chore: bump version to 0.0.2-beta.3 (#345)

* [AGC] Decode VOP3P and emit packed f16 arithmetic (first slice)

On gfx10 the VOP3P family lives under its own 0b110011000 prefix (word0
top byte 0xCC), which the major-opcode switch currently routes to the
SMEM branch, so packed instructions were decoded as scalar memory ops
and emitted as silent no-ops. Intercept the exact 9-bit prefix ahead of
the switch, decode the five packed-f16 arithmetic opcodes with their
op_sel/op_sel_hi/neg_lo/neg_hi/clamp modifiers, and emit them as
UnpackHalf2x16 -> component-wise f32 vec2 ops -> PackHalf2x16 so no
Float16 capability is needed.

Bit layout and opcode numbers pinned to LLVM MC test encodings
(vop3p.s, gfx10_vop3p_literalv216.txt) and VOP3PInstructions.td.
Unsupported modifiers, packed constants and out-of-scope packed opcodes
fail with a clear error instead of emitting wrong results.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* [AGC] Make packed f16 exact and drop v_pk_fma_f16 (review response)

Address the FP16 correctness review on the VOP3P slice.

Replace GLSL UnpackHalf2x16/PackHalf2x16 with explicit integer f16<->f32
conversions (EmitHalfToFloat/EmitFloatToHalf): exact widening with subnormal
normalisation, and narrowing with round-to-nearest-even, overflow-to-Inf and
NaN/Inf handling. Their subnormal and rounding behaviour no longer depends on
implementation-defined float-controls modes.

With exact conversions, v_pk_add_f16 and v_pk_mul_f16 are bit-exact to a true
f16 op (f32 result rounds losslessly to f16; a f16 product fits in f32). Emit
v_pk_min_f16/v_pk_max_f16 as fminnum_like/fmaxnum_like (NaN operand returns the
other; ordered numeric compare) instead of GLSL FMin/FMax.

v_pk_fma_f16 now fails emission loudly: a fused f16 FMA rounds once, an f32
multiply-add then pack double-rounds (fma(0x4100,0x7522,0x04EA) is 0x7A6B fused
vs 0x7A6A via f32). Exact fused emulation is a planned follow-up slice.

ShaderDump gains an Expect model (Translates/DecodeFails/EmitFails) and packed
regressions: arith, non-default modifiers, and loud-failure pins for the fma
case above and for clamp.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: tensorcrush <tensorcrush@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Antigravity AI <antigravity@gemini.com>

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
-<!--
-Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
-SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
--->
-
 ## Before submitting
 
 Please read our contribution guidelines before opening a pull request:
 
-➡️ [**CONTRIBUTING.md**](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+➡️ [**CONTRIBUTING.md**](https://github.com/sharpemu/sharpemu/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 
 By opening this pull request, you confirm that you have read and agree to follow the contribution guidelines.
 
-## Checklist
+## Testing
-By submitting this PR, you confirm that:
 
-- [ ] I have read `CONTRIBUTING.md`.
+If applicable, list the game(s) you tested and briefly describe the results.
-- [ ] I tested my changes.
+
-- [ ] I wrote this description myself and did not copy AI-generated explanations.
+Example:
-- [ ] I listed the game(s) I tested, if applicable.
+
+- Demon's Souls (PPSA01341) – Boots to splash screen.
+- Dreaming Sarah – Save/load works correctly.
+
+If your changes do not affect runtime behavior (e.g. documentation, tooling, CI), write `N/A`.
+
+## Checklist
+
+By submitting this pull request, you confirm that:
+
+- [ ] I have read and followed `CONTRIBUTING.md`.
+- [ ] I tested my changes or marked the testing section as `N/A`.
+- [ ] I wrote this pull request description myself and did not paste AI-generated explanations.
+- [ ] I listed the game(s) I tested (or marked the testing section as `N/A`).

Directory.Build.props

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
-    <SharpEmuVersion>0.0.2-beta.2</SharpEmuVersion>
+    <SharpEmuVersion>0.0.2-beta.3</SharpEmuVersion>
     <Version>$(SharpEmuVersion)</Version>
 
     <RepoRoot>$([MSBuild]::NormalizeDirectory('$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)'))</RepoRoot>

REUSE.toml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ path = [
     "src/SharpEmu.GUI/Languages/**",
     "_logs/**",
     ".github/images/**",
+    ".github/pull_request_template.md",
     "assets/images/**"
 ]
 precedence = "aggregate"

src/SharpEmu.Core/Loader/SelfLoader.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
 
 public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
 {
-    private const uint SelfMagic = 0x4F153D1D;
+    private const uint ElfMagic = 0x7F454C46;
+    private const uint Ps4SelfMagic = 0x4F153D1D;
+    private const uint Ps5SelfMagic = 0x5414F5EE;
     private const ulong SelfSegmentFlag = 0x800;
     private const int PageSize = 0x1000;
     private const ulong ImportStubBaseAddress = 0x0000_7000_0000_0000UL;
@@ -355,10 +357,11 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
             throw new InvalidDataException("Input image is too small to contain an ELF header.");
         }
 
