Import dispatch is the hottest managed path in UE titles. Most imports do
-	// not have an exception queued, so publish the dictionary population and let
-	// safe points skip _guestThreadGate entirely in the common case.
-	private int _pendingGuestExceptionCount;
-
 	private readonly HashSet<ulong> _activeGuestExceptionDeliveries = new HashSet<ulong>();
 
 	private int _guestThreadPumpDepth;
@@ -1296,12 +1291,6 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 
 	private unsafe bool TryCreateNativeImportIntrinsic(string nid, out nint address)
 	{
-		if (IsHlePreferredNid(nid))
-		{
-			address = 0;
-			return false;
-		}
-
 		if (nid == "1jfXLRVzisc" &&
 			string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_USLEEP"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
 		{
@@ -1413,54 +1402,6 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				0x75, 0xE7,
 				0xC3,
 			],
-			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" =>
-			[
-				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x07,
-				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x16,
-				0x8D, 0x48, 0xBF,
-				0x83, 0xF9, 0x19,
-				0x77, 0x03,
-				0x83, 0xC0, 0x20,
-				0x8D, 0x4A, 0xBF,
-				0x83, 0xF9, 0x19,
-				0x77, 0x03,
-				0x83, 0xC2, 0x20,
-				0x29, 0xD0,
-				0x75, 0x0C,
-				0x85, 0xD2,
-				0x74, 0x08,
-				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC7,
-				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC6,
-				0xEB, 0xD4,
-				0xC3,
-			],
-			"viiwFMaNamA" =>
-			[
-				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x16,
-				0x84, 0xD2,
-				0x74, 0x2D,
-				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x07,
-				0x84, 0xC0,
-				0x74, 0x2A,
-				0x38, 0xD0,
-				0x75, 0x1D,
-				0x4C, 0x8D, 0x47, 0x01,
-				0x4C, 0x8D, 0x4E, 0x01,
-				0x41, 0x0F, 0xB6, 0x09,
-				0x84, 0xC9,
-				0x74, 0x12,
-				0x41, 0x38, 0x08,
-				0x75, 0x08,
-				0x49, 0xFF, 0xC0,
-				0x49, 0xFF, 0xC1,
-				0xEB, 0xEB,
-				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC7,
-				0xEB, 0xD3,
-				0x48, 0x89, 0xF8,
-				0xC3,
-				0x31, 0xC0,
-				0xC3,
-			],
 			"pNtJdE3x49E" or "fV2xHER+bKE" =>
 			[
 				0x0F, 0xB7, 0x07,
@@ -1525,14 +1466,8 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 			"Q3VBxCXhUHs" =>
 			[
 				0x48, 0x89, 0xF8,
-				0x48, 0x85, 0xD2,
+				0x48, 0x89, 0xD1,
-				0x74, 0x11,
+				0xF3, 0xA4,
-				0x44, 0x8A, 0x06,
-				0x44, 0x88, 0x07,
-				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC6,
-				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC7,
-				0x48, 0xFF, 0xCA,
-				0x75, 0xEF,
 				0xC3,
 			],
 			"8zTFvBIAIN8" =>
@@ -1666,8 +1601,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 
 	private static bool IsHlePreferredNid(string nid)
 	{
-		return string.Equals(nid, "QrZZdJ8XsX0", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+		return string.Equals(nid, "QrZZdJ8XsX0", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-			string.Equals(nid, "Q3VBxCXhUHs", StringComparison.Ordinal);
 	}
 
 	private static bool IsLibcLibrary(string libraryName)
@@ -2607,22 +2541,28 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 
 	private unsafe bool TryPatchSse4aExtrqBlend(nint address, byte* source)
 	{
-		// Rosetta does not implement AMD SSE4a EXTRQ. Recognize the compiler's
+		// Rosetta does not implement AMD SSE4a EXTRQ. This exact sequence masks
-		// EXTRQ+blend idiom (against whichever xmm0-xmm7 it allocated) and rewrite
+		// xmm2 to its low 40 bits, then copies the resulting second dword into
-		// it into an equivalent SSE4.1 sequence. Match/encode is isolated in
+		// xmm0. PEXTRB/PINSRD provides the same observable result in 12 bytes:
-		// Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch so it can be unit-tested; here we only patch bytes.
+		// extract source byte 4 and insert the zero-extended value into lane 1.
-		var window = new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(source, Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch.SequenceLength);
+		ReadOnlySpan<byte> pattern =
-		if (!Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch.TryMatch(window, out var destRegister, out var srcRegister))
+		[
+			0x66, 0x0F, 0x78, 0xC2, 0x28, 0x00,
+			0xC4, 0xE3, 0x79, 0x02, 0xC2, 0x02,
+		];
+		for (var i = 0; i < pattern.Length; i++)
 		{
-			return false;
+			if (source[i] != pattern[i])
-		}
+			{
-
+				return false;
-		Span<byte> replacement = stackalloc byte[Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch.SequenceLength];
+			}
-		if (!Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch.TryEncode(destRegister, srcRegister, replacement))
-		{
-			return false;
 		}
 
+		ReadOnlySpan<byte> replacement =
+		[
+			0x66, 0x0F, 0x3A, 0x14, 0xD0, 0x04,
+			0x66, 0x0F, 0x3A, 0x22, 0xC0, 0x01,
+		];
 		uint oldProtect = 0;
 		if (!VirtualProtect((void*)address, (nuint)replacement.Length, 64u, &oldProtect))
 		{
@@ -3953,10 +3893,10 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 					// unwinding. Unity can begin its next stop-the-world cycle in
 					// that window; treating the new raise as part of the old delivery
 					// strands the collector waiting for an acknowledgement.
-					QueuePendingGuestExceptionLocked(threadHandle, new PendingGuestException(
+					_pendingGuestExceptions[threadHandle] = new PendingGuestException(
 						handler,
 						exceptionType,
-						external.ExceptionStackBase));
+						external.ExceptionStackBase);
 					return true;
 				}
 
@@ -3965,10 +3905,10 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				// managed thread corrupts the worker's control state. Queue the
 				// request and let that exact executor consume it at its next HLE
 				// boundary, where the original guest thread is safely paused.
-				QueuePendingGuestExceptionLocked(threadHandle, new PendingGuestException(
+				_pendingGuestExceptions[threadHandle] = new PendingGuestException(
 					handler,
 					exceptionType,
-					external.ExceptionStackBase));
+					external.ExceptionStackBase);
 				if (logGuestExceptions)
 				{
 					Console.Error.WriteLine(
@@ -4013,17 +3953,17 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				}
 				if (target.ExceptionDeliveryActive)
 				{
-					QueuePendingGuestExceptionLocked(threadHandle, new PendingGuestException(
+					_pendingGuestExceptions[threadHandle] = new PendingGuestException(
 						handler,
 						exceptionType,
-						exceptionStackBase));
+						exceptionStackBase);
 					return true;
 				}
 
-				QueuePendingGuestExceptionLocked(threadHandle, new PendingGuestException(
+				_pendingGuestExceptions[threadHandle] = new PendingGuestException(
 					handler,
 					exceptionType,
-					exceptionStackBase));
+					exceptionStackBase);
 				if (logGuestExceptions)
 				{
 					Console.Error.WriteLine(
@@ -4184,7 +4124,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 					RestoreInterruptedGuestThread();
 					if (target.State == GuestThreadRunState.Blocked &&
 						!target.ExecutorActive &&
-						TryRemovePendingGuestExceptionLocked(threadHandle, out var queued))
+						_pendingGuestExceptions.Remove(threadHandle, out var queued))
 					{
 						followUp = queued;
 					}
@@ -4270,11 +4210,6 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 		CpuContext currentContext,
 		GuestCpuContinuation interruptedContinuation)
 	{
-		if (Volatile.Read(ref _pendingGuestExceptionCount) == 0)
-		{
-			return;
-		}
-
 		var threadHandle = GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle;
 		if (threadHandle == 0)
 		{
@@ -4288,7 +4223,7 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				return;
 			}
 
-			if (!TryRemovePendingGuestExceptionLocked(threadHandle, out pending))
+			if (!_pendingGuestExceptions.Remove(threadHandle, out pending))
 			{
 				return;
 			}
@@ -4350,27 +4285,6 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 		}
 	}
 
-	private void QueuePendingGuestExceptionLocked(
-		ulong threadHandle,
-		PendingGuestException pending)
-	{
-		_pendingGuestExceptions[threadHandle] = pending;
-		Volatile.Write(ref _pendingGuestExceptionCount, _pendingGuestExceptions.Count);
-	}
-
-	private bool TryRemovePendingGuestExceptionLocked(
-		ulong threadHandle,
-		out PendingGuestException pending)
-	{
-		if (!_pendingGuestExceptions.Remove(threadHandle, out pending))
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		Volatile.Write(ref _pendingGuestExceptionCount, _pendingGuestExceptions.Count);
-		return true;
-	}
-
 	private static bool TryWriteGuestExceptionContext(
 		CpuContext context,
 		ulong address,
@@ -4465,7 +4379,6 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 			_guestThreads.Clear();
 			_externalGuestThreads.Clear();
 			_pendingGuestExceptions.Clear();
-			Volatile.Write(ref _pendingGuestExceptionCount, 0);
 			_activeGuestExceptionDeliveries.Clear();
 		}
 

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/JitStubs.cs

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ public static unsafe class JitStubs
         var pattern = TlsAccessPattern;
         var end = start + length - pattern.Length;
 
-        for (var ptr = start; ptr <= end; ptr++)
+        for (var ptr = start; ptr < end; ptr++)
         {
             if (MatchesPattern(ptr, pattern))
             {

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch.cs

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Core.Cpu.Native;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Recognizes Sony's AMD-only SSE4a EXTRQ+blend idiom and rewrites it into an
-/// equivalent SSE4.1 sequence. SharpEmu executes guest x86-64 natively, but
-/// Rosetta 2 and Intel hosts do not implement SSE4a, so the original opcode
-/// raises #UD -> SIGILL. The compiler emits the idiom against whichever XMM
-/// register it happens to allocate (Dead Cells uses xmm1, others xmm2), so the
-/// source register is read from the ModRM r/m field rather than hard-coded.
-///
-/// The match/encode logic is deliberately free of native page-patching so it
-/// can be unit-tested against handcrafted byte sequences.
-/// </summary>
-public static class Sse4aExtrqBlendPatch
-{
-    /// <summary>Length in bytes of both the matched idiom and its replacement.</summary>
-    public const int SequenceLength = 12;
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Matches the 12-byte idiom, extracting the destination register D and the
-    /// source (scratch) register N:
-    /// <code>
-    ///   EXTRQ    xmmN, 0x28, 0x00     ; 66 0F 78 /0 28 00      mask xmmN to low 40 bits
-    ///   VPBLENDD xmmD, xmmD, xmmN, 2  ; C4 E3 vvvv 02 /r 02    copy dword 1 into xmmD
-    /// </code>
-    /// N lives in the ModRM r/m field of both instructions; D (the blend
-    /// destination and src1) lives in the VPBLENDD ModRM reg field and VEX.vvvv.
-    /// Both are xmm0-xmm7 (the VEX byte1 0xE3 pins R/X/B, so no xmm8-15 extension).
-    /// The compiler allocates whichever registers it likes — Dead Cells builds use
-    /// D=xmm0 and D=xmm3, others differ — so both are read from the encoding.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static bool TryMatch(ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, out int destRegister, out int srcRegister)
-    {
-        destRegister = -1;
-        srcRegister = -1;
-        if (source.Length < SequenceLength)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // EXTRQ xmmN, 0x28, 0x00 : 66 0F 78, ModRM (mod=11 reg=000 rm=N), 28, 00.
-        if (source[0] != 0x66 || source[1] != 0x0F || source[2] != 0x78 ||
-            (source[3] & 0xF8) != 0xC0 || source[4] != 0x28 || source[5] != 0x00)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var n = source[3] & 0x07;
-
-        // VPBLENDD xmmD, xmmD, xmmN, 2 : C4 E3 <W=0 vvvv=~D L=0 pp=01> 02 ModRM 02.
-        // VEX.byte2 fixed bits (W, L, pp) must read 0b*0000*01; vvvv encodes ~D.
-        if (source[6] != 0xC4 || source[7] != 0xE3 || (source[8] & 0x87) != 0x01 ||
-            source[9] != 0x02 || source[11] != 0x02)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var d = (~(source[8] >> 3)) & 0x0F;
-        if (d > 7)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // ModRM: mod=11, reg=D (dest = src1), rm=N (src2 = the masked register).
-        if (source[10] != (0xC0 | (d << 3) | n))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        destRegister = d;
-        srcRegister = n;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Writes the SSE4.1 equivalent into <paramref name="destination"/>:
-    /// <code>
-    ///   PEXTRB eax, xmmN, 4  ; 66 0F 3A 14 /r 04   extract byte 4 (zero-extended)
-    ///   PINSRD xmmD, eax, 1  ; 66 0F 3A 22 /r 01   insert into xmmD dword lane 1
-    /// </code>
-    /// After EXTRQ masks xmmN to its low 40 bits, dword 1 is just byte 4
-    /// zero-extended, so the two-instruction extract/insert reproduces the exact
-    /// observable result the AMD idiom left in xmmD. eax is a caller-dead scratch
-    /// at every site the compiler emits this idiom.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static bool TryEncode(int destRegister, int srcRegister, Span<byte> destination)
-    {
-        if ((uint)destRegister > 7 || (uint)srcRegister > 7 || destination.Length < SequenceLength)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // PEXTRB eax, xmmN, 4 : ModRM (mod=11 reg=N rm=000 -> eax), imm8 = byte index 4.
-        destination[0] = 0x66;
-        destination[1] = 0x0F;
-        destination[2] = 0x3A;
-        destination[3] = 0x14;
-        destination[4] = (byte)(0xC0 | (srcRegister << 3));
-        destination[5] = 0x04;
-
-        // PINSRD xmmD, eax, 1 : ModRM (mod=11 reg=D -> xmmD, rm=000 -> eax), lane 1.
-        destination[6] = 0x66;
-        destination[7] = 0x0F;
-        destination[8] = 0x3A;
-        destination[9] = 0x22;
-        destination[10] = (byte)(0xC0 | (destRegister << 3));
-        destination[11] = 0x01;
-        return true;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/TrackedCpuMemory.cs

@@ -40,9 +40,6 @@ public sealed class TrackedCpuMemory : ICpuMemory, ITrackedCpuMemory, IGuestMemo
         return result;
     }
 
-    public bool TryCopy(ulong destinationAddress, ulong sourceAddress, ulong length) =>
-        _inner.TryCopy(destinationAddress, sourceAddress, length);
-
     public bool TryAllocateGuestMemory(ulong size, ulong alignment, out ulong address)
     {
         if (_inner is IGuestMemoryAllocator allocator)

src/SharpEmu.Core/Memory/PhysicalVirtualMemory.cs

@@ -20,11 +20,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
     private readonly Dictionary<(ulong DesiredAddress, ulong Alignment, bool Executable), ulong> _allocationSearchHints = new();
     private readonly Dictionary<ulong, ProgramHeaderFlags> _pageProtections = new();
     private bool _disposed;
-
-    [ThreadStatic]
-    private static CommittedRangeCache? _committedRangeCache;
-
-    private long _mappingGeneration;
     private const ulong PageSize = 0x1000;
     private const ulong GuestAllocationArenaAddress = 0x00006000_0000_0000;
     private const ulong GuestAllocationArenaSize = 0x0100_0000;
@@ -33,77 +28,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
     private const ulong FullCommitRegionLimit = 4UL << 30;
     private const ulong DefaultLazyReservePrimeBytes = 0x0400_0000UL; // 64 MiB
     private const ulong LazyReservePrimeChunkBytes = 0x0200_0000UL; // 32 MiB
-    private const int CommittedRangeCacheCapacity = 4;
-
-    private sealed class CommittedRangeCache
-    {
-        private readonly CommittedRange[] _ranges = new CommittedRange[CommittedRangeCacheCapacity];
-        private PhysicalVirtualMemory? _owner;
-        private long _generation;
-        private int _count;
-        private int _nextReplacement;
-
-        public bool Contains(
-            PhysicalVirtualMemory owner,
-            long generation,
-            ulong start,
-            ulong end)
-        {
-            if (!ReferenceEquals(_owner, owner) || _generation != generation)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            for (var index = 0; index < _count; index++)
-            {
-                var range = _ranges[index];
-                if (start >= range.Start && end <= range.End)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        public void Add(
-            PhysicalVirtualMemory owner,
-            long generation,
-            ulong start,
-            ulong end)
-        {
-            if (!ReferenceEquals(_owner, owner) || _generation != generation)
-            {
-                _owner = owner;
-                _generation = generation;
-                _count = 0;
-                _nextReplacement = 0;
-            }
-
-            for (var index = 0; index < _count; index++)
-            {
-                var range = _ranges[index];
-                if (start <= range.End && end >= range.Start)
-                {
-                    _ranges[index] = new CommittedRange(
-                        Math.Min(start, range.Start),
-                        Math.Max(end, range.End));
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (_count < _ranges.Length)
-            {
-                _ranges[_count++] = new CommittedRange(start, end);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            _ranges[_nextReplacement] = new CommittedRange(start, end);
-            _nextReplacement = (_nextReplacement + 1) % _ranges.Length;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private readonly record struct CommittedRange(ulong Start, ulong End);
 
     // Raw Windows PAGE_* values retained for the internal region/protection
     // bookkeeping: regions and saved old-protection values always carry the raw
@@ -425,87 +349,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         return actualAddress;
     }
 
-    public bool TryBackFixedRange(ulong address, ulong size, bool executable)
-    {
-        if (size == 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var start = AlignDown(address, PageSize);
-        var end = AlignUp(address + size, PageSize);
-        if (end <= start)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var hostProtection = executable ? HostPageProtection.ReadWriteExecute : HostPageProtection.ReadWrite;
-
-        // Walk the range page-run by page-run. VirtualQuery reports the largest run
-        // of same-state pages from the queried address, so a single query advances
-        // us over whole free or occupied stretches. Only free stretches get backed;
-        // stretches already reserved or committed by another allocation are left as
-        // they are, which is exactly what a fixed mapping does on hardware.
-        var cursor = start;
-        var backedAny = false;
-        while (cursor < end)
-        {
-            if (!_hostMemory.Query(cursor, out var info))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var queriedEnd = info.RegionSize > ulong.MaxValue - info.BaseAddress
-                ? ulong.MaxValue
-                : info.BaseAddress + info.RegionSize;
-            var runEnd = Math.Min(end, queriedEnd);
-            if (runEnd <= cursor)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (info.State == HostRegionState.Free)
-            {
-                var runSize = runEnd - cursor;
-                var allocated = _hostMemory.Allocate(cursor, runSize, hostProtection);
-                if (allocated != cursor)
-                {
-                    if (allocated != 0)
-                    {
-                        _hostMemory.Free(allocated);
-                    }
-
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                var protection = executable ? PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE : PAGE_READWRITE;
-                _gate.EnterWriteLock();
-                try
-                {
-                    InsertRegionSorted(new MemoryRegion
-                    {
-                        VirtualAddress = cursor,
-                        Size = runSize,
-                        IsExecutable = executable,
-                        IsReservedOnly = false,
-                        Protection = protection
-                    });
-                }
-                finally
-                {
-                    _gate.ExitWriteLock();
-                }
-
-                TraceVmem($"Backed fixed range gap: 0x{cursor:X16} - 0x{runEnd:X16} ({runSize} bytes)");
-                backedAny = true;
-            }
-
-            cursor = runEnd;
-        }
-
-        return backedAny;
-    }
-
     public bool TryAllocateAtOrAbove(
         ulong desiredAddress,
         ulong size,
@@ -597,7 +440,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
             _gate.ExitWriteLock();
         }
 
-        Interlocked.Increment(ref _mappingGeneration);
         _hostMemory.Free(address);
     }
 
@@ -769,7 +611,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 {
                     _allocationSearchHints.Clear();
                 }
-                Interlocked.Increment(ref _mappingGeneration);
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -1032,15 +873,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
     public bool TryWrite(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
     {
-        // A managed write into a page the guest-image write tracker has
-        // protected surfaces as a fatal AccessViolation — the runtime turns
-        // SIGSEGV in managed code into an exception before the resumable
-        // signal bridge can restore access (native guest stores recover
-        // there). Pre-visit the span so tracked pages are unprotected and
-        // their owners dirtied before the copy; guest addresses are
-        // host-identical, matching the tracker's fault addresses.
-        GuestImageWriteTracker.NotifyManagedWrite(virtualAddress, (ulong)source.Length);
-
         var requiresExclusiveAccess = false;
         _gate.EnterReadLock();
         try
@@ -1078,7 +910,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                         Buffer.MemoryCopy(srcPtr, destPtr, (nuint)source.Length, (nuint)source.Length);
                     }
 
-                    NotifyGuestWriteWatch(virtualAddress, source);
                     return true;
                 }
             }
@@ -1104,68 +935,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
         }
     }
 
-    private static void NotifyGuestWriteWatch(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
-    {
-        if (GuestWriteWatch.Armed)
-        {
-            GuestWriteWatch.Check(virtualAddress, source);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public bool TryCopy(ulong destinationAddress, ulong sourceAddress, ulong length)
-    {
-        if (length == 0)
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (length > int.MaxValue)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Match TryWrite's managed-write notification before touching an
-        // identity-mapped guest page protected by the image tracker.
-        GuestImageWriteTracker.NotifyManagedWrite(destinationAddress, length);
-
-        _gate.EnterReadLock();
-        try
-        {
-            var sourceRegion = FindRegion(sourceAddress, length);
-            var destinationRegion = FindRegion(destinationAddress, length);
-            if (sourceRegion is null || destinationRegion is null ||
-                !TryResolveRegionOffset(sourceAddress, length, sourceRegion, out var sourceOffset) ||
-                !TryResolveRegionOffset(destinationAddress, length, destinationRegion, out var destinationOffset))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var sourcePointer = sourceRegion.VirtualAddress + sourceOffset;
-            var destinationPointer = destinationRegion.VirtualAddress + destinationOffset;
-            if ((sourceRegion.IsReservedOnly &&
-                 !EnsureRangeCommitted(sourcePointer, length, sourceRegion)) ||
-                (destinationRegion.IsReservedOnly &&
-                 !EnsureRangeCommitted(destinationPointer, length, destinationRegion)) ||
-                !CanReadWithoutProtectionChange(sourcePointer, length, sourceRegion) ||
-                !CanWriteWithoutProtectionChange(destinationPointer, length, destinationRegion))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // Span.CopyTo has memmove overlap semantics, so this allocation-free
-            // path safely serves both libc memcpy and libc memmove.
-            new ReadOnlySpan<byte>((void*)sourcePointer, checked((int)length)).CopyTo(
-                new Span<byte>((void*)destinationPointer, checked((int)length)));
-            NotifyGuestWriteWatch(
-                destinationAddress,
-                new ReadOnlySpan<byte>((void*)destinationPointer, checked((int)length)));
-            return true;
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            _gate.ExitReadLock();
-        }
-    }
-
     private bool TryReadExclusive(ulong virtualAddress, Span<byte> destination)
     {
         var region = FindRegion(virtualAddress, (ulong)destination.Length);
@@ -1238,7 +1007,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                     Buffer.MemoryCopy(srcPtr, destPtr, (nuint)source.Length, (nuint)source.Length);
                 }
 
-                NotifyGuestWriteWatch(virtualAddress, source);
                 return true;
             }
 
@@ -1263,7 +1031,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 }
             }
 
-            NotifyGuestWriteWatch(virtualAddress, source);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -1505,12 +1272,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
         var startPage = AlignDown(address, PageSize);
         var endPage = AlignUp(address + size, PageSize);
-        var mappingGeneration = Volatile.Read(ref _mappingGeneration);
-        var committedRangeCache = _committedRangeCache ??= new CommittedRangeCache();
-        if (committedRangeCache.Contains(this, mappingGeneration, startPage, endPage))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
         var commitProtection = GetCommitProtection(region);
 
         var pageAddress = startPage;
@@ -1532,9 +1293,6 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
 
             if (info.State == HostRegionState.Committed)
             {
-                // The host query proved this whole range is committed. Retain
-                // that result instead of caching only the caller's small span.
-                CacheCommittedRange(info.BaseAddress, queriedEnd, mappingGeneration);
                 pageAddress = rangeEnd;
                 continue;
             }
@@ -1550,23 +1308,12 @@ public sealed unsafe class PhysicalVirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory, IGuestMemoryA
                 return false;
             }
 
-            CacheCommittedRange(pageAddress, rangeEnd, mappingGeneration);
             pageAddress = rangeEnd;
         }
 
-        CacheCommittedRange(startPage, endPage, mappingGeneration);
         return true;
     }
 
-    private void CacheCommittedRange(ulong startPage, ulong endPage, long mappingGeneration)
-    {
-        (_committedRangeCache ??= new CommittedRangeCache()).Add(
-            this,
-            mappingGeneration,
-            startPage,
-            endPage);
-    }
-
     private bool TryTemporarilyProtectForRead(
         ulong address,
         ulong size,

src/SharpEmu.Core/Memory/VirtualMemory.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
-using SharpEmu.HLE;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
 
@@ -94,14 +93,8 @@ public sealed class VirtualMemory : IVirtualMemory
             }
 
             CopyToRegions(virtualAddress, source, regionIndex);
+            return true;
         }
-
-        if (GuestWriteWatch.Armed)
-        {
-            GuestWriteWatch.Check(virtualAddress, source);
-        }
-
-        return true;
     }
 
     private bool TryValidateRange(

src/SharpEmu.GUI/EmulatorProcess.cs

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ internal sealed class EmulatorProcess : IDisposable
                 {
                     Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(MitigatedChildEnvironment, "1");
                     if (!CreateProcessW(
-                            null,
+                            exePath,
                             commandLine,
                             0,
                             0,
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ internal sealed class EmulatorProcess : IDisposable
 
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateProcessW", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
     [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
-    private static extern bool CreateProcessW(string? applicationName, StringBuilder commandLine, nint processAttributes, nint threadAttributes, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool inheritHandles, uint flags, nint environment, string currentDirectory, ref StartupInfoEx startupInfo, out ProcessInformation processInformation);
+    private static extern bool CreateProcessW(string applicationName, StringBuilder commandLine, nint processAttributes, nint threadAttributes, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool inheritHandles, uint flags, nint environment, string currentDirectory, ref StartupInfoEx startupInfo, out ProcessInformation processInformation);
 
     [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
     private static extern uint WaitForSingleObject(nint handle, uint milliseconds);

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GameSurfaceHost.cs

@@ -351,13 +351,6 @@ public sealed class GameSurfaceHost : NativeControlHost
         var width = Math.Max(1, (int)Math.Round(Bounds.Width * renderScale));
         var height = Math.Max(1, (int)Math.Round(Bounds.Height * renderScale));
         var sizeChanged = _surface.PixelWidth != width || _surface.PixelHeight != height;
-        if (Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_TRACE_SURFACE_SIZE") == "1")
-        {
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                $"[GUI][TRACE] GameSurfaceHost.UpdateSurfaceSize bounds={Bounds.Width}x{Bounds.Height} " +
-                $"scale={renderScale} computed={width}x{height} changed={sizeChanged} " +
-                $"prevSurface={_surface.PixelWidth}x{_surface.PixelHeight}");
-        }
         _surface.UpdatePixelSize(width, height);
 
         if (!sizeChanged)

src/SharpEmu.GUI/GuiSettings.cs

@@ -53,9 +53,6 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
     /// <summary>Names of SHARPEMU_* switches set to "1" in the emulator's environment at launch.</summary>
     public List<string> EnvironmentToggles { get; set; } = new();
 
-    /// <summary>Internal render resolution scale (1.0 = native, 0.5 = half).</summary>
-    public double RenderResolutionScale { get; set; } = 1.0;
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Discord application ID used for Rich Presence; the default is the
     /// SharpEmu application. Override to rebrand what Discord shows as
@@ -74,7 +71,7 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
             if (File.Exists(SettingsPath))
             {
                 var json = File.ReadAllText(SettingsPath);
-                return NormalizeFromJson(json);
+                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<GuiSettings>(json, SerializerOptions) ?? new GuiSettings();
             }
         }
         catch (Exception)
@@ -85,39 +82,6 @@ public sealed class GuiSettings
         return new GuiSettings();
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Deserializes settings and normalizes null references and null or empty list
-    /// entries introduced by JSON. Empty scalar strings remain unchanged.
-    /// </summary>
-    internal static GuiSettings NormalizeFromJson(string json)
-    {
-        var settings = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<GuiSettings>(json, SerializerOptions) ?? new GuiSettings();
-
-        settings.GameFolders = FilterNullOrEmpty(settings.GameFolders);
-        settings.ExcludedGames = FilterNullOrEmpty(settings.ExcludedGames);
-        settings.EnvironmentToggles = FilterNullOrEmpty(settings.EnvironmentToggles);
-        settings.LogLevel ??= "Info";
-        settings.Language ??= "en";
-        settings.DiscordClientId ??= "1525606762248540221";
-        if (settings.RenderResolutionScale <= 0 || settings.RenderResolutionScale > 2.0)
-        {
-            settings.RenderResolutionScale = 1.0;
-        }
-
-        return settings;
-    }
-
-    // JSON can populate non-nullable lists with null references and entries.
-    private static List<string> FilterNullOrEmpty(List<string>? source)
-    {
-        if (source is null)
-        {
-            return [];
-        }
-
-        return source.Where(entry => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(entry)).ToList();
-    }
-
     public void Save()
     {
         try

src/SharpEmu.GUI/MainWindow.axaml

@@ -400,29 +400,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
                 </StackPanel>
               </ScrollViewer>
             </TabItem>
-            <TabItem x:Name="GraphicsTabItem" Header="Graphics" FontSize="15">
-              <ScrollViewer>
-                <StackPanel Margin="0,14,0,16" Spacing="16" MaxWidth="1280" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
-
-                  <Border Classes="card">
-                    <StackPanel Spacing="14">
-                      <TextBlock x:Name="RenderingSectionTitle" Classes="sectionTitle" Text="RENDERING" />
-
-                      <local:SettingRow x:Name="RenderResolutionRow" Label="Internal resolution"
-                                        Description="Render offscreen targets below native resolution and upscale on present. Lower values trade image quality for GPU headroom; takes effect on next launch.">
-                        <ComboBox x:Name="RenderResolutionBox" Width="160" SelectedIndex="0"
-                                  VerticalAlignment="Center" CornerRadius="8">
-                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="RenderResolution100Item" Content="100% (native)" Tag="1.0" />
-                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="RenderResolution75Item" Content="75%" Tag="0.75" />
-                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="RenderResolution50Item" Content="50%" Tag="0.5" />
-                          <ComboBoxItem x:Name="RenderResolution25Item" Content="25%" Tag="0.25" />
-                        </ComboBox>
-                      </local:SettingRow>
-                    </StackPanel>
-                  </Border>
-                </StackPanel>
-              </ScrollViewer>
-            </TabItem>
             <TabItem x:Name="EnvTabItem" Header="Environment" FontSize="15">
               <ScrollViewer>
                 <StackPanel Margin="0,14,0,16" Spacing="16" MaxWidth="1280" HorizontalAlignment="Left">

src/SharpEmu.GUI/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -92,11 +92,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     // plain window color remains the fallback when the asset fails to load.
     private Bitmap? _defaultBackdrop;
 
-    // Whether the native loading/closing popup should be showing; it is a
-    // desktop-topmost popup, so it closes while the launcher is in the
-    // background or minimized and reopens from this flag on activation.
-    private bool _sessionLoadingActive;
-
     // Controller navigation state.
     private readonly DispatcherTimer _gamepadTimer;
     private HostGamepadButtons _previousPadButtons;
@@ -155,18 +150,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         };
         _libraryBlurTimer.Tick += (_, _) => AdvanceLibraryBlur();
 
-        // Native popups float above every window on the desktop; they must
+        Activated += (_, _) => UpdateSessionBarVisibility();
-        // follow the launcher into the background or a minimized state.
+        Deactivated += (_, _) => SessionBarPopup.IsOpen = false;
-        Activated += (_, _) =>
-        {
-            UpdateSessionBarVisibility();
-            SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = _sessionLoadingActive;
-        };
-        Deactivated += (_, _) =>
-        {
-            SessionBarPopup.IsOpen = false;
-            SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = false;
-        };
 
         TitleBar.PointerPressed += OnTitleBarPointerPressed;
         GameList.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => UpdateSelectedGame();
@@ -192,18 +177,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         // it is open already uses the new values.
         LogLevelBox.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => _settings.LogLevel = SelectedLogLevel();
         TraceImportsBox.ValueChanged += (_, _) => _settings.ImportTraceLimit = (int)(TraceImportsBox.Value ?? 0);
-        RenderResolutionBox.SelectionChanged += (_, _) =>
-        {
-            if (RenderResolutionBox.SelectedItem is ComboBoxItem { Tag: string tag } &&
-                double.TryParse(
-                    tag,
-                    System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Float,
-                    System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
-                    out var scale))
-            {
-                _settings.RenderResolutionScale = scale;
-            }
-        };
         StrictToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => _settings.StrictDynlibResolution = StrictToggle.IsChecked == true;
         LogToFileToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) => _settings.LogToFile = LogToFileToggle.IsChecked == true;
         OverrideLogFileToggle.IsCheckedChanged += (_, _) =>
@@ -441,15 +414,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             return;
         }
 
-        if (_isRunning || _isStopping)
-        {
-            // The game renders inside the launcher window, so the launcher
-            // stays active while playing. The controller belongs to the game
-            // then: no navigation, and Circle/B must never stop the session.
-            _previousPadButtons = pad.Buttons;
-            return;
-        }
-
         var shoulderPressed = pad.Buttons & ~_previousPadButtons;
         if ((shoulderPressed & HostGamepadButtons.L1) != 0)
         {
@@ -499,6 +463,11 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             LaunchSelected();
         }
 
+        if ((pressed & HostGamepadButtons.Circle) != 0)
+        {
+            StopEmulator();
+        }
+
         _previousPadButtons = pad.Buttons;
     }
 
@@ -881,13 +850,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             _ => 2,
         };
         TraceImportsBox.Value = Math.Clamp(_settings.ImportTraceLimit, 0, 4096);
-        RenderResolutionBox.SelectedIndex = _settings.RenderResolutionScale switch
-        {
-            >= 0.875 => 0,
-            >= 0.625 => 1,
-            >= 0.375 => 2,
-            _ => 3,
-        };
         StrictToggle.IsChecked = _settings.StrictDynlibResolution;
         LogToFileToggle.IsChecked = _settings.LogToFile;
         OverrideLogFileToggle.IsChecked = _settings.OverrideLogFile;
@@ -1664,23 +1626,13 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         base.OnPropertyChanged(change);
         if (change.Property == WindowStateProperty)
         {
-            // The XAML WindowState="Maximized" assignment raises this change
-            // during InitializeComponent, before named controls are wired up.
             if (WindowState == WindowState.Minimized)
             {
                 _sndPreview.Pause();
-                if (SessionLoadingPopup is { } popup)
-                {
-                    popup.IsOpen = false;
-                }
             }
             else
             {
                 _sndPreview.Resume();
-                if (SessionLoadingPopup is { } popup)
-                {
-                    popup.IsOpen = _sessionLoadingActive;
-                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1807,12 +1759,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
             _appliedEnvironmentVariables.Add(name);
         }
 
-        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(
-            "SHARPEMU_RENDER_SCALE",
-            _settings.RenderResolutionScale.ToString(
-                "0.###",
-                System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
-
         if (SharpEmuLog.TryParseLevel(effective.LogLevel, out var logLevel))
         {
             SharpEmuLog.MinimumLevel = logLevel;
@@ -2055,27 +2001,16 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
                 RestoreGameViewToFull();
                 GameView.Background = Brushes.Black;
                 GameView.IsHitTestVisible = true;
+                _gameSurfaceHost?.SetPresentationVisible(true);
+                _gameSurfaceHost?.SetCursorAutoHide(true);
                 LibraryPage.IsVisible = false;
                 OptionsPage.IsVisible = false;
                 LibraryToolbar.IsVisible = false;
                 ContentToolbar.IsVisible = false;
                 ConsolePanel.IsVisible = false;
                 LaunchBar.IsVisible = false;
-                HideSessionLoading();
+                SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = false;
                 UpdateSessionBarVisibility();
-
-                // Defer so the layout pass from the margin change above settles first.
-                Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
-                {
-                    if (!_isRunning || _isStopping)
-                    {
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    _gameSurfaceHost?.RefreshSurfaceSize();
-                    _gameSurfaceHost?.SetPresentationVisible(true);
-                    _gameSurfaceHost?.SetCursorAutoHide(true);
-                });
             }
         });
     }
@@ -2174,7 +2109,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         GameView.IsVisible = false;
         GameView.IsHitTestVisible = true;
         SessionBarPopup.IsOpen = false;
-        HideSessionLoading();
+        SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = false;
         AnimateLibraryBlur(0, clearWhenComplete: true);
         MainContent.Margin = new Thickness(32, 24, 32, 20);
         ContentToolbar.IsVisible = true;
@@ -2258,14 +2193,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     {
         SessionLoadingTitle.Text = title;
         SessionLoadingDetail.Text = detail;
-        _sessionLoadingActive = true;
+        SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = true;
-        SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = IsActive && WindowState != WindowState.Minimized;
-    }
-
-    private void HideSessionLoading()
-    {
-        _sessionLoadingActive = false;
-        SessionLoadingPopup.IsOpen = false;
     }
 
     private void ReturnToLibraryWhileStopping()

src/SharpEmu.GUI/PerGameSettings.cs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public sealed class PerGameSettings
             var path = PathFor(titleId);
             if (File.Exists(path))
             {
-                return NormalizeFromJson(File.ReadAllText(path));
+                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<PerGameSettings>(File.ReadAllText(path), SerializerOptions);
             }
         }
         catch (Exception)
@@ -59,18 +59,6 @@ public sealed class PerGameSettings
         return null;
     }
 
-    // A null list inherits global settings; only entries in a present list are sanitized.
-    internal static PerGameSettings? NormalizeFromJson(string json)
-    {
-        var settings = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<PerGameSettings>(json, SerializerOptions);
-        if (settings?.EnvironmentToggles is { } toggles)
-        {
-            settings.EnvironmentToggles = toggles.Where(entry => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(entry)).ToList();
-        }
-
-        return settings;
-    }
-
     public void Save(string titleId)
     {
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleId))

src/SharpEmu.GUI/SharpEmu.GUI.csproj

@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.Logging\SharpEmu.Logging.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="SharpEmu.Libs.Tests" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" />
     <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Desktop" />

src/SharpEmu.HLE/GuestImageWriteTracker.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
         public int Armed;
         public int FirstCpuWriteSeen;
         public int PendingFirstCpuWrite;
-        public long WriteGeneration;
         public bool TraceLifetime;
         public long SourceSequence;
         public long FirstCpuWriteTraceSequence;
@@ -52,33 +51,9 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
     private static readonly object _gate = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, TrackedRange> _rangesByAddress = new();
 
-    /// <summary>Immutable snapshot read lock-free from the signal handler and
+    // Snapshot array read lock-free from the signal handler; rebuilt on every
-    /// the managed-write pre-visit; rebuilt on every mutation under the gate
+    // mutation under the gate. Signal handlers must not take managed locks.
-    /// (signal handlers must not take managed locks). Carrying the overall
+    private static TrackedRange[] _rangeSnapshot = [];
-    /// bounds inside the same object keeps the hot-path intersection test
-    /// consistent with the array it guards.</summary>
-    private sealed class RangeSnapshot
-    {
-        public static readonly RangeSnapshot Empty = new([]);
-
-        public readonly TrackedRange[] Ranges;
-        public readonly ulong Start;
-        public readonly ulong End;
-
-        public RangeSnapshot(TrackedRange[] ranges)
-        {
-            Ranges = ranges;
-            Start = ulong.MaxValue;
-            End = 0;
-            foreach (var range in ranges)
-            {
-                Start = Math.Min(Start, range.Start);
-                End = Math.Max(End, range.End);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static RangeSnapshot _rangeSnapshot = RangeSnapshot.Empty;
 
     private static readonly bool _enabled = !OperatingSystem.IsWindows() &&
         Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_GUEST_IMAGE_CPU_SYNC") != "0";
@@ -156,21 +131,10 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
             {
                 // Never resize an object that is still reachable from the
                 // signal handler's lock-free snapshot. Retire it and publish
-                // a fresh immutable range, carrying the write generation so
+                // a fresh immutable range.
-                // resizes do not hide guest CPU rewrites from cache owners.
-                var writeGeneration = Volatile.Read(ref range.WriteGeneration);
                 DisarmLocked(range, "replace-range");
                 _rangesByAddress.Remove(address);
-                range = new TrackedRange
+                range = null;
-                {
-                    Address = address,
-                    ByteCount = byteCount,
-                    Start = start,
-                    End = start + length,
-                    WriteGeneration = writeGeneration,
-                };
-                _rangesByAddress[address] = range;
-                RebuildSnapshotLocked();
             }
 
             if (range is null)
@@ -284,31 +248,6 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
         }
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Returns the monotonic first-write generation for a tracked allocation.
-    /// Unlike the consuming dirty flag, this remains changed after another
-    /// cache owner consumes and re-arms the range.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static bool TryGetWriteGeneration(ulong address, out long generation)
-    {
-        generation = 0;
-        if (!_enabled)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            if (!_rangesByAddress.TryGetValue(address, out var range))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            generation = Volatile.Read(ref range.WriteGeneration);
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Prepares pages touched by a managed HLE memory write. Native guest
     /// stores fault and enter <see cref="TryHandleWriteFault"/> through the
@@ -327,17 +266,6 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
         var end = address > ulong.MaxValue - byteCount
             ? ulong.MaxValue
             : address + byteCount;
-
-        // Fast rejection for the hot path: this runs on every managed guest
-        // write, and almost none of them touch tracked texture pages. The
-        // bounds live inside the snapshot so they are always consistent with
-        // the ranges the per-page visit below would consult.
-        var snapshot = Volatile.Read(ref _rangeSnapshot);
-        if (snapshot.Ranges.Length == 0 || end <= snapshot.Start || address >= snapshot.End)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
         var candidate = address;
         while (candidate < end)
         {
@@ -383,7 +311,7 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
             return false;
         }
 
