feat: improve kanban grouping & data materialization (#14393)

fix #13512 
fix #13255
fix #9743 

#### PR Dependency Tree


* **PR #14393** 👈

This tree was auto-generated by
[Charcoal](https://github.com/danerwilliams/charcoal)

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

* **New Features**
* Enhanced Kanban view grouping support for additional property types:
checkboxes, select fields, multi-select fields, members, and created-by
information.
* Improved drag-and-drop visual feedback with more precise drop
indicators in Kanban views.

* **Bug Fixes**
* Refined grouping logic to ensure only compatible properties appear in
group-by options.
* Enhanced column visibility and ordering consistency when managing
Kanban views.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/__tests__/kanban.unit.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+import { signal } from '@preact/signals-core';
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { GroupBy } from '../core/common/types.js';
+import type { DataSource } from '../core/data-source/base.js';
+import { groupByMatchers } from '../core/group-by/define.js';
+import { t } from '../core/logical/type-presets.js';
+import { checkboxPropertyModelConfig } from '../property-presets/checkbox/define.js';
+import { multiSelectPropertyModelConfig } from '../property-presets/multi-select/define.js';
+import { selectPropertyModelConfig } from '../property-presets/select/define.js';
+import { textPropertyModelConfig } from '../property-presets/text/define.js';
+import {
+  canGroupable,
+  ensureKanbanGroupColumn,
+  pickKanbanGroupColumn,
+  resolveKanbanGroupBy,
+} from '../view-presets/kanban/group-by-utils.js';
+import { materializeKanbanColumns } from '../view-presets/kanban/kanban-view-manager.js';
+import type { KanbanCard } from '../view-presets/kanban/pc/card.js';
+import { KanbanDragController } from '../view-presets/kanban/pc/controller/drag.js';
+import type { KanbanGroup } from '../view-presets/kanban/pc/group.js';
+
+type Column = {
+  id: string;
+  type: string;
+  data?: Record<string, unknown>;
+};
+
+type TestPropertyMeta = {
+  type: string;
+  config: {
+    kanbanGroup?: {
+      enabled: boolean;
+      mutable?: boolean;
+    };
+    propertyData: {
+      default: () => Record<string, unknown>;
+    };
+    jsonValue: {
+      type: (options: {
+        data: Record<string, unknown>;
+        dataSource: DataSource;
+      }) => unknown;
+    };
+  };
+};
+
+type MockDataSource = {
+  properties$: ReturnType<typeof signal<string[]>>;
+  provider: {
+    getAll: () => Map<unknown, unknown>;
+  };
+  serviceGetOrCreate: (key: unknown, create: () => unknown) => unknown;
+  propertyTypeGet: (propertyId: string) => string | undefined;
+  propertyMetaGet: (type: string) => TestPropertyMeta | undefined;
+  propertyDataGet: (propertyId: string) => Record<string, unknown>;
+  propertyDataTypeGet: (propertyId: string) => unknown;
+  propertyAdd: (
+    _position: unknown,
+    ops?: {
+      type?: string;
+    }
+  ) => string;
+  propertyDataSet: (propertyId: string, data: Record<string, unknown>) => void;
+};
+
+const asDataSource = (dataSource: object): DataSource =>
+  dataSource as DataSource;
+
+const toTestMeta = <TData extends Record<string, unknown>>(
+  type: string,
+  config: {
+    kanbanGroup?: {
+      enabled: boolean;
+      mutable?: boolean;
+    };
+    propertyData: {
+      default: () => TData;
+    };
+    jsonValue: {
+      type: (options: { data: TData; dataSource: DataSource }) => unknown;
+    };
+  }
+): TestPropertyMeta => ({
+  type,
+  config: {
+    kanbanGroup: config.kanbanGroup,
+    propertyData: {
+      default: () => config.propertyData.default(),
+    },
+    jsonValue: {
+      type: ({ data, dataSource }) =>
+        config.jsonValue.type({
+          data: data as TData,
+          dataSource,
+        }),
+    },
+  },
+});
+
+const immutableBooleanMeta = toTestMeta('immutable-boolean', {
+  ...checkboxPropertyModelConfig.config,
+  kanbanGroup: {
+    enabled: true,
+    mutable: false,
+  },
+});
+
+const createMockDataSource = (columns: Column[]): MockDataSource => {
+  const properties$ = signal(columns.map(column => column.id));
+  const typeById = new Map(columns.map(column => [column.id, column.type]));
+  const dataById = new Map(
+    columns.map(column => [column.id, column.data ?? {}])
+  );
+  const services = new Map<unknown, unknown>();
+
+  const metaEntries: Array<[string, TestPropertyMeta]> = [
+    [
+      checkboxPropertyModelConfig.type,
+      toTestMeta(
+        checkboxPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        checkboxPropertyModelConfig.config
+      ),
+    ],
+    [
+      selectPropertyModelConfig.type,
+      toTestMeta(
+        selectPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        selectPropertyModelConfig.config
+      ),
+    ],
+    [
+      multiSelectPropertyModelConfig.type,
+      toTestMeta(
+        multiSelectPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        multiSelectPropertyModelConfig.config
+      ),
+    ],
+    [
+      textPropertyModelConfig.type,
+      toTestMeta(textPropertyModelConfig.type, textPropertyModelConfig.config),
+    ],
+    [immutableBooleanMeta.type, immutableBooleanMeta],
+  ];
+  const metaByType = new Map(metaEntries);
