Gpu runtime stalls (#410)

* [runtime] restore default GC mode

* [cpu] add string leaf stubs

* [ampr] allow concurrent reads

* [bink] keep guest decode path

* [kernel] streamline host memory access

* [shader] add scalar memory fallback

* [gpu] bound guest data pool

* [gpu] reduce queue stalls

* [video] stabilize guest resources

* revert lock file

docs/bink2-bridge.md

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ available, presents its decoded BGRA frames at the normal guest-flip boundary.
 This preserves the game's own timing and lets the host Vulkan presenter display
 the movie without trying to execute the PS5-specific Bink GPU decode path.
 
-Without an adapter, Bink movies are skipped by default: their open call returns
+Without an adapter, Bink files remain visible to the guest and the game's
-not-found so games that mark cinematics as optional progress to their next
+statically linked decoder runs normally. Set SHARPEMU_BINK_MODE=skip only when
-state instead of waiting on an empty Bink GPU texture.
+explicitly testing a title whose cinematics are optional.
 
 Set SHARPEMU_BINK_MODE=dummy to retain the open and show a built-in,
 non-decoded placeholder frame. This requires no SDK, but is a visual diagnostic

src/SharpEmu.CLI/Program.cs

@@ -45,11 +45,6 @@ internal static partial class Program
     [STAThread]
     private static int Main(string[] args)
     {
-        // Avoid blocking full collections while guest and render threads are
-        // running, and establish the GC mode before the runtime reserves the
-        // fixed guest address-space window.
-        System.Runtime.GCSettings.LatencyMode = System.Runtime.GCLatencyMode.SustainedLowLatency;
-
         try
         {
             return Run(args);

src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
     "net10.0": {
       "Microsoft.NET.ILLink.Tasks": {
         "type": "Direct",
-        "requested": "[10.0.8, )",
+        "requested": "[10.0.3, )",
-        "resolved": "10.0.8",
+        "resolved": "10.0.3",
-        "contentHash": "dVbSXGIFNR5nZcv2tOLoWI+a9T4jtFd77IYjuND+QVe360qWgAF7H0WtoopYhRw/+SgpGUTyrkrh+65+ClNnfw=="
+        "contentHash": "0B6nZyCHWXnvmlB559oduOspVdNOnpNXPjhpWVMovLPAsDVG7A4jJR9rzECf67JUzxP8/ee/wA8clwIzJcWNFA=="
       },
       "Avalonia.Angle.Windows.Natives": {
         "type": "Transitive",

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.Imports.cs

@@ -1410,6 +1410,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"eE4Szl8sil8" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBuffer
 			"qvMUCyyaCSI" or // sceKernelAprSubmitCommandBufferAndGetId
 			"Q2V+iqvjgC0" or // vsnprintf
+			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" or // strcasecmp
+			"viiwFMaNamA" or // strstr
 			"q1cHNfGycLI" or // scePadRead
 			"xk0AcarP3V4" or // scePadOpen
 			"yH17Q6NWtVg" or // sceUserServiceGetEvent
@@ -1571,6 +1573,8 @@ public sealed partial class DirectExecutionBackend
 			"WkkeywLJcgU" or // wcslen
 			"Ovb2dSJOAuE" or // strcmp
 			"aesyjrHVWy4" or // strncmp
+			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" or // strcasecmp
+			"viiwFMaNamA" or // strstr
 			"pNtJdE3x49E" or // wcscmp
 			"fV2xHER+bKE" or // wcscoll
 			"E8wCoUEbfzk" or // wcsncmp

src/SharpEmu.Core/Cpu/Native/DirectExecutionBackend.cs

@@ -1408,6 +1408,54 @@ public sealed unsafe partial class DirectExecutionBackend : INativeCpuBackend, I
 				0x75, 0xE7,
 				0xC3,
 			],
+			"AV6ipCNa4Rw" =>
+			[
+				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x07,
+				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x16,
+				0x8D, 0x48, 0xBF,
+				0x83, 0xF9, 0x19,
+				0x77, 0x03,
+				0x83, 0xC0, 0x20,
+				0x8D, 0x4A, 0xBF,
+				0x83, 0xF9, 0x19,
+				0x77, 0x03,
+				0x83, 0xC2, 0x20,
+				0x29, 0xD0,
+				0x75, 0x0C,
+				0x85, 0xD2,
+				0x74, 0x08,
+				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC7,
+				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC6,
+				0xEB, 0xD4,
+				0xC3,
+			],
+			"viiwFMaNamA" =>
+			[
+				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x16,
+				0x84, 0xD2,
+				0x74, 0x2D,
+				0x0F, 0xB6, 0x07,
+				0x84, 0xC0,
+				0x74, 0x2A,
+				0x38, 0xD0,
+				0x75, 0x1D,
+				0x4C, 0x8D, 0x47, 0x01,
+				0x4C, 0x8D, 0x4E, 0x01,
+				0x41, 0x0F, 0xB6, 0x09,
+				0x84, 0xC9,
+				0x74, 0x12,
+				0x41, 0x38, 0x08,
+				0x75, 0x08,
+				0x49, 0xFF, 0xC0,
+				0x49, 0xFF, 0xC1,
+				0xEB, 0xEB,
+				0x48, 0xFF, 0xC7,
+				0xEB, 0xD3,
+				0x48, 0x89, 0xF8,
+				0xC3,
+				0x31, 0xC0,
+				0xC3,
+			],
 			"pNtJdE3x49E" or "fV2xHER+bKE" =>
 			[
 				0x0F, 0xB7, 0x07,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/AgcExports.cs

@@ -568,6 +568,8 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
         public ulong WorkSequence { get; set; }
         public ulong SubmissionSequence { get; set; }
         public bool WaitMonitorRunning { get; set; }
+        public object WaitMonitorSignalGate { get; } = new();
+        public long WaitMonitorSignalVersion { get; set; }
     }
 
     private readonly record struct RegisteredAgcResource(
@@ -3313,24 +3315,11 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                         length,
                         op,
                         out var dispatch,
-                        out var indirectDimsRetryAddress))
+                        out _))
                 {
                     state.FrameDispatchCount++;
                     ObserveComputeDispatch(ctx, gpuState, state, dispatch);
                 }
-                else if (indirectDimsRetryAddress != 0 &&
-                         HandleSubmittedIndirectDimsWait(
-                             ctx,
-                             state,
-                             commandAddress,
-                             currentAddress,
-                             offset,
-                             dwordCount,
-                             indirectDimsRetryAddress,
-                             tracePackets))
-                {
-                    return true; // suspend until the producer computes the dims
-                }
             }
 
             if (op == ItNop &&
@@ -3668,27 +3657,11 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
         void CompleteAndWake()
         {
             CompleteLabelProducer(producer);
-            if (GpuWaitRegistry.Count == 0)
+            lock (gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalGate)
             {
-                return;
+                gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalVersion++;
+                Monitor.Pulse(gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalGate);
             }
-
-            // Resuming a DCB can enqueue another compute dispatch and wait for
-            // it. Never do that reentrantly on the Vulkan render thread.
-            ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem(
-                static state =>
-                {
-                    var (resumeContext, resumeGpuState) = state;
-                    lock (resumeGpuState.Gate)
-                    {
-                        DrainResumableDcbs(
-                            resumeContext,
-                            resumeGpuState,
-                            tracePackets: _traceAgc);
-                    }
-                },
-                (ctx, gpuState),
-                preferLocal: false);
         }
 