-        var ranges = Volatile.Read(ref _rangeSnapshot).Ranges;
+        var ranges = Volatile.Read(ref _rangeSnapshot);
         var writableStart = ulong.MaxValue;
         var writableEnd = 0UL;
         for (var index = 0; index < ranges.Length; index++)
@@ -462,10 +390,6 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
             }
 
             var wasArmed = Interlocked.Exchange(ref range.Armed, 0) != 0;
-            if (wasArmed)
-            {
-                Interlocked.Increment(ref range.WriteGeneration);
-            }
             if (wasArmed &&
                 range.TraceLifetime &&
                 Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref range.FirstCpuWriteSeen, 1, 0) == 0)
@@ -534,7 +458,7 @@ public static unsafe class GuestImageWriteTracker
 
     private static void RebuildSnapshotLocked()
     {
-        Volatile.Write(ref _rangeSnapshot, new RangeSnapshot(_rangesByAddress.Values.ToArray()));
+        _rangeSnapshot = _rangesByAddress.Values.ToArray();
     }
 
     private static (ulong Start, ulong Length) PageAlign(ulong address, ulong byteCount)

src/SharpEmu.HLE/GuestTlsTemplate.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public static class GuestTlsTemplate
     // Must match CpuDispatcher/DirectExecutionBackend's mapped prefix. PS5
     // modules can require more than one host page of Variant II static TLS;
     // Dreaming Sarah's startup image, for example, reaches 0x1870 bytes.
-    public const ulong StartupStaticTlsReservation = 0x20000UL;     // Was 0x10000UL, but thats too small for GTA V
+    public const ulong StartupStaticTlsReservation = 0x10000UL;
     private static readonly object _gate = new();
     private static readonly SortedDictionary<ulong, ModuleTemplate> _modules = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, ThreadDtv> _threadDtvs = new();

src/SharpEmu.HLE/GuestWriteWatch.cs

@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Buffers.Binary;
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.Threading;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.HLE;
-
-// This tool monitors guest-memory writes only when a watch mode is active.
-public static class GuestWriteWatch
-{
-    private const ulong WatchBytes = 8;
-    private const int MaxBulkReports = 64;
-
-    private static readonly ulong WatchBase = Parse(
-        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_WATCH_WRITE"));
-
-    private static readonly bool WatchPoolHeaders = IsEnabled("SHARPEMU_WATCH_POOL_HEADER");
-
-    private static readonly ulong[] PoolSlots = new ulong[64];
-    private static int _poolSlotCount;
-
-    private static readonly bool WatchValuePattern = IsEnabled("SHARPEMU_WATCH_VALUE_PATTERN");
-
-    private static readonly bool WatchValue1 = IsEnabled("SHARPEMU_WATCH_VALUE1");
-
-    private const ulong DirectBandLow = 0x100_0000_0000;
-    private const ulong DirectBandHigh = 0x1000_0000_0000;
-    private static int _value1Reports;
-
-    private static readonly bool WatchBulkTorn = IsEnabled("SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_TORN");
-
-    private static readonly ulong BulkDestHigh = Parse(
-        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_DEST_HI"));
-    private static int _bulkTornReports;
-    private static int _bulkShiftReports;
-
-    public static bool Armed =>
-        WatchBase != 0 || WatchPoolHeaders || WatchValuePattern || WatchValue1 || WatchBulkTorn;
-
-    public static void OnDirectMapping(ulong mappedAddress, ulong length, int protection)
-    {
-        if (!WatchPoolHeaders || !IsPoolMapping(length, protection))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var index = Interlocked.Increment(ref _poolSlotCount) - 1;
-        if (index < PoolSlots.Length)
-        {
-            Volatile.Write(ref PoolSlots[index], mappedAddress + 0x40);
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                $"[LOADER][WARN] watch_write armed on pool header slot 0x{mappedAddress + 0x40:X16}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void Check(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
-    {
-        if (WatchBulkTorn &&
-            data.Length >= 8 &&
-            (BulkDestHigh != 0
-                ? (address >> 32) == BulkDestHigh
-                : address >= DirectBandLow && address < DirectBandHigh))
-        {
-            for (var offset = FirstAlignedOffset(address); offset + 8 <= data.Length; offset += 8)
-            {
-                var qword = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(data.Slice(offset, 8));
-                var kind = ClassifyBulkValue(qword);
-                if (kind is not null && ReserveBulkReport(kind))
-                {
-                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                        $"[LOADER][WARN] watch_bulk_torn HIT ({kind}) " +
-                        $"dest=0x{address + (ulong)offset:X16} (base=0x{address:X16}+0x{offset:X}) " +
-                        $"len={data.Length} qword=0x{qword:X16}{Environment.NewLine}{Environment.StackTrace}");
-                    Console.Error.Flush();
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (WatchValue1 &&
-            address >= DirectBandLow && address < DirectBandHigh &&
-            data.Length is >= 1 and <= 8 &&
-            LittleEndianValue(data) == 1 &&
-            Interlocked.Increment(ref _value1Reports) <= 128)
-        {
-            Report(address, data);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (WatchValuePattern && data.Length == 8)
-        {
-            var value = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt64LittleEndian(data);
-            if ((value & 0xFFFFFFFF) == 1 && value >> 32 is > 0 and <= 0xFFFF)
-            {
-                Report(address, data);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (WatchBase != 0 && Overlaps(address, data.Length, WatchBase))
-        {
-            Report(address, data);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var slots = Math.Min(Volatile.Read(ref _poolSlotCount), PoolSlots.Length);
-        for (var i = 0; i < slots; i++)
-        {
-            var slot = Volatile.Read(ref PoolSlots[i]);
-            if (slot != 0 && Overlaps(address, data.Length, slot))
-            {
-                Report(address, data);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal static string? ClassifyBulkValue(ulong qword)
-    {
-        var low32 = qword & 0xFFFFFFFF;
-        var high32 = qword >> 32;
-        if (low32 == 1 && high32 is > 0 and <= 0xFFFF)
-        {
-            return "torn";
-        }
-
-        var prefix = low32 & 0xFF00_0000;
-        var hasShiftedPointerPrefix = prefix is 0x0800_0000 or 0x8000_0000;
-        return high32 == 0 && hasShiftedPointerPrefix && (low32 & 0xFF) == 0
-            ? "shift"
-            : null;
-    }
-
-    internal static int FirstAlignedOffset(ulong address) =>
-        (int)((8 - (address & 7)) & 7);
-
-    internal static bool IsPoolMapping(ulong length, int protection) =>
-        length == 0x10000 && protection == 0xF2;
-
-    internal static bool Overlaps(ulong address, int length, ulong slot)
-    {
-        if (length <= 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var writeLength = (ulong)length - 1;
-        var writeEnd = address > ulong.MaxValue - writeLength
-            ? ulong.MaxValue
-            : address + writeLength;
-        var slotEnd = slot > ulong.MaxValue - (WatchBytes - 1)
-            ? ulong.MaxValue
-            : slot + WatchBytes - 1;
-        return address <= slotEnd && slot <= writeEnd;
-    }
-
-    private static ulong LittleEndianValue(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
-    {
-        ulong value = 0;
-        for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
-        {
-            value |= (ulong)data[i] << (i * 8);
-        }
-
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    private static void Report(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
-    {
-        Console.Error.WriteLine(
-            $"[LOADER][WARN] watch_write HIT addr=0x{address:X16} len={data.Length} " +
-            $"first_qword=0x{LittleEndianValue(data):X16}{Environment.NewLine}{Environment.StackTrace}");
-        Console.Error.Flush();
-    }
-
-    private static bool IsEnabled(string name) =>
-        string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(name), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-
-    private static bool ReserveBulkReport(string kind) =>
-        kind == "torn"
-            ? Interlocked.Increment(ref _bulkTornReports) <= MaxBulkReports
-            : Interlocked.Increment(ref _bulkShiftReports) <= MaxBulkReports;
-
-    internal static ulong Parse(string? text)
-    {
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        text = text.Trim();
-        if (text.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            text = text[2..];
-        }
-
-        return ulong.TryParse(text, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var value)
-            ? value
-            : 0;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.HLE/ICpuMemory.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,4 @@ public interface ICpuMemory
     bool TryWrite(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source);
 
     bool TryCompare(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected) => false;
-
-    bool TryCopy(ulong destinationAddress, ulong sourceAddress, ulong length) => false;
 }

src/SharpEmu.HLE/IGuestAddressSpace.cs

@@ -15,17 +15,6 @@ public interface IGuestAddressSpace : IGuestMemoryAllocator
 {
     ulong AllocateAt(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, bool executable = true, bool allowAlternative = true);
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Backs an entire fixed-address range, matching the guest's
-    /// <c>SCE_KERNEL_MAP_FIXED</c> contract. Unlike <see cref="AllocateAt"/>, which
-    /// reserves the range in one all-or-nothing host call, this walks the range and
-    /// fills only the sub-ranges that are not already backed. That keeps a fixed
-    /// mapping whole when part of the requested window is already occupied — the
-    /// partial-overlap case where the single-call reservation fails outright and
-    /// leaves the remainder unmapped for the guest to fault into.
-    /// </summary>
-    bool TryBackFixedRange(ulong address, ulong size, bool executable);
-
     bool TryAllocateAtOrAbove(ulong desiredAddress, ulong size, bool executable, ulong alignment, out ulong actualAddress);
 
     bool TryProtect(ulong address, ulong size, GuestPageProtection protection);

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/AgcShaderCompilerHooks.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
 using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
@@ -27,8 +26,8 @@ internal static class AgcShaderCompilerHooks
     internal static void Install()
     {
         Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.FallbackMemoryReader =
-            KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryReadShaderGuestMemory;
+            KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryReadTrackedLibcHeap;
         Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.GlobalMemoryPool =
-            GuestDataPool.Shared;
+            VulkanVideoPresenter.GuestDataPool;
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/GnmTiling.cs

@@ -194,164 +194,6 @@ internal static class GnmTiling
         }
     }
 
-    public static bool TryGetBlockElementDimensions(
-        uint swizzleMode,
-        int bytesPerElement,
-        out int blockWidth,
-        out int blockHeight)
-    {
-        blockWidth = 0;
-        blockHeight = 0;
-        if (bytesPerElement <= 0 ||
-            !TryGetSwizzleKind(swizzleMode, out _, out var blockBytes))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var bppLog2 = BitLog2((uint)bytesPerElement);
-        if (bppLog2 < 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        (blockWidth, blockHeight) = SquareBlockDimensions(blockBytes >> bppLog2);
-        return blockWidth != 0 && blockHeight != 0;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Locates mip 0 in a GFX10 mip chain, which AddrLib stores smallest-first
-    /// (Gfx10Lib::ComputeSurfaceInfoMacroTiled/MicroTiled).
-    /// </summary>
-    public static bool TryGetBaseMipPlacement(
-        uint swizzleMode,
-        int elementsWide,
-        int elementsHigh,
-        int bytesPerElement,
-        uint resourceMipLevels,
-        out ulong byteOffset,
-        out bool inMipTail,
-        out int tailElementX,
-        out int tailElementY,
-        out ulong chainSliceBytes)
-    {
-        byteOffset = 0;
-        inMipTail = false;
-        tailElementX = 0;
-        tailElementY = 0;
-        chainSliceBytes = 0;
-        if (resourceMipLevels <= 1 ||
-            !ShouldDetile(swizzleMode) ||
-            elementsWide <= 0 ||
-            elementsHigh <= 0 ||
-            bytesPerElement <= 0 ||
-            !TryGetSwizzleKind(swizzleMode, out _, out var blockBytes))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var bppLog2 = BitLog2((uint)bytesPerElement);
-        if (bppLog2 < 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var (blockWidth, blockHeight) = SquareBlockDimensions(blockBytes >> bppLog2);
-        var blockSizeLog2 = BitLog2((uint)blockBytes);
-        if (blockWidth == 0 || blockHeight == 0 || blockSizeLog2 < 8)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var mipLevels = (int)Math.Min(resourceMipLevels, 16u);
-        var maxMipsInTail = blockSizeLog2 <= 8 ? 0
-            : blockSizeLog2 <= 11
-                ? 1 + (1 << (blockSizeLog2 - 9))
-                : blockSizeLog2 - 4;
-        var tailWidth = (blockSizeLog2 & 1) != 0 ? blockWidth >> 1 : blockWidth;
-        var tailHeight = (blockSizeLog2 & 1) != 0 ? blockHeight : blockHeight >> 1;
-
-        var firstMipInTail = mipLevels;
-        var mipSizes = new ulong[mipLevels];
-        for (var i = 0; i < mipLevels; i++)
-        {
-            var mipWidth = Math.Max(elementsWide >> i, 1);
-            var mipHeight = Math.Max(elementsHigh >> i, 1);
-            if (maxMipsInTail > 0 &&
-                mipWidth <= tailWidth &&
-                mipHeight <= tailHeight &&
-                mipLevels - i <= maxMipsInTail)
-            {
-                firstMipInTail = i;
-                break;
-            }
-
-            var alignedWidth = (ulong)(mipWidth + blockWidth - 1) / (ulong)blockWidth * (ulong)blockWidth;
-            var alignedHeight = (ulong)(mipHeight + blockHeight - 1) / (ulong)blockHeight * (ulong)blockHeight;
-            mipSizes[i] = alignedWidth * alignedHeight * (ulong)bytesPerElement;
-        }
-
-        if (firstMipInTail == 0)
-        {
-            var m = maxMipsInTail - 1;
-            var mipOffset = m > 6 ? 16 << m : m << 8;
-            var mipX = ((mipOffset >> 9) & 1) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 10) & 2) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 11) & 4) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 12) & 8) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 13) & 16) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 14) & 32);
-            var mipY = ((mipOffset >> 8) & 1) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 9) & 2) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 10) & 4) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 11) & 8) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 12) & 16) |
-                       ((mipOffset >> 13) & 32);
-            if ((blockSizeLog2 & 1) != 0)
-            {
-                (mipX, mipY) = (mipY, mipX);
-                if ((bppLog2 & 1) != 0)
-                {
-                    mipY = (mipY << 1) | (mipX & 1);
-                    mipX >>= 1;
-                }
-            }
-
-            var (microWidth, microHeight) = SquareBlockDimensions(256 >> bppLog2);
-            if (microWidth == 0 || microHeight == 0)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            tailElementX = mipX * microWidth;
-            tailElementY = mipY * microHeight;
-            if (tailElementX + elementsWide > blockWidth ||
-                tailElementY + elementsHigh > blockHeight)
-            {
-                tailElementX = 0;
-                tailElementY = 0;
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            inMipTail = true;
-            chainSliceBytes = (ulong)blockBytes;
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        byteOffset = firstMipInTail < mipLevels ? (ulong)blockBytes : 0;
-        chainSliceBytes = byteOffset;
-        for (var i = firstMipInTail - 1; i >= 1; i--)
-        {
-            byteOffset += mipSizes[i];
-        }
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < firstMipInTail; i++)
-        {
-            chainSliceBytes += mipSizes[i];
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Deswizzles <paramref name="tiled"/> into linear row-major order.
     /// Elements are pixels for uncompressed formats and 4x4 blocks for

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/GpuWaitRegistry.cs

@@ -37,26 +37,10 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
         public long RegisteredTicks;
         public bool StaleReported;
         public object? State;
-        // Latched by LatchSatisfiedByValue when a producer wrote a value that
-        // satisfies this waiter. The label is frequently reused (reset to 0 for
-        // the next frame) immediately after the producing write, so re-reading
-        // guest memory at wake time can miss the transient satisfied window.
-        // Latching records satisfaction at the moment of the write instead.
-        public bool Latched;
-        // Non-zero for indirect-dispatch dimension retries: a bounded deadline
-        // (Stopwatch ticks) after which the waiter is resumed even if unsatisfied,
-        // so a legitimately empty indirect dispatch can never stall forever.
-        public long RetryDeadlineTicks;
     }
 
     private static readonly object _gate = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, List<WaitingDcb>> _waiters = new();
-    // The last value each label producer wrote. Used only by the deadlock
-    // breaker: our serial submission parser cannot model two GPU queues running
-    // concurrently, so a label written -> reset -> re-waited across queues can
-    // cycle forever even though a real producer did signal it. Keyed by (memory,
-    // address) so distinct guest processes never alias.
-    private static readonly Dictionary<(object, ulong), ulong> _lastProduced = new();
 
     public static int Count
     {
@@ -130,14 +114,8 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    var satisfied = list[i].Latched;
+                    var value = readValue(address, list[i].Is64Bit);
-                    if (!satisfied)
+                    if (value is null || !Compare(list[i], value.Value))
-                    {
-                        var value = readValue(address, list[i].Is64Bit);
-                        satisfied = value is not null && Compare(list[i], value.Value);
-                    }
-
-                    if (!satisfied)
                     {
                         continue;
                     }
@@ -258,162 +236,6 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
         return matches;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Records satisfaction for every waiter at <paramref name="address"/> whose
-    /// condition is met by <paramref name="value"/> — the value a producer just
-    /// wrote to that label. Called from the ordered producer side effect so a
-    /// same-frame label reset cannot lose the wakeup. The waiters stay registered
-    /// (latched) and are drained by the next CollectSatisfied. Returns true when
-    /// at least one waiter latched, so the caller can trigger a wake pass.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static bool LatchSatisfiedByValue(object memory, ulong address, ulong value)
-    {
-        var latchedAny = false;
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            if (!_waiters.TryGetValue(address, out var list))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            for (var i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
-            {
-                var waiter = list[i];
-                if (waiter.Latched ||
-                    !ReferenceEquals(waiter.Memory, memory) ||
-                    !Compare(waiter, value))
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                waiter.Latched = true;
-                list[i] = waiter;
-                latchedAny = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return latchedAny;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Removes and returns waiters carrying a <see cref="WaitingDcb.RetryDeadlineTicks"/>
-    /// that has elapsed. Used for indirect-dispatch dimension retries: the caller
-    /// resumes them so a genuinely empty dispatch (dims that never become non-zero)
-    /// is dropped after a bounded wait instead of stalling the queue forever.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static List<WaitingDcb>? CollectExpiredRetries(object memory, long nowTicks)
-    {
-        List<WaitingDcb>? expired = null;
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            List<ulong>? emptied = null;
-            foreach (var (address, list) in _waiters)
-            {
-                for (var i = list.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
-                    var waiter = list[i];
-                    if (waiter.RetryDeadlineTicks == 0 ||
-                        !ReferenceEquals(waiter.Memory, memory) ||
-                        nowTicks < waiter.RetryDeadlineTicks)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    expired ??= new List<WaitingDcb>();
-                    expired.Add(waiter);
-                    list.RemoveAt(i);
-                }
-
-                if (list.Count == 0)
-                {
-                    emptied ??= new List<ulong>();
-                    emptied.Add(address);
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (emptied is not null)
-            {
-                foreach (var address in emptied)
-                {
-                    _waiters.Remove(address);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return expired;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Records the value a label producer wrote, for the deadlock
-    /// breaker. Also latches any already-waiting waiter it satisfies.</summary>
-    public static bool RecordProduced(object memory, ulong address, ulong value)
-    {
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            if (_lastProduced.Count >= 8192)
-            {
-                _lastProduced.Clear();
-            }
-
-            _lastProduced[(memory, address)] = value;
-        }
-
-        return LatchSatisfiedByValue(memory, address, value);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Breaks cross-queue GPU deadlocks the serial parser cannot avoid: returns
-    /// (and removes) waiters that have been stuck longer than
-    /// <paramref name="minAgeTicks"/> and whose condition is satisfied by the
-    /// last value a real producer wrote to their label — even though guest
-    /// memory has since been reset. Never fabricates a value: a waiter is only
-    /// released when an actual producer signalled it at least once.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static List<WaitingDcb>? CollectDeadlockBroken(
-        object memory,
-        long nowTicks,
-        long minAgeTicks)
-    {
-        List<WaitingDcb>? broken = null;
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            List<ulong>? emptied = null;
-            foreach (var (address, list) in _waiters)
-            {
-                for (var i = list.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-                {
-                    var waiter = list[i];
-                    if (!ReferenceEquals(waiter.Memory, memory) ||
-                        nowTicks - waiter.RegisteredTicks < minAgeTicks ||
-                        !_lastProduced.TryGetValue((memory, address), out var produced) ||
-                        !Compare(waiter, produced))
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    broken ??= new List<WaitingDcb>();
-                    broken.Add(waiter);
-                    list.RemoveAt(i);
-                }
-
-                if (list.Count == 0)
-                {
-                    emptied ??= new List<ulong>();
-                    emptied.Add(address);
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (emptied is not null)
-            {
-                foreach (var address in emptied)
-                {
-                    _waiters.Remove(address);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return broken;
-    }
-
     public static bool Compare(in WaitingDcb waiter, ulong value)
     {
         var masked = value & waiter.Mask;
@@ -438,7 +260,6 @@ internal static class GpuWaitRegistry
         lock (_gate)
         {
             _waiters.Clear();
-            _lastProduced.Clear();
         }
     }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ampr/AmprExports.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
-using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Ampr;
 
@@ -44,17 +43,17 @@ public static class AmprExports
     {
         public CachedHostFile(string path)
         {
-            Handle = File.OpenHandle(
+            Stream = new FileStream(
                 path,
                 FileMode.Open,
                 FileAccess.Read,
                 FileShare.ReadWrite | FileShare.Delete,
+                bufferSize: 1024 * 1024,
                 FileOptions.RandomAccess);
-            Length = RandomAccess.GetLength(Handle);
         }
 
-        public SafeFileHandle Handle { get; }
+        public object Gate { get; } = new();
-        public long Length { get; }
+        public FileStream Stream { get; }
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -736,7 +735,13 @@ public static class AmprExports
                 return openResult;
             }
 
-            if (fileOffset >= (ulong)cachedFile.Length)
+            long fileLength;
+            lock (cachedFile.Gate)
+            {
+                fileLength = cachedFile.Stream.Length;
+            }
+
+            if (fileOffset >= (ulong)fileLength)
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
             }
@@ -755,10 +760,12 @@ public static class AmprExports
                 }
 
                 var request = (int)Math.Min((ulong)buffer.Length, size - bytesRead);
-                var read = RandomAccess.Read(
+                int read;
-                    cachedFile.Handle,
+                lock (cachedFile.Gate)
-                    buffer.AsSpan(0, request),
+                {
-                    unchecked((long)absoluteOffset));
+                    cachedFile.Stream.Position = unchecked((long)absoluteOffset);
+                    read = cachedFile.Stream.Read(buffer, 0, request);
+                }
 
                 if (read <= 0)
                 {

src/SharpEmu.Libs/AppContent/AppContentExports.cs

@@ -121,33 +121,6 @@ public static class AppContentExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
-    // Download data is not emulated as a real quota; report a comfortable
-    // fixed amount of free space so titles never take the "storage full" path.
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "Gl6w5i0JokY",
-        ExportName = "sceAppContentDownloadDataGetAvailableSpaceKb",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceAppContent")]
-    public static int AppContentDownloadDataGetAvailableSpaceKb(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        const ulong availableSpaceKb = 1024UL * 1024UL; // 1 GiB
-        var availableSpaceAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (availableSpaceAddress == 0)
-        {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> spaceBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(spaceBytes, availableSpaceKb);
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(availableSpaceAddress, spaceBytes))
-        {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-        }
-
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-    }
-
     private static bool TryReadUserDefinedParam(uint paramId, out int value)
     {
         value = 0;

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Audio/AudioOutExports.cs

@@ -14,12 +14,6 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
     private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<int, PortState> Ports = new();
     private static int _nextPortHandle;
 
-    // Diagnostic: confirm sceAudioOutOutput is actually called and whether the
-    // guest submits real samples or silence. Gated so it costs nothing when off.
-    private static readonly bool _traceOutput = string.Equals(
-        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_AUDIO_OUT"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-    private static long _outputCount;
-
     private sealed class PortState : IDisposable
     {
         private readonly object _paceGate = new();
@@ -161,37 +155,6 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         return ctx.SetReturn(0);
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "GrQ9s4IrNaQ",
-        ExportName = "sceAudioOutGetPortState",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceAudioOut")]
-    public static int AudioOutGetPortState(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var stateAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (stateAddress == 0 || !Ports.TryGetValue(handle, out var port))
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-        }
-
-        // SceAudioOutPortState: report a connected primary output at full volume
-        // so pacing/mixing code sees a live port. We do no host rerouting, so
-        // rerouteCounter and flag stay zero.
-        Span<byte> state = stackalloc byte[16];
-        state.Clear();
-        System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(state, 1);
-        System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(
-            state[2..], (ushort)port.Channels);
-        state[7] = 127;
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(stateAddress, state))
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-        }
-
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "QOQtbeDqsT4",
         ExportName = "sceAudioOutOutput",
@@ -203,12 +166,7 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         var sourceAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (!Ports.TryGetValue(handle, out var port))
         {
-            // Host shutdown disposes the ports while guest audio threads are
+            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-            // still draining their last buffers; report success so the guest
-            // winds down without a per-buffer error (and its WARN log flood).
-            return ctx.SetReturn(_shutdown
-                ? 0
-                : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
         }
 
         if (sourceAddress == 0)
@@ -225,17 +183,6 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
                 return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
             }
 
-            if (_traceOutput)
-            {
-                var n = Interlocked.Increment(ref _outputCount);
-                if (n <= 8 || n % 200 == 0)
-                {
-                    var peak = PeakAmplitude(source, port.IsFloat, port.BytesPerSample);
-                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                        $"[LOADER][TRACE] audioout.output#{n} handle={handle} bytes={source.Length} ch={port.Channels} float={port.IsFloat} vol={port.Volume:F2} peak={peak:F4} backend={(port.Backend is null ? "none" : "coreaudio")}");
-                }
-            }
-
             if (port.Backend is null)
             {
                 port.PaceSilence();
@@ -319,40 +266,8 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         return ctx.SetReturn(0);
     }
 
-    // Peak normalized amplitude [0,1] of an interleaved PCM buffer, used only by
-    // the SHARPEMU_LOG_AUDIO_OUT diagnostic to distinguish real audio from silence.
-    private static float PeakAmplitude(ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, bool isFloat, int bytesPerSample)
-    {
-        var peak = 0f;
-        if (isFloat && bytesPerSample == 4)
-        {
-            for (var i = 0; i + 4 <= source.Length; i += 4)
-            {
-                var v = Math.Abs(System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.ReadSingleLittleEndian(source.Slice(i, 4)));
-                if (v > peak)
-                {
-                    peak = v;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else if (bytesPerSample == 2)
-        {
-            for (var i = 0; i + 2 <= source.Length; i += 2)
-            {
-                var v = Math.Abs(System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt16LittleEndian(source.Slice(i, 2)) / 32768f);
-                if (v > peak)
-                {
-                    peak = v;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return peak;
-    }
-
     public static void ShutdownAllPorts()
     {
-        Volatile.Write(ref _shutdown, true);
         foreach (var handle in Ports.Keys)
         {
             if (Ports.TryRemove(handle, out var port))
@@ -362,8 +277,6 @@ public static class AudioOutExports
         }
     }
 
-    private static bool _shutdown;
-
     private static bool TryGetFormat(
         int rawFormat,
         out int channels,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Audio/AudioPropagationExports.cs

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using SharpEmu.HLE;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Audio;
-
-// PS5 acoustic-propagation (3D-audio ray/portal/room) module. We do not model
-// acoustic propagation; the geometry-driven reverb/occlusion it produces is a
-// quality feature, not a correctness gate. Games (e.g. Astro Bot) call it
-// during audio init and hard-assert if any entry point is missing:
-//   ASSERT ... sceAudioPropagationSystemQueryMemory failed : 0x80020002
-// The API is placement-style: QueryMemory reports a buffer size, the game
-// allocates it, and the "system"/objects live inside that caller-owned buffer,
-// so success-returning stubs let init proceed without us owning any state.
-public static class AudioPropagationExports
-{
-    private const int Ok = 0;
-
-    // QueryMemory reports the working-set size the caller must allocate before
-    // SystemCreate. rsi points at the out size/alignment; write a modest,
-    // aligned block so the caller's allocation succeeds.
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "7xyAxrusLko",
-        ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemQueryMemory",
-        Target = Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemQueryMemory(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (outAddress != 0)
-        {
-            // {size, alignment} — 1 MiB / 256 B covers the caller's allocation.
-            ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outAddress, 0x10_0000);
-            ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outAddress + sizeof(ulong), 0x100);
-        }
-
-        return ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "GrA9ke1QT+E", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemQueryInfo", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemQueryInfo(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "aNEqtSHdUSo", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemCreate", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemCreate(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "x5VPqg5iyAk", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemDestroy", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "ile38Gl-p5M", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystem", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int System(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "cMl3u+7QBBM", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemMemoryInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemMemoryInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "3B9IabLByyM", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemOptionInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemOptionInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "B2KI2AachWE", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemLock", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemLock(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "kIdb+iQUzCs", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemSetAttributes", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemSetAttributes(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "VlBT16890mA", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemSetRays", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemSetRays(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "ht-QXT3zGxo", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemGetRays", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemGetRays(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "CPLV6G-eXmk", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemRegisterMaterial", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemRegisterMaterial(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "XKCN4gpeYsM", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSystemUnregisterMaterial", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SystemUnregisterMaterial(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "8bI5h8req30", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationRoomCreate", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int RoomCreate(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "S0JwP2AFTTE", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationRoomDestroy", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int RoomDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "b-dYXrjSNZU", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationPortalCreate", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int PortalCreate(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "ZQXE-xS6MTE", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationPortalDestroy", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int PortalDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "WXMhENV2NcA", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationPortalSetAttributes", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int PortalSetAttributes(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "i687TNRF+hw", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationPortalSettingsInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int PortalSettingsInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "d84otraxt2s", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceCreate", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceCreate(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "wkseM3LWPuc", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceDestroy", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "-wsUTr31yeg", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceSetAttributes", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceSetAttributes(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "PBcrVpEqUVY", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceCalculateAudioPaths", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceCalculateAudioPaths(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "eEeKqFeNI3o", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceGetAudioPath", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceGetAudioPath(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "G+QLTfyLMYk", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceGetAudioPathCount", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceGetAudioPathCount(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "aKJZx7wCma8", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceGetRays", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceGetRays(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "3aEY9tPXGKc", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceQueryInfo", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceQueryInfo(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "hhz9pITnC8k", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceRender", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceRender(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "SoKPzY1-3SU", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceRenderInfoInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceRenderInfoInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "tKSmk2JsMAA", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceSetAudioPath", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceSetAudioPath(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "5vzOS2pHMFc", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceSetAudioPaths", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceSetAudioPaths(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "MNmGapXrYRs", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationSourceSetAudioPathsParamInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int SourceSetAudioPathsParamInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "i-0aUex3zCE", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationAudioPathInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int AudioPathInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "JZIkSbmt2BE", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationAudioPathPointInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int AudioPathPointInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "tL2AEPejVQE", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationPathGetNumPoints", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int PathGetNumPoints(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "2BSFmuKtRss", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationMaterialInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int MaterialInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "0r2+9UTg1BA", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationRayInit", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int RayInit(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "BbOT4vBwAjs", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationResetAttributes", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int ResetAttributes(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "gCmQm6dvMxw", ExportName = "sceAudioPropagationReportApi", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceAudioPropagation")]
-    public static int ReportApi(CpuContext ctx) => ctx.SetReturn(Ok);
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/AvPlayer/AvPlayerExports.cs

@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
     private const int FrameBufferCount = 3;
     private const int FrameInfoSize = 40;
     private const int FrameInfoExSize = 104;
-    // This structure is 32 bytes. A larger write can damage the guest stack.
+    private const int StreamInfoSize = 40;
-    private const int StreamInfoSize = 32;
-    private const int StreamInfoExSize = 32;
     private const int MaxGuestPathLength = 4096;
     private static readonly object StateGate = new();
     private static readonly Dictionary<ulong, PlayerState> Players = new();
@@ -406,8 +404,7 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
         ExportName = "sceAvPlayerGetStreamInfoEx",
         Target = Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceAvPlayer")]
-    public static int AvPlayerGetStreamInfoEx(CpuContext ctx) =>
+    public static int AvPlayerSetDecoderMode(CpuContext ctx) => ValidatePlayer(ctx);
-        GetStreamInfoCore(ctx, StreamInfoExSize);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "XC9wM+xULz8",
@@ -564,48 +561,12 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
         }
     }
 
-    internal static void RegisterPlayerForTest(
-        ulong handle,
-        int width,
-        int height,
-        ulong durationMilliseconds)
-    {
-        PlayerState? previous;
-        lock (StateGate)
-        {
-            Players.Remove(handle, out previous);
-            Players[handle] = new PlayerState
-            {
-                Handle = handle,
-                Width = width,
-                Height = height,
-                DurationMilliseconds = durationMilliseconds,
-            };
-        }
-
-        previous?.Dispose();
-    }
-
-    internal static void RemovePlayerForTest(ulong handle)
-    {
-        PlayerState? player;
-        lock (StateGate)
-        {
-            Players.Remove(handle, out player);
-        }
-
-        player?.Dispose();
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "d8FcbzfAdQw",
         ExportName = "sceAvPlayerGetStreamInfo",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceAvPlayer")]
-    public static int AvPlayerGetStreamInfo(CpuContext ctx) =>
+    public static int AvPlayerGetStreamInfo(CpuContext ctx)
-        GetStreamInfoCore(ctx, StreamInfoSize);
-
-    private static int GetStreamInfoCore(CpuContext ctx, int infoSize)
     {
         var streamIndex = unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
         var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
@@ -617,7 +578,7 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
                 return SetReturn(ctx, InvalidParameters);
             }
 
-            Span<byte> info = stackalloc byte[infoSize];
+            Span<byte> info = stackalloc byte[StreamInfoSize];
             info.Clear();
             BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(info[0..], streamIndex); // 0=video, 1=audio
             if (streamIndex == 0)
@@ -1048,7 +1009,7 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
         {
             return false;
         }
-        var ffprobe = GetFfprobePath(ffmpeg, OperatingSystem.IsWindows());
+        var ffprobe = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(ffmpeg) ?? string.Empty, "ffprobe");
         if (!File.Exists(ffprobe))
         {
             return false;
@@ -1131,33 +1092,13 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
         }
     }
 
-    private static string? FindFfmpeg() =>
+    private static string? FindFfmpeg()
-        FindFfmpeg(
-            Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_FFMPEG_PATH"),
-            Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PATH"),
-            OperatingSystem.IsWindows());
-
-    internal static string? FindFfmpeg(
-        string? configured,
-        string? searchPath,
-        bool isWindows)
     {
+        var configured = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_FFMPEG_PATH");
         if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configured) && File.Exists(configured))
         {
             return configured;
         }
-
-        var executable = isWindows ? "ffmpeg.exe" : "ffmpeg";
-        foreach (var directory in (searchPath ?? string.Empty)
-                     .Split(Path.PathSeparator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
-        {
-            var candidate = Path.Combine(RemovePathQuotes(directory), executable);
-            if (File.Exists(candidate))
-            {
-                return candidate;
-            }
-        }
-
         foreach (var candidate in new[] { "/opt/homebrew/bin/ffmpeg", "/usr/local/bin/ffmpeg" })
         {
             if (File.Exists(candidate))
@@ -1168,16 +1109,6 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
         return null;
     }
 
-    internal static string GetFfprobePath(string ffmpeg, bool isWindows) =>
-        Path.Combine(
-            Path.GetDirectoryName(ffmpeg) ?? string.Empty,
-            isWindows ? "ffprobe.exe" : "ffprobe");
-
-    private static string RemovePathQuotes(string directory) =>
-        directory.Length >= 2 && directory[0] == '"' && directory[^1] == '"'
-            ? directory[1..^1]
-            : directory;
-
     internal static string? ResolveGuestPath(string guestPath)
     {
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(guestPath))
@@ -1187,9 +1118,7 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
 
         var normalized = guestPath.Replace('\\', '/');
         var fileReference = normalized.StartsWith("file:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-        var unrealProjectRelative =
+        var unrealProjectRelative = false;
-            normalized.StartsWith("../", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
-            normalized.StartsWith("./", StringComparison.Ordinal);
         if (normalized.StartsWith("file://", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
             Uri.TryCreate(normalized, UriKind.Absolute, out var uri) &&
             uri.IsFile)
@@ -1220,10 +1149,7 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
 
         if (unrealProjectRelative)
         {
-            if (!TryRemoveUnrealLeadingDotSegments(normalized, out normalized))
+            normalized = RemoveUnrealLeadingDotSegments(normalized);
-            {
-                return null;
-            }
         }
 
         var app0 = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_APP0_DIR");
@@ -1307,20 +1233,15 @@ public static class AvPlayerExports
         }
     }
 
-    private static bool TryRemoveUnrealLeadingDotSegments(
+    private static string RemoveUnrealLeadingDotSegments(string guestPath)
-        string guestPath,
-        out string normalized)
     {
-        var removedParent = false;
         while (guestPath.StartsWith("../", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                guestPath.StartsWith("./", StringComparison.Ordinal))
         {
-            removedParent |= guestPath.StartsWith("../", StringComparison.Ordinal);
             guestPath = guestPath[(guestPath.IndexOf('/') + 1)..];
         }
 
-        normalized = guestPath;
+        return guestPath;
-        return !removedParent || guestPath.Contains('/');
     }
 
     private static bool TryDecodeFileReference(string encoded, out string decoded)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Bink/Bink2MovieBridge.cs

@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
     private static bool _availabilityReported;
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Returns true only when movie skipping was explicitly requested. Without
+    /// Returns true when the guest should receive a normal "file not found"
-    /// a host adapter the guest must be allowed to run the Bink implementation
+    /// result for a Bink movie. This is the safe default without a decoder:
-    /// statically linked into its executable.
+    /// games that treat movies as optional fall through to their next state
+    /// rather than submitting an empty Bink GPU texture forever.
     /// </summary>
     internal static bool ShouldSkipGuestMovie(string hostPath) =>
         hostPath.EndsWith(".bk2", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
@@ -52,18 +53,12 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
                 return;
             }
 
-            var mode = ResolveMode();
+            if (ResolveMode() == MovieMode.Dummy)
-            if (mode == MovieMode.Dummy)
             {
                 AttachDummyMovieLocked(hostPath);
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (mode != MovieMode.Native)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
             var adapter = GetAdapterLocked();
             if (adapter is null)
             {
@@ -170,15 +165,16 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
             return MovieMode.Skip;
         }
 
-        // Prefer the optional host adapter when one is supplied. Otherwise let
+        // With no SDK adapter present, returning "not found" makes optional
-        // the game's statically linked Bink implementation consume the file.
+        // cinematics advance. Supplying either an explicit path or the normal
+        // side-by-side adapter enables native playback automatically.
         if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_BINK2_BRIDGE")) ||
             EnumerateAdapterCandidates().Any(File.Exists))
         {
             return MovieMode.Native;
         }
 
-        return MovieMode.Guest;
+        return MovieMode.Skip;
     }
 
     private static void AttachDummyMovieLocked(string hostPath)
@@ -339,7 +335,6 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
 
     private enum MovieMode
     {
-        Guest,
         Skip,
         Dummy,
         Native,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/GuestDataPool.cs