+
+  const asRecord = (value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> =>
+    typeof value === 'object' && value != null
+      ? (value as Record<string, unknown>)
+      : {};
+
+  let autoColumnId = 0;
+
+  const dataSource = {
+    properties$,
+    provider: {
+      getAll: () => new Map<unknown, unknown>(),
+    },
+    serviceGetOrCreate: (key: unknown, create: () => unknown) => {
+      if (!services.has(key)) {
+        services.set(key, create());
+      }
+      return services.get(key);
+    },
+    propertyTypeGet: (propertyId: string) => typeById.get(propertyId),
+    propertyMetaGet: (type: string) => metaByType.get(type),
+    propertyDataGet: (propertyId: string) => asRecord(dataById.get(propertyId)),
+    propertyDataTypeGet: (propertyId: string) => {
+      const type = typeById.get(propertyId);
+      if (!type) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const meta = metaByType.get(type);
+      if (!meta) {
+        return;
+      }
+      return meta.config.jsonValue.type({
+        data: asRecord(dataById.get(propertyId)),
+        dataSource: asDataSource(dataSource),
+      });
+    },
+    propertyAdd: (
+      _position: unknown,
+      ops?: {
+        type?: string;
+      }
+    ) => {
+      const type = ops?.type ?? selectPropertyModelConfig.type;
+      const id = `auto-${++autoColumnId}`;
+      const meta = metaByType.get(type);
+      const data = meta?.config.propertyData.default() ?? {};
+
+      typeById.set(id, type);
+      dataById.set(id, data);
+      properties$.value = [...properties$.value, id];
+      return id;
+    },
+    propertyDataSet: (propertyId: string, data: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      dataById.set(propertyId, data);
+    },
+  };
+
+  return dataSource;
+};
+
+const createDragController = () => {
+  type DragLogic = ConstructorParameters<typeof KanbanDragController>[0];
+  return new KanbanDragController({} as DragLogic);
+};
+
+describe('kanban', () => {
+  describe('group-by define', () => {
+    it('boolean group should not include ungroup bucket', () => {
+      const booleanGroup = groupByMatchers.find(
+        group => group.name === 'boolean'
+      );
+      expect(booleanGroup).toBeDefined();
+
+      const keys = booleanGroup!
+        .defaultKeys(t.boolean.instance())
+        .map(group => group.key);
+
+      expect(keys).toEqual(['true', 'false']);
+    });
+
+    it('boolean group should fallback invalid values to false bucket', () => {
+      const booleanGroup = groupByMatchers.find(
+        group => group.name === 'boolean'
+      );
+      expect(booleanGroup).toBeDefined();
+
+      const groups = booleanGroup!.valuesGroup(undefined, t.boolean.instance());
+      expect(groups).toEqual([{ key: 'false', value: false }]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('columns materialization', () => {
+    it('appends missing properties while preserving existing order and state', () => {
+      const columns = [{ id: 'status', hide: true }, { id: 'title' }];
+
+      const next = materializeKanbanColumns(columns, [
+        'title',
+        'status',
+        'date',
+      ]);
+
+      expect(next).toEqual([
+        { id: 'status', hide: true },
+        { id: 'title' },
+        { id: 'date' },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('drops stale columns that no longer exist in data source', () => {
+      const columns = [{ id: 'title' }, { id: 'removed', hide: true }];
+
+      const next = materializeKanbanColumns(columns, ['title']);
+
+      expect(next).toEqual([{ id: 'title' }]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns original reference when columns are already materialized', () => {
+      const columns = [{ id: 'title' }, { id: 'status', hide: true }];
+
+      const next = materializeKanbanColumns(columns, ['title', 'status']);
+
+      expect(next).toBe(columns);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('drag indicator', () => {
+    it('shows drop preview when insert position exists', () => {
+      const controller = createDragController();
+      const position = {
+        group: {} as KanbanGroup,
+        position: 'end' as const,
+      };
+      controller.getInsertPosition = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(position);
+
+      const displaySpy = vi.spyOn(controller.dropPreview, 'display');
+      const removeSpy = vi.spyOn(controller.dropPreview, 'remove');
+
+      const result = controller.showIndicator({} as MouseEvent, undefined);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(position);
+      expect(displaySpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        position.group,
+        undefined,
+        undefined
+      );
+      expect(removeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('removes drop preview when insert position does not exist', () => {
+      const controller = createDragController();
+      controller.getInsertPosition = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(undefined);
+
+      const displaySpy = vi.spyOn(controller.dropPreview, 'display');
+      const removeSpy = vi.spyOn(controller.dropPreview, 'remove');
+
+      const result = controller.showIndicator({} as MouseEvent, undefined);
+
