feat(core): new worker workspace engine (#9257)

2026-02-14 21:27:20 +00:00 · 2025-01-17 00:22:18 +08:00
parent 7dc470e7ea
commit a2ffdb4047
219 changed files with 4267 additions and 7194 deletions
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/android/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/android/src/app.tsx
@@ -6,12 +6,8 @@ import { configureCommonModules } from '@affine/core/modules';
 import { I18nProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/i18n';
 import { LifecycleService } from '@affine/core/modules/lifecycle';
 import { configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls } from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
-import { configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/userspace';
 import { configureBrowserWorkbenchModule } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
-import {
-  configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours,
-  configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider,
-} from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
+import { configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours } from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
 import { Framework, FrameworkRoot, getCurrentStore } from '@toeverything/infra';
 import { Suspense } from 'react';
 import { RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom';
@@ -25,8 +21,6 @@ configureCommonModules(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkbenchModule(framework);
 configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours(framework);
-configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider(framework);
-configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider(framework);
 configureMobileModules(framework);
 const frameworkProvider = framework.provider();

--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/package.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/package.json
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@
    "@affine/core": "workspace:*",
    "@affine/electron-api": "workspace:*",
    "@affine/i18n": "workspace:*",
+    "@affine/nbstore": "workspace:*",
    "@emotion/react": "^11.14.0",
    "@sentry/react": "^8.44.0",
    "@toeverything/infra": "workspace:*",
    "@toeverything/theme": "^1.1.3",
    "@vanilla-extract/css": "^1.16.1",
+    "async-call-rpc": "^6.4.2",
    "next-themes": "^0.4.4",
    "react": "^19.0.0",
    "react-dom": "^19.0.0",
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/app.tsx
@@ -19,25 +19,26 @@ import { configureFindInPageModule } from '@affine/core/modules/find-in-page';
 import { GlobalContextService } from '@affine/core/modules/global-context';
 import { I18nProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/i18n';
 import { LifecycleService } from '@affine/core/modules/lifecycle';
-import { configureElectronStateStorageImpls } from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
+import {
+  configureElectronStateStorageImpls,
+  NbstoreProvider,
+} from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
 import {
  ClientSchemeProvider,
  PopupWindowProvider,
 } from '@affine/core/modules/url';
-import { configureSqliteUserspaceStorageProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/userspace';
 import {
  configureDesktopWorkbenchModule,
  WorkbenchService,
 } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
 import { WorkspacesService } from '@affine/core/modules/workspace';
-import {
-  configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours,
-  configureSqliteWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider,
-} from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
+import { configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours } from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
 import createEmotionCache from '@affine/core/utils/create-emotion-cache';
 import { apis, events } from '@affine/electron-api';
+import { WorkerClient } from '@affine/nbstore/worker/client';
 import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
 import { Framework, FrameworkRoot, getCurrentStore } from '@toeverything/infra';
+import { OpClient } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
 import { Suspense } from 'react';
 import { RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom';

@@ -71,14 +72,61 @@ const framework = new Framework();
 configureCommonModules(framework);
 configureElectronStateStorageImpls(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours(framework);
-configureSqliteWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider(framework);
-configureSqliteUserspaceStorageProvider(framework);
 configureDesktopWorkbenchModule(framework);
 configureAppTabsHeaderModule(framework);
 configureFindInPageModule(framework);
 configureDesktopApiModule(framework);
 configureSpellCheckSettingModule(framework);
+framework.impl(NbstoreProvider, {
+  openStore(key, options) {
+    const { port1: portForOpClient, port2: portForWorker } =
+      new MessageChannel();
+    let portFromWorker: MessagePort | null = null;
+    let portId = crypto.randomUUID();

+    const handleMessage = (ev: MessageEvent) => {
+      if (
+        ev.data.type === 'electron:worker-connect' &&
+        ev.data.portId === portId
+      ) {
+        portFromWorker = ev.ports[0];
+        // connect portForWorker and portFromWorker
+        portFromWorker.addEventListener('message', ev => {
+          portForWorker.postMessage(ev.data);
+        });
+        portForWorker.addEventListener('message', ev => {
+          // oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
+          portFromWorker!.postMessage(ev.data);
+        });
+        portForWorker.start();
+        portFromWorker.start();
+      }
+    };
+
+    window.addEventListener('message', handleMessage);
+
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
+    apis!.worker.connectWorker(key, portId).catch(err => {
+      console.error('failed to connect worker', err);
+    });
+
+    const store = new WorkerClient(new OpClient(portForOpClient), options);
+    portForOpClient.start();
+    return {
+      store,
+      dispose: () => {
+        window.removeEventListener('message', handleMessage);
+        portForOpClient.close();
+        portForWorker.close();
+        portFromWorker?.close();
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
+        apis!.worker.disconnectWorker(key, portId).catch(err => {
+          console.error('failed to disconnect worker', err);
+        });
+      },
+    };
+  },
+});
 framework.impl(PopupWindowProvider, p => {
  const apis = p.get(DesktopApiService).api;
  return {
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/background-worker/index.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/background-worker/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import '@affine/core/bootstrap/electron';
+
+import { apis } from '@affine/electron-api';
+import { broadcastChannelStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/broadcast-channel';
+import { cloudStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/cloud';
+import { bindNativeDBApis, sqliteStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite';
+import {
+  bindNativeDBV1Apis,
+  sqliteV1Storages,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite/v1';
+import {
+  WorkerConsumer,
+  type WorkerOps,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/worker/consumer';
+import { OpConsumer } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
+
+// oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
+bindNativeDBApis(apis!.nbstore);
+// oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
+bindNativeDBV1Apis(apis!.db);
+
+const worker = new WorkerConsumer([
+  ...sqliteStorages,
+  ...sqliteV1Storages,
+  ...broadcastChannelStorages,
+  ...cloudStorages,
+]);
+
+window.addEventListener('message', ev => {
+  if (ev.data.type === 'electron:worker-connect') {
+    const port = ev.ports[0];
+
+    const consumer = new OpConsumer<WorkerOps>(port);
+    worker.bindConsumer(consumer);
+  }
+});
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/nbstore.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/nbstore.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import '@affine/core/bootstrap/electron';
+
+import type { ClientHandler } from '@affine/electron-api';
+import { broadcastChannelStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/broadcast-channel';
+import { cloudStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/cloud';
+import { bindNativeDBApis, sqliteStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite';
+import {
+  bindNativeDBV1Apis,
+  sqliteV1Storages,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite/v1';
+import {
+  WorkerConsumer,
+  type WorkerOps,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/worker/consumer';
+import { OpConsumer } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
+import { AsyncCall } from 'async-call-rpc';
+
+const worker = new WorkerConsumer([
+  ...sqliteStorages,
+  ...sqliteV1Storages,
+  ...broadcastChannelStorages,
+  ...cloudStorages,
+]);
+
+let activeConnectionCount = 0;
+let electronAPIsInitialized = false;
+
+function connectElectronAPIs(port: MessagePort) {
+  if (electronAPIsInitialized) {
+    return;
+  }
+  electronAPIsInitialized = true;
+  port.postMessage({ type: '__electron-apis-init__' });
+
+  const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<MessagePort>();
+  port.addEventListener('message', event => {
+    if (event.data.type === '__electron-apis__') {
+      const [port] = event.ports;
+      resolve(port);
+    }
+  });
+
+  const rpc = AsyncCall<Record<string, any>>(null, {
+    channel: promise.then(p => ({
+      on(listener) {
+        p.onmessage = e => {
+          listener(e.data);
+        };
+        p.start();
+        return () => {
+          p.onmessage = null;
+          try {
+            p.close();
+          } catch (err) {
+            console.error('close port error', err);
+          }
+        };
+      },
+      send(data) {
+        p.postMessage(data);
+      },
+    })),
+    log: false,
+  });
+
+  const electronAPIs = new Proxy<ClientHandler>(rpc as any, {
+    get(_, namespace: string) {
+      return new Proxy(rpc as any, {
+        get(_, method: string) {
+          return rpc[`${namespace}:${method}`];
+        },
+      });
+    },
+  });
+
+  bindNativeDBApis(electronAPIs.nbstore);
+  bindNativeDBV1Apis(electronAPIs.db);
+}
+
+(globalThis as any).onconnect = (event: MessageEvent) => {
+  activeConnectionCount++;
+  const port = event.ports[0];
+  port.addEventListener('message', (event: MessageEvent) => {
+    if (event.data.type === '__close__') {
+      activeConnectionCount--;
+      if (activeConnectionCount === 0) {
+        globalThis.close();
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  connectElectronAPIs(port);
+
+  const consumer = new OpConsumer<WorkerOps>(port);
+  worker.bindConsumer(consumer);
+};
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/setup.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/setup.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
 import '@affine/core/bootstrap/electron';
 import '@affine/component/theme';
 import './global.css';
+
+import { apis } from '@affine/electron-api';
+import { bindNativeDBApis } from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite';
+import { bindNativeDBV1Apis } from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite/v1';
+
+// oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
+bindNativeDBApis(apis!.nbstore);
+// oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
+bindNativeDBV1Apis(apis!.db);
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/shell/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/shell/app.tsx
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { configureDesktopApiModule } from '@affine/core/modules/desktop-api';
 import { configureI18nModule, I18nProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/i18n';
 import {
  configureElectronStateStorageImpls,
-  configureGlobalStorageModule,
+  configureStorageModule,
 } from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
 import { configureAppThemeModule } from '@affine/core/modules/theme';
 import { Framework, FrameworkRoot } from '@toeverything/infra';
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { Framework, FrameworkRoot } from '@toeverything/infra';
 import * as styles from './app.css';

 const framework = new Framework();
-configureGlobalStorageModule(framework);
+configureStorageModule(framework);
 configureElectronStateStorageImpls(framework);
 configureAppTabsHeaderModule(framework);
 configureAppSidebarModule(framework);
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/tsconfig.json
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
    { "path": "../../core" },
    { "path": "../../electron-api" },
    { "path": "../../i18n" },
+    { "path": "../../../common/nbstore" },
    { "path": "../../../common/infra" },
    { "path": "../../../../tools/utils" }
  ]
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/webpack.config.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/webpack.config.ts
@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ export const config = {
  entry: {
    app: './src/index.tsx',
    shell: './src/shell/index.tsx',
+    backgroundWorker: './src/background-worker/index.ts',
  },
 };
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/application-menu/create.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/application-menu/create.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
  switchToPreviousTab,
  undoCloseTab,
 } from '../windows-manager';
+import { WorkerManager } from '../worker/pool';
 import { applicationMenuSubjects } from './subject';

