fix(editor): support markdown transform when using IME (#12778)

Fix #12284 
Close
[BS-3517](https://linear.app/affine-design/issue/BS-3517/微软新注音输入法无法使用markdown语法)

This PR refactor the markdown transform during inputting, including:
- Transfrom markdown syntax input in `inlineEditor.slots.inputting`,
where we can detect the space character inputed by IME like Microsoft
Bopomofo, but `keydown` event can't.
- Remove `markdown-input.ts` which was used in `KeymapExtension` of
paragraph, and refactor with `InlineMarkdownExtension`
- Adjust existing `InlineMarkdownExtension` since the space is included
in text.
- Add two `InlineMarkdownExtension` for paragraph and list to impl
Heading1-6, number, bullet, to-do list conversion.

Other changes:
- Improve type hint for parameter of `store.addBlock`

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

## Summary by CodeRabbit

- **New Features**
- Added markdown shortcuts for creating code blocks and dividers in the
rich text editor.
- Introduced enhanced paragraph markdown support for headings and
blockquotes with inline markdown patterns.
- Integrated new list markdown extension supporting numbered, bulleted,
and todo lists with checked states.

- **Improvements**
- Updated markdown formatting patterns to require trailing spaces for
links, LaTeX, and inline styles, improving detection accuracy.
- Markdown transformations now respond to input events instead of
keydown for smoother editing experience.
- Added focus management after markdown transformations to maintain
seamless editing flow.

- **Bug Fixes**
- Removed unnecessary prevention of default behavior on space and
shift-space key presses in list and paragraph editors.

- **Refactor**
- Enhanced event handling and typing for editor input events, improving
reliability and maintainability.
- Refined internal prefix text extraction logic for markdown processing.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

blocksuite/affine/blocks/code/src/markdown.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import {
+  type CodeBlockModel,
+  CodeBlockSchema,
+  ParagraphBlockModel,
+} from '@blocksuite/affine-model';
+import { focusTextModel } from '@blocksuite/affine-rich-text';
+import type { AffineTextAttributes } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/types';
+import { matchModels } from '@blocksuite/affine-shared/utils';
+import type { BlockComponent } from '@blocksuite/std';
+import { InlineMarkdownExtension } from '@blocksuite/std/inline';
+
+export const CodeBlockMarkdownExtension =
+  InlineMarkdownExtension<AffineTextAttributes>({
+    name: 'code-block',
+    pattern: /^```([a-zA-Z0-9]*)\s$/,
+    action: ({ inlineEditor, inlineRange, prefixText, pattern }) => {
+      if (inlineEditor.yTextString.slice(0, inlineRange.index).includes('\n')) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const match = prefixText.match(pattern);
+      if (!match) return;
+
+      const language = match[1];
+
+      if (!inlineEditor.rootElement) return;
+      const blockComponent =
+        inlineEditor.rootElement.closest<BlockComponent>('[data-block-id]');
+      if (!blockComponent) return;
+
+      const { model, std, store } = blockComponent;
+
+      if (
+        matchModels(model, [ParagraphBlockModel]) &&
+        model.props.type === 'quote'
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const parent = store.getParent(model);
+      if (!parent) return;
+      const index = parent.children.indexOf(model);
+
+      store.captureSync();
+      const codeId = store.addBlock<CodeBlockModel>(
+        CodeBlockSchema.model.flavour,
+        { language },
+        parent,
+        index
+      );
+
+      if (model.text && model.text.length > prefixText.length) {
+        const text = model.text.clone();
+        store.addBlock('affine:paragraph', { text }, parent, index + 1);
+        text.delete(0, prefixText.length);
+      }
+      store.deleteBlock(model, { bringChildrenTo: parent });
+
+      focusTextModel(std, codeId);
+    },
+  });

blocksuite/affine/blocks/code/src/view.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { CodeKeymapExtension } from './code-keymap.js';
 import { AFFINE_CODE_TOOLBAR_WIDGET } from './code-toolbar/index.js';
 import { codeSlashMenuConfig } from './configs/slash-menu.js';
 import { effects } from './effects.js';
+import { CodeBlockMarkdownExtension } from './markdown.js';
 
 const codeToolbarWidget = WidgetViewExtension(
   'affine:code',
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ export class CodeBlockViewExtension extends ViewExtensionProvider {
       BlockViewExtension('affine:code', literal`affine-code`),
       SlashMenuConfigExtension('affine:code', codeSlashMenuConfig),
       CodeKeymapExtension,
+      CodeBlockMarkdownExtension,
       ...getCodeClipboardExtensions(),
     ]);
     context.register([