-        if (imageData.Length >= sizeof(uint) && BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]) == SelfMagic)
+        var magic = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]);
+        if (magic is Ps4SelfMagic or Ps5SelfMagic)
         {
             var selfHeader = ReadUnmanaged<SelfHeader>(imageData, 0);
-            if (!selfHeader.HasKnownLayout || selfHeader.Unknown != 0x22)
+            if (!selfHeader.HasKnownLayout)
             {
                 throw new InvalidDataException("SELF header signature is not recognized.");
             }
@@ -381,13 +384,11 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
         // acceptable here; anything else — most commonly a still-encrypted
         // retail eboot — must be reported clearly rather than failing later
         // with an opaque "not a valid ELF header" message.
-        const uint ElfMagicBigEndian = 0x7F454C46; // "\x7fELF"
+        if (magic != ElfMagic)
-        var leadingWord = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(imageData[..sizeof(uint)]);
-        if (leadingWord != ElfMagicBigEndian)
         {
             throw new InvalidDataException(
                 $"Image is neither a decrypted ELF nor a recognized fake-signed SELF " +
-                $"(leading bytes 0x{leadingWord:X8}). This is almost certainly a still-encrypted " +
+                $"(leading bytes 0x{magic:X8}). This is almost certainly a still-encrypted " +
                 $"retail eboot — SharpEmu has no decryption keys and requires a decrypted / " +
                 $"fake-signed (fSELF) image.");
         }
@@ -2789,28 +2790,27 @@ public sealed class SelfLoader : ISelfLoader
         private readonly ushort _size2;
         private readonly ulong _fileSize;
         private readonly ushort _segmentCount;
-        private readonly ushort _unknown;
+        private readonly ushort _flags;
         private readonly uint _padding;
 
         public ushort SegmentCount => _segmentCount;
 
-        public ushort Unknown => _unknown;
-
         public ulong FileSize => _fileSize;
 
+        // Version, key type, and flags are signing metadata and vary across
+        // valid SELF images. They do not change the fixed header layout.
         public bool HasKnownLayout =>
-            _ident0 == 0x4F &&
+            ((_ident0 == 0x4F &&
-            _ident1 == 0x15 &&
+              _ident1 == 0x15 &&
-            _ident2 == 0x3D &&
+              _ident2 == 0x3D &&
-            _ident3 == 0x1D &&
+              _ident3 == 0x1D) ||
-            _ident4 == 0x00 &&
+             (_ident0 == 0x54 &&
+              _ident1 == 0x14 &&
+              _ident2 == 0xF5 &&
+              _ident3 == 0xEE)) &&
             _ident5 == 0x01 &&
             _ident6 == 0x01 &&
-            _ident7 == 0x12 &&
+            _ident7 == 0x12;
-            _ident8 == 0x01 &&
-            _ident9 == 0x01 &&
-            _ident10 == 0x00 &&
-            _ident11 == 0x00;
     }
 
     [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs

@@ -295,6 +295,10 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
     private static bool _presenterCloseRequested;
     private const string DebugUtilsExtensionName = "VK_EXT_debug_utils";
     private const uint NvidiaVendorId = 0x10DE;
+    private const uint AmdVendorId = 0x1002;
+    // Other GPU PCI vendor IDs, for reference when adding future rules:
+    // Intel 0x8086, Apple 0x106B, Qualcomm 0x5143 (Windows-on-ARM), Microsoft software 0x1414.
+    private const int LastResortPenalty = 1000;
     private const string PortabilityEnumerationExtensionName = "VK_KHR_portability_enumeration";
     private const string PortabilitySubsetExtensionName = "VK_KHR_portability_subset";
     private const int GlfwPlatformHint = 0x00050003;
@@ -303,6 +307,50 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
     private const int GlfwPlatformWayland = 0x00060003;
     private const int GlfwPlatformX11 = 0x00060004;
     private const int GlfwPlatformNull = 0x00060005;
+
+    internal static int ScorePhysicalDevice(
+        PhysicalDeviceProperties properties,
+        string name,
+        string? deviceOverride)
+    {
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(deviceOverride))
+        {
+            return name.Contains(deviceOverride, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? 1000 : -1000;
+        }
+
+        var score = properties.DeviceType switch
+        {
+            PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu => 300,
+            PhysicalDeviceType.VirtualGpu => 100,
+            PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu => 50,
+            PhysicalDeviceType.Cpu => 20,
+            _ => 10,
+        };
+
+        if (properties.VendorID == NvidiaVendorId)
+        {
+            score += 500;
+        }
+
+        score -= ComputeDevicePenalty(properties, OperatingSystem.IsWindows());
+
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    internal static int ComputeDevicePenalty(PhysicalDeviceProperties properties, bool isWindows)
+    {
+        var penalty = 0;
+
+        if (isWindows &&
+            properties.DeviceType == PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu &&
+            properties.VendorID == AmdVendorId)
+        {
+            penalty += LastResortPenalty;
+        }
+
+        return penalty;
+    }
+
     private static bool _splashHidden;
     private static long _enqueuedGuestWorkSequence;
     // Largest contiguous completed sequence, retained for compact diagnostics.
@@ -3518,33 +3566,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
         }
 
