feat(editor): provide callout markdown export options middleware (#12283)

Closes: [BS-3491](https://linear.app/affine-design/issue/BS-3491/支持-callout-导出成-vitepress-文档站支持的-markdown-格式)

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

- **New Features**
  - Added support for exporting callout blocks in both GFM and Admonition markdown styles, including configurable admonition types and custom titles.
  - Introduced middleware to customize callout export options for markdown serialization.

- **Tests**
  - Enhanced test coverage for callout markdown export, including scenarios with and without export middleware for different styles and content structures.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/callout-export-options.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import type { TransformerMiddleware } from '@blocksuite/store';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+export const CALLOUT_MARKDOWN_EXPORT_OPTIONS_KEY =
+  'calloutMarkdownExportOptions';
+
+export enum CalloutExportStyle {
+  GFM = 'GFM',
+  Admonitions = 'Admonitions',
+}
+
+export enum CalloutAdmonitionType {
+  Info = 'info',
+  Tip = 'tip',
+  Warning = 'warning',
+  Danger = 'danger',
+  Details = 'details',
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_ADMONITION_TYPE = CalloutAdmonitionType.Info;
+
+export const CalloutAdmonitionTypeSet: Set<string> = new Set(
+  Object.values(CalloutAdmonitionType)
+);
+
+export const calloutMarkdownExportOptionsSchema = z.object({
+  style: z.nativeEnum(CalloutExportStyle),
+  admonitionType: z.nativeEnum(CalloutAdmonitionType).optional(),
+});
+export type CalloutMarkdownExportOptions = z.infer<
+  typeof calloutMarkdownExportOptionsSchema
+>;
+
+/**
+ * Middleware to set the export style of the callout block
+ * @param style - The markdown export style of the callout block
+ * @returns A TransformerMiddleware that sets the markdown export style of the callout block
+ */
+export const calloutMarkdownExportMiddleware = (
+  options: CalloutMarkdownExportOptions
+): TransformerMiddleware => {
+  return ({ adapterConfigs }) => {
+    adapterConfigs.set(CALLOUT_MARKDOWN_EXPORT_OPTIONS_KEY, options);
+  };
+};

blocksuite/affine/shared/src/adapters/middlewares/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+export * from './callout-export-options';
 export * from './code';
 export * from './copy';
 export * from './doc-link';