         void ApplyAndQueueCompletion()
@@ -4867,38 +4840,45 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
         SubmittedGpuState gpuState)
     {
         var delayMilliseconds = 1;
+        long observedSignal;
+        lock (gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalGate)
+        {
+            observedSignal = gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalVersion;
+        }
+
         while (true)
         {
-            var madeProgress = false;
+            int resumed;
+            int remaining;
             lock (gpuState.Gate)
             {
-                var before = GpuWaitRegistry.CountForMemory(ctx.Memory);
+                resumed = DrainResumableDcbs(ctx, gpuState, tracePackets: _traceAgc);
-                if (before == 0)
+                remaining = GpuWaitRegistry.CountForMemory(ctx.Memory);
-                {
+                if (_traceAgc && resumed != 0)
-                    gpuState.WaitMonitorRunning = false;
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                DrainResumableDcbs(ctx, gpuState, tracePackets: _traceAgc);
-                var after = GpuWaitRegistry.CountForMemory(ctx.Memory);
-                madeProgress = after < before;
-                if (madeProgress)
                 {
                     Console.Error.WriteLine(
-                        $"[LOADER][TRACE] agc.wait_monitor_resumed count={before - after} " +
+                        $"[LOADER][TRACE] agc.wait_monitor_resumed count={resumed} " +
-                        $"remaining={after}");
+                        $"remaining={remaining}");
                 }
-                if (after == 0)
+                if (remaining == 0)
                 {
                     gpuState.WaitMonitorRunning = false;
                     return;
                 }
             }
 
-            delayMilliseconds = madeProgress
+            delayMilliseconds = resumed != 0
                 ? 1
                 : Math.Min(delayMilliseconds * 2, 16);
-            Thread.Sleep(delayMilliseconds);
+            lock (gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalGate)
+            {
+                if (gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalVersion == observedSignal)
+                {
+                    Monitor.Wait(gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalGate, delayMilliseconds);
+                }
+
+                observedSignal = gpuState.WaitMonitorSignalVersion;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -4952,16 +4932,17 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
     // guest memory (labels are advanced by ReleaseMem/WriteData/DmaData packets
     // or direct CPU writes) and resumes the ones now satisfied. A resumed DCB
     // can itself write labels that unblock others, so loop to a fixed point.
-    private static void DrainResumableDcbs(
+    private static int DrainResumableDcbs(
         CpuContext ctx,
         SubmittedGpuState gpuState,
         bool tracePackets)
     {
         if (!_gpuWaitSuspendEnabled)
         {
-            return;
+            return 0;
         }
 
+        var resumedCount = 0;
         for (var pass = 0; pass < 256; pass++)
         {
             var woken = GpuWaitRegistry.CollectSatisfied(ctx.Memory, (address, is64Bit) =>
@@ -5039,7 +5020,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                     }
                 }
 
-                return;
+                return resumedCount;
             }
 
             if (woken is not null)
@@ -5047,9 +5028,12 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                 foreach (var waiter in woken)
                 {
                     ResumeSuspendedDcb(ctx, gpuState, waiter, tracePackets);
+                    resumedCount++;
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        return resumedCount;
     }
 
     private static void ResumeSuspendedDcb(
@@ -8894,7 +8878,7 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                     out _);
                 var globalMemoryBuffers =
                     CreateTranslatedComputeGlobalBuffers(evaluation);
-                var workSequence = GuestGpu.Current.SubmitComputeDispatch(
+                GuestGpu.Current.SubmitComputeDispatch(
                     shaderAddress,
                     computeShader,
                     textures,
@@ -8913,12 +8897,9 @@ public static partial class AgcExports
                     dispatch.ThreadCountX,
                     dispatch.ThreadCountY,
                     dispatch.ThreadCountZ);
+                // Vulkan queue order keeps dependent dispatches coherent. CPU visibility is
+                // published by explicit PM4 release/write actions instead of per dispatch.
                 gpuDispatch = true;
-                if (writesGlobalMemory &&
-                    !GuestGpu.Current.WaitForGuestWork(workSequence))
-                {
-                    computeError = $"global-write-sync-timeout sequence={workSequence}";
-                }
             }
         }
 

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Agc/AgcShaderCompilerHooks.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ internal static class AgcShaderCompilerHooks
     internal static void Install()
     {
         Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.FallbackMemoryReader =
-            KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryReadTrackedLibcHeap;
+            KernelMemoryCompatExports.TryReadShaderGuestMemory;
         Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.GlobalMemoryPool =
             GuestDataPool.Shared;
     }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Ampr/AmprExports.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using SharpEmu.Libs.Kernel;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Ampr;
 
@@ -43,17 +44,17 @@ public static class AmprExports
     {
         public CachedHostFile(string path)
         {
-            Stream = new FileStream(
+            Handle = File.OpenHandle(
                 path,
                 FileMode.Open,
                 FileAccess.Read,
                 FileShare.ReadWrite | FileShare.Delete,
-                bufferSize: 1024 * 1024,
                 FileOptions.RandomAccess);
+            Length = RandomAccess.GetLength(Handle);
         }
 
-        public object Gate { get; } = new();
+        public SafeFileHandle Handle { get; }
-        public FileStream Stream { get; }
+        public long Length { get; }
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(
@@ -735,13 +736,7 @@ public static class AmprExports
                 return openResult;
             }
 
-            long fileLength;
+            if (fileOffset >= (ulong)cachedFile.Length)
-            lock (cachedFile.Gate)
-            {
-                fileLength = cachedFile.Stream.Length;
-            }
-
-            if (fileOffset >= (ulong)fileLength)
             {
                 return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
             }
@@ -760,12 +755,10 @@ public static class AmprExports
                 }
 
                 var request = (int)Math.Min((ulong)buffer.Length, size - bytesRead);
-                int read;
+                var read = RandomAccess.Read(
-                lock (cachedFile.Gate)
+                    cachedFile.Handle,
-                {
+                    buffer.AsSpan(0, request),
-                    cachedFile.Stream.Position = unchecked((long)absoluteOffset);
+                    unchecked((long)absoluteOffset));
-                    read = cachedFile.Stream.Read(buffer, 0, request);
-                }
 
                 if (read <= 0)
                 {

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Bink/Bink2MovieBridge.cs

@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
     private static bool _availabilityReported;
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Returns true when the guest should receive a normal "file not found"
+    /// Returns true only when movie skipping was explicitly requested. Without
-    /// result for a Bink movie. This is the safe default without a decoder:
+    /// a host adapter the guest must be allowed to run the Bink implementation
-    /// games that treat movies as optional fall through to their next state
+    /// statically linked into its executable.
-    /// rather than submitting an empty Bink GPU texture forever.
     /// </summary>
     internal static bool ShouldSkipGuestMovie(string hostPath) =>
         hostPath.EndsWith(".bk2", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
@@ -53,12 +52,18 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (ResolveMode() == MovieMode.Dummy)
+            var mode = ResolveMode();
+            if (mode == MovieMode.Dummy)
             {
                 AttachDummyMovieLocked(hostPath);
                 return;
             }
 
+            if (mode != MovieMode.Native)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
             var adapter = GetAdapterLocked();
             if (adapter is null)
             {
@@ -165,16 +170,15 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
             return MovieMode.Skip;
         }
 
-        // With no SDK adapter present, returning "not found" makes optional
+        // Prefer the optional host adapter when one is supplied. Otherwise let
-        // cinematics advance. Supplying either an explicit path or the normal
+        // the game's statically linked Bink implementation consume the file.
-        // side-by-side adapter enables native playback automatically.
         if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_BINK2_BRIDGE")) ||
             EnumerateAdapterCandidates().Any(File.Exists))
         {
             return MovieMode.Native;
         }
 
-        return MovieMode.Skip;
+        return MovieMode.Guest;
     }
 
     private static void AttachDummyMovieLocked(string hostPath)
@@ -335,6 +339,7 @@ internal static class Bink2MovieBridge
 
     private enum MovieMode
     {
+        Guest,
         Skip,
         Dummy,
         Native,