 // Unique id for menuitems
@@ -113,6 +114,21 @@ export function createApplicationMenu() {
            showDevTools();
          },
        },
+        {
+          label: 'Open worker devtools',
+          click: () => {
+            Menu.buildFromTemplate(
+              Array.from(WorkerManager.instance.workers.values()).map(item => ({
+                label: `${item.key}`,
+                click: () => {
+                  item.browserWindow.webContents.openDevTools({
+                    mode: 'undocked',
+                  });
+                },
+              }))
+            ).popup();
+          },
+        },
        { type: 'separator' },
        { role: 'resetZoom' },
        { role: 'zoomIn' },
@@ -199,7 +215,7 @@ export function createApplicationMenu() {
        {
          label: 'Learn More',
          click: async () => {
-            // oxlint-disable-next-line
+            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-var-requires
            const { shell } = require('electron');
            await shell.openExternal('https://affine.pro/');
          },
@@ -220,7 +236,7 @@ export function createApplicationMenu() {
        {
          label: 'Documentation',
          click: async () => {
-            // oxlint-disable-next-line
+            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-var-requires
            const { shell } = require('electron');
            await shell.openExternal(
              'https://docs.affine.pro/docs/hello-bonjour-aloha-你好'
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/constants.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export const mainWindowOrigin = process.env.DEV_SERVER_URL || 'file://.';
 export const onboardingViewUrl = `${mainWindowOrigin}${mainWindowOrigin.endsWith('/') ? '' : '/'}onboarding`;
 export const shellViewUrl = `${mainWindowOrigin}${mainWindowOrigin.endsWith('/') ? '' : '/'}shell.html`;
+export const backgroundWorkerViewUrl = `${mainWindowOrigin}${mainWindowOrigin.endsWith('/') ? '' : '/'}background-worker.html`;
 export const customThemeViewUrl = `${mainWindowOrigin}${mainWindowOrigin.endsWith('/') ? '' : '/'}theme-editor`;
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/handlers.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/handlers.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { getLogFilePath, logger, revealLogFile } from './logger';
 import { sharedStorageHandlers } from './shared-storage';
 import { uiHandlers } from './ui/handlers';
 import { updaterHandlers } from './updater';
+import { workerHandlers } from './worker/handlers';

 export const debugHandlers = {
  revealLogFile: async () => {
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ export const allHandlers = {
  configStorage: configStorageHandlers,
  findInPage: findInPageHandlers,
  sharedStorage: sharedStorageHandlers,
+  worker: workerHandlers,
 };

 export const registerHandlers = () => {
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/windows-manager/tab-views.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/windows-manager/tab-views.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import {

 import { isMacOS } from '../../shared/utils';
 import { beforeAppQuit } from '../cleanup';
-import { isDev } from '../config';
 import { mainWindowOrigin, shellViewUrl } from '../constants';
 import { ensureHelperProcess } from '../helper-process';
 import { logger } from '../logger';
@@ -871,9 +870,6 @@ export class WebContentViewsManager {
      });

      view.webContents.loadURL(shellViewUrl).catch(err => logger.error(err));
-      if (isDev) {
-        view.webContents.openDevTools();
-      }
    }

    view.webContents.on('destroyed', () => {
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/worker/handlers.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/worker/handlers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import type { NamespaceHandlers } from '../type';
+import { WorkerManager } from './pool';
+
+export const workerHandlers = {
+  connectWorker: async (e, key: string, portId: string) => {
+    const { portForRenderer } = await WorkerManager.instance.connectWorker(
+      key,
+      portId,
+      e.sender
+    );
+    e.sender.postMessage('worker-connect', { portId }, [portForRenderer]);
+    return {
+      portId: portId,
+    };
+  },
+  disconnectWorker: async (_, key: string, portId: string) => {
+    WorkerManager.instance.disconnectWorker(key, portId);
+  },
+} satisfies NamespaceHandlers;
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/worker/pool.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/worker/pool.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+
+import { BrowserWindow, MessageChannelMain, type WebContents } from 'electron';
+
+import { backgroundWorkerViewUrl } from '../constants';
+import { ensureHelperProcess } from '../helper-process';
+import { logger } from '../logger';
+
+async function getAdditionalArguments() {
+  const { getExposedMeta } = await import('../exposed');
+  const mainExposedMeta = getExposedMeta();
+  const helperProcessManager = await ensureHelperProcess();
+  const helperExposedMeta = await helperProcessManager.rpc?.getMeta();
+  return [
+    `--main-exposed-meta=` + JSON.stringify(mainExposedMeta),
+    `--helper-exposed-meta=` + JSON.stringify(helperExposedMeta),
+    `--window-name=worker`,
+  ];
+}
+
+export class WorkerManager {
+  static readonly instance = new WorkerManager();
+
+  workers = new Map<
+    string,
+    { browserWindow: BrowserWindow; ports: Set<string>; key: string }
+  >();
+
+  private async getOrCreateWorker(key: string) {
+    const additionalArguments = await getAdditionalArguments();
+    const helperProcessManager = await ensureHelperProcess();
+    const exists = this.workers.get(key);
+    if (exists) {
+      return exists;
+    } else {
+      const worker = new BrowserWindow({
+        width: 1200,
+        height: 600,
+        webPreferences: {
+          preload: join(__dirname, './preload.js'),
+          additionalArguments: additionalArguments,
+        },
+        show: false,
+      });
+      let disconnectHelperProcess: (() => void) | null = null;
+      worker.on('close', e => {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        if (worker && !worker.isDestroyed()) {
+          worker.destroy();
+          this.workers.delete(key);
+          disconnectHelperProcess?.();
+        }
+      });
+      worker.loadURL(backgroundWorkerViewUrl).catch(e => {
+        logger.error('failed to load url', e);
+      });
+      worker.webContents.addListener('did-finish-load', () => {
+        disconnectHelperProcess = helperProcessManager.connectRenderer(
+          worker.webContents
+        );
+      });
+      const record = { browserWindow: worker, ports: new Set<string>(), key };
+      this.workers.set(key, record);
+      return record;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async connectWorker(
+    key: string,
+    portId: string,
+    bindWebContent: WebContents
+  ) {
+    bindWebContent.addListener('destroyed', () => {
+      this.disconnectWorker(key, portId);
+    });
+    const worker = await this.getOrCreateWorker(key);
+    const { port1: portForWorker, port2: portForRenderer } =
+      new MessageChannelMain();
+
+    worker.browserWindow.webContents.postMessage('worker-connect', { portId }, [
+      portForWorker,
+    ]);
+    return { portForRenderer, portId };
+  }
+
+  disconnectWorker(key: string, portId: string) {
+    const worker = this.workers.get(key);
+    if (worker) {
+      worker.ports.delete(portId);
+      if (worker.ports.size === 0) {
+        worker.browserWindow.destroy();
+        this.workers.delete(key);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/preload/bootstrap.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/preload/bootstrap.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ import '@sentry/electron/preload';

 import { contextBridge } from 'electron';

-import { apis, appInfo, events, requestWebWorkerPort } from './electron-api';
+import { apis, appInfo, events } from './electron-api';
 import { sharedStorage } from './shared-storage';
+import { listenWorkerApis } from './worker';

 contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('__appInfo', appInfo);
 contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('__apis', apis);
 contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('__events', events);
 contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('__sharedStorage', sharedStorage);
-contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('__requestWebWorkerPort', requestWebWorkerPort);
+
+listenWorkerApis();
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/preload/electron-api.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/preload/electron-api.ts
@@ -248,53 +248,3 @@ export const events = {
  ...mainAPIs.events,
  ...helperAPIs.events,
 };
-
-/**
- * Create MessagePort that can be used by web workers
- *
- * !!!
- * SHOULD ONLY BE USED IN RENDERER PROCESS
- * !!!
- */
-export function requestWebWorkerPort() {
-  const ch = new MessageChannel();
-  const localPort = ch.port1;
-  const remotePort = ch.port2;
-
-  // todo: should be able to let the web worker use the electron APIs directly for better performance
-  const flattenedAPIs = Object.entries(apis).flatMap(([namespace, api]) => {
-    return Object.entries(api as any).map(([method, fn]) => [
-      `${namespace}:${method}`,
-      fn,
-    ]);
-  });
-
-  AsyncCall(Object.fromEntries(flattenedAPIs), {
-    channel: createMessagePortChannel(localPort),
-    log: false,
-  });
-
-  const cleanup = () => {
-    remotePort.close();
-    localPort.close();
-  };
-
-  const portId = crypto.randomUUID();
-
-  setTimeout(() => {
-    // @ts-expect-error this function should only be evaluated in the renderer process
-    window.postMessage(
-      {
-        type: 'electron:request-api-port',
-        portId,
-        ports: [remotePort],
-      },
-      '*',
-      [remotePort]
-    );
-  });
-
-  localPort.start();
-
-  return { portId, cleanup };
-}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/preload/worker.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/preload/worker.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { ipcRenderer } from 'electron';
+
+export function listenWorkerApis() {
+  ipcRenderer.on('worker-connect', (ev, data) => {
+    const portForRenderer = ev.ports[0];
+
+    // @ts-expect-error this function should only be evaluated in the renderer process
+    if (document.readyState === 'complete') {
+      // @ts-expect-error this function should only be evaluated in the renderer process
+      window.postMessage(
+        {
+          type: 'electron:worker-connect',
+          portId: data.portId,
+        },
+        '*',
+        [portForRenderer]
+      );
+    } else {
+      // @ts-expect-error this function should only be evaluated in the renderer process
+      window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+        // @ts-expect-error this function should only be evaluated in the renderer process
+        window.postMessage(
+          {
+            type: 'electron:worker-connect',
+            portId: data.portId,
+          },
+          '*',
+          [portForRenderer]
+        );
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 		9D90BE2B2CCB9876006677DB /* config.xml in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 9D90BE1F2CCB9876006677DB /* config.xml */; };
 		9D90BE2D2CCB9876006677DB /* Main.storyboard in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 9D90BE222CCB9876006677DB /* Main.storyboard */; };
 		9D90BE2E2CCB9876006677DB /* public in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 9D90BE232CCB9876006677DB /* public */; };
+		9DEC593B2D3002E70027CEBD /* AffineHttpHandler.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 9DEC593A2D3002C70027CEBD /* AffineHttpHandler.swift */; };
+		9DEC593F2D30EFA40027CEBD /* AffineWsHandler.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 9DEC593E2D30EFA40027CEBD /* AffineWsHandler.swift */; };
+		9DEC59432D323EE40027CEBD /* Mutex.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 9DEC59422D323EE00027CEBD /* Mutex.swift */; };
 		9DFCD1462D27D1D70028C92B /* libaffine_mobile_native.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 9DFCD1452D27D1D70028C92B /* libaffine_mobile_native.a */; };
 		C4C413792CBE705D00337889 /* Pods_App.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = AF277DCFFFF123FFC6DF26C7 /* Pods_App.framework */; };
 		C4C97C7C2D030BE000BC2AD1 /* affine_mobile_native.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = C4C97C6F2D0307B700BC2AD1 /* affine_mobile_native.swift */; };
@@ -52,6 +55,9 @@
 		9D90BE202CCB9876006677DB /* Info.plist */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = text.plist.xml; path = Info.plist; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		9D90BE212CCB9876006677DB /* Base */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = file.storyboard; name = Base; path = Base.lproj/Main.storyboard; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		9D90BE232CCB9876006677DB /* public */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = folder; path = public; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		9DEC593A2D3002C70027CEBD /* AffineHttpHandler.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = AffineHttpHandler.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		9DEC593E2D30EFA40027CEBD /* AffineWsHandler.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = AffineWsHandler.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		9DEC59422D323EE00027CEBD /* Mutex.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = Mutex.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		9DFCD1452D27D1D70028C92B /* libaffine_mobile_native.a */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = archive.ar; path = libaffine_mobile_native.a; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		AF277DCFFFF123FFC6DF26C7 /* Pods_App.framework */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; explicitFileType = wrapper.framework; includeInIndex = 0; path = Pods_App.framework; sourceTree = BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR; };
 		AF51FD2D460BCFE21FA515B2 /* Pods-App.release.xcconfig */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; includeInIndex = 1; lastKnownFileType = text.xcconfig; name = "Pods-App.release.xcconfig"; path = "Pods/Target Support Files/Pods-App/Pods-App.release.xcconfig"; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -156,6 +162,9 @@
 		9D90BE242CCB9876006677DB /* App */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
+				9DEC59422D323EE00027CEBD /* Mutex.swift */,
+				9DEC593A2D3002C70027CEBD /* AffineHttpHandler.swift */,
+				9DEC593E2D30EFA40027CEBD /* AffineWsHandler.swift */,
 				9D52FC422D26CDB600105D0A /* JSValueContainerExt.swift */,
 				9D90BE1A2CCB9876006677DB /* Plugins */,
 				9D90BE1C2CCB9876006677DB /* AppDelegate.swift */,
@@ -331,13 +340,16 @@
 				9D52FC432D26CDBF00105D0A /* JSValueContainerExt.swift in Sources */,
 				5075136E2D1925BC00AD60C0 /* IntelligentsPlugin.swift in Sources */,
 				5075136A2D1924C600AD60C0 /* RootViewController.swift in Sources */,
+				9DEC593B2D3002E70027CEBD /* AffineHttpHandler.swift in Sources */,
 				C4C97C7C2D030BE000BC2AD1 /* affine_mobile_native.swift in Sources */,
 				C4C97C7D2D030BE000BC2AD1 /* affine_mobile_nativeFFI.h in Sources */,
 				C4C97C7E2D030BE000BC2AD1 /* affine_mobile_nativeFFI.modulemap in Sources */,
 				E93B276C2CED92B1001409B8 /* NavigationGesturePlugin.swift in Sources */,
+				9DEC59432D323EE40027CEBD /* Mutex.swift in Sources */,
 				9D90BE252CCB9876006677DB /* CookieManager.swift in Sources */,
 				9D90BE262CCB9876006677DB /* CookiePlugin.swift in Sources */,
 				9D6A85332CCF6DA700DAB35F /* HashcashPlugin.swift in Sources */,
+				9DEC593F2D30EFA40027CEBD /* AffineWsHandler.swift in Sources */,
 				9D90BE272CCB9876006677DB /* AffineViewController.swift in Sources */,
 				9D90BE282CCB9876006677DB /* AppDelegate.swift in Sources */,
 			);
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/AffineHttpHandler.swift
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/AffineHttpHandler.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+//
+//  RequestUrlSchemeHandler.swift
+//  App
+//
+//  Created by EYHN on 2025/1/9.
+//
+
+import WebKit
+
+enum AffineHttpError: Error {
+  case invalidOperation(reason: String), invalidState(reason: String)
+}
+
+class AffineHttpHandler: NSObject, WKURLSchemeHandler {
+  func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, start urlSchemeTask: any WKURLSchemeTask) {
+    urlSchemeTask.stopped = Mutex.init(false)
+    guard let rawUrl = urlSchemeTask.request.url else {
+      urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidOperation(reason: "bad request"))
+      return
+    }
+    guard let scheme = rawUrl.scheme else {
+      urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidOperation(reason: "bad request"))
+      return
+    }
+    let httpProtocol = scheme == "affine-http" ? "http" : "https"
+    guard let urlComponents = URLComponents(url: rawUrl, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true) else {
+      urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidOperation(reason: "bad request"))
+      return
+    }
+    guard let host = urlComponents.host else {
+      urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidOperation(reason: "bad url"))
+      return
+    }
+    let path = urlComponents.path
+    let query = urlComponents.query != nil ? "?\(urlComponents.query!)" : ""
+    guard let targetUrl = URL(string: "\(httpProtocol)://\(host)\(path)\(query)") else {
+      urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidOperation(reason: "bad url"))
+      return
+    }
+    
+    var request = URLRequest(url: targetUrl);
+    request.httpMethod = urlSchemeTask.request.httpMethod;
+    request.httpShouldHandleCookies = true
+    request.httpBody = urlSchemeTask.request.httpBody
+    urlSchemeTask.request.allHTTPHeaderFields?.filter({
+      key, value in
+      let normalizedKey = key.lowercased()
+      return normalizedKey == "content-type" ||
+      normalizedKey == "content-length" ||
+      normalizedKey == "accept"
+    }).forEach {
+      key, value in
+      request.setValue(value, forHTTPHeaderField: key)
+    }
+    
+    URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) {
+      rawData, rawResponse, error in
+      urlSchemeTask.stopped?.withLock({
+        if $0 {
+          return
+        }
+        
+        if error != nil {
+          urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(error!)
+        } else {
+          guard let httpResponse = rawResponse as? HTTPURLResponse else {
+            urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidState(reason: "bad response"))
+            return
+          }
+          let inheritedHeaders = httpResponse.allHeaderFields.filter({
+            key, value in
+            let normalizedKey = (key as? String)?.lowercased()
+            return normalizedKey == "content-type" ||
+            normalizedKey == "content-length"
+          }) as? [String: String] ?? [:]
+          let newHeaders: [String: String] = [
+            "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
+            "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": "*"
+          ]
+          
+          guard let response = HTTPURLResponse.init(url: rawUrl, statusCode: httpResponse.statusCode, httpVersion: nil, headerFields: inheritedHeaders.merging(newHeaders, uniquingKeysWith: { (_, newHeaders) in newHeaders })) else {
+            urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidState(reason: "failed to create response"))
+            return
+          }
+          
+          urlSchemeTask.didReceive(response)
+          if rawData != nil {
+            urlSchemeTask.didReceive(rawData!)
+          }
+          urlSchemeTask.didFinish()
+        }
+      })
+    }
+  }
+  
+  func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, stop urlSchemeTask: WKURLSchemeTask) {
+    urlSchemeTask.stopped?.withLock({
+      $0 = true
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+private extension WKURLSchemeTask {
+  var stopped: Mutex<Bool>? {
+    get {
+      return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &stoppedKey) as? Mutex<Bool> ?? nil
+    }
+    set {
+      objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &stoppedKey, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+private var stoppedKey = malloc(1)
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/AffineViewController.swift
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/AffineViewController.swift
@@ -13,6 +13,19 @@ class AFFiNEViewController: CAPBridgeViewController {
    intelligentsButton.delegate = self
    dismissIntelligentsButton()
  }
+  
+  override func webViewConfiguration(for instanceConfiguration: InstanceConfiguration) -> WKWebViewConfiguration {
+    let configuration = super.webViewConfiguration(for: instanceConfiguration)
+    return configuration
+  }
+  
+  override func webView(with frame: CGRect, configuration: WKWebViewConfiguration) -> WKWebView {
+    configuration.setURLSchemeHandler(AffineHttpHandler(), forURLScheme: "affine-http")
+    configuration.setURLSchemeHandler(AffineHttpHandler(), forURLScheme: "affine-https")
+    configuration.setURLSchemeHandler(AffineWsHandler(), forURLScheme: "affine-ws")
+    configuration.setURLSchemeHandler(AffineWsHandler(), forURLScheme: "affine-wss")
+    return super.webView(with: frame, configuration: configuration)
+}

