diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/__tests__/copilot/transcript-contract.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/__tests__/copilot/transcript-contract.spec.ts
index 4caf0504e9..3aa3981ee7 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/__tests__/copilot/transcript-contract.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/__tests__/copilot/transcript-contract.spec.ts
@@ -137,6 +137,21 @@ function createSuccessfulTranscriptBridge(
   };
 }
 
+function createCopilotTranscriptionService(...deps: unknown[]) {
+  return new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+    deps[0] as never,
+    deps[1] as never,
+    deps[2] as never,
+    deps[3] as never,
+    deps[4] as never,
+    deps[5] as never,
+    (deps[6] ?? {
+      assertQuotaOrByok: Sinon.stub().resolves(undefined),
+    }) as never,
+    (deps[7] ?? { publish: Sinon.stub() }) as never
+  );
+}
+
 test('queryTask hides ready transcript task result until settlement', async t => {
   const payload = TranscriptPayloadSchema.parse({
     infos: [
@@ -148,7 +163,7 @@ test('queryTask hides ready transcript task result until settlement', async t =>
     ],
     normalizedTranscript: '00:00:05 A: Kickoff',
   });
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -181,7 +196,7 @@ test('settleTask unlocks ready transcript task result idempotently', async t =>
     status: 'settled',
     protectedResult: payload,
   });
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -216,7 +231,7 @@ test('settleTask checks copilot quota before unlocking ready task', async t => {
     protectedResult: payload,
   });
   const assertQuotaOrByok = Sinon.stub().rejects(new Error('quota exceeded'));
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -248,7 +263,7 @@ test('settleTask checks copilot quota before unlocking ready task', async t => {
 });
 
 test('retryTask rejects ready transcript tasks', async t => {
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -272,7 +287,7 @@ test('retryTask rejects ready transcript tasks', async t => {
 });
 
 test('retryTask rejects settled transcript tasks', async t => {
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -306,7 +321,7 @@ test('retryTask reuses failed task and queues a new action attempt', async t =>
     summaryJson: null,
     providerMeta: { provider: 'gemini', model: 'gemini-2.5-flash' },
   });
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -352,7 +367,7 @@ test('retryTask prechecks quota or BYOK before queueing provider work', async t
   const payload = TranscriptPayloadSchema.parse({
     normalizedTranscript: '00:00:05 A: Kickoff',
   });
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -391,7 +406,7 @@ for (const status of ['ready', 'settled']) {
   test(`submitTask allows a new task for the same blob after ${status} task`, async t => {
     const createdTasks: unknown[] = [];
     const queuedJobs: unknown[] = [];
-    const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+    const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
       {
         copilotTranscriptTask: {
           getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -439,7 +454,7 @@ for (const status of ['ready', 'settled']) {
 test('submitTask prechecks quota or BYOK before persisting uploads', async t => {
   const assertQuotaOrByok = Sinon.stub().rejects(new Error('quota exceeded'));
   const resolveTranscriptionModel = Sinon.stub().resolves('gemini-2.5-flash');
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves(null),
@@ -468,7 +483,7 @@ test('submitTask prechecks quota or BYOK before persisting uploads', async t =>
 });
 