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Buffers;
-using System.Numerics;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// The pool backing AGC-to-presenter ownership transfers, shared by every backend
-/// (the AGC layer rents, the presenter returns, so both sides must use one pool).
-/// Guest draw snapshots churn through a small set of 128 KiB-16 MiB size classes
-/// thousands of times per second; the process-wide shared pool trims and
-/// repartitions those large arrays aggressively under GC load, causing hundreds of
-/// MiB/s of replacement byte[] allocations, so this pool is bounded and non-shared.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class GuestDataPool
-{
-    public static ArrayPool<byte> Shared { get; } = new BoundedByteArrayPool(
-        maxArrayLength: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
-        maxCachedBytes: 256UL * 1024 * 1024,
-        maxArraysPerBucket: 8);
-
-    public static void Trim() => ((BoundedByteArrayPool)Shared).Trim();
-
-    private sealed class BoundedByteArrayPool : ArrayPool<byte>
-    {
-        private readonly object _gate = new();
-        private readonly int _maxArrayLength;
-        private readonly ulong _maxCachedBytes;
-        private readonly int _maxArraysPerBucket;
-        private readonly Dictionary<int, Stack<byte[]>> _cachedByBucket = [];
-        private readonly HashSet<byte[]> _leases =
-            new(System.Collections.Generic.ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
-        private ulong _cachedBytes;
-
-        public BoundedByteArrayPool(
-            int maxArrayLength,
-            ulong maxCachedBytes,
-            int maxArraysPerBucket)
-        {
-            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegativeOrZero(maxArrayLength);
-            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfZero(maxCachedBytes);
-            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegativeOrZero(maxArraysPerBucket);
-            _maxArrayLength = maxArrayLength;
-            _maxCachedBytes = maxCachedBytes;
-            _maxArraysPerBucket = maxArraysPerBucket;
-        }
-
-        public override byte[] Rent(int minimumLength)
-        {
-            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative(minimumLength);
-            var length = GetAllocationLength(minimumLength);
-            byte[]? array = null;
-            lock (_gate)
-            {
-                if (length <= _maxArrayLength &&
-                    _cachedByBucket.TryGetValue(length, out var bucket) &&
-                    bucket.TryPop(out array))
-                {
-                    _cachedBytes -= (ulong)array.LongLength;
-                }
-
-                array ??= new byte[length];
-                _leases.Add(array);
-            }
-
-            return array;
-        }
-
-        public override void Return(byte[] array, bool clearArray = false)
-        {
-            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(array);
-            lock (_gate)
-            {
-                if (!_leases.Remove(array))
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (clearArray)
-            {
-                Array.Clear(array);
-            }
-
-            lock (_gate)
-            {
-                if (array.Length > _maxArrayLength ||
-                    !IsBucketLength(array.Length) ||
-                    (ulong)array.LongLength > _maxCachedBytes -
-                        Math.Min(_cachedBytes, _maxCachedBytes))
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (!_cachedByBucket.TryGetValue(array.Length, out var bucket))
-                {
-                    bucket = new Stack<byte[]>();
-                    _cachedByBucket.Add(array.Length, bucket);
-                }
-
-                if (bucket.Count >= _maxArraysPerBucket)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                bucket.Push(array);
-                _cachedBytes += (ulong)array.LongLength;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public void Trim()
-        {
-            lock (_gate)
-            {
-                _cachedByBucket.Clear();
-                _cachedBytes = 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private int GetAllocationLength(int minimumLength)
-        {
-            if (minimumLength <= 16)
-            {
-                return 16;
-            }
-
-            if (minimumLength > _maxArrayLength)
-            {
-                return minimumLength;
-            }
-
-            return checked((int)BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2((uint)minimumLength));
-        }
-
-        private static bool IsBucketLength(int length) =>
-            length >= 16 && (length & (length - 1)) == 0;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/GuestGpu.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-using SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Vulkan;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
@@ -9,39 +8,11 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
 /// <summary>
 /// Process-wide access point for the guest-GPU backend, mirroring HostPlatform for the
 /// host seam: static HLE export classes resolve the renderer through <see cref="Current"/>.
-/// Vulkan is the default everywhere; SHARPEMU_GPU_BACKEND=metal opts into the Metal
+/// Vulkan is the only backend today; Metal/DX12 slot in here.
-/// backend (macOS only) while it is being brought up. macOS flips to Metal by default
-/// once the presenter reaches parity.
 /// </summary>
 internal static class GuestGpu
 {
-    private static readonly Lazy<IGuestGpuBackend> Instance = new(Create);
+    private static readonly Lazy<IGuestGpuBackend> Instance = new(static () => new VulkanGuestGpuBackend());
 
     public static IGuestGpuBackend Current => Instance.Value;
-
-    private static IGuestGpuBackend Create()
-    {
-        var requested = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_GPU_BACKEND");
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(requested) || requested.Equals("vulkan", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            return new VulkanGuestGpuBackend();
-        }
-
-        if (requested.Equals("metal", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-        {
-            if (!OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
-            {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                    "[LOADER][WARN] SHARPEMU_GPU_BACKEND=metal is only available on macOS; using Vulkan.");
-                return new VulkanGuestGpuBackend();
-            }
-
-            Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] GPU backend: Metal (SHARPEMU_GPU_BACKEND).");
-            return new MetalGuestGpuBackend();
-        }
-
-        Console.Error.WriteLine(
-            $"[LOADER][WARN] Unknown SHARPEMU_GPU_BACKEND value '{requested}'; using Vulkan.");
-        return new VulkanGuestGpuBackend();
-    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/GuestGpuTypes.cs

@@ -27,12 +27,7 @@ internal sealed record GuestDrawTexture(
     uint Pitch = 0,
     uint TileMode = 0,
     uint DstSelect = 0xFAC,
-    GuestSampler Sampler = default,
+    GuestSampler Sampler = default);
-    // Guest CPU write-tracker generation of the memory RgbaPixels was read
-    // from; -1 when the range is untracked or the pixels were not read here.
-    long WriteGeneration = -1,
-    bool ArrayedView = false,
-    uint ArrayLayers = 1);
 
 /// <summary>Raw guest sampler descriptor dwords, copied verbatim from guest memory.</summary>
 internal readonly record struct GuestSampler(
@@ -41,22 +36,6 @@ internal readonly record struct GuestSampler(
     uint Word2,
     uint Word3);
 
-/// <summary>Identity of a texture's content in a backend texture cache, keyed
-/// entirely on raw guest descriptor values; the AGC layer uses it to skip texel
-/// copies for content the backend already holds.</summary>
-internal readonly record struct TextureContentIdentity(
-    ulong Address,
-    uint Width,
-    uint Height,
-    uint Format,
-    uint NumberType,
-    uint DstSelect,
-    uint TileMode,
-    uint Pitch,
-    GuestSampler Sampler,
-    bool Arrayed = false,
-    uint ArrayLayers = 1);
-
 internal sealed record GuestMemoryBuffer(
     ulong BaseAddress,
     byte[] Data,
@@ -143,22 +122,12 @@ internal readonly record struct GuestBlendState(
         WriteMask: 0xFu);
 }
 
-/// <summary>CB_BLEND_RED..ALPHA: the constant color referenced by the
-/// CONSTANT_COLOR / CONSTANT_ALPHA blend factors. One constant serves every
-/// render target of a draw; the hardware reset value is transparent black.</summary>
-internal readonly record struct GuestBlendConstant(
-    float Red,
-    float Green,
-    float Blue,
-    float Alpha);
-
 internal sealed record GuestRenderState(
     IReadOnlyList<GuestBlendState> Blends,
     GuestRect? Scissor,
     GuestViewport? Viewport,
     GuestRasterState Raster,
-    GuestDepthState Depth,
+    GuestDepthState Depth)
-    GuestBlendConstant BlendConstant = default)
 {
     public static GuestRenderState Default { get; } = new(
         [GuestBlendState.Default],

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/IGuestGpuBackend.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
@@ -18,10 +17,6 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
 /// </summary>
 internal interface IGuestGpuBackend
 {
-    /// <summary>Human-readable name of this backend ("Metal", "Vulkan"), shown in
-    /// the window title on macOS where either backend can run.</summary>
-    string BackendName { get; }
-
     /// <summary>Starts the presenter (window + device) once; safe to call repeatedly.</summary>
     void EnsureStarted(uint width, uint height);
 
@@ -193,70 +188,4 @@ internal interface IGuestGpuBackend
     /// the guest codes cross the seam and each backend maps them internally.
     /// </summary>
     bool TryGetRenderTargetOutputKind(uint dataFormat, uint numberType, out Gen5PixelOutputKind outputKind);
-
-    // Guest work ordering. AGC submissions execute on a single backend consumer in
-    // logical guest-queue order; sequences returned here are backend work tickets.
-    // A backend without a running presenter returns 0 from the Submit* methods and
-    // callers fall back to executing inline.
-
-    /// <summary>Scopes subsequent submissions on this thread to a named guest queue.</summary>
-    IDisposable EnterGuestQueue(string queueName, ulong submissionId);
-
-    /// <summary>Enqueues an action at its exact position in the current guest queue;
-    /// returns its work sequence, or 0 when nothing could be enqueued.</summary>
-    long SubmitOrderedGuestAction(Action action, string debugName);
-
-    /// <summary>Preserves sceAgcDcbWaitUntilSafeForRendering in queue order.</summary>
-    long SubmitOrderedGuestFlipWait(int videoOutHandle, int displayBufferIndex);
-
-    /// <summary>Blocks until the given work sequence completes; false on timeout,
-    /// close, or a non-positive sequence.</summary>
-    bool WaitForGuestWork(long workSequence, int timeoutMilliseconds = Timeout.Infinite);
-
-    /// <summary>Sequence currently executing on the guest-work consumer; diagnostics only.</summary>
-    long CurrentGuestWorkSequenceForDiagnostics { get; }
-
-    // Guest image lifecycle beyond presentation: CPU-visible seeding, writes, and
-    // extent queries the AGC layer uses to keep guest memory and backend images
-    // coherent. Addresses and formats are always raw guest values.
-
-    /// <summary>Whether the image exists on the backend or an already-queued upload
-    /// owns its initialization (a pending image may skip a duplicate upload but is
-    /// not yet a valid flip source).</summary>
-    bool IsGuestImageUploadKnown(ulong address, uint format, uint numberType);
-
-    /// <summary>True when the first draw into this address must seed the backend
-    /// image from guest memory (PS5 render targets alias guest memory, so
-    /// CPU-prefilled pixels are visible before the first draw).</summary>
-    bool GuestImageWantsInitialData(ulong address);
-
-    void ProvideGuestImageInitialData(ulong address, byte[] rgbaPixels);
-
-    void SubmitGuestImageFill(ulong address, uint fillValue);
-
-    void SubmitGuestImageWrite(ulong address, byte[] pixels);
-
-    bool TryGetGuestImageExtent(ulong address, out uint width, out uint height, out ulong byteCount);
-
-    IReadOnlyList<(ulong Address, uint Width, uint Height, ulong ByteCount)> GetGuestImageExtents();
-
-    /// <summary>Whether the backend's texture cache already holds this content; lets
-    /// the AGC layer skip copying texels out of guest memory on every draw.</summary>
-    bool IsTextureContentCached(in TextureContentIdentity identity);
-
-    /// <summary>Guest memory handle for backend self-healing (cache misses re-read
-    /// texels directly instead of showing a fallback pattern).</summary>
-    void AttachGuestMemory(ICpuMemory memory);
-
-    /// <summary>Alignment the AGC layer must apply to storage-buffer offsets before
-    /// they cross the seam.</summary>
-    ulong GuestStorageBufferOffsetAlignment { get; }
-
-    /// <summary>Counts a guest shader translation for the perf overlay.</summary>
-    void CountShaderCompilation();
-
-    (long Draws, double DrawMs, long Pipelines, long ShaderCompilations) ReadAndResetPerfCounters();
-
-    /// <summary>Asks a running presenter to close its window.</summary>
-    void RequestClose();
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalCompiledGuestShader.cs

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Text;
-using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// The Metal backend's compiled shader: MSL source plus the reflection data
-/// (<see cref="Gen5MslShader"/>) the presenter needs to create and bind pipeline
-/// states. The diagnostics payload is the source text — Metal has no portable
-/// binary form until an MTLBinaryArchive is introduced.
-/// </summary>
-internal sealed class MetalCompiledGuestShader(Gen5MslShader shader) : IGuestCompiledShader
-{
-    private byte[]? _payload;
-
-    public Gen5MslShader Shader { get; } = shader;
-
-    /// <summary>MTLLibrary handle cached by the presenter after the first
-    /// runtime compile; the render loop is its only reader and writer.</summary>
-    internal nint CachedLibrary;
-
-    public byte[] Payload => _payload ??= Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Shader.Source);
-
-    public string PayloadFileExtension => "msl";
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalGuestFormats.cs

@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// MTLPixelFormat raw values — only the formats the backend maps. Declared here
-/// rather than pulled from a binding package: the Metal backend talks to the OS
-/// exclusively through objc_msgSend, so ABI constants are owned locally.
-/// </summary>
-internal enum MtlPixelFormat : uint
-{
-    Invalid = 0,
-    R8Unorm = 10,
-    R8Snorm = 12,
-    R8Uint = 13,
-    R8Sint = 14,
-    R16Unorm = 20,
-    R16Snorm = 22,
-    R16Uint = 23,
-    R16Sint = 24,
-    R16Float = 25,
-    Rg8Unorm = 30,
-    Rg8Snorm = 32,
-    Rg8Uint = 33,
-    Rg8Sint = 34,
-    B5G6R5Unorm = 40,
-    R32Uint = 53,
-    R32Sint = 54,
-    R32Float = 55,
-    Rg16Unorm = 60,
-    Rg16Uint = 63,
-    Rg16Sint = 64,
-    Rg16Float = 65,
-    Rgba8Unorm = 70,
-    Rgba8UnormSrgb = 71,
-    Rgba8Uint = 73,
-    Rgba8Sint = 74,
-    Bgra8Unorm = 80,
-    Bgra8UnormSrgb = 81,
-    Rgb10A2Unorm = 90,
-    Rg11B10Float = 92,
-    Rgb9E5Float = 93,
-    Bgr10A2Unorm = 94,
-    Rg32Uint = 103,
-    Rg32Sint = 104,
-    Rg32Float = 105,
-    Rgba16Unorm = 110,
-    Rgba16Uint = 113,
-    Rgba16Sint = 114,
-    Rgba16Float = 115,
-    Rgba32Uint = 123,
-    Rgba32Sint = 124,
-    Rgba32Float = 125,
-    Bc1Rgba = 130,
-    Bc1RgbaSrgb = 131,
-    Bc2Rgba = 132,
-    Bc2RgbaSrgb = 133,
-    Bc3Rgba = 134,
-    Bc3RgbaSrgb = 135,
-    Bc4RUnorm = 140,
-    Bc4RSnorm = 141,
-    Bc5RgUnorm = 142,
-    Bc5RgSnorm = 143,
-    Bc6HRgbFloat = 150,
-    Bc6HRgbUfloat = 151,
-    Bc7RgbaUnorm = 152,
-    Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb = 153,
-    Depth32Float = 252,
-}
-
-/// <summary>A sampled-texture format: the Metal pixel format plus the byte
-/// layout the upload path needs. <see cref="BlockBytes"/> is nonzero for
-/// block-compressed formats (bytes per 4x4 block); otherwise
-/// <see cref="BytesPerPixel"/> applies.</summary>
-internal readonly record struct MetalTextureFormat(
-    MtlPixelFormat Format,
-    uint BytesPerPixel,
-    uint BlockBytes)
-{
-    public bool IsBlockCompressed => BlockBytes != 0;
-}
-
-internal readonly record struct MetalRenderTargetFormat(
-    MtlPixelFormat Format,
-    Gen5PixelOutputKind OutputKind)
-{
-    public static uint GetBytesPerPixel(MtlPixelFormat format) =>
-        format switch
-        {
-            MtlPixelFormat.R8Unorm or MtlPixelFormat.R8Uint => 1,
-            MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Unorm => 2,
-            MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Float => 8,
-            MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Unorm or MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Uint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Sint or MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Float => 8,
-            MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Float => 16,
-            _ => 4,
-        };
-}
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Guest texture-descriptor codes to Metal formats, mirroring the Vulkan
-/// backend's table case for case so both backends accept the same guest
-/// formats. Guest format 9 (2:10:10:10) maps to BGR10A2 — the bit layout that
-/// matches Vulkan's A2R10G10B10 pack.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class MetalGuestFormats
-{
-    /// <summary>Guest sampled-texture format to Metal, mirroring the Vulkan
-    /// backend's GetTextureFormat case for case (including its RGBA8 fallback
-    /// for unmapped codes, so unknown formats render something rather than
-    /// nothing). BC formats upload raw blocks — Mac-family GPUs decode them
-    /// natively.</summary>
-    public static MetalTextureFormat DecodeTextureFormat(uint dataFormat, uint numberType)
-    {
-        var format = (dataFormat, numberType) switch
-        {
-            (1, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.R8Unorm,
-            (1, 1) => MtlPixelFormat.R8Snorm,
-            (1, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.R8Uint,
-            (1, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.R8Sint,
-            (2, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.R16Unorm,
-            (2, 1) => MtlPixelFormat.R16Snorm,
-            (2, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.R16Uint,
-            (2, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.R16Sint,
-            (2, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.R16Float,
-            (3, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Unorm,
-            (3, 1) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Snorm,
-            (3, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Uint,
-            (3, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Sint,
-            (4, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Uint,
-            (4, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Sint,
-            (4, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Float,
-            (5, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Unorm,
-            (5, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Uint,
-            (5, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Sint,
-            (5, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Float,
-            (6, 7) or (7, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg11B10Float,
-            (8, _) or (9, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bgr10A2Unorm,
-            (10, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Uint,
-            (10, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Sint,
-            (10, 9) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8UnormSrgb,
-            (11, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Uint,
-            (11, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Sint,
-            (11, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Float,
-            (12, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Unorm,
-            (12, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Uint,
-            (12, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Sint,
-            (12, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Float,
-            (13, 4) or (14, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Uint,
-            (13, 5) or (14, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Sint,
-            (13, _) or (14, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Float,
-            (16, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.B5G6R5Unorm,
-            (34, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgb9E5Float,
-            (169, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc1Rgba,
-            (170, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc1RgbaSrgb,
-            (171, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc2Rgba,
-            (172, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc2RgbaSrgb,
-            (173, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc3Rgba,
-            (174, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc3RgbaSrgb,
-            (175, 1) or (176, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc4RSnorm,
-            (175, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc4RUnorm,
-            (177, 1) or (178, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc5RgSnorm,
-            (177, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc5RgUnorm,
-            (179, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc6HRgbUfloat,
-            (180, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc6HRgbFloat,
-            (181, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc7RgbaUnorm,
-            (182, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb,
-            _ => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Unorm,
-        };
-
-        var blockBytes = format switch
-        {
-            MtlPixelFormat.Bc1Rgba or MtlPixelFormat.Bc1RgbaSrgb or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Bc4RUnorm or MtlPixelFormat.Bc4RSnorm => 8u,
-            MtlPixelFormat.Bc2Rgba or MtlPixelFormat.Bc2RgbaSrgb or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Bc3Rgba or MtlPixelFormat.Bc3RgbaSrgb or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Bc5RgUnorm or MtlPixelFormat.Bc5RgSnorm or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Bc6HRgbFloat or MtlPixelFormat.Bc6HRgbUfloat or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Bc7RgbaUnorm or MtlPixelFormat.Bc7RgbaUnormSrgb => 16u,
-            _ => 0u,
-        };
-
-        var bytesPerPixel = format switch
-        {
-            MtlPixelFormat.R8Unorm or MtlPixelFormat.R8Snorm or
-                MtlPixelFormat.R8Uint or MtlPixelFormat.R8Sint => 1u,
-            MtlPixelFormat.R16Unorm or MtlPixelFormat.R16Snorm or
-                MtlPixelFormat.R16Uint or MtlPixelFormat.R16Sint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.R16Float or MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Unorm or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Snorm or MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Uint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Sint or MtlPixelFormat.B5G6R5Unorm => 2u,
-            MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Uint or MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Sint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Float or MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Unorm or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Uint or MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Sint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Float => 8u,
-            MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Uint or MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Sint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Float => 16u,
-            _ => 4u,
-        };
-
-        return new MetalTextureFormat(format, bytesPerPixel, blockBytes);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Source byte footprint of a sampled texture, block-aware —
-    /// the same math the AGC layer uses to size the texel copy it ships.</summary>
-    public static ulong GetTextureByteCount(in MetalTextureFormat format, uint width, uint height) =>
-        format.IsBlockCompressed
-            ? checked(((ulong)width + 3) / 4 * (((ulong)height + 3) / 4) * format.BlockBytes)
-            : checked((ulong)width * height * format.BytesPerPixel);
-
-    public static bool TryDecodeRenderTargetFormat(
-        uint dataFormat,
-        uint numberType,
-        out MetalRenderTargetFormat result)
-    {
-        var format = (dataFormat, numberType) switch
-        {
-            (4, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Uint,
-            (4, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Sint,
-            (4, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Float,
-            (5, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Uint,
-            (5, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Sint,
-            (5, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Float,
-            (6, 7) or (7, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg11B10Float,
-            (9, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Bgr10A2Unorm,
-            (10, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Uint,
-            (10, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Sint,
-            (10, 9) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8UnormSrgb,
-            (10, _) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Unorm,
-            (11, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Float,
-            (12, 4) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Uint,
-            (12, 5) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Sint,
-            (12, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Float,
-            (13, 7) or (14, 7) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Float,
-            (20, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Uint,
-            (29, 0) or (4, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.R32Float,
-            (1, 0) or (36, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.R8Unorm,
-            (49, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.R8Uint,
-            (3, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg8Unorm,
-            (5, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Unorm,
-            (7, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg11B10Float,
-            (12, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Unorm,
-            (13, 0) or (14, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba32Float,
-            (22, 0) or (71, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Float,
-            (56, 0) or (62, 0) or (64, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Unorm,
-            (75, 0) => MtlPixelFormat.Rg32Float,
-            _ => MtlPixelFormat.Invalid,
-        };
-
-        if (format == MtlPixelFormat.Invalid)
-        {
-            result = default;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        var outputKind = format switch
-        {
-            MtlPixelFormat.R8Uint or MtlPixelFormat.R32Uint or MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Uint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Uint or MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Uint => Gen5PixelOutputKind.Uint,
-            MtlPixelFormat.R32Sint or MtlPixelFormat.Rg16Sint or MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Sint or
-                MtlPixelFormat.Rgba16Sint => Gen5PixelOutputKind.Sint,
-            _ => Gen5PixelOutputKind.Float,
-        };
-        result = new MetalRenderTargetFormat(format, outputKind);
-        return true;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalGuestGpuBackend.cs

@@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
-using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Metal backend for the guest-GPU seam: MSL codegen via
-/// SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal, rendering via the Metal presenter — the full
-/// surface (presentation, guest images, ordered flips, translated draws, and
-/// compute) with no Vulkan, MoltenVK, or windowing-library dependency.
-/// </summary>
-internal sealed class MetalGuestGpuBackend : IGuestGpuBackend
-{
-    public string BackendName => "Metal";
-
-    private static readonly IGuestCompiledShader DepthOnlyFragmentShader =
-        new MetalCompiledGuestShader(new Gen5MslShader(
-            MslFixedShaders.CreateDepthOnlyFragment(),
-            "depth_only_fs",
-            Gen5MslStage.Pixel,
-            [],
-            [],
-            AttributeCount: 0,
-            []));
-
-    public bool TryCompileVertexShader(
-        Gen5ShaderState state,
-        Gen5ShaderEvaluation evaluation,
-        out IGuestCompiledShader? shader,
-        out string error,
-        int globalBufferBase = 0,
-        int totalGlobalBufferCount = -1,
-        int imageBindingBase = 0,
-        int scalarRegisterBufferIndex = -1,
-        int requiredVertexOutputCount = 0,
-        ulong storageBufferOffsetAlignment = 1)
-    {
-        shader = null;
-        if (!Gen5MslTranslator.TryCompileVertexShader(
-                state,
-                evaluation,
-                out var compiled,
-                out error,
-                globalBufferBase,
-                totalGlobalBufferCount,
-                imageBindingBase,
-                scalarRegisterBufferIndex,
-                requiredVertexOutputCount,
-                storageBufferOffsetAlignment))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        shader = new MetalCompiledGuestShader(compiled);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public bool TryCompilePixelShader(
-        Gen5ShaderState state,
-        Gen5ShaderEvaluation evaluation,
-        IReadOnlyList<Gen5PixelOutputBinding> outputs,
-        out IGuestCompiledShader? shader,
-        out string error,
-        int globalBufferBase = 0,
-        int totalGlobalBufferCount = -1,
-        int imageBindingBase = 0,
-        int scalarRegisterBufferIndex = -1,
-        uint pixelInputEnable = 0,
-        uint pixelInputAddress = 0,
-        ulong storageBufferOffsetAlignment = 1)
-    {
-        shader = null;
-        if (!Gen5MslTranslator.TryCompilePixelShader(
-                state,
-                evaluation,
-                outputs,
-                out var compiled,
-                out error,
-                globalBufferBase,
-                totalGlobalBufferCount,
-                imageBindingBase,
-                scalarRegisterBufferIndex,
-                pixelInputEnable,
-                pixelInputAddress,
-                storageBufferOffsetAlignment))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        shader = new MetalCompiledGuestShader(compiled);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public bool TryCompileComputeShader(
-        Gen5ShaderState state,
-        Gen5ShaderEvaluation evaluation,
-        uint localSizeX,
-        uint localSizeY,
-        uint localSizeZ,
-        out IGuestCompiledShader? shader,
-        out string error,
-        int totalGlobalBufferCount = -1,
-        int initialScalarBufferIndex = -1,
-        uint waveLaneCount = 32,
-        ulong storageBufferOffsetAlignment = 1)
-    {
-        shader = null;
-        // Wave64 compute is emulated by the translator: cross-lane ops bridge
-        // the two 32-wide Apple simdgroups of a guest wave through threadgroup
-        // scratch, and wave-agnostic kernels run per-thread unchanged.
-        if (!Gen5MslTranslator.TryCompileComputeShader(
-                state,
-                evaluation,
-                localSizeX,
-                localSizeY,
-                localSizeZ,
-                out var compiled,
-                out error,
-                totalGlobalBufferCount,
-                initialScalarBufferIndex,
-                waveLaneCount,
-                storageBufferOffsetAlignment))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        shader = new MetalCompiledGuestShader(compiled);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public IGuestCompiledShader GetDepthOnlyFragmentShader() =>
-        DepthOnlyFragmentShader;
-
-    public bool TryGetRenderTargetOutputKind(uint dataFormat, uint numberType, out Gen5PixelOutputKind outputKind)
-    {
-        if (MetalGuestFormats.TryDecodeRenderTargetFormat(dataFormat, numberType, out var format))
-        {
-            outputKind = format.OutputKind;
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        outputKind = default;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    public void EnsureStarted(uint width, uint height) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.EnsureStarted(width, height);
-
-    public void HideSplashScreen() =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.HideSplashScreen();
-
-    public void Submit(byte[] bgraFrame, uint width, uint height) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.Submit(bgraFrame, width, height);
-
-    public bool TrySubmitGuestImage(
-        ulong address,
-        uint width,
-        uint height,
-        uint pitchInPixel) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.TrySubmitGuestImage(address, width, height, pitchInPixel);
-
-    public bool TrySubmitOrderedGuestImageFlip(
-        int videoOutHandle,
-        int displayBufferIndex,
-        ulong address,
-        uint width,
-        uint height,
-        uint pitchInPixel) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.TrySubmitOrderedGuestImageFlip(
-            videoOutHandle,
-            displayBufferIndex,
-            address,
-            width,
-            height,
-            pitchInPixel);
-
-    public void RegisterKnownDisplayBuffer(ulong address, uint guestFormat) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.RegisterKnownDisplayBuffer(address, guestFormat);
-
-    public bool IsGpuGuestImageAvailable(ulong address, uint format, uint numberType) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.IsGuestImageAvailable(address, format, numberType);
-
-    public bool TrySubmitGuestImageBlit(
-        ulong sourceAddress,
-        uint sourceWidth,
-        uint sourceHeight,
-        uint sourceFormat,
-        uint sourceNumberType,
-        ulong destinationAddress,
-        uint destinationWidth,
-        uint destinationHeight,
-        uint destinationFormat,
-        uint destinationNumberType) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.TrySubmitGuestImageBlit(
-            sourceAddress,
-            sourceWidth,
-            sourceHeight,
-            sourceFormat,
-            sourceNumberType,
-            destinationAddress,
-            destinationWidth,
-            destinationHeight,
-            destinationFormat,
-            destinationNumberType);
-
-    public void SubmitGuestDraw(GuestDrawKind drawKind, uint width, uint height) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitGuestDraw(drawKind, width, height);
-
-    public void SubmitTranslatedDraw(
-        IGuestCompiledShader pixelShader,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestDrawTexture> textures,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestMemoryBuffer> globalMemoryBuffers,
-        uint width,
-        uint height,
-        uint attributeCount,
-        IGuestCompiledShader? vertexShader = null,
-        uint vertexCount = 3,
-        uint instanceCount = 1,
-        uint primitiveType = 4,
-        GuestIndexBuffer? indexBuffer = null,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestVertexBuffer>? vertexBuffers = null,
-        GuestRenderState? renderState = null) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitTranslatedDraw(
-            Msl(pixelShader),
-            textures,
-            globalMemoryBuffers,
-            width,
-            height,
-            attributeCount,
-            vertexShader is null ? null : Msl(vertexShader),
-            vertexCount,
-            instanceCount,
-            primitiveType,
-            indexBuffer,
-            vertexBuffers,
-            renderState);
-
-    public void SubmitDepthOnlyTranslatedDraw(
-        IGuestCompiledShader pixelShader,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestDrawTexture> textures,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestMemoryBuffer> globalMemoryBuffers,
-        uint attributeCount,
-        GuestDepthTarget depthTarget,
-        IGuestCompiledShader? vertexShader = null,
-        uint vertexCount = 3,
-        uint instanceCount = 1,
-        uint primitiveType = 4,
-        GuestIndexBuffer? indexBuffer = null,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestVertexBuffer>? vertexBuffers = null,
-        GuestRenderState? renderState = null,
-        ulong shaderAddress = 0) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitDepthOnlyTranslatedDraw(
-            Msl(pixelShader),
-            textures,
-            globalMemoryBuffers,
-            attributeCount,
-            depthTarget,
-            vertexShader is null ? null : Msl(vertexShader),
-            vertexCount,
-            instanceCount,
-            primitiveType,
-            indexBuffer,
-            vertexBuffers,
-            renderState,
-            shaderAddress);
-
-    public void SubmitOffscreenTranslatedDraw(
-        IGuestCompiledShader pixelShader,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestDrawTexture> textures,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestMemoryBuffer> globalMemoryBuffers,
-        uint attributeCount,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestRenderTarget> targets,
-        IGuestCompiledShader? vertexShader = null,
-        uint vertexCount = 3,
-        uint instanceCount = 1,
-        uint primitiveType = 4,
-        GuestIndexBuffer? indexBuffer = null,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestVertexBuffer>? vertexBuffers = null,
-        GuestRenderState? renderState = null,
-        GuestDepthTarget? depthTarget = null,
-        ulong shaderAddress = 0) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitOffscreenTranslatedDraw(
-            Msl(pixelShader),
-            textures,
-            globalMemoryBuffers,
-            attributeCount,
-            targets,
-            vertexShader is null ? null : Msl(vertexShader),
-            vertexCount,
-            instanceCount,
-            primitiveType,
-            indexBuffer,
-            vertexBuffers,
-            renderState,
-            depthTarget,
-            shaderAddress);
-
-    public void SubmitStorageTranslatedDraw(
-        IGuestCompiledShader pixelShader,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestDrawTexture> textures,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestMemoryBuffer> globalMemoryBuffers,
-        uint attributeCount,
-        uint width,
-        uint height,
-        ulong shaderAddress = 0) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitStorageTranslatedDraw(
-            Msl(pixelShader),
-            textures,
-            globalMemoryBuffers,
-            attributeCount,
-            width,
-            height,
-            shaderAddress);
-
-    private static MetalCompiledGuestShader Msl(IGuestCompiledShader shader) =>
-        shader as MetalCompiledGuestShader ??
-        throw new InvalidOperationException(
-            $"shader handle of type {shader.GetType().Name} was not compiled by the Metal backend");
-
-    public long SubmitComputeDispatch(
-        ulong shaderAddress,
-        IGuestCompiledShader computeShader,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestDrawTexture> textures,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestMemoryBuffer> globalMemoryBuffers,
-        uint groupCountX,
-        uint groupCountY,
-        uint groupCountZ,
-        uint baseGroupX,
-        uint baseGroupY,
-        uint baseGroupZ,
-        uint localSizeX,
-        uint localSizeY,
-        uint localSizeZ,
-        bool isIndirect,
-        bool writesGlobalMemory,
-        uint threadCountX = uint.MaxValue,
-        uint threadCountY = uint.MaxValue,
-        uint threadCountZ = uint.MaxValue)
-    {
-        // The translated kernel bakes its threadgroup size; localSize and
-        // isIndirect are already folded in by the AGC layer before submission.
-        _ = localSizeX;
-        _ = localSizeY;
-        _ = localSizeZ;
-        _ = isIndirect;
-        return MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitComputeDispatch(
-            shaderAddress,
-            Msl(computeShader),
-            textures,
-            globalMemoryBuffers,
-            groupCountX,
-            groupCountY,
-            groupCountZ,
-            baseGroupX,
-            baseGroupY,
-            baseGroupZ,
-            writesGlobalMemory,
-            threadCountX,
-            threadCountY,
-            threadCountZ);
-    }
-
-    private long _perfShaderCompilations;
-
-    public IDisposable EnterGuestQueue(string queueName, ulong submissionId) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.EnterGuestQueue(queueName, submissionId);
-
-    public long SubmitOrderedGuestAction(Action action, string debugName) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitOrderedGuestAction(action, debugName);
-
-    public long SubmitOrderedGuestFlipWait(int videoOutHandle, int displayBufferIndex) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitOrderedGuestFlipWait(videoOutHandle, displayBufferIndex);
-
-    public bool WaitForGuestWork(long workSequence, int timeoutMilliseconds = Timeout.Infinite) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.WaitForGuestWork(workSequence, timeoutMilliseconds);
-
-    public long CurrentGuestWorkSequenceForDiagnostics =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.CurrentGuestWorkSequenceForDiagnostics;
-
-    public bool IsGuestImageUploadKnown(ulong address, uint format, uint numberType) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.IsGuestImageUploadKnown(address, format, numberType);
-
-    public bool GuestImageWantsInitialData(ulong address) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.GuestImageWantsInitialData(address);
-
-    public void ProvideGuestImageInitialData(ulong address, byte[] rgbaPixels) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.ProvideGuestImageInitialData(address, rgbaPixels);
-
-    public void SubmitGuestImageFill(ulong address, uint fillValue) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitGuestImageFill(address, fillValue);
-
-    public void SubmitGuestImageWrite(ulong address, byte[] pixels) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.SubmitGuestImageWrite(address, pixels);
-
-    public bool TryGetGuestImageExtent(ulong address, out uint width, out uint height, out ulong byteCount) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.TryGetGuestImageExtent(address, out width, out height, out byteCount);
-
-    public IReadOnlyList<(ulong Address, uint Width, uint Height, ulong ByteCount)> GetGuestImageExtents() =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.GetGuestImageExtents();
-
-    public bool IsTextureContentCached(in TextureContentIdentity identity) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.IsTextureContentCached(identity);
-
-    public void AttachGuestMemory(SharpEmu.HLE.ICpuMemory memory) =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.AttachGuestMemory(memory);
-
-    // Over-alignment is always valid, and 256 covers every Metal buffer-offset
-    // requirement (Intel Macs need 256 for constant buffers; Apple GPUs less).
-    public ulong GuestStorageBufferOffsetAlignment => 256;
-
-    public void CountShaderCompilation() =>
-        Interlocked.Increment(ref _perfShaderCompilations);
-
-    public (long Draws, double DrawMs, long Pipelines, long ShaderCompilations) ReadAndResetPerfCounters()
-    {
-        var (draws, drawMs, pipelines) = MetalVideoPresenter.ReadAndResetDrawPerfCounters();
-        return (draws, drawMs, pipelines, Interlocked.Exchange(ref _perfShaderCompilations, 0));
-    }
-
-    public void RequestClose() =>
-        MetalVideoPresenter.RequestClose();
-
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalHostInput.cs

@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host;
-using SharpEmu.HLE.Host.Posix;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Keyboard state sampled from the Metal presenter's window, feeding the POSIX
-/// host input seam so pad emulation works like the Vulkan presenter's
-/// HostWindowInput. Key events arrive on the AppKit main thread as macOS
-/// virtual key codes; pad reads happen on guest threads, so state is guarded.
-/// Window gamepads are not surfaced by AppKit — controller support would go
-/// through GameController.framework and is out of scope here.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class MetalHostInput
-{
-    private static readonly object Gate = new();
-    private static readonly HashSet<ushort> Pressed = new();
-    private static volatile bool _connected;
-
-    /// <summary>Registers this window's keyboard as the host input source.</summary>
-    public static void Attach()
-    {
-        _connected = true;
-        PosixHostInput.SetSource(new MetalWindowInputSource());
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("[LOADER][INFO] Window keyboard input attached for pad emulation.");
-    }
-
-    // Debug automation: SHARPEMU_METAL_AUTOKEY="12:0x24,15:0x24" presses the
-    // macOS key code at each elapsed-seconds mark for a few frames, letting
-    // headless test runs navigate menus without a human at the keyboard.
-    private static readonly List<(double At, ushort Key, bool[] State)> _autoKeys = ParseAutoKeys();
-    private static readonly System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch _autoKeyClock =
-        System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
-
-    private static List<(double, ushort, bool[])> ParseAutoKeys()
-    {
-        var keys = new List<(double, ushort, bool[])>();
-        var spec = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_METAL_AUTOKEY");
-        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(spec))
-        {
-            return keys;
-        }
-
-        foreach (var entry in spec.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
-        {
-            var parts = entry.Split(':');
-            if (parts.Length == 2 &&
-                double.TryParse(parts[0], out var at) &&
-                TryParseKeyCode(parts[1], out var key))
-            {
-                keys.Add((at, key, new bool[2]));
-            }
-        }
-
-        return keys;
-    }
-
-    private static bool TryParseKeyCode(string text, out ushort key)
-    {
-        return text.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-            ? ushort.TryParse(text[2..], System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out key)
-            : ushort.TryParse(text, out key);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Called once per render frame; fires and releases scripted keys.</summary>
-    public static void PumpAutoKeys()
-    {
-        if (_autoKeys.Count == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var elapsed = _autoKeyClock.Elapsed.TotalSeconds;
-        foreach (var (at, key, state) in _autoKeys)
-        {
-            if (!state[0] && elapsed >= at)
-            {
-                state[0] = true;
-                KeyDown(key, isRepeat: false);
-                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][INFO] Metal autokey press 0x{key:X} at {elapsed:F1}s");
-            }
-            else if (state[0] && !state[1] && elapsed >= at + 0.2)
-            {
-                state[1] = true;
-                KeyUp(key);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void KeyDown(ushort keyCode, bool isRepeat)
-    {
-        // kVK_F1: parity with the Vulkan window's perf-overlay toggle.
-        if (keyCode == 0x7A && !isRepeat)
-        {
-            VideoOut.PerfOverlay.Toggle();
-        }
-
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            Pressed.Add(keyCode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void KeyUp(ushort keyCode)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            Pressed.Remove(keyCode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static bool IsKeyCodeDown(ushort keyCode)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            return Pressed.Contains(keyCode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private sealed class MetalWindowInputSource : IPosixWindowInputSource
-    {
-        public bool HasKeyboardFocus => _connected;
-
-        public bool IsKeyDown(int virtualKey) =>
-            TryMapVirtualKey(virtualKey, out var keyCode) && IsKeyCodeDown(keyCode);
-
-        public int GetGamepadStates(Span<HostGamepadState> destination) => 0;
-
-        public string? DescribeConnectedGamepad() => null;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Windows virtual-key semantics (the seam's contract) to macOS
-    /// kVK virtual key codes, covering the keys pad emulation polls.</summary>
-    private static bool TryMapVirtualKey(int vk, out ushort keyCode)
-    {
-        keyCode = vk switch
-        {
-            0x08 => 0x33, // Backspace -> kVK_Delete
-            0x09 => 0x30, // Tab
-            0x0D => 0x24, // Enter -> kVK_Return
-            0x1B => 0x35, // Escape
-            0x20 => 0x31, // Space
-            0x25 => 0x7B, // Left
-            0x26 => 0x7E, // Up
-            0x27 => 0x7C, // Right
-            0x28 => 0x7D, // Down
-            // Letters: macOS ANSI key codes are layout-position based and
-            // non-contiguous, so map each polled letter explicitly.
-            0x41 => 0x00, // A
-            0x42 => 0x0B, // B
-            0x43 => 0x08, // C
-            0x44 => 0x02, // D
-            0x45 => 0x0E, // E
-            0x46 => 0x03, // F
-            0x47 => 0x05, // G
-            0x48 => 0x04, // H
-            0x49 => 0x22, // I
-            0x4A => 0x26, // J
-            0x4B => 0x28, // K
-            0x4C => 0x25, // L
-            0x4D => 0x2E, // M
-            0x4E => 0x2D, // N
-            0x4F => 0x1F, // O
-            0x50 => 0x23, // P
-            0x51 => 0x0C, // Q
-            0x52 => 0x0F, // R
-            0x53 => 0x01, // S
-            0x54 => 0x11, // T
-            0x55 => 0x20, // U
-            0x56 => 0x09, // V
-            0x57 => 0x0D, // W
-            0x58 => 0x07, // X
-            0x59 => 0x10, // Y
-            0x5A => 0x06, // Z
-            _ => ushort.MaxValue,
-        };
-        return keyCode != ushort.MaxValue;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalNative.cs

