diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-source.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-source.ts
index 566bf80bd5..19d1d51d54 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-source.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-source.ts
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ export class BlockQueryDataSource extends DataSourceBase {
       type ?? propertyPresets.multiSelectPropertyConfig.type
     ].create(this.newColumnName());
 
-    const id = doc.generateBlockId();
+    const id = doc.collection.idGenerator();
     if (this.block.columns.some(v => v.id === id)) {
       return id;
     }
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-view-model.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-view-model.ts
index 24007a3ecc..d18135084e 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-view-model.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-data-view/src/data-view-model.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export class DataViewBlockModel extends BlockModel<Props> {
   }
 
   duplicateView(id: string): string {
-    const newId = this.doc.generateBlockId();
+    const newId = this.doc.collection.idGenerator();
     this.doc.transact(() => {
       const index = this.views.findIndex(v => v.id === id);
       const view = this.views[index];
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/data-source.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/data-source.ts
index 8e2ae60794..79e2f50f28 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/data-source.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/data-source.ts
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ export const databaseViewInitTemplate = (
     const rowId = model.doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new model.doc.Text(`Task ${i + 1}`),
+        text: new Text(`Task ${i + 1}`),
       },
       model.id
     );
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/utils/block-utils.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/utils/block-utils.ts
index d332c8bbab..bc889769bd 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/utils/block-utils.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-database/src/utils/block-utils.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export function addProperty(
     id?: string;
   }
 ): string {
-  const id = column.id ?? model.doc.generateBlockId();
+  const id = column.id ?? model.doc.collection.idGenerator();
   if (model.columns.some(v => v.id === id)) {
     return id;
   }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export function deleteView(model: DatabaseBlockModel, id: string) {
 }
 
 export function duplicateView(model: DatabaseBlockModel, id: string): string {
-  const newId = model.doc.generateBlockId();
+  const newId = model.doc.collection.idGenerator();
   model.doc.transact(() => {
     const index = model.views.findIndex(v => v.id === id);
     const view = model.views[index];
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/common/render-linked-doc.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/common/render-linked-doc.ts
index b4f0dc6058..dd47c03e4f 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/common/render-linked-doc.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/common/render-linked-doc.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   type DraftModel,
   type Query,
   Slice,
+  Text,
 } from '@blocksuite/store';
 import { render, type TemplateResult } from 'lit';
 
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ export function createLinkedDocFromSlice(
   const linkedDoc = doc.collection.createDoc({});
   linkedDoc.load(() => {
     const rootId = linkedDoc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(docTitle),
+      title: new Text(docTitle),
     });
     linkedDoc.addBlock('affine:surface', {}, rootId);
     const noteId = linkedDoc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-linked-doc-block/embed-linked-doc-block.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-linked-doc-block/embed-linked-doc-block.ts
index 0ecf25d3e3..8cc68c0708 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-linked-doc-block/embed-linked-doc-block.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-linked-doc-block/embed-linked-doc-block.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
   referenceToNode,
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
 import { Bound, throttle } from '@blocksuite/global/utils';
+import { Text } from '@blocksuite/store';
 import { computed } from '@preact/signals-core';
 import { html, nothing } from 'lit';
 import { property, queryAsync, state } from 'lit/decorators.js';
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ export class EmbedLinkedDocBlockComponent extends EmbedBlockComponent<EmbedLinke
         ...this.referenceInfo$.peek(),
       },
     });
-    const text = new doc.Text(yText);
+    const text = new Text(yText);
 
     doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-synced-doc-block/embed-synced-doc-block.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-synced-doc-block/embed-synced-doc-block.ts
index 7a746017d8..5e12c70b15 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-synced-doc-block/embed-synced-doc-block.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-embed/src/embed-synced-doc-block/embed-synced-doc-block.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import {
   BlockViewType,
   type GetDocOptions,
   type Query,
+  Text,
 } from '@blocksuite/store';
 import { computed } from '@preact/signals-core';
 import { html, type PropertyValues } from 'lit';
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ export class EmbedSyncedDocBlockComponent extends EmbedBlockComponent<EmbedSynce
         ...this.referenceInfo,
       },
     });
-    const text = new doc.Text(yText);
+    const text = new Text(yText);
 
     doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/block-paragraph/src/commands/append-paragraph.ts b/blocksuite/affine/block-paragraph/src/commands/append-paragraph.ts
index 5671ffef67..3489fc9cc7 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/block-paragraph/src/commands/append-paragraph.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/block-paragraph/src/commands/append-paragraph.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { focusTextModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-components/rich-text';
 import { getLastNoteBlock } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
 import type { Command } from '@blocksuite/block-std';
+import { Text } from '@blocksuite/store';
 
 /**
  * Append a paragraph block at the end of the whole page.
@@ -19,11 +20,7 @@ export const appendParagraphCommand: Command<
   if (!noteId) {
     noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, doc.root.id);
   }
-  const id = doc.addBlock(
-    'affine:paragraph',
-    { text: new doc.Text(text) },
-    noteId
-  );
+  const id = doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', { text: new Text(text) }, noteId);
 
   focusTextModel(std, id, text.length);
   next();
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/utils/model/doc.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/utils/model/doc.ts
index 999b9d33ca..e1ad250910 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/utils/model/doc.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/utils/model/doc.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { Workspace } from '@blocksuite/store';
+import { Text } from '@blocksuite/store';
 
 export function createDefaultDoc(
   collection: Workspace,
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ export function createDefaultDoc(
   doc.load();
   const title = options.title ?? '';
   const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-    title: new doc.Text(title),
+    title: new Text(title),
   });
   collection.meta.setDocMeta(doc.id, {
     title,
diff --git a/blocksuite/blocks/src/__tests__/database/database.unit.spec.ts b/blocksuite/blocks/src/__tests__/database/database.unit.spec.ts
index a93dafcde1..8fd722853e 100644
--- a/blocksuite/blocks/src/__tests__/database/database.unit.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/blocks/src/__tests__/database/database.unit.spec.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
 import { propertyModelPresets } from '@blocksuite/data-view/property-pure-presets';
 import type { BlockModel, Blocks } from '@blocksuite/store';
-import { Schema } from '@blocksuite/store';
+import { Schema, Text } from '@blocksuite/store';
 import {
   createAutoIncrementIdGenerator,
   TestWorkspace,
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ describe('DatabaseManager', () => {
     doc = createTestDoc();
 
     rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text('database test'),
+      title: new Text('database test'),
     });
     noteBlockId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
 
