diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/client.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/client.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index fc77da83bf..0000000000
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/client.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-import { createORMClientType } from '../core';
-import { AFFiNE_DB_SCHEMA } from './schema';
-
-export const ORMClient = createORMClientType(AFFiNE_DB_SCHEMA);
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/hooks.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/hooks.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 727c3111f5..0000000000
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/hooks.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-import { ORMClient } from './client';
-
-// The ORM hooks are used to define the transformers that will be applied on entities when they are loaded from the data providers.
-// All transformers are doing in memory, none of the data under the hood will be changed.
-//
-// for example:
-// data in providers: { color: 'red' }
-// hook: { color: 'red' } => { color: '#FF0000' }
-//
-// ORMClient.defineHook(
-//   'demo',
-//   'deprecate color field and introduce colors filed',
-//   {
-//     deserialize(tag) {
-//       tag.color = stringToHex(tag.color)
-//       return tag;
-//     },
-//   }
-// );
-
-export { ORMClient };
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/index.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e0cd954226..0000000000
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-import './hooks';
-
-export { ORMClient } from './client';
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/schema.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/schema.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index be2e6f903f..0000000000
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/affine/schema.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-import type { DBSchemaBuilder } from '../core';
-// import { f } from './core';
-
-export const AFFiNE_DB_SCHEMA = {
-  // demo: {
-  //   id: f.string().primaryKey().optional().default(nanoid),
-  //   name: f.string(),
-  //   // v1
-  //   // color: f.string(),
-  //   // v2, without data level breaking change
-  //   /**
-  //    * @deprecated use [colors]
-  //    */
-  //   color: f.string().optional(), // <= mark as optional since new created record might only have [colors] field
-  //   colors: f.json<string[]>().optional(), // <= mark as optional since old records might only have [color] field
-  // },
-} as const satisfies DBSchemaBuilder;
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/entity.spec.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/entity.spec.ts
index 9d9d2c778f..88aafbfe29 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/entity.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/entity.spec.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
 import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
-import {
-  afterEach,
-  beforeEach,
-  describe,
-  expect,
-  test as t,
-  type TestAPI,
-} from 'vitest';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, test as t, type TestAPI } from 'vitest';
 
 import {
-  createORMClientType,
+  createORMClient,
   type DBSchemaBuilder,
   f,
   MemoryORMAdapter,
+  type ORMClient,
   Table,
 } from '../';
 
@@ -24,18 +18,12 @@ const TEST_SCHEMA = {
   },
 } satisfies DBSchemaBuilder;
 
-const Client = createORMClientType(TEST_SCHEMA);
 type Context = {
-  client: InstanceType<typeof Client>;
+  client: ORMClient<typeof TEST_SCHEMA>;
 };
 
 beforeEach<Context>(async t => {
-  t.client = new Client(new MemoryORMAdapter());
-  await t.client.connect();
-});
-
-afterEach<Context>(async t => {
-  await t.client.disconnect();
+  t.client = createORMClient(TEST_SCHEMA, MemoryORMAdapter);
 });
 
 const test = t as TestAPI<Context>;
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/hook.spec.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/hook.spec.ts
index ca2618e4e1..4a2b79ee55 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/hook.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/hook.spec.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
-import {
-  afterEach,
-  beforeEach,
-  describe,
-  expect,
-  test as t,
-  type TestAPI,
-} from 'vitest';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, test as t, type TestAPI } from 'vitest';
 
 import {
-  createORMClientType,
+  createORMClient,
   type DBSchemaBuilder,
   type Entity,
   f,
   MemoryORMAdapter,
+  type ORMClient,
 } from '../';
 
 const TEST_SCHEMA = {
@@ -29,30 +23,23 @@ const TEST_SCHEMA = {
   },
 } satisfies DBSchemaBuilder;
 