 test('submitTask rejects unavailable transcript strategy', async t => {
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         getWithUser: Sinon.stub().resolves(null),
@@ -515,7 +530,7 @@ test('transcriptTask runs native transcript recipe through action bridge when av
   const bridgeInputs: unknown[] = [];
   const markRunning = Sinon.stub().resolves({ id: 'task-1' });
   const complete = Sinon.stub().resolves({ id: 'task-1', status: 'ready' });
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         get: Sinon.stub().resolves({
@@ -586,7 +601,7 @@ test('transcriptTask fails task when native action bridge reports an error event
     normalizedTranscript: '00:00:05 A: Kickoff',
   });
   const complete = Sinon.stub().resolves({ id: 'task-1', status: 'failed' });
-  const service = new CopilotTranscriptionService(
+  const service = createCopilotTranscriptionService(
     {
       copilotTranscriptTask: {
         get: Sinon.stub().resolves({
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/app.module.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/app.module.ts
index df1cf97fcb..48d29f683e 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/app.module.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/app.module.ts
@@ -185,7 +185,10 @@ export function buildAppModule(env: Env) {
     .useIf(
       () => env.flavors.sync || env.flavors.front,
       SyncModule,
-      TelemetryModule,
+      TelemetryModule
+    )
+    .useIf(
+      () => !env.flavors.graphql && (env.flavors.sync || env.flavors.front),
       CopilotRealtimeModule
     )
     // graphql server only
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/realtime.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/realtime.ts
index f6ce858a43..49d67b42f9 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/realtime.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/realtime.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-import { Injectable, OnModuleInit, Optional } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import { decodeWithJson, encodeWithJson } from '../../base/graphql';
 import { AccessController } from '../permission';
 import {
   realtimeCommentRoom,
-  type RealtimePublisher,
-  type RealtimeRegistry,
+  RealtimePublisher,
+  RealtimeRegistry,
   registerRealtimeLiveQuery,
 } from '../realtime';
 import type { CommentCursor } from './resolver';
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export class CommentRealtimeProvider implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly service: CommentService,
     private readonly ac: AccessController,
-    @Optional() private readonly registry?: RealtimeRegistry
+    private readonly registry: RealtimeRegistry
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit() {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/resolver.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/resolver.ts
index 1ae35871cc..ba5dc547a2 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/resolver.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/core/comment/resolver.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 
-import { Optional } from '@nestjs/common';
 import {
   Args,
   Mutation,
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ import { Comment, DocMode, Models, Reply } from '../../models';
 import { CurrentUser } from '../auth/session';
 import { ServerFeature, ServerService } from '../config';
 import { AccessController, DocAction } from '../permission';
-import type { RealtimePublisher } from '../realtime';
+import { RealtimePublisher } from '../realtime';
 import { CommentAttachmentStorage } from '../storage';
 import { UserType } from '../user';
 import { WorkspaceType } from '../workspaces';
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ export class CommentResolver {
     private readonly queue: JobQueue,
     private readonly models: Models,
     private readonly server: ServerService,
-    @Optional() private readonly realtime?: RealtimePublisher
+    private readonly realtime: RealtimePublisher
   ) {
     // enable comment feature by default
     this.server.enableFeature(ServerFeature.Comment);
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/realtime.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/realtime.ts
index 9cda7bfa1f..90c9812f7c 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/realtime.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/realtime.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import { Injectable, OnModuleInit, Optional } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import {
   realtimeNotificationRoom,
-  type RealtimeRegistry,
+  RealtimeRegistry,
   registerRealtimeLiveQuery,
 } from '../realtime';
 import { NotificationService } from './service';
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { NotificationService } from './service';
 export class NotificationRealtimeProvider implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly service: NotificationService,
-    @Optional() private readonly registry?: RealtimeRegistry
+    private readonly registry: RealtimeRegistry
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit() {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/service.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/service.ts
index 131a9e79ec..fa50273c7d 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/service.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/core/notification/service.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Injectable, Logger, Optional } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Prisma } from '@prisma/client';
 
 import { NotificationNotFound, PaginationInput, URLHelper } from '../../base';
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ import {
 } from '../../models';
 import { DocReader } from '../doc';
 import { Mailer } from '../mail';
-import type { RealtimePublisher } from '../realtime';
-import { realtimeNotificationRoom } from '../realtime';
+import { realtimeNotificationRoom, RealtimePublisher } from '../realtime';
 import { generateDocPath } from '../utils/doc';
 import {
   generateWorkspaceSettingsPath,
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ export class NotificationService {
     private readonly docReader: DocReader,
     private readonly mailer: Mailer,
     private readonly url: URLHelper,
-    @Optional() private readonly realtime?: RealtimePublisher
+    private readonly realtime: RealtimePublisher
   ) {}
 
   async cleanExpiredNotifications() {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/__tests__/registry.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/__tests__/registry.spec.ts
index 8bcb28cd4a..aff9cc4f0d 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/__tests__/registry.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/__tests__/registry.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import { z } from 'zod';
 import type { CopilotTranscriptionReader } from '../../../plugins/copilot/transcript';
 import { CopilotTranscriptRealtimeProvider } from '../../../plugins/copilot/transcript';
 import type { CurrentUser } from '../../auth';
+import { CommentRealtimeProvider } from '../../comment/realtime';
+import { NotificationRealtimeProvider } from '../../notification/realtime';
 import type { AccessController } from '../../permission';
 import { RealtimeGateway } from '../gateway';
 import {
@@ -194,6 +196,26 @@ test('registerRealtimeLiveQuery registers paired request and topic handlers', as
   );
 });
 
+test('realtime providers expose runtime injection metadata for registry dependencies', t => {
+  t.true(
+    Reflect.getMetadata(
+      'design:paramtypes',
+      NotificationRealtimeProvider
+    ).includes(RealtimeRegistry)
+  );
+  t.true(
+    Reflect.getMetadata('design:paramtypes', CommentRealtimeProvider).includes(
+      RealtimeRegistry
+    )
+  );
+  t.true(
+    Reflect.getMetadata(
+      'design:paramtypes',
+      CopilotTranscriptRealtimeProvider
+    ).includes(RealtimeRegistry)
+  );
+});
+
 test('copilot transcript realtime provider registers task live query handlers', async t => {
   const registry = new RealtimeRegistry();
   const assertions: unknown[] = [];
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/provider.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/provider.ts
index ff7f855dd1..7eb914b9eb 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/core/realtime/provider.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { RealtimeRequestName, RealtimeTopicName } from '@affine/realtime';
 
