diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/copy.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/copy.ts
index 9d217bab3c..95b7c1ab3e 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/copy.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/copy.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ const handlePoint = (
 };
 
 const sliceText = (slots: TransformerSlots, std: EditorHost['std']) => {
-  slots.afterExport.subscribe(payload => {
+  const afterExportSubscription = slots.afterExport.subscribe(payload => {
     if (payload.type === 'block') {
       const snapshot = payload.snapshot;
 
@@ -53,10 +53,14 @@ const sliceText = (slots: TransformerSlots, std: EditorHost['std']) => {
       }
     }
   });
+
+  return () => {
+    afterExportSubscription.unsubscribe();
+  };
 };
 
 export const copyMiddleware = (std: BlockStdScope): TransformerMiddleware => {
   return ({ slots }) => {
-    sliceText(slots, std);
+    return sliceText(slots, std);
   };
 };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/file-name.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/file-name.ts
index cb6e71abf4..5ac700fa05 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/file-name.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/file-name.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { TransformerMiddleware } from '@blocksuite/store';
 export const fileNameMiddleware =
   (fileName?: string): TransformerMiddleware =>
   ({ slots }) => {
-    slots.beforeImport.subscribe(payload => {
+    const beforeImportSubscription = slots.beforeImport.subscribe(payload => {
       if (payload.type !== 'page') {
         return;
       }
@@ -20,4 +20,8 @@ export const fileNameMiddleware =
         ],
       };
     });
+
+    return () => {
+      beforeImportSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/paste.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/paste.ts
index 6c1617672e..852aa49859 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/paste.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/paste.ts
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ export const pasteMiddleware = (
 ): TransformerMiddleware => {
   return ({ slots }) => {
     let tr: PasteTr | undefined;
-    slots.beforeImport.subscribe(payload => {
+    const beforeImportSubscription = slots.beforeImport.subscribe(payload => {
       if (payload.type === 'slice') {
         const { snapshot } = payload;
         flatNote(snapshot);
@@ -543,13 +543,18 @@ export const pasteMiddleware = (
         }
       }
     });
-    slots.afterImport.subscribe(payload => {
+    const afterImportSubscription = slots.afterImport.subscribe(payload => {
       if (tr && payload.type === 'slice') {
         tr.pasted();
         tr.focusPasted();
         tr.convertToLinkedDoc();
       }
     });
+
+    return () => {
+      beforeImportSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      afterImportSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/replace-id.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/replace-id.ts
index a2c734dfb2..f16f05fac2 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/replace-id.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/replace-id.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export const replaceIdMiddleware =
       map(({ model }) => model)
     );
 
-    afterImportBlock$
+    const afterImportBlockSubscription = afterImportBlock$
       .pipe(filter(model => matchModels(model, [DatabaseBlockModel])))
       .subscribe(model => {
         Object.keys(model.props.cells).forEach(cellId => {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export const replaceIdMiddleware =
       });
 
     // replace LinkedPage pageId with new id in paragraph blocks
-    afterImportBlock$
+    const replaceLinkedPageIdSubscription = afterImportBlock$
       .pipe(
         filter(model =>
           matchModels(model, [ParagraphBlockModel, ListBlockModel])
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export const replaceIdMiddleware =
         }
       });
 
-    afterImportBlock$
+    const replaceSurfaceRefIdSubscription = afterImportBlock$
       .pipe(filter(model => matchModels(model, [SurfaceRefBlockModel])))
       .subscribe(model => {
         const original = model.props.reference;
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export const replaceIdMiddleware =
       });
 
     // TODO(@fundon): process linked block/element
-    afterImportBlock$
+    const replaceLinkedDocIdSubscription = afterImportBlock$
       .pipe(
         filter(model =>
           matchModels(model, [EmbedLinkedDocModel, EmbedSyncedDocModel])
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ export const replaceIdMiddleware =
 
     // Before Import
 
-    slots.beforeImport
+    const beforeImportPageSubscription = slots.beforeImport
       .pipe(filter(payload => payload.type === 'page'))
       .subscribe(payload => {
         if (idMap.has(payload.snapshot.meta.id)) {
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ export const replaceIdMiddleware =
         payload.snapshot.meta.id = newId;
       });
 