@@ -114,14 +114,14 @@ describe('DatabaseManager', () => {
     p1 = doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text('text1'),
+        text: new Text('text1'),
       },
       databaseBlockId
     );
     p2 = doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text('text2'),
+        text: new Text('text2'),
       },
       databaseBlockId
     );
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ describe('DatabaseManager', () => {
     const modelId = doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text('paragraph'),
+        text: new Text('paragraph'),
       },
       noteBlockId
     );
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ describe('DatabaseManager', () => {
     const newRowId = doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text('text3'),
+        text: new Text('text3'),
       },
       databaseBlockId
     );
diff --git a/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/element-toolbar/more-menu/render-linked-doc.ts b/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/element-toolbar/more-menu/render-linked-doc.ts
index 1bc5e4d02c..3c59d1bfda 100644
--- a/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/element-toolbar/more-menu/render-linked-doc.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/element-toolbar/more-menu/render-linked-doc.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { DocModeProvider } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/services';
 import { getBlockProps } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
 import type { EditorHost } from '@blocksuite/block-std';
 import { GfxBlockElementModel } from '@blocksuite/block-std/gfx';
-import { type BlockModel, type Blocks } from '@blocksuite/store';
+import { type BlockModel, type Blocks, Text } from '@blocksuite/store';
 
 import {
   getElementProps,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export function createLinkedDocFromNote(
   const linkedDoc = doc.collection.createDoc({});
   linkedDoc.load(() => {
     const rootId = linkedDoc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(docTitle),
+      title: new Text(docTitle),
     });
     linkedDoc.addBlock('affine:surface', {}, rootId);
     const blockProps = getBlockProps(note);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export function createLinkedDocFromEdgelessElements(
   const linkedDoc = host.doc.collection.createDoc({});
   linkedDoc.load(() => {
     const rootId = linkedDoc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new host.doc.Text(docTitle),
+      title: new Text(docTitle),
     });
     const surfaceId = linkedDoc.addBlock('affine:surface', {}, rootId);
     const surface = getSurfaceBlock(linkedDoc);
diff --git a/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/embed-card-toolbar/embed-card-toolbar.ts b/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/embed-card-toolbar/embed-card-toolbar.ts
index f604b4e7c0..5acdfc1d95 100644
--- a/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/embed-card-toolbar/embed-card-toolbar.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/embed-card-toolbar/embed-card-toolbar.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ import {
 } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/services';
 import { getHostName, referenceToNode } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
 import { type BlockStdScope, WidgetComponent } from '@blocksuite/block-std';
-import { type BlockModel } from '@blocksuite/store';
+import { type BlockModel, Text } from '@blocksuite/store';
 import { autoUpdate, computePosition, flip, offset } from '@floating-ui/dom';
 import { html, nothing, type TemplateResult } from 'lit';
 import { query, state } from 'lit/decorators.js';
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ export class EmbedCardToolbar extends WidgetComponent<
     const insert = title || caption || url;
     yText.insert(0, insert);
     yText.format(0, insert.length, { link: url });
-    const text = new doc.Text(yText);
+    const text = new Text(yText);
     doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
diff --git a/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/slash-menu/config.ts b/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/slash-menu/config.ts
index 929b343d01..84499fb5c4 100644
--- a/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/slash-menu/config.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/blocks/src/root-block/widgets/slash-menu/config.ts
@@ -709,9 +709,7 @@ export const defaultSlashMenuConfig: SlashMenuConfig = {
           model.flavour as never,
           {
             type: (model as ParagraphBlockModel).type,
-            text: new rootComponent.doc.Text(
-              model.text.toDelta() as DeltaInsert[]
-            ),
+            text: new Text(model.text.toDelta() as DeltaInsert[]),
             // @ts-expect-error FIXME: ts error
             checked: model.checked,
           },
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/__tests__/collection.unit.spec.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/__tests__/collection.unit.spec.ts
index fea9304cf9..772acc47cf 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/__tests__/collection.unit.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/__tests__/collection.unit.spec.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { applyUpdate, encodeStateAsUpdate } from 'yjs';
 import { COLLECTION_VERSION, PAGE_VERSION } from '../consts.js';
 import type { BlockModel, Blocks, BlockSchemaType } from '../index.js';
 import { Schema } from '../index.js';
+import { Text } from '../reactive/text.js';
 import type { DocMeta } from '../store/workspace.js';
 import { TestWorkspace } from '../test/test-workspace.js';
 import { createAutoIncrementIdGenerator } from '../utils/id-generator.js';
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ describe('basic', () => {
 
     doc.load(() => {
       const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new Text(),
       });
       expect(rootAddedCallback).toBeCalledTimes(1);
 
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ describe('basic', () => {
     });
     doc.load(() => {
       doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new Text(),
       });
     });
     {
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ describe('addBlock', () => {
   it('can add single model', () => {
     const doc = createTestDoc();
     doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new Text(),
     });
 
     assert.deepEqual(serializCollection(doc.rootDoc).spaces[spaceId].blocks, {
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ describe('addBlock', () => {
 
   it('can add model with props', () => {
     const doc = createTestDoc();
-    doc.addBlock('affine:page', { title: new doc.Text('hello') });
+    doc.addBlock('affine:page', { title: new Text('hello') });
 
     assert.deepEqual(serializCollection(doc.rootDoc).spaces[spaceId].blocks, {
       '0': {
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ describe('addBlock', () => {
   it('can add multi models', () => {
     const doc = createTestDoc();
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new Text(),
     });
     const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', {}, noteId);
@@ -344,7 +345,7 @@ describe('addBlock', () => {
 
     queueMicrotask(() =>
       doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new Text(),
       })
     );
     const blockId = await waitOnce(doc.slots.rootAdded);
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@ describe('addBlock', () => {
     assert.equal(collection.docs.size, 2);
 
     doc0.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc0.Text(),
+      title: new Text(),
     });
     collection.removeDoc(doc0.id);
 
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/doc.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/doc.ts
index 163070e6ba..d3a0c02a25 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/doc.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/doc.ts
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ import { signal } from '@preact/signals-core';
 import type { BlockModel, Schema } from '../../schema/index.js';
 import type { DraftModel } from '../../transformer/index.js';
 import { syncBlockProps } from '../../utils/utils.js';
+import type { BlockProps, Doc } from '../workspace.js';
 import type { BlockOptions } from './block/index.js';
 import { Block } from './block/index.js';
-import type { BlockCollection, BlockProps } from './block-collection.js';
 import { DocCRUD } from './crud.js';
 import { type Query, runQuery } from './query.js';
 
 type DocOptions = {
   schema: Schema;
-  blockCollection: BlockCollection;
+  blockCollection: Doc;
   readonly?: boolean;
   query?: Query;
 };
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export class Blocks {
     runQuery(this._query, block);
   };
 
-  protected readonly _blockCollection: BlockCollection;
+  protected readonly _blockCollection: Doc;
 
   protected readonly _blocks = signal<Record<string, Block>>({});
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export class Blocks {
 
   protected readonly _schema: Schema;
 