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Gpu/GuestDataPool.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 using System.Buffers;
+using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
 
@@ -15,7 +16,125 @@ namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Gpu;
 /// </summary>
 internal static class GuestDataPool
 {
-    public static ArrayPool<byte> Shared { get; } = ArrayPool<byte>.Create(
+    public static ArrayPool<byte> Shared { get; } = new BoundedByteArrayPool(
         maxArrayLength: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
-        maxArraysPerBucket: 96);
+        maxCachedBytes: 256UL * 1024 * 1024,
+        maxArraysPerBucket: 8);
+
+    public static void Trim() => ((BoundedByteArrayPool)Shared).Trim();
+
+    private sealed class BoundedByteArrayPool : ArrayPool<byte>
+    {
+        private readonly object _gate = new();
+        private readonly int _maxArrayLength;
+        private readonly ulong _maxCachedBytes;
+        private readonly int _maxArraysPerBucket;
+        private readonly Dictionary<int, Stack<byte[]>> _cachedByBucket = [];
+        private readonly HashSet<byte[]> _leases =
+            new(System.Collections.Generic.ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
+        private ulong _cachedBytes;
+
+        public BoundedByteArrayPool(
+            int maxArrayLength,
+            ulong maxCachedBytes,
+            int maxArraysPerBucket)
+        {
+            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegativeOrZero(maxArrayLength);
+            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfZero(maxCachedBytes);
+            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegativeOrZero(maxArraysPerBucket);
+            _maxArrayLength = maxArrayLength;
+            _maxCachedBytes = maxCachedBytes;
+            _maxArraysPerBucket = maxArraysPerBucket;
+        }
+
+        public override byte[] Rent(int minimumLength)
+        {
+            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative(minimumLength);
+            var length = GetAllocationLength(minimumLength);
+            byte[]? array = null;
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (length <= _maxArrayLength &&
+                    _cachedByBucket.TryGetValue(length, out var bucket) &&
+                    bucket.TryPop(out array))
+                {
+                    _cachedBytes -= (ulong)array.LongLength;
+                }
+
+                array ??= new byte[length];
+                _leases.Add(array);
+            }
+
+            return array;
+        }
+
+        public override void Return(byte[] array, bool clearArray = false)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(array);
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (!_leases.Remove(array))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (clearArray)
+            {
+                Array.Clear(array);
+            }
+
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (array.Length > _maxArrayLength ||
+                    !IsBucketLength(array.Length) ||
+                    (ulong)array.LongLength > _maxCachedBytes -
+                        Math.Min(_cachedBytes, _maxCachedBytes))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (!_cachedByBucket.TryGetValue(array.Length, out var bucket))
+                {
+                    bucket = new Stack<byte[]>();
+                    _cachedByBucket.Add(array.Length, bucket);
+                }
+
+                if (bucket.Count >= _maxArraysPerBucket)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                bucket.Push(array);
+                _cachedBytes += (ulong)array.LongLength;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Trim()
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                _cachedByBucket.Clear();
+                _cachedBytes = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int GetAllocationLength(int minimumLength)
+        {
+            if (minimumLength <= 16)
+            {
+                return 16;
+            }
+
+            if (minimumLength > _maxArrayLength)
+            {
+                return minimumLength;
+            }
+
+            return checked((int)BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2((uint)minimumLength));
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsBucketLength(int length) =>
+            length >= 16 && (length & (length - 1)) == 0;
+    }
 }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelMemoryCompatExports.cs

@@ -6010,7 +6010,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return highWaterMark;
     }
 
-    private static bool TryReadHostMemory(ulong address, Span<byte> destination)
+    private static unsafe bool TryReadHostMemory(ulong address, Span<byte> destination)
     {
         if (destination.IsEmpty || !IsHostRangeAccessible(address, (ulong)destination.Length, writeAccess: false))
         {
@@ -6019,9 +6019,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
 
         try
         {
-            var temporary = new byte[destination.Length];
+            new ReadOnlySpan<byte>((void*)address, destination.Length).CopyTo(destination);
-            Marshal.Copy((nint)address, temporary, 0, temporary.Length);
-            temporary.AsSpan().CopyTo(destination);
             return true;
         }
         catch
@@ -6061,6 +6059,41 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return false;
     }
 
+    internal static bool TryReadShaderGuestMemory(
+        ulong address,
+        Span<byte> destination)
+    {
+        if (destination.IsEmpty)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (TryReadTrackedLibcHeap(address, destination))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var length = (ulong)destination.Length;
+        lock (_memoryGate)
+        {
+            if (TryFindVirtualQueryRegionLocked(
+                    address,
+                    findNext: false,
+                    out var region) &&
+                length <= region.Length &&
+                address >= region.Address &&
+                length <= region.Address + region.Length - address)
+            {
+                return TryReadHostMemory(address, destination);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Direct execution uses guest virtual addresses as host virtual addresses.
+        // Some native mmap paths predate _mappedRegions tracking, so retain the same
+        // committed/readable-page fallback used by the libc compatibility layer.
+        return TryReadHostMemory(address, destination);
+    }
+
     internal static bool TryReadTrackedLibcHeapGpuAlias(
         ulong packedAddress,
         Span<byte> destination)
@@ -6340,7 +6373,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         return value != 0 && (value & (value - 1)) == 0;
     }
 
-    private static bool TryWriteHostMemory(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
+    private static unsafe bool TryWriteHostMemory(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
     {
         if (source.IsEmpty || !IsHostRangeAccessible(address, (ulong)source.Length, writeAccess: true))
         {
@@ -6349,8 +6382,7 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
 
         try
         {
-            var temporary = source.ToArray();
+            source.CopyTo(new Span<byte>((void*)address, source.Length));
-            Marshal.Copy(temporary, 0, (nint)address, temporary.Length);
             return true;
         }
         catch
@@ -6377,20 +6409,37 @@ public static partial class KernelMemoryCompatExports
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (!TryQueryHostPage(address, out var startInfo) || !HasRequiredProtection(startInfo.Protect, writeAccess))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
         var endAddress = address + length - 1;
-        if (endAddress == address)
+        var currentAddress = address;
+        while (currentAddress <= endAddress)
         {
-            return true;
+            if (!TryQueryHostPage(currentAddress, out var info) ||
-        }
+                !HasRequiredProtection(info.Protect, writeAccess))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
 
-        if (!TryQueryHostPage(endAddress, out var endInfo) || !HasRequiredProtection(endInfo.Protect, writeAccess))
+            var regionBase = unchecked((ulong)info.BaseAddress);
-        {
+            var regionSize = (ulong)info.RegionSize;
-            return false;
+            if (regionSize == 0 ||
+                regionBase > currentAddress ||
+                ulong.MaxValue - regionBase < regionSize)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var regionEnd = regionBase + regionSize;
+            if (regionEnd <= currentAddress)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (regionEnd > endAddress)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            currentAddress = regionEnd;
         }
 
         return true;

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/PerfOverlay.cs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
     private static long _presentedInWindow;
     private static long _submittedInWindow;
     private static long _drawsInWindow;
+    private static long _guestBufferCacheBytes;
 
     // Refreshed once per second so per-frame fills never allocate.
     private static long _statsWindowStart = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
@@ -74,11 +75,8 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
         if (last != 0)
         {
             var milliseconds = (now - last) * 1000.0 / Stopwatch.Frequency;
-            if (milliseconds < 1000.0)
+            _frameMilliseconds[_frameHistoryIndex] = milliseconds;
-            {
+            _frameHistoryIndex = (_frameHistoryIndex + 1) % FrameHistorySize;
-                _frameMilliseconds[_frameHistoryIndex] = milliseconds;
-                _frameHistoryIndex = (_frameHistoryIndex + 1) % FrameHistorySize;
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -88,6 +86,9 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
     /// <summary>Called per translated draw/dispatch executed.</summary>
     public static void RecordDraw() => Interlocked.Increment(ref _drawsInWindow);
 