@@ -1,430 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-// Core Graphics / Metal ABI structs passed by value through objc_msgSend. Struct
-// *returns* are deliberately never used: on x86-64 (this process runs under Rosetta
-// on Apple silicon) large struct returns switch to objc_msgSend_stret, and avoiding
-// them entirely keeps one calling convention everywhere.
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct CGRect
-{
-    public double X;
-    public double Y;
-    public double Width;
-    public double Height;
-}
-
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct CGSize
-{
-    public double Width;
-    public double Height;
-}
-
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct MtlClearColor
-{
-    public double Red;
-    public double Green;
-    public double Blue;
-    public double Alpha;
-}
-
-/// <summary>MTLTextureSwizzleChannels: one MTLTextureSwizzle byte per output
-/// channel (Zero=0, One=1, Red=2, Green=3, Blue=4, Alpha=5).</summary>
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct MtlTextureSwizzleChannels
-{
-    public byte Red;
-    public byte Green;
-    public byte Blue;
-    public byte Alpha;
-}
-
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct MtlRegion
-{
-    public nuint X;
-    public nuint Y;
-    public nuint Z;
-    public nuint Width;
-    public nuint Height;
-    public nuint Depth;
-}
-
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct MtlSize
-{
-    public nuint Width;
-    public nuint Height;
-    public nuint Depth;
-}
-
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct MtlOrigin
-{
-    public nuint X;
-    public nuint Y;
-    public nuint Z;
-}
-
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct MtlScissorRect
-{
-    public nuint X;
-    public nuint Y;
-    public nuint Width;
-    public nuint Height;
-}
-
-[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
-internal struct MtlViewport
-{
-    public double OriginX;
-    public double OriginY;
-    public double Width;
-    public double Height;
-    public double ZNear;
-    public double ZFar;
-}
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Objective-C runtime access for the Metal presenter: AppKit, QuartzCore, and Metal
-/// through objc_msgSend, with one LibraryImport overload per distinct native
-/// signature. Dependency-free by design — this plus the OS frameworks is the entire
-/// Metal path, which is what keeps it NativeAOT-clean.
-/// </summary>
-internal static partial class MetalNative
-{
-    private const string CoreFoundation =
-        "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation";
-
-    [LibraryImport(CoreFoundation)]
-    public static partial nint CFRunLoopGetMain();
-
-    [LibraryImport(CoreFoundation)]
-    public static partial void CFRunLoopStop(nint runLoop);
-
-    private const string ObjCLibrary = "/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib";
-    private const string MetalFramework = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Metal.framework/Metal";
-    private const string AppKitFramework = "/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/AppKit";
-    private const string QuartzCoreFramework = "/System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/QuartzCore";
-
-    private static bool _frameworksLoaded;
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Makes the AppKit and QuartzCore classes visible to objc_getClass; Metal is
-    /// pulled in by its own LibraryImport. Call once before any Class() lookup.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static void EnsureFrameworksLoaded()
-    {
-        if (_frameworksLoaded)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        NativeLibrary.Load(AppKitFramework);
-        NativeLibrary.Load(QuartzCoreFramework);
-        _frameworksLoaded = true;
-    }
-
-    [LibraryImport(MetalFramework)]
-    public static partial nint MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf8)]
-    private static partial nint objc_getClass(string name);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf8)]
-    private static partial nint sel_registerName(string name);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf8)]
-    public static partial nint objc_allocateClassPair(nint superclass, string name, nuint extraBytes);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary)]
-    public static partial void objc_registerClassPair(nint cls);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf8)]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
-    public static partial bool class_addMethod(nint cls, nint name, nint imp, string types);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary)]
-    public static partial nint objc_autoreleasePoolPush();
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary)]
-    public static partial void objc_autoreleasePoolPop(nint pool);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint Send(nint receiver, nint selector);
-
-    /// <summary>objc_msgSend for -gpuResourceID. MTLResourceID is a one-field
-    /// 8-byte struct, returned in a register on the x86-64 ABI, so it maps to a
-    /// ulong return — the value written into a Tier 2 argument buffer slot.</summary>
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial ulong SendGpuResourceId(nint receiver, nint selector);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint Send(nint receiver, nint selector, nint argument);
-
-
-    /// <summary>objc_msgSend for a CGRect-returning selector (e.g. -bounds).
-    /// A 32-byte struct is returned via the x86-64 stret ABI — a hidden
-    /// pointer to caller storage passed ahead of self/_cmd — so this must not
-    /// be folded into the plain objc_msgSend overloads.</summary>
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend_stret")]
-    public static partial void SendStretRect(out CGRect result, nint receiver, nint selector);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint Send(nint receiver, nint selector, nint argument, ref nint error);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint Send(nint receiver, nint selector, nint argument0, nint argument1, ref nint error);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendAtIndex(nint receiver, nint selector, nuint index);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
-    public static partial bool SendBool(nint receiver, nint selector);
-
-    /// <summary>One-argument BOOL sends, e.g. respondsToSelector:.</summary>
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
-    public static partial bool SendBool(nint receiver, nint selector, nint argument);
-
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial double SendDouble(nint receiver, nint selector);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoid(nint receiver, nint selector);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoid(nint receiver, nint selector, nint argument);
-
-    /// <summary>Two-object-argument void sends, e.g. setObject:forKey:.</summary>
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoid(nint receiver, nint selector, nint argument0, nint argument1);
-
-    /// <summary>performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone: — the SEL
-    /// to perform is itself an argument, followed by the object and the wait
-    /// flag.</summary>
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidPerformSelector(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        nint performedSelector,
-        nint argument,
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool waitUntilDone);
-
-    /// <summary>setSwizzle: on MTLTextureDescriptor. Four one-byte
-    /// MTLTextureSwizzle values, passed packed like the framework expects.</summary>
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidSwizzle(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        MtlTextureSwizzleChannels channels);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidBool(nint receiver, nint selector, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool argument);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidDouble(nint receiver, nint selector, double argument);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidSize(nint receiver, nint selector, CGSize size);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidRect(nint receiver, nint selector, CGRect rect);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidClearColor(nint receiver, nint selector, MtlClearColor color);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidBlendColor(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        float red,
-        float green,
-        float blue,
-        float alpha);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidViewport(nint receiver, nint selector, MtlViewport viewport);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendSetAtIndex(nint receiver, nint selector, nint value, nuint index);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidCopyTexture(nint receiver, nint selector, nint source, nint destination);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendBuffer(nint receiver, nint selector, nint bytes, nuint length, nuint options);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendNewBuffer(nint receiver, nint selector, nuint length, nuint options);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendCopyTextureToBuffer(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        nint sourceTexture,
-        nuint sourceSlice,
-        nuint sourceLevel,
-        MtlOrigin sourceOrigin,
-        MtlSize sourceSize,
-        nint destinationBuffer,
-        nuint destinationOffset,
-        nuint destinationBytesPerRow,
-        nuint destinationBytesPerImage);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendCopyBufferToTexture(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        nint sourceBuffer,
-        nuint sourceOffset,
-        nuint sourceBytesPerRow,
-        nuint sourceBytesPerImage,
-        MtlSize sourceSize,
-        nint destinationTexture,
-        nuint destinationSlice,
-        nuint destinationLevel,
-        MtlOrigin destinationOrigin);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendDispatch(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        MtlSize threadgroups,
-        MtlSize threadsPerThreadgroup);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendSetBuffer(nint receiver, nint selector, nint buffer, nuint offset, nuint index);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendVoidScissor(nint receiver, nint selector, MtlScissorRect rect);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendDrawPrimitivesInstanced(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        nuint primitiveType,
-        nuint vertexStart,
-        nuint vertexCount,
-        nuint instanceCount);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendDrawIndexedPrimitives(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        nuint primitiveType,
-        nuint indexCount,
-        nuint indexType,
-        nint indexBuffer,
-        nuint indexBufferOffset,
-        nuint instanceCount);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendTimer(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        double interval,
-        nint target,
-        nint timerSelector,
-        nint userInfo,
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool repeats);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendInitFrame(nint receiver, nint selector, CGRect frame);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendInitWindow(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        CGRect contentRect,
-        nuint styleMask,
-        nuint backing,
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool defer);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendNextEvent(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        ulong eventMask,
-        nint untilDate,
-        nint inMode,
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool dequeue);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial nint SendTextureDescriptor(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        nuint pixelFormat,
-        nuint width,
-        nuint height,
-        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)] bool mipmapped);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendReplaceRegion(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        MtlRegion region,
-        nuint mipmapLevel,
-        nint bytes,
-        nuint bytesPerRow);
-
-    [LibraryImport(ObjCLibrary, EntryPoint = "objc_msgSend")]
-    public static partial void SendDrawPrimitives(
-        nint receiver,
-        nint selector,
-        nuint primitiveType,
-        nuint vertexStart,
-        nuint vertexCount);
-
-    public static nint Class(string name) => objc_getClass(name);
-
-    public static nint Selector(string name) => sel_registerName(name);
-
-    /// <summary>Autoreleased NSString — only valid inside an autorelease pool
-    /// unless the caller retains it.</summary>
-    public static nint NsString(string value)
-    {
-        var utf8 = Marshal.StringToCoTaskMemUTF8(value);
-        try
-        {
-            return Send(Class("NSString"), Selector("stringWithUTF8String:"), utf8);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(utf8);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Reads an NSString's UTF-8 contents, or null if the handle is nil.</summary>
-    public static string? ReadNsString(nint nsString)
-    {
-        if (nsString == 0)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var utf8 = Send(nsString, Selector("UTF8String"));
-        return utf8 == 0 ? null : Marshal.PtrToStringUTF8(utf8);
-    }
-
-    public static string DescribeError(nint error)
-    {
-        if (error == 0)
-        {
-            return "unknown error";
-        }
-
-        var description = Send(error, Selector("localizedDescription"));
-        var utf8 = Send(description, Selector("UTF8String"));
-        return Marshal.PtrToStringUTF8(utf8) ?? "unknown error";
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalVideoPresenter.Batch.cs

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-// Guest draws and compute dispatches batch into one command buffer per drain
-// instead of one per work item, mirroring the Vulkan presenter's batched guest
-// commands: commit overhead dominated CPU time for scenes with dozens of draws
-// per frame. Ordering inside the batch is by encoder sequence (snapshot blits
-// for a draw's feedback reads are encoded before its render pass opens), and
-// everything that must observe batched work on the serial queue — flips, image
-// writes/blits, CPU-visible write-backs, the present pass — flushes first.
-internal static partial class MetalVideoPresenter
-{
-    private static nint _batchCommandBuffer;
-    private static bool _batchOpen;
-
-    /// <summary>Returns the open batch command buffer, opening one on first
-    /// use. Render thread only, like the drain it serves.</summary>
-    private static nint BeginBatchedGuestCommands(nint queue)
-    {
-        if (_batchOpen)
-        {
-            return _batchCommandBuffer;
-        }
-
-        _batchCommandBuffer = MetalNative.Send(queue, MetalNative.Selector("commandBuffer"));
-        _batchOpen = _batchCommandBuffer != 0;
-        return _batchCommandBuffer;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Commits the open batch (if any), tagging the upload pages and
-    /// snapshot resources it consumed. Returns the committed command buffer so
-    /// write-back sites can wait on it, or 0 when nothing was open.</summary>
-    private static nint FlushBatchedGuestCommands()
-    {
-        if (!_batchOpen)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        _batchOpen = false;
-        var commandBuffer = _batchCommandBuffer;
-        _batchCommandBuffer = 0;
-        MetalNative.SendVoid(commandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("commit"));
-        TagUploadPages(commandBuffer);
-        TagSnapshotResources(commandBuffer);
-        return commandBuffer;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalVideoPresenter.Compute.cs

@@ -1,424 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-// Guest compute dispatches: ordered guest work like draws, with two contracts to
-// honor. Storage images are shared live through the guest-image registry so a
-// dispatch's writes are visible to later draws, blits, and flips of the same
-// address; and CPU-visible buffer writes land back in guest memory before the
-// work item completes, which is the ordering point WaitForGuestWork promises.
-internal static partial class MetalVideoPresenter
-{
-    private static readonly bool _skipAllCompute =
-        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_SKIP_ALL_COMPUTE") == "1";
-    private static bool _tracedDispatchBase;
-
-    private sealed record ComputeGuestDispatch(
-        ulong ShaderAddress,
-        MetalCompiledGuestShader Shader,
-        GuestDrawTexture[] Textures,
-        GuestMemoryBuffer[] GlobalMemoryBuffers,
-        uint GroupCountX,
-        uint GroupCountY,
-        uint GroupCountZ,
-        uint BaseGroupX,
-        uint BaseGroupY,
-        uint BaseGroupZ,
-        uint ThreadCountX,
-        uint ThreadCountY,
-        uint ThreadCountZ);
-
-    private static readonly Dictionary<MetalCompiledGuestShader, nint> _computePipelineCache = new();
-
-    public static long SubmitComputeDispatch(
-        ulong shaderAddress,
-        MetalCompiledGuestShader computeShader,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestDrawTexture> textures,
-        IReadOnlyList<GuestMemoryBuffer> globalMemoryBuffers,
-        uint groupCountX,
-        uint groupCountY,
-        uint groupCountZ,
-        uint baseGroupX,
-        uint baseGroupY,
-        uint baseGroupZ,
-        bool writesGlobalMemory,
-        uint threadCountX,
-        uint threadCountY,
-        uint threadCountZ)
-    {
-        var hasStorage = false;
-        foreach (var texture in textures)
-        {
-            hasStorage |= texture.IsStorage;
-        }
-
-        if (groupCountX == 0 ||
-            groupCountY == 0 ||
-            groupCountZ == 0 ||
-            (!hasStorage && !writesGlobalMemory))
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            if (_closed || _thread is null)
-            {
-                return 0;
-            }
-
-            // Storage images a dispatch writes become flip sources and sampled
-            // inputs for later work, exactly like published render targets.
-            foreach (var texture in textures)
-            {
-                if (!texture.IsStorage || texture.Address == 0)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                var guestFormat = GetGuestTextureFormat(texture.Format, texture.NumberType);
-                if (guestFormat != 0)
-                {
-                    _availableGuestImages[texture.Address] = guestFormat;
-                }
-            }
-
-            var sequence = EnqueueGuestWorkLocked(
-                new ComputeGuestDispatch(
-                    shaderAddress,
-                    computeShader,
-                    ToArray(textures),
-                    ToArray(globalMemoryBuffers),
-                    groupCountX,
-                    groupCountY,
-                    groupCountZ,
-                    baseGroupX,
-                    baseGroupY,
-                    baseGroupZ,
-                    threadCountX,
-                    threadCountY,
-                    threadCountZ));
-            foreach (var texture in textures)
-            {
-                if (texture.IsStorage && texture.Address != 0)
-                {
-                    _guestImageWorkSequences[texture.Address] = sequence;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return sequence;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void ExecuteComputeDispatch(nint device, nint queue, ComputeGuestDispatch dispatch)
-    {
-        if (_skipAllCompute)
-        {
-            ReturnPooledComputeData(dispatch);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        VideoOut.PerfOverlay.RecordDraw();
-
-        if ((dispatch.BaseGroupX | dispatch.BaseGroupY | dispatch.BaseGroupZ) != 0 &&
-            !_tracedDispatchBase)
-        {
-            // Metal has no dispatch-base; the translated kernel derives its ids
-            // from the raw grid position, so a nonzero base computes offset-zero
-            // work until base support lands in the emitted kernel.
-            _tracedDispatchBase = true;
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                "[LOADER][WARN] Metal compute dispatch with nonzero base group " +
-                $"({dispatch.BaseGroupX},{dispatch.BaseGroupY},{dispatch.BaseGroupZ}); " +
-                "executing without the base offset.");
-        }
-
-        if (!TryGetComputePipeline(device, dispatch.Shader, out var pipeline))
-        {
-            ReturnPooledComputeData(dispatch);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var commandBuffer = BeginBatchedGuestCommands(queue);
-
-        // Pre-resolve textures before the compute encoder opens: snapshot
-        // blits for feedback reads encode into the batch and encoder order
-        // must place them ahead of this dispatch.
-        Span<nint> textureHandles = stackalloc nint[dispatch.Textures.Length];
-        Span<bool> textureOwned = stackalloc bool[dispatch.Textures.Length];
-        for (var index = 0; index < dispatch.Textures.Length; index++)
-        {
-            var descriptor = dispatch.Textures[index];
-            if (descriptor.IsStorage && descriptor.Address != 0)
-            {
-                textureHandles[index] = EnsureStorageImage(device, descriptor)?.Texture ?? 0;
-                textureOwned[index] = false;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                textureHandles[index] = CreateDrawTexture(
-                    device, commandBuffer, descriptor, out var ownedTexture);
-                textureOwned[index] = ownedTexture;
-            }
-        }
-
-        var encoder = MetalNative.Send(commandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("computeCommandEncoder"));
-        MetalNative.SendVoid(encoder, MetalNative.Selector("setComputePipelineState:"), pipeline);
-
-        var writeBackBuffers = new List<(nint Pointer, GuestMemoryBuffer Guest)>();
-        var selSetBuffer = MetalNative.Selector("setBuffer:offset:atIndex:");
-        var bufferCount = dispatch.GlobalMemoryBuffers.Length;
-        Span<uint> boundBytes = stackalloc uint[Math.Max(bufferCount, 1)];
-        for (var index = 0; index < bufferCount; index++)
-        {
-            var guest = dispatch.GlobalMemoryBuffers[index];
-            var pointer = UploadGlobalBuffer(
-                device, guest, out var buffer, out var offset, out boundBytes[index]);
-            MetalNative.SendSetBuffer(encoder, selSetBuffer, buffer, (nuint)offset, (nuint)index);
-            if (guest.Writable && guest.WriteBackToGuest)
-            {
-                writeBackBuffers.Add((pointer, guest));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // SharpEmuUniforms: the dispatch limit clamps the overshoot threads of the
-        // last threadgroup row, then each bound buffer's byte length follows
-        // (including the alignment-bias prefix the shader indexes past).
-        var shader = dispatch.Shader.Shader;
-        var uniforms = AllocateUpload(
-            device,
-            16 + (Math.Max(bufferCount, 1) * sizeof(uint)),
-            out var uniformsBuffer,
-            out var uniformsOffset);
-        WriteDispatchLimit(uniforms, 0, dispatch.ThreadCountX, dispatch.GroupCountX, shader.ThreadgroupSizeX);
-        WriteDispatchLimit(uniforms, 4, dispatch.ThreadCountY, dispatch.GroupCountY, shader.ThreadgroupSizeY);
-        WriteDispatchLimit(uniforms, 8, dispatch.ThreadCountZ, dispatch.GroupCountZ, shader.ThreadgroupSizeZ);
-        System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(uniforms[12..], 0);
-        for (var index = 0; index < bufferCount; index++)
-        {
-            System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(
-                uniforms[(16 + (index * sizeof(uint)))..],
-                boundBytes[index]);
-        }
-
-        // Bind at the stage's declared SharpEmuUniforms slot (see the draw path:
-        // stages compute their own index from globalBufferBase + total count).
-        var uniformsIndex = shader.UniformsBufferIndex;
-        MetalNative.SendSetBuffer(
-            encoder,
-            selSetBuffer,
-            uniformsBuffer,
-            (nuint)uniformsOffset,
-            (nuint)(uniformsIndex >= 0 ? uniformsIndex : bufferCount));
-
-        var selSetTexture = MetalNative.Selector("setTexture:atIndex:");
-        for (var index = 0; index < dispatch.Textures.Length; index++)
-        {
-            var texture = textureHandles[index];
-            if (texture != 0)
-            {
-                MetalNative.SendSetAtIndex(encoder, selSetTexture, texture, (nuint)index);
-                if (textureOwned[index])
-                {
-                    MetalNative.SendVoid(texture, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Samplers travel in an argument buffer bound at setBuffer (see the draw
-        // path), sidestepping Metal's 16-sampler-per-stage cap.
-        BindSamplerArgumentBuffer(device, encoder, selSetBuffer, dispatch.Shader, dispatch.Textures);
-
-        MetalNative.SendDispatch(
-            encoder,
-            MetalNative.Selector("dispatchThreadgroups:threadsPerThreadgroup:"),
-            new MtlSize
-            {
-                Width = dispatch.GroupCountX,
-                Height = dispatch.GroupCountY,
-                Depth = dispatch.GroupCountZ,
-            },
-            new MtlSize
-            {
-                Width = Math.Max(shader.ThreadgroupSizeX, 1),
-                Height = Math.Max(shader.ThreadgroupSizeY, 1),
-                Depth = Math.Max(shader.ThreadgroupSizeZ, 1),
-            });
-        MetalNative.SendVoid(encoder, MetalNative.Selector("endEncoding"));
-
-        // CPU-visible writes are ordering points (see the draw path): flush
-        // the batch and wait so the write-back lands before this work item
-        // completes. Pure-GPU dispatches stay in the open batch.
-        if (writeBackBuffers.Count > 0)
-        {
-            var committed = FlushBatchedGuestCommands();
-            MetalNative.SendVoid(committed, MetalNative.Selector("waitUntilCompleted"));
-            WriteBuffersBackToGuest(writeBackBuffers);
-        }
-
-        foreach (var descriptor in dispatch.Textures)
-        {
-            if (!descriptor.IsStorage || descriptor.Address == 0)
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            GuestImage? image;
-            lock (_gate)
-            {
-                _guestImages.TryGetValue(descriptor.Address, out image);
-            }
-
-            if (image is not null)
-            {
-                image.MarkContentChanged();
-            }
-        }
-
-        ReturnPooledComputeData(dispatch);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>The live, shared storage image for a guest address: dispatches,
-    /// draws, blits, and flips of the same address all see one texture.</summary>
-    private static GuestImage? EnsureStorageImage(nint device, GuestDrawTexture descriptor)
-    {
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            if (_guestImages.TryGetValue(descriptor.Address, out var existing))
-            {
-                return existing;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (descriptor.Width == 0 || descriptor.Height == 0 ||
-            descriptor.Width > 16384 || descriptor.Height > 16384)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var format = MetalGuestFormats.TryDecodeRenderTargetFormat(
-            descriptor.Format, descriptor.NumberType, out var decoded)
-            ? decoded.Format
-            : MtlPixelFormat.Rgba8Unorm;
-        var textureDescriptor = MetalNative.SendTextureDescriptor(
-            MetalNative.Class("MTLTextureDescriptor"),
-            MetalNative.Selector("texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:width:height:mipmapped:"),
-            (nuint)format,
-            descriptor.Width,
-            descriptor.Height,
-            mipmapped: false);
-        MetalNative.Send(
-            textureDescriptor,
-            MetalNative.Selector("setUsage:"),
-            (nint)(UsageShaderRead | UsageShaderWrite | UsageRenderTarget));
-        var image = new GuestImage
-        {
-            Texture = MetalNative.Send(
-                device, MetalNative.Selector("newTextureWithDescriptor:"), textureDescriptor),
-            Width = descriptor.Width,
-            Height = descriptor.Height,
-            Format = format,
-        };
-        if (image.Texture == 0)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var bytesPerPixel = MetalRenderTargetFormat.GetBytesPerPixel(format);
-        // Snapshot copies arrive in the image's native texel layout; only
-        // 4-byte texels can be RGBA8 verbatim, wider ones carry native bytes.
-        if ((ulong)descriptor.RgbaPixels.Length >= (ulong)descriptor.Width * bytesPerPixel)
-        {
-            var pitch = descriptor.Pitch != 0
-                ? Math.Max(descriptor.Pitch, descriptor.Width)
-                : descriptor.Width;
-            ReplaceTextureContents(
-                image.Texture, descriptor.Width, descriptor.Height, descriptor.RgbaPixels, pitch, bytesPerPixel);
-            image.MarkContentChanged();
-        }
-
-        lock (_gate)
-        {
-            if (_guestImages.TryGetValue(descriptor.Address, out var raced))
-            {
-                MetalNative.SendVoid(image.Texture, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-                return raced;
-            }
-
-            _guestImages[descriptor.Address] = image;
-            _guestImageExtents[descriptor.Address] =
-                (descriptor.Width, descriptor.Height, (ulong)descriptor.Width * descriptor.Height * bytesPerPixel);
-        }
-
-        return image;
-    }
-
-    private static bool TryGetComputePipeline(nint device, MetalCompiledGuestShader shader, out nint pipeline)
-    {
-        lock (_computePipelineCache)
-        {
-            if (_computePipelineCache.TryGetValue(shader, out pipeline))
-            {
-                return pipeline != 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        var function = GetShaderFunction(device, shader);
-        if (function != 0)
-        {
-            nint error = 0;
-            pipeline = MetalNative.Send(
-                device,
-                MetalNative.Selector("newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:error:"),
-                function,
-                ref error);
-            if (pipeline == 0)
-            {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                    $"[LOADER][WARN] Metal compute pipeline creation failed: {MetalNative.DescribeError(error)}");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                Interlocked.Increment(ref _perfPipelineCreations);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            pipeline = 0;
-        }
-
-        lock (_computePipelineCache)
-        {
-            _computePipelineCache[shader] = pipeline;
-        }
-
-        return pipeline != 0;
-    }
-
-    private static void WriteDispatchLimit(
-        Span<byte> uniforms,
-        int offset,
-        uint threadCount,
-        uint groupCount,
-        uint threadgroupSize)
-    {
-        var limit = threadCount != uint.MaxValue
-            ? threadCount
-            : groupCount * Math.Max(threadgroupSize, 1);
-        System.Buffers.Binary.BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(
-            uniforms[offset..],
-            limit);
-    }
-
-    private static void ReturnPooledComputeData(ComputeGuestDispatch dispatch)
-    {
-        foreach (var buffer in dispatch.GlobalMemoryBuffers)
-        {
-            if (buffer.Pooled)
-            {
-                GuestDataPool.Shared.Return(buffer.Data);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalVideoPresenter.SnapshotPool.cs

@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-// Feedback reads (draws sampling a live guest render target or depth image)
-// need a fresh ordered snapshot per draw. Creating and destroying an MTLTexture
-// — and for depth reads a private staging MTLBuffer — per draw is measurable
-// CPU and allocator churn at hundreds of feedback draws per second, so both
-// recycle through a pool with the same lifecycle as the upload arena pages:
-// acquired snapshots are tagged with the command buffer that samples them at
-// commit, and return to the free list once that command buffer completes (the
-// command queue is serial, so the earlier snapshot-blit command buffer is
-// necessarily complete by then too). Everything here runs on the render thread.
-internal static partial class MetalVideoPresenter
-{
-    private const int MaxFreeSnapshotResources = 16;
-
-    private sealed class PooledSnapshotResource
-    {
-        public nint Handle;
-        public bool IsBuffer;
-
-        /// <summary>Texture identity (unused for buffers).</summary>
-        public uint Format;
-        public uint Width;
-        public uint Height;
-        public nint Usage;
-
-        /// <summary>Buffer capacity in bytes (unused for textures).</summary>
-        public nuint Capacity;
-
-        /// <summary>Retained handle of the command buffer that samples this
-        /// snapshot; the resource is reusable once it completes.</summary>
-        public nint LastCommandBuffer;
-    }
-
-    private static readonly List<PooledSnapshotResource> _retiredSnapshotResources = [];
-    private static readonly List<PooledSnapshotResource> _pendingSnapshotResources = [];
-    private static readonly List<PooledSnapshotResource> _freeSnapshotResources = [];
-
-    /// <summary>Returns completed snapshot resources to the free list; called
-    /// once per render-loop drain, next to the upload-page recycler.</summary>
-    private static void RecycleCompletedSnapshotResources()
-    {
-        for (var index = _retiredSnapshotResources.Count - 1; index >= 0; index--)
-        {
-            var resource = _retiredSnapshotResources[index];
-            if (resource.LastCommandBuffer != 0)
-            {
-                // MTLCommandBufferStatus: Completed = 4, Error = 5.
-                var status = MetalNative.Send(
-                    resource.LastCommandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("status"));
-                if (status < 4)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                MetalNative.SendVoid(resource.LastCommandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-                resource.LastCommandBuffer = 0;
-            }
-
-            _retiredSnapshotResources.RemoveAt(index);
-            if (_freeSnapshotResources.Count < MaxFreeSnapshotResources)
-            {
-                _freeSnapshotResources.Add(resource);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                MetalNative.SendVoid(resource.Handle, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Pops a pooled snapshot texture matching the exact identity, or
-    /// creates one. The returned handle is owned by the pool — callers must not
-    /// release it, and it must be tagged at the next commit.</summary>
-    private static nint AcquireSnapshotTexture(
-        nint device,
-        MtlPixelFormat format,
-        uint width,
-        uint height,
-        nint usage)
-    {
-        for (var index = 0; index < _freeSnapshotResources.Count; index++)
-        {
-            var candidate = _freeSnapshotResources[index];
-            if (!candidate.IsBuffer &&
-                candidate.Format == (uint)format &&
-                candidate.Width == width &&
-                candidate.Height == height &&
-                candidate.Usage == usage)
-            {
-                _freeSnapshotResources.RemoveAt(index);
-                _pendingSnapshotResources.Add(candidate);
-                return candidate.Handle;
-            }
-        }
-
-        var descriptor = MetalNative.SendTextureDescriptor(
-            MetalNative.Class("MTLTextureDescriptor"),
-            MetalNative.Selector("texture2DDescriptorWithPixelFormat:width:height:mipmapped:"),
-            (nuint)format,
-            width,
-            height,
-            mipmapped: false);
-        MetalNative.Send(descriptor, MetalNative.Selector("setUsage:"), usage);
-        var handle = MetalNative.Send(
-            device, MetalNative.Selector("newTextureWithDescriptor:"), descriptor);
-        if (handle == 0)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        _pendingSnapshotResources.Add(new PooledSnapshotResource
-        {
-            Handle = handle,
-            Format = (uint)format,
-            Width = width,
-            Height = height,
-            Usage = usage,
-        });
-        return handle;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Pops a pooled private-storage staging buffer of at least
-    /// <paramref name="minimumBytes"/>, or creates one. Pool-owned like
-    /// <see cref="AcquireSnapshotTexture"/>.</summary>
-    private static nint AcquireSnapshotBuffer(nint device, nuint minimumBytes)
-    {
-        for (var index = 0; index < _freeSnapshotResources.Count; index++)
-        {
-            var candidate = _freeSnapshotResources[index];
-            if (candidate.IsBuffer && candidate.Capacity >= minimumBytes)
-            {
-                _freeSnapshotResources.RemoveAt(index);
-                _pendingSnapshotResources.Add(candidate);
-                return candidate.Handle;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // MTLResourceStorageModePrivate = 32: staging never touches the CPU.
-        var handle = MetalNative.SendNewBuffer(
-            device, MetalNative.Selector("newBufferWithLength:options:"), minimumBytes, 32);
-        if (handle == 0)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        _pendingSnapshotResources.Add(new PooledSnapshotResource
-        {
-            Handle = handle,
-            IsBuffer = true,
-            Capacity = minimumBytes,
-        });
-        return handle;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Marks every snapshot resource acquired since the previous tag
-    /// as owing its lifetime to <paramref name="commandBuffer"/>. Called at the
-    /// same commit sites as <see cref="TagUploadPages"/>; a resource acquired
-    /// for a draw that never committed is tagged by the next commit, which is
-    /// conservative but safe.</summary>
-    private static void TagSnapshotResources(nint commandBuffer)
-    {
-        if (_pendingSnapshotResources.Count == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        foreach (var resource in _pendingSnapshotResources)
-        {
-            resource.LastCommandBuffer = MetalNative.Send(
-                commandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("retain"));
-            _retiredSnapshotResources.Add(resource);
-        }
-
-        _pendingSnapshotResources.Clear();
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalVideoPresenter.TextureCache.cs

@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
-using SharpEmu.HLE;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-// Draw textures decoded from guest memory are cached across draws keyed by
-// their full descriptor identity, mirroring the Vulkan presenter's texture
-// cache: once an identity is marked cached, the AGC submit thread skips the
-// guest-memory read/detile/copy entirely (shipping empty texels) and the
-// render thread serves the cached MTLTexture — for scenes that sample large
-// textures every draw, that per-draw copy dominated both allocation churn
-// and CPU time. GuestImageWriteTracker write-protects the source pages, so
-// a guest CPU write dirties the address and the entry is evicted at the next
-// drain; the following draw ships fresh texels and re-populates the cache.
-internal static partial class MetalVideoPresenter
-{
-    private const int MaxCachedDrawTextures = 2048;
-
-    /// <summary>Render-thread-only cache of decoded draw textures; each value
-    /// holds one retain. Committed command buffers retain the textures they
-    /// reference, so eviction releases immediately without a GPU drain.</summary>
-    private static readonly Dictionary<TextureContentIdentity, nint> _drawTextureCache = new();
-
-    /// <summary>Identities the AGC submit thread may skip texel copies for.
-    /// Read from the submit thread, written by the render thread.</summary>
-    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TextureContentIdentity, byte> _cachedDrawTextureIdentities = new();
-
-    internal static bool IsTextureContentCached(in TextureContentIdentity identity) =>
-        _cachedDrawTextureIdentities.ContainsKey(identity);
-
-    /// <summary>Builds the same identity the AGC layer checks before skipping
-    /// a texel copy; the two must agree field-for-field or skips and cache
-    /// entries would never line up.</summary>
-    private static TextureContentIdentity GetDrawTextureIdentity(GuestDrawTexture texture) => new(
-        texture.Address,
-        texture.Width,
-        texture.Height,
-        texture.Format,
-        texture.NumberType,
-        texture.DstSelect,
-        texture.TileMode,
-        texture.Pitch,
-        texture.Sampler);
-
-    /// <summary>Caching requires the write tracker: without page protection a
-    /// guest CPU write would never evict the entry and draws would sample
-    /// stale texels forever. Storage textures are shader-writable on the GPU,
-    /// so their content identity is not stable either.</summary>
-    private static bool IsCacheableDrawTexture(GuestDrawTexture texture) =>
-        GuestImageWriteTracker.Enabled &&
-        texture.Address != 0 &&
-        !texture.IsStorage &&
-        !texture.IsFallback;
-
-    private static bool TryGetCachedDrawTexture(GuestDrawTexture texture, out nint handle) =>
-        _drawTextureCache.TryGetValue(GetDrawTextureIdentity(texture), out handle);
-
-    private static void CacheDrawTexture(GuestDrawTexture texture, nint handle)
-    {
-        var key = GetDrawTextureIdentity(texture);
-        if (_drawTextureCache.Remove(key, out var previous))
-        {
-            MetalNative.SendVoid(previous, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-        }
-
-        _ = MetalNative.Send(handle, MetalNative.Selector("retain"));
-        _drawTextureCache[key] = handle;
-        _cachedDrawTextureIdentities[key] = 0;
-        GuestImageWriteTracker.Track(
-            texture.Address,
-            (ulong)texture.RgbaPixels.Length,
-            Volatile.Read(ref _executingGuestWorkSequence),
-            "metal.texture-cache");
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Runs once per drain, before any queued draw executes: a draw
-    /// whose texels the submit thread skipped must never resolve to an entry
-    /// the guest has since rewritten.</summary>
-    private static void EvictDirtyCachedDrawTextures()
-    {
-        if (_drawTextureCache.Count == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Evict by address rather than by identity: several identities can
-        // share one source address (same texels, different samplers), and
-        // ConsumeDirty clears the flag on first read — evicting only the
-        // first identity would leave the others sampling stale texels.
-        HashSet<ulong>? dirtyAddresses = null;
-        foreach (var entry in _drawTextureCache)
-        {
-            if (dirtyAddresses is not null && dirtyAddresses.Contains(entry.Key.Address))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (GuestImageWriteTracker.ConsumeDirty(entry.Key.Address))
-            {
-                (dirtyAddresses ??= []).Add(entry.Key.Address);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (dirtyAddresses is null && _drawTextureCache.Count <= MaxCachedDrawTextures)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (_drawTextureCache.Count > MaxCachedDrawTextures)
-        {
-            foreach (var entry in _drawTextureCache)
-            {
-                MetalNative.SendVoid(entry.Value, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-            }
-
-            _drawTextureCache.Clear();
-            _cachedDrawTextureIdentities.Clear();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        List<TextureContentIdentity>? evicted = null;
-        foreach (var entry in _drawTextureCache)
-        {
-            if (dirtyAddresses!.Contains(entry.Key.Address))
-            {
-                (evicted ??= []).Add(entry.Key);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (evicted is not null)
-        {
-            foreach (var key in evicted)
-            {
-                if (_drawTextureCache.Remove(key, out var handle))
-                {
-                    _cachedDrawTextureIdentities.TryRemove(key, out _);
-                    MetalNative.SendVoid(handle, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        foreach (var address in dirtyAddresses!)
-        {
-            GuestImageWriteTracker.Rearm(address);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Self-heal for the skip/eviction race: the submit thread saw a
-    /// cached identity and skipped the copy, but the entry was evicted before
-    /// this draw executed. Read the texels directly rather than rendering a
-    /// fallback texture for the frame, sized with the same block-aware math
-    /// the draw path expects.</summary>
-    private static byte[]? TryReadGuestDrawTexturePixels(GuestDrawTexture texture)
-    {
-        var memory = _guestMemory;
-        if (memory is null || texture.Address == 0)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var width = Math.Max(texture.Width, 1u);
-        var height = Math.Max(texture.Height, 1u);
-        var rowLength = texture.TileMode == 0
-            ? Math.Max(texture.Pitch, width)
-            : width;
-        var format = MetalGuestFormats.DecodeTextureFormat(texture.Format, texture.NumberType);
-        var byteCount = MetalGuestFormats.GetTextureByteCount(format, rowLength, height);
-        if (byteCount == 0 || byteCount > int.MaxValue)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        var pixels = new byte[(int)byteCount];
-        return memory.TryRead(texture.Address, pixels) ? pixels : null;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Metal/MetalVideoPresenter.Uploads.cs

@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Metal;
-
-// Per-draw upload data (guest global buffers, uniforms, vertex and index
-// bytes) bump-allocates from shared-storage arena pages bound by offset,
-// instead of creating one MTLBuffer and one managed copy per binding per
-// draw — which dominated allocation churn (hundreds of MB/s) and held the
-// guest flip rate well under the display rate. Pages recycle once the last
-// command buffer that referenced them reports completion; everything here
-// runs on the render thread, so no state is locked.
-internal static partial class MetalVideoPresenter
-{
-    private const int UploadPageBytes = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-    // Superset of every Metal bind-offset alignment rule (constant address
-    // space on Intel Macs is the strictest at 256), and conveniently the
-    // guest storage-buffer alignment the shader bias contract assumes.
-    private const int UploadAlignment = 256;
-
-    private sealed class UploadPage
-    {
-        public nint Buffer;
-        public nint Contents;
-        public int Capacity;
-        public int Offset;
-
-        /// <summary>Retained handle of the last command buffer that consumed
-        /// data from this page; the page is reusable once it completes.</summary>
-        public nint LastCommandBuffer;
-
-        /// <summary>Stamp of the last TagUploadPages call that saw this page,
-        /// so a commit only re-tags pages it actually touched.</summary>
-        public int TouchStamp;
-    }
-
-    private static readonly List<UploadPage> _retiredUploadPages = [];
-    private static readonly Stack<UploadPage> _freeUploadPages = new();
-    private static readonly List<UploadPage> _touchedUploadPages = [];
-    private static UploadPage? _currentUploadPage;
-    private static int _uploadTouchStamp;
-
-    /// <summary>Returns completed pages to the free stack. Called once per
-    /// render-loop drain; completion is polled (command buffer status) rather
-    /// than block-based so the ObjC interop stays block-free.</summary>
-    private static void RecycleCompletedUploadPages()
-    {
-        for (var index = _retiredUploadPages.Count - 1; index >= 0; index--)
-        {
-            var page = _retiredUploadPages[index];
-            if (page.LastCommandBuffer != 0)
-            {
-                // MTLCommandBufferStatus: Completed = 4, Error = 5.
-                var status = MetalNative.Send(
-                    page.LastCommandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("status"));
-                if (status < 4)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                MetalNative.SendVoid(page.LastCommandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-                page.LastCommandBuffer = 0;
-            }
-
-            _retiredUploadPages.RemoveAt(index);
-            if (page.Capacity == UploadPageBytes)
-            {
-                page.Offset = 0;
-                _freeUploadPages.Push(page);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Oversized one-off allocation; not worth pooling.
-                MetalNative.SendVoid(page.Buffer, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Bump-allocates an aligned slice for CPU-written upload data.
-    /// The returned span is the slice's shared-storage memory; bind the
-    /// buffer at the returned offset.</summary>
-    private static unsafe Span<byte> AllocateUpload(
-        nint device,
-        int length,
-        out nint buffer,
-        out int offset)
-    {
-        var page = _currentUploadPage;
-        var aligned = page is null
-            ? 0
-            : (page.Offset + UploadAlignment - 1) & ~(UploadAlignment - 1);
-        if (page is null || aligned + length > page.Capacity)
-        {
-            if (page is not null)
-            {
-                _retiredUploadPages.Add(page);
-            }
-
-            page = AcquireUploadPage(device, length);
-            _currentUploadPage = page;
-            aligned = 0;
-        }
-
-        if (page.TouchStamp != _uploadTouchStamp)
-        {
-            page.TouchStamp = _uploadTouchStamp;
-            _touchedUploadPages.Add(page);
-        }
-
-        buffer = page.Buffer;
-        offset = aligned;
-        page.Offset = aligned + length;
-        return new Span<byte>((void*)(page.Contents + aligned), length);
-    }
-
-    private static UploadPage AcquireUploadPage(nint device, int minimumBytes)
-    {
-        if (minimumBytes <= UploadPageBytes && _freeUploadPages.Count > 0)
-        {
-            return _freeUploadPages.Pop();
-        }
-
-        var capacity = Math.Max(minimumBytes, UploadPageBytes);
-        // Options 0 = MTLResourceStorageModeShared: CPU writes are coherent
-        // and write-backs read the GPU's stores after waitUntilCompleted.
-        var handle = MetalNative.SendNewBuffer(
-            device, MetalNative.Selector("newBufferWithLength:options:"), (nuint)capacity, 0);
-        return new UploadPage
-        {
-            Buffer = handle,
-            Contents = MetalNative.Send(handle, MetalNative.Selector("contents")),
-            Capacity = capacity,
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Marks every page touched since the previous tag as owing its
-    /// lifetime to <paramref name="commandBuffer"/>. Called after each commit
-    /// that consumed arena data.</summary>
-    private static void TagUploadPages(nint commandBuffer)
-    {
-        if (_touchedUploadPages.Count == 0)
-        {
-            _uploadTouchStamp++;
-            return;
-        }
-
-        foreach (var page in _touchedUploadPages)
-        {
-            if (page.LastCommandBuffer != 0)
-            {
-                MetalNative.SendVoid(page.LastCommandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("release"));
-            }
-
-            page.LastCommandBuffer = MetalNative.Send(
-                commandBuffer, MetalNative.Selector("retain"));
-        }
-
-        _touchedUploadPages.Clear();
-        _uploadTouchStamp++;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/Vulkan/VulkanGuestGpuBackend.cs