-const Client = createORMClientType(TEST_SCHEMA);
-
-// define the hooks
-Client.defineHook('tags', 'migrate field `color` to field `colors`', {
-  deserialize(data) {
-    if (!data.colors && data.color) {
-      data.colors = [data.color];
-    }
-
-    return data;
-  },
-});
-
 type Context = {
-  client: InstanceType<typeof Client>;
+  client: ORMClient<typeof TEST_SCHEMA>;
 };
 
 beforeEach<Context>(async t => {
-  t.client = new Client(new MemoryORMAdapter());
-  await t.client.connect();
-});
+  t.client = createORMClient(TEST_SCHEMA, MemoryORMAdapter);
 
-afterEach<Context>(async t => {
-  await t.client.disconnect();
+  // define the hooks
+  t.client.defineHook('tags', 'migrate field `color` to field `colors`', {
+    deserialize(data) {
+      if (!data.colors && data.color) {
+        data.colors = [data.color];
+      }
+
+      return data;
+    },
+  });
 });
 
 const test = t as TestAPI<Context>;
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/schema.spec.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/schema.spec.ts
index 78189c1cb1..6d4ebf5620 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/schema.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/schema.spec.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
 import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
 
-import { createORMClientType, f, MemoryORMAdapter } from '../';
+import {
+  createORMClient,
+  type DBSchemaBuilder,
+  f,
+  MemoryORMAdapter,
+} from '../';
+
+function createClient<Schema extends DBSchemaBuilder>(schema: Schema) {
+  return createORMClient(schema, MemoryORMAdapter);
+}
 
 describe('Schema validations', () => {
   test('primary key must be set', () => {
     expect(() =>
-      createORMClientType({
+      createClient({
         tags: {
           id: f.string(),
           name: f.string(),
@@ -19,7 +28,7 @@ describe('Schema validations', () => {
 
   test('primary key must be unique', () => {
     expect(() =>
-      createORMClientType({
+      createClient({
         tags: {
           id: f.string().primaryKey(),
           name: f.string().primaryKey(),
@@ -32,7 +41,7 @@ describe('Schema validations', () => {
 
   test('primary key should not be optional without default value', () => {
     expect(() =>
-      createORMClientType({
+      createClient({
         tags: {
           id: f.string().primaryKey().optional(),
           name: f.string(),
@@ -45,7 +54,7 @@ describe('Schema validations', () => {
 
   test('primary key can be optional with default value', async () => {
     expect(() =>
-      createORMClientType({
+      createClient({
         tags: {
           id: f.string().primaryKey().optional().default(nanoid),
           name: f.string(),
@@ -56,20 +65,18 @@ describe('Schema validations', () => {
 });
 
 describe('Entity validations', () => {
-  const Client = createORMClientType({
-    tags: {
-      id: f.string().primaryKey().default(nanoid),
-      name: f.string(),
-      color: f.string(),
-    },
-  });
-
-  function createClient() {
-    return new Client(new MemoryORMAdapter());
+  function createTagsClient() {
+    return createClient({
+      tags: {
+        id: f.string().primaryKey().default(nanoid),
+        name: f.string(),
+        color: f.string(),
+      },
+    });
   }
 
   test('should not update primary key', () => {
-    const client = createClient();
+    const client = createTagsClient();
 
     const tag = client.tags.create({
       name: 'tag',
@@ -83,7 +90,7 @@ describe('Entity validations', () => {
   });
 
   test('should throw when trying to create entity with missing required field', () => {
-    const client = createClient();
+    const client = createTagsClient();
 
     // @ts-expect-error test
     expect(() => client.tags.create({ name: 'test' })).toThrow(
@@ -92,7 +99,7 @@ describe('Entity validations', () => {
   });
 
   test('should throw when trying to create entity with extra field', () => {
-    const client = createClient();
+    const client = createTagsClient();
 
     expect(() =>
       // @ts-expect-error test
@@ -101,34 +108,28 @@ describe('Entity validations', () => {
   });
 
   test('should throw when trying to create entity with unexpected field type', () => {
-    const client = createClient();
+    const client = createTagsClient();
 