+    public static void SetGuestBufferCacheBytes(ulong bytes) =>
+        Interlocked.Exchange(ref _guestBufferCacheBytes, checked((long)bytes));
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Rasterizes the panel into a BGRA byte span of PanelWidth x PanelHeight.
     /// Runs on the render thread.
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
                 Environment.ProcessorCount;
             _lastCpuTime = cpuTime;
 
-            var drawsPerFrame = _fps > 0.5 ? _drawsPerSecond / _fps : 0;
+            var drawsPerFrame = _fps > 0 ? _drawsPerSecond / _fps : 0;
             var sessionStart = Interlocked.Read(ref _sessionStartTimestamp);
             var elapsedSeconds = sessionStart == 0
                 ? 0L
@@ -176,7 +177,9 @@ public static class PerfOverlay
             _line1 = $"FPS {_fps:0.0}  FLIP {_submittedFps:0.0}  {_averageFrameMs:0.0} MS";
             _line2 = $"DRAWS {_drawsPerSecond:0}/S  {drawsPerFrame:0}/F  Q {pendingWork}+{inFlightSubmissions}";
             _line3 = $"ALLOC {_allocatedMbPerSecond:0.0} MB/S  GC {_gen0PerWindow}/{_gen1PerWindow}/{_gen2PerWindow}";
-            _line4 = $"CPU {_cpuPercent:0}%  HEAP {GC.GetTotalMemory(false) / (1024 * 1024)} MB  F1 HIDE";
+            var heapMb = GC.GetTotalMemory(false) / (1024 * 1024);
+            var guestBufferMb = Interlocked.Read(ref _guestBufferCacheBytes) / (1024 * 1024);
+            _line4 = $"MEM {heapMb}M BUF {guestBufferMb}M CPU {_cpuPercent:0}%";
             _line5 = $"TIME {elapsedHours:00}:{elapsedMinutes:00}:{elapsedRemainingSeconds:00}";
         }
     }

src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs

@@ -2412,7 +2412,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         }
     }
 
-    private static bool TryTakeGuestWork(out PendingGuestWork work)
+    private static bool TryTakeGuestWork(
+        out PendingGuestWork work,
+        HashSet<string>? excludedQueues = null)
     {
         lock (_gate)
         {
@@ -2425,6 +2427,14 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 }
 
                 var queueName = _pendingGuestQueueSchedule[_pendingGuestQueueCursor];
+                if (excludedQueues?.Contains(queueName) == true)
+                {
+                    _pendingGuestQueueCursor =
+                        (_pendingGuestQueueCursor + 1) % _pendingGuestQueueSchedule.Count;
+                    queuesToProbe--;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 if (!_pendingGuestWorkByQueue.TryGetValue(queueName, out var queue) ||
                     queue.First is not { } first)
                 {
@@ -2466,6 +2476,32 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         }
     }
 
+    private static bool RequeueGuestWorkFront(in PendingGuestWork work)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_closed)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!_pendingGuestWorkByQueue.TryGetValue(work.Queue.Name, out var queue))
+            {
+                queue = new LinkedList<PendingGuestWork>();
+                _pendingGuestWorkByQueue.Add(work.Queue.Name, queue);
+                _pendingGuestQueueSchedule.Add(work.Queue.Name);
+            }
+
+            // TryTakeGuestWork removes only the item count. Payload ownership
+            // remains live until CompleteGuestWork, so requeueing must not add
+            // the retained-byte total a second time.
+            queue.AddFirst(work);
+            _pendingGuestWorkCount++;
+            System.Threading.Monitor.PulseAll(_gate);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
     private static void CompleteGuestWork(in PendingGuestWork pending)
     {
         SharpEmu.HLE.GuestImageWriteTracker.FlushPendingDiagnostics();
@@ -2875,11 +2911,14 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             DescriptorSetLayout DescriptorSetLayout,
             PipelineLayout PipelineLayout);
 
-        private readonly record struct DirtyGuestBufferRange(ulong Offset, ulong Length);
+        private readonly record struct DirtyGuestBufferRange(
+            ulong Offset,
+            ulong Length,
+            string QueueName,
+            ulong Timeline);
 
         private sealed class GuestBufferAllocation
         {
-            public string QueueName = VulkanGuestQueueIdentity.Default.Name;
             public ulong BaseAddress;
             public ulong Size;
             public VkBuffer Buffer;
@@ -2890,8 +2929,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             public List<DirtyGuestBufferRange> DirtyRanges { get; } = [];
         }
 
-        private const string SharedReadOnlyGuestBufferQueue = "shared.readonly";
-
         private sealed class TranslatedDrawResources
         {
             public string DebugName = "SharpEmu translated";
@@ -4795,7 +4832,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                         MarkGuestBufferDirty(
                             allocation,
                             globalBuffer.GuestOffset,
-                            globalBuffer.GuestSize);
+                            globalBuffer.GuestSize,
+                            _activeGuestQueue.Name,
+                            _submitTimeline);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -4991,7 +5030,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
         }
 
-        private void WaitForActiveGuestQueueSubmissionsForCpuVisibility()
+        private bool TryMakeActiveGuestQueueSubmissionsCpuVisible()
         {
             FlushBatchedGuestCommands();
             if (!_lastSubmittedTimelineByGuestQueue.TryGetValue(
@@ -4999,7 +5038,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     out var targetTimeline) ||
                 targetTimeline <= _completedTimeline)
             {
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
             PendingGuestSubmission? target = null;
@@ -5019,27 +5058,77 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     $"{targetTimeline} (completed={_completedTimeline}).");
             }
 
-            var waitStart = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
             var fence = target.Fence;
-            Check(
+            var status = _vk.GetFenceStatus(_device, fence);
-                _vk.WaitForFences(_device, 1, &fence, true, ulong.MaxValue),
+            if (status == Result.NotReady)
-                $"vkWaitForFences(queue visibility: {_activeGuestQueue.Name})");
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (status == Result.ErrorDeviceLost)
+            {
+                _deviceLost = true;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            Check(status, $"vkGetFenceStatus(queue visibility: {_activeGuestQueue.Name})");
             CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
-            var waitedMs = (System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() - waitStart) *
-                1000.0 / System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.Frequency;
             if (_traceVulkanShaderEnabled)
             {
                 TraceVulkanShader(
                     $"vk.queue_visibility queue={_activeGuestQueue.Name} " +
                     $"submission={_activeGuestQueue.SubmissionId} " +
-                    $"target_timeline={targetTimeline} completed_timeline={_completedTimeline} " +
+                    $"target_timeline={targetTimeline} completed_timeline={_completedTimeline}");
-                    $"waited_ms={waitedMs:F3}");
             }
+
+            return true;
         }
 