  override func capacitorDidLoad() {
    let plugins: [CAPPlugin] = [
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/AffineWsHandler.swift
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/AffineWsHandler.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+//
+//  RequestUrlSchemeHandler.swift
+//  App
+//
+//  Created by EYHN on 2025/1/9.
+//
+
+import WebKit
+
+enum AffineWsError: Error {
+  case invalidOperation(reason: String), invalidState(reason: String)
+}
+
+/**
+ this custom url scheme handler simulates websocket connection through an http request.
+ frontend open websocket connections and send messages by sending requests to affine-ws:// or affine-wss://
+ the handler has two endpoints:
+ `affine-ws:///open?uuid={uuid}&url={wsUrl}`: open a websocket connection and return received data through the SSE protocol. If the front-end closes the http connection, the websocket connection will also be closed.
+ `affine-ws:///send?uuid={uuid}`: send the request body data to the websocket connection with the specified uuid.
+ */
+class AffineWsHandler: NSObject, WKURLSchemeHandler {
+  var wsTasks: [UUID: URLSessionWebSocketTask] = [:]
+  func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, start urlSchemeTask: any WKURLSchemeTask) {
+    urlSchemeTask.stopped = Mutex.init(false)
+    guard let rawUrl = urlSchemeTask.request.url else {
+      urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "bad request"))
+      return
+    }
+    guard let urlComponents = URLComponents(url: rawUrl, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true) else {
+      urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "bad request"))
+      return
+    }
+    let path = urlComponents.path
+    if path == "/open" {
+      guard let targetUrlStr = urlComponents.queryItems?.first(where: { $0.name == "url" })?.value else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "url is request"))
+        return
+      }
+      
+      guard let targetUrl = URL(string: targetUrlStr) else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "failed to parse url"))
+        return
+      }
+      
+      guard let uuidStr = urlComponents.queryItems?.first(where: { $0.name == "uuid" })?.value else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "url is request"))
+        return
+      }
+      guard let uuid = UUID(uuidString: uuidStr) else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "invalid uuid"))
+        return
+      }
+      
+      guard let response = HTTPURLResponse.init(url: rawUrl, statusCode: 200, httpVersion: nil, headerFields: [
+        "X-Accel-Buffering": "no",
+        "Content-Type": "text/event-stream",
+        "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
+        "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
+        "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": "*"
+      ]) else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidState(reason: "failed to create response"))
+        return
+      }
+      
+      urlSchemeTask.didReceive(response)
+      let jsonEncoder = JSONEncoder()
+      let json = String(data: try! jsonEncoder.encode(["type": "start"]), encoding: .utf8)!
+      urlSchemeTask.didReceive("data: \(json)\n\n".data(using: .utf8)!)
+      
+      var request = URLRequest(url: targetUrl);
+      request.httpShouldHandleCookies = true
+      
+      let webSocketTask = URLSession.shared.webSocketTask(with: targetUrl)
+      self.wsTasks[uuid] = webSocketTask
+      webSocketTask.resume()
+      
+      urlSchemeTask.wsTask = webSocketTask
+      
+      var completionHandler: ((Result<URLSessionWebSocketTask.Message, any Error>) -> Void)!
+      completionHandler = {
+        let result = $0
+        urlSchemeTask.stopped?.withLock({
+          let stopped = $0
+          if stopped {
+            return
+          }
+          let jsonEncoder = JSONEncoder()
+          switch result {
+          case .success(let message):
+            if case .string(let string) = message {
+              let json = String(data: try! jsonEncoder.encode(["type": "message", "data": string]), encoding: .utf8)!
+              urlSchemeTask.didReceive("data: \(json)\n\n".data(using: .utf8)!)
+            }
+          case .failure(let error):
+            let json = String(data: try! jsonEncoder.encode(["type": "error", "error": error.localizedDescription]), encoding: .utf8)!
+            urlSchemeTask.didReceive("data: \(json)\n\n".data(using: .utf8)!)
+            urlSchemeTask.didFinish()
+          }
+        })
+        
+        // recursive calls
+        webSocketTask.receive(completionHandler: completionHandler)
+      }
+      
+      webSocketTask.receive(completionHandler: completionHandler)
+    } else if path == "/send" {
+      if urlSchemeTask.request.httpMethod != "POST" {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "Method should be POST"))
+        return
+      }
+      guard let uuidStr = urlComponents.queryItems?.first(where: { $0.name == "uuid" })?.value else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "url is request"))
+        return
+      }
+      guard let uuid = UUID(uuidString: uuidStr) else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "invalid uuid"))
+        return
+      }
+      guard let ContentType = urlSchemeTask.request.allHTTPHeaderFields?.first(where: {$0.key.lowercased() == "content-type"})?.value else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "content-type is request"))
+        return
+      }
+      if ContentType != "text/plain" {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "content-type not support"))
+        return
+      }
+      guard let body = urlSchemeTask.request.httpBody else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "no body"))
+        return
+      }
+      let stringBody = String(decoding: body, as: UTF8.self)
+      guard let webSocketTask = self.wsTasks[uuid] else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineWsError.invalidOperation(reason: "connection not found"))
+        return
+      }
+      
+      guard let response = HTTPURLResponse.init(url: rawUrl, statusCode: 200, httpVersion: nil, headerFields: [
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
+        "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
+        "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": "*"
+      ]) else {
+        urlSchemeTask.didFailWithError(AffineHttpError.invalidState(reason: "failed to create response"))
+        return
+      }
+      
+      let jsonEncoder = JSONEncoder()
+      
+      webSocketTask.send(.string(stringBody), completionHandler: {
+        error in
+        urlSchemeTask.stopped?.withLock({
+          if $0 {
+            return
+          }
+          if error != nil {
+            let json = try! jsonEncoder.encode(["error": error!.localizedDescription])
+            urlSchemeTask.didReceive(response)
+            urlSchemeTask.didReceive(json)
+          } else {
+            urlSchemeTask.didReceive(response)
+            urlSchemeTask.didReceive(try! jsonEncoder.encode(["uuid": uuid.uuidString.data(using: .utf8)!]))
+            urlSchemeTask.didFinish()
+          }
+        })
+      })
+    }
+  }
+  
+  func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, stop urlSchemeTask: WKURLSchemeTask) {
+    urlSchemeTask.stopped?.withLock({
+      $0 = false
+    })
+    urlSchemeTask.wsTask?.cancel(with: .abnormalClosure, reason: "Closed".data(using: .utf8))
+  }
+}
+
+private extension WKURLSchemeTask {
+  var stopped: Mutex<Bool>? {
+    get {
+      return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &stoppedKey) as? Mutex<Bool> ?? nil
+    }
+    set {
+      objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &stoppedKey, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN)
+    }
+  }
+  var wsTask: URLSessionWebSocketTask? {
+    get {
+      return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &wsTaskKey) as? URLSessionWebSocketTask
+    }
+    set {
+      objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &stoppedKey, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+private var stoppedKey = malloc(1)
+private var wsTaskKey = malloc(1)
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/Mutex.swift
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/Mutex.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//
+//  Mutex.swift
+//  App
+//
+//  Created by EYHN on 2025/1/11.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+final class Mutex<Wrapped>: @unchecked Sendable {
+  private let lock = NSLock.init()
+  private var wrapped: Wrapped
+  
+  init(_ wrapped: Wrapped) {
+    self.wrapped = wrapped
+  }
+  
+  func withLock<R>(_ body: @Sendable (inout Wrapped) throws -> R) rethrows -> R {
+    self.lock.lock()
+    defer { self.lock.unlock() }
+    return try body(&wrapped)
+  }
+}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/Plugins/NBStore/NBStorePlugin.swift
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/Plugins/NBStore/NBStorePlugin.swift
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ public class NbStorePlugin: CAPPlugin, CAPBridgedPlugin {
    CAPPluginMethod(name: "getPeerPulledRemoteClocks", returnType: CAPPluginReturnPromise),
    CAPPluginMethod(name: "getPeerPulledRemoteClock", returnType: CAPPluginReturnPromise),
    CAPPluginMethod(name: "setPeerPulledRemoteClock", returnType: CAPPluginReturnPromise),
+    CAPPluginMethod(name: "getPeerPushedClock", returnType: CAPPluginReturnPromise),
    CAPPluginMethod(name: "getPeerPushedClocks", returnType: CAPPluginReturnPromise),
    CAPPluginMethod(name: "setPeerPushedClock", returnType: CAPPluginReturnPromise),
    CAPPluginMethod(name: "clearClocks", returnType: CAPPluginReturnPromise),
@@ -334,11 +335,14 @@ public class NbStorePlugin: CAPPlugin, CAPBridgedPlugin {
        let peer = try call.getStringEnsure("peer")
        let docId = try call.getStringEnsure("docId")
        
-        let clock = try await docStoragePool.getPeerRemoteClock(universalId: id, peer: peer, docId: docId)
-        call.resolve([
-          "docId": clock.docId,
-          "timestamp": clock.timestamp,
-        ])
+        if let clock = try await docStoragePool.getPeerRemoteClock(universalId: id, peer: peer, docId: docId) {
+          call.resolve([
+            "docId": clock.docId,
+            "timestamp": clock.timestamp,
+          ])
+        } else {
+          call.resolve()
+        }
        
      } catch {
        call.reject("Failed to get peer remote clock, \(error)", nil, error)
@@ -391,11 +395,14 @@ public class NbStorePlugin: CAPPlugin, CAPBridgedPlugin {
        let peer = try call.getStringEnsure("peer")
        let docId = try call.getStringEnsure("docId")
        