-  readonly slots: BlockCollection['slots'] & {
+  readonly slots: Doc['slots'] & {
     /** This is always triggered after `doc.load` is called. */
     ready: Slot;
     /**
@@ -179,10 +179,6 @@ export class Blocks {
     return this._blockCollection.collection;
   }
 
-  get generateBlockId() {
-    return this._blockCollection.generateBlockId.bind(this._blockCollection);
-  }
-
   get history() {
     return this._blockCollection.history;
   }
@@ -250,10 +246,6 @@ export class Blocks {
     return this._blockCollection.spaceDoc;
   }
 
-  get Text() {
-    return this._blockCollection.Text;
-  }
-
   get transact() {
     return this._blockCollection.transact.bind(this._blockCollection);
   }
@@ -432,7 +424,7 @@ export class Blocks {
       );
     }
 
-    const id = blockProps.id ?? this._blockCollection.generateBlockId();
+    const id = blockProps.id ?? this._blockCollection.collection.idGenerator();
 
     this.transact(() => {
       this._crud.addBlock(
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/index.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/index.ts
index 23a3433563..4b1647494a 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 export * from './block/index.js';
-export * from './block-collection.js';
 export * from './consts.js';
 export * from './doc.js';
 export * from './query.js';
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/index.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/index.ts
index 6afb07b43c..f3b3850ff8 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-export type * from './doc/block-collection.js';
 export * from './doc/index.js';
 export * from './meta.js';
 export * from './workspace.js';
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/workspace.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/workspace.ts
index 312e7aeb28..209f31d7d3 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/workspace.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/workspace.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import type { Slot } from '@blocksuite/global/utils';
 import type { BlobEngine, DocEngine } from '@blocksuite/sync';
+import type * as Y from 'yjs';
 
+import type { BlockModel } from '../schema/base.js';
 import type { Schema } from '../schema/schema.js';
 import type { IdGenerator } from '../utils/id-generator.js';
 import type { AwarenessStore } from '../yjs/awareness.js';
 import type { BlockSuiteDoc } from '../yjs/doc.js';
+import type { YBlock } from './doc/block/types.js';
 import type { Blocks } from './doc/doc.js';
-import type { BlockCollection } from './doc/index.js';
 import type { Query } from './doc/query.js';
 
 export type Tag = {
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ export interface Workspace {
 
   get schema(): Schema;
   get doc(): BlockSuiteDoc;
-  get docs(): Map<string, BlockCollection>;
+  get docs(): Map<string, Doc>;
 
   slots: {
     docListUpdated: Slot;
@@ -85,6 +87,77 @@ export interface Workspace {
   dispose(): void;
 }
 
+export interface Doc {
+  readonly id: string;
+  get meta(): DocMeta | undefined;
+  get schema(): Schema;
+
+  remove(): void;
+  load(initFn?: () => void): void;
+  get ready(): boolean;
+  dispose(): void;
+
+  slots: {
+    historyUpdated: Slot;
+    yBlockUpdated: Slot<
+      | {
+          type: 'add';
+          id: string;
+        }
+      | {
+          type: 'delete';
+          id: string;
+        }
+    >;
+  };
+
+  get canRedo(): boolean;
+  get canUndo(): boolean;
+  undo(): void;
+  redo(): void;
+  resetHistory(): void;
+  transact(fn: () => void, shouldTransact?: boolean): void;
+  withoutTransact(fn: () => void): void;
+
+  captureSync(): void;
+  clear(): void;
+  getDoc(options?: GetDocOptions): Blocks;
+  clearQuery(query: Query, readonly?: boolean): void;
+
+  get history(): Y.UndoManager;
+  get loaded(): boolean;
+  get readonly(): boolean;
+  get awarenessStore(): AwarenessStore;
+
+  get collection(): Workspace;
+
+  get rootDoc(): BlockSuiteDoc;
+  get spaceDoc(): Y.Doc;
+  get yBlocks(): Y.Map<YBlock>;
+}
+
 export interface StackItem {
   meta: Map<'selection-state', unknown>;
 }
+
+export type YBlocks = Y.Map<YBlock>;
+
+/** JSON-serializable properties of a block */
+export type BlockSysProps = {
+  id: string;
+  flavour: string;
+  children?: BlockModel[];
+};
+export type BlockProps = BlockSysProps & Record<string, unknown>;
+
+declare global {
+  namespace BlockSuite {
+    interface BlockModels {}
+
+    type Flavour = string & keyof BlockModels;
+
+    type ModelProps<Model> = Partial<
+      Model extends BlockModel<infer U> ? U : never
+    >;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/index.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/index.ts
index 5d61ea21bf..8747323132 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/index.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/index.ts
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 export { createAutoIncrementIdGenerator } from '../utils/id-generator.js';
+export * from './test-doc.js';
 export * from './test-workspace.js';
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/block-collection.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/test-doc.ts
similarity index 85%
rename from blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/block-collection.ts
rename to blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/test-doc.ts
index 1000b2f912..cc45e05242 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/store/doc/block-collection.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/test-doc.ts
@@ -1,36 +1,21 @@
 import { type Disposable, Slot } from '@blocksuite/global/utils';
 import { signal } from '@preact/signals-core';
-import { uuidv4 } from 'lib0/random.js';
 import * as Y from 'yjs';
 
-import { Text } from '../../reactive/text.js';
-import type { BlockModel } from '../../schema/base.js';
-import type { IdGenerator } from '../../utils/id-generator.js';
-import type { AwarenessStore, BlockSuiteDoc } from '../../yjs/index.js';
-import type { GetDocOptions, Workspace } from '../workspace.js';
-import { Blocks } from './doc.js';
-import type { YBlock } from './index.js';
-import type { Query } from './query.js';
-
-export type YBlocks = Y.Map<YBlock>;
-
-/** JSON-serializable properties of a block */
-export type BlockSysProps = {
-  id: string;
-  flavour: string;
-  children?: BlockModel[];
-};
-export type BlockProps = BlockSysProps & Record<string, unknown>;
+import { Blocks } from '../store/doc/doc.js';
+import type { YBlock } from '../store/doc/index.js';
+import type { Query } from '../store/doc/query.js';
+import type { Doc, GetDocOptions, Workspace } from '../store/workspace.js';
+import type { AwarenessStore, BlockSuiteDoc } from '../yjs/index.js';
 
 type DocOptions = {
   id: string;
   collection: Workspace;
   doc: BlockSuiteDoc;
   awarenessStore: AwarenessStore;
-  idGenerator?: IdGenerator;
 };
 
-export class BlockCollection {
+export class TestDoc implements Doc {
   private _awarenessUpdateDisposable: Disposable | null = null;
 
   private readonly _canRedo$ = signal(false);
@@ -57,8 +42,6 @@ export class BlockCollection {
     this.slots.historyUpdated.emit();
   };
 