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(displaySpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(removeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    });
+
+    it('forwards hovered card to drop preview for precise insertion cursor', () => {
+      const controller = createDragController();
+      const hoveredCard = document.createElement(
+        'affine-data-view-kanban-card'
+      ) as KanbanCard;
+      const positionCard = document.createElement(
+        'affine-data-view-kanban-card'
+      ) as KanbanCard;
+      const position = {
+        group: {} as KanbanGroup,
+        card: positionCard,
+        position: { before: true, id: 'card-id' } as const,
+      };
+      controller.getInsertPosition = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(position);
+
+      const displaySpy = vi.spyOn(controller.dropPreview, 'display');
+
+      controller.showIndicator({} as MouseEvent, hoveredCard);
+
+      expect(displaySpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        position.group,
+        hoveredCard,
+        position.card
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('group-by utils', () => {
+    it('allows only kanban-enabled property types to group', () => {
+      const dataSource = createMockDataSource([
+        { id: 'text', type: textPropertyModelConfig.type },
+        { id: 'select', type: selectPropertyModelConfig.type },
+        { id: 'multi-select', type: multiSelectPropertyModelConfig.type },
+        { id: 'checkbox', type: checkboxPropertyModelConfig.type },
+      ]);
+
+      expect(canGroupable(asDataSource(dataSource), 'text')).toBe(false);
+      expect(canGroupable(asDataSource(dataSource), 'select')).toBe(true);
+      expect(canGroupable(asDataSource(dataSource), 'multi-select')).toBe(true);
+      expect(canGroupable(asDataSource(dataSource), 'checkbox')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('prefers mutable group column over immutable ones', () => {
+      const dataSource = createMockDataSource([
+        {
+          id: 'immutable-bool',
+          type: 'immutable-boolean',
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'checkbox',
+          type: checkboxPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      expect(pickKanbanGroupColumn(asDataSource(dataSource))).toBe('checkbox');
+    });
+
+    it('creates default status select column when no groupable column exists', () => {
+      const dataSource = createMockDataSource([
+        {
+          id: 'text',
+          type: textPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const statusColumnId = ensureKanbanGroupColumn(asDataSource(dataSource));
+
+      expect(statusColumnId).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(dataSource.propertyTypeGet(statusColumnId!)).toBe(
+        selectPropertyModelConfig.type
+      );
+      const options =
+        (
+          dataSource.propertyDataGet(statusColumnId!) as {
+            options?: { value: string }[];
+          }
+        ).options ?? [];
+      expect(options.map(option => option.value)).toEqual([
+        'Todo',
+        'In Progress',
+        'Done',
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('defaults hideEmpty to true for non-option groups', () => {
+      const dataSource = createMockDataSource([
+        {
+          id: 'checkbox',
+          type: checkboxPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const next = resolveKanbanGroupBy(asDataSource(dataSource));
+      expect(next?.columnId).toBe('checkbox');
+      expect(next?.hideEmpty).toBe(true);
+      expect(next?.name).toBe('boolean');
+    });
+
+    it('defaults hideEmpty to false for select grouping', () => {
+      const dataSource = createMockDataSource([
+        {
+          id: 'select',
+          type: selectPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const next = resolveKanbanGroupBy(asDataSource(dataSource));
+      expect(next?.columnId).toBe('select');
+      expect(next?.hideEmpty).toBe(false);
+      expect(next?.name).toBe('select');
+    });
+
+    it('preserves sort and explicit hideEmpty when resolving groupBy', () => {
+      const dataSource = createMockDataSource([
+        {
+          id: 'checkbox',
+          type: checkboxPropertyModelConfig.type,
+        },
+      ]);
+      const current: GroupBy = {
+        type: 'groupBy',
+        columnId: 'checkbox',
+        name: 'boolean',
+        sort: { desc: true },
+        hideEmpty: true,
+      };
+
+      const next = resolveKanbanGroupBy(asDataSource(dataSource), current);
+
+      expect(next?.columnId).toBe('checkbox');
+      expect(next?.sort).toEqual({ desc: true });
+      expect(next?.hideEmpty).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('replaces current non-groupable column with a valid kanban column', () => {
+      const dataSource = createMockDataSource([
+        { id: 'text', type: textPropertyModelConfig.type },
+        { id: 'checkbox', type: checkboxPropertyModelConfig.type },
+      ]);
+
+      const next = resolveKanbanGroupBy(asDataSource(dataSource), {
+        type: 'groupBy',
+        columnId: 'text',
+        name: 'text',
+      });
+
+      expect(next?.columnId).toBe('checkbox');
+      expect(next?.name).toBe('boolean');
+      expect(next?.hideEmpty).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/core/group-by/define.ts

