diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/app.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/app.ts
index b123026318..ea47c41a32 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/app.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/app.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { DynamicModule, Module, Type } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { APP_INTERCEPTOR } from '@nestjs/core';
 
 import { AppController } from './app.controller';
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { PrismaModule } from './prisma';
 import { SessionModule } from './session';
 import { RateLimiterModule } from './throttler';
 
-export const BasicModules = [
+export const FunctionalityModules: Array<Type | DynamicModule> = [
   ConfigModule.forRoot(),
   CacheModule,
   PrismaModule,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export const BasicModules = [
 
 // better module registration logic
 if (AFFiNE.redis.enabled) {
-  BasicModules.push(RedisModule);
+  FunctionalityModules.push(RedisModule);
 }
 
 @Module({
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ if (AFFiNE.redis.enabled) {
       useClass: CacheInterceptor,
     },
   ],
-  imports: [...BasicModules, ...BusinessModules],
+  imports: [...FunctionalityModules, ...BusinessModules],
   controllers: SERVER_FLAVOR === 'selfhosted' ? [] : [AppController],
 })
 export class AppModule {}
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/graphql.module.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/graphql.module.ts
index 38ded5c1df..71610e2235 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/graphql.module.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/graphql.module.ts
@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@ import { GQLLoggerPlugin } from './graphql/logger-plugin';
           csrfPrevention: {
             requestHeaders: ['content-type'],
           },
-          autoSchemaFile: join(
-            fileURLToPath(import.meta.url),
-            '..',
-            'schema.gql'
-          ),
+          autoSchemaFile: config.node.test
+            ? join(
+                fileURLToPath(import.meta.url),
+                '../../node_modules/.cache/schema.gql'
+              )
+            : join(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url), '..', 'schema.gql'),
           context: ({ req, res }: { req: Request; res: Response }) => ({
             req,
             res,
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/modules/quota/index.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/modules/quota/index.ts
index 2fc8c8edd5..224422fa17 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/modules/quota/index.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/modules/quota/index.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { QuotaManagementService } from './storage';
  * - quota statistics
  */
 @Module({
+  // FIXME: Quota really need to know `Storage`?
   imports: [StorageModule],
   providers: [PermissionService, QuotaService, QuotaManagementService],
   exports: [QuotaService, QuotaManagementService],
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/modules/storage/__tests__/fs.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/modules/storage/__tests__/fs.spec.ts
index 242c7d5664..3f1f36b874 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/modules/storage/__tests__/fs.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/modules/storage/__tests__/fs.spec.ts
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ test('list recursively', async t => {
   t.is(r5.length, 20);
 });
 
-test.only('delete', async t => {
+test('delete', async t => {
   const provider = createProvider();
   const key = 'testKey';
   const body = Buffer.from('testBody');
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/prisma/index.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/prisma/index.ts
index b3f3b330d8..1c5c8e257b 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/prisma/index.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/prisma/index.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
-import { Global, Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Global, Module, Provider } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 
 import { PrismaService } from './service';
 
+// both `PrismaService` and `PrismaClient` can be injected
+const clientProvider: Provider = {
+  provide: PrismaClient,
+  useExisting: PrismaService,
+};
+
 @Global()
 @Module({
-  providers: [PrismaService],
-  exports: [PrismaService],
+  providers: [PrismaService, clientProvider],
+  exports: [PrismaService, clientProvider],
 })
 export class PrismaModule {}
 export { PrismaService } from './service';
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/app.e2e.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/app.e2e.ts
index 175f58b597..600737252e 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/app.e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/app.e2e.ts
@@ -3,17 +3,16 @@ import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 
 import { Transformer } from '@napi-rs/image';
 import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { hashSync } from '@node-rs/argon2';
 import { type User } from '@prisma/client';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
 import type { Express } from 'express';
-import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 import request from 'supertest';
 
 import { AppModule } from '../src/app';
 import { FeatureManagementService } from '../src/modules/features';
 import { PrismaService } from '../src/prisma/service';
+import { createTestingApp } from './utils';
 
 const gql = '/graphql';
 