@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu.Vulkan;
 /// </summary>
 internal sealed class VulkanGuestGpuBackend : IGuestGpuBackend
 {
-    public string BackendName => "Vulkan";
-
     private static readonly IGuestCompiledShader DepthOnlyFragmentShader =
         new VulkanCompiledGuestShader(SpirvFixedShaders.CreateDepthOnlyFragment());
 
@@ -345,60 +343,6 @@ internal sealed class VulkanGuestGpuBackend : IGuestGpuBackend
         return false;
     }
 
-    public IDisposable EnterGuestQueue(string queueName, ulong submissionId) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.EnterGuestQueue(queueName, submissionId);
-
-    public long SubmitOrderedGuestAction(Action action, string debugName) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.SubmitOrderedGuestAction(action, debugName);
-
-    public long SubmitOrderedGuestFlipWait(int videoOutHandle, int displayBufferIndex) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.SubmitOrderedGuestFlipWait(videoOutHandle, displayBufferIndex);
-
-    public bool WaitForGuestWork(long workSequence, int timeoutMilliseconds = Timeout.Infinite) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.WaitForGuestWork(workSequence, timeoutMilliseconds);
-
-    public long CurrentGuestWorkSequenceForDiagnostics =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.CurrentGuestWorkSequenceForDiagnostics;
-
-    public bool IsGuestImageUploadKnown(ulong address, uint format, uint numberType) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.IsGuestImageUploadKnown(address, format, numberType);
-
-    public bool GuestImageWantsInitialData(ulong address) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.GuestImageWantsInitialData(address);
-
-    public void ProvideGuestImageInitialData(ulong address, byte[] rgbaPixels) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.ProvideGuestImageInitialData(address, rgbaPixels);
-
-    public void SubmitGuestImageFill(ulong address, uint fillValue) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.SubmitGuestImageFill(address, fillValue);
-
-    public void SubmitGuestImageWrite(ulong address, byte[] pixels) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.SubmitGuestImageWrite(address, pixels);
-
-    public bool TryGetGuestImageExtent(ulong address, out uint width, out uint height, out ulong byteCount) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.TryGetGuestImageExtent(address, out width, out height, out byteCount);
-
-    public IReadOnlyList<(ulong Address, uint Width, uint Height, ulong ByteCount)> GetGuestImageExtents() =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.GetGuestImageExtents();
-
-    public bool IsTextureContentCached(in TextureContentIdentity identity) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.IsTextureContentCached(identity);
-
-    public void AttachGuestMemory(SharpEmu.HLE.ICpuMemory memory) =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.AttachGuestMemory(memory);
-
-    public ulong GuestStorageBufferOffsetAlignment =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.GuestStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
-
-    public void CountShaderCompilation() =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.CountSpirvCompilation();
-
-    public (long Draws, double DrawMs, long Pipelines, long ShaderCompilations) ReadAndResetPerfCounters() =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.ReadAndResetPerfCounters();
-
-    public void RequestClose() =>
-        VulkanVideoPresenter.RequestClose();
-
     private static byte[] Spirv(IGuestCompiledShader shader) =>
         shader is VulkanCompiledGuestShader vulkanShader
             ? vulkanShader.Spirv

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelExports.cs

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ public static class KernelExports
         ExportName = "open",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int Open(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMemoryCompatExports.PosixOpen(ctx);
+    public static int Open(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMemoryCompatExports.KernelOpenUnderscore(ctx);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "1G3lF1Gg1k8",
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ public static class KernelExports
         ExportName = "fstat",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libc")]
-    public static int Fstat(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMemoryCompatExports.PosixFstat(ctx);
+    public static int Fstat(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMemoryCompatExports.KernelFstat(ctx);
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "hcuQgD53UxM",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelMemoryCompatExports.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
@@ -65,10 +65,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
     private const uint HostPageExecuteReadWrite = 0x40;
     private const uint HostPageExecuteWriteCopy = 0x80;
     private const uint HostPageGuard = 0x100;
-    private const int Enoent = 2;
-    private const int Ebadf = 9;
     private const int Enomem = 12;
-    private const int Eacces = 13;
     private const int Efault = 14;
     private const int Einval = 22;
     private const int Erange = 34;
@@ -227,21 +224,6 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         }
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Removes a guest mount registered by <see cref="RegisterGuestPathMount"/>.</summary>
-    public static bool UnregisterGuestPathMount(string guestMountPoint)
-    {
-        var normalizedMountPoint = NormalizeGuestStatCachePath(guestMountPoint);
-        if (normalizedMountPoint is null)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        lock (_guestMountGate)
-        {
-            return _guestMounts.Remove(normalizedMountPoint);
-        }
-    }
-
     internal static bool TryAllocateHleData(
         CpuContext ctx,
         ulong length,
@@ -1108,16 +1090,12 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
         }
 
-        if (count > 0 && !ctx.Memory.TryCopy(destination, source, (ulong)count))
+        var payload = GC.AllocateUninitializedArray<byte>(count);
+        if (count > 0 && (!TryReadCompat(ctx, source, payload) || !TryWriteCompat(ctx, destination, payload)))
         {
-            var payload = GC.AllocateUninitializedArray<byte>(count);
+            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-            if (!TryReadCompat(ctx, source, payload) || !TryWriteCompat(ctx, destination, payload))
-            {
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-            }
         }
 
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = destination;
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
@@ -1548,13 +1526,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         ExportName = "close",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixClose(CpuContext ctx)
+    public static int PosixClose(CpuContext ctx) => KernelCloseCore(ctx, unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]));
-    {
-        var result = KernelCloseCore(ctx, unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]));
-        return result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
-            ? 0
-            : PosixFailure(ctx, result, notFoundErrno: Ebadf);
-    }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "UK2Tl2DWUns",
@@ -1611,29 +1583,6 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
-    // Translates a failed raw Orbis kernel result into the libc/POSIX ABI:
-    // return -1 with errno set. The raw sceKernel* implementations report the
-    // 0x8002xxxx sentinel through the return value, but the POSIX-named exports
-    // (open/fstat/close/read/write/stat) are called by libc code that expects a
-    // negative result on failure. Leaking the raw sentinel makes callers store
-    // it as a "valid" fd or handle and later dereference it - the null-pointer
-    // access violation seen when Unity's IL2CPP file layer probes an absent
-    // il2cpp.usym. fd-based calls pass notFoundErrno=Ebadf; path-based calls
-    // leave the Enoent default.
-    private static int PosixFailure(CpuContext ctx, int orbisResult, int notFoundErrno = Enoent)
-    {
-        var errno = orbisResult switch
-        {
-            (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT => Einval,
-            (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT => Efault,
-            (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_PERMISSION_DENIED => Eacces,
-            _ => notFoundErrno,
-        };
-        KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, errno);
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = ulong.MaxValue;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "E6ao34wPw+U",
         ExportName = "stat",
@@ -1642,29 +1591,23 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
     public static int PosixStat(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         var result = KernelStat(ctx);
-        return result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
+        if (result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
-            ? 0
+        {
-            : PosixFailure(ctx, result);
+            return 0;
-    }
+        }
 
-    // POSIX open(2): translates a failed raw open into -1/errno. On success
+        // stat(2) follows the libc/POSIX ABI: failures return -1 and expose
-    // KernelOpenUnderscore already writes the fd into RAX (the import bridge
+        // the reason through errno. Returning the raw Orbis kernel code here
-    // prefers a written RAX over the return value), so returning 0 is correct.
+        // makes callers treat a missing file as a non-negative success value.
-    public static int PosixOpen(CpuContext ctx)
+        var errno = result switch
-    {
+        {
-        var result = KernelOpenUnderscore(ctx);
+            (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT => Einval,
-        return result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
+            (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT => Efault,
-            ? 0
+            _ => 2, // ENOENT
-            : PosixFailure(ctx, result);
+        };
-    }
+        KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, errno);
-
+        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = ulong.MaxValue;
-    // POSIX fstat(2): a bad fd maps to EBADF rather than the path-oriented ENOENT.
+        return -1;
-    public static int PosixFstat(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var result = KernelFstat(ctx);
-        return result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
-            ? 0
-            : PosixFailure(ctx, result, notFoundErrno: Ebadf);
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -1678,7 +1621,6 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         var count = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         var idsAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         var sizesAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
-        var errorIndexAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.R8];
         if (pathListAddress == 0 || count == 0 || sizesAddress == 0 || count > 1024)
         {
             KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, Einval);
@@ -1703,8 +1645,12 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             var hostPath = ResolveGuestPath(guestPath);
             if (!TryGetAprFileSize(hostPath, out var fileSize))
             {
-                // Stop at the first miss and report its index.
+                // Per-file resolve: a missing entry gets an invalid id
-                // The caller can then use its normal file-open fallback.
+                // (0xFFFFFFFF, already written above) and size 0, and the batch
+                // CONTINUES. Aborting the whole batch on the first miss left the
+                // remaining paths unresolved and could stall the guest's asset
+                // streaming when a batch happens to include an absent (e.g.
+                // patch/DLC) file; the caller checks per-file id/size.
                 LogIoTrace("apr_resolve", guestPath, $"host='{hostPath}' index={i} count={count} result=not_found");
                 if (sizesAddress != 0 &&
                     !TryWriteUInt64Compat(ctx, sizesAddress + (i * sizeof(ulong)), 0))
@@ -1713,16 +1659,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
                     return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
                 }
 
-                if (errorIndexAddress != 0 &&
+                continue;
-                    !TryWriteUInt32Compat(ctx, errorIndexAddress, (uint)i))
-                {
-                    KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, Efault);
-                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-                }
-
-                KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, 2); // ENOENT
-                ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = ulong.MaxValue;
-                return -1;
             }
 
             var fileId = AmprFileRegistry.Register(guestPath, hostPath);
@@ -2140,15 +2077,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         ExportName = "read",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixRead(CpuContext ctx)
+    public static int PosixRead(CpuContext ctx) => KernelReadUnderscore(ctx);
-    {
-        // On success KernelReadUnderscore writes the byte count into RAX, which
-        // the import bridge prefers over this return value.
-        var result = KernelReadUnderscore(ctx);
-        return result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
-            ? 0
-            : PosixFailure(ctx, result, notFoundErrno: Ebadf);
-    }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "Cg4srZ6TKbU",
@@ -2347,15 +2276,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         ExportName = "write",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixWrite(CpuContext ctx)
+    public static int PosixWrite(CpuContext ctx) => KernelWriteUnderscore(ctx);
-    {
-        // On success KernelWriteUnderscore writes the byte count into RAX, which
-        // the import bridge prefers over this return value.
-        var result = KernelWriteUnderscore(ctx);
-        return result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK
-            ? 0
-            : PosixFailure(ctx, result, notFoundErrno: Ebadf);
-    }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "4wSze92BhLI",
@@ -2390,37 +2311,6 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "smIj7eqzZE8",
-        ExportName = "clock_getres",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int ClockGetres(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var timespecAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-
-        // POSIX allows a null resolution pointer: the call then only validates
-        // the clock id, which every id a title passes here does.
-        if (timespecAddress == 0)
-        {
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-        }
-
-        // clock_gettime above is backed by DateTimeOffset.UtcNow, whose tick is
-        // 100 ns, so that is the honest resolution to report rather than the 1 ns
-        // a caller might otherwise assume it can rely on.
-        const ulong ResolutionNanoseconds = 100;
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(timespecAddress, 0) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(timespecAddress + sizeof(long), ResolutionNanoseconds))
-        {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-        }
-
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "vNe1w4diLCs",
         ExportName = "__tls_get_addr",
@@ -2921,51 +2811,12 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
     public static int KernelMapDirectMemory(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        return MapDirectMemoryCore(
+        var inOutAddressPointer = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-            ctx,
+        var length = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-            inOutAddressPointer: ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi],
+        var protection = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
-            length: ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi],
+        var flags = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
-            protection: unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]),
+        var directMemoryStart = ctx[CpuRegister.R8];
-            flags: ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx],
+        var alignment = ctx[CpuRegister.R9];
-            directMemoryStart: ctx[CpuRegister.R8],
-            alignment: ctx[CpuRegister.R9]);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "BQQniolj9tQ",
-        ExportName = "sceKernelMapDirectMemory2",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int KernelMapDirectMemory2(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        // The "2" variant inserts a memoryType argument (rdx) ahead of v1's
-        // protection, shifting protection/flags/directMemoryStart down one
-        // register each and pushing alignment onto the stack (the 7th argument,
-        // at [rsp + 8], above the return address). The memoryType only selects
-        // cache/GPU access attributes, which this HLE does not model per
-        // mapping, so it is accepted but does not affect placement.
-        ulong alignment = 0;
-        _ = ctx.TryReadUInt64(ctx[CpuRegister.Rsp] + sizeof(ulong), out alignment);
-
-        return MapDirectMemoryCore(
-            ctx,
-            inOutAddressPointer: ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi],
-            length: ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi],
-            protection: unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx]),
-            flags: ctx[CpuRegister.R8],
-            directMemoryStart: ctx[CpuRegister.R9],
-            alignment: alignment);
-    }
-
-    private static int MapDirectMemoryCore(
-        CpuContext ctx,
-        ulong inOutAddressPointer,
-        ulong length,
-        int protection,
-        ulong flags,
-        ulong directMemoryStart,
-        ulong alignment)
-    {
         if (ShouldTraceDirectMemory())
         {
             Console.Error.WriteLine(
@@ -3078,7 +2929,6 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
 
-        GuestWriteWatch.OnDirectMapping(mappedAddress, length, protection);
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
@@ -3461,7 +3311,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
     public static int KernelDirectMemoryQuery(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         var offset = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var flags = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        _ = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]; // flags
         var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
         var infoSize = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
         if (infoAddress == 0 || infoSize < 24)
@@ -3469,90 +3319,27 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
         }
 
-        if (offset >= DirectMemorySizeBytes)
-        {
-            // Real hardware returns EACCES here (0x8002000D), not ENOENT.
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DELETED;
-        }
-
-        var findNext = (flags & 1) != 0;
-        var found = false;
-        var matchStart = 0UL;
-        var matchEnd = 0UL;
-        var matchMemoryType = 0;
-
         lock (_memoryGate)
         {
-            var candidates = _directAllocations.Values
+            foreach (var block in _directAllocations.Values)
-                .Where(block => findNext
-                    ? block.Start + block.Length > offset
-                    : offset >= block.Start && offset < block.Start + block.Length)
-                .OrderBy(block => block.Start);
-
-            foreach (var block in candidates)
             {
-                found = true;
+                if (offset < block.Start || offset >= block.Start + block.Length)
-                matchStart = block.Start;
+                {
-                matchEnd = block.Start + block.Length;
+                    continue;
-                matchMemoryType = block.MemoryType;
+                }
-                break;
+
+                if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(infoAddress, block.Start) ||
+                    !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(infoAddress + sizeof(ulong), block.Start + block.Length) ||
+                    !TryWriteInt32(ctx, infoAddress + (sizeof(ulong) * 2), block.MemoryType))
+                {
+                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
+                }
+
+                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
             }
         }
 
-        if (!found)
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-        {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DELETED;
-        }
-
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(infoAddress, matchStart) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(infoAddress + sizeof(ulong), matchEnd) ||
-            !TryWriteInt32(ctx, infoAddress + (sizeof(ulong) * 2), matchMemoryType))
-        {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-        }
-
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// POSIX alias of <see cref="KernelMprotect"/>; identical (addr, len, prot)
-    /// argument order. Imported by libcohtml, whose embedded V8 changes page
-    /// permissions through this name when moving JIT pages between writable and
-    /// executable.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "YQOfxL4QfeU",
-        ExportName = "mprotect",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixMprotect(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMprotect(ctx);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// POSIX alias of <see cref="KernelMunmap"/>; identical (addr, len) argument
-    /// order.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "UqDGjXA5yUM",
-        ExportName = "munmap",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixMunmap(CpuContext ctx) => KernelMunmap(ctx);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Reports the 16 KiB page granularity this backend maps and aligns against
-    /// (<see cref="OrbisPageSize"/>), not the host's 4 KiB. An allocator that
-    /// rounded to the host value would hand back sub-page offsets that every
-    /// mapping call here then rejects for misalignment.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "k+AXqu2-eBc",
-        ExportName = "getpagesize",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixGetPageSize(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = OrbisPageSize;
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -4685,8 +4472,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             allowSearch: false,
             allowAllocateAtAlternative: false,
             "reserve fixed range",
-            out _,
+            out _);
-            backPartialOverlap: true);
     }
 
     internal static bool IsGuestRangeBacked(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, ulong length)
@@ -4887,7 +4673,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
                 !guestPath.StartsWith("/", StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
                 !guestPath.StartsWith("\\", StringComparison.Ordinal))
             {
-                var relative = NormalizeMountRelativePath(guestPath);
+                var relative = guestPath.Replace('/', Path.DirectorySeparatorChar);
                 return Path.Combine(app0Root, relative);
             }
         }
@@ -4962,40 +4748,12 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return _cachedApp0Root;
     }
 
-    // Resolves "." and ".." inside a mount-relative guest path and clamps the
-    // result at the mount root, so a guest path can never escape into the host
-    // filesystem. Unreal Engine titles depend on this: their base directory is
-    // <app>/binaries/<platform>, so they address content with "../../../"
-    // prefixes that land back inside /app0 on real hardware. Combining those
-    // raw against the app0 root walked out of the game folder entirely, so the
-    // title enumerated an unrelated host directory and never found its .pak files.
     private static string NormalizeMountRelativePath(string relativePath)
     {
-        var segments = relativePath.Split(
+        return relativePath
-            new[] { '/', '\\' },
+            .TrimStart('/', '\\')
-            StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+            .Replace('/', Path.DirectorySeparatorChar)
-        var resolved = new List<string>(segments.Length);
+            .Replace('\\', Path.DirectorySeparatorChar);
-        foreach (var segment in segments)
-        {
-            if (segment == ".")
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (segment == "..")
-            {
-                if (resolved.Count > 0)
-                {
-                    resolved.RemoveAt(resolved.Count - 1);
-                }
-
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            resolved.Add(segment);
-        }
-
-        return string.Join(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, resolved);
     }
 
     private static string ResolveDevlogAppRoot()
@@ -5818,74 +5576,6 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return true;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Inserts <paramref name="replacement"/> into the tracked-region table,
-    /// carving it out of any regions it overlaps and preserving the parts of
-    /// those regions that fall outside it.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <remarks>
-    /// The table is a SortedList keyed by start address, so assigning directly
-    /// destroys any existing entry that happens to share a start address. That
-    /// silently discarded enclosing reservations: a title reserves a large range
-    /// and then commits a small mapping at the same base, and the record of
-    /// everything past the small mapping disappears — leaving sceKernelVirtualQuery
-    /// unable to find memory the guest legitimately owns.
-    ///
-    /// Carving also keeps the table non-overlapping. Previously a new region
-    /// starting inside an existing one produced two overlapping entries, which
-    /// the ordered scan in TryFindVirtualQueryRegionLocked is not written to
-    /// expect.
-    /// </remarks>
-    private static void ReplaceMappedRegionRangeLocked(MappedRegion replacement)
-    {
-        if (replacement.Length == 0 ||
-            !TryAddU64(replacement.Address, replacement.Length, out var replacementEnd))
-        {
-            _mappedRegions[replacement.Address] = replacement;
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var start = replacement.Address;
-        List<MappedRegion>? overlapping = null;
-        foreach (var region in _mappedRegions.Values)
-        {
-            if (region.Length == 0 ||
-                !TryAddU64(region.Address, region.Length, out var regionEnd))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (region.Address < replacementEnd && regionEnd > start)
-            {
-                (overlapping ??= []).Add(region);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (overlapping is not null)
-        {
-            foreach (var region in overlapping)
-            {
-                _mappedRegions.Remove(region.Address);
-            }
-
-            foreach (var region in overlapping)
-            {
-                var regionEnd = region.Address + region.Length;
-                if (region.Address < start)
-                {
-                    AddMappedRegionSliceLocked(region, region.Address, start, region.Protection);
-                }
-
-                if (regionEnd > replacementEnd)
-                {
-                    AddMappedRegionSliceLocked(region, replacementEnd, regionEnd, region.Protection);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        _mappedRegions[start] = replacement;
-    }
-
     private static void AddMappedRegionSliceLocked(
         MappedRegion source,
         ulong start,
@@ -6304,7 +5994,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return highWaterMark;
     }
 
-    private static unsafe bool TryReadHostMemory(ulong address, Span<byte> destination)
+    private static bool TryReadHostMemory(ulong address, Span<byte> destination)
     {
         if (destination.IsEmpty || !IsHostRangeAccessible(address, (ulong)destination.Length, writeAccess: false))
         {
@@ -6313,7 +6003,9 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
 
         try
         {
-            new ReadOnlySpan<byte>((void*)address, destination.Length).CopyTo(destination);
+            var temporary = new byte[destination.Length];
+            Marshal.Copy((nint)address, temporary, 0, temporary.Length);
+            temporary.AsSpan().CopyTo(destination);
             return true;
         }
         catch
@@ -6353,41 +6045,6 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return false;
     }
 
-    internal static bool TryReadShaderGuestMemory(
-        ulong address,
-        Span<byte> destination)
-    {
-        if (destination.IsEmpty)
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (TryReadTrackedLibcHeap(address, destination))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        var length = (ulong)destination.Length;
-        lock (_memoryGate)
-        {
-            if (TryFindVirtualQueryRegionLocked(
-                    address,
-                    findNext: false,
-                    out var region) &&
-                length <= region.Length &&
-                address >= region.Address &&
-                length <= region.Address + region.Length - address)
-            {
-                return TryReadHostMemory(address, destination);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Direct execution uses guest virtual addresses as host virtual addresses.
-        // Some native mmap paths predate _mappedRegions tracking, so retain the same
-        // committed/readable-page fallback used by the libc compatibility layer.
-        return TryReadHostMemory(address, destination);
-    }
-
     internal static bool TryReadTrackedLibcHeapGpuAlias(
         ulong packedAddress,
         Span<byte> destination)
@@ -6667,7 +6324,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return value != 0 && (value & (value - 1)) == 0;
     }
 
-    private static unsafe bool TryWriteHostMemory(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
+    private static bool TryWriteHostMemory(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
     {
         if (source.IsEmpty || !IsHostRangeAccessible(address, (ulong)source.Length, writeAccess: true))
         {
@@ -6676,7 +6333,8 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
 
         try
         {
-            source.CopyTo(new Span<byte>((void*)address, source.Length));
+            var temporary = source.ToArray();
+            Marshal.Copy(temporary, 0, (nint)address, temporary.Length);
             return true;
         }
         catch
@@ -6703,37 +6361,20 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             return false;
         }
 
-        var endAddress = address + length - 1;
+        if (!TryQueryHostPage(address, out var startInfo) || !HasRequiredProtection(startInfo.Protect, writeAccess))
-        var currentAddress = address;
-        while (currentAddress <= endAddress)
         {
-            if (!TryQueryHostPage(currentAddress, out var info) ||
+            return false;
-                !HasRequiredProtection(info.Protect, writeAccess))
+        }
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
 
-            var regionBase = unchecked((ulong)info.BaseAddress);
+        var endAddress = address + length - 1;
-            var regionSize = (ulong)info.RegionSize;
+        if (endAddress == address)
-            if (regionSize == 0 ||
+        {
-                regionBase > currentAddress ||
+            return true;
-                ulong.MaxValue - regionBase < regionSize)
+        }
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
 
-            var regionEnd = regionBase + regionSize;
+        if (!TryQueryHostPage(endAddress, out var endInfo) || !HasRequiredProtection(endInfo.Protect, writeAccess))
-            if (regionEnd <= currentAddress)
+        {
-            {
+            return false;
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (regionEnd > endAddress)
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            currentAddress = regionEnd;
         }
 
         return true;

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelPthreadCompatExports.cs

@@ -41,87 +41,18 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
 
     private sealed class PthreadMutexState
     {
-        private long _ownerThreadId;
+        public ulong OwnerThreadId { get; set; }
-        private int _recursionCount;
+        public int RecursionCount { get; set; }
-        private int _queuedWaiterCount;
-
-        public Lock SyncRoot { get; } = new();
-        public ulong OwnerThreadId
-        {
-            get => unchecked((ulong)Volatile.Read(ref _ownerThreadId));
-            set => Volatile.Write(ref _ownerThreadId, unchecked((long)value));
-        }
-
-        public int RecursionCount
-        {
-            get => Volatile.Read(ref _recursionCount);
-            set => Volatile.Write(ref _recursionCount, value);
-        }
-
-        public int QueuedWaiterCount => Volatile.Read(ref _queuedWaiterCount);
         public int Type { get; set; } = MutexTypeErrorCheck;
         public int Protocol { get; set; }
         public LinkedList<PthreadMutexWaiter> Waiters { get; } = new();
-
-        public bool TryAcquireUncontended(ulong threadId, bool allowWaiterBarge)
-        {
-            if (!allowWaiterBarge && QueuedWaiterCount != 0)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            return TryAcquireOwner(threadId);
-        }
-
-        public bool TryAcquireOwner(ulong threadId)
-        {
-            if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(
-                    ref _ownerThreadId,
-                    unchecked((long)threadId),
-                    0) != 0)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            Volatile.Write(ref _recursionCount, 1);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        public bool TryReleaseUncontended(ulong threadId)
-        {
-            if (QueuedWaiterCount != 0 || RecursionCount != 1)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            Volatile.Write(ref _recursionCount, 0);
-            if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(
-                    ref _ownerThreadId,
-                    0,
-                    unchecked((long)threadId)) == unchecked((long)threadId))
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            Volatile.Write(ref _recursionCount, 1);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        public int IncrementRecursion() => Interlocked.Increment(ref _recursionCount);
-
-        public int DecrementRecursion() => Interlocked.Decrement(ref _recursionCount);
-
-        public void WaiterAddedLocked() => Interlocked.Increment(ref _queuedWaiterCount);
-
-        public void WaiterRemovedLocked() => Interlocked.Decrement(ref _queuedWaiterCount);
     }
 
     private sealed class PthreadMutexWaiter
     {
         public required ulong ThreadId { get; init; }
         public required string WakeKey { get; init; }
-        public required bool Cooperative { get; set; }
+        public required bool Cooperative { get; init; }
-        public ManualResetEventSlim? HostSignal { get; set; }
         public LinkedListNode<PthreadMutexWaiter>? Node { get; set; }
         public int Granted;
     }
@@ -163,10 +94,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
     public static int PthreadSelf(CpuContext ctx)
     {
         var currentThreadHandle = KernelPthreadState.GetCurrentThreadHandle();
-        if (GuestThreadExecution.CurrentGuestThreadHandle != currentThreadHandle)
+        GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler?.RegisterGuestThreadContext(currentThreadHandle, ctx);
-        {
-            GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler?.RegisterGuestThreadContext(currentThreadHandle, ctx);
-        }
         ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = currentThreadHandle;
         TracePthreadSelf(ctx, currentThreadHandle);
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
@@ -211,13 +139,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "B5GmVDKwpn0",
-        ExportName = "pthread_yield",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixPthreadYield(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadYield(ctx);
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "GBUY7ywdULE",
         ExportName = "scePthreadRename",
@@ -650,30 +571,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// The POSIX-named alias of <see cref="PthreadOnce"/>. libKernel exports the
-    /// same routine under two NIDs, and shipped middleware links the plain name:
-    /// DOOM's libcohtml, PlayFab and party modules all import this one rather
-    /// than scePthreadOnce.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "Z4QosVuAsA0",
-        ExportName = "pthread_once",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadOncePOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadOnce(ctx);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// The POSIX-named alias of <see cref="PthreadRename"/>, following the same
-    /// two-NID pattern as <see cref="PthreadOncePOSIX"/>.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "9vyP6Z7bqzc",
-        ExportName = "pthread_rename_np",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadRenameNpPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadRename(ctx);
-
     private static int PthreadMutexInitCore(CpuContext ctx, ulong mutexAddress, ulong attrAddress)
     {
         if (mutexAddress == 0)
@@ -724,7 +621,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
         }
 
-        lock (state.SyncRoot)
+        lock (state)
         {
             if (state.OwnerThreadId != 0 || state.RecursionCount != 0 || state.Waiters.Count != 0)
             {
@@ -756,63 +653,11 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         }
 
         var currentThreadId = KernelPthreadState.GetCurrentThreadHandle();
-        if (state.TryAcquireUncontended(currentThreadId, allowWaiterBarge: tryOnly))
-        {
-            TracePthreadMutex(ctx, tryOnly ? "trylock" : "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-        }
-
-        if (state.OwnerThreadId == currentThreadId)
-        {
-            if (state.Type == MutexTypeRecursive)
-            {
-                state.IncrementRecursion();
-                TracePthreadMutex(ctx, tryOnly ? "trylock" : "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-            }
-
-            if (!tryOnly && state.Type == MutexTypeAdaptiveNp &&
-                IsGuestTrackedSelfLock(ctx, mutexAddress, currentThreadId))
-            {
-                TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DEADLOCK);
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DEADLOCK;
-            }
-
-            if (state.Type == MutexTypeAdaptiveNp)
-            {
-                var adaptiveResult = tryOnly
-                    ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY
-                    : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-                TracePthreadMutex(ctx, tryOnly ? "trylock" : "lock-idempotent", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, adaptiveResult);
-                return adaptiveResult;
-            }
-
-            if (state.Type == MutexTypeNormal)
-            {
-                if (tryOnly)
-                {
-                    TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "trylock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY);
-                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
-                }
-
-                state.IncrementRecursion();
-                TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-            }
-
-            var ownedResult = tryOnly
-                ? (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY
-                : (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DEADLOCK;
-            TracePthreadMutex(ctx, tryOnly ? "trylock" : "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, ownedResult);
-            return ownedResult;
-        }
-
         var canCooperativelyBlock = !tryOnly &&
             GuestThreadExecution.IsGuestThread &&
             GuestThreadExecution.TryGetCurrentImportCallFrame(out _);
         PthreadMutexWaiter? waiter = null;
-        var acquiredWhileQueueing = false;
+        lock (state)
-        lock (state.SyncRoot)
         {
             if (state.OwnerThreadId == currentThreadId)
             {
@@ -823,30 +668,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
                     return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
                 }
 
-                if (!tryOnly && state.Type == MutexTypeAdaptiveNp &&
+                if (state.Type is MutexTypeNormal or MutexTypeAdaptiveNp)
-                    IsGuestTrackedSelfLock(ctx, mutexAddress, currentThreadId))
-                {
-                    TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DEADLOCK);
-                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DEADLOCK;
-                }
-
-                if (state.Type == MutexTypeAdaptiveNp)
-                {
-                    if (tryOnly)
-                    {
-                        TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "trylock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY);
-                        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
-                    }
-
-                    // Gen5 runtime wrappers can layer an adaptive lock call over
-                    // scePthreadMutexLock for one logical acquisition, followed by
-                    // only one unlock. Keep the duplicate acquisition idempotent so
-                    // the matching unlock fully releases the HLE mutex.
-                    TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "lock-idempotent", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-                }
-
-                if (state.Type == MutexTypeNormal)
                 {
                     if (tryOnly)
                     {
@@ -855,7 +677,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
                     }
 
                     // Several Gen5 runtimes layer their own owner/count bookkeeping
-                    // over a NORMAL kernel mutex. Returning EDEADLK here
+                    // over a NORMAL or ADAPTIVE kernel mutex. Returning EDEADLK here
                     // leaves that guest bookkeeping out of sync with the HLE owner and
                     // turns the wrapper into a permanent lock/unlock retry loop. Keep
                     // the compatibility recursion used by the original implementation;
@@ -874,17 +696,10 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
                 }
             }
 
-            // pthread_mutex_trylock succeeds whenever the mutex is not currently
+            if (state.OwnerThreadId == 0 && state.Waiters.Count == 0)
-            // held; unlike the blocking lock it does not queue behind waiters
-            // (POSIX gives it no fairness obligation). Gating trylock on an empty
-            // wait queue is wrong and, worse, lets a single stale/undrainable
-            // waiter wedge a spin-on-trylock loop forever even though the mutex
-            // is free (owner==0). The blocking lock still honours FIFO so real
-            // blocked waiters are not starved by a barging locker.
-            if (state.OwnerThreadId == 0 &&
-                (tryOnly || state.Waiters.Count == 0) &&
-                state.TryAcquireOwner(currentThreadId))
             {
+                state.OwnerThreadId = currentThreadId;
+                state.RecursionCount = 1;
                 TracePthreadMutex(ctx, tryOnly ? "trylock" : "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
             }
@@ -896,14 +711,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
             }
 
             waiter = EnqueueMutexWaiterLocked(state, currentThreadId, canCooperativelyBlock);
-            acquiredWhileQueueing = TryGrantMutexWaiterLocked(state, waiter);
-        }
-
-        if (acquiredWhileQueueing)
-        {
-            waiter!.HostSignal?.Dispose();
-            TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "lock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
         }
 
         if (canCooperativelyBlock && waiter is not null &&
@@ -937,29 +744,8 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         }
 
         var currentThreadId = KernelPthreadState.GetCurrentThreadHandle();
-        if (state.OwnerThreadId == currentThreadId)
+        string? nextWakeKey = null;
-        {
+        lock (state)
-            if (state.RecursionCount > 1)
-            {
-                state.DecrementRecursion();
-                TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "unlock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-            }
-
-            if (state.TryReleaseUncontended(currentThreadId))
-            {
-                if (state.QueuedWaiterCount != 0)
-                {
-                    WakeFirstMutexWaiter(state);
-                }
-
-                TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "unlock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-            }
-        }
-
-        PthreadMutexWaiter? nextWaiter = null;
-        lock (state.SyncRoot)
         {
             if (state.RecursionCount <= 0)
             {
@@ -977,29 +763,16 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
             if (state.RecursionCount == 0)
             {
                 state.OwnerThreadId = 0;
-
+                nextWakeKey = state.Waiters.First?.Value.Cooperative == true
-                // Hand the mutex directly to the head waiter instead of only
+                    ? state.Waiters.First.Value.WakeKey
-                // waking it and relying on it to re-acquire. A woken waiter that
+                    : null;
-                // fails to self-grant (its wake races or is lost) would leave the
+                Monitor.PulseAll(state);
-                // mutex "free with a queued waiter"; the fast-acquire path refuses
-                // such a mutex (OwnerThreadId == 0 && Waiters.Count == 0), so every
-                // later locker — including the game's main thread — then queues
-                // behind a head that never advances and the process wedges.
-                if (state.Waiters.First is { } headNode &&
-                    TryGrantMutexWaiterLocked(state, headNode.Value))
-                {
-                    nextWaiter = headNode.Value;
-                    if (!nextWaiter.Cooperative)
-                    {
-                        nextWaiter.HostSignal!.Set();
-                    }
-                }
             }
         }
 
-        if (nextWaiter is { Cooperative: true })
+        if (nextWakeKey is not null)
         {
-            _ = GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler?.WakeBlockedThreads(nextWaiter.WakeKey, 1);
+            _ = GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler?.WakeBlockedThreads(nextWakeKey, 1);
         }
 
         TracePthreadMutex(ctx, "unlock", mutexAddress, resolvedAddress, state, currentThreadId, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
@@ -1459,22 +1232,8 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         }
 
         var currentThreadId = KernelPthreadState.GetCurrentThreadHandle();
-        lock (mutexState.SyncRoot)
+        lock (mutexState)
         {
-            if (mutexState.OwnerThreadId == 0 && mutexState.RecursionCount == 0)
-            {
-                // The guest holds the mutex through a path our host-side tracking
-                // never observed — most commonly libkernel's uncontended userspace
-                // fast-path, which locks the mutex word directly without an HLE
-                // call. Real pthread_cond_wait requires the caller to own the
-                // mutex and does not verify it for normal mutexes, so returning
-                // EPERM here is wrong: it spins the guest and, worse, leaves the
-                // mutex held (the unlock below is skipped), wedging every thread
-                // that later blocks on pthread_mutex_lock. Adopt ownership so the
-                // unlock/wait/re-lock cycle is balanced and releases the mutex.
-                _ = mutexState.TryAcquireOwner(currentThreadId);
-            }
-
             if (mutexState.OwnerThreadId != currentThreadId || mutexState.RecursionCount != 1)
             {
                 return mutexState.OwnerThreadId == currentThreadId
@@ -1626,32 +1385,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         bool cooperative,
         string? wakeKey = null)
     {
-        // A guest thread can have at most one pending acquisition on a mutex —
-        // it is either running or blocked on exactly one wait. If a waiter for
-        // this thread is still queued when it comes back for a fresh
-        // acquisition, that entry is a stale leftover the thread abandoned
-        // (most often a cond_timedwait timeout whose re-acquire hand-off was
-        // lost). Stale entries clog the FIFO head with waiters no thread is
-        // blocked on, so the unlock hand-off wakes a dead wake-key and the
-        // mutex wedges permanently (observed deadlocking Hades: several
-        // re-acquire waiters from one thread piled ahead of a live locker).
-        // Prune any prior entry for this thread before enqueueing the new one.
-        if (threadId != 0)
-        {
-            for (var node = state.Waiters.First; node is not null;)
-            {
-                var next = node.Next;
-                if (node.Value.ThreadId == threadId)
-                {
-                    state.Waiters.Remove(node);
-                    state.WaiterRemovedLocked();
-                    node.Value.Node = null;
-                }
-
-                node = next;
-            }
-        }
-
         var waiter = new PthreadMutexWaiter
         {
             ThreadId = threadId,
@@ -1659,10 +1392,8 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
             WakeKey = cooperative
                 ? wakeKey ?? $"pthread_mutex_waiter:{Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextSynchronizationWaiterId)}"
                 : string.Empty,
-            HostSignal = cooperative ? null : new ManualResetEventSlim(initialState: false),
         };
         waiter.Node = state.Waiters.AddLast(waiter);
-        state.WaiterAddedLocked();
         return waiter;
     }
 
@@ -1672,7 +1403,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         var mutex = new PthreadMutexState();
         PthreadMutexWaiter first;
         PthreadMutexWaiter second;
-        lock (mutex.SyncRoot)
+        lock (mutex)
         {
             first = EnqueueMutexWaiterLocked(mutex, 0x101, cooperative: false);
             second = EnqueueMutexWaiterLocked(mutex, 0x202, cooperative: false);
@@ -1716,72 +1447,26 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!state.TryAcquireOwner(waiter.ThreadId))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
         state.Waiters.Remove(waiter.Node);
-        state.WaiterRemovedLocked();
         waiter.Node = null;
+        state.OwnerThreadId = waiter.ThreadId;
+        state.RecursionCount = 1;
         Volatile.Write(ref waiter.Granted, 1);
+        Monitor.PulseAll(state);
         return true;
     }
 
-    private static void WakeFirstMutexWaiter(PthreadMutexState state)
-    {
-        PthreadMutexWaiter? nextWaiter;
-        lock (state.SyncRoot)
-        {
-            if (state.OwnerThreadId != 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            nextWaiter = state.Waiters.First?.Value;
-            if (nextWaiter is { Cooperative: false })
-            {
-                nextWaiter.HostSignal!.Set();
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (nextWaiter is { Cooperative: true })
-        {
-            _ = GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler?.WakeBlockedThreads(nextWaiter.WakeKey, 1);
-        }
-    }
-
     private static int WaitForHostMutexLock(PthreadMutexState state, PthreadMutexWaiter waiter)
     {
-        ManualResetEventSlim? hostSignal = null;
+        lock (state)
-        try
         {
-            while (true)
+            while (!TryGrantMutexWaiterLocked(state, waiter))
             {
-                lock (state.SyncRoot)
+                Monitor.Wait(state);
-                {
-                    if (waiter.HostSignal is null)
-                    {
-                        waiter.Cooperative = false;
-                        waiter.HostSignal = new ManualResetEventSlim(initialState: false);
-                    }
-
-                    hostSignal = waiter.HostSignal;
-                    if (TryGrantMutexWaiterLocked(state, waiter))
-                    {
-                        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-                    }
-
-                    hostSignal.Reset();
-                }
-
-                hostSignal.Wait();
             }
         }
-        finally
+
-        {
+        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-            hostSignal?.Dispose();
-        }
     }
 
     private static bool TryGrantBlockedMutexLock(
@@ -1792,7 +1477,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         PthreadMutexWaiter waiter)
     {
         var granted = false;
-        lock (state.SyncRoot)
+        lock (state)
         {
             granted = TryGrantMutexWaiterLocked(state, waiter);
         }
@@ -1826,10 +1511,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
     }
 
-    private static bool IsGuestTrackedSelfLock(CpuContext ctx, ulong mutexAddress, ulong currentThreadId) =>
-        KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryReadUInt64Compat(ctx, mutexAddress + 8, out var guestOwner) &&
-        guestOwner == currentThreadId;
-
     private static bool CompleteCondWaiterLocked(
         PthreadCondState state,
         PthreadCondWaiter waiter,
@@ -1845,7 +1526,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
         waiter.TimeoutTimer?.Dispose();
         waiter.TimeoutTimer = null;
 