-        private static int ScorePhysicalDevice(
-            PhysicalDeviceProperties properties,
-            string name,
-            string? deviceOverride)
-        {
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(deviceOverride))
-            {
-                return name.Contains(deviceOverride, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? 1000 : -1000;
-            }
-
-            var score = properties.DeviceType switch
-            {
-                PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu => 300,
-                PhysicalDeviceType.VirtualGpu => 100,
-                PhysicalDeviceType.Cpu => 50,
-                PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu => -100,
-                _ => 10,
-            };
-
-            if (properties.VendorID == NvidiaVendorId)
-            {
-                score += 500;
-            }
-
-            return score;
-        }
-
         private void LoadComputeDeviceLimits()
         {
             _vk.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(_physicalDevice, out var properties);

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler.Vulkan/Gen5SpirvTranslator.Alu.cs

@@ -948,6 +948,27 @@ public static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
                         vector);
                     break;
                 }
+
+                case "VPkAddF16":
+                case "VPkMulF16":
+                case "VPkMinF16":
+                case "VPkMaxF16":
+                    if (!TryEmitPackedF16(instruction, out result, out error))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "VPkFmaF16":
+                    // Deliberately loud: a fused f16 FMA rounds the product+add once,
+                    // whereas doing the multiply-add in f32 and rounding to f16 at the
+                    // end double-rounds. Concrete miss: fma(0x4100, 0x7522, 0x04EA) is
+                    // 0x7A6B fused but 0x7A6A via f32. Exact emulation (round-to-odd
+                    // f32 product then RNE pack) is a planned follow-up slice.
+                    error =
+                        $"unsupported vop3p opcode {instruction.Opcode} " +
+                        "(fused f16 FMA requires single-rounding; deferred to a later slice)";
+                    return false;
                 default:
                     error = $"unsupported vector opcode {instruction.Opcode}";
                     return false;
@@ -976,6 +997,213 @@ public static partial class Gen5SpirvTranslator
             return true;
         }
 