-        private void ExecuteOrderedGuestAction(VulkanOrderedGuestAction work)
+        private void WaitForGuestBufferAllocationForCpuVisibility(
+            GuestBufferAllocation allocation)
         {
-            WaitForActiveGuestQueueSubmissionsForCpuVisibility();
+            if (IsGuestBufferAllocationReferencedByOpenBatch(allocation))
+            {
+                FlushBatchedGuestCommands();
+            }
+
+            var targetTimeline = allocation.LastUseTimeline;
+            if (targetTimeline <= _completedTimeline)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            PendingGuestSubmission? target = null;
+            foreach (var submission in _pendingGuestSubmissions)
+            {
+                if (submission.Timeline == targetTimeline)
+                {
+                    target = submission;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (target is null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Guest buffer 0x{allocation.BaseAddress:X16} lost pending timeline " +
+                    $"{targetTimeline} (completed={_completedTimeline}).");
+            }
+
+            var fence = target.Fence;
+            Check(
+                _vk.WaitForFences(_device, 1, &fence, true, ulong.MaxValue),
+                $"vkWaitForFences(buffer visibility: 0x{allocation.BaseAddress:X16})");
+            CollectCompletedGuestSubmissions(waitForOldest: false);
+        }
+
+        private bool TryExecuteOrderedGuestAction(VulkanOrderedGuestAction work)
+        {
+            if (!TryMakeActiveGuestQueueSubmissionsCpuVisible())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
             WriteBackAllDirtyGuestBuffers(_activeGuestQueue.Name);
             work.Action();
             if (_traceVulkanShaderEnabled)
@@ -5049,6 +5138,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     $"submission={_activeGuestQueue.SubmissionId} " +
                     $"work_sequence={_activeGuestWorkSequence} name='{work.DebugName}'");
             }
+
+            return true;
         }
 
         private void ExecuteOrderedGuestFlip(VulkanOrderedGuestFlip work)
@@ -8186,9 +8277,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             var size = (ulong)Math.Max(guestBuffer.Length, sizeof(uint));
             var endAddress = checked(guestBuffer.BaseAddress + size);
             GuestBufferAllocation? allocation = null;
-            var allocationPriority = -1;
-            // This runs for every bound global buffer. Preserve the previous
-            // stable queue preference without allocating LINQ sort state.
             foreach (var candidate in _guestBufferAllocations)
             {
                 if (candidate.BaseAddress > guestBuffer.BaseAddress ||
@@ -8197,22 +8285,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                var candidatePriority = string.Equals(
+                allocation = candidate;
-                        candidate.QueueName,
+                break;
-                        _activeGuestQueue.Name,
-                        StringComparison.Ordinal)
-                    ? 2
-                    : string.Equals(
-                        candidate.QueueName,
-                        SharedReadOnlyGuestBufferQueue,
-                        StringComparison.Ordinal)
-                        ? 1
-                        : 0;
-                if (candidatePriority > allocationPriority)
-                {
-                    allocation = candidate;
-                    allocationPriority = candidatePriority;
-                }
             }
 
             if (allocation is null)
@@ -8247,11 +8321,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             var shadow = allocation.Shadow.AsSpan(checked((int)guestOffset), guestBuffer.Length);
             if (!source.SequenceEqual(shadow))
             {
-                var sharedReadOnly = string.Equals(
+                if (!guestBuffer.Writable &&
-                    allocation.QueueName,
-                    SharedReadOnlyGuestBufferQueue,
-                    StringComparison.Ordinal);
-                if (sharedReadOnly &&
                     (allocation.LastUseTimeline > _completedTimeline ||
                      IsGuestBufferAllocationReferencedByOpenBatch(allocation)))
                 {
@@ -8265,14 +8335,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 // an in-flight shader access. Retire prior users, publish their
                 // dirty ranges to guest memory, then upload the current guest
                 // bytes (which may be newer than the parser's captured array).
-                if (!sharedReadOnly)
+                WaitForGuestBufferAllocationForCpuVisibility(allocation);
-                {
+                WriteBackAllDirtyGuestBuffers();
-                    // Writable aliases are private to one logical guest queue.
-                    // Retiring unrelated queues here recreates the global FIFO
-                    // and turns routine buffer refreshes into queue-wide stalls.
-                    WaitForActiveGuestQueueSubmissionsForCpuVisibility();
-                    WriteBackAllDirtyGuestBuffers(_activeGuestQueue.Name);
-                }
                 // Populate the cached shadow copy first and write it out to the
                 // mapped allocation in one pass. The mapped memory is
                 // HOST_VISIBLE|HOST_COHERENT (write-combined on most drivers),
@@ -8418,7 +8482,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 return;
             }
 
-            var ranges = new List<(ulong Start, ulong End, bool Writable)>(buffers.Count);
+            var ranges = new List<(ulong Start, ulong End)>(buffers.Count);
             foreach (var buffer in buffers)
             {
                 if (buffer.BaseAddress == 0)
@@ -8432,8 +8496,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 var paddedEnd = checked(buffer.BaseAddress + size + 3) & ~3UL;
                 ranges.Add((
                     alignedStart,
-                    paddedEnd,
+                    paddedEnd));
-                    buffer.Writable && buffer.WriteBackToGuest));
             }
 
             if (ranges.Count == 0)
@@ -8442,7 +8505,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             }
 
             ranges.Sort(static (left, right) => left.Start.CompareTo(right.Start));
-            var merged = new List<(ulong Start, ulong End, bool Writable)>(ranges.Count);
+            var merged = new List<(ulong Start, ulong End)>(ranges.Count);
             foreach (var range in ranges)
             {
                 if (merged.Count == 0 || range.Start > merged[^1].End)
@@ -8454,25 +8517,18 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 var previous = merged[^1];
                 merged[^1] = (
                     previous.Start,
-                    Math.Max(previous.End, range.End),
+                    Math.Max(previous.End, range.End));
-                    previous.Writable || range.Writable);
             }
 
             foreach (var range in merged)
             {
-                EnsureGuestBufferAllocation(
+                EnsureGuestBufferAllocation(range.Start, range.End);
-                    range.Start,
-                    range.End,
-                    range.Writable
-                        ? _activeGuestQueue.Name
-                        : SharedReadOnlyGuestBufferQueue);
             }
         }
 
         private void EnsureGuestBufferAllocation(
             ulong requestedStart,
-            ulong requestedEnd,
+            ulong requestedEnd)
-            string queueName)
         {
             var start = requestedStart;
             var end = requestedEnd;
@@ -8481,10 +8537,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             {
                 overlaps = _guestBufferAllocations
                     .Where(allocation =>
-                        string.Equals(
-                            allocation.QueueName,
-                            queueName,
-                            StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
                         allocation.BaseAddress < end &&
                         start < allocation.BaseAddress + allocation.Size)
                     .ToList();
@@ -8521,7 +8573,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 WriteBackAllDirtyGuestBuffers();
             }
 
-            var replacement = CreateGuestBufferAllocation(start, end, queueName);
+            var replacement = CreateGuestBufferAllocation(start, end);
             foreach (var overlap in overlaps)
             {
                 _guestBufferAllocations.Remove(overlap);
@@ -8530,22 +8582,27 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
             _guestBufferAllocations.Add(replacement);
             _guestBufferAllocations.Sort(static (left, right) =>
-            {
+                left.BaseAddress.CompareTo(right.BaseAddress));
-                var queueOrder = string.CompareOrdinal(left.QueueName, right.QueueName);
+            UpdateGuestBufferCacheMetric();
-                return queueOrder != 0
-                    ? queueOrder
-                    : left.BaseAddress.CompareTo(right.BaseAddress);
-            });
             TraceVulkanShader(
-                $"vk.guest_buffer_allocation queue={queueName} " +
+                $"vk.guest_buffer_allocation base=0x{start:X16} bytes={replacement.Size} " +
-                $"base=0x{start:X16} bytes={replacement.Size} " +
                 $"merged={overlaps.Count}");
         }
 