-        lock (waiter.MutexState.SyncRoot)
+        lock (waiter.MutexState)
         {
             waiter.MutexWaiter = EnqueueMutexWaiterLocked(
                 waiter.MutexState,
@@ -1893,7 +1574,7 @@ public static class KernelPthreadCompatExports
             return false;
         }
 
-        lock (waiter.MutexState.SyncRoot)
+        lock (waiter.MutexState)
         {
             return TryGrantMutexWaiterLocked(waiter.MutexState, mutexWaiter);
         }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports.cs

@@ -860,18 +860,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// The POSIX-named alias of <see cref="PthreadAttrGetschedparam"/>. libKernel
-    /// exports the same routine under two NIDs; middleware compiled against the
-    /// plain POSIX headers links this one rather than scePthreadAttrGetschedparam.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "qlk9pSLsUmM",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_getschedparam",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrGetschedparamPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrGetschedparam(ctx);
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "FXPWHNk8Of0",
         ExportName = "scePthreadAttrGetschedparam",
@@ -1145,90 +1133,6 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
     public static int PosixPthreadRwlockWrlock(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadRwlockWrlock(ctx);
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "SFxTMOfuCkE",
-        ExportName = "pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixPthreadRwlockTryrdlock(CpuContext ctx) =>
-        PthreadRwlockTryLockCore(ctx, ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], write: false);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "XhWHn6P5R7U",
-        ExportName = "pthread_rwlock_trywrlock",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixPthreadRwlockTrywrlock(CpuContext ctx) =>
-        PthreadRwlockTryLockCore(ctx, ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi], write: true);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Non-blocking counterpart of <see cref="PthreadRwlockLockCore"/>: acquires
-    /// only if the lock is free right now, otherwise reports BUSY.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <remarks>
-    /// Deliberately not routed through TryAcquireBlockedRwlock. That helper exists
-    /// for the scheduler resume path and decrements WaitingWriters on success,
-    /// which is correct only for a thread that previously incremented it. A fresh
-    /// try never did, so reusing it would silently consume another thread's
-    /// waiter count and let a queued writer be skipped.
-    /// </remarks>
-    private static int PthreadRwlockTryLockCore(CpuContext ctx, ulong rwlockAddress, bool write)
-    {
-        if (rwlockAddress == 0)
-        {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-        }
-
-        if (!TryResolveRwlockState(ctx, rwlockAddress, createIfZero: true, out var resolvedAddress, out var rwlock))
-        {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-        }
-
-        var currentThreadId = KernelPthreadState.GetCurrentThreadHandle();
-        lock (rwlock.SyncRoot)
-        {
-            if (write)
-            {
-                if (rwlock.WriterThreadId == currentThreadId || rwlock.GetReaderCount(currentThreadId) > 0)
-                {
-                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DEADLOCK;
-                }
-
-                // Mirrors the blocking path's re-entrant compat-writer grant so the
-                // two agree on what counts as already owning the lock.
-                if (rwlock.CompatWriterCounts.GetValueOrDefault(currentThreadId) > 0)
-                {
-                    rwlock.AddCompatWriter(currentThreadId);
-                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-                }
-
-                if (rwlock.WriterThreadId != 0 ||
-                    rwlock.ReaderTotalCount != 0 ||
-                    rwlock.CompatWriterTotalCount != 0)
-                {
-                    return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
-                }
-
-                DetectRwlockWriterConflict(resolvedAddress, rwlock, currentThreadId, "trywrlock");
-                rwlock.WriterThreadId = currentThreadId;
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-            }
-
-            if (rwlock.WriterThreadId == currentThreadId)
-            {
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_DEADLOCK;
-            }
-
-            if (ReaderMustWaitForRwlock(rwlock, currentThreadId))
-            {
-                return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY;
-            }
-
-            rwlock.AddReader(currentThreadId);
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-        }
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "+L98PIbGttk",
         ExportName = "scePthreadRwlockUnlock",
@@ -1915,94 +1819,4 @@ public static class KernelPthreadExtendedCompatExports
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(bytes, value);
         return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, bytes);
     }
-
-    // POSIX-named aliases. libKernel exports each of these routines under two
-    // NIDs -- a scePthread* name and the plain POSIX name -- and middleware
-    // compiled against POSIX headers links the latter. Both take identical
-    // arguments and, per the convention already used by scePthreadOnce's alias,
-    // return the same OrbisGen2Result rather than translating to errno.
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "a2P9wYGeZvc",
-        ExportName = "pthread_setprio",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadSetprioPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadSetprio(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "FIs3-UQT9sg",
-        ExportName = "pthread_getschedparam",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadGetschedparamPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadGetschedparam(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "vQm4fDEsWi8",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_getstack",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrGetstackPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrGetstack(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "Ucsu-OK+els",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_get_np",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrGetNpPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrGet(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "JarMIy8kKEY",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_setschedpolicy",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrSetschedpolicyPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrSetschedpolicy(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "E+tyo3lp5Lw",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_setdetachstate",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrSetdetachstatePOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrSetdetachstate(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "euKRgm0Vn2M",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_setschedparam",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrSetschedparamPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrSetschedparam(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "7ZlAakEf0Qg",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_setinheritsched",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrSetinheritschedPOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrSetinheritsched(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "0qOtCR-ZHck",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_getstacksize",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrGetstacksizePOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrGetstacksize(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "VUT1ZSrHT0I",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_getdetachstate",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrGetdetachstatePOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrGetdetachstate(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "JKyG3SWyA10",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_setguardsize",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrSetguardsizePOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrSetguardsize(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "JNkVVsVDmOk",
-        ExportName = "pthread_attr_getguardsize",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadAttrGetguardsizePOSIX(CpuContext ctx) => PthreadAttrGetguardsize(ctx);
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelRuntimeCompatExports.cs

@@ -2058,13 +2058,6 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
     public static int KernelNanosleep(CpuContext ctx) => NanosleepCore(ctx, posix: false);
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "NhpspxdjEKU",
-        ExportName = "_nanosleep",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixNanosleepUnderscore(CpuContext ctx) => NanosleepCore(ctx, posix: true);
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "yS8U2TGCe1A",
         ExportName = "nanosleep",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelSemaphoreCompatExports.cs

@@ -428,22 +428,6 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
         return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "GEnUkDZoUwY",
-        ExportName = "scePthreadSemInit",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadSemInit(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        // scePthreadSemInit(sem, flag, value, name) seems to only support private semaphores
-        if (ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi] != 0)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-        }
-
-        return PosixSemInit(ctx);
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "YCV5dGGBcCo",
         ExportName = "sem_wait",
@@ -462,13 +446,6 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
         return KernelWaitSema(ctx);
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "C36iRE0F5sE",
-        ExportName = "scePthreadSemWait",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadSemWait(CpuContext ctx) => PosixSemWait(ctx);
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "WBWzsRifCEA",
         ExportName = "sem_trywait",
@@ -486,19 +463,6 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
         return KernelPollSema(ctx, handle, 1);
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "H2a+IN9TP0E",
-        ExportName = "scePthreadSemTrywait",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadSemTryWait(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var result = PosixSemTryWait(ctx);
-        return result == (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_BUSY
-            ? SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN)
-            : result;
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "w5IHyvahg-o",
         ExportName = "sem_timedwait",
@@ -535,13 +499,6 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
         return KernelSignalSema(ctx, handle, 1);
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "aishVAiFaYM",
-        ExportName = "scePthreadSemPost",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadSemPost(CpuContext ctx) => PosixSemPost(ctx);
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "Bq+LRV-N6Hk",
         ExportName = "sem_getvalue",
@@ -592,13 +549,6 @@ public static class KernelSemaphoreCompatExports
         return result;
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "Vwc+L05e6oE",
-        ExportName = "scePthreadSemDestroy",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PthreadSemDestroy(CpuContext ctx) => PosixSemDestroy(ctx);
-
     private static bool TryGetPosixSemaphoreHandle(CpuContext ctx, ulong semaphoreAddress, out uint handle)
     {
         handle = 0;

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelSyncOnAddressCompatExports.cs

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
-using System.Threading;
-using SharpEmu.HLE;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
-
-// libKernel's address-wait primitives (sceKernelSyncOnAddress*) are the PS5's
-// futex-style wait/wake: a thread parks on a guest address until another thread
-// wakes that address. Guest runtimes (seen driving Juicy Realm, PPSA19268)
-// build their own spinlocks/queues on top of it and call the wait in a hot
-// loop; left unimplemented, every wait returns immediately and the runtime
-// busy-spins forever (millions of calls, no forward progress).
-//
-// This implements wait/wake over the existing cooperative-block scheduler,
-// keyed on the address. The real primitive takes a compare value so the wait
-// only sleeps while the address still holds the expected value; that exact
-// value is not recovered here, so each wait is given a bounded deadline and
-// treated as a spurious-wakeup-tolerant park: a genuinely missed wake
-// self-heals when the deadline expires and the guest re-checks its own
-// condition, which futex callers already tolerate. A matching wake releases
-// waiters immediately through the same key.
-public static class KernelSyncOnAddressCompatExports
-{
-    // Safety-net poll interval. Real releases come from the wake side (generation
-    // bump + WakeBlockedThreads); this only bounds how long a wait that genuinely
-    // raced/missed its wake stays parked before the guest re-evaluates. Kept
-    // large: a short interval turns every parked waiter into a hot re-poll that
-    // steals scheduler bandwidth from the threads that actually make progress
-    // (including the ones that would issue the wake), so it must be a rare last
-    // resort, not a spin substitute.
-    private static readonly TimeSpan WaitSelfHealTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100);
-
-    // Per-address host gate for the non-cooperative (host main thread) fallback,
-    // which cannot use the guest-thread scheduler's block mechanism.
-    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, object> _hostAddressGates = new();
-
-    // Per-address wake generation. A wait captures the current generation and
-    // its wake predicate stays unsatisfied (keeps the thread parked) until a
-    // wake bumps it. This is what actually holds the thread blocked: a bare
-    // "always satisfied" predicate is treated as an immediate late-arrival by
-    // the dispatcher's race guard and never yields, leaving the guest to
-    // busy-spin. The generation also closes the register-vs-park race for free:
-    // a wake landing in that window bumps the generation, so the predicate is
-    // already satisfied and the guest correctly resumes at once.
-    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, long> _wakeGenerations = new();
-
-    private static long CurrentGeneration(ulong address) =>
-        _wakeGenerations.TryGetValue(address, out var generation) ? generation : 0;
-
-    private static string WakeKey(ulong address) => $"sceKernelSyncOnAddress:{address:X16}";
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "Hc4CaR6JBL0",
-        ExportName = "sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int SyncOnAddressWait(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var address = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        if (address == 0)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-        }
-
-        var observedGeneration = CurrentGeneration(address);
-        var deadline = GuestThreadExecution.ComputeDeadlineTimestamp(WaitSelfHealTimeout);
-
-        // Cooperative path: stay parked until a wake bumps this address's
-        // generation (or the deadline expires as a self-heal). The guest
-        // re-evaluates its own condition after resuming.
-        if (GuestThreadExecution.RequestCurrentThreadBlock(
-                ctx,
-                "sceKernelSyncOnAddressWait",
-                WakeKey(address),
-                resumeHandler: () => (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK,
-                wakeHandler: () => CurrentGeneration(address) != observedGeneration,
-                deadline))
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-        }
-
-        // Non-cooperative caller (host main thread): bounded host wait so a
-        // missed wake self-heals instead of hanging.
-        var gate = _hostAddressGates.GetOrAdd(address, static _ => new object());
-        lock (gate)
-        {
-            if (CurrentGeneration(address) == observedGeneration)
-            {
-                Monitor.Wait(gate, WaitSelfHealTimeout);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "q2y-wDIVWZA",
-        ExportName = "sceKernelSyncOnAddressWake",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int SyncOnAddressWake(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var address = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        if (address == 0)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-        }
-
-        // rsi carries the number of waiters to release (1 = wake-one, a large
-        // value = wake-all); default to all if it looks unset.
-        var requested = unchecked((long)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
-        var wakeCount = requested is > 0 and < int.MaxValue ? (int)requested : int.MaxValue;
-
-        // Bump the generation first so a wait that has registered but not yet
-        // parked sees the change and resumes instead of missing this wake.
-        _wakeGenerations.AddOrUpdate(address, 1, static (_, current) => current + 1);
-
-        GuestThreadExecution.Scheduler?.WakeBlockedThreads(WakeKey(address), wakeCount);
-
-        if (_hostAddressGates.TryGetValue(address, out var gate))
-        {
-            lock (gate)
-            {
-                Monitor.PulseAll(gate);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-    }
-
-    private static int SetReturn(CpuContext ctx, OrbisGen2Result result)
-    {
-        var value = (int)result;
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)value);
-        return value;
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelVirtualRangeAllocator.cs

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ internal static class KernelVirtualRangeAllocator
         bool allowSearch,
         bool allowAllocateAtAlternative,
         string traceName,
-        out ulong mappedAddress,
+        out ulong mappedAddress)
-        bool backPartialOverlap = false)
     {
         mappedAddress = 0;
         if (length == 0)
@@ -43,18 +42,6 @@ internal static class KernelVirtualRangeAllocator
                 return true;
             }
 
-            // Fixed mappings must cover the whole requested window even when part of
-            // it is already backed by another allocation. The single-call AllocateAt
-            // below is all-or-nothing and fails outright on partial overlap, leaving
-            // the untouched pages unmapped for the guest to fault into. Fill the free
-            // pages directly instead.
-            if (backPartialOverlap &&
-                addressSpace.TryBackFixedRange(desiredAddress, length, executable))
-            {
-                mappedAddress = desiredAddress;
-                return true;
-            }
-
             var allocated = addressSpace.AllocateAt(desiredAddress, length, executable, allowAllocateAtAlternative);
             if (allocated == 0)
             {

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Network/NetExports.cs

@@ -184,212 +184,6 @@ public static class NetExports
         return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// POSIX alias of <see cref="NetSetsockopt"/>; identical
-    /// (fd, level, option, value, length) argument order.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "fFxGkxF2bVo",
-        ExportName = "setsockopt",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixSetsockopt(CpuContext ctx) => NetSetsockopt(ctx);
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Reads back the socket options this backend actually tracks: SO_NBIO,
-    /// SO_REUSEADDR and SO_ERROR.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <remarks>
-    /// Anything else returns EINVAL rather than a zero-filled buffer. A caller
-    /// that receives success for an option nobody stored would treat whatever
-    /// happens to be in its output buffer as the real setting, which is a harder
-    /// failure to trace than an explicit rejection.
-    /// </remarks>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "6O8EwYOgH9Y",
-        ExportName = "getsockopt",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixGetsockopt(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var id = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var level = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
-        var option = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
-        var valueAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
-        var lengthAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.R8];
-        if (!_sockets.TryGetValue(id, out var socket))
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorBadFileDescriptor, NetErrnoBadFileDescriptor);
-        }
-
-        if (valueAddress == 0 || lengthAddress == 0 || level != 0xFFFF)
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> lengthBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(lengthAddress, lengthBytes))
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-
-        if (BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32LittleEndian(lengthBytes) < sizeof(int))
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-
-        int value;
-        switch (option)
-        {
-            // ORBIS_NET_SO_NBIO: mirrors what sceNetSetsockopt stored.
-            case 0x1200:
-                value = socket.Blocking ? 0 : 1;
-                break;
-            case 0x0004:
-                value = (int)socket.GetSocketOption(
-                    SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
-                    SocketOptionName.ReuseAddress)! != 0 ? 1 : 0;
-                break;
-            // ORBIS_NET_SO_ERROR: nothing here records per-socket async errors,
-            // so report "no pending error" rather than inventing one.
-            case 0x1007:
-                value = 0;
-                break;
-            default:
-                return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> valueBytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(valueBytes, value);
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(lengthBytes, sizeof(int));
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(valueAddress, valueBytes) ||
-            !ctx.Memory.TryWrite(lengthAddress, lengthBytes))
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-
-        TraceNet("socket.getsockopt", id, unchecked((uint)option), unchecked((uint)value), 0);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "fZOeZIOEmLw",
-        ExportName = "send",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixSend(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var id = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var bufferAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        var length = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
-        if (!_sockets.TryGetValue(id, out var socket))
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorBadFileDescriptor, NetErrnoBadFileDescriptor);
-        }
-
-        if (length < 0 || (length != 0 && bufferAddress == 0))
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-
-        if (length == 0)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(0);
-        }
-
-        var payload = new byte[length];
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(bufferAddress, payload))
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            var sent = socket.Send(payload, SocketFlags.None);
-            TraceNet("socket.send", id, unchecked((uint)length), unchecked((uint)sent), 0);
-            return ctx.SetReturn(sent);
-        }
-        catch (SocketException exception)
-            when (exception.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.WouldBlock)
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorWouldBlock, NetErrnoWouldBlock);
-        }
-        catch (SocketException)
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorInvalidArgument, NetErrnoInvalidArgument);
-        }
-        catch (ObjectDisposedException)
-        {
-            return SetNetError(ctx, NetErrorBadFileDescriptor, NetErrnoBadFileDescriptor);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Formats a binary address as text. Pure conversion with no socket state,
-    /// so it behaves identically to the console version for AF_INET/AF_INET6.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "5jRCs2axtr4",
-        ExportName = "inet_ntop",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libKernel")]
-    public static int PosixInetNtop(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var family = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var sourceAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        var destinationAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
-        var destinationSize = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx]);
-        if (sourceAddress == 0 || destinationAddress == 0 || destinationSize <= 0)
-        {
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-        }
-
-        // ORBIS_NET_AF_INET / ORBIS_NET_AF_INET6, matching TryMapAddressFamily.
-        var addressLength = family switch
-        {
-            2 => 4,
-            28 => 16,
-            _ => 0,
-        };
-
-        if (addressLength == 0)
-        {
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-        }
-
-        var rawAddress = new byte[addressLength];
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(sourceAddress, rawAddress))
-        {
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-        }
-
-        var text = new IPAddress(rawAddress).ToString();
-        var encoded = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(text);
-
-        // POSIX requires the terminator to fit as well; a truncated address string
-        // is worse than a reported failure because the caller cannot detect it.
-        if (encoded.Length + 1 > destinationSize)
-        {
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-        }
-
-        var buffer = new byte[encoded.Length + 1];
-        encoded.CopyTo(buffer, 0);
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(destinationAddress, buffer))
-        {
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
-        }
-
-        // inet_ntop returns the destination pointer on success.
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = destinationAddress;
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "bErx49PgxyY",
         ExportName = "sceNetBind",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ngs2/Ngs2Exports.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
 using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Threading;
 
@@ -26,44 +25,24 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
     private static long _nextUid;
     private static long _renderCount;
 
-    // NGS2 renders one grain of interleaved float32 per sceNgs2SystemRender.
+    private sealed record SystemState(uint Uid);
-    // The grain length defaults to 256 frames (matching the 8192-byte AudioOut
-    // buffers games copy it into) until the title overrides it.
-    private const int DefaultGrainSamples = 256;
-    private const double OutputSampleRate = 48000.0;
-
-    private sealed class SystemState
-    {
-        public SystemState(uint uid) => Uid = uid;
-
-        public uint Uid { get; }
-        public int GrainSamples { get; set; } = DefaultGrainSamples;
-    }
-
     private sealed record RackState(ulong SystemHandle, uint RackId);
+    private sealed record VoiceState(ulong RackHandle, uint VoiceIndex);
 
-    private sealed class VoiceState
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "koBbCMvOKWw",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemCreate",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2SystemCreate(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        public VoiceState(ulong rackHandle, uint voiceIndex)
+        var bufferInfoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
+        if (!TryReadContextBuffer(ctx, bufferInfoAddress, out var hostBuffer))
         {
-            RackHandle = rackHandle;
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-            VoiceIndex = voiceIndex;
         }
 
-        public ulong RackHandle { get; }
+        return CreateSystem(ctx, ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx], hostBuffer);
-        public uint VoiceIndex { get; }
-
-        // Software-mixer playback state. Pcm is the fully decoded mono waveform;
-        // Position is a fractional read cursor advanced at the source/output rate
-        // ratio each output frame.
-        public short[]? Pcm { get; set; }
-        public ulong SourceAddr { get; set; }
-        public int SourceRate { get; set; }
-        public double Position { get; set; }
-        public bool Playing { get; set; }
-        public int LoopStart { get; set; } = -1;
-        public int LoopEnd { get; set; }
-        public float Gain { get; set; } = 1f;
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -79,34 +58,14 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
         }
 
-        if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 1, ownerHandle: 0, out var handle) ||
+        if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 1, ownerHandle: 0, out var handle))
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
         {
             return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
-        lock (StateGate)
+        return CreateSystem(ctx, outHandleAddress, handle);
-        {
-            Systems[handle] = new SystemState(unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextUid)));
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
-    // Non-allocator create: identical to the WithAllocator form for our purposes.
-    // The only signature difference is the caller-supplied buffer info in rsi
-    // (vs an allocator callback); the system option (rdi) and out-handle (rdx)
-    // sit at the same argument positions, so we reuse the same implementation.
-    // Dead Cells uses these variants — leaving sceNgs2SystemCreate unresolved
-    // gave the game a garbage system handle, so every later rack/voice call
-    // failed and it polled sceNgs2VoiceGetState forever, freezing at FLIP 0.
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "koBbCMvOKWw",
-        ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemCreate",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
-    public static int Ngs2SystemCreate(CpuContext ctx) => Ngs2SystemCreateWithAllocator(ctx);
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "u-WrYDaJA3k",
         ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemDestroy",
@@ -135,6 +94,27 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
+    [SysAbiExport(
+        Nid = "cLV4aiT9JpA",
+        ExportName = "sceNgs2RackCreate",
+        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
+        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
+    public static int Ngs2RackCreate(CpuContext ctx)
+    {
+        var bufferInfoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx];
+        if (!TryReadContextBuffer(ctx, bufferInfoAddress, out var hostBuffer))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+
+        return CreateRack(
+            ctx,
+            ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi],
+            unchecked((uint)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]),
+            ctx[CpuRegister.R8],
+            hostBuffer);
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "U546k6orxQo",
         ExportName = "sceNgs2RackCreateWithAllocator",
@@ -158,29 +138,14 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
             return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
         }
 
-        if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 2, systemHandle, out var handle) ||
+        if (!TryCreateHandle(ctx, type: 2, systemHandle, out var handle))
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
         {
             return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
         }
 
-        lock (StateGate)
+        return CreateRack(ctx, systemHandle, rackId, outHandleAddress, handle);
-        {
-            Racks[handle] = new RackState(systemHandle, rackId);
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
-    // Non-allocator rack create: system handle (rdi), rack id (rsi) and the
-    // out-handle (r8) share the WithAllocator argument layout, so reuse it.
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "cLV4aiT9JpA",
-        ExportName = "sceNgs2RackCreate",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
-    public static int Ngs2RackCreate(CpuContext ctx) => Ngs2RackCreateWithAllocator(ctx);
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "lCqD7oycmIM",
         ExportName = "sceNgs2RackDestroy",
@@ -255,217 +220,14 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
     public static int Ngs2VoiceControl(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        var voiceHandle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var paramList = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         lock (StateGate)
         {
-            if (!Voices.ContainsKey(voiceHandle))
+            return SetReturn(
-            {
+                ctx,
-                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidVoiceHandle);
+                Voices.ContainsKey(ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]) ? 0 : OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidVoiceHandle);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (ShouldTrace())
-        {
-            TraceVoiceParamList(ctx, voiceHandle, paramList);
-        }
-
-        HandleVoiceParams(ctx, voiceHandle, paramList);
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
-
-    // Parse the SceNgs2VoiceParamHead command list (header = u32 size, u32 id;
-    // params are laid out contiguously) and apply the ones the mixer needs:
-    // the waveform-blocks param arms a voice with decoded PCM, and the port
-    // matrix param carries its output gain.
-    private static void HandleVoiceParams(CpuContext ctx, ulong voiceHandle, ulong paramList)
-    {
-        if (paramList == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var offset = paramList;
-        for (var guard = 0; guard < 32; guard++)
-        {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(offset, out var size) ||
-                !ctx.TryReadUInt32(offset + 4, out var id))
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            switch (id)
-            {
-                case 0x10000001:
-                    ApplyWaveformParam(ctx, voiceHandle, offset);
-                    break;
-                case 0x20010001:
-                    ApplyPortMatrixParam(ctx, voiceHandle, offset);
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            // Advance to the next contiguous block; the game normally sends one
-            // param per call (size==whole block), so stop when size is degenerate.
-            if (size < 8 || size > 0x1000)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            offset += (size + 7) & ~7u;
         }
     }
 
-    // Waveform-blocks param: the guest pointer at +8 references a "VAGp"
-    // (PS-ADPCM) container. Decode it once and arm the voice for playback.
-    private static void ApplyWaveformParam(CpuContext ctx, ulong voiceHandle, ulong paramOffset)
-    {
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt64(paramOffset + 8, out var dataAddr) || dataAddr <= 0x10000)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        lock (StateGate)
-        {
-            if (Voices.TryGetValue(voiceHandle, out var existing) &&
-                existing.SourceAddr == dataAddr && existing.Pcm is not null)
-            {
-                // Same waveform already armed — don't restart it every frame.
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> header = stackalloc byte[Ngs2VagDecoder.VagHeaderSize];
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(dataAddr, header) || !Ngs2VagDecoder.IsVag(header))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var declaredSize = (int)BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(header[0x0C..]);
-        var totalBytes = Ngs2VagDecoder.VagHeaderSize + Math.Clamp(declaredSize, 0, 8 * 1024 * 1024);
-        var raw = System.Buffers.ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(totalBytes);
-        try
-        {
-            if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(dataAddr, raw.AsSpan(0, totalBytes)) ||
-                !Ngs2VagDecoder.TryDecode(raw.AsSpan(0, totalBytes), out var waveform))
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            lock (StateGate)
-            {
-                if (!Voices.TryGetValue(voiceHandle, out var voice))
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                voice.Pcm = waveform.Samples;
-                voice.SourceAddr = dataAddr;
-                voice.SourceRate = waveform.SampleRate;
-                voice.LoopStart = waveform.LoopStart;
-                voice.LoopEnd = waveform.LoopEnd > 0 ? waveform.LoopEnd : waveform.Samples.Length;
-                voice.Position = 0;
-                voice.Playing = true;
-            }
-
-            if (ShouldTrace())
-            {
-                var peak = 0;
-                for (var i = 0; i < waveform.Samples.Length; i++)
-                {
-                    peak = Math.Max(peak, Math.Abs((int)waveform.Samples[i]));
-                }
-
-                Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                    $"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.arm voice=0x{voiceHandle:X16} addr=0x{dataAddr:X} rate={waveform.SampleRate} samples={waveform.Samples.Length} loop={waveform.LoopStart} peak={peak}");
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            System.Buffers.ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(raw);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Port matrix param: the first float level is a reasonable proxy for the
-    // voice's output gain until per-channel panning is implemented.
-    private static void ApplyPortMatrixParam(CpuContext ctx, ulong voiceHandle, ulong paramOffset)
-    {
-        if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(paramOffset + 12, out var levelBits))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var level = BitConverter.UInt32BitsToSingle(levelBits);
-        if (!float.IsFinite(level) || level < 0f || level > 8f)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        lock (StateGate)
-        {
-            if (Voices.TryGetValue(voiceHandle, out var voice))
-            {
-                voice.Gain = level;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Empirically dump the SceNgs2VoiceParamHead-chained command list so we can
-    // confirm the real struct layout (size/next/id) against public NGS2 sources
-    // before building the software mixer. Assumed header: u16 size, s16 next
-    // (byte offset to the next block, 0 = end), u32 id.
-    private static void TraceVoiceParamList(CpuContext ctx, ulong voiceHandle, ulong paramList)
-    {
-        if (paramList == 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> peek = stackalloc byte[32];
-        var offset = paramList;
-        for (int guard = 0; guard < 32; guard++)
-        {
-            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt16(offset, out var size) ||
-                !ctx.TryReadUInt16(offset + 2, out var next) ||
-                !ctx.TryReadUInt32(offset + 4, out var id))
-            {
-                Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.voiceparam voice=0x{voiceHandle:X16} @0x{offset:X}: unreadable header");
-                return;
-            }
-
-            peek.Clear();
-            var readable = Math.Min((int)Math.Max((ushort)8, size), peek.Length);
-            ctx.Memory.TryRead(offset, peek[..readable]);
-            Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                $"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.voiceparam voice=0x{voiceHandle:X16} id=0x{id:X} size={size} next={unchecked((short)next)} bytes={Convert.ToHexString(peek[..readable])}");
-
-            // For the waveform-blocks param, follow the embedded pointers and
-            // dump the pointed-to bytes so we can tell PCM16 from ATRAC9.
-            if (id == 0x10000001 && Interlocked.Increment(ref _waveformDumps) <= 8)
-            {
-                for (int po = 8; po + 8 <= readable; po += 8)
-                {
-                    if (ctx.TryReadUInt64(offset + (ulong)po, out var ptr) && ptr > 0x10000 &&
-                        ctx.Memory.TryRead(ptr, peek))
-                    {
-                        Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                            $"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.waveform @+{po} ptr=0x{ptr:X} head={Convert.ToHexString(peek)}");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            var advance = unchecked((short)next);
-            if (advance <= 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            offset += (ulong)advance;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static long _waveformDumps;
-    private static long _renderInfoDumps;
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "AbYvTOZ8Pts",
         ExportName = "sceNgs2VoiceRunCommands",
@@ -511,32 +273,11 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
                 {
                     return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
                 }
-
-                // SceNgs2RenderBufferInfo: {ptr@0, size@8, waveformType@16,
-                // channelsCount@20}. Mix the armed voices into the leading grain
-                // as interleaved float32 — this is what the game copies to
-                // sceAudioOutOutput, so it is where NGS2 audio must appear.
-                var channels = 2;
-                if (ctx.TryReadUInt32(entryAddress + 20, out var declaredChannels) &&
-                    declaredChannels is > 0 and <= 8)
-                {
-                    channels = (int)declaredChannels;
-                }
-
-                MixVoicesIntoGrain(ctx, systemHandle, bufferAddress, bufferSize, channels);
-
-                if (ShouldTrace() && Interlocked.Increment(ref _renderInfoDumps) <= 4)
-                {
-                    Span<byte> rbi = stackalloc byte[RenderBufferInfoSize];
-                    ctx.Memory.TryRead(entryAddress, rbi);
-                    Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                        $"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.renderbufinfo addr=0x{bufferAddress:X} size={bufferSize} ch={channels} raw={Convert.ToHexString(rbi)}");
-                }
             }
         }
 
         var count = Interlocked.Increment(ref _renderCount);
-        if (ShouldTrace() && (count <= 4 || count % 200 == 0))
+        if (ShouldTrace() && (count <= 4 || count % 10_000 == 0))
         {
             Console.Error.WriteLine(
                 $"[LOADER][TRACE] ngs2.render#{count} system=0x{systemHandle:X16} buffers={bufferInfoCount}");
@@ -545,135 +286,6 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
-    // Sum every armed voice belonging to this system into the leading grain of
-    // the render buffer as interleaved float32. The buffer was just zeroed, so
-    // this is a plain additive mix; silence stays silence when nothing plays.
-    private static void MixVoicesIntoGrain(
-        CpuContext ctx, ulong systemHandle, ulong bufferAddress, ulong bufferSize, int channels)
-    {
-        int grain;
-        lock (StateGate)
-        {
-            if (!Systems.TryGetValue(systemHandle, out var system))
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            grain = system.GrainSamples;
-        }
-
-        var capacityFrames = (int)Math.Min((ulong)grain, bufferSize / (ulong)(channels * sizeof(float)));
-        if (capacityFrames <= 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var floatCount = capacityFrames * channels;
-        var accum = ArrayPool<float>.Shared.Rent(floatCount);
-        var mixedAnything = false;
-        try
-        {
-            Array.Clear(accum, 0, floatCount);
-            lock (StateGate)
-            {
-                foreach (var pair in Voices)
-                {
-                    var voice = pair.Value;
-                    if (!voice.Playing || voice.Pcm is null || voice.Pcm.Length == 0)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    if (!Racks.TryGetValue(voice.RackHandle, out var rack) ||
-                        rack.SystemHandle != systemHandle)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    MixOneVoice(accum, capacityFrames, channels, voice);
-                    mixedAnything = true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (mixedAnything)
-            {
-                WriteGrain(ctx, bufferAddress, accum, floatCount);
-            }
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            ArrayPool<float>.Shared.Return(accum);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Resample one voice from its source rate to 48 kHz (nearest-sample) and add
-    // it to the front stereo pair. Advances the voice cursor and handles loop /
-    // one-shot end. Must be called under StateGate.
-    private static void MixOneVoice(float[] accum, int frames, int channels, VoiceState voice)
-    {
-        var pcm = voice.Pcm!;
-        var loopEnd = voice.LoopEnd > 0 && voice.LoopEnd <= pcm.Length ? voice.LoopEnd : pcm.Length;
-        var loopStart = voice.LoopStart;
-        var step = voice.SourceRate / OutputSampleRate;
-        var gain = voice.Gain / 32768f;
-        var pos = voice.Position;
-        for (var f = 0; f < frames; f++)
-        {
-            var idx = (int)pos;
-            if (idx >= loopEnd)
-            {
-                if (loopStart >= 0 && loopStart < loopEnd)
-                {
-                    pos = loopStart;
-                    idx = loopStart;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    voice.Playing = false;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (idx < 0 || idx >= pcm.Length)
-            {
-                voice.Playing = false;
-                break;
-            }
-
-            var sample = pcm[idx] * gain;
-            var baseIndex = f * channels;
-            accum[baseIndex] += sample;
-            if (channels > 1)
-            {
-                accum[baseIndex + 1] += sample;
-            }
-
-            pos += step;
-        }
-
-        voice.Position = pos;
-    }
-
-    private static void WriteGrain(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, float[] accum, int count)
-    {
-        var bytes = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(count * sizeof(float));
-        try
-        {
-            var span = bytes.AsSpan(0, count * sizeof(float));
-            for (var i = 0; i < count; i++)
-            {
-                var value = Math.Clamp(accum[i], -1f, 1f);
-                BinaryPrimitives.WriteSingleLittleEndian(span.Slice(i * sizeof(float), sizeof(float)), value);
-            }
-
-            ctx.Memory.TryWrite(address, span);
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(bytes);
-        }
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "pgFAiLR5qT4",
         ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemQueryBufferSize",
@@ -711,25 +323,7 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         ExportName = "sceNgs2SystemSetGrainSamples",
         Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
         LibraryName = "libSceNgs2")]
-    public static int Ngs2SystemSetGrainSamples(CpuContext ctx)
+    public static int Ngs2SystemSetGrainSamples(CpuContext ctx) => ValidateSystem(ctx);
-    {
-        var systemHandle = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var grain = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
-        lock (StateGate)
-        {
-            if (!Systems.TryGetValue(systemHandle, out var system))
-            {
-                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
-            }
-
-            if (grain > 0 && grain <= 8192)
-            {
-                system.GrainSamples = grain;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "-tbc2SxQD60",
@@ -818,6 +412,67 @@ public static class Ngs2Exports
         }
     }
 
+    private static int CreateSystem(CpuContext ctx, ulong outHandleAddress, ulong handle)
+    {
+        if (outHandleAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+        }
+
+        if (handle == 0 || !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            Systems[handle] = new SystemState(unchecked((uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextUid)));
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static int CreateRack(
+        CpuContext ctx,
+        ulong systemHandle,
+        uint rackId,
+        ulong outHandleAddress,
+        ulong handle)
+    {
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            if (!Systems.ContainsKey(systemHandle))
+            {
+                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidSystemHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (outHandleAddress == 0)
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisNgs2ErrorInvalidOutAddress);
+        }
+
+        if (handle == 0 || !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outHandleAddress, handle))
+        {
+            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
+        }
+
+        lock (StateGate)
+        {
+            Racks[handle] = new RackState(systemHandle, rackId);
+        }
+
+        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryReadContextBuffer(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ulong hostBuffer)
+    {
+        hostBuffer = 0;
+        return address != 0 &&
+            ctx.TryReadUInt64(address, out hostBuffer) &&
+            hostBuffer != 0;
+    }
+
     private static bool TryCreateHandle(CpuContext ctx, uint type, ulong ownerHandle, out ulong handle)
     {
         handle = 0;

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ngs2/Ngs2VagDecoder.cs

@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Buffers.Binary;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Ngs2;
-
-// Clean-room PS-ADPCM ("VAG") decoder. NGS2 sampler voices point at waveforms
-// wrapped in the classic Sony "VAGp" container: a 48-byte big-endian header
-// followed by 16-byte ADPCM frames (2-byte predictor/shift + flags, then 14
-// bytes = 28 nibbles = 28 samples). The predictor coefficient table and the
-// nibble decode are the publicly documented PSX SPU ADPCM algorithm.
-public static class Ngs2VagDecoder
-{
-    // Standard PS-ADPCM predictor filters (scaled by 1/64).
-    private static readonly int[] Coeff0 = { 0, 60, 115, 98, 122 };
-    private static readonly int[] Coeff1 = { 0, 0, -52, -55, -60 };
-
-    public const int VagHeaderSize = 0x30;
-    private const uint VagMagic = 0x56414770; // "VAGp"
-
-    public readonly struct Waveform
-    {
-        public Waveform(short[] samples, int sampleRate, int loopStart, int loopEnd)
-        {
-            Samples = samples;
-            SampleRate = sampleRate;
-            LoopStart = loopStart;
-            LoopEnd = loopEnd;
-        }
-
-        public short[] Samples { get; }
-        public int SampleRate { get; }
-        public int LoopStart { get; } // -1 when the waveform does not loop
-        public int LoopEnd { get; }
-    }
-
-    // True when the buffer begins with a recognizable "VAGp" container header.
-    public static bool IsVag(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data) =>
-        data.Length >= VagHeaderSize &&
-        BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(data) == VagMagic;
-
-    // Decode a full "VAGp" container into mono PCM16. Returns false when the
-    // header is missing/short so callers can skip unsupported formats safely.
-    public static bool TryDecode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, out Waveform waveform)
-    {
-        waveform = default;
-        if (!IsVag(data))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Header (big-endian): +0x0C dataSize, +0x10 sampleRate.
-        var declaredSize = (int)BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(data[0x0C..]);
-        var sampleRate = (int)BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(data[0x10..]);
-        if (sampleRate <= 0)
-        {
-            sampleRate = 48000;
-        }
-
-        var body = data[VagHeaderSize..];
-        // Trust the declared payload size when it fits; otherwise decode what we
-        // actually have (some tools pad or under-report).
-        var available = body.Length - (body.Length % 16);
-        var frameBytes = declaredSize > 0 && declaredSize <= available ? declaredSize - (declaredSize % 16) : available;
-        if (frameBytes <= 0)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        waveform = Decode(body[..frameBytes], sampleRate);
-        return waveform.Samples.Length > 0;
-    }
-
-    // Decode raw 16-byte-framed PS-ADPCM (no container header) into PCM16 and
-    // resolve loop points from the per-frame flag bytes.
-    public static Waveform Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> frames, int sampleRate)
-    {
-        var frameCount = frames.Length / 16;
-        var samples = new short[frameCount * 28];
-        var loopStart = -1;
-        var loopEnd = -1;
-
-        var hist1 = 0;
-        var hist2 = 0;
-        var outIndex = 0;
-        var ended = false;
-        for (var frame = 0; frame < frameCount && !ended; frame++)
-        {
-            var offset = frame * 16;
-            var header = frames[offset];
-            var shift = header & 0x0F;
-            var filter = (header >> 4) & 0x0F;
-            if (filter > 4)
-            {
-                filter = 0;
-            }
-
-            // Per-frame loop marker (exact PS-ADPCM values, not bit masks):
-            //   3 = loop start, 6 = loop end + jump back, 1/7 = one-shot end.
-            var flags = frames[offset + 1];
-            var blockStart = outIndex;
-            if (flags == 0x03)
-            {
-                loopStart = blockStart;
-            }
-
-            var f0 = Coeff0[filter];
-            var f1 = Coeff1[filter];
-            for (var i = 0; i < 14; i++)
-            {
-                var d = frames[offset + 2 + i];
-                for (var nibble = 0; nibble < 2; nibble++)
-                {
-                    var raw = nibble == 0 ? d & 0x0F : d >> 4;
-                    // Sign-extend the 4-bit sample into the top nibble, then scale.
-                    var s = (short)(raw << 12) >> shift;
-                    var predicted = (hist1 * f0 + hist2 * f1) >> 6;
-                    var sample = Math.Clamp(s + predicted, short.MinValue, short.MaxValue);
-                    samples[outIndex++] = (short)sample;
-                    hist2 = hist1;
-                    hist1 = sample;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (flags == 0x06)
-            {
-                loopEnd = outIndex;
-            }
-            else if (flags == 0x01 || flags == 0x07)
-            {
-                ended = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Trim to the samples we actually decoded (a one-shot end marker can stop
-        // us before the declared frame count).
-        if (outIndex != samples.Length)
-        {
-            Array.Resize(ref samples, outIndex);
-        }
-
-        if (loopStart >= 0 && loopEnd <= loopStart)
-        {
-            loopEnd = outIndex;
-        }
-
-        return new Waveform(samples, sampleRate, loopStart, loopEnd);
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpEntitlementAccessExports.cs

@@ -58,36 +58,6 @@ public static class NpEntitlementAccessExports
         return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
     }
 