-        let clock = try await docStoragePool.getPeerPulledRemoteClock(universalId: id, peer: peer, docId: docId)
-        call.resolve([
-          "docId": clock.docId,
-          "timestamp": clock.timestamp,
-        ])
+        if let clock = try await docStoragePool.getPeerPulledRemoteClock(universalId: id, peer: peer, docId: docId) {
+          call.resolve([
+            "docId": clock.docId,
+            "timestamp": clock.timestamp,
+          ])
+        } else {
+          call.resolve()
+        }
        
      } catch {
        call.reject("Failed to get peer pulled remote clock, \(error)", nil, error)
@@ -424,6 +431,26 @@ public class NbStorePlugin: CAPPlugin, CAPBridgedPlugin {
    }
  }
  
+  @objc func getPeerPushedClock(_ call: CAPPluginCall) {
+    Task {
+      do {
+        let id = try call.getStringEnsure("id")
+        let peer = try call.getStringEnsure("peer")
+        let docId = try call.getStringEnsure("docId")
+        if let clock = try await docStoragePool.getPeerPushedClock(universalId: id, peer: peer, docId: docId) {
+          call.resolve([
+            "docId": clock.docId,
+            "timestamp": clock.timestamp,
+          ])
+        } else {
+          call.resolve()
+        }
+      } catch {
+        call.reject("Failed to get peer pushed clock, \(error)", nil, error)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
  @objc func getPeerPushedClocks(_ call: CAPPluginCall) {
    Task {
      do {
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/SafeWKURLSchemeTask.swift
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/SafeWKURLSchemeTask.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//
+//  SafeWKURLSchemeTask.swift
+//  App
+//
+//  Created by EYHN on 2025/1/11.
+//
+
+import WebKit
+
+class SafeWKURLSchemeTask: WKURLSchemeTask, NSObject {
+  var origin: any WKURLSchemeTask
+  init(origin: any WKURLSchemeTask) {
+    self.origin = origin
+    self.request = origin.request
+  }
+  
+  var request: URLRequest
+  
+  func didReceive(_ response: URLResponse) {
+    <#code#>
+  }
+  
+  func didReceive(_ data: Data) {
+    self.origin.didReceive(<#T##response: URLResponse##URLResponse#>)
+  }
+  
+  func didFinish() {
+    self.origin.didFinish()
+  }
+  
+  func didFailWithError(_ error: any Error) {
+    self.origin.didFailWithError(error)
+  }
+  
+  
+}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/uniffi/affine_mobile_native.swift
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/uniffi/affine_mobile_native.swift
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/uniffi/affine_mobile_nativeFFI.h
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/App/App/uniffi/affine_mobile_nativeFFI.h
@@ -321,6 +321,11 @@ uint64_t uniffi_affine_mobile_native_fn_method_docstoragepool_get_peer_pulled_re
 uint64_t uniffi_affine_mobile_native_fn_method_docstoragepool_get_peer_pulled_remote_clocks(void*_Nonnull ptr, RustBuffer universal_id, RustBuffer peer
 );
 #endif
+#ifndef UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_FN_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PUSHED_CLOCK
+#define UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_FN_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PUSHED_CLOCK
+uint64_t uniffi_affine_mobile_native_fn_method_docstoragepool_get_peer_pushed_clock(void*_Nonnull ptr, RustBuffer universal_id, RustBuffer peer, RustBuffer doc_id
+);
+#endif
 #ifndef UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_FN_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PUSHED_CLOCKS
 #define UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_FN_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PUSHED_CLOCKS
 uint64_t uniffi_affine_mobile_native_fn_method_docstoragepool_get_peer_pushed_clocks(void*_Nonnull ptr, RustBuffer universal_id, RustBuffer peer
@@ -759,6 +764,12 @@ uint16_t uniffi_affine_mobile_native_checksum_method_docstoragepool_get_peer_pul
 #define UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_CHECKSUM_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PULLED_REMOTE_CLOCKS
 uint16_t uniffi_affine_mobile_native_checksum_method_docstoragepool_get_peer_pulled_remote_clocks(void
    
+);
+#endif
+#ifndef UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_CHECKSUM_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PUSHED_CLOCK
+#define UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_CHECKSUM_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PUSHED_CLOCK
+uint16_t uniffi_affine_mobile_native_checksum_method_docstoragepool_get_peer_pushed_clock(void
+    
 );
 #endif
 #ifndef UNIFFI_FFIDEF_UNIFFI_AFFINE_MOBILE_NATIVE_CHECKSUM_METHOD_DOCSTORAGEPOOL_GET_PEER_PUSHED_CLOCKS
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/capacitor.config.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/capacitor.config.ts
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ const config: CapacitorConfig = {
  },
  plugins: {
    CapacitorCookies: {
-      enabled: true,
+      enabled: false,
    },
    CapacitorHttp: {
-      enabled: true,
+      enabled: false,
    },
    Keyboard: {
      resize: KeyboardResize.Native,
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/package.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/package.json
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
    "@capacitor/keyboard": "^6.0.3",
    "@sentry/react": "^8.44.0",
    "@toeverything/infra": "workspace:^",
+    "async-call-rpc": "^6.4.2",
    "next-themes": "^0.4.4",
    "react": "^19.0.0",
    "react-dom": "^19.0.0",
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/app.tsx
@@ -12,23 +12,22 @@ import {
  DefaultServerService,
  ServersService,
  ValidatorProvider,
-  WebSocketAuthProvider,
 } from '@affine/core/modules/cloud';
 import { DocsService } from '@affine/core/modules/doc';
 import { GlobalContextService } from '@affine/core/modules/global-context';
 import { I18nProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/i18n';
 import { LifecycleService } from '@affine/core/modules/lifecycle';
-import { configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls } from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
+import {
+  configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls,
+  NbstoreProvider,
+} from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
 import { PopupWindowProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/url';
 import { ClientSchemeProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/url/providers/client-schema';
-import { configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/userspace';
 import { configureBrowserWorkbenchModule } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
 import { WorkspacesService } from '@affine/core/modules/workspace';
-import {
-  configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours,
-  configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider,
-} from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
+import { configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours } from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
 import { I18n } from '@affine/i18n';
+import { WorkerClient } from '@affine/nbstore/worker/client';
 import {
  defaultBlockMarkdownAdapterMatchers,
  docLinkBaseURLMiddleware,
@@ -44,16 +43,17 @@ import { Browser } from '@capacitor/browser';
 import { Haptics } from '@capacitor/haptics';
 import { Keyboard, KeyboardStyle } from '@capacitor/keyboard';
 import { Framework, FrameworkRoot, getCurrentStore } from '@toeverything/infra';
+import { OpClient } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
+import { AsyncCall } from 'async-call-rpc';
 import { useTheme } from 'next-themes';
 import { Suspense, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom';

 import { BlocksuiteMenuConfigProvider } from './bs-menu-config';
-import { configureFetchProvider } from './fetch';
 import { ModalConfigProvider } from './modal-config';
-import { Cookie } from './plugins/cookie';
 import { Hashcash } from './plugins/hashcash';
 import { Intelligents } from './plugins/intelligents';
+import { NbStoreNativeDBApis } from './plugins/nbstore';
 import { enableNavigationGesture$ } from './web-navigation-control';