+        private void UpdateGuestBufferCacheMetric()
+        {
+            var bytes = 0UL;
+            foreach (var allocation in _guestBufferAllocations)
+            {
+                bytes = checked(bytes + allocation.Size);
+            }
+
+            PerfOverlay.SetGuestBufferCacheBytes(bytes);
+        }
+
         private GuestBufferAllocation CreateGuestBufferAllocation(
             ulong start,
-            ulong end,
+            ulong end)
-            string queueName)
         {
             var size = checked(end - start);
             if (size == 0 || size > int.MaxValue)
@@ -8571,7 +8628,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 $"SharpEmu guest VA 0x{start:X16}-0x{end:X16}");
             return new GuestBufferAllocation
             {
-                QueueName = queueName,
                 BaseAddress = start,
                 Size = size,
                 Buffer = buffer,
@@ -9577,15 +9633,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
                 MarkSampledImagesInitialized(resources);
                 MarkStorageImagesInitialized(resources, traceContents: false);
-                if (work.WritesGlobalMemory)
-                {
-                    // The CPU submit thread may immediately consume an indirect
-                    // argument written by this dispatch. Wait for the specific
-                    // guest fences and publish only dirty ranges; a queue-wide
-                    // idle unnecessarily serialized presentation work too.
-                    WaitForActiveGuestQueueSubmissionsForCpuVisibility();
-                    WriteBackAllDirtyGuestBuffers(_activeGuestQueue.Name);
-                }
                 TraceVulkanShader(
                     $"vk.compute_dispatch groups={work.GroupCountX}x" +
                     $"{work.GroupCountY}x{work.GroupCountZ} " +
@@ -9815,7 +9862,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
         private static void MarkGuestBufferDirty(
             GuestBufferAllocation allocation,
             ulong offset,
-            ulong length)
+            ulong length,
+            string queueName,
+            ulong timeline)
         {
             if (length == 0)
             {
@@ -9827,6 +9876,11 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             for (var index = allocation.DirtyRanges.Count - 1; index >= 0; index--)
             {
                 var existing = allocation.DirtyRanges[index];
+                if (!string.Equals(existing.QueueName, queueName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 var existingEnd = existing.Offset + existing.Length;
                 if (end < existing.Offset || existingEnd < start)
                 {
@@ -9835,10 +9889,12 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
                 start = Math.Min(start, existing.Offset);
                 end = Math.Max(end, existingEnd);
+                timeline = Math.Max(timeline, existing.Timeline);
                 allocation.DirtyRanges.RemoveAt(index);
             }
 
-            allocation.DirtyRanges.Add(new DirtyGuestBufferRange(start, end - start));
+            allocation.DirtyRanges.Add(
+                new DirtyGuestBufferRange(start, end - start, queueName, timeline));
         }
 
         private void WriteBackAllDirtyGuestBuffers(string? queueName = null)
@@ -9851,33 +9907,51 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
             foreach (var allocation in _guestBufferAllocations)
             {
-                if (queueName is not null &&
-                    !string.Equals(allocation.QueueName, queueName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if (allocation.DirtyRanges.Count != 0 &&
-                    allocation.LastUseTimeline > _completedTimeline)
-                {
-                    // A mapped HOST_COHERENT allocation still cannot be read
-                    // by the CPU while a shader may be writing it. Callers
-                    // normally retire the relevant fences first; keep this
-                    // helper fail-closed if a future path forgets to do so.
-                    TraceVulkanShader(
-                        $"vk.global_writeback_deferred base=0x{allocation.BaseAddress:X16} " +
-                        $"last_use={allocation.LastUseTimeline} completed={_completedTimeline}");
-                    continue;
-                }
-
                 for (var index = allocation.DirtyRanges.Count - 1; index >= 0; index--)
                 {
                     var range = allocation.DirtyRanges[index];
+                    if ((queueName is not null &&
+                         !string.Equals(range.QueueName, queueName, StringComparison.Ordinal)) ||
+                        range.Timeline > _completedTimeline)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
                     if (range.Length == 0 || range.Length > int.MaxValue)
                     {
                         continue;
                     }
 
+                    var rangeEnd = checked(range.Offset + range.Length);
+                    var overlapsInFlightWrite = false;
+                    for (var otherIndex = 0;
+                         otherIndex < allocation.DirtyRanges.Count;
+                         otherIndex++)
+                    {
+                        if (otherIndex == index)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        var other = allocation.DirtyRanges[otherIndex];
+                        if (other.Timeline <= _completedTimeline)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        var otherEnd = checked(other.Offset + other.Length);
+                        if (range.Offset < otherEnd && other.Offset < rangeEnd)
+                        {
+                            overlapsInFlightWrite = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (overlapsInFlightWrite)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
                     var mappedBytes = new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(
                         (void*)(allocation.Mapped + checked((nint)range.Offset)),
                         checked((int)range.Length));
@@ -9907,6 +9981,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     const int pageSize = 4096;
                     const int unreadableMergeGap = 16;
                     var livePageBuffer = GuestDataPool.Shared.Rent(pageSize);
+                    var mappedPageBuffer = GuestDataPool.Shared.Rent(pageSize);
                     var pageRuns = new List<(int Start, int Length)>(64);
                     try
                     {
@@ -9915,35 +9990,49 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                              pageStart += pageSize)
                         {
                             var pageEnd = Math.Min(pageStart + pageSize, mappedBytes.Length);
-                            pageRuns.Clear();
+                            var pageLength = pageEnd - pageStart;
-                            var cursor = pageStart;
+                            var mappedPageSource = mappedBytes.Slice(pageStart, pageLength);
-                            while (cursor < pageEnd)
+                            var shadowPage = shadowBytes.Slice(pageStart, pageLength);
+                            if (mappedPageSource.SequenceEqual(shadowPage))
                             {
-                                while (cursor < pageEnd &&
+                                continue;
-                                       mappedBytes[cursor] == shadowBytes[cursor])
+                            }
+
+                            // HOST_COHERENT mappings are commonly uncached or
+                            // write-combined on the CPU. Read each changed page
+                            // once with a bulk copy, then perform the byte-level
+                            // merge against ordinary cached memory.
+                            var mappedPage = mappedPageBuffer.AsSpan(0, pageLength);
+                            mappedPageSource.CopyTo(mappedPage);
+                            pageRuns.Clear();
+                            var cursor = 0;
+                            while (cursor < pageLength)
+                            {
+                                while (cursor < pageLength &&
+                                       mappedPage[cursor] == shadowPage[cursor])
                                 {
                                     cursor++;
                                 }
 
-                                if (cursor == pageEnd)
+                                if (cursor == pageLength)
                                 {
                                     break;
                                 }
 
                                 var runStart = cursor;
-                                while (cursor < pageEnd &&
+                                while (cursor < pageLength &&
-                                       mappedBytes[cursor] != shadowBytes[cursor])
+                                       mappedPage[cursor] != shadowPage[cursor])
                                 {
                                     cursor++;
                                 }
 
                                 var runLength = cursor - runStart;
-                                pageRuns.Add((runStart, runLength));
+                                pageRuns.Add((pageStart + runStart, runLength));
                                 changedRuns++;
                                 changedBytes += (ulong)runLength;
                                 if (firstChangedOffset < 0)
                                 {
-                                    firstChangedOffset = runStart;
+                                    firstChangedOffset = pageStart + runStart;
                                 }
                             }
 
@@ -9953,13 +10042,12 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                             }
 
                             changedPages++;
-                            var pageLength = pageEnd - pageStart;
                             var livePage = livePageBuffer.AsSpan(0, pageLength);
                             if (memory.TryRead(guestAddress + (ulong)pageStart, livePage))
                             {
                                 foreach (var run in pageRuns)
                                 {
-                                    mappedBytes.Slice(run.Start, run.Length).CopyTo(
+                                    mappedPage.Slice(run.Start - pageStart, run.Length).CopyTo(
                                         livePage.Slice(run.Start - pageStart, run.Length));
                                 }
 
@@ -9967,7 +10055,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                                 {
                                     foreach (var run in pageRuns)
                                     {
-                                        mappedBytes.Slice(run.Start, run.Length).CopyTo(
+                                        mappedPage.Slice(run.Start - pageStart, run.Length).CopyTo(
                                             shadowBytes.Slice(run.Start, run.Length));
                                     }
 