-    private const int EmptyAddcontInfoSize = 0x30;
-
-    // Singular lookup of one add-on-content entitlement (rdx = info out). We own
-    // no DLC, so report an empty/zeroed info and success — matching the list
-    // variant's "no entitlements" answer. Dead Cells calls this while loading a
-    // level; leaving it unresolved left the info struct uninitialized.
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "xddD23+8TfQ",
-        ExportName = "sceNpEntitlementAccessGetAddcontEntitlementInfo",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceNpEntitlementAccess")]
-    public static int NpEntitlementAccessGetAddcontEntitlementInfo(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
-        if (infoAddress != 0)
-        {
-            Span<byte> info = stackalloc byte[EmptyAddcontInfoSize];
-            info.Clear();
-            if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(infoAddress, info))
-            {
-                return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-            }
-        }
-
-        TraceNpEntitlementAccess(
-            $"get_addcont_info service=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]:X16} label=0x{ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]:X16} " +
-            $"info=0x{infoAddress:X16} -> empty");
-        return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-    }
-
     private static void TraceNpEntitlementAccess(string message)
     {
         if (!string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_LOG_NP"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal))

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpManagerExports.cs

@@ -69,23 +69,6 @@ public static class NpManagerExports
         return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
     }
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Accepts the reachability callback and never invokes it. Reachability
-    /// transitions only ever fire on a real PSN connection, which an offline
-    /// session does not have, so registering successfully and staying silent is
-    /// the accurate emulation of a signed-out console rather than a stub.
-    /// </summary>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "hw5KNqAAels",
-        ExportName = "sceNpRegisterNpReachabilityStateCallback",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceNpManager")]
-    public static int NpRegisterNpReachabilityStateCallback(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "qQJfO8HAiaY",
         ExportName = "sceNpRegisterStateCallbackA",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpTrophy2Exports.cs

@@ -80,25 +80,6 @@ public static class NpTrophy2Exports
         LibraryName = "libSceNpTrophy2")]
     public static int NpTrophy2ShowTrophyList(CpuContext ctx) => ReturnOk(ctx);
 
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Gen5 ABI: context, handle, trophy id, then SceNpTrophy2Details and
-    /// SceNpTrophy2Data output pointers.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <remarks>
-    /// Reports "no such trophy" rather than succeeding. Succeeding would require
-    /// filling both output structures, and their exact layouts are not confirmed
-    /// here — a title that trusted zeroed details would read an empty name and a
-    /// grade of zero as real data. NOT_FOUND is a documented outcome that callers
-    /// must already handle, so it degrades along a path the game tests.
-    /// </remarks>
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "EwNylPdWUTM",
-        ExportName = "sceNpTrophy2GetTrophyInfo",
-        Target = Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceNpTrophy2")]
-    public static int NpTrophy2GetTrophyInfo(CpuContext ctx) =>
-        SetReturn(ctx, OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
-
     private static int WriteIdAndReturn(CpuContext ctx, ulong outAddress, ref int nextId)
     {
         if (outAddress == 0)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Np/NpUniversalDataSystemExports.cs

@@ -197,16 +197,4 @@ public static class NpUniversalDataSystemExports
     {
         return ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long));
     }
-
-    // Telemetry property setter (event property array, string value). We do not
-    // upload analytics, so accept and drop it — matching the other Set* stubs.
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "4llLk7YJRTE",
-        ExportName = "sceNpUniversalDataSystemEventPropertyArraySetString",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceNpUniversalDataSystem")]
-    public static int NpUniversalDataSystemEventPropertyArraySetString(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0, typeof(long));
-    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Pad/PadExports.cs

@@ -65,35 +65,6 @@ public static class PadExports
         LibraryName = "libScePad")]
     public static int PadOpenExt(CpuContext ctx) => PadOpenCore(ctx, extended: true);
 
-    // scePadGetHandle(userId, type, index): returns the handle of an already-open
-    // pad without opening a new one. Dead Cells calls it every frame to poll
-    // input; leaving it unresolved returned a garbage handle so the input path
-    // (and the game loop that drives it) misbehaved. Same validation as
-    // scePadOpen — the one primary pad — returning its handle or a not-connected
-    // error, never opening or logging.
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "u1GRHp+oWoY",
-        ExportName = "scePadGetHandle",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libScePad")]
-    public static int PadGetHandle(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var userId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var type = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi]);
-        var index = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx]);
-        if (!_initialized)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorNotInitialized);
-        }
-
-        if (userId != PrimaryUserId || type is not (0 or 1 or 2) || index != 0)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorDeviceNotConnected);
-        }
-
-        return ctx.SetReturn(PrimaryPadHandle);
-    }
-
     // scePadOpen rejects a non-null 4th arg and non-standard ports; scePadOpenExt accepts a
     // ScePadOpenExtParam* plus ports 1/2 (racing titles retry scePadOpenExt(type=2) forever if rejected).
     private static int PadOpenCore(CpuContext ctx, bool extended)
@@ -245,38 +216,6 @@ public static class PadExports
             : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
     }
 
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "AcslpN1jHR8",
-        ExportName = "scePadDeviceClassGetExtendedInformation",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libScePad")]
-    public static int PadDeviceClassGetExtendedInformation(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var handle = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
-        var informationAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (!IsPrimaryPadHandle(handle))
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisPadErrorInvalidHandle);
-        }
-
-        if (informationAddress == 0)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-        }
-
-        // ScePadDeviceClassExtendedInformation: deviceClass 0 = standard pad
-        // (DualSense). We emulate no special peripheral (guitar/drums/wheel), so
-        // the class-data union stays zeroed — the guest treats it as a plain
-        // controller with no extended capabilities.
-        Span<byte> information = stackalloc byte[0x20];
-        information.Clear();
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(information[0x00..], 0);
-
-        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(informationAddress, information)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(0)
-            : ctx.SetReturn((int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "YndgXqQVV7c",
         ExportName = "scePadReadState",

src/SharpEmu.Libs/PlayGo/PlayGoExports.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using SharpEmu.HLE;
@@ -698,22 +698,14 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
         var hasMetadata = File.Exists(playGoDat) || File.Exists(scenarioJson) || File.Exists(chunkDefsXml);
         if (!hasMetadata)
         {
-            // No PlayGo sidecar: derive the installed chunk set from the pak files
+            // No PlayGo sidecar: report a fully-installed single chunk. Available must
-            // actually present on disk. A locally dumped title has all of its data
+            // stay true or scePlayGoOpen fails with NotSupportPlayGo (fatal PS5-component
-            // installed, and a package that splits content across chunks names them
+            // init failure for UE titles); chunk 0 reports LocalFast and every other id
-            // pakchunk<N>-<platform>.pak, so those N are exactly the chunks that
+            // returns BAD_CHUNK_ID, terminating title-side chunk enumeration.
-            // exist. Reporting only chunk 0 told such a title its remaining content
+            TracePlayGo("metadata_missing; fully-installed single chunk");
-            // was missing: The Invincible (PPSA06426) ships pakchunk0..8 and spun
-            // forever re-querying scePlayGoGetLocus for a chunk that never became
-            // available. Available must stay true or scePlayGoOpen fails with
-            // NotSupportPlayGo (fatal PS5-component init failure for UE titles).
-            // Ids outside the discovered set still return BAD_CHUNK_ID, so
-            // title-side chunk enumeration still terminates.
-            var installedChunkIds = DiscoverInstalledChunkIds(app0Root);
-            TracePlayGo($"metadata_missing; fully-installed chunks=[{string.Join(',', installedChunkIds)}]");
             return new PlayGoMetadata(
                 true,
-                installedChunkIds,
+                [(ushort)0],
                 PlayGoChunkIdKnowledge.Authoritative);
         }
 
@@ -726,41 +718,6 @@ public static class PlayGoExports
                 : PlayGoChunkIdKnowledge.Authoritative);
     }
 
-    // Chunk ids for a title that ships no PlayGo sidecar, taken from the
-    // pakchunk<N>-<platform>.pak files on disk. Chunk 0 is always included: it
-    // is the base chunk and must resolve even for a title with no pak files at
-    // all (which keeps the single-chunk behaviour for such titles).
-    private static ushort[] DiscoverInstalledChunkIds(string app0Root)
-    {
-        var ids = new SortedSet<ushort> { 0 };
-        try
-        {
-            foreach (var pakFile in Directory.EnumerateFiles(app0Root, "pakchunk*.pak", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
-            {
-                var name = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(pakFile);
-                var digits = name.AsSpan("pakchunk".Length);
-                var length = 0;
-                while (length < digits.Length && char.IsAsciiDigit(digits[length]))
-                {
-                    length++;
-                }
-
-                if (length > 0 && ushort.TryParse(digits[..length], out var chunkId))
-                {
-                    ids.Add(chunkId);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        catch (IOException)
-        {
-        }
-        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-        }
-
-        return ids.ToArray();
-    }
-
     private static ushort[] LoadChunkIds(string chunkDefsXml)
     {
         if (!File.Exists(chunkDefsXml))

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Random/RandomExports.cs

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Security.Cryptography;
-using SharpEmu.HLE;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Random;
-
-public static class RandomExports
-{
-    private const int RandomErrorInvalid = unchecked((int)0x817C0016);
-    private const int MaxRandomBytes = 64;
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "PI7jIZj4pcE",
-        ExportName = "sceRandomGetRandomNumber",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceRandom")]
-    public static int RandomGetRandomNumber(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var destination = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var size = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if ((destination == 0 && size != 0) || size > MaxRandomBytes)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(RandomErrorInvalid);
-        }
-
-        if (size == 0)
-        {
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK);
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[(int)size];
-        RandomNumberGenerator.Fill(bytes);
-        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(destination, bytes)
-            ? ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK)
-            : ctx.SetReturn(OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SaveData/SaveDataExports.cs

@@ -45,530 +45,6 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
             _titleId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(titleId) ? null : SanitizePathSegment(titleId.Trim());
             _preparedTransactionResources.Clear();
         }
-
-        lock (_eventGate)
-        {
-            _events.Clear();
-        }
-
-        lock (_mountGate)
-        {
-            _mounts.Clear();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Additional error codes and the async-event model (see sceSaveDataGetEventResult).
-    private const int OrbisSaveDataErrorBusy = unchecked((int)0x809F0006);
-    private const int OrbisSaveDataErrorNoEvent = unchecked((int)0x809F0008); // NOT_FOUND: no pending event
-    private const int OrbisSaveDataErrorBadMounted = unchecked((int)0x809F0013);
-    // SceSaveDataEventType
-    private const uint EventTypeUmountBackupEnd = 1;
-    private const uint EventTypeBackupEnd = 2;
-    private const uint EventTypeSaveDataMemorySyncEnd = 3;
-    private const int SaveDataEventSize = 0x60;
-    private const int MountInfoSize = 0x40;
-    private const uint DefaultBlockSize = 32768;
-    private const ulong DefaultTotalBlocks = 0x8000; // 1 GiB of 32 KiB blocks
-
-    private static readonly object _eventGate = new();
-    private static readonly Queue<SaveDataEvent> _events = new();
-    private static readonly object _mountGate = new();
-    // mountPoint -> live mount, for umount/IsMounted/GetMountInfo.
-    private static readonly Dictionary<string, MountEntry> _mounts = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
-
-    private readonly record struct SaveDataEvent(uint Type, int ErrorCode, int UserId, string DirName);
-    private sealed record MountEntry(string SlotDir, string DirName, int UserId);
-
-    private static void EnqueueEvent(uint type, int userId, string dirName, int errorCode = 0)
-    {
-        lock (_eventGate)
-        {
-            _events.Enqueue(new SaveDataEvent(type, errorCode, userId, dirName));
-        }
-        TraceSaveData($"event.enqueue type={type} user={userId} dir='{dirName}' err=0x{errorCode:X}");
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "j8xKtiFj0SY",
-        ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetEventResult",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetEventResult(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        // rdi: SceSaveDataEventParam* (filter, ignored). rsi: SceSaveDataEvent* out.
-        var eventAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (eventAddress == 0)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
-        }
-
-        SaveDataEvent pending;
-        lock (_eventGate)
-        {
-            if (_events.Count == 0)
-            {
-                // No queued completion. Games poll this from a worker; report the
-                // defined "no event" status so the loop keeps polling instead of
-                // acting on an uninitialized event struct.
-                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorNoEvent);
-            }
-
-            pending = _events.Dequeue();
-        }
-
-        Span<byte> ev = stackalloc byte[SaveDataEventSize];
-        ev.Clear();
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(ev[0x00..], pending.Type);
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(ev[0x04..], pending.ErrorCode);
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32LittleEndian(ev[0x08..], pending.UserId);
-        WriteAscii(ev.Slice(0x10, SaveDataDirNameSize), pending.DirName);
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(eventAddress, ev))
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "hsKd5c21sQc",
-        ExportName = "sceSaveDataRegisterEventCallback",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataRegisterEventCallback(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(
-        Nid = "v-AK1AxQhS0",
-        ExportName = "sceSaveDataUnregisterEventCallback",
-        Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5,
-        LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataUnregisterEventCallback(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    // ---- lifecycle ----
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "ZkZhskCPXFw", ExportName = "sceSaveDataInitialize", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataInitialize(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataInitializeCommon(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "l1NmDeDpNGU", ExportName = "sceSaveDataInitialize2", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataInitialize2(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataInitializeCommon(ctx);
-
-    private static int SaveDataInitializeCommon(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(ResolveSaveDataRoot());
-            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
-        }
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "yKDy8S5yLA0", ExportName = "sceSaveDataTerminate", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataTerminate(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    // ---- mount variants (all share the SceSaveDataMount layout) ----
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "32HQAQdwM2o", ExportName = "sceSaveDataMount", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataMount(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataMount3(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "0z45PIH+SNI", ExportName = "sceSaveDataMount2", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataMount2(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataMount3(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "xz0YMi6BfNk", ExportName = "sceSaveDataMount5", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataMount5(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataMount3(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "BMR4F-Uek3E", ExportName = "sceSaveDataUmount", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataUmount(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataUmount2(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "ieP6jP138Qo", ExportName = "sceSaveDataIsMounted", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataIsMounted(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        int mountCount;
-        lock (_mountGate)
-        {
-            mountCount = _mounts.Count;
-        }
-
-        if (outAddress != 0)
-        {
-            TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outAddress, mountCount > 0 ? 1u : 0u);
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "65VH0Qaaz6s", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetMountInfo", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetMountInfo(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var mountPointAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var infoAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (mountPointAddress == 0 || infoAddress == 0 ||
-            !TryReadFixedAscii(ctx, mountPointAddress, 16, out var mountPoint))
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
-        }
-
-        MountEntry? entry;
-        lock (_mountGate)
-        {
-            _mounts.TryGetValue(mountPoint, out entry);
-        }
-
-        if (entry is null)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorBadMounted);
-        }
-
-        var used = SafeDirectorySize(entry.SlotDir);
-        var usedBlocks = (ulong)((used + DefaultBlockSize - 1) / DefaultBlockSize);
-        Span<byte> info = stackalloc byte[MountInfoSize];
-        info.Clear();
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(info[0x00..], DefaultTotalBlocks);       // blocks
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(info[0x08..], usedBlocks);               // freeBlocks slot reused as used
-        return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(infoAddress, info)
-            ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
-            : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-    }
-
-    // ---- delete ----
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "S1GkePI17zQ", ExportName = "sceSaveDataDelete", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataDelete(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataDeleteCommon(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "SQWusLoK8Pw", ExportName = "sceSaveDataDelete5", Target = Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataDelete5(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataDeleteCommon(ctx);
-
-    private static int SaveDataDeleteCommon(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        // SceSaveDataDelete: +0x00 userId, +0x08 dirName*, ... (dirName drives the slot).
-        var deleteAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        if (deleteAddress == 0 ||
-            !TryReadInt32(ctx, deleteAddress, out var userId) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(deleteAddress + 0x08, out var dirNameAddress) ||
-            dirNameAddress == 0 ||
-            !TryReadFixedAscii(ctx, dirNameAddress, SaveDataDirNameSize, out var dirName) ||
-            string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dirName))
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            var slotDir = SaveDataStorage.SlotDir(ResolveTitleSaveRoot(userId, ResolveConfiguredTitleId()), dirName);
-            if (!Directory.Exists(slotDir))
-            {
-                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorNotFound);
-            }
-
-            Directory.Delete(slotDir, recursive: true);
-            TraceSaveData($"delete user={userId} dir='{dirName}' path='{slotDir}'");
-            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // ---- params (metadata shown in the save UI) ----
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "XgvSuIdnMlw", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetParam", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetParam(CpuContext ctx) => TransferParam(ctx, write: false);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "85zul--eGXs", ExportName = "sceSaveDataSetParam", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataSetParam(CpuContext ctx) => TransferParam(ctx, write: true);
-
-    private static int TransferParam(CpuContext ctx, bool write)
-    {
-        // rdi: mount-point string (16 bytes). rsi: paramType. rdx: SceSaveDataParam*. rcx: size.
-        var mountPointAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var paramAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx];
-        if (mountPointAddress == 0 || paramAddress == 0 ||
-            !TryReadFixedAscii(ctx, mountPointAddress, 16, out var mountPoint))
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
-        }
-
-        MountEntry? entry;
-        lock (_mountGate)
-        {
-            _mounts.TryGetValue(mountPoint, out entry);
-        }
-
-        if (entry is null)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorBadMounted);
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            if (write)
-            {
-                Span<byte> raw = stackalloc byte[SaveDataParamSize];
-                if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(paramAddress, raw))
-                {
-                    return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-                }
-
-                var metadata = new SaveDataMetadata
-                {
-                    Title = ReadAsciiField(raw.Slice(0x00, 128)),
-                    SubTitle = ReadAsciiField(raw.Slice(0x80, 128)),
-                    Detail = ReadAsciiField(raw.Slice(0x100, 1024)),
-                    UserParam = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(raw[0x500..]),
-                };
-                SaveDataStorage.WriteMetadata(entry.SlotDir, metadata);
-                TraceSaveData($"set_param mount='{mountPoint}' title='{metadata.Title}'");
-                return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-            }
-
-            var loaded = SaveDataStorage.ReadMetadata(entry.SlotDir);
-            var param = new byte[SaveDataParamSize];
-            WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x00, 128), loaded.Title);
-            WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x80, 128), loaded.SubTitle);
-            WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x100, 1024), loaded.Detail);
-            BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(param.AsSpan(0x500), loaded.UserParam);
-            BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(
-                param.AsSpan(0x508),
-                new DateTimeOffset(SafeLastWriteUtc(entry.SlotDir)).ToUnixTimeSeconds());
-            return ctx.Memory.TryWrite(paramAddress, param)
-                ? SetReturn(ctx, 0)
-                : SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // ---- icons ----
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "c88Yy54Mx0w", ExportName = "sceSaveDataSaveIcon", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataSaveIcon(CpuContext ctx) => TransferIconForMount(ctx, write: true);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "cGjO3wM3V28", ExportName = "sceSaveDataLoadIcon", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataLoadIcon(CpuContext ctx) => TransferIconForMount(ctx, write: false);
-
-    private static int TransferIconForMount(CpuContext ctx, bool write)
-    {
-        // rdi: mount-point string. rsi: SceSaveDataIcon* {buf@+0x00, bufSize@+0x08, dataSize@+0x10}.
-        var mountPointAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        var iconAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        if (mountPointAddress == 0 || iconAddress == 0 ||
-            !TryReadFixedAscii(ctx, mountPointAddress, 16, out var mountPoint) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(iconAddress + 0x00, out var bufferAddress) ||
-            !ctx.TryReadUInt64(iconAddress + 0x08, out var bufferSize))
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
-        }
-
-        MountEntry? entry;
-        lock (_mountGate)
-        {
-            _mounts.TryGetValue(mountPoint, out entry);
-        }
-
-        if (entry is null)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorBadMounted);
-        }
-
-        var iconPath = SaveDataStorage.IconPath(entry.SlotDir);
-        try
-        {
-            if (write)
-            {
-                var length = checked((int)Math.Min(bufferSize, (ulong)16 * 1024 * 1024));
-                var bytes = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(length);
-                try
-                {
-                    if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(bufferAddress, bytes.AsSpan(0, length)))
-                    {
-                        return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-                    }
-
-                    Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(iconPath)!);
-                    File.WriteAllBytes(iconPath, bytes.AsSpan(0, length).ToArray());
-                }
-                finally
-                {
-                    ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(bytes);
-                }
-
-                return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-            }
-
-            if (!File.Exists(iconPath))
-            {
-                return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorNotFound);
-            }
-
-            var data = File.ReadAllBytes(iconPath);
-            var copy = (int)Math.Min((ulong)data.Length, bufferSize);
-            if (bufferAddress != 0 && copy > 0 && !ctx.Memory.TryWrite(bufferAddress, data.AsSpan(0, copy)))
-            {
-                return SetReturn(ctx, (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT);
-            }
-
-            TryWriteUInt32(ctx, iconAddress + 0x10, (uint)data.Length); // dataSize
-            return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            return SetReturn(ctx, OrbisSaveDataErrorInternal);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // ---- size / progress / abort ----
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "A1ThglSGUwA", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetAllSize", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetAllSize(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        long total = 0;
-        try
-        {
-            var titleRoot = ResolveTitleSaveRoot(0, ResolveConfiguredTitleId());
-            if (Directory.Exists(titleRoot))
-            {
-                total = SafeDirectorySize(titleRoot);
-            }
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            // Report zero on an unreadable tree rather than fail the query.
-        }
-
-        if (outAddress != 0)
-        {
-            var kib = (ulong)((total + 1023) / 1024);
-            ctx.TryWriteUInt64(outAddress, kib);
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "ANmSWUiyyGQ", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetProgress", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetProgress(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        // Our operations complete synchronously, so any in-flight progress is 100%.
-        var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
-        if (outAddress != 0)
-        {
-            Span<byte> progress = stackalloc byte[8];
-            progress.Clear();
-            BinaryPrimitives.WriteSingleLittleEndian(progress, 1.0f);
-            ctx.Memory.TryWrite(outAddress, progress);
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "Wz-4JZfeO9g", ExportName = "sceSaveDataClearProgress", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataClearProgress(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "dQ2GohUHXzk", ExportName = "sceSaveDataAbort", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataAbort(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "eBSSNIG6hMk", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetEventInfo", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetEventInfo(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "52pL2GKkdjA", ExportName = "sceSaveDataSetEventInfo", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataSetEventInfo(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "Z7z6HXWORJY", ExportName = "sceSaveDataSaveIconByPath", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataSaveIconByPath(CpuContext ctx) => SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "SN7rTPHS+Cg", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetSaveDataCount", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetSaveDataCount(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        var count = 0;
-        try
-        {
-            var titleRoot = ResolveTitleSaveRoot(0, ResolveConfiguredTitleId());
-            if (Directory.Exists(titleRoot))
-            {
-                foreach (var dir in Directory.EnumerateDirectories(titleRoot))
-                {
-                    if (!string.Equals(Path.GetFileName(dir), "sce_sdmemory", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-                    {
-                        count++;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            // Report zero on an unreadable tree.
-        }
-
-        if (outAddress != 0)
-        {
-            TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outAddress, (uint)count);
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "pc4guaUPVqA", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetMountedSaveDataCount", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetMountedSaveDataCount(CpuContext ctx)
-    {
-        var outAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
-        int mounted;
-        lock (_mountGate)
-        {
-            mounted = _mounts.Count;
-        }
-
-        if (outAddress != 0)
-        {
-            TryWriteUInt32(ctx, outAddress, (uint)mounted);
-        }
-
-        return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
-    }
-
-    // ---- SaveDataMemory v1 aliases (identical arg layout to the v2 forms) ----
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "v7AAAMo0Lz4", ExportName = "sceSaveDataSetupSaveDataMemory", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataSetupSaveDataMemory(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataSetupSaveDataMemory2(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "7Bt5pBC-Aco", ExportName = "sceSaveDataGetSaveDataMemory", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataGetSaveDataMemory(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataGetSaveDataMemory2(ctx);
-
-    [SysAbiExport(Nid = "h3YURzXGSVQ", ExportName = "sceSaveDataSetSaveDataMemory", Target = Generation.Gen4 | Generation.Gen5, LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
-    public static int SaveDataSetSaveDataMemory(CpuContext ctx) => SaveDataSetSaveDataMemory2(ctx);
-
-    private static string ReadAsciiField(ReadOnlySpan<byte> field)
-    {
-        var length = field.IndexOf((byte)0);
-        if (length < 0)
-        {
-            length = field.Length;
-        }
-
-        return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(field[..length]);
-    }
-
-    private static long SafeDirectorySize(string root)
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            return Directory.Exists(root) ? GetDirectorySize(root) : 0;
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static DateTime SafeLastWriteUtc(string path)
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            return Directory.Exists(path) ? Directory.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(path) : DateTime.UtcNow;
-        }
-        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-        {
-            return DateTime.UtcNow;
-        }
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -745,10 +221,6 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
 
             const string mountPoint = "/savedata0";
             KernelMemoryCompatExports.RegisterGuestPathMount(mountPoint, savePath);
-            lock (_mountGate)
-            {
-                _mounts[mountPoint] = new MountEntry(savePath, dirName, userId);
-            }
 
             Span<byte> result = stackalloc byte[MountResultSize];
             result.Clear();
@@ -792,15 +264,28 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
 
         var id = (uint)Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextTransactionResource);
 
-        // A small RDX value is a flag, and RCX contains the output address.
+        // The resource-out pointer's argument slot varies by SDK revision: some
-        // A larger RDX value is the output address for the older ABI.
+        // callers pass it in rdx, others in rcx (a 4-arg form where rdx holds a
+        // count/flag). Void Terrarium passes rdx=0x1 (not a pointer) and the
+        // real out-pointer in rcx. Probe the plausible candidates and write the
+        // handle to the first writable one instead of faulting on a bad rdx.
+        // This is a stub-level create (matches shadPS4's return-OK semantics);
+        // never return MEMORY_FAULT for it, or the guest treats savedata init as
+        // failed and never advances.
         var resourceAddress = 0UL;
-        var selectedAddress = SelectTransactionResourceAddress(
+        foreach (var candidate in new[]
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx],
+                 {
-            ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx]);
+                     ctx[CpuRegister.Rdx],
-        if (selectedAddress != 0 && TryWriteUInt32(ctx, selectedAddress, id))
+                     ctx[CpuRegister.Rcx],
+                     ctx[CpuRegister.R8],
+                     ctx[CpuRegister.R9],
+                 })
         {
-            resourceAddress = selectedAddress;
+            if (candidate != 0 && TryWriteUInt32(ctx, candidate, id))
+            {
+                resourceAddress = candidate;
+                break;
+            }
         }
 
         TraceSaveData(
@@ -809,16 +294,6 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
-    internal static ulong SelectTransactionResourceAddress(ulong rdx, ulong rcx)
-    {
-        if (rdx == 0)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        return rdx <= ushort.MaxValue ? rcx : rdx;
-    }
-
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "lJUQuaKqoKY",
         ExportName = "sceSaveDataDeleteTransactionResource",
@@ -843,20 +318,10 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         LibraryName = "libSceSaveData")]
     public static int SaveDataUmount2(CpuContext ctx)
     {
-        // rdi: SceSaveDataMountPoint* (16-byte mount point string) for umount2.
+        // Unmounting a save directory always succeeds in the stub filesystem;
-        var mountPointAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi];
+        // returning an error here makes the game's save flow stall before it
-        if (mountPointAddress != 0 && TryReadFixedAscii(ctx, mountPointAddress, 16, out var mountPoint) &&
+        // hands control to the title/gameplay state.
-            !string.IsNullOrEmpty(mountPoint))
+        TraceSaveData($"umount2 user={unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi])}");
-        {
-            lock (_mountGate)
-            {
-                _mounts.Remove(mountPoint);
-            }
-
-            KernelMemoryCompatExports.UnregisterGuestPathMount(mountPoint);
-            TraceSaveData($"umount2 mount='{mountPoint}'");
-        }
-
         return SetReturn(ctx, 0);
     }
 
@@ -940,12 +405,9 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
 
     private static bool TryWriteParam(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, SaveEntry entry)
     {
-        var metadata = SaveDataStorage.ReadMetadata(entry.Path);
         var param = new byte[SaveDataParamSize];
-        WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x00, 128), metadata.Title);
+        WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x00, 128), "Saved Data");
-        WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x80, 128), metadata.SubTitle);
+        WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x100, 1024), entry.Name);
-        WriteAscii(param.AsSpan(0x100, 1024), string.IsNullOrEmpty(metadata.Detail) ? entry.Name : metadata.Detail);
-        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(param.AsSpan(0x500), metadata.UserParam);
         BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(
             param.AsSpan(0x508, sizeof(long)),
             new DateTimeOffset(entry.LastWriteUtc).ToUnixTimeSeconds());
@@ -1012,14 +474,11 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         return false;
     }
 
-    // Saves are keyed by title id only (single-user emulation) under
-    // ~/SharpEmu/Saves/<titleId>/; userId is accepted for API fidelity but not
-    // part of the host path.
     private static string ResolveTitleSaveRoot(int userId, string titleId) =>
-        SaveDataStorage.TitleRoot(ResolveSaveDataRoot(), titleId);
+        Path.Combine(ResolveSaveDataRoot(), userId.ToString(), SanitizePathSegment(titleId));
 
     private static string ResolveSaveDataMemoryPath(int userId) =>
-        SaveDataStorage.MemoryPath(ResolveTitleSaveRoot(userId, ResolveConfiguredTitleId()));
+        Path.Combine(ResolveTitleSaveRoot(userId, ResolveConfiguredTitleId()), "sce_sdmemory", "memory.dat");
 
     private static bool TryReadMemoryData(
         CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out ulong buffer, out ulong size, out ulong offset)
@@ -1031,7 +490,14 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
             ctx.TryReadUInt64(address + 0x10, out offset);
     }
 
-    private static string ResolveSaveDataRoot() => SaveDataStorage.Root();
+    private static string ResolveSaveDataRoot()
+    {
+        var configured = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_SAVEDATA_DIR");
+        var root = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configured)
+            ? Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "user", "savedata")
+            : configured;
+        return Path.GetFullPath(root);
+    }
 
     private static string ResolveConfiguredTitleId()
     {
@@ -1059,7 +525,12 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
         return "default";
     }
 
-    private static string SanitizePathSegment(string value) => SaveDataStorage.Sanitize(value);
+    private static string SanitizePathSegment(string value)
+    {
+        var invalid = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+        var sanitized = new string(value.Select(ch => invalid.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sanitized) ? "default" : sanitized;
+    }
 
     private static bool TryReadFixedAscii(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, int length, out string value)
     {
@@ -1319,17 +790,8 @@ public static class SaveDataExports
             return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorParameter);
         }
 
-        if (!File.Exists(ResolveSaveDataMemoryPath(userId)))
+        return ctx.SetReturn(
-        {
+            File.Exists(ResolveSaveDataMemoryPath(userId)) ? 0 : OrbisSaveDataErrorMemoryNotReady);
-            return ctx.SetReturn(OrbisSaveDataErrorMemoryNotReady);
-        }
-
-        // The write already reached disk synchronously, but the guest treats
-        // sync as asynchronous and blocks a worker on sceSaveDataGetEventResult
-        // until the SAVE_DATA_MEMORY_SYNC_END event arrives. Post it so that
-        // poll completes (this is what wedged Dead Cells at FLIP 0 in-level).
-        EnqueueEvent(EventTypeSaveDataMemorySyncEnd, userId, string.Empty);
-        return ctx.SetReturn(0);
     }
 
     private static int TransferSaveDataMemory(CpuContext ctx, bool write)

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SaveData/SaveDataStorage.cs

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Text.Json;
-using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.Libs.SaveData;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Host-side layout and metadata for PS5 save data. Saves live under
-/// <c>~/SharpEmu/Saves/&lt;titleId&gt;/&lt;dirName&gt;/</c> (overridable via
-/// <c>SHARPEMU_SAVEDATA_DIR</c>); the game's files are written directly inside a
-/// slot through the mounted <c>/savedata0</c> filesystem, and the PS5 UI
-/// metadata (title/subtitle/detail/userParam) plus icon live under
-/// <c>&lt;slot&gt;/sce_sys/</c>. This type is pure filesystem logic with no guest
-/// interop so the path and metadata handling can be unit-tested.
-/// </summary>
-public static class SaveDataStorage
-{
-    /// <summary>Root of all saves: the env override, else <c>~/SharpEmu/Saves</c>.</summary>
-    public static string Root(string? overrideDir = null)
-    {
-        var configured = overrideDir ?? Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_SAVEDATA_DIR");
-        var root = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configured)
-            ? Path.Combine(
-                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.UserProfile),
-                "SharpEmu",
-                "Saves")
-            : configured;
-        return Path.GetFullPath(root);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Per-title directory: <c>&lt;root&gt;/&lt;titleId&gt;</c>.</summary>
-    public static string TitleRoot(string root, string titleId) =>
-        Path.Combine(root, Sanitize(titleId));
-
-    /// <summary>A single save slot: <c>&lt;titleRoot&gt;/&lt;dirName&gt;</c>.</summary>
-    public static string SlotDir(string titleRoot, string dirName) =>
-        Path.Combine(titleRoot, Sanitize(dirName));
-
-    /// <summary>The SaveDataMemory blob shared by a title.</summary>
-    public static string MemoryPath(string titleRoot) =>
-        Path.Combine(titleRoot, "sce_sdmemory", "memory.dat");
-
-    public static string ParamPath(string slotDir) =>
-        Path.Combine(slotDir, "sce_sys", "param.json");
-
-    public static string IconPath(string slotDir) =>
-        Path.Combine(slotDir, "sce_sys", "icon0.png");
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Replaces characters that are invalid in a host path segment. Empty or
-    /// all-invalid input collapses to "default" so a bad guest name can never
-    /// escape the save root or produce an empty segment.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static string Sanitize(string value)
-    {
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
-        {
-            return "default";
-        }
-
-        var invalid = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
-        Span<char> buffer = value.Length <= 128 ? stackalloc char[value.Length] : new char[value.Length];
-        for (var i = 0; i < value.Length; i++)
-        {
-            var ch = value[i];
-            buffer[i] = Array.IndexOf(invalid, ch) >= 0 ? '_' : ch;
-        }
-
-        var sanitized = new string(buffer).Trim();
-        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sanitized) ? "default" : sanitized;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Reads a slot's metadata, or defaults if none has been written.</summary>
-    public static SaveDataMetadata ReadMetadata(string slotDir)
-    {
-        var path = ParamPath(slotDir);
-        if (File.Exists(path))
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                var parsed = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(File.ReadAllText(path), SaveDataMetadataContext.Default.SaveDataMetadata);
-                if (parsed is not null)
-                {
-                    return parsed;
-                }
-            }
-            catch (Exception exception) when (exception is JsonException or IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
-            {
-                // Fall through to defaults on a corrupt or unreadable metadata file.
-            }
-        }
-
-        return SaveDataMetadata.CreateDefault(Path.GetFileName(slotDir.TrimEnd(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar)));
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Writes a slot's metadata, creating <c>sce_sys/</c> as needed.</summary>
-    public static void WriteMetadata(string slotDir, SaveDataMetadata metadata)
-    {
-        var path = ParamPath(slotDir);
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(path)!);
-        File.WriteAllText(path, JsonSerializer.Serialize(metadata, SaveDataMetadataContext.Default.SaveDataMetadata));
-    }
-}
-
-/// <summary>PS5 save-slot metadata surfaced by sceSaveDataGetParam / the save UI.</summary>
-public sealed record SaveDataMetadata
-{
-    [JsonPropertyName("title")]
-    public string Title { get; init; } = "Saved Data";
-
-    [JsonPropertyName("subTitle")]
-    public string SubTitle { get; init; } = string.Empty;
-
-    [JsonPropertyName("detail")]
-    public string Detail { get; init; } = string.Empty;
-
-    [JsonPropertyName("userParam")]
-    public uint UserParam { get; init; }
-
-    public static SaveDataMetadata CreateDefault(string dirName) =>
-        new() { Title = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dirName) ? "Saved Data" : dirName };
-}
-
-[JsonSerializable(typeof(SaveDataMetadata))]
-[JsonSourceGenerationOptions(WriteIndented = true)]
-internal sealed partial class SaveDataMetadataContext : JsonSerializerContext
-{
-}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.HLE\SharpEmu.HLE.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.csproj" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Vulkan\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Vulkan.csproj" />
     <!-- SysAbi export generator + analyzers (compile-time registry, NID validation). -->
     <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.SourceGenerators\SharpEmu.SourceGenerators.csproj"

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/BoundedByteArrayPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
+
+internal sealed class BoundedByteArrayPool : ArrayPool<byte>
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly int _maxArrayLength;
+    private readonly ulong _maxCachedBytes;
+    private readonly int _maxArraysPerBucket;
+    private readonly Dictionary<int, Stack<byte[]>> _cachedByBucket = [];
+    private readonly HashSet<byte[]> _leases =
+        new(System.Collections.Generic.ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
+    private ulong _cachedBytes;
+
+    public BoundedByteArrayPool(
+        int maxArrayLength,
+        ulong maxCachedBytes,
+        int maxArraysPerBucket)
+    {
+        ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegativeOrZero(maxArrayLength);
+        ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfZero(maxCachedBytes);
+        ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegativeOrZero(maxArraysPerBucket);
+        _maxArrayLength = maxArrayLength;
+        _maxCachedBytes = maxCachedBytes;
+        _maxArraysPerBucket = maxArraysPerBucket;
+    }
+
+    public override byte[] Rent(int minimumLength)
+    {
+        ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative(minimumLength);
+        var length = GetAllocationLength(minimumLength);
+        byte[]? array = null;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (length <= _maxArrayLength &&
+                _cachedByBucket.TryGetValue(length, out var bucket) &&
+                bucket.TryPop(out array))
+            {
+                _cachedBytes -= (ulong)array.LongLength;
+            }
+
+            array ??= new byte[length];
+            _leases.Add(array);
+        }
+
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    public override void Return(byte[] array, bool clearArray = false)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(array);
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (!_leases.Remove(array))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (clearArray)
+        {
+            Array.Clear(array);
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (array.Length > _maxArrayLength ||
+                !IsBucketLength(array.Length) ||
+                (ulong)array.LongLength > _maxCachedBytes -
+                    Math.Min(_cachedBytes, _maxCachedBytes))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!_cachedByBucket.TryGetValue(array.Length, out var bucket))
+            {
+                bucket = new Stack<byte[]>();
+                _cachedByBucket.Add(array.Length, bucket);
+            }
+
+            if (bucket.Count >= _maxArraysPerBucket)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            bucket.Push(array);
+            _cachedBytes += (ulong)array.LongLength;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Trim()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _cachedByBucket.Clear();
+            _cachedBytes = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int GetAllocationLength(int minimumLength)
+    {
+        if (minimumLength <= 16)
+        {
+            return 16;
+        }
+
+        if (minimumLength > _maxArrayLength)
+        {
+            return minimumLength;
+        }
+
+        return checked((int)BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2((uint)minimumLength));
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsBucketLength(int length) =>
+        length >= 16 && (length & (length - 1)) == 0;
+}

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/PerfOverlay.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
     private static long _presentedInWindow;
     private static long _submittedInWindow;
     private static long _drawsInWindow;
-    private static long _guestBufferCacheBytes;
 
     // Refreshed once per second so per-frame fills never allocate.
     private static long _statsWindowStart = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
@@ -75,8 +74,11 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
         if (last != 0)
         {
             var milliseconds = (now - last) * 1000.0 / Stopwatch.Frequency;
-            _frameMilliseconds[_frameHistoryIndex] = milliseconds;
+            if (milliseconds < 1000.0)
-            _frameHistoryIndex = (_frameHistoryIndex + 1) % FrameHistorySize;
+            {
+                _frameMilliseconds[_frameHistoryIndex] = milliseconds;
+                _frameHistoryIndex = (_frameHistoryIndex + 1) % FrameHistorySize;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -86,9 +88,6 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
     /// <summary>Called per translated draw/dispatch executed.</summary>
     public static void RecordDraw() => Interlocked.Increment(ref _drawsInWindow);
 
-    public static void SetGuestBufferCacheBytes(ulong bytes) =>
-        Interlocked.Exchange(ref _guestBufferCacheBytes, checked((long)bytes));
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Rasterizes the panel into a BGRA byte span of PanelWidth x PanelHeight.
     /// Runs on the render thread.
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
                 Environment.ProcessorCount;
             _lastCpuTime = cpuTime;
 
-            var drawsPerFrame = _fps > 0 ? _drawsPerSecond / _fps : 0;
+            var drawsPerFrame = _fps > 0.5 ? _drawsPerSecond / _fps : 0;
             var sessionStart = Interlocked.Read(ref _sessionStartTimestamp);
             var elapsedSeconds = sessionStart == 0
                 ? 0L
@@ -177,9 +176,7 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
             _line1 = $"FPS {_fps:0.0}  FLIP {_submittedFps:0.0}  {_averageFrameMs:0.0} MS";
             _line2 = $"DRAWS {_drawsPerSecond:0}/S  {drawsPerFrame:0}/F  Q {pendingWork}+{inFlightSubmissions}";
             _line3 = $"ALLOC {_allocatedMbPerSecond:0.0} MB/S  GC {_gen0PerWindow}/{_gen1PerWindow}/{_gen2PerWindow}";
-            var heapMb = GC.GetTotalMemory(false) / (1024 * 1024);
+            _line4 = $"CPU {_cpuPercent:0}%  HEAP {GC.GetTotalMemory(false) / (1024 * 1024)} MB  F1 HIDE";
-            var guestBufferMb = Interlocked.Read(ref _guestBufferCacheBytes) / (1024 * 1024);
-            _line4 = $"MEM {heapMb}M BUF {guestBufferMb}M CPU {_cpuPercent:0}%";
             _line5 = $"TIME {elapsedHours:00}:{elapsedMinutes:00}:{elapsedRemainingSeconds:00}";
         }
     }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VideoOutExports.cs

@@ -131,14 +131,9 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
             return;
         }
 
-        // macOS can run either backend (Vulkan through MoltenVK, or Metal), so
-        // name the active one in the title to make which is in use unambiguous.
-        var backendSuffix = OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()
-            ? $" ({GuestGpu.Current.BackendName})"
-            : string.Empty;
         lock (_stateGate)
         {
-            _windowTitle = $"{_windowTitle} · {gpuName.Trim()}{backendSuffix}";
+            _windowTitle = $"{_windowTitle} · {gpuName.Trim()}";
         }
     }
 
@@ -171,12 +166,11 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
         HostSessionControl.RequestShutdown(reason);
 
         // A hosted game can still be issuing AGC work after it requests its
-        // own shutdown. Keep the presenter's resources alive until the GUI
+        // own shutdown. Keep the Vulkan resources alive until the GUI session
-        // session reaches its guest-safe exit path and disposes the host
+        // reaches its guest-safe exit path and disposes the host surface.
-        // surface.
         if (!embedded)
         {
-            GuestGpu.Current.RequestClose();
+            VulkanVideoPresenter.RequestClose();
         }
 
         // The embedded GUI owns the process lifetime. A guest shutdown should
@@ -1076,12 +1070,6 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
 
-        // SceVideoOutBufferCategory is a 32-bit enum passed on the stack; the
-        // upper 32 bits of the slot are stale (games leave GNM magic there), so
-        // mask before validating. UNCOMPRESSED (0) and COMPRESSED (1) are both
-        // valid — we present either identically, so accept both.
-        var category = (uint)categoryRaw;
-
         if (!TryGetPort(handle, out var port))
         {
             return OrbisVideoOutErrorInvalidHandle;
@@ -1102,7 +1090,7 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
             return OrbisVideoOutErrorInvalidValue;
         }
 
-        if (category > 1 || option != 0)
+        if (categoryRaw != 0 || option != 0)
         {
             return OrbisVideoOutErrorInvalidValue;
         }
@@ -1221,7 +1209,7 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
         {
             TriggerFlipEvents();
         }
-        else if (GuestGpu.Current.SubmitOrderedGuestAction(
+        else if (VulkanVideoPresenter.SubmitOrderedGuestAction(
                      TriggerFlipEvents,
                      $"videoout flip complete handle={handle} index={bufferIndex}") == 0)
         {
@@ -1275,7 +1263,7 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
         var elapsedSeconds = (double)elapsedTicks / Stopwatch.Frequency;
         var submitted = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _submittedFrameCount, 0);
         var presentedCount = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _presentedFrameCount, 0);
-        var (draws, drawMs, pipelines, spirvCompiles) = GuestGpu.Current.ReadAndResetPerfCounters();
+        var (draws, drawMs, pipelines, spirvCompiles) = VulkanVideoPresenter.ReadAndResetPerfCounters();
         Console.Error.WriteLine(
             $"[LOADER][PERF] videoout submitted_fps={submitted / elapsedSeconds:F1} " +
             $"presented_fps={presentedCount / elapsedSeconds:F1} " +
@@ -1714,7 +1702,7 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
             SceVideoOutPixelFormat2B10G10R10A2Bt2100Pq;
 
     // Maps the PS5 VideoOut pixel format space to the AGC "guest texture format" tags
-    // the backend keys its guest-image registry on (see the presenter's
+    // the backend keys its guest-image registry on (see VulkanVideoPresenter.
     // GetGuestTextureFormat: format=10 => 56 for 8-bit RGBA variants, format=9 => 9 for 10-bit).
     // Unknown formats default to 56 (8-bit RGBA) with a logged warning so games
     // display something rather than silently failing the flip pipeline.

