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Prevent invalid SaveData writes from damaging guest memory (#444)
Add an optional write monitor so the team can find future memory damage on each supported desktop system.
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<!--
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Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
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-->
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# Guest write watch
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`GuestWriteWatch` is an optional diagnostic tool. It helps you find managed
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code and HLE code that damage guest memory. The tool starts only if you set one
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or more `SHARPEMU_WATCH_*` environment variables.
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The tool monitors writes through the SharpEmu managed virtual-memory APIs. It
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does not monitor stores that native guest code makes directly. Use a platform
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debugger or a hardware watchpoint to monitor these stores.
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## Watch modes
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- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_WRITE=0x<address>` logs a write that overlaps the eight-byte
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block at the specified guest address.
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- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_POOL_HEADER=1` monitors the pointer at offset `0x40`. It
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monitors the first 64 direct mappings that have a size of 64 KiB and
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protection value `0xF2`.
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- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_VALUE_PATTERN=1` logs an eight-byte write if its lower 32 bits
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are `1`. The upper 32 bits must look like a small guest-pointer prefix.
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- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_VALUE1=1` logs short writes of value `1` in the high guest
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memory range. The tool logs a maximum of 128 entries for each process.
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- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_TORN=1` scans aligned 64-bit words in bulk writes. It
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finds damaged pointer patterns and byte-shifted pointer patterns. The tool
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logs a maximum of 64 entries for each process.
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- `SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_DEST_HI=0x<high-dword>` scans only writes that have the
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specified upper 32 bits in the destination address.
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For each match, the tool logs the destination address, the data pattern, and the
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managed call stack. The log uses the `watch_write` or `watch_bulk_torn` warning
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tag.
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Use these variables together to scan bulk writes in the
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`0x00000080xxxxxxxx` region.
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macOS and Linux:
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```sh
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SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_TORN=1 \
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SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_DEST_HI=0x80 \
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SharpEmu /path/to/eboot.bin
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```
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Windows PowerShell:
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```powershell
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$env:SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_TORN = "1"
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$env:SHARPEMU_WATCH_BULK_DEST_HI = "0x80"
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& .\SharpEmu.exe C:\path\to\game\eboot.bin
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```
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To reduce unnecessary log entries, use an exact `SHARPEMU_WATCH_WRITE`
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address from a crash dump.
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