+        // Packed f16 (VOP3P) arithmetic. Each source register holds two f16 values,
+        // one per result lane. Every f16<->f32 conversion is done with the explicit
+        // integer sequences below (EmitHalfToFloat / EmitFloatToHalf) instead of
+        // GLSL UnpackHalf2x16 / PackHalf2x16, whose subnormal and rounding behaviour
+        // is implementation-defined without float-controls execution modes. The two
+        // lanes are computed independently: each operand half is widened exactly to
+        // f32, op_sel/op_sel_hi pick the source half and neg_lo/neg_hi negate it, the
+        // op runs in f32, and the result is rounded back to f16 with round-to-nearest-
+        // even. For add and mul this is bit-exact to a true f16 op (the f32 result
+        // rounds losslessly to f16 by the double-rounding theorem; a f16 product even
+        // fits in f32 exactly). min/max carry no rounding, so they are exact once the
+        // conversions are. v_pk_fma_f16 is intentionally not routed here because a
+        // fused f16 FMA cannot be reproduced by an f32 multiply-add plus a pack.
+        private bool TryEmitPackedF16(
+            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+            out uint result,
+            out string error)
+        {
+            result = 0;
+            error = string.Empty;
+            if (instruction.Control is not Gen5Vop3pControl control)
+            {
+                error = $"missing vop3p control for {instruction.Opcode}";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (control.Clamp)
+            {
+                error = $"unsupported vop3p modifiers (clamp) for {instruction.Opcode}";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            for (var index = 0; index < 2; index++)
+            {
+                var source = instruction.Sources[index];
+                if (source.Kind is not (Gen5OperandKind.VectorRegister or Gen5OperandKind.ScalarRegister))
+                {
+                    error =
+                        $"unsupported vop3p operand {source} for {instruction.Opcode} (first slice: registers only)";
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            var low = EmitPackedF16Lane(instruction, control, highLane: false);
+            var high = EmitPackedF16Lane(instruction, control, highLane: true);
+            result = BitwiseOr(low, ShiftLeftLogical(high, UInt(16)));
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Computes one result lane (low or high) as a packed 16-bit f16 value.
+        private uint EmitPackedF16Lane(
+            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+            Gen5Vop3pControl control,
+            bool highLane)
+        {
+            var left = EmitPackedF16Operand(instruction, control, 0, highLane);
+            var right = EmitPackedF16Operand(instruction, control, 1, highLane);
+            var value = instruction.Opcode switch
+            {
+                "VPkAddF16" => _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.FAdd, _floatType, left, right),
+                "VPkMulF16" => _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.FMul, _floatType, left, right),
+                "VPkMinF16" => EmitPackedF16MinMax(left, right, isMax: false),
+                "VPkMaxF16" => EmitPackedF16MinMax(left, right, isMax: true),
+                _ => left,
+            };
+            return EmitFloatToHalf(Bitcast(_uintType, value));
+        }
+
+        // Reads source `index`, selects the half feeding this lane (op_sel / op_sel_hi),
+        // widens it exactly to f32 and applies the lane's negate modifier (neg_lo / neg_hi).
+        private uint EmitPackedF16Operand(
+            Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
+            Gen5Vop3pControl control,
+            int index,
+            bool highLane)
+        {
+            var raw = GetRawSource(instruction, index);
+            var selectMask = highLane ? control.OpSelHiMask : control.OpSelMask;
+            var half = ((selectMask >> index) & 1) != 0
+                ? ShiftRightLogical(raw, UInt(16))
+                : raw;
+            var value = Bitcast(_floatType, EmitHalfToFloat(half));
+            var negateMask = highLane ? control.NegHiMask : control.NegLoMask;
+            if (((negateMask >> index) & 1) != 0)
+            {
+                value = _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.FNegate, _floatType, value);
+            }
+
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        // fminnum_like / fmaxnum_like: if one operand is NaN return the other; if both
+        // are NaN return a NaN; otherwise the ordered smaller/larger. The ordering of
+        // -0/+0 is unspecified under these opcodes, so the ordered compare is enough.
+        private uint EmitPackedF16MinMax(uint left, uint right, bool isMax)
+        {
+            var compare = _module.AddInstruction(
+                isMax ? SpirvOp.FOrdGreaterThan : SpirvOp.FOrdLessThan,
+                _boolType,
+                left,
+                right);
+            var numeric = _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.Select, _floatType, compare, left, right);
+            var leftNan = _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.IsNan, _boolType, left);
+            var rightNan = _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.IsNan, _boolType, right);
+            var withRight = _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.Select, _floatType, rightNan, left, numeric);
+            return _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.Select, _floatType, leftNan, right, withRight);
+        }
+
+        // Widens an f16 value held in the low 16 bits of `halfBits` to an f32 bit
+        // pattern, exactly (subnormals normalised, Inf/NaN and signed zero preserved).
+        // Mirrors the branchless HalfToFloat reference validated against System.Half.
+        private uint EmitHalfToFloat(uint halfBits)
+        {
+            var sign = ShiftLeftLogical(BitwiseAnd(halfBits, UInt(0x8000)), UInt(16));
+            var exponent = BitwiseAnd(ShiftRightLogical(halfBits, UInt(10)), UInt(0x1F));
+            var mantissa = BitwiseAnd(halfBits, UInt(0x3FF));
+
+            var normal = BitwiseOr(
+                ShiftLeftLogical(IAdd(exponent, UInt(112)), UInt(23)),
+                ShiftLeftLogical(mantissa, UInt(13)));
+            var infinityNan = BitwiseOr(UInt(0x7F80_0000), ShiftLeftLogical(mantissa, UInt(13)));
+
+            // Subnormal: normalise the mantissa. FindUMsb of (mantissa | 1) keeps the
+            // op defined when mantissa is 0; that lane is discarded by the select below.
+            var highBit = Ext(75, _uintType, BitwiseOr(mantissa, UInt(1)));
+            var shift = ISubU(UInt(23), highBit);
+            var subFraction = BitwiseAnd(ShiftLeftLogical(mantissa, shift), UInt(0x7F_FFFF));
+            var subnormal = SelectU(
+                IsNotZero(mantissa),
+                BitwiseOr(ShiftLeftLogical(IAdd(highBit, UInt(103)), UInt(23)), subFraction),
+                UInt(0));
+
+            var magnitude = SelectU(
+                Equal(exponent, 0),
+                subnormal,
+                SelectU(Equal(exponent, 31), infinityNan, normal));
+            return BitwiseOr(sign, magnitude);
+        }
+
+        // Narrows an f32 bit pattern to an f16 value in the low 16 bits, rounding to
+        // nearest even (subnormals, overflow-to-Inf and NaN/Inf handled). Mirrors the
+        // branchless FloatToHalf reference validated exhaustively against System.Half.
+        private uint EmitFloatToHalf(uint bits)
+        {
+            var sign = BitwiseAnd(ShiftRightLogical(bits, UInt(16)), UInt(0x8000));
+            var absolute = BitwiseAnd(bits, UInt(0x7FFF_FFFF));
+
+            var isInfinityNan = UCmp(SpirvOp.UGreaterThanEqual, absolute, UInt(0x7F80_0000));
+            var isNan = UCmp(SpirvOp.UGreaterThan, absolute, UInt(0x7F80_0000));
+            var infinityNan = BitwiseOr(
+                BitwiseOr(sign, UInt(0x7C00)),
+                SelectU(isNan, UInt(0x200), UInt(0)));
+
+            var exponent = ShiftRightLogical(absolute, UInt(23));
+            var mantissa = BitwiseAnd(absolute, UInt(0x7F_FFFF));
+            var significand = BitwiseOr(mantissa, UInt(0x80_0000));
+
+            // Normal path: round the 24-bit significand down to 11 bits (>> 13) with
+            // round-to-nearest-even; the carry folds naturally into the exponent.
+            var roundBit = BitwiseAnd(ShiftRightLogical(significand, UInt(13)), UInt(1));
+            var rounded = ShiftRightLogical(IAdd(IAdd(significand, UInt(0xFFF)), roundBit), UInt(13));
+            var halfExponent = ISubU(exponent, UInt(112));
+            var normalBits = IAdd(ShiftLeftLogical(halfExponent, UInt(10)), ISubU(rounded, UInt(0x400)));
+            var normal = SelectU(
+                UCmp(SpirvOp.UGreaterThanEqual, exponent, UInt(113)),
+                SelectU(UCmp(SpirvOp.UGreaterThanEqual, normalBits, UInt(0x7C00)), UInt(0x7C00), normalBits),
+                UInt(0));
+
+            // Subnormal path: value = round(significand >> (126 - exponent)) with RNE.
+            // The shift is clamped to 25 so it stays defined; on this path it is >= 14.
+            var distance = ISubU(UInt(126), exponent);
+            var shift = SelectU(UCmp(SpirvOp.UGreaterThan, distance, UInt(25)), UInt(25), distance);
+            var shiftMask = ISubU(ShiftLeftLogical(UInt(1), shift), UInt(1));
+            var halfWay = ShiftLeftLogical(UInt(1), ISubU(shift, UInt(1)));
+            var lowBits = BitwiseAnd(significand, shiftMask);
+            var quotient = ShiftRightLogical(significand, shift);
+            var roundUp = _module.AddInstruction(
+                SpirvOp.LogicalOr,
+                _boolType,
+                UCmp(SpirvOp.UGreaterThan, lowBits, halfWay),
+                _module.AddInstruction(
+                    SpirvOp.LogicalAnd,
+                    _boolType,
+                    Equal(lowBits, halfWay),
+                    IsNotZero(BitwiseAnd(quotient, UInt(1)))));
+            var subnormal = IAdd(quotient, SelectU(roundUp, UInt(1), UInt(0)));
+
+            var isSubnormal = UCmp(SpirvOp.ULessThanEqual, exponent, UInt(112));
+            var finite = SelectU(isSubnormal, subnormal, normal);
+            return SelectU(isInfinityNan, infinityNan, BitwiseOr(sign, finite));
+        }
+
+        private uint SelectU(uint condition, uint whenTrue, uint whenFalse) =>
+            _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.Select, _uintType, condition, whenTrue, whenFalse);
+
+        private uint UCmp(SpirvOp operation, uint left, uint right) =>
+            _module.AddInstruction(operation, _boolType, left, right);
+
+        private uint Equal(uint value, uint constant) =>
+            _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.IEqual, _boolType, value, UInt(constant));
+
+        private uint ISubU(uint left, uint right) =>
+            _module.AddInstruction(SpirvOp.ISub, _uintType, left, right);
+
         private bool TryEmitVectorCompare(
             Gen5ShaderInstruction instruction,
             out string error)