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/Gen5MslShader.cs

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal;
-
-// MSL-specific shader artifact types. These stay beside the MSL emitter (not in the
-// backend-neutral SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler project): each codegen owns its own
-// compiled-shader shape, mirroring Gen5SpirvShader on the Vulkan side.
-public enum Gen5MslStage
-{
-    Vertex,
-    Pixel,
-    Compute,
-}
-
-/// <summary>
-/// A translated Metal shader: MSL source text plus the reflection data the Metal
-/// backend needs to bind it. Buffer argument indices follow the translation
-/// contract documented on <see cref="Gen5MslTranslator"/>: global memory buffers
-/// occupy [[buffer(globalBufferBase + i)]] in <see cref="GlobalMemoryBindings"/>
-/// order, and compute shaders reserve one trailing slot for the dispatch-limit
-/// uniform. Unlike SPIR-V, Metal fixes the threadgroup size at dispatch time, so
-/// the size the shader was translated for is carried here.
-/// </summary>
-/// <remarks>
-/// <para><see cref="UniformsBufferIndex"/> is the [[buffer(N)]] slot this stage's
-/// SharpEmuUniforms argument was emitted at (globalBufferBase +
-/// totalGlobalBufferCount, both translation-time inputs). Stages sharing a draw
-/// can disagree — a vertex stage whose guest buffers sit after the pixel
-/// stage's has a higher base — so the presenter must bind the uniforms buffer
-/// per stage at this exact index rather than assuming one shared slot.</para>
-/// <para>Texture slots are global across a draw's stages ([[texture(
-/// ImageBindingBase + i)]]). Samplers live in a per-stage argument buffer
-/// bound at <see cref="SamplerArgBufferIndex"/> (Metal caps direct
-/// [[sampler(N)]] slots at 16 per stage, but shaders sample more), holding one
-/// sampler per sampled image. <see cref="SamplerSlots"/> maps this stage's
-/// image binding index to its [[id(N)]] entry in that argument buffer, -1 for
-/// storage images that take none; <see cref="SamplerCount"/> is the entry
-/// count.</para>
-/// </remarks>
-public sealed record Gen5MslShader(
-    string Source,
-    string EntryPoint,
-    Gen5MslStage Stage,
-    IReadOnlyList<Gen5GlobalMemoryBinding> GlobalMemoryBindings,
-    IReadOnlyList<Gen5ImageBinding> ImageBindings,
-    uint AttributeCount,
-    IReadOnlyList<Gen5VertexInputBinding> VertexInputs,
-    uint ThreadgroupSizeX = 1,
-    uint ThreadgroupSizeY = 1,
-    uint ThreadgroupSizeZ = 1,
-    int UniformsBufferIndex = -1,
-    int ImageBindingBase = 0,
-    IReadOnlyList<int>? SamplerSlots = null,
-    int SamplerCount = 0,
-    int SamplerArgBufferIndex = -1);

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/Gen5MslTranslator.Pixel.cs

@@ -1,888 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Text;
-using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal;
-
-public static partial class Gen5MslTranslator
-{
-    private sealed partial class CompilationContext
-    {
-        private const uint ImageDescriptorDwords = 8;
-        private const uint SamplerDescriptorDwords = 4;
-
-        // ---- image resources ----
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Classifies every image binding (storage vs sampled, component kind
-        /// from the descriptor's unified format) and seeds the PC lookup,
-        /// mirroring DeclareImages on the SPIR-V side. MSL needs no format on
-        /// the texture type — only the component type and access.
-        /// </summary>
-        private void DeclareImageKinds()
-        {
-            for (var index = 0; index < _evaluation.ImageBindings.Count; index++)
-            {
-                var binding = _evaluation.ImageBindings[index];
-                _imageBindingByPc.TryAdd(binding.Pc, index);
-                var isStorage = Gen5ShaderTranslator.IsStorageImageOperation(binding.Opcode);
-                _imageKinds.Add((isStorage, DecodeImageComponentKind(binding.ResourceDescriptor)));
-            }
-
-            // Seed each binding's access from the opcode that defined it; the body
-            // emission (TryEmitImage) then ORs in the access of every instruction
-            // that resolves to the same binding, so a load and a store sharing one
-            // binding correctly become read_write.
-            _imageBindingReads = new bool[_imageKinds.Count];
-            _imageBindingWrites = new bool[_imageKinds.Count];
-            for (var index = 0; index < _evaluation.ImageBindings.Count; index++)
-            {
-                MarkImageBindingAccess(index, _evaluation.ImageBindings[index].Opcode);
-            }
-
-            // Assign one sampler per sampled image (storage images take none).
-            // Computed before body emission because the sample calls reference
-            // the slots. Samplers live in an argument buffer (see
-            // EmitImageArguments), so there is no 16-slot cap to dedup against —
-            // each image keeps its own sampler, matching the SPIR-V/Vulkan path.
-            _samplerSlots = new int[_imageKinds.Count];
-            _samplerCount = 0;
-            for (var index = 0; index < _imageKinds.Count; index++)
-            {
-                _samplerSlots[index] = _imageKinds[index].IsStorage ? -1 : _samplerCount++;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>Records that <paramref name="opcode"/> reads and/or writes the
-        /// storage image at <paramref name="bindingIndex"/>, so EmitImageArguments
-        /// can pick the minimal Metal access qualifier.</summary>
-        private void MarkImageBindingAccess(int bindingIndex, string opcode)
-        {
-            if ((uint)bindingIndex >= (uint)_imageBindingReads.Length)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (opcode.StartsWith("ImageStore", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-            {
-                _imageBindingWrites[bindingIndex] = true;
-            }
-            else if (opcode.StartsWith("ImageAtomic", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-            {
-                _imageBindingReads[bindingIndex] = true;
-                _imageBindingWrites[bindingIndex] = true;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // ImageLoad/ImageLoadMip and ImageGetResinfo read the texture;
-                // sampled ops are non-storage and ignore these flags.
-                _imageBindingReads[bindingIndex] = true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>"float", "int", or "uint" from the descriptor's unified format.</summary>
-        private static string DecodeImageComponentKind(IReadOnlyList<uint> descriptor)
-        {
-            if (descriptor.Count < 2)
-            {
-                return "float";
-            }
-
-            var unifiedFormat = (descriptor[1] >> 20) & 0x1FFu;
-            if (!Gfx10UnifiedFormat.TryDecode(unifiedFormat, out _, out var numberType))
-            {
-                return "float";
-            }
-
-            return numberType switch
-            {
-                4 => "uint",
-                5 => "int",
-                _ => "float",
-            };
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>Per image binding: its sampler's [[id(N)]] inside the sampler
-        /// argument buffer, or -1 for storage images. Set by DeclareImageKinds.</summary>
-        private int[] _samplerSlots = [];
-
-        /// <summary>Number of sampled images (= sampler argument-buffer entries).</summary>
-        private int _samplerCount;
-
-        /// <summary>Buffer slot the sampler argument buffer binds to, past this
-        /// stage's global buffers, uniforms, and scalar-state buffer.</summary>
-        private int SamplerArgBufferIndex =>
-            Math.Max(UniformsBufferIndex, _initialScalarBufferIndex) + 1;
-
-        /// <summary>Emits the texture arguments (direct [[texture(N)]] slots, which
-        /// run to 31 — enough) plus, when the stage samples anything, the sampler
-        /// argument buffer. Samplers go through an argument buffer rather than
-        /// [[sampler(N)]] slots because Metal caps those at 16 per stage while
-        /// real shaders sample more (void Terrarium's scene shader: 17); argument
-        /// buffers have no such limit on Apple Silicon.</summary>
-        private void EmitImageArguments(StringBuilder source)
-        {
-            for (var index = 0; index < _imageKinds.Count; index++)
-            {
-                var (isStorage, kind) = _imageKinds[index];
-                var textureSlot = _imageBindingBase + index;
-                if (isStorage)
-                {
-                    // Minimal access keeps read_write textures under Metal's cap
-                    // of 8 per function: only images that are both read and
-                    // written (or resolve a load and a store to one binding) need
-                    // read_write; the rest are read-only or write-only.
-                    var access = _imageBindingWrites[index]
-                        ? (_imageBindingReads[index] ? "read_write" : "write")
-                        : "read";
-                    source.AppendLine(
-                        $"    texture2d<{kind}, access::{access}> tex{index} [[texture({textureSlot})]],");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    source.AppendLine($"    texture2d<{kind}> tex{index} [[texture({textureSlot})]],");
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (_samplerCount > 0)
-            {
-                source.AppendLine(
-                    $"    constant Gen5Samplers& sharpemu_samplers [[buffer({SamplerArgBufferIndex})]],");
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>Declares the sampler argument-buffer struct at file scope (one
-        /// sampler per sampled image). Empty when the stage samples nothing.</summary>
-        private void EmitSamplerArgumentBufferStruct(StringBuilder source)
-        {
-            if (_samplerCount == 0)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            source.AppendLine("struct Gen5Samplers");
-            source.AppendLine("{");
-            for (var slot = 0; slot < _samplerCount; slot++)
-            {
-                source.AppendLine($"    sampler smp{slot} [[id({slot})]];");
-            }
-
-            source.AppendLine("};");
-            source.AppendLine();
-        }
-
-        private bool TryResolveDominatingImageBinding(
-            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
-            Gen5ImageControl control,
-            out int bindingIndex)
-        {
-            if (_imageBindingByPc.TryGetValue(instruction.Pc, out bindingIndex) &&
-                bindingIndex < _imageKinds.Count)
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            var storage = Gen5ShaderTranslator.IsStorageImageOperation(instruction.Opcode);
-            for (var index = 0; index < _evaluation.ImageBindings.Count; index++)
-            {
-                var candidate = _evaluation.ImageBindings[index];
-                if (candidate.Control.ScalarResource != control.ScalarResource ||
-                    candidate.Control.ScalarSampler != control.ScalarSampler ||
-                    Gen5ShaderTranslator.IsStorageImageOperation(candidate.Opcode) != storage ||
-                    !HasSameScalarDefinitions(
-                        candidate.Pc,
-                        instruction.Pc,
-                        control.ScalarResource,
-                        ImageDescriptorDwords) ||
-                    (UsesSampler(instruction.Opcode) &&
-                     !HasSameScalarDefinitions(
-                         candidate.Pc,
-                         instruction.Pc,
-                         control.ScalarSampler,
-                         SamplerDescriptorDwords)))
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                bindingIndex = index;
-                _imageBindingByPc.Add(instruction.Pc, index);
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            bindingIndex = -1;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        private bool HasSameScalarDefinitions(
-            uint candidatePc,
-            uint targetPc,
-            uint firstRegister,
-            uint registerCount)
-        {
-            if (firstRegister + registerCount > ScalarRegisterFileCount ||
-                !_scalarDefinitionsBeforePc.TryGetValue(candidatePc, out var candidate) ||
-                !_scalarDefinitionsBeforePc.TryGetValue(targetPc, out var target))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            for (var register = firstRegister;
-                 register < firstRegister + registerCount;
-                 register++)
-            {
-                var definition = candidate[register];
-                if (definition is ConflictingScalarDefinition or UnreachableScalarDefinition ||
-                    target[register] != definition)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        private static bool UsesSampler(string opcode) =>
-            opcode.StartsWith("ImageSample", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
-            opcode.StartsWith("ImageGather", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-
-        // ---- image instruction emission ----
-
-        private bool TryEmitImage(
-            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
-            Gen5ImageControl image,
-            out string error)
-        {
-            error = string.Empty;
-            if (!TryResolveDominatingImageBinding(instruction, image, out var bindingIndex))
-            {
-                error = $"unresolved image binding t=s{image.ScalarResource} s=s{image.ScalarSampler}";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // The resolving instruction may differ from the one that defined the
-            // binding (a store can dominate a load's binding); fold its access in.
-            MarkImageBindingAccess(bindingIndex, instruction.Opcode);
-            var (isStorage, kind) = _imageKinds[bindingIndex];
-            var texture = $"tex{bindingIndex}";
-
-            if (instruction.Opcode == "ImageGetResinfo")
-            {
-                var width = Temp("uint", isStorage
-                    ? $"{texture}.get_width()"
-                    : $"{texture}.get_width(0)");
-                var height = Temp("uint", isStorage
-                    ? $"{texture}.get_height()"
-                    : $"{texture}.get_height(0)");
-                uint outputIndex = 0;
-                for (var component = 0; component < 4; component++)
-                {
-                    if ((image.Dmask & (1u << component)) == 0)
-                    {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    StoreVector(
-                        image.VectorData + outputIndex++,
-                        component switch
-                        {
-                            0 => width,
-                            1 => height,
-                            _ => "1u",
-                        });
-                }
-
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            if (instruction.Opcode is "ImageStore" or "ImageStoreMip")
-            {
-                if (!isStorage)
-                {
-                    error = "image store is not bound as storage";
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                var x = Temp("int", $"as_type<int>({ImageIntegerAddress(image, 0)})");
-                var y = Temp("int", $"as_type<int>({ImageIntegerAddress(image, 1)})");
-                var components = new string[4];
-                uint sourceIndex = 0;
-                for (var component = 0; component < 4; component++)
-                {
-                    components[component] = (image.Dmask & (1u << component)) != 0
-                        ? ImageTexelComponent(kind, ImageStoreComponent(image, kind, sourceIndex++))
-                        : kind == "float" ? "0.0f" : "0";
-                }
-
-                // Bounds-checked, EXEC-guarded write.
-                Line($"if (exec && {x} >= 0 && {y} >= 0 && {x} < (int){texture}.get_width() && {y} < (int){texture}.get_height())");
-                Line("{");
-                _indent++;
-                Line($"{texture}.write({VectorLiteral(kind)}({components[0]}, {components[1]}, {components[2]}, {components[3]}), uint2((uint){x}, (uint){y}));");
-                _indent--;
-                Line("}");
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            if (isStorage && instruction.Opcode is not ("ImageLoad" or "ImageLoadMip"))
-            {
-                error = $"unsupported storage image opcode {instruction.Opcode}";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            string sampled;
-            var writeAllComponents = false;
-            if (instruction.Opcode is "ImageLoad" or "ImageLoadMip")
-            {
-                var mip = _evaluation.ImageBindings[bindingIndex].MipLevel ?? 0;
-                var widthQuery = isStorage ? $"{texture}.get_width()" : $"{texture}.get_width({mip}u)";
-                var heightQuery = isStorage ? $"{texture}.get_height()" : $"{texture}.get_height({mip}u)";
-                var x = Temp(
-                    "uint",
-                    $"(uint)clamp(as_type<int>({ImageIntegerAddress(image, 0)}), 0, (int){widthQuery} - 1)");
-                var y = Temp(
-                    "uint",
-                    $"(uint)clamp(as_type<int>({ImageIntegerAddress(image, 1)}), 0, (int){heightQuery} - 1)");
-                sampled = Temp(
-                    $"vec<{kind}, 4>",
-                    isStorage
-                        ? $"{texture}.read(uint2({x}, {y}))"
-                        : $"{texture}.read(uint2({x}, {y}), {mip}u)");
-            }
-            else if (instruction.Opcode.StartsWith("ImageSample", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-            {
-                if (!TryEmitImageSample(instruction, image, bindingIndex, kind, out sampled, out error))
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (instruction.Opcode.StartsWith("ImageGather4", StringComparison.Ordinal))
-            {
-                if (!TryEmitImageGather(instruction, image, bindingIndex, kind, out sampled, out error))
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                writeAllComponents = true;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                error = $"unsupported image opcode {instruction.Opcode}";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var outputValues = new List<string>(4);
-            for (var component = 0; component < 4; component++)
-            {
-                if (!writeAllComponents && (image.Dmask & (1u << component)) == 0)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                var value = $"{sampled}[{component}]";
-                outputValues.Add(kind == "uint" ? value : AsUInt(value));
-            }
-
-            if (image.D16)
-            {
-                for (var index = 0; index < outputValues.Count; index += 2)
-                {
-                    var low = outputValues[index];
-                    var high = index + 1 < outputValues.Count ? outputValues[index + 1] : "0u";
-                    StoreVector(
-                        image.VectorData + (uint)(index / 2),
-                        PackImageD16(kind, low, high));
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                for (var index = 0; index < outputValues.Count; index++)
-                {
-                    StoreVector(image.VectorData + (uint)index, outputValues[index]);
-                }
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        private bool TryEmitImageSample(
-            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
-            Gen5ImageControl image,
-            int bindingIndex,
-            string kind,
-            out string sampled,
-            out string error)
-        {
-            sampled = string.Empty;
-            error = string.Empty;
-            var opcode = instruction.Opcode;
-            var texture = $"tex{bindingIndex}";
-            var samplerName = $"sharpemu_samplers.smp{_samplerSlots[bindingIndex]}";
-            var hasOffset = opcode.EndsWith("O", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var hasCompare = opcode.Contains("SampleC", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var hasGradients = opcode.Contains("SampleD", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var hasZeroLod = opcode.Contains("Lz", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var hasLod = !hasZeroLod && opcode.Contains("SampleL", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var hasBias = opcode.Contains("SampleB", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-
-            // RDNA MIMG address operands are ordered
-            // {offset}{bias}{z-compare}{derivatives}{body}; SAMPLE_L carries LOD
-            // as the final body component instead.
-            var addressCursor = 0;
-            var offsetX = "0";
-            var offsetY = "0";
-            if (hasOffset)
-            {
-                addressCursor = AlignFullImageAddress(image, addressCursor);
-                var packed = Temp(
-                    "int",
-                    $"as_type<int>(v[{image.GetAddressRegister(ImageAddressRegister(image, addressCursor))}])");
-                offsetX = Temp("int", $"extract_bits({packed}, 0u, 6u)");
-                offsetY = Temp("int", $"extract_bits({packed}, 8u, 6u)");
-                addressCursor += ImageFullAddressSlots(image);
-            }
-
-            var bias = hasBias ? Temp("float", ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor++)) : "0.0f";
-            var reference = "0.0f";
-            if (hasCompare)
-            {
-                addressCursor = AlignFullImageAddress(image, addressCursor);
-                reference = Temp(
-                    "float",
-                    $"as_type<float>(v[{image.GetAddressRegister(ImageAddressRegister(image, addressCursor))}])");
-                addressCursor += ImageFullAddressSlots(image);
-            }
-
-            var gradientX = "float2(0.0f)";
-            var gradientY = "float2(0.0f)";
-            if (hasGradients)
-            {
-                gradientX = Temp(
-                    "float2",
-                    $"float2({ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor)}, {ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor + 1)})");
-                gradientY = Temp(
-                    "float2",
-                    $"float2({ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor + 2)}, {ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor + 3)})");
-                addressCursor += 4;
-            }
-
-            var coordinates = Temp(
-                "float2",
-                $"float2({ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor)}, {ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor + 1)})");
-            var lod = hasZeroLod
-                ? "0.0f"
-                : hasLod
-                    ? Temp("float", ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor + 2))
-                    : bias;
-            if (hasOffset)
-            {
-                // Per-lane texel offsets fold into normalized coordinates using
-                // the selected mip extent, mirroring the SPIR-V translator
-                // (Metal sample offsets must be compile-time constants).
-                var explicitLod = hasGradients || hasZeroLod || hasLod;
-                var offsetLod = explicitLod && !hasGradients ? lod : "0.0f";
-                var mipLevel = Temp("uint", $"(uint)max((int)({offsetLod}), 0)");
-                coordinates = Temp(
-                    "float2",
-                    $"{coordinates} + float2((float){offsetX} / (float){texture}.get_width({mipLevel}), " +
-                    $"(float){offsetY} / (float){texture}.get_height({mipLevel}))");
-            }
-
-            var samplerArguments = hasGradients
-                ? $", gradient2d({gradientX}, {gradientY})"
-                : hasZeroLod || hasLod
-                    ? $", level({lod})"
-                    : hasBias
-                        ? $", bias({bias})"
-                        : string.Empty;
-            sampled = Temp(
-                $"vec<{kind}, 4>",
-                $"{texture}.sample({samplerName}, {coordinates}{samplerArguments})");
-            if (hasCompare)
-            {
-                // Manual PCF: reference passes when <= texel, broadcast (r,r,r,1).
-                var passes = Temp("bool", $"{reference} <= (float){sampled}[0]");
-                var one = kind == "float" ? "1.0f" : "1";
-                var zero = kind == "float" ? "0.0f" : "0";
-                sampled = Temp(
-                    $"vec<{kind}, 4>",
-                    $"{VectorLiteral(kind)}({passes} ? {one} : {zero}, {passes} ? {one} : {zero}, {passes} ? {one} : {zero}, {one})");
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        private bool TryEmitImageGather(
-            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
-            Gen5ImageControl image,
-            int bindingIndex,
-            string kind,
-            out string sampled,
-            out string error)
-        {
-            sampled = string.Empty;
-            error = string.Empty;
-            var opcode = instruction.Opcode;
-            var texture = $"tex{bindingIndex}";
-            var samplerName = $"sharpemu_samplers.smp{_samplerSlots[bindingIndex]}";
-            var hasOffset = opcode.EndsWith("O", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var hasCompare = opcode.Contains("Gather4C", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var addressCursor = 0;
-            var offset = "int2(0)";
-            if (hasOffset)
-            {
-                var packed = Temp(
-                    "int",
-                    $"as_type<int>(v[{image.GetAddressRegister(ImageAddressRegister(image, addressCursor))}])");
-                offset = Temp(
-                    "int2",
-                    $"int2(extract_bits({packed}, 0u, 6u), extract_bits({packed}, 8u, 6u))");
-                addressCursor += ImageFullAddressSlots(image);
-            }
-
-            var reference = "0.0f";
-            if (hasCompare)
-            {
-                addressCursor = AlignFullImageAddress(image, addressCursor);
-                reference = Temp(
-                    "float",
-                    $"as_type<float>(v[{image.GetAddressRegister(ImageAddressRegister(image, addressCursor))}])");
-                addressCursor += ImageFullAddressSlots(image);
-            }
-
-            var coordinates = Temp(
-                "float2",
-                $"float2({ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor)}, {ImageFloatAddress(image, addressCursor + 1)})");
-
-            // The gathered component is selected from the first dmask bit.
-            uint component = 0;
-            while (component < 3 && (image.Dmask & (1u << (int)component)) == 0)
-            {
-                component++;
-            }
-
-            var componentName = hasCompare ? "x" : component switch
-            {
-                0 => "x",
-                1 => "y",
-                2 => "z",
-                _ => "w",
-            };
-            sampled = Temp(
-                $"vec<{kind}, 4>",
-                $"{texture}.gather({samplerName}, {coordinates}, {offset}, component::{componentName})");
-            if (hasCompare)
-            {
-                var one = kind == "float" ? "1.0f" : "1";
-                var zero = kind == "float" ? "0.0f" : "0";
-                var compared = Temp(
-                    $"vec<{kind}, 4>",
-                    $"{VectorLiteral(kind)}(" +
-                    $"{reference} <= (float){sampled}[0] ? {one} : {zero}, " +
-                    $"{reference} <= (float){sampled}[1] ? {one} : {zero}, " +
-                    $"{reference} <= (float){sampled}[2] ? {one} : {zero}, " +
-                    $"{reference} <= (float){sampled}[3] ? {one} : {zero})");
-                sampled = compared;
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        private static string VectorLiteral(string kind) => $"vec<{kind}, 4>";
-
-        private static int ImageAddressRegister(Gen5ImageControl image, int component) =>
-            image.A16 ? component / 2 : component;
-
-        private static int ImageFullAddressSlots(Gen5ImageControl image) =>
-            image.A16 ? 2 : 1;
-
-        private static int AlignFullImageAddress(Gen5ImageControl image, int component) =>
-            image.A16 ? (component + 1) & ~1 : component;
-
-        /// <summary>Float address component, unpacking A16 half pairs.</summary>
-        private string ImageFloatAddress(Gen5ImageControl image, int component)
-        {
-            var register = image.GetAddressRegister(ImageAddressRegister(image, component));
-            return image.A16
-                ? $"(float)as_type<half2>(v[{register}])[{component & 1}]"
-                : $"as_type<float>(v[{register}])";
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>Integer address component, unpacking A16 16-bit pairs.</summary>
-        private string ImageIntegerAddress(Gen5ImageControl image, int component)
-        {
-            var register = image.GetAddressRegister(ImageAddressRegister(image, component));
-            return image.A16
-                ? $"((v[{register}] >> {(component & 1) * 16}) & 0xFFFFu)"
-                : $"v[{register}]";
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>One store-source component, unpacking D16 halves.</summary>
-        private string ImageStoreComponent(Gen5ImageControl image, string kind, uint component)
-        {
-            if (!image.D16)
-            {
-                return $"v[{image.VectorData + component}]";
-            }
-
-            var packed = $"v[{image.VectorData + (component / 2)}]";
-            if (kind == "float")
-            {
-                return AsUInt($"(float)as_type<half2>({packed})[{component & 1}]");
-            }
-
-            var low = $"(({packed} >> {(component & 1) * 16}) & 0xFFFFu)";
-            return kind == "int"
-                ? $"(uint)extract_bits(as_type<int>({low}), 0u, 16u)"
-                : low;
-        }
-
-        private static string ImageTexelComponent(string kind, string raw) => kind switch
-        {
-            "int" => $"as_type<int>({raw})",
-            "uint" => raw,
-            _ => $"as_type<float>({raw})",
-        };
-
-        private string PackImageD16(string kind, string low, string high)
-        {
-            if (kind == "float")
-            {
-                return $"(((uint)as_type<ushort>(half(as_type<float>({low})))) | (((uint)as_type<ushort>(half(as_type<float>({high})))) << 16))";
-            }
-
-            return $"((({low}) & 0xFFFFu) | ((({high}) & 0xFFFFu) << 16))";
-        }
-
-        // ---- exports ----
-
-        private bool TryEmitExport(
-            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
-            Gen5ExportControl export,
-            out string error)
-        {
-            error = string.Empty;
-            if (instruction.Sources.Count < 4)
-            {
-                error = "missing export sources";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (_stage == Gen5MslStage.Vertex)
-            {
-                return TryEmitVertexExport(instruction, export);
-            }
-
-            if (_stage != Gen5MslStage.Pixel)
-            {
-                // Compute programs have no export interface.
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            Gen5PixelOutputBinding? binding = null;
-            foreach (var candidate in _pixelOutputBindings)
-            {
-                if (candidate.GuestSlot == export.Target)
-                {
-                    binding = candidate;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (binding is null)
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            var field = $"sharpemu_out.mrt{binding.Value.GuestSlot}";
-            var componentType = binding.Value.Kind switch
-            {
-                Gen5PixelOutputKind.Uint => "uint",
-                Gen5PixelOutputKind.Sint => "int",
-                _ => "float",
-            };
-            var values = new string[4];
-            for (var component = 0; component < 4; component++)
-            {
-                if ((export.EnableMask & (1u << component)) == 0)
-                {
-                    values[component] = $"{field}[{component}]";
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if (export.Compressed)
-                {
-                    var packed = $"v[{instruction.Sources[component >> 1].Value}]";
-                    var half = $"(float)as_type<half2>({packed})[{component & 1}]";
-                    values[component] = binding.Value.Kind switch
-                    {
-                        Gen5PixelOutputKind.Uint => $"(uint)({half})",
-                        Gen5PixelOutputKind.Sint => $"(int)({half})",
-                        _ => half,
-                    };
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                var raw = $"v[{instruction.Sources[component].Value}]";
-                values[component] = binding.Value.Kind switch
-                {
-                    Gen5PixelOutputKind.Uint => raw,
-                    Gen5PixelOutputKind.Sint => $"as_type<int>({raw})",
-                    _ => $"as_type<float>({raw})",
-                };
-            }
-
-            // A lane removed from EXEC keeps the previous output value; killed
-            // fragments are discarded in the epilogue.
-            Line($"{field} = exec ? vec<{componentType}, 4>({values[0]}, {values[1]}, {values[2]}, {values[3]}) : {field};");
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        private bool TryEmitVertexExport(
-            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
-            Gen5ExportControl export)
-        {
-            // Target 12 is POS0; 32..63 are the param outputs. Everything else
-            // (other position slots, MRTZ) is ignored like the SPIR-V side.
-            string field;
-            if (export.Target == 12)
-            {
-                field = "sharpemu_out.sharpemu_position";
-            }
-            else if (export.Target is >= 32 and < 64 &&
-                     _vertexOutputs.Contains(export.Target - 32))
-            {
-                field = $"sharpemu_out.param{export.Target - 32}";
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            var values = new string[4];
-            for (var component = 0; component < 4; component++)
-            {
-                if ((export.EnableMask & (1u << component)) == 0)
-                {
-                    values[component] = component == 3 ? "1.0f" : "0.0f";
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if (export.Compressed)
-                {
-                    var packed = $"v[{instruction.Sources[component >> 1].Value}]";
-                    values[component] = $"(float)as_type<half2>({packed})[{component & 1}]";
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                values[component] = $"as_type<float>(v[{instruction.Sources[component].Value}])";
-            }
-
-            Line($"{field} = exec ? float4({values[0]}, {values[1]}, {values[2]}, {values[3]}) : {field};");
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Vertex attribute fetch: the evaluator captured this buffer load as a
-        /// fixed-function vertex input, so read the stage_in field instead of
-        /// guest memory (bound via MTLVertexDescriptor by the backend).
-        /// </summary>
-        private bool TryEmitVertexInputFetch(
-            Gen5BufferMemoryControl control,
-            Gen5VertexInputBinding input,
-            out string error)
-        {
-            error = string.Empty;
-            if (control.DwordCount == 0 || control.DwordCount > input.ComponentCount)
-            {
-                error =
-                    $"invalid vertex input fetch components={control.DwordCount} " +
-                    $"input={input.ComponentCount}";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            for (uint component = 0; component < control.DwordCount; component++)
-            {
-                var value = input.ComponentCount == 1
-                    ? $"sharpemu_vin.in{input.Location}"
-                    : $"sharpemu_vin.in{input.Location}[{component}]";
-                StoreVector(control.VectorData + component, AsUInt(value));
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // ---- interpolation / pixel inputs ----
-
-        private bool TryEmitInterpolation(
-            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
-            Gen5InterpolationControl interpolation,
-            out string error)
-        {
-            error = string.Empty;
-            if (_stage != Gen5MslStage.Pixel ||
-                !_pixelAttributes.Contains(interpolation.Attribute) ||
-                instruction.Destinations.Count == 0 ||
-                instruction.Destinations[0].Kind != Gen5OperandKind.VectorRegister)
-            {
-                error = "invalid interpolated attribute";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            StoreVector(
-                instruction.Destinations[0].Value,
-                AsUInt($"sharpemu_in.attr{interpolation.Attribute}[{interpolation.Channel}]"));
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Seeds pixel input VGPRs in SPI_PS_INPUT_ADDR compact order: the
-        /// interpolation slots reserve registers even though V_INTERP reads MSL
-        /// varyings directly, and the position inputs land in the
-        /// hardware-selected VGPRs from the fragment coordinate.
-        /// </summary>
-        private void EmitPixelInputState(StringBuilder source)
-        {
-            uint vgpr = 0;
-
-            void Advance(int bit, uint dwordCount)
-            {
-                if ((_pixelInputAddress & (1u << bit)) != 0)
-                {
-                    vgpr += dwordCount;
-                }
-            }
-
-            void Position(int bit, string component)
-            {
-                var mask = 1u << bit;
-                if ((_pixelInputAddress & mask) == 0)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if ((_pixelInputEnable & mask) != 0)
-                {
-                    source.AppendLine(
-                        $"    v[{vgpr}] = as_type<uint>(sharpemu_in.sharpemu_frag_coord.{component});");
-                }
-
-                vgpr++;
-            }
-
-            Advance(0, 2);  // PERSP_SAMPLE
-            Advance(1, 2);  // PERSP_CENTER
-            Advance(2, 2);  // PERSP_CENTROID
-            Advance(3, 3);  // PERSP_PULL_MODEL
-            Advance(4, 2);  // LINEAR_SAMPLE
-            Advance(5, 2);  // LINEAR_CENTER
-            Advance(6, 2);  // LINEAR_CENTROID
-            Advance(7, 1);  // LINE_STIPPLE
-            Position(8, "x");
-            Position(9, "y");
-            Position(10, "z");
-            Position(11, "w");
-        }
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/MslFixedShaders.cs

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.Text;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// The fixed presenter shaders, mirroring SpirvFixedShaders semantically. The
-/// MSL lives in Templates/*.msl (authored as real Metal source); this class
-/// only substitutes the per-call parameters. Entry point names are stable
-/// (Metal forbids "main"); textures and samplers bind at index 0; attributes
-/// use the same user(locn) convention as the translated stages.
-/// </summary>
-public static class MslFixedShaders
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Fullscreen triangle from the vertex index; every attribute location in
-    /// 0..attributeCount-1 carries (x, y, 0, 1) so paired fragment stages can
-    /// read a screen-space UV from any location.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static string CreateFullscreenVertex(uint attributeCount)
-    {
-        var fields = new StringBuilder();
-        var stores = new StringBuilder();
-        for (uint index = 0; index < attributeCount; index++)
-        {
-            if (index != 0)
-            {
-                fields.AppendLine();
-                stores.AppendLine();
-            }
-
-            fields.Append($"    float4 attr{index} [[user(locn{index})]];");
-            stores.Append($"    out.attr{index} = float4(x, y, 0.0f, 1.0f);");
-        }
-
-        return MslTemplates.Render(
-            "fullscreen_vertex",
-            ("attribute_fields", fields.ToString()),
-            ("attribute_stores", stores.ToString()));
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Samples texture 0 at the interpolated location-0 UV.</summary>
-    public static string CreateCopyFragment() => MslTemplates.Render("copy_fragment");
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// The presenter's blit stage: samples texture 0 with V flipped, because
-    /// pairing the shared fullscreen triangle with Metal's y-up NDC puts UV
-    /// (0,0) at the bottom of the screen while textures keep v=0 at the top.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static string CreatePresentFragment() => MslTemplates.Render("present_fragment");
-
-    public static string CreateSolidFragment(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha) =>
-        MslTemplates.Render(
-            "solid_fragment",
-            ("red", Format(red)),
-            ("green", Format(green)),
-            ("blue", Format(blue)),
-            ("alpha", Format(alpha)));
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Diagnostic fragment stage exposing one interpolated vertex output
-    /// directly as color, isolating fragment translation from interface data.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static string CreateAttributeFragment(uint location) =>
-        MslTemplates.Render(
-            "attribute_fragment",
-            ("location", location.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Output-free fragment stage for fixed-function depth-only passes: the
-    /// guest has no pixel shader, so no color may be written while depth
-    /// testing still runs for the translated vertex shader.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static string CreateDepthOnlyFragment() => MslTemplates.Render("depth_only_fragment");
-
-    private static string Format(float value) =>
-        value.ToString("0.0######", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "f";
-}

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/MslTemplates.cs

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
-using System.Text;
-
-namespace SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// Loads the static MSL blocks from embedded Templates/*.msl resources and
-/// substitutes {{placeholder}} tokens. The static prelude and fixed shaders
-/// are authored as real Metal source files; only the per-instruction body
-/// emission stays programmatic in the translator.
-/// </summary>
-internal static class MslTemplates
-{
-    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, string> _cache = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
-
-    public static string Render(string name, params (string Key, string Value)[] substitutions)
-    {
-        var template = _cache.GetOrAdd(name, Load);
-        if (substitutions.Length == 0)
-        {
-            return template;
-        }
-
-        var builder = new StringBuilder(template);
-        foreach (var (key, value) in substitutions)
-        {
-            builder.Replace("{{" + key + "}}", value);
-        }
-
-        var rendered = builder.ToString();
-        var marker = rendered.IndexOf("{{", StringComparison.Ordinal);
-        if (marker >= 0)
-        {
-            var end = rendered.IndexOf("}}", marker, StringComparison.Ordinal);
-            var token = end > marker ? rendered[marker..(end + 2)] : "{{...";
-            throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                $"template '{name}' has an unsubstituted placeholder {token}");
-        }
-
-        return rendered;
-    }
-
-    private static string Load(string name)
-    {
-        var assembly = typeof(MslTemplates).Assembly;
-        var resourceName = $"SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal.Templates.{name}.msl";
-        using var stream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName)
-            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"missing embedded MSL template {resourceName}");
-        using var reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
-        return reader.ReadToEnd();
-    }
-}

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal.csproj

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
--->
-
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-
-  <!-- The Metal codegen backend: consumes the backend-neutral shader IR from
-       SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler and emits Metal Shading Language source text.
-       Deliberately has no dependency on Metal bindings — emitters produce text;
-       renderers own APIs (the Metal backend compiles the source via MTLLibrary). -->
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <GenerateDocumentationFile>false</GenerateDocumentationFile>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler\SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.csproj" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <!-- Static MSL blocks (prelude helpers, fixed shaders) authored as real
-         Metal source; the emitter renders them with placeholder substitution. -->
-    <EmbeddedResource Include="Templates\**\*.msl" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-</Project>

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/Templates/attribute_fragment.msl

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#include <metal_stdlib>
-
-using namespace metal;
-
-struct AttributeIn
-{
-    float4 attr{{location}} [[user(locn{{location}})]];
-};
-
-fragment float4 attribute_fs(AttributeIn in [[stage_in]])
-{
-    return in.attr{{location}};
-}

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/Templates/copy_fragment.msl

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#include <metal_stdlib>
-
-using namespace metal;
-
-struct CopyIn
-{
-    float4 attr0 [[user(locn0)]];
-};
-
-fragment float4 copy_fs(
-    CopyIn in [[stage_in]],
-    texture2d<float> tex0 [[texture(0)]],
-    sampler smp0 [[sampler(0)]])
-{
-    return tex0.sample(smp0, in.attr0.xy);
-}

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Metal/Templates/depth_only_fragment.msl

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include <metal_stdlib>
-
-using namespace metal;
-
-fragment void depth_only_fs()
-{
-}