-  private readonly _idGenerator: IdGenerator;
-
   private readonly _initSubDoc = () => {
     let subDoc = this.rootDoc.spaces.get(this.id);
     if (!subDoc) {
@@ -184,7 +167,7 @@ export class BlockCollection {
     return this.collection.meta.getDocMeta(this.id);
   }
 
-  get readonly() {
+  get readonly(): boolean {
     return this.awarenessStore.isReadonly(this);
   }
 
@@ -200,21 +183,11 @@ export class BlockCollection {
     return this._ySpaceDoc;
   }
 
-  get Text() {
-    return Text;
-  }
-
   get yBlocks() {
     return this._yBlocks;
   }
 
-  constructor({
-    id,
-    collection,
-    doc,
-    awarenessStore,
-    idGenerator = uuidv4,
-  }: DocOptions) {
+  constructor({ id, collection, doc, awarenessStore }: DocOptions) {
     this.id = id;
     this.rootDoc = doc;
     this.awarenessStore = awarenessStore;
@@ -223,7 +196,6 @@ export class BlockCollection {
 
     this._yBlocks = this._ySpaceDoc.getMap('blocks');
     this._collection = collection;
-    this._idGenerator = idGenerator;
   }
 
   private _getReadonlyKey(readonly?: boolean): 'true' | 'false' | 'undefined' {
@@ -295,7 +267,7 @@ export class BlockCollection {
     this._docMap[readonlyKey].delete(JSON.stringify(query));
   }
 
-  destroy() {
+  private _destroy() {
     this._ySpaceDoc.destroy();
     this._onLoadSlot.dispose();
     this._loaded = false;
@@ -311,10 +283,6 @@ export class BlockCollection {
     }
   }
 
-  generateBlockId() {
-    return this._idGenerator();
-  }
-
   getDoc({ readonly, query }: GetDocOptions = {}) {
     const readonlyKey = this._getReadonlyKey(readonly);
 
@@ -375,8 +343,16 @@ export class BlockCollection {
     this._history.redo();
   }
 
+  undo() {
+    if (this.readonly) {
+      console.error('cannot modify data in readonly mode');
+      return;
+    }
+    this._history.undo();
+  }
+
   remove() {
-    this.destroy();
+    this._destroy();
     this.rootDoc.spaces.delete(this.id);
   }
 
@@ -403,30 +379,9 @@ export class BlockCollection {
     );
   }
 
-  // Handle all the events that happen at _any_ level (potentially deep inside the structure).
-  undo() {
-    if (this.readonly) {
-      console.error('cannot modify data in readonly mode');
-      return;
-    }
-    this._history.undo();
-  }
-
   withoutTransact(callback: () => void) {
     this._shouldTransact = false;
     callback();
     this._shouldTransact = true;
   }
 }
-
-declare global {
-  namespace BlockSuite {
-    interface BlockModels {}
-
-    type Flavour = string & keyof BlockModels;
-
-    type ModelProps<Model> = Partial<
-      Model extends BlockModel<infer U> ? U : never
-    >;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/test-workspace.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/test-workspace.ts
index 598e9ea614..47a91a9e7a 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/test-workspace.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/test/test-workspace.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import { Awareness } from 'y-protocols/awareness.js';
 
 import type { Schema } from '../schema/index.js';
 import {
-  BlockCollection,
   type Blocks,
   type CreateDocOptions,
   DocCollectionMeta,
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ import {
   BlockSuiteDoc,
   type RawAwarenessState,
 } from '../yjs/index.js';
+import { TestDoc } from './test-doc.js';
 
 export type DocCollectionOptions = {
   schema: Schema;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export class TestWorkspace implements Workspace {
 
   readonly blobSync: BlobEngine;
 
-  readonly blockCollections = new Map<string, BlockCollection>();
+  readonly blockCollections = new Map<string, TestDoc>();
 
   readonly doc: BlockSuiteDoc;
 
@@ -154,12 +154,11 @@ export class TestWorkspace implements Workspace {
 
   private _bindDocMetaEvents() {
     this.meta.docMetaAdded.on(docId => {
-      const doc = new BlockCollection({
+      const doc = new TestDoc({
         id: docId,
         collection: this,
         doc: this.doc,
         awarenessStore: this.awarenessStore,
-        idGenerator: this.idGenerator,
       });
       this.blockCollections.set(doc.id, doc);
     });
@@ -225,8 +224,8 @@ export class TestWorkspace implements Workspace {
     this.awarenessSync.disconnect();
   }
 
-  getBlockCollection(docId: string): BlockCollection | null {
-    const space = this.docs.get(docId) as BlockCollection | undefined;
+  getBlockCollection(docId: string): TestDoc | null {
+    const space = this.docs.get(docId) as TestDoc | undefined;
     return space ?? null;
   }
 
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/utils/utils.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/utils/utils.ts
index ac08dcf203..1490f94c2a 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/utils/utils.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/utils/utils.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { native2Y } from '../reactive/index.js';
 import type { BlockModel, BlockSchema } from '../schema/base.js';
 import { internalPrimitives } from '../schema/base.js';
 import type { YBlock } from '../store/doc/block/index.js';
-import type { BlockProps } from '../store/doc/block-collection.js';
+import type { BlockProps } from '../store/workspace.js';
 
 export function syncBlockProps(
   schema: z.infer<typeof BlockSchema>,
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/yjs/awareness.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/yjs/awareness.ts
index 59662e2e43..09e9d60241 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/yjs/awareness.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/yjs/awareness.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import clonedeep from 'lodash.clonedeep';
 import merge from 'lodash.merge';
 import type { Awareness as YAwareness } from 'y-protocols/awareness.js';
 
-import type { BlockCollection } from '../store/index.js';
+import type { Doc } from '../store/index.js';
 
 export interface UserInfo {
   name: string;
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export class AwarenessStore<Flags extends BlockSuiteFlags = BlockSuiteFlags> {
     return this.awareness.getStates();
   }
 
-  isReadonly(blockCollection: BlockCollection): boolean {
+  isReadonly(blockCollection: Doc): boolean {
     const rd = this.getFlag('readonly');
     if (rd && typeof rd === 'object') {
       return Boolean((rd as Record<string, boolean>)[blockCollection.id]);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export class AwarenessStore<Flags extends BlockSuiteFlags = BlockSuiteFlags> {
     });
   }
 