 const future = {
@@ -65,9 +65,52 @@ configureCommonModules(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkbenchModule(framework);
 configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours(framework);
-configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider(framework);
-configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider(framework);
 configureMobileModules(framework);
+framework.impl(NbstoreProvider, {
+  openStore(_key, options) {
+    const worker = new Worker(
+      new URL(
+        /* webpackChunkName: "nbstore-worker" */ './worker.ts',
+        import.meta.url
+      )
+    );
+    const { port1: nativeDBApiChannelServer, port2: nativeDBApiChannelClient } =
+      new MessageChannel();
+    AsyncCall<typeof NbStoreNativeDBApis>(NbStoreNativeDBApis, {
+      channel: {
+        on(listener) {
+          const f = (e: MessageEvent<any>) => {
+            listener(e.data);
+          };
+          nativeDBApiChannelServer.addEventListener('message', f);
+          return () => {
+            nativeDBApiChannelServer.removeEventListener('message', f);
+          };
+        },
+        send(data) {
+          nativeDBApiChannelServer.postMessage(data);
+        },
+      },
+      log: false,
+    });
+    nativeDBApiChannelServer.start();
+    worker.postMessage(
+      {
+        type: 'native-db-api-channel',
+        port: nativeDBApiChannelClient,
+      },
+      [nativeDBApiChannelClient]
+    );
+    const client = new WorkerClient(new OpClient(worker), options);
+    return {
+      store: client,
+      dispose: () => {
+        worker.terminate();
+        nativeDBApiChannelServer.close();
+      },
+    };
+  },
+});
 framework.impl(PopupWindowProvider, {
  open: (url: string) => {
    Browser.open({
@@ -81,18 +124,6 @@ framework.impl(ClientSchemeProvider, {
    return 'affine';
  },
 });
-configureFetchProvider(framework);
-framework.impl(WebSocketAuthProvider, {
-  getAuthToken: async url => {
-    const cookies = await Cookie.getCookies({
-      url,
-    });
-    return {
-      userId: cookies['affine_user_id'],
-      token: cookies['affine_session'],
-    };
-  },
-});
 framework.impl(ValidatorProvider, {
  async validate(_challenge, resource) {
    const res = await Hashcash.hash({ challenge: resource });
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/fetch.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/fetch.ts
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * this file is modified from part of https://github.com/ionic-team/capacitor/blob/74c3e9447e1e32e73f818d252eb12f453d849e8d/ios/Capacitor/Capacitor/assets/native-bridge.js#L466
- *
- * for support arraybuffer response type
- */
-import { RawFetchProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/cloud/provider/fetch';
-import { CapacitorHttp } from '@capacitor/core';
-import type { Framework } from '@toeverything/infra';
-
-const readFileAsBase64 = (file: File) =>
-  new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    const reader = new FileReader();
-    reader.onloadend = () => {
-      const data = reader.result;
-      if (data === null) {
-        reject(new Error('Failed to read file'));
-      } else {
-        resolve(btoa(data as string));
-      }
-    };
-    reader.onerror = reject;
-    reader.readAsBinaryString(file);
-  });
-const convertFormData = async (formData: FormData) => {
-  const newFormData = [];
-  for (const pair of formData.entries()) {
-    const [key, value] = pair;
-    if (value instanceof File) {
-      const base64File = await readFileAsBase64(value);
-      newFormData.push({
-        key,
-        value: base64File,
-        type: 'base64File',
-        contentType: value.type,
-        fileName: value.name,
-      });
-    } else {
-      newFormData.push({ key, value, type: 'string' });
-    }
-  }
-  return newFormData;
-};
-const convertBody = async (body: unknown, contentType: string) => {
-  if (body instanceof ReadableStream || body instanceof Uint8Array) {
-    let encodedData;
-    if (body instanceof ReadableStream) {
-      const reader = body.getReader();
-      const chunks = [];
-
-      while (true) {
-        const { done, value } = await reader.read();
-        if (done) break;
-        chunks.push(value);
-      }
-      const concatenated = new Uint8Array(
-        chunks.reduce((acc, chunk) => acc + chunk.length, 0)
-      );
-      let position = 0;
-      for (const chunk of chunks) {
-        concatenated.set(chunk, position);
-        position += chunk.length;
-      }
-      encodedData = concatenated;
-    } else {
-      encodedData = body;
-    }
-    let data = new TextDecoder().decode(encodedData);
-    let type;
-    if (contentType === 'application/json') {
-      try {
-        data = JSON.parse(data);
-      } catch {
-        // ignore
-      }
-      type = 'json';
-    } else if (contentType === 'multipart/form-data') {
-      type = 'formData';
-    } else if (
-      contentType === null || contentType === void 0
-        ? void 0
-        : contentType.startsWith('image')
-    ) {
-      type = 'image';
-    } else if (contentType === 'application/octet-stream') {
-      type = 'binary';
-    } else {
-      type = 'text';
-    }
-    return {
-      data,
-      type,
-      headers: { 'Content-Type': contentType || 'application/octet-stream' },
-    };
-  } else if (body instanceof URLSearchParams) {
-    return {
-      data: body.toString(),
-      type: 'text',
-    };
-  } else if (body instanceof FormData) {
-    const formData = await convertFormData(body);
-    return {
-      data: formData,
-      type: 'formData',
-    };
-  } else if (body instanceof File) {
-    const fileData = await readFileAsBase64(body);
-    return {
-      data: fileData,
-      type: 'file',
-      headers: { 'Content-Type': body.type },
-    };
-  }
-  return { data: body, type: 'json' };
-};
-function base64ToUint8Array(base64: string) {
-  const binaryString = atob(base64);
-  const binaryArray = [...binaryString].map(function (char) {
-    return char.charCodeAt(0);
-  });
-  return new Uint8Array(binaryArray);
-}
-export function configureFetchProvider(framework: Framework) {
-  framework.override(RawFetchProvider, {
-    fetch: async (input, init) => {
-      const request = new Request(input, init);
-      const { method } = request;
-      const tag = `CapacitorHttp fetch ${Date.now()} ${input}`;
-      console.time(tag);
-      try {
-        const { body } = request;
-        const optionHeaders = Object.fromEntries(request.headers.entries());
-        const {
-          data: requestData,
-          type,
-          headers,
-        } = await convertBody(
-          (init === null || init === void 0 ? void 0 : init.body) ||
-            body ||
-            undefined,
-          optionHeaders['Content-Type'] || optionHeaders['content-type']
-        );
-        const accept = optionHeaders['Accept'] || optionHeaders['accept'];
-        const nativeResponse = await CapacitorHttp.request({
-          url: request.url,
-          method: method,
-          data: requestData,
-          dataType: type as any,
-          responseType:
-            accept === 'application/octet-stream' ? 'arraybuffer' : undefined,
-          headers: Object.assign(Object.assign({}, headers), optionHeaders),
-        });
-        const contentType =
-          nativeResponse.headers['Content-Type'] ||
-          nativeResponse.headers['content-type'];
-        let data =
-          accept === 'application/octet-stream'
-            ? base64ToUint8Array(nativeResponse.data)
-            : contentType === null || contentType === void 0
-              ? void 0
-              : contentType.startsWith('application/json')
-                ? JSON.stringify(nativeResponse.data)
-                : contentType === 'application/octet-stream'
-                  ? base64ToUint8Array(nativeResponse.data)
-                  : nativeResponse.data;
-
-        // use null data for 204 No Content HTTP response
-        if (nativeResponse.status === 204) {
-          data = null;
-        }
-        // intercept & parse response before returning
-        const response = new Response(new Blob([data], { type: contentType }), {
-          headers: nativeResponse.headers,
-          status: nativeResponse.status,
-        });
-        /*
-         * copy url to response, `cordova-plugin-ionic` uses this url from the response
-         * we need `Object.defineProperty` because url is an inherited getter on the Response
-         * see: https://stackoverflow.com/a/57382543
-         * */
-        Object.defineProperty(response, 'url', {
-          value: nativeResponse.url,
-        });
-        console.timeEnd(tag);
-        return response;
-      } catch (error) {
-        console.timeEnd(tag);
-        throw error;
-      }
-    },
-  });
-}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/index.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import './setup';
+import '@affine/component/theme';
+import '@affine/core/mobile/styles/mobile.css';

+import { bindNativeDBApis } from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite';
 import {
  init,
  reactRouterV6BrowserTracingIntegration,
@@ -15,18 +18,15 @@ import {
 } from 'react-router-dom';

 import { App } from './app';
+import { NbStoreNativeDBApis } from './plugins/nbstore';
+
+bindNativeDBApis(NbStoreNativeDBApis);
+
+// TODO(@L-Sun) Uncomment this when the `show` method implement by `@capacitor/keyboard` in ios
+// import './virtual-keyboard';

 function main() {
  if (BUILD_CONFIG.debug || window.SENTRY_RELEASE) {
-    // workaround for Capacitor HttpPlugin
-    // capacitor-http-plugin will replace window.XMLHttpRequest with its own implementation
-    // but XMLHttpRequest.prototype is not defined which is used by sentry
-    // see: https://github.com/ionic-team/capacitor/blob/74c3e9447e1e32e73f818d252eb12f453d849e8d/core/native-bridge.ts#L581
-    if ('CapacitorWebXMLHttpRequest' in window) {
-      window.XMLHttpRequest.prototype = (
-        window.CapacitorWebXMLHttpRequest as any
-      ).prototype;
-    }
    // https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/javascript/guides/react/#configure
    init({
      dsn: process.env.SENTRY_DSN,
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/cookie/definitions.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/cookie/definitions.ts
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-export interface CookiePlugin {
-  /**
-   * Returns the screen's current orientation.
-   */
-  getCookies(options: { url: string }): Promise<Record<string, string>>;
-}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/cookie/index.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/cookie/index.ts
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-import { registerPlugin } from '@capacitor/core';
-
-import type { CookiePlugin } from './definitions';
-
-const Cookie = registerPlugin<CookiePlugin>('Cookie');
-
-export * from './definitions';
-export { Cookie };
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/nbstore/definitions.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/nbstore/definitions.ts
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ export interface NbStorePlugin {
    timestamps: number[];
  }) => Promise<{ count: number }>;
  deleteDoc: (options: { id: string; docId: string }) => Promise<void>;
-  getDocClocks: (options: { id: string; after?: number | null }) => Promise<
-    {
+  getDocClocks: (options: { id: string; after?: number | null }) => Promise<{
+    clocks: {
      docId: string;
      timestamp: number;
-    }[]
-  >;
+    }[];
+  }>;
  getDocClock: (options: { id: string; docId: string }) => Promise<
    | {
        docId: string;
@@ -95,47 +95,47 @@ export interface NbStorePlugin {
  getPeerRemoteClocks: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
-  }) => Promise<Array<DocClock>>;
+  }) => Promise<{ clocks: Array<DocClock> }>;
  getPeerRemoteClock: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
    docId: string;
-  }) => Promise<DocClock>;
+  }) => Promise<DocClock | null>;
  setPeerRemoteClock: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
    docId: string;
-    clock: number;
+    timestamp: number;
  }) => Promise<void>;
  getPeerPushedClocks: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
-  }) => Promise<Array<DocClock>>;
+  }) => Promise<{ clocks: Array<DocClock> }>;
  getPeerPushedClock: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
    docId: string;
-  }) => Promise<DocClock>;
+  }) => Promise<DocClock | null>;
  setPeerPushedClock: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
    docId: string;
-    clock: number;
+    timestamp: number;
  }) => Promise<void>;
  getPeerPulledRemoteClocks: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
-  }) => Promise<Array<DocClock>>;
+  }) => Promise<{ clocks: Array<DocClock> }>;
  getPeerPulledRemoteClock: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
    docId: string;
-  }) => Promise<DocClock>;
+  }) => Promise<DocClock | null>;
  setPeerPulledRemoteClock: (options: {
    id: string;
    peer: string;
    docId: string;
-    clock: number;
+    timestamp: number;
  }) => Promise<void>;
  clearClocks: (options: { id: string }) => Promise<void>;
 }
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/nbstore/index.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/plugins/nbstore/index.ts
@@ -96,10 +96,12 @@ export const NbStoreNativeDBApis: NativeDBApis = {
    id: string,
    after?: Date | undefined | null
  ): Promise<DocClock[]> {
-    const clocks = await NbStore.getDocClocks({
-      id,
-      after: after?.getTime(),
-    });
+    const clocks = (
+      await NbStore.getDocClocks({
+        id,
+        after: after?.getTime(),
+      })
+    ).clocks;
    return clocks.map(c => ({
      docId: c.docId,
      timestamp: new Date(c.timestamp),
@@ -176,30 +178,30 @@ export const NbStoreNativeDBApis: NativeDBApis = {
    id: string,
    peer: string
  ): Promise<DocClock[]> {
-    const clocks = await NbStore.getPeerRemoteClocks({
-      id,
-      peer,
-    });
+    const clocks = (
+      await NbStore.getPeerRemoteClocks({
+        id,
+        peer,
+      })
+    ).clocks;

