core: expand clock_gettime fast clocks, unify timespec writes, fix NULL EINVAL (#62)

Refactored parts of the time subsystem to improve POSIX/Orbis compliance and secure guest memory boundaries.

**1. POSIX `clock_gettime` updates:**
- Added `CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST` (10) and `CLOCK_MONOTONIC_FAST` (12) support for games using FreeBSD fast clock extensions.
- Fixed `NULL` pointer handling for `timespecAddress == 0`. It now returns `-1` with `EINVAL` (22) instead of `EFAULT` to match Orbis runtime behavior.
- Invalid `clock_id` values now properly fallback to `default` -> `-1` + `EINVAL`.

**2. Memory safety & monotonic tracking:**
- Replaced dual 8-byte scalar writes in both POSIX `clock_gettime` and Orbis `sceKernelClockGettime` with a single 16-byte write via `stackalloc byte[16]` and `BinaryPrimitives`. This prevents partial memory corruption at page boundaries.
- Bad non-NULL guest addresses now fail cleanly as `EFAULT` (POSIX) or `MEMORY_FAULT` (Orbis).
- Extracted core monotonic math into `GetProcessMonotonicTime()` in `KernelRuntimeCompatExports.cs` so both clock paths share the exact same `_processStartCounter` base.

**3. Host RDTSC optimization:**
- Fixed `CreateRdtscReader()` to copy stack-allocated opcode bytes into host `VirtualAlloc` memory via `unsafe { Buffer.MemoryCopy(...) }`. This completely gets rid of the redundant `.ToArray()` allocation on the hot path.

**Out of scope:** `sceKernelGettimeofday` / POSIX `gettimeofday` partial-write hardening; stricter clock validation in `sceKernelClockGettime`.

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelMemoryCompatExports.cs

@@ -67,6 +67,13 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
     private const int Einval = 22;
     private const int Erange = 34;
     private const int Struncate = 80;
+    private const int ClockRealtime = 0;
+    private const int ClockVirtual = 1;
+    private const int ClockProf = 2;
+    private const int ClockMonotonic = 4;
+    private const int ClockUptime = 5;
+    private const int ClockRealtimeFast = 10;
+    private const int ClockMonotonicFast = 12;
     private const nuint DefaultLibcHeapAlignment = 16;
     private const ushort KernelStatModeDirectory = 0x41FF;
     private const ushort KernelStatModeRegular = 0x81FF;
@@ -1993,23 +2000,55 @@ public static class KernelMemoryCompatExports
         LibraryName = "libKernel")]
     public static int ClockGettime(CpuContext ctx)
     {
+        var clockId = unchecked((int)ctx[CpuRegister.Rdi]);
         var timespecAddress = ctx[CpuRegister.Rsi];
         if (timespecAddress == 0)
         {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+            KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, Einval);
+            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)-1);
+            return -1;
         }
 
-        var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
+        long seconds;
-        var seconds = now.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
+        long nanoseconds;
-        var nanoseconds = (now.Ticks % TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond) * 100;
+        switch (clockId)
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(timespecAddress, unchecked((ulong)seconds)) ||
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(timespecAddress + sizeof(long), unchecked((ulong)nanoseconds)))
         {
-            return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
+            case ClockRealtime:
+            case ClockRealtimeFast:
+            case ClockVirtual:
+            case ClockProf:
+            {
+                var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
+                seconds = now.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
+                nanoseconds = (now.Ticks % TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond) * 100;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case ClockMonotonic:
+            case ClockMonotonicFast:
+            case ClockUptime:
+                KernelRuntimeCompatExports.GetProcessMonotonicTime(out seconds, out nanoseconds);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, Einval);
+                ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)-1);
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        Span<byte> timespecBuffer = stackalloc byte[16];
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(timespecBuffer, seconds);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(timespecBuffer[sizeof(long)..], nanoseconds);
+
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(timespecAddress, timespecBuffer))
+        {
+            KernelRuntimeCompatExports.TrySetErrno(ctx, Efault);
+            ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = unchecked((ulong)-1);
+            return -1;
         }
 
         ctx[CpuRegister.Rax] = 0;
-        return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_OK;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     [SysAbiExport(

src/SharpEmu.Libs/Kernel/KernelRuntimeCompatExports.cs

@@ -194,13 +194,14 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         }
         else
         {
-            var elapsedTicks = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() - _processStartCounter;
+            GetProcessMonotonicTime(out seconds, out nanoseconds);
-            seconds = elapsedTicks / Stopwatch.Frequency;
-            nanoseconds = (elapsedTicks % Stopwatch.Frequency) * 1_000_000_000L / Stopwatch.Frequency;
         }
 
-        if (!ctx.TryWriteUInt64(timeAddress, unchecked((ulong)seconds)) ||
+        Span<byte> timespecBuffer = stackalloc byte[16];
-            !ctx.TryWriteUInt64(timeAddress + sizeof(long), unchecked((ulong)nanoseconds)))
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(timespecBuffer, seconds);
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64LittleEndian(timespecBuffer[sizeof(long)..], nanoseconds);
+
+        if (!ctx.Memory.TryWrite(timeAddress, timespecBuffer))
         {
             return (int)OrbisGen2Result.ORBIS_GEN2_ERROR_MEMORY_FAULT;
         }
@@ -617,6 +618,13 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
         return address != 0 && ctx.TryWriteInt32(address, value);
     }
 
+    internal static void GetProcessMonotonicTime(out long seconds, out long nanoseconds)
+    {
+        var elapsedTicks = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() - _processStartCounter;
+        seconds = elapsedTicks / Stopwatch.Frequency;
+        nanoseconds = (elapsedTicks % Stopwatch.Frequency) * 1_000_000_000L / Stopwatch.Frequency;
+    }
+
     [SysAbiExport(
         Nid = "bnZxYgAFeA0",
         ExportName = "sceKernelGetSanitizerNewReplaceExternal",
@@ -1713,7 +1721,7 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
                 return null;
             }
 
-            Span<byte> stub = stackalloc byte[]
+            ReadOnlySpan<byte> stub = stackalloc byte[]
             {
                 0x0F, 0x31,
                 0x48, 0xC1, 0xE2, 0x20,
@@ -1721,7 +1729,14 @@ public static class KernelRuntimeCompatExports
                 0xC3,
             };
 
-            Marshal.Copy(stub.ToArray(), 0, stubAddress, stub.Length);
+            unsafe
+            {
+                fixed (byte* src = stub)
+                {
+                    Buffer.MemoryCopy(src, (void*)stubAddress, stub.Length, stub.Length);
+                }
+            }
+
             return Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<RdtscDelegate>(stubAddress);
         }
         catch