@@ -247,12 +247,13 @@ export const groupByMatchers: GroupByConfig[] = [
     matchType: t.boolean.instance(),
     groupName: (_t, v) => `${v?.toString() ?? ''}`,
     defaultKeys: _t => [
-      ungroups,
       { key: 'true', value: true },
       { key: 'false', value: false },
     ],
     valuesGroup: (v, _t) =>
-      typeof v !== 'boolean' ? [ungroups] : [{ key: v.toString(), value: v }],
+      typeof v !== 'boolean'
+        ? [{ key: 'false', value: false }]
+        : [{ key: v.toString(), value: v }],
     addToGroup: (v: boolean | null, _old: boolean | null) => v,
     view: createUniComponentFromWebComponent(BooleanGroupView),
   }),

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/core/group-by/setting.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { css, html, unsafeCSS } from 'lit';
 import { property, query } from 'lit/decorators.js';
 import { repeat } from 'lit/directives/repeat.js';
 
+import { canGroupable } from '../../view-presets/kanban/group-by-utils.js';
 import { KanbanSingleView } from '../../view-presets/kanban/kanban-view-manager.js';
 import { TableSingleView } from '../../view-presets/table/table-view-manager.js';
 import { dataViewCssVariable } from '../common/css-variable.js';
@@ -278,6 +279,9 @@ export const selectGroupByProperty = (
             if (property.type$.value === 'title') {
               return false;
             }
+            if (view instanceof KanbanSingleView) {
+              return canGroupable(view.manager.dataSource, property.id);
+            }
             const dataType = property.dataType$.value;
             if (!dataType) {
               return false;

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/core/property/types.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ export type GetJsonValueFromConfig<T> =
 export type PropertyConfig<Data, RawValue = unknown, JsonValue = unknown> = {
   name: string;
   hide?: boolean;
+  kanbanGroup?: {
+    enabled: boolean;
+    mutable?: boolean;
+  };
   propertyData: {
     schema: ZodType<Data>;
     default: () => Data;

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/property-presets/checkbox/define.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ const FALSE_VALUES = new Set([
 
 export const checkboxPropertyModelConfig = checkboxPropertyType.modelConfig({
   name: 'Checkbox',
+  kanbanGroup: {
+    enabled: true,
+    mutable: true,
+  },
   propertyData: {
     schema: zod.object({}),
     default: () => ({}),

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/property-presets/multi-select/define.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ export const multiSelectPropertyType = propertyType('multi-select');
 export const multiSelectPropertyModelConfig =
   multiSelectPropertyType.modelConfig({
     name: 'Multi-select',
+    kanbanGroup: {
+      enabled: true,
+      mutable: true,
+    },
     propertyData: {
       schema: SelectPropertySchema,
       default: () => ({

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/property-presets/select/define.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ export const SelectPropertySchema = zod.object({
 export type SelectPropertyData = zod.infer<typeof SelectPropertySchema>;
 export const selectPropertyModelConfig = selectPropertyType.modelConfig({
   name: 'Select',
+  kanbanGroup: {
+    enabled: true,
+    mutable: true,
+  },
   propertyData: {
     schema: SelectPropertySchema,
     default: () => ({

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/view-presets/convert.ts

@@ -3,17 +3,9 @@ import { kanbanViewModel } from './kanban/index.js';
 import { tableViewModel } from './table/index.js';
 
 export const viewConverts = [
-  createViewConvert(tableViewModel, kanbanViewModel, data => {
+  createViewConvert(tableViewModel, kanbanViewModel, data => ({
-    if (data.groupBy) {
+    filter: data.filter,
-      return {
+  })),
-        filter: data.filter,
-        groupBy: data.groupBy,
-      };
-    }
-    return {
-      filter: data.filter,
-    };
-  }),
   createViewConvert(kanbanViewModel, tableViewModel, data => ({
     filter: data.filter,
     groupBy: data.groupBy,