    return clocks.map(c => ({
      docId: c.docId,
      timestamp: new Date(c.timestamp),
    }));
  },
-  getPeerRemoteClock: async function (
-    id: string,
-    peer: string,
-    docId: string
-  ): Promise<DocClock> {
+  getPeerRemoteClock: async function (id: string, peer: string, docId: string) {
    const clock = await NbStore.getPeerRemoteClock({
      id,
      peer,
      docId,
    });
-    return {
-      docId: clock.docId,
-      timestamp: new Date(clock.timestamp),
-    };
+    return clock
+      ? {
+          docId: clock.docId,
+          timestamp: new Date(clock.timestamp),
+        }
+      : null;
  },
  setPeerRemoteClock: async function (
    id: string,
@@ -211,17 +213,19 @@ export const NbStoreNativeDBApis: NativeDBApis = {
      id,
      peer,
      docId,
-      clock: clock.getTime(),
+      timestamp: clock.getTime(),
    });
  },
  getPeerPulledRemoteClocks: async function (
    id: string,
    peer: string
  ): Promise<DocClock[]> {
-    const clocks = await NbStore.getPeerPulledRemoteClocks({
-      id,
-      peer,
-    });
+    const clocks = (
+      await NbStore.getPeerPulledRemoteClocks({
+        id,
+        peer,
+      })
+    ).clocks;
    return clocks.map(c => ({
      docId: c.docId,
      timestamp: new Date(c.timestamp),
@@ -231,16 +235,18 @@ export const NbStoreNativeDBApis: NativeDBApis = {
    id: string,
    peer: string,
    docId: string
-  ): Promise<DocClock> {
+  ) {
    const clock = await NbStore.getPeerPulledRemoteClock({
      id,
      peer,
      docId,
    });
-    return {
-      docId: clock.docId,
-      timestamp: new Date(clock.timestamp),
-    };
+    return clock
+      ? {
+          docId: clock.docId,
+          timestamp: new Date(clock.timestamp),
+        }
+      : null;
  },
  setPeerPulledRemoteClock: async function (
    id: string,
@@ -252,17 +258,19 @@ export const NbStoreNativeDBApis: NativeDBApis = {
      id,
      peer,
      docId,
-      clock: clock.getTime(),
+      timestamp: clock.getTime(),
    });
  },
  getPeerPushedClocks: async function (
    id: string,
    peer: string
  ): Promise<DocClock[]> {
-    const clocks = await NbStore.getPeerPushedClocks({
-      id,
-      peer,
-    });
+    const clocks = (
+      await NbStore.getPeerPushedClocks({
+        id,
+        peer,
+      })
+    ).clocks;
    return clocks.map(c => ({
      docId: c.docId,
      timestamp: new Date(c.timestamp),
@@ -272,16 +280,18 @@ export const NbStoreNativeDBApis: NativeDBApis = {
    id: string,
    peer: string,
    docId: string
-  ): Promise<DocClock> {
+  ): Promise<DocClock | null> {
    const clock = await NbStore.getPeerPushedClock({
      id,
      peer,
      docId,
    });
-    return {
-      docId: clock.docId,
-      timestamp: new Date(clock.timestamp),
-    };
+    return clock
+      ? {
+          docId: clock.docId,
+          timestamp: new Date(clock.timestamp),
+        }
+      : null;
  },
  setPeerPushedClock: async function (
    id: string,
@@ -293,7 +303,7 @@ export const NbStoreNativeDBApis: NativeDBApis = {
      id,
      peer,
      docId,
-      clock: clock.getTime(),
+      timestamp: clock.getTime(),
    });
  },
  clearClocks: async function (id: string): Promise<void> {
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/setup.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/setup.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,191 @@
 import '@affine/core/bootstrap/browser';
-import '@affine/component/theme';
-import '@affine/core/mobile/styles/mobile.css';

-// TODO(@L-Sun) Uncomment this when the `show` method implement by `@capacitor/keyboard` in ios
-// import './virtual-keyboard';
+/**
+ * the below code includes the custom fetch and websocket implementation for ios webview.
+ * should be included in the entry file of the app or webworker.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * we override the browser's fetch function with our custom fetch function to
+ * overcome the restrictions of cross-domain and third-party cookies in ios webview.
+ *
+ * the custom fetch function will convert the request to `affine-http://` or `affine-https://`
+ * and send the request to the server.
+ */
+const rawFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+globalThis.fetch = async (input: RequestInfo | URL, init?: RequestInit) => {
+  const url = new URL(
+    typeof input === 'string'
+      ? input
+      : input instanceof URL
+        ? input.toString()
+        : input.url,
+    globalThis.location.origin
+  );
+
+  if (url.protocol === 'capacitor:') {
+    return rawFetch(input, init);
+  }
+
+  if (url.protocol === 'http:') {
+    url.protocol = 'affine-http:';
+  }
+
+  if (url.protocol === 'https:') {
+    url.protocol = 'affine-https:';
+  }
+
+  return rawFetch(url, input instanceof Request ? input : init);
+};
+
+/**
+ * we create a custom websocket class to simulate the browser's websocket connection
+ * through the custom url scheme handler.
+ *
+ * to overcome the restrictions of cross-domain and third-party cookies in ios webview,
+ * the front-end opens a websocket connection and sends a message by sending a request
+ * to `affine-ws://` or `affine-wss://`.
+ *
+ * the scheme has two endpoints:
+ *
+ * `affine-ws:///open?uuid={uuid}&url={wsUrl}`: opens a websocket connection and returns
+ * the received data via the SSE protocol.
+ * If the front-end closes the http connection, the websocket connection will also be closed.
+ *
+ * `affine-ws:///send?uuid={uuid}`: sends the request body data to the websocket connection
+ * with the specified uuid.
+ */
+class WrappedWebSocket {
+  static CLOSED = WebSocket.CLOSED;
+  static CLOSING = WebSocket.CLOSING;
+  static CONNECTING = WebSocket.CONNECTING;
+  static OPEN = WebSocket.OPEN;
+  readonly isWss: boolean;
+  readonly uuid = crypto.randomUUID();
+  readyState: number = WebSocket.CONNECTING;
+  events: Record<string, ((event: any) => void)[]> = {};
+  onopen: ((event: any) => void) | undefined = undefined;
+  onclose: ((event: any) => void) | undefined = undefined;
+  onerror: ((event: any) => void) | undefined = undefined;
+  onmessage: ((event: any) => void) | undefined = undefined;
+  eventSource: EventSource;
+  constructor(
+    readonly url: string,
+    _protocols?: string | string[] // not supported yet
+  ) {
+    const parsedUrl = new URL(url);
+    this.isWss = parsedUrl.protocol === 'wss:';
+    this.eventSource = new EventSource(
+      `${this.isWss ? 'affine-wss' : 'affine-ws'}:///open?uuid=${this.uuid}&url=${encodeURIComponent(this.url)}`
+    );
+    this.eventSource.addEventListener('open', () => {
+      this.emitOpen(new Event('open'));
+    });
+    this.eventSource.addEventListener('error', () => {
+      this.eventSource.close();
+      this.emitError(new Event('error'));
+      this.emitClose(new CloseEvent('close'));
+    });
+    this.eventSource.addEventListener('message', data => {
+      const decodedData = JSON.parse(data.data);
+      if (decodedData.type === 'message') {
+        this.emitMessage(
+          new MessageEvent('message', { data: decodedData.data })
+        );
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  send(data: string) {
+    rawFetch(
+      `${this.isWss ? 'affine-wss' : 'affine-ws'}:///send?uuid=${this.uuid}`,
+      {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
+        },
+        body: data,
+      }
+    ).catch(e => {
+      console.error('Failed to send message', e);
+    });
+  }
+
+  close() {
+    this.eventSource.close();
+    this.emitClose(new CloseEvent('close'));
+  }
+
+  addEventListener(type: string, listener: (event: any) => void) {
+    this.events[type] = this.events[type] || [];
+    this.events[type].push(listener);
+  }
+
+  removeEventListener(type: string, listener: (event: any) => void) {
+    this.events[type] = this.events[type] || [];
+    this.events[type] = this.events[type].filter(l => l !== listener);
+  }
+
+  private emitOpen(event: Event) {
+    this.readyState = WebSocket.OPEN;
+    this.events['open']?.forEach(listener => {
+      try {
+        listener(event);
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
+      }
+    });
+    try {
+      this.onopen?.(event);
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private emitClose(event: CloseEvent) {
+    this.readyState = WebSocket.CLOSED;
+    this.events['close']?.forEach(listener => {
+      try {
+        listener(event);
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
+      }
+    });
+    try {
+      this.onclose?.(event);
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private emitMessage(event: MessageEvent) {
+    this.events['message']?.forEach(listener => {
+      try {
+        listener(event);
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
+      }
+    });
+    try {
+      this.onmessage?.(event);
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private emitError(event: Event) {
+    this.events['error']?.forEach(listener => {
+      try {
+        listener(event);
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
+      }
+    });
+    try {
+      this.onerror?.(event);
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error(e);
+    }
+  }
+}
+globalThis.WebSocket = WrappedWebSocket as any;
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/worker.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/ios/src/worker.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import './setup';
+
+import { broadcastChannelStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/broadcast-channel';
+import { cloudStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/cloud';
+import {
+  bindNativeDBApis,
+  type NativeDBApis,
+  sqliteStorages,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/sqlite';
+import {
+  WorkerConsumer,
+  type WorkerOps,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/worker/consumer';
+import { type MessageCommunicapable, OpConsumer } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
+import { AsyncCall } from 'async-call-rpc';
+
+globalThis.addEventListener('message', e => {
+  if (e.data.type === 'native-db-api-channel') {
+    const port = e.ports[0] as MessagePort;
+    const rpc = AsyncCall<NativeDBApis>(
+      {},
+      {
+        channel: {
+          on(listener) {
+            const f = (e: MessageEvent<any>) => {
+              listener(e.data);
+            };
+            port.addEventListener('message', f);
+            return () => {
+              port.removeEventListener('message', f);
+            };
+          },
+          send(data) {
+            port.postMessage(data);
+          },
+        },
+      }
+    );
+    bindNativeDBApis(rpc);
+    port.start();
+  }
+});
+
+const consumer = new OpConsumer<WorkerOps>(globalThis as MessageCommunicapable);
+
+const worker = new WorkerConsumer([
+  ...sqliteStorages,
+  ...broadcastChannelStorages,
+  ...cloudStorages,
+]);
+
+worker.bindConsumer(consumer);
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/package.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/package.json
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
    "@affine/component": "workspace:*",
    "@affine/core": "workspace:*",
    "@affine/i18n": "workspace:*",
+    "@affine/nbstore": "workspace:*",
    "@blocksuite/affine": "workspace:*",
    "@blocksuite/icons": "2.2.2",
    "@sentry/react": "^8.44.0",
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/src/app.tsx
@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ import { router } from '@affine/core/mobile/router';
 import { configureCommonModules } from '@affine/core/modules';
 import { I18nProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/i18n';
 import { LifecycleService } from '@affine/core/modules/lifecycle';
-import { configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls } from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
-import { PopupWindowProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/url';
-import { configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/userspace';
-import { configureBrowserWorkbenchModule } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
 import {
-  configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours,
-  configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider,
-} from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
+  configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls,
+  NbstoreProvider,
+} from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
+import { PopupWindowProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/url';
+import { configureBrowserWorkbenchModule } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
+import { configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours } from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
+import { WorkerClient } from '@affine/nbstore/worker/client';
 import { Framework, FrameworkRoot, getCurrentStore } from '@toeverything/infra';
+import { OpClient } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
 import { Suspense } from 'react';
 import { RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom';

