diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.spec.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.spec.ts
index 4fd489cdb6..90fd51169f 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.spec.ts
@@ -334,4 +334,58 @@ Inserted at tail.
       updates: {},
     });
   });
+
+  test('should handle interval insertions & deletions', () => {
+    const oldMd = `
+<!-- block_id=block-001 flavour=title -->
+# 1
+
+<!-- block_id=block-002 flavour=paragraph -->
+2
+
+<!-- block_id=block-003 flavour=paragraph -->
+3
+
+<!-- block_id=block-004 flavour=paragraph -->
+4
+
+<!-- block_id=block-005 flavour=paragraph -->
+5
+`;
+    const newMd = `
+<!-- block_id=block-001 flavour=title -->
+# 1
+
+<!-- block_id=block-002 flavour=paragraph -->
+2
+
+<!-- block_id=block-004 flavour=paragraph -->
+4
+
+<!-- block_id=block-006 flavour=paragraph -->
+6
+
+<!-- block_id=block-007 flavour=paragraph -->
+7
+`;
+    const diff = generateRenderDiff(oldMd, newMd);
+    expect(diff).toEqual({
+      deletes: ['block-003', 'block-005'],
+      inserts: {
+        'block-004': [
+          {
+            id: 'block-006',
+            type: 'paragraph',
+            content: '6',
+          },
+          {
+            id: 'block-007',
+            type: 'paragraph',
+            content: '7',
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      updates: {},
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.spec.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.spec.ts
index 9e5319d9ee..4728fc2306 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/__tests__/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.spec.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ This is a new paragraph.
       {
         op: 'insert',
         index: 1,
+        after: 'block-001',
         block: {
           id: 'block-002',
           type: 'paragraph',
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ New paragraph.
       {
         op: 'insert',
         index: 2,
+        after: 'block-002',
         block: {
           id: 'block-004',
           type: 'paragraph',
@@ -138,6 +140,7 @@ Second inserted paragraph.
       {
         op: 'insert',
         index: 1,
+        after: 'block-001',
         block: {
           id: 'block-002',
           type: 'paragraph',
@@ -147,6 +150,7 @@ Second inserted paragraph.
       {
         op: 'insert',
         index: 2,
+        after: 'block-002',
         block: {
           id: 'block-003',
           type: 'paragraph',
@@ -213,6 +217,7 @@ This is a new paragraph inserted after deletion.
       {
         op: 'insert',
         index: 2,
+        after: 'block-003',
         block: {
           id: 'block-004',
           type: 'paragraph',
@@ -225,4 +230,133 @@ This is a new paragraph inserted after deletion.
       },
     ]);
   });
+
+  test('should diff interval insertions & deletions', () => {
+    const oldMd = `
+<!-- block_id=block-001 flavour=title -->
+# 1
+
+<!-- block_id=block-002 flavour=paragraph -->
+2
+
+<!-- block_id=block-003 flavour=paragraph -->
+3
+
+<!-- block_id=block-004 flavour=paragraph -->
+4
+
+<!-- block_id=block-005 flavour=paragraph -->
+5
+`;
+
+    const newMd = `
+<!-- block_id=block-001 flavour=title -->
+# 1
+
+<!-- block_id=block-002 flavour=paragraph -->
+2
+
+<!-- block_id=block-004 flavour=paragraph -->
+4
+
+<!-- block_id=block-006 flavour=paragraph -->
+6
+
+<!-- block_id=block-007 flavour=paragraph -->
+7
+`;
+    const { patches } = diffMarkdown(oldMd, newMd);
+    expect(patches).toEqual([
+      {
+        op: 'insert',
+        index: 3,
+        after: 'block-004',
+        block: {
+          id: 'block-006',
+          type: 'paragraph',
+          content: '6',
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        op: 'insert',
+        index: 4,
+        after: 'block-006',
+        block: {
+          id: 'block-007',
+          type: 'paragraph',
+          content: '7',
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        op: 'delete',
+        id: 'block-003',
+      },
+      {
+        op: 'delete',
+        id: 'block-005',
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test('should diff insertions after remove all', () => {
+    const oldMd = `
+<!-- block_id=block-001 flavour=title -->
+# 1
+
+<!-- block_id=block-002 flavour=paragraph -->
+2
+`;
+
+    const newMd = `
+<!-- block_id=block-003 flavour=paragraph -->
+3
+
+<!-- block_id=block-004 flavour=paragraph -->
+4
+
+<!-- block_id=block-005 flavour=paragraph -->
+5
+`;
+    const { patches } = diffMarkdown(oldMd, newMd);
+    expect(patches).toEqual([
+      {
+        op: 'insert',
+        index: 0,
+        after: 'HEAD',
+        block: {
+          id: 'block-003',
+          type: 'paragraph',
+          content: '3',
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        op: 'insert',
+        index: 1,
+        after: 'block-003',
+        block: {
+          id: 'block-004',
+          type: 'paragraph',
+          content: '4',
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        op: 'insert',
+        index: 2,
+        after: 'block-004',
+        block: {
+          id: 'block-005',