-  setReadonly(blockCollection: BlockCollection, value: boolean): void {
+  setReadonly(blockCollection: Doc, value: boolean): void {
     const flags = this.getFlag('readonly') ?? {};
     this.setFlag('readonly', {
       ...flags,
diff --git a/blocksuite/presets/src/__tests__/utils/setup.ts b/blocksuite/presets/src/__tests__/utils/setup.ts
index 6280aa145c..104dfd5ef1 100644
--- a/blocksuite/presets/src/__tests__/utils/setup.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/presets/src/__tests__/utils/setup.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { effects as blocksEffects } from '@blocksuite/blocks/effects';
-import type { BlockCollection, Blocks, Job } from '@blocksuite/store';
+import type { Blocks, Job } from '@blocksuite/store';
 
 import { effects } from '../../effects.js';
 
@@ -57,9 +57,7 @@ function initCollection(collection: TestWorkspace) {
 
 async function createEditor(collection: TestWorkspace, mode: DocMode = 'page') {
   const app = document.createElement('div');
-  const blockCollection = collection.docs.values().next().value as
-    | BlockCollection
-    | undefined;
+  const blockCollection = collection.docs.values().next().value;
   assertExists(blockCollection, 'Need to create a doc first');
   const doc = blockCollection.getDoc();
   const editor = new AffineEditorContainer();
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/basic.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/basic.spec.ts
index eb089a68cf..62f5bae988 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/basic.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/basic.spec.ts
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ test(scoped`basic init with external text`, async ({ page }) => {
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text('hello'),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('hello'),
     });
     const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
 
-    const text = new doc.Text('world');
+    const text = new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('world');
     doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', { text }, note);
 
     const delta = [
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ test(scoped`basic init with external text`, async ({ page }) => {
     doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text(delta as DeltaInsert[]),
+        text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(delta as DeltaInsert[]),
       },
       note
     );
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/drag.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/drag.spec.ts
index 345c137e27..fe69220320 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/drag.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/drag.spec.ts
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ test.fixme(
       const { doc } = window;
 
       const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
       doc.addBlock('affine:surface', {}, rootId);
 
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ test.fixme(
         doc.addBlock(
           'affine:paragraph',
           {
-            text: new doc.Text(text),
+            text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(text),
           },
           noteId
         );
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/edgeless/edgeless-text.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/edgeless/edgeless-text.spec.ts
index 85f4aa164f..75a5713bc2 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/edgeless/edgeless-text.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/edgeless/edgeless-text.spec.ts
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ test('press backspace at the start of first line when edgeless text exist', asyn
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     doc.addBlock('affine:surface', {}, rootId);
     doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/embed-synced-doc.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/embed-synced-doc.spec.ts
index ab8c4e828a..547fe0382c 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/embed-synced-doc.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/embed-synced-doc.spec.ts
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ test.describe('Embed synced doc', () => {
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       const { doc, collection } = window;
       const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
 
       const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
@@ -149,14 +149,14 @@ test.describe('Embed synced doc', () => {
       const doc2 = collection.createDoc({ id: 'doc2' });
       doc2.load();
       const rootId2 = doc2.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text('Doc 2'),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Doc 2'),
       });
 
       const noteId2 = doc2.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId2);
       doc2.addBlock(
         'affine:paragraph',
         {
-          text: new doc.Text('Hello from Doc 2'),
+          text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Hello from Doc 2'),
         },
         noteId2
       );
@@ -164,14 +164,14 @@ test.describe('Embed synced doc', () => {
       const doc3 = collection.createDoc({ id: 'doc3' });
       doc3.load();
       const rootId3 = doc3.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text('Doc 3'),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Doc 3'),
       });
 
       const noteId3 = doc3.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId3);
       doc3.addBlock(
         'affine:paragraph',
         {
-          text: new doc.Text('Hello from Doc 3'),
+          text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Hello from Doc 3'),
         },
         noteId3
       );
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ test.describe('Embed synced doc', () => {
         const databaseId = doc2.addBlock(
           'affine:database',
           {
-            title: new doc2.Text('Database 1'),
+            title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Database 1'),
           },
           noteId
         );
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/format-bar.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/format-bar.spec.ts
index 8165f4766b..7c65b4b7a5 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/format-bar.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/format-bar.spec.ts
@@ -453,10 +453,10 @@ test('should format quick bar position correct at the start of second line', asy
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
-    const text = new doc.Text('a'.repeat(100));
+    const text = new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('a'.repeat(100));
     const paragraphId = doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', { text }, note);
     return paragraphId;
   });
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ test('should format bar style active correctly', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     const delta = [
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ test('should format bar style active correctly', async ({ page }) => {
       { insert: '2', attributes: { bold: true, underline: true } },
       { insert: '3', attributes: { bold: true, code: true } },
     ];
-    const text = new doc.Text(delta as DeltaInsert[]);
+    const text = new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(delta as DeltaInsert[]);
     doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', { text }, note);
   });
 
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ test('should update the format quick bar state when there is a change in keyboar
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     const delta = [
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ test('should update the format quick bar state when there is a change in keyboar
       { insert: '2', attributes: { bold: true } },
       { insert: '3', attributes: { bold: false } },
     ];
-    const text = new doc.Text(delta as DeltaInsert[]);
+    const text = new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(delta as DeltaInsert[]);
     doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', { text }, note);
   });
   await focusTitle(page);
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/link.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/link.spec.ts
index 54741227a6..0682198b16 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/link.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/link.spec.ts
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ async function createLinkBlock(page: Page, str: string, link: string) {
     ([str, link]) => {
       const { doc } = window;
       const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text('title'),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('title'),
       });
       const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
 
-      const text = new doc.Text([
+      const text = new window.$blocksuite.store.Text([
         { insert: 'Hello' },
         { insert: str, attributes: { link } },
       ]);
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/paragraph.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/paragraph.spec.ts
index ad95559f05..1b30980863 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/paragraph.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/paragraph.spec.ts
@@ -825,20 +825,20 @@ test('press arrow down should move caret to the start of line', async ({
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text('0'.repeat(100)),
+        text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('0'.repeat(100)),
       },
       note
     );
     doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text('1'),
+        text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('1'),
       },
       note
     );
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ test('press arrow up in the second line should move caret to the first line', as
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     const delta = Array.from({ length: 150 }, (_, i) => {
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ test('press arrow up in the second line should move caret to the first line', as
         ? { insert: 'i', attributes: { italic: true } }
         : { insert: 'b', attributes: { bold: true } };
     }) as DeltaInsert[];
-    const text = new doc.Text(delta);
+    const text = new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(delta);
     doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', { text }, note);
     doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', {}, note);
   });
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ test('press arrow down in indent line should not move caret to the start of line
   await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     const p1 = doc.addBlock('affine:paragraph', {}, note);
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ test('press arrow down in indent line should not move caret to the start of line
     doc.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new doc.Text('0'),
+        text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('0'),
       },
       note
     );
@@ -1003,20 +1003,22 @@ test.describe('press ArrowDown when cursor is at the last line of a block', () =
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       const { doc } = window;
       const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
       const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
       doc.addBlock(
         'affine:paragraph',
         {
-          text: new doc.Text('This is the 2nd last block.'),
+          text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(
+            'This is the 2nd last block.'
+          ),
         },
         note
       );
       doc.addBlock(
         'affine:paragraph',
         {
-          text: new doc.Text('This is the last block.'),
+          text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('This is the last block.'),
         },
         note
       );
@@ -1172,7 +1174,7 @@ test('delete at the start of paragraph (multiple notes)', async ({ page }) => {
     const { doc } = window;
 