-    expect(() =>
-      // @ts-expect-error test
-      client.tags.create({ name: 'test', color: 123 })
-    ).toThrow(
+    // @ts-expect-error test
+    expect(() => client.tags.create({ name: 'test', color: 123 })).toThrow(
       "[Table(tags)]: Field 'color' type mismatch. Expected type 'string' but got 'number'."
     );
 
-    expect(() =>
-      // @ts-expect-error test
-      client.tags.create({ name: 'test', color: [123] })
-    ).toThrow(
+    // @ts-expect-error test
+    expect(() => client.tags.create({ name: 'test', color: [123] })).toThrow(
       "[Table(tags)]: Field 'color' type mismatch. Expected type 'string' but got 'json'"
     );
   });
 
   test('should be able to assign `null` to json field', () => {
     expect(() => {
-      const Client = createORMClientType({
+      const client = createClient({
         tags: {
           id: f.string().primaryKey().default(nanoid),
           info: f.json(),
         },
       });
 
-      const client = new Client(new MemoryORMAdapter());
-
       const tag = client.tags.create({ info: null });
 
       expect(tag.info).toBe(null);
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/sync.spec.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/sync.spec.ts
index 018ba0b898..c87b9d25c4 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/sync.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/sync.spec.ts
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@ import { DocEngine } from '../../../sync';
 import { MiniSyncServer } from '../../../sync/doc/__tests__/utils';
 import { MemoryStorage } from '../../../sync/doc/storage';
 import {
-  createORMClientType,
+  createORMClient,
   type DBSchemaBuilder,
   f,
+  type ORMClient,
   YjsDBAdapter,
 } from '../';
 
@@ -29,27 +30,14 @@ const TEST_SCHEMA = {
   },
 } satisfies DBSchemaBuilder;
 
-const Client = createORMClientType(TEST_SCHEMA);
-
-// define the hooks
-Client.defineHook('tags', 'migrate field `color` to field `colors`', {
-  deserialize(data) {
-    if (!data.colors && data.color) {
-      data.colors = [data.color];
-    }
-
-    return data;
-  },
-});
-
 type Context = {
   server: MiniSyncServer;
   user1: {
-    client: InstanceType<typeof Client>;
+    client: ORMClient<typeof TEST_SCHEMA>;
     engine: DocEngine;
   };
   user2: {
-    client: InstanceType<typeof Client>;
+    client: ORMClient<typeof TEST_SCHEMA>;
     engine: DocEngine;
   };
 };
@@ -60,16 +48,25 @@ function createEngine(server: MiniSyncServer) {
 
 async function createClient(server: MiniSyncServer, clientId: number) {
   const engine = createEngine(server);
-  const client = new Client(
-    new YjsDBAdapter({
-      getDoc(guid: string) {
-        const doc = new Doc({ guid });
-        doc.clientID = clientId;
-        engine.addDoc(doc);
-        return doc;
-      },
-    })
-  );
+  const client = createORMClient(TEST_SCHEMA, YjsDBAdapter, {
+    getDoc(guid: string) {
+      const doc = new Doc({ guid });
+      doc.clientID = clientId;
+      engine.addDoc(doc);
+      return doc;
+    },
+  });
+
+  // define the hooks
+  client.defineHook('tags', 'migrate field `color` to field `colors`', {
+    deserialize(data) {
+      if (!data.colors && data.color) {
+        data.colors = [data.color];
+      }
+
+      return data;
+    },
+  });
 
   return {
     engine,
@@ -85,14 +82,10 @@ beforeEach<Context>(async t => {
   t.user2 = await createClient(t.server, 2);
 
   t.user1.engine.start();
-  await t.user1.client.connect();
   t.user2.engine.start();
-  await t.user2.client.connect();
 });
 