+          type: 'paragraph',
+          content: '5',
+        },
+      },
+      {
+        op: 'delete',
+        id: 'block-001',
+      },
+      {
+        op: 'delete',
+        id: 'block-002',
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.ts
index 4e0805f305..7473c64bd1 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/generate-render-diff.ts
@@ -22,50 +22,57 @@ export interface RenderDiffs {
  *
  *   <!-- block_id=004 flavour=paragraph -->
  *   This is the fourth paragraph
+ *
+ *   <!-- block_id=005 flavour=paragraph -->
+ *   This is the fifth paragraph
  * ```
  *
  * New markdown:
  * ```md
  *   <!-- block_id=001 flavour=paragraph -->
- *   This is the first paragraph
+ *   This is the 1st paragraph
  *
- *   <!-- block_id=003 flavour=paragraph -->
- *   This is the 3rd paragraph
+ *   <!-- block_id=002 flavour=paragraph -->
+ *   This is the second paragraph
  *
- *   <!-- block_id=005 flavour=paragraph -->
- *   New inserted paragraph 1
+ *   <!-- block_id=004 flavour=paragraph -->
+ *   This is the fourth paragraph
  *
  *   <!-- block_id=006 flavour=paragraph -->
+ *   New inserted paragraph 1
+ *
+ *   <!-- block_id=007 flavour=paragraph -->
  *   New inserted paragraph 2
  * ```
  *
  * The generated patches:
  * ```js
  *   [
- *     { op: 'insert', index: 2, block: { id: '005', ... } },
- *     { op: 'insert', index: 3, bthirdlock: { id: '006', ... } },
- *     { op: 'update', id: '003', content: 'This is the 3rd paragraph' },
- *     { op: 'delete', id: '002' },
- *     { op: 'delete', id: '004' }
+ *     { op: 'insert', index: 3, after: '004', block: { id: '006', ... } },
+ *     { op: 'insert', index: 4, after: '006', block: { id: '007', ... } },
+ *     { op: 'update', id: '001', content: 'This is the 1st paragraph' },
+ *     { op: 'delete', id: '003' },
+ *     { op: 'delete', id: '005' }
  *   ]
  * ```
  *
  * UI expected:
  * ```
- * This is the first paragraph
- * [DELETE DIFF] This is the second paragraph
- * This is the third paragraph
- * [DELETE DIFF] This is the fourth paragraph
+ * [UPDATE DIFF]This is the first paragraph
+ * This is the second paragraph
+ * [DELETE DIFF]This is the third paragraph
+ * This is the fourth paragraph
  * [INSERT DIFF] New inserted paragraph 1
  * [INSERT DIFF] New inserted paragraph 2
+ * [DELETE DIFF] This is the fifth paragraph
  * ```
  *
  * The resulting diffMap:
  * ```js
  *   {
- *     deletes: ['002', '004'],
- *     inserts: { 3: [block_005, block_006] },
- *     updates: {}
+ *     deletes: ['003', '005'],
+ *     inserts: { '004': [block_006, block_007] },
+ *     updates: { '001': 'This is the 1st paragraph' }
  *   }
  * ```
  */
@@ -73,10 +80,7 @@ export function generateRenderDiff(
   originalMarkdown: string,
   changedMarkdown: string
 ) {
-  const { patches, oldBlocks } = diffMarkdown(
-    originalMarkdown,
-    changedMarkdown
-  );
+  const { patches } = diffMarkdown(originalMarkdown, changedMarkdown);
 
   const diffMap: RenderDiffs = {
     deletes: [],
@@ -84,19 +88,6 @@ export function generateRenderDiff(
     updates: {},
   };
 
-  const indexToBlockId: Record<number, string> = {};
-  oldBlocks.forEach((block, idx) => {
-    indexToBlockId[idx] = block.id;
-  });
-
-  function getPrevBlock(index: number) {
-    let start = index - 1;
-    while (!indexToBlockId[start] && start >= 0) {
-      start--;
-    }
-    return indexToBlockId[start] || 'HEAD';
-  }
-
   const insertGroups: Record<string, Block[]> = {};
   let lastInsertKey: string | null = null;
   let lastInsertIndex: number | null = null;
@@ -107,7 +98,7 @@ export function generateRenderDiff(
         diffMap.deletes.push(patch.id);
         break;
       case 'insert': {
-        const prevBlockId = getPrevBlock(patch.index);
+        const prevBlockId = patch.after;
         if (
           lastInsertKey !== null &&
           lastInsertIndex !== null &&
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.ts
index d600317aea..2082f6bc2e 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/utils/apply-model/markdown-diff.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ export type Block = {
 export type PatchOp =
   | { op: 'replace'; id: string; content: string }
   | { op: 'delete'; id: string }
-  | { op: 'insert'; index: number; block: Block };
+  | { op: 'insert'; index: number; after: string; block: Block };
 
 const BLOCK_MATCH_REGEXP = /^\s*<!--\s*block_id=(.*?)\s+flavour=(.*?)\s*-->/;
 
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ function diffBlockLists(oldBlocks: Block[], newBlocks: Block[]): PatchOp[] {
   // Mark old blocks that have been handled
   const handledOld = new Set<string>();
 
-  // First process newBlocks in order
   newBlocks.forEach((newBlock, newIdx) => {
     const old = oldMap.get(newBlock.id);
     if (old) {
@@ -74,9 +73,11 @@ function diffBlockLists(oldBlocks: Block[], newBlocks: Block[]): PatchOp[] {
         });
       }
     } else {
+      const after = newIdx > 0 ? newBlocks[newIdx - 1].id : 'HEAD';
       patch.push({
         op: 'insert',
         index: newIdx,
+        after,
         block: {
           id: newBlock.id,
           type: newBlock.type,