diff --git a/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/__tests__/auto-reconnection.spec.ts b/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/__tests__/auto-reconnection.spec.ts
index f57d3886aa..e4121cf522 100644
--- a/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/__tests__/auto-reconnection.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/__tests__/auto-reconnection.spec.ts
@@ -197,4 +197,107 @@ test('retry when error', async () => {
     expect(connection.status).toBe('connected');
     expect(connection.error).toBeUndefined();
   });
+
+  // do not reconnect if the connection is closed
+  connection.disconnect();
+  connection.triggerError(new Error('test error2'));
+  await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
+  expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(2);
+  expect(connection.status).toBe('closed');
+});
+
+test('connecting timeout', async () => {
+  class TestConnection extends AutoReconnectConnection {
+    override connectingTimeout = 150;
+    override retryDelay = 150;
+    connectCount = 0;
+    disconnectCount = 0;
+    override async doConnect() {
+      this.connectCount++;
+      if (this.connectCount === 3) {
+        return { foo: 'bar' };
+      }
+      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 300));
+      throw new Error('not connected, count: ' + this.connectCount);
+    }
+    override doDisconnect(conn: any) {
+      this.disconnectCount++;
+      expect(conn).toEqual({
+        foo: 'bar',
+      });
+    }
+    triggerError(error: Error) {
+      this.error = error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const connection = new TestConnection();
+  connection.connect();
+
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(1);
+    expect(connection.disconnectCount).toBe(0);
+    expect(connection.status).toBe('error');
+    expect(connection.error?.message).toBe('connecting timeout');
+  });
+
+  // wait for reconnect
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(2);
+    expect(connection.disconnectCount).toBe(0);
+    expect(connection.status).toBe('connecting');
+    expect(connection.error?.message).toBe('connecting timeout');
+  });
+
+  // trigger error while connecting
+  connection.triggerError(new Error('test error2'));
+  connection.triggerError(new Error('test error2'));
+
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(2);
+    expect(connection.disconnectCount).toBe(0);
+    expect(connection.status).toBe('error');
+    expect(connection.error?.message).toBe('test error2');
+  });
+
+  // wait for reconnect
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(3);
+    expect(connection.disconnectCount).toBe(0);
+    expect(connection.status).toBe('connected');
+    expect(connection.error).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  // trigger error after connected
+  connection.triggerError(new Error('test error3'));
+
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(3);
+    expect(connection.disconnectCount).toBe(1); // previous connect is disconnected
+    expect(connection.status).toBe('error');
+    expect(connection.error?.message).toBe('test error3');
+  });
+
+  // reconnect and timeout again
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(4);
+  });
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(4);
+    expect(connection.disconnectCount).toBe(1);
+    expect(connection.status).toBe('error');
+    expect(connection.error?.message).toBe('connecting timeout');
+  });
+
+  await vitest.waitFor(() => {
+    expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(5);
+  });
+
+  connection.disconnect();
+
+  await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
+
+  // no reconnect after disconnect
+  expect(connection.connectCount).toBe(5);
+  expect(connection.status).toBe('closed');
 });
diff --git a/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/connection.ts b/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/connection.ts
index 1416a09b3d..e6e297aedf 100644
--- a/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/connection.ts
+++ b/packages/common/nbstore/src/connection/connection.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ export abstract class AutoReconnectConnection<T = any>
   private _status: ConnectionStatus = 'idle';
   private _error: Error | undefined = undefined;
   retryDelay = 3000;
+  connectingTimeout = 15000;
   private refCount = 0;
   private connectingAbort?: AbortController;
   private reconnectingAbort?: AbortController;
@@ -89,10 +90,17 @@ export abstract class AutoReconnectConnection<T = any>
   private innerConnect() {
     if (this.status !== 'connecting') {
       this.setStatus('connecting');
-      this.connectingAbort = new AbortController();
-      const signal = this.connectingAbort.signal;
+      const connectingAbort = new AbortController();
+      this.connectingAbort = connectingAbort;
+      const signal = connectingAbort.signal;
+      const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+        if (!signal.aborted) {
+          this.handleError(new Error('connecting timeout'));
+        }
+      }, this.connectingTimeout);
       this.doConnect(signal)
         .then(value => {
+          clearTimeout(timeout);
           if (!signal.aborted) {
             this._inner = value;
             this.setStatus('connected');
@@ -106,6 +114,7 @@ export abstract class AutoReconnectConnection<T = any>
         })
         .catch(error => {
           if (!signal.aborted) {
+            clearTimeout(timeout);
             console.error('failed to connect', error);
             this.handleError(error as any);
           }
@@ -132,16 +141,23 @@ export abstract class AutoReconnectConnection<T = any>
     // on error
     console.error('connection error, will reconnect', reason);
     this.innerDisconnect();
+    // if the connection is closed, do not reconnect
+    if (this.status === 'closed') {
+      return;
+    }
     this.setStatus('error', reason);
     // reconnect
 
     this.reconnectingAbort = new AbortController();
     const signal = this.reconnectingAbort.signal;
-    setTimeout(() => {
+    const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
       if (!signal.aborted) {
         this.innerConnect();
       }
     }, this.retryDelay);
+    signal.addEventListener('abort', () => {
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+    });
   }
 
   connect() {