Closes: [BS-3358](https://linear.app/affine-design/issue/BS-3358/remark-callout-plugin)
Closes: [BS-3247](https://linear.app/affine-design/issue/BS-3247/callout-markdown-adapter-适配)
<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
## Summary by CodeRabbit
- **New Features**
- Added support for callout blocks in Markdown, enabling recognition and conversion of callout syntax (e.g., `[!emoji]`) to and from block structures.
- **Bug Fixes**
- Improved handling to distinguish callout blocks from regular blockquotes and paragraphs during Markdown processing.
- **Tests**
- Introduced comprehensive tests for callout block serialization, deserialization, and plugin behavior to ensure correct Markdown handling.
- **Chores**
- Added a new dependency for Markdown AST traversal.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
To close [BS-2870](https://linear.app/affine-design/issue/BS-2870/支持识别-和-[-包裹内容为公式)
## Add Markdown Preprocessor Extension and Enhanced LaTeX Support
### Markdown Preprocessor Extension
This PR introduces a new preprocessor extension for Markdown adapters that allows preprocessing of content before conversion:
Adds a new PreprocessorManager for handling text transformations
Introduces extensible preprocessor interface that supports different processing levels (block/slice/doc)
Integrates preprocessor extension into the existing Markdown adapter workflow
### LaTeX Support Enhancement
Extends LaTeX support to handle both traditional and alternative syntax:
Adds support for backslash LaTeX syntax:
Block math: ```\[...\] ``` alongside existing ```$$...$$```
Inline math: ```\(...\) ``` alongside existing ```$...$```
Implements LaTeX preprocessor to standardize syntax before conversion
Updates tests to cover both syntax variants
donteatfriedrice