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     doc.addBlock('affine:surface', {}, rootId);
 
@@ -1181,7 +1183,7 @@ test('delete at the start of paragraph (multiple notes)', async ({ page }) => {
       doc.addBlock(
         'affine:paragraph',
         {
-          text: new doc.Text(text),
+          text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(text),
         },
         noteId
       );
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/actions/misc.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/actions/misc.ts
index 3774b221a6..cd8f001d1f 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/actions/misc.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/actions/misc.ts
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ export async function enterPlaygroundWithList(
     ({ contents, type }: { contents: string[]; type: ListType }) => {
       const { doc } = window;
       const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
       const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/prefer-for-of
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ export async function enterPlaygroundWithList(
         doc.addBlock(
           'affine:list',
           contents.length > 0
-            ? { text: new doc.Text(contents[i]), type }
+            ? { text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(contents[i]), type }
             : { type },
           noteId
         );
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ export async function initEmptyParagraphState(page: Page, rootId?: string) {
     doc.captureSync();
     if (!rootId) {
       rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
     }
 
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ export async function initMultipleNoteWithParagraphState(
       doc.captureSync();
       if (!rootId) {
         rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-          title: new doc.Text(),
+          title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
         });
       }
 
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ export async function initEmptyEdgelessState(page: Page) {
   const ids = await page.evaluate(() => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     doc.addBlock('affine:surface', {}, rootId);
     const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
@@ -509,14 +509,14 @@ export async function initEmptyDatabaseState(page: Page, rootId?: string) {
     doc.captureSync();
     if (!rootId) {
       rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
     }
     const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     const databaseId = doc.addBlock(
       'affine:database',
       {
-        title: new doc.Text('Database 1'),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Database 1'),
       },
       noteId
     );
@@ -553,14 +553,14 @@ export async function initKanbanViewState(
       doc.captureSync();
       if (!rootId) {
         rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-          title: new doc.Text(),
+          title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
         });
       }
       const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
       const databaseId = doc.addBlock(
         'affine:database',
         {
-          title: new doc.Text('Database 1'),
+          title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Database 1'),
         },
         noteId
       );
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ export async function initKanbanViewState(
         const rowIds = config.rows.map(rowText => {
           const rowId = doc.addBlock(
             'affine:paragraph',
-            { type: 'text', text: new doc.Text(rowText) },
+            { type: 'text', text: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(rowText) },
             databaseId
           );
           return rowId;
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ export async function initKanbanViewState(
                 columnId,
                 value:
                   column.type === 'rich-text'
-                    ? new doc.Text(value as string)
+                    ? new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(value as string)
                     : value,
               });
             }
@@ -619,14 +619,14 @@ export async function initEmptyDatabaseWithParagraphState(
     doc.captureSync();
     if (!rootId) {
       rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
     }
     const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
     const databaseId = doc.addBlock(
       'affine:database',
       {
-        title: new doc.Text('Database 1'),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text('Database 1'),
       },
       noteId
     );
@@ -1326,7 +1326,7 @@ export async function initImageState(page: Page, prependParagraph = false) {
   await page.evaluate(async prepend => {
     const { doc } = window;
     const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new doc.Text(),
+      title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
     });
     const noteId = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
 
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/declare-test-window.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/declare-test-window.ts
index 84e37465ac..3bb7dde95d 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/declare-test-window.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/utils/declare-test-window.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type {
 } from '@blocksuite/block-std';
 import type { AffineEditorContainer } from '@blocksuite/presets';
 import type { StarterDebugMenu } from '@playground/apps/_common/components/starter-debug-menu.js';
-import type { BlockModel, Doc, Job, Workspace } from '@store/index.js';
+import type { BlockModel, Blocks, Job, Workspace } from '@store/index.js';
 
 declare global {
   interface Window {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ declare global {
     };
     collection: Workspace;
     blockSchema: Record<string, typeof BlockModel>;
-    doc: Doc;
+    doc: Blocks;
     debugMenu: StarterDebugMenu;
     editor: AffineEditorContainer;
     host: EditorHost;
diff --git a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/zero-width.spec.ts b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/zero-width.spec.ts
index d386969d58..4f1a80e6dc 100644
--- a/blocksuite/tests-legacy/zero-width.spec.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/tests-legacy/zero-width.spec.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ test(
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       const { doc } = window;
       const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-        title: new doc.Text(),
+        title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
       });
       const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
       doc.addBlock('affine:code', {}, note);
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ test(
       async ({ bookMarkUrl, embedUrl }) => {
         const { doc } = window;
         const rootId = doc.addBlock('affine:page', {
-          title: new doc.Text(),
+          title: new window.$blocksuite.store.Text(),
         });
         const note = doc.addBlock('affine:note', {}, rootId);
         doc.addBlock('affine:code', {}, note);
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-reference-link-helper.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-reference-link-helper.ts
index d696c54a36..98ad23f14f 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-reference-link-helper.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-reference-link-helper.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { DeltaInsert } from '@blocksuite/affine/inline';
-import type { Workspace } from '@blocksuite/affine/store';
+import { Text, type Workspace } from '@blocksuite/affine/store';
 import type { AffineTextAttributes } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/types';
 import { useCallback } from 'react';
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export function useReferenceLinkHelper(docCollection: Workspace) {
       if (!page) {
         return;
       }
-      const text = new page.Text([
+      const text = new Text([
         {
           insert: ' ',
           attributes: {
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/page-list/__tests__/use-block-suite-page-preview.spec.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/page-list/__tests__/use-block-suite-page-preview.spec.ts
index 12b6c27e79..b7b2cabc53 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/page-list/__tests__/use-block-suite-page-preview.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/page-list/__tests__/use-block-suite-page-preview.spec.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import 'fake-indexeddb/auto';
 