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/view-presets/kanban/define.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import { BlockSuiteError, ErrorCode } from '@blocksuite/global/exceptions';
 
 import type { GroupBy, GroupProperty } from '../../core/common/types.js';
 import type { FilterGroup } from '../../core/filter/types.js';
-import { defaultGroupBy, getGroupByService, t } from '../../core/index.js';
 import type { Sort } from '../../core/sort/types.js';
 import { type BasicViewDataType, viewType } from '../../core/view/data-view.js';
+import { resolveKanbanGroupBy } from './group-by-utils.js';
 import { KanbanSingleView } from './kanban-view-manager.js';
 
 export const kanbanViewType = viewType('kanban');
@@ -34,41 +34,16 @@ export const kanbanViewModel = kanbanViewType.createModel<KanbanViewData>({
   defaultName: 'Kanban View',
   dataViewManager: KanbanSingleView,
   defaultData: viewManager => {
-    const groupByService = getGroupByService(viewManager.dataSource);
+    const groupBy = resolveKanbanGroupBy(viewManager.dataSource);
-    const columns = viewManager.dataSource.properties$.value;
+    if (!groupBy) {
-    const allowList = columns.filter(columnId => {
-      const dataType = viewManager.dataSource.propertyDataTypeGet(columnId);
-      return dataType && !!groupByService?.matcher.match(dataType);
-    });
-    const getWeight = (columnId: string) => {
-      const dataType = viewManager.dataSource.propertyDataTypeGet(columnId);
-      if (!dataType || t.string.is(dataType) || t.richText.is(dataType)) {
-        return 0;
-      }
-      if (t.tag.is(dataType)) {
-        return 3;
-      }
-      if (t.array.is(dataType)) {
-        return 2;
-      }
-      return 1;
-    };
-    const columnId = allowList.sort((a, b) => getWeight(b) - getWeight(a))[0];
-    if (!columnId) {
       throw new BlockSuiteError(
         ErrorCode.DatabaseBlockError,
         'no groupable column found'
       );
     }
-    const type = viewManager.dataSource.propertyTypeGet(columnId);
+
-    const meta = type && viewManager.dataSource.propertyMetaGet(type);
+    const columns = viewManager.dataSource.properties$.value;
-    const data = viewManager.dataSource.propertyDataGet(columnId);
+
-    if (!columnId || !meta || !data) {
-      throw new BlockSuiteError(
-        ErrorCode.DatabaseBlockError,
-        'not implement yet'
-      );
-    }
     return {
       columns: columns.map(id => ({
         id: id,
@@ -78,7 +53,7 @@ export const kanbanViewModel = kanbanViewType.createModel<KanbanViewData>({
         op: 'and',
         conditions: [],
       },
-      groupBy: defaultGroupBy(viewManager.dataSource, meta, columnId, data),
+      groupBy,
       header: {
         titleColumn: viewManager.dataSource.properties$.value.find(
           id => viewManager.dataSource.propertyTypeGet(id) === 'title'