@@ -27,9 +28,43 @@ configureCommonModules(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkbenchModule(framework);
 configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours(framework);
-configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider(framework);
-configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider(framework);
 configureMobileModules(framework);
+framework.impl(NbstoreProvider, {
+  openStore(key, options) {
+    if (window.SharedWorker) {
+      const worker = new SharedWorker(
+        new URL(
+          /* webpackChunkName: "nbstore" */ './nbstore.ts',
+          import.meta.url
+        ),
+        { name: key }
+      );
+      const client = new WorkerClient(new OpClient(worker.port), options);
+      worker.port.start();
+      return {
+        store: client,
+        dispose: () => {
+          worker.port.postMessage({ type: '__close__' });
+          worker.port.close();
+        },
+      };
+    } else {
+      const worker = new Worker(
+        new URL(
+          /* webpackChunkName: "nbstore" */ './nbstore.ts',
+          import.meta.url
+        )
+      );
+      const client = new WorkerClient(new OpClient(worker), options);
+      return {
+        store: client,
+        dispose: () => {
+          worker.terminate();
+        },
+      };
+    }
+  },
+});
 framework.impl(PopupWindowProvider, {
  open: (target: string) => {
    const targetUrl = new URL(target);
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/src/index.tsx
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function main() {
 }

 function mountApp() {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line no-non-null-assertion
  const root = document.getElementById('app')!;
  createRoot(root).render(
    <StrictMode>
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/src/nbstore.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/src/nbstore.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import '@affine/core/bootstrap/browser';
+
+import { broadcastChannelStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/broadcast-channel';
+import { cloudStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/cloud';
+import { idbStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/idb';
+import { idbV1Storages } from '@affine/nbstore/idb/v1';
+import {
+  WorkerConsumer,
+  type WorkerOps,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/worker/consumer';
+import { type MessageCommunicapable, OpConsumer } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
+
+const consumer = new WorkerConsumer([
+  ...idbStorages,
+  ...idbV1Storages,
+  ...broadcastChannelStorages,
+  ...cloudStorages,
+]);
+
+if ('onconnect' in globalThis) {
+  // if in shared worker
+  let activeConnectionCount = 0;
+
+  (globalThis as any).onconnect = (event: MessageEvent) => {
+    activeConnectionCount++;
+    const port = event.ports[0];
+    port.addEventListener('message', (event: MessageEvent) => {
+      if (event.data.type === '__close__') {
+        activeConnectionCount--;
+        if (activeConnectionCount === 0) {
+          globalThis.close();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    const opConsumer = new OpConsumer<WorkerOps>(port);
+    consumer.bindConsumer(opConsumer);
+  };
+} else {
+  // if in worker
+  const opConsumer = new OpConsumer<WorkerOps>(
+    globalThis as MessageCommunicapable
+  );
+
+  consumer.bindConsumer(opConsumer);
+}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/mobile/tsconfig.json
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
    { "path": "../../component" },
    { "path": "../../core" },
    { "path": "../../i18n" },
+    { "path": "../../../common/nbstore" },
    { "path": "../../../../blocksuite/affine/all" },
    { "path": "../../../common/infra" }
  ]
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/web/package.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/web/package.json
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
    "@affine/component": "workspace:*",
    "@affine/core": "workspace:*",
    "@affine/i18n": "workspace:*",
+    "@affine/nbstore": "workspace:*",
    "@emotion/react": "^11.14.0",
    "@sentry/react": "^8.44.0",
    "@toeverything/infra": "workspace:*",
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/web/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/web/src/app.tsx
@@ -5,17 +5,18 @@ import { configureCommonModules } from '@affine/core/modules';
 import { I18nProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/i18n';
 import { LifecycleService } from '@affine/core/modules/lifecycle';
 import { OpenInAppGuard } from '@affine/core/modules/open-in-app';
-import { configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls } from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
-import { PopupWindowProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/url';
-import { configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/userspace';
-import { configureBrowserWorkbenchModule } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
 import {
-  configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours,
-  configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider,
-} from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
+  configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls,
+  NbstoreProvider,
+} from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
+import { PopupWindowProvider } from '@affine/core/modules/url';
+import { configureBrowserWorkbenchModule } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
+import { configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours } from '@affine/core/modules/workspace-engine';
 import createEmotionCache from '@affine/core/utils/create-emotion-cache';
+import { WorkerClient } from '@affine/nbstore/worker/client';
 import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
 import { Framework, FrameworkRoot, getCurrentStore } from '@toeverything/infra';
+import { OpClient } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
 import { Suspense } from 'react';
 import { RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom';

@@ -30,8 +31,41 @@ configureCommonModules(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkbenchModule(framework);
 configureLocalStorageStateStorageImpls(framework);
 configureBrowserWorkspaceFlavours(framework);
-configureIndexedDBWorkspaceEngineStorageProvider(framework);
-configureIndexedDBUserspaceStorageProvider(framework);
+framework.impl(NbstoreProvider, {
+  openStore(key, options) {
+    if (window.SharedWorker) {
+      const worker = new SharedWorker(
+        new URL(
+          /* webpackChunkName: "nbstore" */ './nbstore.ts',
+          import.meta.url
+        ),
+        { name: key }
+      );
+      const client = new WorkerClient(new OpClient(worker.port), options);
+      return {
+        store: client,
+        dispose: () => {
+          worker.port.postMessage({ type: '__close__' });
+          worker.port.close();
+        },
+      };
+    } else {
+      const worker = new Worker(
+        new URL(
+          /* webpackChunkName: "nbstore" */ './nbstore.ts',
+          import.meta.url
+        )
+      );
+      const client = new WorkerClient(new OpClient(worker), options);
+      return {
+        store: client,
+        dispose: () => {
+          worker.terminate();
+        },
+      };
+    }
+  },
+});
 framework.impl(PopupWindowProvider, {
  open: (target: string) => {
    const targetUrl = new URL(target);
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/web/src/nbstore.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/web/src/nbstore.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import '@affine/core/bootstrap/browser';
+
+import { broadcastChannelStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/broadcast-channel';
+import { cloudStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/cloud';
+import { idbStorages } from '@affine/nbstore/idb';
+import { idbV1Storages } from '@affine/nbstore/idb/v1';
+import {
+  WorkerConsumer,
+  type WorkerOps,
+} from '@affine/nbstore/worker/consumer';
+import { type MessageCommunicapable, OpConsumer } from '@toeverything/infra/op';
+
+const consumer = new WorkerConsumer([
+  ...idbStorages,
+  ...idbV1Storages,
+  ...broadcastChannelStorages,
+  ...cloudStorages,
+]);
+
+if ('onconnect' in globalThis) {
+  // if in shared worker
+  let activeConnectionCount = 0;
+
+  (globalThis as any).onconnect = (event: MessageEvent) => {
+    activeConnectionCount++;
+    const port = event.ports[0];
+    port.addEventListener('message', (event: MessageEvent) => {
+      if (event.data.type === '__close__') {
+        activeConnectionCount--;
+        if (activeConnectionCount === 0) {
+          globalThis.close();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    const opConsumer = new OpConsumer<WorkerOps>(port);
+    consumer.bindConsumer(opConsumer);
+  };
+} else {
+  // if in worker
+  const opConsumer = new OpConsumer<WorkerOps>(
+    globalThis as MessageCommunicapable
+  );
+
+  consumer.bindConsumer(opConsumer);
+}
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/web/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/web/tsconfig.json
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
    { "path": "../../component" },
    { "path": "../../core" },
    { "path": "../../i18n" },
+    { "path": "../../../common/nbstore" },
    { "path": "../../../common/infra" }
  ]
 }