-    slots.beforeImport
+    const beforeImportBlockSubscription = slots.beforeImport
       .pipe(
         filter(
           (payload): payload is BeforeImportBlockPayload =>
@@ -244,4 +244,13 @@ export const replaceIdMiddleware =
           });
         }
       });
+
+    return () => {
+      afterImportBlockSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      replaceLinkedPageIdSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      replaceSurfaceRefIdSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      replaceLinkedDocIdSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      beforeImportPageSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      beforeImportBlockSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/surface-ref-to-embed.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/surface-ref-to-embed.ts
index 2ccff6426b..fd943662fb 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/surface-ref-to-embed.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/surface-ref-to-embed.ts
@@ -5,33 +5,42 @@ export const surfaceRefToEmbed =
   (std: BlockStdScope): TransformerMiddleware =>
   ({ slots }) => {
     let pageId: string | null = null;
-    slots.beforeImport.subscribe(payload => {
-      if (payload.type === 'slice') {
-        pageId = payload.snapshot.pageId;
+    const beforeImportSliceSubscription = slots.beforeImport.subscribe(
+      payload => {
+        if (payload.type === 'slice') {
+          pageId = payload.snapshot.pageId;
+        }
       }
-    });
-    slots.beforeImport.subscribe(payload => {
-      // only handle surface-ref block snapshot
-      if (
-        payload.type !== 'block' ||
-        payload.snapshot.flavour !== 'affine:surface-ref'
-      )
-        return;
+    );
+    const beforeImportBlockSubscription = slots.beforeImport.subscribe(
+      payload => {
+        // only handle surface-ref block snapshot
+        if (
+          payload.type !== 'block' ||
+          payload.snapshot.flavour !== 'affine:surface-ref'
+        )
+          return;
 
-      // turn into embed-linked-doc if the current doc is different from the pageId of the surface-ref block
-      const isNotSameDoc = pageId !== std.store.doc.id;
-      if (pageId && isNotSameDoc) {
-        // The blockId of the original surface-ref block
-        const blockId = payload.snapshot.id;
-        payload.snapshot.id = std.workspace.idGenerator();
-        payload.snapshot.flavour = 'affine:embed-linked-doc';
-        payload.snapshot.props = {
-          pageId,
-          params: {
-            mode: 'page',
-            blockIds: [blockId],
-          },
-        };
+        // turn into embed-linked-doc if the current doc is different from the pageId of the surface-ref block
+        const isNotSameDoc = pageId !== std.store.doc.id;
+        if (pageId && isNotSameDoc) {
+          // The blockId of the original surface-ref block
+          const blockId = payload.snapshot.id;
+          payload.snapshot.id = std.workspace.idGenerator();
+          payload.snapshot.flavour = 'affine:embed-linked-doc';
+          payload.snapshot.props = {
+            pageId,
+            params: {
+              mode: 'page',
+              blockIds: [blockId],
+            },
+          };
+        }
       }
-    });
+    );
+
+    return () => {
+      beforeImportSliceSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      beforeImportBlockSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/title.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/title.ts
index 83cdfbe046..4d0a421f9a 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/title.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/title.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@ import type { DocMeta, TransformerMiddleware } from '@blocksuite/store';
 export const titleMiddleware =
   (metas: DocMeta[]): TransformerMiddleware =>
   ({ slots, adapterConfigs }) => {
-    slots.beforeExport.subscribe(() => {
+    const beforeExportSubscription = slots.beforeExport.subscribe(() => {
       for (const meta of metas) {
         adapterConfigs.set('title:' + meta.id, meta.title);
       }
     });
+
+    return () => {
+      beforeExportSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/upload.ts b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/upload.ts
index 231aa80cb6..bf398a4f3b 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/upload.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/upload.ts
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export const uploadMiddleware = (
       }
     }
 
-    blockView$
+    const blockViewSubscription = blockView$
       .pipe(
         map(payload => {
           if (assetsManager.uploadingAssetsMap.size === 0) return null;
@@ -110,5 +110,9 @@ export const uploadMiddleware = (
         )
       )
       .subscribe();
+
+    return () => {
+      blockViewSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
 };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/blocks-filter.ts b/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/blocks-filter.ts
index a5526df49a..949fd26acd 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/blocks-filter.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/blocks-filter.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export const gfxBlocksFilter = (
   }
 
   return ({ slots, transformerConfigs }) => {
-    slots.beforeExport.subscribe(payload => {
+    const beforeExportSubscription = slots.beforeExport.subscribe(payload => {
       if (payload.type !== 'block') {
         return;
       }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const gfxBlocksFilter = (
       }
     });
 
-    slots.afterExport.subscribe(payload => {
+    const afterExportSubscription = slots.afterExport.subscribe(payload => {
       if (payload.type !== 'block') {
         return;
       }
@@ -110,5 +110,10 @@ export const gfxBlocksFilter = (
         });
       }
     });
+
+    return () => {
+      beforeExportSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      afterExportSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
 };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/new-id-cross-doc.ts b/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/new-id-cross-doc.ts
index 0bebf4b0d0..07d30e39eb 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/new-id-cross-doc.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/new-id-cross-doc.ts
@@ -9,36 +9,45 @@ export const newIdCrossDoc =
     let samePage = false;
     const oldToNewIdMap = new Map<string, string>();
 
-    slots.beforeImport.subscribe(payload => {
-      if (payload.type === 'slice') {
-        samePage = payload.snapshot.pageId === std.store.id;
+    const beforeImportSliceSubscription = slots.beforeImport.subscribe(
+      payload => {
+        if (payload.type === 'slice') {
+          samePage = payload.snapshot.pageId === std.store.id;
+        }
+        if (payload.type === 'block' && !samePage) {
+          const newId = std.workspace.idGenerator();
+
+          oldToNewIdMap.set(payload.snapshot.id, newId);
+          payload.snapshot.id = newId;
+        }
       }
-      if (payload.type === 'block' && !samePage) {
-        const newId = std.workspace.idGenerator();
+    );
 