 import { AffineSchemas } from '@blocksuite/affine/blocks/schemas';
 import { assertExists } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/utils';
-import type { Blocks } from '@blocksuite/affine/store';
+import { type Blocks, Text } from '@blocksuite/affine/store';
 import { Schema } from '@blocksuite/store';
 import { TestWorkspace } from '@blocksuite/store/test';
 import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
     expect(page).not.toBeNull();
     assertExists(page);
     const pageBlockId = page.addBlock('affine:page', {
-      title: new page.Text(''),
+      title: new Text(''),
     });
     const frameId = page.addBlock('affine:note', {}, pageBlockId);
     page.addBlock('affine:paragraph', {}, frameId);
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ describe('useBlockSuitePagePreview', () => {
     const id = page.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new page.Text('Hello, world!'),
+        text: new Text('Hello, world!'),
       },
       page.getBlockByFlavour('affine:note')[0].id
     );
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ describe('useBlockSuitePagePreview', () => {
     page.addBlock(
       'affine:paragraph',
       {
-        text: new page.Text('First block!'),
+        text: new Text('First block!'),
       },
       page.getBlockByFlavour('affine:note')[0].id,
       0
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/doc/services/docs.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/doc/services/docs.ts
index 2e4087c365..1feb8086d4 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/doc/services/docs.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/doc/services/docs.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { DebugLogger } from '@affine/debug';
 import { Unreachable } from '@affine/env/constant';
 import type { DocMode } from '@blocksuite/affine/blocks';
 import type { DeltaInsert } from '@blocksuite/affine/inline';
+import { Text } from '@blocksuite/affine/store';
 import type { AffineTextAttributes } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/types';
 import { LiveData, ObjectPool, Service } from '@toeverything/infra';
 import { omitBy } from 'lodash-es';
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ export class DocsService extends Service {
     const { doc, release } = this.open(targetDocId);
     doc.setPriorityLoad(10);
     await doc.waitForSyncReady();
-    const text = new doc.blockSuiteDoc.Text([
+    const text = new Text([
       {
         insert: ' ',
         attributes: {
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workspace/impl/doc.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workspace/impl/doc.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..039d8bddc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workspace/impl/doc.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+import { type Disposable, Slot } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/utils';
+import {
+  type AwarenessStore,
+  Blocks,
+  type BlockSuiteDoc,
+  type Doc,
+  type GetDocOptions,
+  type Query,
+  type Workspace,
+  type YBlock,
+} from '@blocksuite/affine/store';
+import { signal } from '@preact/signals-core';
+import * as Y from 'yjs';
+
+type DocOptions = {
+  id: string;
+  collection: Workspace;
+  doc: BlockSuiteDoc;
+  awarenessStore: AwarenessStore;
+};
+
+export class DocImpl implements Doc {
+  private _awarenessUpdateDisposable: Disposable | null = null;
+
+  private readonly _canRedo = signal(false);
+
+  private readonly _canUndo = signal(false);
+
+  private readonly _collection: Workspace;
+
+  private readonly _docMap = {
+    undefined: new Map<string, Blocks>(),
+    true: new Map<string, Blocks>(),
+    false: new Map<string, Blocks>(),
+  };
+
+  // doc/space container.
+  private readonly _handleYEvents = (events: Y.YEvent<YBlock | Y.Text>[]) => {
+    events.forEach(event => this._handleYEvent(event));
+  };
+
+  private _history!: Y.UndoManager;
+
+  private readonly _historyObserver = () => {
+    this._updateCanUndoRedoSignals();
+    this.slots.historyUpdated.emit();
+  };
+
+  private readonly _initSubDoc = () => {
+    let subDoc = this.rootDoc.spaces.get(this.id);
+    if (!subDoc) {
+      subDoc = new Y.Doc({
+        guid: this.id,
+      });
+      this.rootDoc.spaces.set(this.id, subDoc);
+      this._loaded = true;
+      this._onLoadSlot.emit();
+    } else {
+      this._loaded = false;
+      this.rootDoc.on('subdocs', this._onSubdocEvent);
+    }
+
+    return subDoc;
+  };
+
+  private _loaded!: boolean;
+
+  private readonly _onLoadSlot = new Slot();
+
+  private readonly _onSubdocEvent = ({
+    loaded,
+  }: {
+    loaded: Set<Y.Doc>;
+  }): void => {
+    const result = Array.from(loaded).find(
+      doc => doc.guid === this._ySpaceDoc.guid
+    );
+    if (!result) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.rootDoc.off('subdocs', this._onSubdocEvent);
+    this._loaded = true;
+    this._onLoadSlot.emit();
+  };
+
+  /** Indicate whether the block tree is ready */
+  private _ready = false;
+
+  private _shouldTransact = true;
+
+  private readonly _updateCanUndoRedoSignals = () => {
+    const canRedo = this.readonly ? false : this._history.canRedo();
+    const canUndo = this.readonly ? false : this._history.canUndo();
+    if (this._canRedo.peek() !== canRedo) {
+      this._canRedo.value = canRedo;
+    }
+    if (this._canUndo.peek() !== canUndo) {
+      this._canUndo.value = canUndo;
+    }
+  };
+
+  protected readonly _yBlocks: Y.Map<YBlock>;
+
+  /**
+   * @internal Used for convenient access to the underlying Yjs map,
+   * can be used interchangeably with ySpace
+   */
+  protected readonly _ySpaceDoc: Y.Doc;
+
+  readonly awarenessStore: AwarenessStore;
+
+  readonly id: string;
+
+  readonly rootDoc: BlockSuiteDoc;
+
+  readonly slots = {
+    historyUpdated: new Slot(),
+    yBlockUpdated: new Slot<
+      | {
+          type: 'add';
+          id: string;
+        }
+      | {
+          type: 'delete';
+          id: string;
+        }
+    >(),
+  };
+
+  get blobSync() {
+    return this.collection.blobSync;
+  }
+
+  get canRedo() {
+    return this._canRedo.peek();
+  }
+
+  get canUndo() {
+    return this._canUndo.peek();
+  }
+
+  get collection() {
+    return this._collection;
+  }
+
+  get docSync() {
+    return this.collection.docSync;
+  }
+
+  get history() {
+    return this._history;
+  }
+
+  get isEmpty() {
+    return this._yBlocks.size === 0;
+  }
+
+  get loaded() {
+    return this._loaded;
+  }
+
+  get meta() {
+    return this.collection.meta.getDocMeta(this.id);
+  }
+
+  get readonly(): boolean {
+    return this.awarenessStore.isReadonly(this);
+  }
+
+  get ready() {
+    return this._ready;
+  }
+
+  get schema() {
+    return this.collection.schema;
+  }
+
+  get spaceDoc() {
+    return this._ySpaceDoc;
+  }
+
+  get yBlocks() {
+    return this._yBlocks;
+  }
+
+  constructor({ id, collection, doc, awarenessStore }: DocOptions) {
+    this.id = id;
+    this.rootDoc = doc;
+    this.awarenessStore = awarenessStore;
+
+    this._ySpaceDoc = this._initSubDoc();
+
+    this._yBlocks = this._ySpaceDoc.getMap('blocks');
+    this._collection = collection;
+  }
+
+  private _getReadonlyKey(readonly?: boolean): 'true' | 'false' | 'undefined' {
+    return (readonly?.toString() as 'true' | 'false') ?? 'undefined';
+  }
+
+  private _handleVersion() {
+    // Initialization from empty yDoc, indicating that the document is new.
+    if (!this.collection.meta.hasVersion) {
+      this.collection.meta.writeVersion(this.collection);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _handleYBlockAdd(id: string) {
+    this.slots.yBlockUpdated.emit({ type: 'add', id });
+  }
+
+  private _handleYBlockDelete(id: string) {
+    this.slots.yBlockUpdated.emit({ type: 'delete', id });
+  }
+
+  private _handleYEvent(event: Y.YEvent<YBlock | Y.Text | Y.Array<unknown>>) {
+    // event on top-level block store
+    if (event.target !== this._yBlocks) {
+      return;
+    }
+    event.keys.forEach((value, id) => {
+      try {
+        if (value.action === 'add') {
+          this._handleYBlockAdd(id);
+          return;
+        }
+        if (value.action === 'delete') {
+          this._handleYBlockDelete(id);
+          return;
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.error('An error occurred while handling Yjs event:');
+        console.error(e);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  private _initYBlocks() {
+    const { _yBlocks } = this;
+    _yBlocks.observeDeep(this._handleYEvents);
+    this._history = new Y.UndoManager([_yBlocks], {
+      trackedOrigins: new Set([this._ySpaceDoc.clientID]),
+    });
+
+    this._history.on('stack-cleared', this._historyObserver);
+    this._history.on('stack-item-added', this._historyObserver);
+    this._history.on('stack-item-popped', this._historyObserver);
+    this._history.on('stack-item-updated', this._historyObserver);
+  }
+
+  /** Capture current operations to undo stack synchronously. */
+  captureSync() {
+    this._history.stopCapturing();
+  }
+
+  clear() {
+    this._yBlocks.clear();
+  }
+
+  clearQuery(query: Query, readonly?: boolean) {
+    const readonlyKey = this._getReadonlyKey(readonly);
+
+    this._docMap[readonlyKey].delete(JSON.stringify(query));
+  }
+
+  private _destroy() {
+    this._ySpaceDoc.destroy();
+    this._onLoadSlot.dispose();
+    this._loaded = false;
+  }
+
+  dispose() {
+    this.slots.historyUpdated.dispose();
+    this._awarenessUpdateDisposable?.dispose();
+
+    if (this.ready) {
+      this._yBlocks.unobserveDeep(this._handleYEvents);
+      this._yBlocks.clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  getDoc({ readonly, query }: GetDocOptions = {}) {
+    const readonlyKey = this._getReadonlyKey(readonly);
+
+    const key = JSON.stringify(query);
+
+    if (this._docMap[readonlyKey].has(key)) {
+      return this._docMap[readonlyKey].get(key) as Blocks;
+    }
+
+    const doc = new Blocks({
+      blockCollection: this,
+      schema: this.collection.schema,
+      readonly,
+      query,
+    });
+
+    this._docMap[readonlyKey].set(key, doc);
+
+    return doc;
+  }
+
+  load(initFn?: () => void): this {
+    if (this.ready) {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    this._ySpaceDoc.load();
+
+    if ((this.collection.meta.docs?.length ?? 0) <= 1) {
+      this._handleVersion();
+    }
+
+    this._initYBlocks();
+
+    this._yBlocks.forEach((_, id) => {
+      this._handleYBlockAdd(id);
+    });
+
+    this._awarenessUpdateDisposable = this.awarenessStore.slots.update.on(
+      () => {
+        // change readonly state will affect the undo/redo state
+        this._updateCanUndoRedoSignals();
+      }
+    );
+
+    initFn?.();
+
+    this._ready = true;
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  redo() {
+    if (this.readonly) {
+      console.error('cannot modify data in readonly mode');
+      return;
+    }
+    this._history.redo();
+  }
+
+  undo() {
+    if (this.readonly) {
+      console.error('cannot modify data in readonly mode');
+      return;
+    }
+    this._history.undo();
+  }
+
+  remove() {
+    this._destroy();
+    this.rootDoc.spaces.delete(this.id);
+  }
+
+  resetHistory() {
+    this._history.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If `shouldTransact` is `false`, the transaction will not be push to the history stack.
+   */
+  transact(fn: () => void, shouldTransact: boolean = this._shouldTransact) {
+    this._ySpaceDoc.transact(
+      () => {
+        try {
+          fn();
+        } catch (e) {
+          console.error(
+            `An error occurred while Y.doc ${this._ySpaceDoc.guid} transacting:`
+          );
+          console.error(e);
+        }
+      },
+      shouldTransact ? this.rootDoc.clientID : null
+    );
+  }
+
+  withoutTransact(callback: () => void) {
+    this._shouldTransact = false;
+    callback();
+    this._shouldTransact = true;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workspace/impl/workspace.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workspace/impl/workspace.ts
index ac71bcc97f..69dfad5ca2 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workspace/impl/workspace.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workspace/impl/workspace.ts
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import type { BlockSuiteFlags } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/types';
 import { NoopLogger, Slot } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/utils';
 import {
   AwarenessStore,
-  BlockCollection,
   type Blocks,
   BlockSuiteDoc,
   type CreateDocOptions,
+  type Doc,
   DocCollectionMeta,
   type GetDocOptions,
   type IdGenerator,
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ import {
 } from '@blocksuite/affine/sync';
 import { Awareness } from 'y-protocols/awareness.js';
 