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/view-presets/kanban/group-by-utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import { nanoid } from '@blocksuite/store';
+
+import type { GroupBy } from '../../core/common/types.js';
+import { getTagColor } from '../../core/component/tags/colors.js';
+import type { DataSource } from '../../core/data-source/base.js';
+import { defaultGroupBy } from '../../core/group-by/default.js';
+import { getGroupByService } from '../../core/group-by/matcher.js';
+
+type KanbanGroupCapability = 'mutable' | 'immutable' | 'none';
+
+const KANBAN_DEFAULT_STATUS_OPTIONS = ['Todo', 'In Progress', 'Done'];
+const SHOW_EMPTY_GROUPS_BY_DEFAULT = new Set(['select', 'multi-select']);
+
+export const getKanbanDefaultHideEmpty = (groupName?: string): boolean => {
+  return !groupName || !SHOW_EMPTY_GROUPS_BY_DEFAULT.has(groupName);
+};
+
+const getKanbanGroupCapability = (
+  dataSource: DataSource,
+  propertyId: string
+): KanbanGroupCapability => {
+  const type = dataSource.propertyTypeGet(propertyId);
+  if (!type) {
+    return 'none';
+  }
+
+  const meta = dataSource.propertyMetaGet(type);
+  const kanbanGroup = meta?.config.kanbanGroup;
+  if (!kanbanGroup?.enabled) {
+    return 'none';
+  }
+  return kanbanGroup.mutable ? 'mutable' : 'immutable';
+};
+
+const hasMatchingGroupBy = (dataSource: DataSource, propertyId: string) => {
+  const dataType = dataSource.propertyDataTypeGet(propertyId);
+  if (!dataType) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const groupByService = getGroupByService(dataSource);
+  return !!groupByService?.matcher.match(dataType);
+};
+
+const createGroupByFromColumn = (
+  dataSource: DataSource,
+  columnId: string
+): GroupBy | undefined => {
+  const type = dataSource.propertyTypeGet(columnId);
+  if (!type) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const meta = dataSource.propertyMetaGet(type);
+  if (!meta) {
+    return;
+  }
+  return defaultGroupBy(
+    dataSource,
+    meta,
+    columnId,
+    dataSource.propertyDataGet(columnId)
+  );
+};
+
+export const canGroupable = (dataSource: DataSource, propertyId: string) => {
+  return (
+    getKanbanGroupCapability(dataSource, propertyId) !== 'none' &&
+    hasMatchingGroupBy(dataSource, propertyId)
+  );
+};
+
+export const pickKanbanGroupColumn = (
+  dataSource: DataSource,
+  propertyIds: string[] = dataSource.properties$.value
+): string | undefined => {
+  let immutableFallback: string | undefined;
+
+  for (const propertyId of propertyIds) {
+    const capability = getKanbanGroupCapability(dataSource, propertyId);
+    if (capability === 'none' || !hasMatchingGroupBy(dataSource, propertyId)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (capability === 'mutable') {
+      return propertyId;
+    }
+    immutableFallback ??= propertyId;
+  }
+
+  return immutableFallback;
+};
+
+export const ensureKanbanGroupColumn = (
+  dataSource: DataSource
+): string | undefined => {
+  const columnId = pickKanbanGroupColumn(dataSource);
+  if (columnId) {
+    return columnId;
+  }
+
+  const statusId = dataSource.propertyAdd('end', {
+    type: 'select',
+    name: 'Status',
+  });
+  if (!statusId) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  dataSource.propertyDataSet(statusId, {
+    options: KANBAN_DEFAULT_STATUS_OPTIONS.map(value => ({
+      id: nanoid(),
+      value,
+      color: getTagColor(),
+    })),
+  });
+
+  return statusId;
+};
+
+export const resolveKanbanGroupBy = (
+  dataSource: DataSource,
+  current?: GroupBy
+): GroupBy | undefined => {
+  const keepColumnId =
+    current?.columnId && canGroupable(dataSource, current.columnId)
+      ? current.columnId
+      : undefined;
+
+  const columnId = keepColumnId ?? ensureKanbanGroupColumn(dataSource);
+  if (!columnId) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const next = createGroupByFromColumn(dataSource, columnId);
+  if (!next) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ...next,
+    sort: current?.sort,
+    hideEmpty: current?.hideEmpty ?? getKanbanDefaultHideEmpty(next.name),
+  };
+};

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/view-presets/kanban/kanban-view-manager.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,52 @@ import {
 import { fromJson } from '../../core/property/utils';
 import { PropertyBase } from '../../core/view-manager/property.js';
 import { SingleViewBase } from '../../core/view-manager/single-view.js';
-import type { KanbanViewData } from './define.js';
+import type { ViewManager } from '../../core/view-manager/view-manager.js';
+import type { KanbanViewColumn, KanbanViewData } from './define.js';
+import {
+  getKanbanDefaultHideEmpty,
+  resolveKanbanGroupBy,
+} from './group-by-utils.js';
+
+const materializeColumnsByPropertyIds = (
+  columns: KanbanViewColumn[],
+  propertyIds: string[]
+) => {
+  const needShow = new Set(propertyIds);
+  const orderedColumns: KanbanViewColumn[] = [];
+
+  for (const column of columns) {
+    if (needShow.has(column.id)) {
+      orderedColumns.push(column);
+      needShow.delete(column.id);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const id of needShow) {
+    orderedColumns.push({ id });
+  }
+
+  return orderedColumns;
+};
+
+export const materializeKanbanColumns = (
+  columns: KanbanViewColumn[],
+  propertyIds: string[]
+) => {
+  const nextColumns = materializeColumnsByPropertyIds(columns, propertyIds);
+  const unchanged =
+    columns.length === nextColumns.length &&
+    columns.every((column, index) => {
+      const nextColumn = nextColumns[index];
+      return (
+        nextColumn != null &&
+        column.id === nextColumn.id &&
+        column.hide === nextColumn.hide
+      );
+    });
+
+  return unchanged ? columns : nextColumns;
+};
 
 export class KanbanSingleView extends SingleViewBase<KanbanViewData> {
   propertiesRaw$ = computed(() => {
@@ -61,16 +106,27 @@ export class KanbanSingleView extends SingleViewBase<KanbanViewData> {
   );
 
   groupBy$ = computed(() => {
-    return this.data$.value?.groupBy;
+    const groupBy = this.data$.value?.groupBy;
+    if (!groupBy || groupBy.hideEmpty != null) {
+      return groupBy;
+    }
+    return {
+      ...groupBy,
+      hideEmpty: getKanbanDefaultHideEmpty(groupBy.name),
+    };
   });
 