 afterEach<Context>(async t => {
-  t.user1.client.disconnect();
-  t.user2.client.disconnect();
   t.user1.engine.stop();
   t.user2.engine.stop();
 });
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/yjs.spec.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/yjs.spec.ts
index 3463261a17..387ace83ae 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/yjs.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/__tests__/yjs.spec.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,14 @@
 import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
-import {
-  afterEach,
-  beforeEach,
-  describe,
-  expect,
-  test as t,
-  type TestAPI,
-} from 'vitest';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, test as t, type TestAPI } from 'vitest';
 import { Doc } from 'yjs';
 
 import {
-  createORMClientType,
+  createORMClient,
   type DBSchemaBuilder,
   type DocProvider,
   type Entity,
   f,
+  type ORMClient,
   Table,
   YjsDBAdapter,
 } from '../';
@@ -33,18 +27,12 @@ const docProvider: DocProvider = {
   },
 };
 
-const Client = createORMClientType(TEST_SCHEMA);
 type Context = {
-  client: InstanceType<typeof Client>;
+  client: ORMClient<typeof TEST_SCHEMA>;
 };
 
 beforeEach<Context>(async t => {
-  t.client = new Client(new YjsDBAdapter(docProvider));
-  await t.client.connect();
-});
-
-afterEach<Context>(async t => {
-  await t.client.disconnect();
+  t.client = createORMClient(TEST_SCHEMA, YjsDBAdapter, docProvider);
 });
 
 const test = t as TestAPI<Context>;
@@ -223,15 +211,13 @@ describe('ORM entity CRUD', () => {
   });
 
   test('can not use reserved keyword as field name', () => {
-    const Client = createORMClientType({
+    const schema = {
       tags: {
         $$KEY: f.string().primaryKey().default(nanoid),
       },
-    });
+    };
 
-    expect(() =>
-      new Client(new YjsDBAdapter(docProvider)).connect()
-    ).rejects.toThrow(
+    expect(() => createORMClient(schema, YjsDBAdapter, docProvider)).toThrow(
       "[Table(tags)]: Field '$$KEY' is reserved keyword and can't be used"
     );
   });
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/memory/db.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/memory/db.ts
index 3de9abeb31..99d40e956e 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/memory/db.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/memory/db.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,7 @@
-import type { DBSchemaBuilder } from '../../schema';
 import type { DBAdapter } from '../types';
 import { MemoryTableAdapter } from './table';
 
 export class MemoryORMAdapter implements DBAdapter {
-  connect(_db: DBSchemaBuilder): Promise<void> {
-    return Promise.resolve();
-  }
-
-  disconnect(_db: DBSchemaBuilder): Promise<void> {
-    return Promise.resolve();
-  }
-
   table(tableName: string) {
     return new MemoryTableAdapter(tableName);
   }
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/types.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/types.ts
index 6d274826e3..54832e39ab 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/types.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { DBSchemaBuilder, TableSchemaBuilder } from '../schema';
+import type { TableSchemaBuilder } from '../schema';
 
 export interface Key {
   toString(): string;
@@ -21,8 +21,5 @@ export interface TableAdapter<K extends Key = any, T = unknown> {
 }
 
 export interface DBAdapter {
-  connect(db: DBSchemaBuilder): Promise<void>;
-  disconnect(db: DBSchemaBuilder): Promise<void>;
-
   table(tableName: string): TableAdapter;
 }
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/yjs/db.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/yjs/db.ts
index aad83144f6..f7183e9007 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/yjs/db.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/adapters/yjs/db.ts
@@ -11,25 +11,16 @@ export interface DocProvider {
 
 export class YjsDBAdapter implements DBAdapter {
   tables: Map<string, TableAdapter> = new Map();
-  constructor(private readonly provider: DocProvider) {}
-
-  connect(db: DBSchemaBuilder): Promise<void> {
+  constructor(
+    db: DBSchemaBuilder,
+    private readonly provider: DocProvider
+  ) {
     for (const [tableName, table] of Object.entries(db)) {
       validators.validateYjsTableSchema(tableName, table);
       const doc = this.provider.getDoc(tableName);
 