+import { DocImpl } from './doc';
+
 type WorkspaceOptions = {
   id?: string;
   schema: Schema;
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ export class WorkspaceImpl implements Workspace {
 
   readonly blobSync: BlobEngine;
 
-  readonly blockCollections = new Map<string, BlockCollection>();
+  readonly blockCollections = new Map<string, Doc>();
 
   readonly doc: BlockSuiteDoc;
 
@@ -114,12 +116,11 @@ export class WorkspaceImpl implements Workspace {
 
   private _bindDocMetaEvents() {
     this.meta.docMetaAdded.on(docId => {
-      const doc = new BlockCollection({
+      const doc = new DocImpl({
         id: docId,
         collection: this,
         doc: this.doc,
         awarenessStore: this.awarenessStore,
-        idGenerator: this.idGenerator,
       });
       this.blockCollections.set(doc.id, doc);
     });
@@ -185,8 +186,8 @@ export class WorkspaceImpl implements Workspace {
     this.awarenessSync.disconnect();
   }
 
-  getBlockCollection(docId: string): BlockCollection | null {
-    const space = this.docs.get(docId) as BlockCollection | undefined;
+  getBlockCollection(docId: string): Doc | null {
+    const space = this.docs.get(docId) as Doc | undefined;
     return space ?? null;
   }