   groupTrait = this.traitSet(
     groupTraitKey,
     new GroupTrait(this.groupBy$, this, {
       groupBySet: groupBy => {
+        const nextGroupBy = resolveKanbanGroupBy(
+          this.manager.dataSource,
+          groupBy
+        );
         this.dataUpdate(() => {
           return {
-            groupBy: groupBy,
+            groupBy: nextGroupBy,
           };
         });
       },
@@ -200,6 +256,23 @@ export class KanbanSingleView extends SingleViewBase<KanbanViewData> {
     return this.view?.mode ?? 'kanban';
   }
 
+  private materializeColumns() {
+    const view = this.view;
+    if (!view) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const nextColumns = materializeKanbanColumns(
+      view.columns,
+      this.dataSource.properties$.value
+    );
+    if (nextColumns === view.columns) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.dataUpdate(() => ({ columns: nextColumns }));
+  }
+
   get view() {
     return this.data$.value;
   }
@@ -289,6 +362,13 @@ export class KanbanSingleView extends SingleViewBase<KanbanViewData> {
   propertyGetOrCreate(columnId: string): KanbanColumn {
     return new KanbanColumn(this, columnId);
   }
+
+  constructor(viewManager: ViewManager, viewId: string) {
+    super(viewManager, viewId);
+    // Materialize view columns on view activation so newly added properties
+    // can participate in hide/order operations in kanban.
+    this.materializeColumns();
+  }
 }
 
 type KanbanColumnData = KanbanViewData['columns'][number];

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/view-presets/kanban/pc/controller/drag.ts

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ const createDragPreview = (card: KanbanCard, x: number, y: number) => {
   div.className = 'with-data-view-css-variable';
   div.style.width = `${card.getBoundingClientRect().width}px`;
   div.style.position = 'fixed';
-  // div.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+  div.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
   div.style.transform = 'rotate(-3deg)';
   div.style.left = `${x}px`;
   div.style.top = `${y}px`;
@@ -209,8 +209,12 @@ const createDragPreview = (card: KanbanCard, x: number, y: number) => {
 };
 const createDropPreview = () => {
   const div = document.createElement('div');
-  div.style.height = '2px';
+  div.dataset.isDropPreview = 'true';
-  div.style.borderRadius = '1px';
+  div.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+  div.style.position = 'fixed';
+  div.style.zIndex = '9999';
+  div.style.height = '3px';
+  div.style.borderRadius = '2px';
   div.style.backgroundColor = 'var(--affine-primary-color)';
   div.style.boxShadow = '0px 0px 8px 0px rgba(30, 150, 235, 0.35)';
   return {
@@ -219,19 +223,50 @@ const createDropPreview = () => {
       self: KanbanCard | undefined,
       card?: KanbanCard
     ) {
-      const target = card ?? group.querySelector('.add-card');
+      if (card === self) {
-      if (!target) {
-        console.error('`target` is not found');
-        return;
-      }
-      if (target.previousElementSibling === self || target === self) {
         div.remove();
         return;
       }
-      if (target.previousElementSibling === div) {
+
+      if (!card) {
+        const cards = Array.from(
+          group.querySelectorAll('affine-data-view-kanban-card')
+        );
+        const lastCard = cards[cards.length - 1];
+        if (lastCard === self) {
+          div.remove();
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      let rect: DOMRect | undefined;
+      let y = 0;
+      if (card) {
+        rect = card.getBoundingClientRect();
+        y = rect.top;
+      } else {
+        const addCard = group.querySelector('.add-card');
+        if (addCard instanceof HTMLElement) {
+          rect = addCard.getBoundingClientRect();
+          y = rect.top;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!rect) {
+        const body = group.querySelector('.group-body');
+        if (body instanceof HTMLElement) {
+          rect = body.getBoundingClientRect();
+          y = rect.bottom;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!rect) {
+        div.remove();
         return;
       }
-      target.insertAdjacentElement('beforebegin', div);
+
+      document.body.append(div);
+      div.style.left = `${Math.round(rect.left)}px`;
+      div.style.top = `${Math.round(y - 2)}px`;
+      div.style.width = `${Math.round(rect.width)}px`;
     },
     remove() {
       div.remove();

blocksuite/affine/data-view/src/view-presets/kanban/pc/header.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { html } from 'lit/static-html.js';
 
 import { groupTraitKey } from '../../../core/group-by/trait.js';
 import type { SingleView } from '../../../core/index.js';
+import { canGroupable } from '../group-by-utils.js';
 