@@ -9982,7 +10070,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                                     MarkGuestBufferDirty(
                                         allocation,
                                         range.Offset + (ulong)run.Start,
-                                        (ulong)run.Length);
+                                        (ulong)run.Length,
+                                        range.QueueName,
+                                        range.Timeline);
                                 }
 
                                 continue;
@@ -10018,7 +10108,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                                          overlayIndex++)
                                     {
                                         var run = pageRuns[overlayIndex];
-                                        mappedBytes.Slice(run.Start, run.Length).CopyTo(
+                                        mappedPage.Slice(run.Start - pageStart, run.Length).CopyTo(
                                             mergedLive.Slice(
                                                 run.Start - mergedStart,
                                                 run.Length));
@@ -10034,7 +10124,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                                              overlayIndex++)
                                         {
                                             var run = pageRuns[overlayIndex];
-                                            mappedBytes.Slice(run.Start, run.Length).CopyTo(
+                                            mappedPage.Slice(run.Start - pageStart, run.Length).CopyTo(
                                                 shadowBytes.Slice(run.Start, run.Length));
                                         }
 
@@ -10051,7 +10141,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                                      exactIndex++)
                                 {
                                     var run = pageRuns[exactIndex];
-                                    var changed = mappedBytes.Slice(run.Start, run.Length);
+                                    var changed = mappedPage.Slice(
+                                        run.Start - pageStart,
+                                        run.Length);
                                     fallbackWrites++;
                                     if (memory.TryWrite(
                                             guestAddress + (ulong)run.Start,
@@ -10068,7 +10160,9 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                                         MarkGuestBufferDirty(
                                             allocation,
                                             range.Offset + (ulong)run.Start,
-                                            (ulong)run.Length);
+                                            (ulong)run.Length,
+                                            range.QueueName,
+                                            range.Timeline);
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
@@ -10077,6 +10171,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     finally
                     {
                         GuestDataPool.Shared.Return(livePageBuffer);
+                        GuestDataPool.Shared.Return(mappedPageBuffer);
                     }
 
                     var probe = mappedBytes[..Math.Min(mappedBytes.Length, 256)];
@@ -10346,6 +10441,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 }
                 GuestDepthResource? depth = null;
                 DepthFramebufferResource? depthFramebuffer = null;
+                var clearDepthSeparately = false;
                 if (ShouldAttachGuestDepth(
                         work.DepthTarget,
                         draw.RenderState.Depth) &&
@@ -10373,12 +10469,26 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                         depth.GuestClearDepth = effectiveDepthTarget.ClearDepth;
                         depth.ClearDepth = effectiveDepthTarget.ClearDepth;
                     }
-                    if (targets.Length == 1)
+                    clearDepthSeparately = clearDepthForDraw &&
+                        (depth.Width < firstTarget.Width ||
+                         depth.Height < firstTarget.Height);
+                    if (targets.Length == 1 && !clearDepthSeparately)
                     {
                         depthFramebuffer = GetOrCreateDepthFramebuffer(firstTarget, depth);
                     }
                 }
 
+                if (depth is not null && !clearDepthSeparately)
+                {
+                    // Guest color images may be allocated at their maximum
+                    // resolution while the active viewport and DB surface use
+                    // a smaller dynamic-rendering extent. Vulkan requires the
+                    // framebuffer extent to fit every attachment.
+                    extent = new Extent2D(
+                        Math.Min(firstTarget.Width, depth.Width),
+                        Math.Min(firstTarget.Height, depth.Height));
+                }
+
                 if (clearDepthForDraw)
                 {
                     // DB_RENDER_CONTROL.DEPTH_CLEAR_ENABLE makes this a DB
@@ -10412,17 +10522,18 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 var framebuffer = depthFramebuffer?.Framebuffer ?? firstTarget.Framebuffer;
                 if (targets.Length > 1)
                 {
+                    var attachedDepth = clearDepthSeparately ? null : depth;
                     (renderPass, framebuffer) = CreateRenderPassAndFramebuffer(
                         formats,
                         targets.Select(target => target.MipViews.Length > 0
                             ? target.MipViews[0]
                             : target.View).ToArray(),
-                        firstTarget.Width,
+                        extent.Width,
-                        firstTarget.Height,
+                        extent.Height,
                         targets.Select(target =>
                             target.Initialized || target.InitialUploadPending).ToArray(),
-                        depth,
+                        attachedDepth,
-                        depth?.Initialized == true && !clearDepthForDraw);
+                        attachedDepth?.Initialized == true && !clearDepthForDraw);
                     transientRenderPass = renderPass;
                     transientFramebuffer = framebuffer;
                 }
@@ -10433,8 +10544,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     formats,
                     extent,
                     targets,
-                    hasDepthAttachment: depth is not null,
+                    hasDepthAttachment: depth is not null && !clearDepthSeparately,
-                    feedbackDepth: depth);
+                    feedbackDepth: clearDepthSeparately ? null : depth);
                 resources.TransientRenderPass = transientRenderPass;
                 resources.TransientFramebuffer = transientFramebuffer;
                 transientRenderPass = default;
@@ -10454,6 +10565,10 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 submitted = true;
 
                 BeginDebugLabel(_commandBuffer, resources.DebugName);
+                if (clearDepthSeparately && depth is not null)
+                {
+                    RecordStandaloneGuestDepthClear(depth);
+                }
                 var hasStorageImages = false;
                 foreach (var texture in resources.Textures)
                 {
@@ -10517,6 +10632,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     toColorAttachments);
 
                 if (depth is not null &&
+                    !clearDepthSeparately &&
                     depth.Layout == ImageLayout.ShaderReadOnlyOptimal)
                 {
                     var toDepthAttachment = new ImageMemoryBarrier
@@ -10554,7 +10670,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     framebuffer,
                     extent,
                     colorAttachmentCount: targets.Length,
-                    hasDepthAttachment: depth is not null,
+                    hasDepthAttachment: depth is not null && !clearDepthSeparately,
                     clearDepth: depth?.ClearDepth ?? 1f);
                 RecordTranslatedDrawInPass(resources, extent);
                 _vk.CmdEndRenderPass(_commandBuffer);
@@ -10610,7 +10726,10 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 if (depth is not null)
                 {
                     depth.Initialized = true;
-                    depth.Layout = ImageLayout.DepthStencilAttachmentOptimal;
+                    if (!clearDepthSeparately)
+                    {
+                        depth.Layout = ImageLayout.DepthStencilAttachmentOptimal;
+                    }
                     if (clearDepthForDraw)
                     {
                         depth.InitializationSource = "guest-depth-clear";
@@ -11624,14 +11743,6 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 return existing;
             }
 
-            if (depth.Width < color.Width || depth.Height < color.Height)
-            {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                    $"guest depth 0x{depth.Address:X16} extent {depth.Width}x{depth.Height} " +
-                    $"is smaller than color target 0x{color.Address:X16} " +
-                    $"{color.Width}x{color.Height}");
-            }
-
             var attachmentView = color.MipViews.Length > 0 ? color.MipViews[0] : color.View;
             var loadRenderPass = CreateDepthRenderPass(
                 color.Format,
@@ -11658,8 +11769,8 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 RenderPass = loadRenderPass,
                 AttachmentCount = 2,
                 PAttachments = attachments,
-                Width = color.Width,
+                Width = Math.Min(color.Width, depth.Width),
-                Height = color.Height,
+                Height = Math.Min(color.Height, depth.Height),
                 Layers = 1,
             };
             Check(
@@ -12155,6 +12266,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
 
             EvictDirtyCachedTextures();
             var completedWork = 0;
+            HashSet<string>? deferredOrderedQueues = null;
             var renderWorkDeadline = _renderWorkBudgetTicks > 0
                 ? System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() + _renderWorkBudgetTicks
                 : long.MaxValue;
@@ -12172,7 +12284,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                     break;
                 }
 