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/Gen5ShaderIr.cs

@@ -237,6 +237,17 @@ public sealed record Gen5SdwaControl(
     bool Clamp,
     uint? ScalarDestination) : Gen5InstructionControl;
 
+// Packed (VOP3P) source and destination modifiers. Each mask holds one bit per
+// source operand. OpSel/OpSelHi pick which 16-bit half of a source feeds the low
+// and high result lanes respectively; NegLo/NegHi negate the value routed to each
+// lane. Clamp saturates each output half to [0, 1].
+public sealed record Gen5Vop3pControl(
+    uint OpSelMask,
+    uint OpSelHiMask,
+    uint NegLoMask,
+    uint NegHiMask,
+    bool Clamp) : Gen5InstructionControl;
+
 public sealed record Gen5DppControl(
     uint Control,
     bool FetchInactive,

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/Gen5ShaderTranslator.cs

@@ -562,6 +562,22 @@ public static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
             return DecodeSop(word, out name, out sizeDwords, out error);
         }
 
+        // gfx10 moved VOP3P (packed 16-bit math) to its own 0b110011000 prefix
+        // (word0 top byte 0xCC), separate from the VOP3 block. Match the full
+        // 9-bit prefix here, before the coarse major-opcode switch, so packed
+        // instructions are not misread as one of the neighbouring encodings.
+        if ((word & 0xFF800000u) == 0xCC000000u)
+        {
+            encoding = Gen5ShaderEncoding.Vop3p;
+            if (!ctx.TryReadUInt32(baseAddress + pc + sizeof(uint), out var vop3pExtra))
+            {
+                error = $"vop3p-extra-read-failed pc=0x{pc:X}";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return DecodeVop3p(word, vop3pExtra, out name, out sizeDwords, out error);
+        }
+
         switch (word >> 26)
         {
             case 0x33:
@@ -1160,6 +1176,37 @@ public static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
         return true;
     }
 