 const styles = css`
   affine-data-view-kanban-header {
@@ -43,7 +44,12 @@ export class KanbanHeader extends SignalWatcher(
     popMenu(popupTargetFromElement(e.target as HTMLElement), {
       options: {
         items: this.view.properties$.value
-          .filter(column => column.id !== groupTrait.property$.value?.id)
+          .filter(column => {
+            if (column.id === groupTrait.property$.value?.id) {
+              return false;
+            }
+            return canGroupable(this.view.manager.dataSource, column.id);
+          })
           .map(column => {
             return menu.action({
               name: column.name$.value,

packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/database-block/properties/created-by/define.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ import zod from 'zod';
 export const createdByColumnType = propertyType('created-by');
 export const createdByPropertyModelConfig = createdByColumnType.modelConfig({
   name: 'Created By',
+  kanbanGroup: {
+    enabled: true,
+    mutable: false,
+  },
   propertyData: {
     schema: zod.object({}),
     default: () => ({}),

packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/database-block/properties/member/define.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ export type MemberCellJsonValueType = zod.TypeOf<
 >;
 export const memberPropertyModelConfig = memberColumnType.modelConfig({
   name: 'Member',
+  kanbanGroup: {
+    enabled: true,
+    mutable: true,
+  },
   propertyData: {
     schema: zod.object({}),
     default: () => ({}),

tests/blocksuite/e2e/database/selection.spec.ts

@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
       rows: ['row1'],
       columns: [
         {
-          type: 'number',
+          type: 'checkbox',
-          value: [1],
+          value: [true],
         },
         {
           type: 'rich-text',
@@ -350,8 +350,6 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
 
     await focusKanbanCardHeader(page);
     await assertKanbanCellSelected(page, {
-      // group by `number` column, `Ungroups` is hidden because it's empty (hideEmpty: true by default)
-      // so the first visible group is the one with value "1" at groupIndex: 0
       groupIndex: 0,
       cardIndex: 0,
       cellIndex: 0,
@@ -380,9 +378,9 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
       rows: ['row1', 'row2'],
       columns: [
         {
-          type: 'number',
+          type: 'checkbox',
-          // Both rows have value 1 to put them in the same group
+          // Both rows are checked so they stay in the same group.
-          value: [1, 1],
+          value: [true, true],
         },
         {
           type: 'rich-text',
@@ -394,8 +392,6 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
     await focusKanbanCardHeader(page);
     await pressArrowUp(page);
     await assertKanbanCellSelected(page, {
-      // `Ungroups` is hidden because it's empty (hideEmpty: true by default)
-      // so the first visible group is "1" at groupIndex: 0
       groupIndex: 0,
       cardIndex: 1,
       cellIndex: 2,
@@ -414,18 +410,18 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
   }) => {
     await enterPlaygroundRoom(page);
     await initKanbanViewState(page, {
-      rows: ['row1', 'row2', 'row3'],
+      rows: ['row1', 'row2'],
       columns: [
         {
-          type: 'number',
+          type: 'checkbox',
-          value: [undefined, 1, 10],
+          value: [true, false],
         },
       ],
     });
 
     await focusKanbanCardHeader(page);
 
-    await pressArrowRight(page, 3);
+    await pressArrowRight(page, 2);
     await assertKanbanCellSelected(page, {
       groupIndex: 0,
       cardIndex: 0,
@@ -434,7 +430,7 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
 
     await pressArrowLeft(page);
     await assertKanbanCellSelected(page, {
-      groupIndex: 2,
+      groupIndex: 1,
       cardIndex: 0,
       cellIndex: 0,
     });
@@ -480,11 +476,11 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
   }) => {
     await enterPlaygroundRoom(page);
     await initKanbanViewState(page, {
-      rows: ['row1', 'row2', 'row3'],
+      rows: ['row1', 'row2'],
       columns: [
         {
-          type: 'number',
+          type: 'checkbox',
-          value: [undefined, 1, 10],
+          value: [true, false],
         },
       ],
     });
@@ -493,7 +489,7 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
     await pressEscape(page);
     await pressEscape(page);
 
-    await pressArrowRight(page, 3);
+    await pressArrowRight(page, 2);
     await assertKanbanCardSelected(page, {
       groupIndex: 0,
       cardIndex: 0,
@@ -501,7 +497,7 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
 
     await pressArrowLeft(page);
     await assertKanbanCardSelected(page, {
-      groupIndex: 2,
+      groupIndex: 1,
       cardIndex: 0,
     });
   });
@@ -512,8 +508,8 @@ test.describe('kanban view selection', () => {
       rows: ['row1', 'row2'],
       columns: [
         {
-          type: 'number',
+          type: 'checkbox',
-          value: [undefined, 1],
+          value: [true, false],
         },
       ],
     });