       this.tables.set(tableName, new YjsTableAdapter(tableName, doc));
     }
-
-    return Promise.resolve();
-  }
-
-  disconnect(_db: DBSchemaBuilder): Promise<void> {
-    this.tables.forEach(table => {
-      table.dispose();
-    });
-    this.tables.clear();
-    return Promise.resolve();
   }
 
   table(tableName: string) {
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/client.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/client.ts
index afbb2b67df..6b07a9ef12 100644
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/client.ts
+++ b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/core/client.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { type DBAdapter, type Hook } from './adapters';
 import type { DBSchemaBuilder } from './schema';
-import { type CreateEntityInput, Table, type TableMap } from './table';
+import { Table, type TableMap } from './table';
 import { validators } from './validators';
 
-export class ORMClient {
-  static hooksMap: Map<string, Hook<any>[]> = new Map();
+class RawORMClient {
+  hooksMap: Map<string, Hook<any>[]> = new Map();
   private readonly tables = new Map<string, Table<any>>();
   constructor(
     protected readonly db: DBSchemaBuilder,
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export class ORMClient {
           if (!table) {
             table = new Table(this.adapter, tableName, {
               schema: tableSchema,
-              hooks: ORMClient.hooksMap.get(tableName),
+              hooks: this.hooksMap.get(tableName),
             });
             this.tables.set(tableName, table);
           }
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export class ORMClient {
     });
   }
 
-  static defineHook(tableName: string, _desc: string, hook: Hook<any>) {
+  defineHook(tableName: string, _desc: string, hook: Hook<any>) {
     let hooks = this.hooksMap.get(tableName);
     if (!hooks) {
       hooks = [];
@@ -36,48 +36,30 @@ export class ORMClient {
 
     hooks.push(hook);
   }
-
-  async connect() {
-    await this.adapter.connect(this.db);
-  }
-
-  async disconnect() {
-    await this.adapter.disconnect(this.db);
-  }
 }
 
-export function createORMClientType<Schema extends DBSchemaBuilder>(
-  db: Schema
-): ORMClientWithTablesClass<Schema> {
+export function createORMClient<
+  const Schema extends DBSchemaBuilder,
+  AdapterConstructor extends new (...args: any[]) => DBAdapter,
+  AdapterConstructorParams extends
+    any[] = ConstructorParameters<AdapterConstructor> extends [
+    DBSchemaBuilder,
+    ...infer Args,
+  ]
+    ? Args
+    : never,
+>(
+  db: Schema,
+  adapter: AdapterConstructor,
+  ...args: AdapterConstructorParams
+): ORMClient<Schema> {
   Object.entries(db).forEach(([tableName, schema]) => {
     validators.validateTableSchema(tableName, schema);
   });
 
-  class ORMClientWithTables extends ORMClient {
-    constructor(adapter: DBAdapter) {
-      super(db, adapter);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return ORMClientWithTables as {
-    new (
-      ...args: ConstructorParameters<typeof ORMClientWithTables>
-    ): ORMClient & TableMap<Schema>;
-
-    defineHook<TableName extends keyof Schema>(
-      tableName: TableName,
-      desc: string,
-      hook: Hook<CreateEntityInput<Schema[TableName]>>
-    ): void;
-  };
+  return new RawORMClient(db, new adapter(db, ...args)) as TableMap<Schema> &
+    RawORMClient;
 }
 
-export type ORMClientWithTablesClass<Schema extends DBSchemaBuilder> = {
-  new (adapter: DBAdapter): TableMap<Schema> & ORMClient;
-
-  defineHook<TableName extends keyof Schema>(
-    tableName: TableName,
-    desc: string,
-    hook: Hook<CreateEntityInput<Schema[TableName]>>
-  ): void;
-};
+export type ORMClient<Schema extends DBSchemaBuilder> = RawORMClient &
+  TableMap<Schema>;
diff --git a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/index.ts b/packages/common/infra/src/orm/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f9dc079c0..0000000000
--- a/packages/common/infra/src/orm/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export * from './affine';