-        oldToNewIdMap.set(payload.snapshot.id, newId);
-        payload.snapshot.id = newId;
+    const afterImportBlockSubscription = slots.afterImport.subscribe(
+      payload => {
+        if (
+          !samePage &&
+          payload.type === 'block' &&
+          matchModels(payload.model, [DatabaseBlockModel])
+        ) {
+          const originalCells = payload.model.props.cells;
+          const newCells = {
+            ...originalCells,
+          };
+
+          Object.keys(originalCells).forEach(cellId => {
+            if (oldToNewIdMap.has(cellId)) {
+              newCells[oldToNewIdMap.get(cellId)!] = originalCells[cellId];
+            }
+          });
+
+          payload.model.props.cells$.value = newCells;
+        }
       }
-    });
+    );
 
-    slots.afterImport.subscribe(payload => {
-      if (
-        !samePage &&
-        payload.type === 'block' &&
-        matchModels(payload.model, [DatabaseBlockModel])
-      ) {
-        const originalCells = payload.model.props.cells;
-        const newCells = {
-          ...originalCells,
-        };
-
-        Object.keys(originalCells).forEach(cellId => {
-          if (oldToNewIdMap.has(cellId)) {
-            newCells[oldToNewIdMap.get(cellId)!] = originalCells[cellId];
-          }
-        });
-
-        payload.model.props.cells$.value = newCells;
-      }
-    });
+    return () => {
+      beforeImportSliceSubscription.unsubscribe();
+      afterImportBlockSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/reorder-list.ts b/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/reorder-list.ts
index 7a8406bea3..476d97fe22 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/reorder-list.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/widgets/drag-handle/src/middleware/reorder-list.ts
@@ -7,19 +7,25 @@ import type { TransformerMiddleware } from '@blocksuite/store';
 export const reorderList =
   (std: BlockStdScope): TransformerMiddleware =>
   ({ slots }) => {
-    slots.afterImport.subscribe(payload => {
-      if (payload.type === 'block') {
-        const model = payload.model;
-        if (
-          matchModels(model, [ListBlockModel]) &&
-          model.props.type === 'numbered'
-        ) {
-          const next = std.store.getNext(model);
-          correctNumberedListsOrderToPrev(std.store, model);
-          if (next) {
-            correctNumberedListsOrderToPrev(std.store, next);
+    const afterImportBlockSubscription = slots.afterImport.subscribe(
+      payload => {
+        if (payload.type === 'block') {
+          const model = payload.model;
+          if (
+            matchModels(model, [ListBlockModel]) &&
+            model.props.type === 'numbered'
+          ) {
+            const next = std.store.getNext(model);
+            correctNumberedListsOrderToPrev(std.store, model);
+            if (next) {
+              correctNumberedListsOrderToPrev(std.store, next);
+            }
           }
         }
       }
-    });
+    );
+
+    return () => {
+      afterImportBlockSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    };
   };
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/middleware.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/middleware.ts
index 5fbf6006c9..855ffd9891 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/middleware.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/middleware.ts
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ type TransformerMiddlewareOptions = {
   transformerConfigs: Map<string, unknown>;
 };
 
+type TransformerMiddlewareCleanup = () => void;
+
 export type TransformerMiddleware = (
   options: TransformerMiddlewareOptions
-) => void;
+) => void | TransformerMiddlewareCleanup;
diff --git a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/transformer.ts b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/transformer.ts
index 939f2bc7fb..54cefa6e2b 100644
--- a/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/transformer.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/framework/store/src/transformer/transformer.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { DisposableGroup } from '@blocksuite/global/disposable';
 import { BlockSuiteError, ErrorCode } from '@blocksuite/global/exceptions';
 import { nextTick } from '@blocksuite/global/utils';
 import { Subject } from 'rxjs';
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@ export class Transformer {
 
   private readonly _docCRUD: DocCRUD;
 
+  private readonly _disposables: DisposableGroup = new DisposableGroup();
+
   private readonly _slots: TransformerSlots = {
     beforeImport: new Subject<BeforeImportPayload>(),
     afterImport: new Subject<AfterImportPayload>(),
@@ -366,13 +369,16 @@ export class Transformer {
     this._docCRUD = docCRUD;
 
     middlewares.forEach(middleware => {
-      middleware({
+      const cleanup = middleware({
         slots: this._slots,
         docCRUD: this._docCRUD,
         assetsManager: this._assetsManager,
         adapterConfigs: this._adapterConfigs,
         transformerConfigs: this._transformerConfigs,
       });
+      if (cleanup) {
+        this._disposables.add(cleanup);
+      }
     });
   }
 
@@ -646,4 +652,9 @@ export class Transformer {
   reset() {
     this._assetsManager.cleanup();
   }
+
+  [Symbol.dispose]() {
+    this._disposables.dispose();
+    this._assetsManager.cleanup();
+  }
 }