-                if (!TryTakeGuestWork(out var pendingGuestWork))
+                if (!TryTakeGuestWork(out var pendingGuestWork, deferredOrderedQueues))
                 {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -12199,6 +12311,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 _enqueueAsImmediateQueueFollowup = true;
                 _immediateFollowupTail = null;
                 var work = pendingGuestWork.Work;
+                var deferGuestWork = false;
 
                 var traceWork = ShouldTracePresentedGuestImageContentsForDiagnostics();
                 var workStart = traceWork ? System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() : 0L;
@@ -12226,7 +12339,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                             ExecuteGuestImageWrite(guestImageWrite);
                             break;
                         case VulkanOrderedGuestAction orderedAction:
-                            ExecuteOrderedGuestAction(orderedAction);
+                            deferGuestWork = !TryExecuteOrderedGuestAction(orderedAction);
                             break;
                         case VulkanOrderedGuestFlip orderedFlip:
                             ExecuteOrderedGuestFlip(orderedFlip);
@@ -12238,12 +12351,21 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 }
                 finally
                 {
-                    CompleteGuestWork(pendingGuestWork);
+                    if (!deferGuestWork || !RequeueGuestWorkFront(pendingGuestWork))
+                    {
+                        CompleteGuestWork(pendingGuestWork);
+                    }
                     _enqueueAsImmediateQueueFollowup = false;
                     _immediateFollowupTail = null;
                     Volatile.Write(ref _executingGuestWorkSequence, 0);
                 }
 
+                if (deferGuestWork)
+                {
+                    deferredOrderedQueues ??= new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+                    deferredOrderedQueues.Add(pendingGuestWork.Queue.Name);
+                }
+
                 if (workStart != 0)
                 {
                     var elapsedMs = (System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() - workStart)
@@ -13200,6 +13322,79 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
             depth.Layout = ImageLayout.ShaderReadOnlyOptimal;
         }
 
+        private void RecordStandaloneGuestDepthClear(GuestDepthResource depth)
+        {
+            var depthRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(
+                ImageAspectFlags.DepthBit,
+                0,
+                1,
+                0,
+                1);
+            var sourceStage = PipelineStageFlags.TopOfPipeBit;
+            var sourceAccess = AccessFlags.None;
+            switch (depth.Layout)
+            {
+                case ImageLayout.ShaderReadOnlyOptimal:
+                    sourceStage =
+                        PipelineStageFlags.VertexShaderBit |
+                        PipelineStageFlags.FragmentShaderBit |
+                        PipelineStageFlags.ComputeShaderBit;
+                    sourceAccess = AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit;
+                    break;
+                case ImageLayout.DepthStencilAttachmentOptimal:
+                    sourceStage =
+                        PipelineStageFlags.EarlyFragmentTestsBit |
+                        PipelineStageFlags.LateFragmentTestsBit;
+                    sourceAccess =
+                        AccessFlags.DepthStencilAttachmentReadBit |
+                        AccessFlags.DepthStencilAttachmentWriteBit;
+                    break;
+                case ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal:
+                    sourceStage = PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit;
+                    sourceAccess = AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (depth.Layout != ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal)
+            {
+                var toTransfer = new ImageMemoryBarrier
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
+                    SrcAccessMask = sourceAccess,
+                    DstAccessMask = AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
+                    OldLayout = depth.Layout,
+                    NewLayout = ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                    SrcQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                    DstQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                    Image = depth.Image,
+                    SubresourceRange = depthRange,
+                };
+                _vk.CmdPipelineBarrier(
+                    _commandBuffer,
+                    sourceStage,
+                    PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    null,
+                    0,
+                    null,
+                    1,
+                    &toTransfer);
+            }
+
+            var clearValue = new ClearDepthStencilValue(depth.ClearDepth, 0);
+            _vk.CmdClearDepthStencilImage(
+                _commandBuffer,
+                depth.Image,
+                ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                &clearValue,
+                1,
+                &depthRange);
+            depth.Initialized = true;
+            depth.Layout = ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal;
+            depth.InitializationSource = "guest-depth-clear";
+        }
+
         private void RecordRenderTargetFeedbackSnapshots(
             TranslatedDrawResources resources,
             PipelineStageFlags shaderStage)
@@ -14965,6 +15160,7 @@ internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
                 DestroyGuestBufferAllocation(allocation);
             }
             _guestBufferAllocations.Clear();
+            PerfOverlay.SetGuestBufferCacheBytes(0);
             _hostBufferPool.Dispose();
             foreach (var guestImage in _guestImages.Values)
             {

src/SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler/Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.cs

@@ -2350,7 +2350,8 @@ public static class Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator
     private static bool TryReadUInt32(CpuContext ctx, ulong address, out uint value)
     {
         Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
-        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes))
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryRead(address, bytes) &&
+            FallbackMemoryReader?.Invoke(address, bytes) != true)
         {
             value = 0;
             return false;

tests/SharpEmu.Libs.Tests/Agc/Gen5ScalarMemoryFallbackTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using SharpEmu.HLE;
+using SharpEmu.ShaderCompiler;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.Tests.Agc;
+
+public sealed class Gen5ScalarMemoryFallbackTests
+{
+    private const ulong ScalarTableAddress = 0x4_4665_4FD0;
+    private static readonly object FallbackReaderGate = new();
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ScalarLoadReadsTrackedFallbackMemory()
+    {
+        var expected = new uint[]
+        {
+            0x4665_4F70,
+            0x0000_0004,
+            0x4EA7_FCE0,
+            0x0000_0004,
+        };
+        var table = new byte[expected.Length * sizeof(uint)];
+        for (var index = 0; index < expected.Length; index++)
+        {
+            BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(
+                table.AsSpan(index * sizeof(uint), sizeof(uint)),
+                expected[index]);
+        }
+
+        var load = new Gen5ShaderInstruction(
+            0,
+            Gen5ShaderEncoding.Smem,
+            "SLoadDwordx4",
+            [],
+            [Gen5Operand.Scalar(0)],
+            [
+                Gen5Operand.Scalar(16),
+                Gen5Operand.Scalar(17),
+                Gen5Operand.Scalar(18),
+                Gen5Operand.Scalar(19),
+            ],
+            new Gen5ScalarMemoryControl(4, 0, null));
+        var end = new Gen5ShaderInstruction(
+            8,
+            Gen5ShaderEncoding.Sopp,
+            "SEndpgm",
+            [],
+            [],
+            [],
+            null);
+        var state = new Gen5ShaderState(
+            new Gen5ShaderProgram(0, [load, end]),
+            [unchecked((uint)ScalarTableAddress), (uint)(ScalarTableAddress >> 32)],
+            null);
+        var ctx = new CpuContext(new FakeCpuMemory(0x1000, 0x100), Generation.Gen5);
+
+        lock (FallbackReaderGate)
+        {
+            var previousReader = Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.FallbackMemoryReader;
+            try
+            {
+                Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.FallbackMemoryReader = ReadFallback;
+                Assert.True(
+                    Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.TryEvaluate(
+                        ctx,
+                        state,
+                        out var evaluation,
+                        out var error),
+                    error);
+                Assert.Equal(expected, evaluation.ScalarRegisters.Skip(16).Take(4));
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Gen5ShaderScalarEvaluator.FallbackMemoryReader = previousReader;
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool ReadFallback(ulong address, Span<byte> destination)
+        {
+            if (address < ScalarTableAddress)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var offset = address - ScalarTableAddress;
+            if (offset + (ulong)destination.Length > (ulong)table.Length)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            table.AsSpan((int)offset, destination.Length).CopyTo(destination);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}