+    private static bool DecodeVop3p(
+        uint word,
+        uint extra,
+        out string name,
+        out uint sizeDwords,
+        out string error)
+    {
+        var opcode = (word >> 16) & 0x7F;
+        var src0 = extra & 0x1FF;
+        var src1 = (extra >> 9) & 0x1FF;
+        var src2 = (extra >> 18) & 0x1FF;
+        sizeDwords = src0 == 0xFF || src1 == 0xFF || src2 == 0xFF ? 3u : 2u;
+        error = string.Empty;
+
+        // Opcode numbers taken from LLVM's AMDGPU VOP3PInstructions.td and the
+        // gfx9/gfx10 MC test encodings; they are unchanged across gfx9 and gfx10.
+        // Unhandled packed opcodes (integer, fma_mix, ...) stay opaque here and
+        // fail loudly at emission rather than being silently mis-emitted.
+        name = opcode switch
+        {
+            0x0E => "VPkFmaF16",
+            0x0F => "VPkAddF16",
+            0x10 => "VPkMulF16",
+            0x11 => "VPkMinF16",
+            0x12 => "VPkMaxF16",
+            _ => $"Vop3pRaw{opcode:X2}",
+        };
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
     private static bool DecodeDs(
         uint word,
         out string name,
@@ -1839,6 +1886,28 @@ public static class Gen5ShaderTranslator
                     isVop3B ? (word >> 8) & 0x7F : null);
                 break;
             }
+            case Gen5ShaderEncoding.Vop3p:
+            {
+                var extra = words[1];
+                sources =
+                [
+                    Gen5Operand.Source(extra & 0x1FF, literal),
+                    Gen5Operand.Source((extra >> 9) & 0x1FF, literal),
+                    Gen5Operand.Source((extra >> 18) & 0x1FF, literal),
+                ];
+                destinations = [Gen5Operand.Vector(word & 0xFF)];
+
+                // op_sel_hi is split across both dwords: bits [1:0] live in word1
+                // [28:27], bit [2] in word0 [14].
+                var opSelHi = ((extra >> 27) & 0x3) | (((word >> 14) & 0x1) << 2);
+                control = new Gen5Vop3pControl(
+                    (word >> 11) & 0x7,
+                    opSelHi,
+                    (extra >> 29) & 0x7,
+                    (word >> 8) & 0x7,
+                    ((word >> 15) & 1) != 0);
+                break;
+            }
             case Gen5ShaderEncoding.Ds:
             {
                 var extra = words[1];

tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/Agc/Gen5ShaderDecoderBoundaryTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.Agc;
+
+public sealed class Gen5ShaderDecoderBoundaryTests
+{
+    private const ulong ShaderAddress = 0x1_0000_0000;
+    private const uint Export = 0xF8000000;
+    private const uint Nop = 0xBF800000;
+    private const int MaximumInstructionCount = 4096;
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void MissingAddress_IsRejectedWithoutReadingGuestMemory()
+    {
+        var memory = new RecordingCpuMemory(ShaderAddress, []);
+
+        var decoded = Decode(memory, 0, out var program, out var error);
+
+        Assert.False(decoded);
+        Assert.Empty(program.Instructions);
+        Assert.Equal("missing", error);
+        Assert.Empty(memory.Reads);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void UnreadableFirstWord_IsRejectedAtProgramStart()
+    {
+        var memory = new RecordingCpuMemory(ShaderAddress, []);
+
+        var decoded = Decode(memory, ShaderAddress, out var program, out var error);
+
+        Assert.False(decoded);
+        Assert.Empty(program.Instructions);
+        Assert.Equal("read-failed pc=0x0", error);
+        Assert.Collection(
+            memory.Reads,
+            read => Assert.Equal(new MemoryRead(ShaderAddress, sizeof(uint), false), read));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TruncatedTwoDwordInstruction_IsRejectedAtMissingWord()
+    {
+        var memory = RecordingCpuMemory.FromWords(ShaderAddress, Export);
+
+        var decoded = Decode(memory, ShaderAddress, out var program, out var error);
+
+        Assert.False(decoded);
+        Assert.Empty(program.Instructions);
+        Assert.Equal("read-failed pc=0x4", error);
+        Assert.Collection(
+            memory.Reads,
+            read => Assert.Equal(new MemoryRead(ShaderAddress, sizeof(uint), true), read),
+            read => Assert.Equal(
+                new MemoryRead(ShaderAddress + sizeof(uint), sizeof(uint), false),
+                read));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void UnknownTopLevelEncoding_IsRejectedWithoutSpeculativeReads()
+    {
+        const uint unknownTopLevel = 0xE4000000;
+        var memory = RecordingCpuMemory.FromWords(ShaderAddress, unknownTopLevel);
+
+        var decoded = Decode(memory, ShaderAddress, out var program, out var error);
+
+        Assert.False(decoded);
+        Assert.Empty(program.Instructions);
+        Assert.Equal("unknown-top pc=0x0 word=0xE4000000", error);
+        Assert.Collection(
+            memory.Reads,
+            read => Assert.Equal(new MemoryRead(ShaderAddress, sizeof(uint), true), read));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void MaximumInstructionCountWithoutEndPgm_IsRejectedAsUnterminated()
+    {
+        var words = new uint[MaximumInstructionCount];
+        Array.Fill(words, Nop);
+        var memory = RecordingCpuMemory.FromWords(ShaderAddress, words);
+
+        var decoded = Decode(memory, ShaderAddress, out var program, out var error);
+
+        Assert.False(decoded);
+        Assert.Empty(program.Instructions);
+        Assert.Equal("unterminated", error);
+        Assert.Equal(MaximumInstructionCount, memory.Reads.Count);
+        Assert.All(memory.Reads, read => Assert.True(read.Succeeded));
+        Assert.Equal(
+            new MemoryRead(
+                ShaderAddress + ((MaximumInstructionCount - 1) * sizeof(uint)),
+                sizeof(uint),
+                true),
+            memory.Reads[^1]);
+    }
+
+    private static bool Decode(
+        RecordingCpuMemory memory,
+        ulong address,
+        out Gen5ShaderProgram program,
+        out string error) =>
+        Gen5ShaderTranslator.TryDecodeProgram(
+            new CpuContext(memory, Generation.Gen5),
+            address,
+            out program,
+            out error);
+
+    private readonly record struct MemoryRead(ulong Address, int Length, bool Succeeded);
+
+    private sealed class RecordingCpuMemory(ulong baseAddress, byte[] storage) : ICpuMemory
+    {
+        public List<MemoryRead> Reads { get; } = [];
+
+        public static RecordingCpuMemory FromWords(ulong baseAddress, params uint[] words)
+        {
+            var storage = new byte[words.Length * sizeof(uint)];
+            for (var index = 0; index < words.Length; index++)
+            {
+                BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(
+                    storage.AsSpan(index * sizeof(uint), sizeof(uint)),
+                    words[index]);
+            }
+
+            return new RecordingCpuMemory(baseAddress, storage);
+        }
+
+        public bool TryRead(ulong virtualAddress, Span<byte> destination)
+        {
+            var succeeded = TryResolve(virtualAddress, destination.Length, out var offset);
+            Reads.Add(new MemoryRead(virtualAddress, destination.Length, succeeded));
+            if (succeeded)
+            {
+                storage.AsSpan(offset, destination.Length).CopyTo(destination);
+            }
+
+            return succeeded;
+        }
+
+        public bool TryWrite(ulong virtualAddress, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source) => false;
+
+        private bool TryResolve(ulong virtualAddress, int length, out int offset)
+        {
+            offset = 0;
+            if (virtualAddress < baseAddress)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var relative = virtualAddress - baseAddress;
+            if (relative > (ulong)storage.Length ||
+                (ulong)length > (ulong)storage.Length - relative)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            offset = (int)relative;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/Loader/SelfLoaderTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Loader;
+using SharpEmu.Core.Memory;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.Loader;
+
+public sealed class SelfLoaderTests
+{
+    private const uint Ps4SelfMagic = 0x4F153D1D;
+    private const uint Ps5SelfMagic = 0x5414F5EE;
+    private const int SelfHeaderSize = 0x20;
+    private const int ElfHeaderSize = 0x40;
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(Ps4SelfMagic, (byte)0x00, 0x0000_0101u, (ushort)0x22)]
+    [InlineData(Ps5SelfMagic, (byte)0x00, 0x0000_0101u, (ushort)0x22)]
+    [InlineData(Ps5SelfMagic, (byte)0x10, 0x1000_0101u, (ushort)0x32)]
+    public void Load_AcceptsSupportedSelfHeaderVariants(
+        uint magic,
+        byte version,
+        uint keyType,
+        ushort flags)
+    {
+        var imageData = CreateSelfImage(magic, version, keyType, flags);
+
+        var image = new SelfLoader().Load(imageData, new VirtualMemory());
+
+        Assert.True(image.IsSelf);
+        Assert.Equal(2, image.ElfHeader.AbiVersion);
+        Assert.Empty(image.ProgramHeaders);
+        Assert.Empty(image.MappedRegions);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(0x05, (byte)0x00)]
+    [InlineData(0x06, (byte)0x02)]
+    [InlineData(0x07, (byte)0x00)]
+    public void Load_RejectsUnsupportedStructuralSelfHeaderValues(int offset, byte value)
+    {
+        var imageData = CreateSelfImage(Ps5SelfMagic, 0x10, 0x1000_0101, 0x32);
+        imageData[offset] = value;
+
+        Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() =>
+            new SelfLoader().Load(imageData, new VirtualMemory()));
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] CreateSelfImage(uint magic, byte version, uint keyType, ushort flags)
+    {
+        var imageData = new byte[SelfHeaderSize + ElfHeaderSize];
+        var selfHeader = imageData.AsSpan(0, SelfHeaderSize);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32BigEndian(selfHeader, magic);
+        selfHeader[0x04] = version;
+        selfHeader[0x05] = 0x01;
+        selfHeader[0x06] = 0x01;
+        selfHeader[0x07] = 0x12;
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(selfHeader[0x08..], keyType);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(selfHeader[0x0C..], SelfHeaderSize);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(selfHeader[0x10..], (ulong)imageData.Length);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(selfHeader[0x18..], 0);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(selfHeader[0x1A..], flags);
+
+        WriteMinimalElfHeader(imageData.AsSpan(SelfHeaderSize, ElfHeaderSize));
+        return imageData;
+    }
+
+    private static void WriteMinimalElfHeader(Span<byte> header)
+    {
+        header.Clear();
+        header[0x00] = 0x7F;
+        header[0x01] = (byte)'E';
+        header[0x02] = (byte)'L';
+        header[0x03] = (byte)'F';
+        header[0x04] = 2;
+        header[0x05] = 1;
+        header[0x06] = 1;
+        header[0x07] = 9;
+        header[0x08] = 2;
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(header[0x10..], 3);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(header[0x12..], 62);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(header[0x14..], 1);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt64LittleEndian(header[0x20..], ElfHeaderSize);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(header[0x34..], ElfHeaderSize);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt16LittleEndian(header[0x36..], 0x38);
+    }
+}

tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/VideoOut/VulkanPhysicalDeviceScoringTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.VideoOut;
+
+public sealed class VulkanPhysicalDeviceScoringTests
+{
+    private const uint NvidiaVendorId = 0x10DE;
+    private const uint AmdVendorId = 0x1002;
+    private const uint IntelVendorId = 0x8086;
+    private const uint QualcommVendorId = 0x5143;
+
+    private static PhysicalDeviceProperties Device(PhysicalDeviceType type, uint vendorId = 0)
+        => new() { DeviceType = type, VendorID = vendorId };
+
+    private static int Score(PhysicalDeviceType type, uint vendorId = 0)
+        => VulkanVideoPresenter.ScorePhysicalDevice(Device(type, vendorId), name: string.Empty, deviceOverride: null);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void RealIntegratedGpuOutranksSoftwareRasterizer()
+    {
+        Assert.True(Score(PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu) > Score(PhysicalDeviceType.Cpu));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(IntelVendorId)]
+    [InlineData(QualcommVendorId)]
+    [InlineData(0u)]
+    public void NonAmdIntegratedGpuBeatsSoftware(uint vendorId)
+    {
+        Assert.True(Score(PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu, vendorId) > Score(PhysicalDeviceType.Cpu));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void DiscreteGpuOutranksIntegratedGpu()
+    {
+        Assert.True(Score(PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu) > Score(PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NvidiaDiscreteGpuScoresHighest()
+    {
+        var nvidia = Score(PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu, NvidiaVendorId);
+        Assert.True(nvidia > Score(PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu));
+        Assert.True(nvidia > Score(PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void DeviceOverridePinsMatchingAdapterAndExcludesOthers()
+    {
+        var properties = Device(PhysicalDeviceType.Cpu);
+        Assert.Equal(1000, VulkanVideoPresenter.ScorePhysicalDevice(properties, "Radeon Graphics", "radeon"));
+        Assert.Equal(-1000, VulkanVideoPresenter.ScorePhysicalDevice(properties, "Radeon Graphics", "nvidia"));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void AmdIntegratedGpuIsLastResortOnWindows()
+    {
+        var penalty = VulkanVideoPresenter.ComputeDevicePenalty(
+            Device(PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu, AmdVendorId), isWindows: true);
+        Assert.True(penalty > 0);
+        Assert.True(50 - penalty < 10);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void AmdApuIsNotPenalizedOffWindows()
+    {
+        var penalty = VulkanVideoPresenter.ComputeDevicePenalty(
+            Device(PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu, AmdVendorId), isWindows: false);
+        Assert.Equal(0, penalty);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(true)]
+    [InlineData(false)]
+    public void AmdDiscreteGpuIsNeverPenalized(bool isWindows)
+    {
+        Assert.Equal(0, VulkanVideoPresenter.ComputeDevicePenalty(
+            Device(PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu, AmdVendorId), isWindows));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(IntelVendorId)]
+    [InlineData(QualcommVendorId)]
+    public void NonAmdIntegratedGpuIsNeverPenalized(uint vendorId)
+    {
+        Assert.Equal(0, VulkanVideoPresenter.ComputeDevicePenalty(
+            Device(PhysicalDeviceType.IntegratedGpu, vendorId), isWindows: true));
+    }
+}