feat(editor): support markdown adapter preprocessed with latex delimiters (#11431)

To close [BS-2870](https://linear.app/affine-design/issue/BS-2870/支持识别-和-[-包裹内容为公式)

## Add Markdown Preprocessor Extension and Enhanced LaTeX Support

### Markdown Preprocessor Extension
This PR introduces a new preprocessor extension for Markdown adapters that allows preprocessing of content before conversion:

Adds a new PreprocessorManager for handling text transformations
Introduces extensible preprocessor interface that supports different processing levels (block/slice/doc)

Integrates preprocessor extension into the existing Markdown adapter workflow

### LaTeX Support Enhancement
Extends LaTeX support to handle both traditional and alternative syntax:
Adds support for backslash LaTeX syntax:

Block math: ```\[...\] ``` alongside existing ```$$...$$```
Inline math: ```\(...\) ``` alongside existing ```$...$```

Implements LaTeX preprocessor to standardize syntax before conversion

Updates tests to cover both syntax variants

packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/components/text-renderer.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { createReactComponentFromLit } from '@affine/component';
-import { defaultBlockMarkdownAdapterMatchers } from '@blocksuite/affine/adapters';
+import { MarkdownAdapterExtension } from '@blocksuite/affine/adapters';
 import {
   defaultImageProxyMiddleware,
   ImageProxyService,
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ import {
 import { PageEditorBlockSpecs } from '@blocksuite/affine/extensions';
 import { Container, type ServiceProvider } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/di';
 import { WithDisposable } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/lit';
-import {
-  InlineDeltaToMarkdownAdapterExtensions,
-  MarkdownInlineToDeltaAdapterExtensions,
-} from '@blocksuite/affine/inlines/preset';
 import { codeBlockWrapMiddleware } from '@blocksuite/affine/shared/adapters';
 import { LinkPreviewerService } from '@blocksuite/affine/shared/services';
 import {
@@ -215,11 +211,7 @@ export class TextRenderer extends WithDisposable(ShadowlessElement) {
         provider = this.host.std.provider;
       } else {
         const container = new Container();
-        [
-          ...MarkdownInlineToDeltaAdapterExtensions,
-          ...defaultBlockMarkdownAdapterMatchers,
-          ...InlineDeltaToMarkdownAdapterExtensions,
-        ].forEach(ext => {
+        [...MarkdownAdapterExtension].forEach(ext => {
           ext.setup(container);
         });
 

packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/ai/mini-mindmap/__tests__/mindmap-preview.unit.spec.ts

@@ -1,20 +1,12 @@
-import { defaultBlockMarkdownAdapterMatchers } from '@blocksuite/affine/adapters';
+import { MarkdownAdapterExtension } from '@blocksuite/affine/adapters';
 import { Container } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/di';
-import {
-  InlineDeltaToMarkdownAdapterExtensions,
-  MarkdownInlineToDeltaAdapterExtensions,
-} from '@blocksuite/affine/inlines/preset';
 import { TestWorkspace } from '@blocksuite/affine/store/test';
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
 
 import { markdownToMindmap } from '../mindmap-preview.js';
 
 const container = new Container();
-[
-  ...MarkdownInlineToDeltaAdapterExtensions,
-  ...defaultBlockMarkdownAdapterMatchers,
-  ...InlineDeltaToMarkdownAdapterExtensions,
-].forEach(ext => {
+[...MarkdownAdapterExtension].forEach(ext => {
   ext.setup(container);
 });
 const provider = container.provider();