-import type { RealtimeRegistry } from './registry';
+import { RealtimeRegistry } from './registry';
 import type { RealtimeRequestHandler, RealtimeTopicHandler } from './types';
 
 export type RealtimeLiveQueryDefinition<
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ export function registerRealtimeLiveQuery<
   Request extends RealtimeRequestName,
   Topic extends RealtimeTopicName,
 >(
-  registry: RealtimeRegistry | undefined,
+  registry: RealtimeRegistry,
   definition: RealtimeLiveQueryDefinition<Request, Topic>
 ) {
-  registry?.registerRequest(definition.request);
-  registry?.registerTopic(definition.topic);
+  registry.registerRequest(definition.request);
+  registry.registerTopic(definition.topic);
 }
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/context/realtime.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/context/realtime.ts
index 27a835e45a..23648f6219 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/context/realtime.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/context/realtime.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Injectable, OnModuleInit, Optional } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import { OnEvent } from '../../../base';
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ export class CopilotEmbeddingRealtimeProvider implements OnModuleInit {
     private readonly ac: AccessController,
     private readonly models: Models,
     private readonly context: CopilotContextService,
-    @Optional() private readonly registry?: RealtimeRegistry,
-    @Optional() private readonly publisher?: RealtimePublisher
+    private readonly registry: RealtimeRegistry,
+    private readonly publisher: RealtimePublisher
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit() {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/realtime.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/realtime.ts
index 384e79d85c..e6f5ca19d0 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/realtime.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/realtime.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import { Injectable, OnModuleInit, Optional } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Injectable, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import { CopilotTranscriptionJobNotFound } from '../../../base';
 import { AccessController } from '../../../core/permission';
 import {
-  type RealtimeRegistry,
+  RealtimeRegistry,
   realtimeTranscriptTaskRoom,
   registerRealtimeLiveQuery,
 } from '../../../core/realtime';
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export class CopilotTranscriptRealtimeProvider implements OnModuleInit {
   constructor(
     private readonly ac: AccessController,
     private readonly transcript: CopilotTranscriptionReader,
-    @Optional() private readonly registry?: RealtimeRegistry
+    private readonly registry: RealtimeRegistry
   ) {}
 
   onModuleInit() {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/service.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/service.ts
index 0cf0989d31..10d59f9e2f 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/service.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/plugins/copilot/transcript/service.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { BadRequestException, Injectable, Optional } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { BadRequestException, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { AiJobStatus } from '@prisma/client';
 
 import {
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   sniffMime,
 } from '../../../base';
 import {
-  type RealtimePublisher,
+  RealtimePublisher,
   realtimeTranscriptTaskRoom,
 } from '../../../core/realtime';
 import { Models } from '../../../models';
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ export class CopilotTranscriptionService {
     private readonly tasks: TaskPolicy,
     private readonly prompts: PromptService,
     private readonly actionBridge: ActionRuntimeBridge,
-    @Optional() private readonly access?: CopilotAccessPolicy,
-    @Optional() private readonly realtime?: RealtimePublisher
+    private readonly access: CopilotAccessPolicy,
+    private readonly realtime: RealtimePublisher
   ) {}
 
   private parseTaskPayload(payload: unknown): TranscriptionPayloadV2 {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ export class CopilotTranscriptionService {
       throw new CopilotTranscriptionJobExists();
     }
 
-    await this.access?.assertQuotaOrByok({
+    await this.access.assertQuotaOrByok({
       userId,
       workspaceId,
       featureKind: 'transcript',
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ export class CopilotTranscriptionService {
       );
     }
 
-    await this.access?.assertQuotaOrByok({
+    await this.access.assertQuotaOrByok({
       userId,
       workspaceId,
       featureKind: 'transcript',
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ export class CopilotTranscriptionService {
       return taskToJob(task);
     }
 
-    await this.access?.assertQuotaOrByok({
+    await this.access.assertQuotaOrByok({
       userId,
       workspaceId,
       featureKind: 'transcript',
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ export class CopilotTranscriptionService {
     status: AiJobStatus,
     error?: string
   ) {
-    this.realtime?.publish(
+    this.realtime.publish(
       'copilot.transcript.task.changed',
       { workspaceId, taskId },
       { taskId, status, error },