@@ -49,25 +48,18 @@ class FakePrisma {
 }
 
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const { app } = await createTestingApp({
     imports: [AppModule],
-  })
-    .overrideProvider(PrismaService)
-    .useClass(FakePrisma)
-    .overrideProvider(FeatureManagementService)
-    .useValue({ canEarlyAccess: () => true })
-    .compile();
-  t.context.app = module.createNestApplication({
-    cors: true,
-    bodyParser: true,
+    tapModule(builder) {
+      builder
+        .overrideProvider(PrismaService)
+        .useClass(FakePrisma)
+        .overrideProvider(FeatureManagementService)
+        .useValue({ canEarlyAccess: () => true });
+    },
   });
-  t.context.app.use(
-    graphqlUploadExpress({
-      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
-      maxFiles: 5,
-    })
-  );
-  await t.context.app.init();
+
+  t.context.app = app;
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async t => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.e2e.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.e2e.ts
index a159a8ae6b..440c189ca6 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.e2e.ts
@@ -3,19 +3,13 @@ import {
   getLatestMailMessage,
 } from '@affine-test/kit/utils/cloud';
 import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
-import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 
-import { AppModule } from '../src/app';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
 import { MailService } from '../src/modules/auth/mailer';
 import { AuthService } from '../src/modules/auth/service';
 import {
   changeEmail,
-  createWorkspace,
-  initFeatureConfigs,
+  createTestingApp,
   sendChangeEmail,
   sendVerifyChangeEmail,
   signUp,
@@ -23,44 +17,20 @@ import {
 
 const test = ava as TestFn<{
   app: INestApplication;
-  client: PrismaClient;
   auth: AuthService;
   mail: MailService;
 }>;
 
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  t.context.client = client;
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.snapshot.deleteMany({});
-  await client.update.deleteMany({});
-  await client.workspace.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
-    imports: [AppModule],
-    providers: [RevertCommand, RunCommand],
-  }).compile();
-  const app = module.createNestApplication();
-  app.use(
-    graphqlUploadExpress({
-      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
-      maxFiles: 5,
-    })
-  );
-  await app.init();
-
-  const auth = module.get(AuthService);
-  const mail = module.get(MailService);
+  const { app } = await createTestingApp();
+  const auth = app.get(AuthService);
+  const mail = app.get(MailService);
   t.context.app = app;
   t.context.auth = auth;
   t.context.mail = mail;
-
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
 });
 
-test.afterEach(async t => {
+test.afterEach.always(async t => {
   await t.context.app.close();
 });
 
@@ -73,8 +43,6 @@ test('change email', async t => {
 
     const u1 = await signUp(app, 'u1', u1Email, '1');
 
-    await createWorkspace(app, u1.token.token);
-
     const primitiveMailCount = await getCurrentMailMessageCount();
 
     await sendChangeEmail(app, u1.token.token, u1Email, 'affine.pro');
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.spec.ts
index e87125b796..906182ea2a 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/auth.spec.ts
@@ -1,34 +1,19 @@
 /// <reference types="../src/global.d.ts" />
-import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import test from 'ava';
 
-import { CacheModule } from '../src/cache';
 import { ConfigModule } from '../src/config';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
-import { GqlModule } from '../src/graphql.module';
-import { AuthModule } from '../src/modules/auth';
 import { AuthResolver } from '../src/modules/auth/resolver';
 import { AuthService } from '../src/modules/auth/service';
-import { PrismaModule } from '../src/prisma';
 import { mintChallengeResponse, verifyChallengeResponse } from '../src/storage';
-import { RateLimiterModule } from '../src/throttler';
-import { initFeatureConfigs } from './utils';
+import { createTestingModule } from './utils';
 
 let authService: AuthService;
 let authResolver: AuthResolver;
 let module: TestingModule;
 
-// cleanup database before each test
 test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-});
-
-test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  module = await createTestingModule({
     imports: [
       ConfigModule.forRoot({
         auth: {
@@ -39,20 +24,11 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
         host: 'example.org',
         https: true,
       }),
-      PrismaModule,
-      CacheModule,
-      GqlModule,
-      AuthModule,
-      RateLimiterModule,
-      RevertCommand,
-      RunCommand,
     ],
-  }).compile();
+  });
+
   authService = module.get(AuthService);
   authResolver = module.get(AuthResolver);
-
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async () => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/doc.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/doc.spec.ts
index e004d697ec..d772514c24 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/doc.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/doc.spec.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import { mock } from 'node:test';
 
-import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import test from 'ava';
-import { register } from 'prom-client';
 import * as Sinon from 'sinon';
 import {
   applyUpdate,
@@ -12,37 +10,19 @@ import {
   encodeStateAsUpdate,
 } from 'yjs';
 
-import { CacheModule } from '../src/cache';
-import { Config, ConfigModule } from '../src/config';
-import {
-  collectMigrations,
-  RevertCommand,
-  RunCommand,
-} from '../src/data/commands/run';
-import { EventModule } from '../src/event';
+import { Config } from '../src/config';
 import { DocManager, DocModule } from '../src/modules/doc';
 import { QuotaModule } from '../src/modules/quota';
 import { StorageModule } from '../src/modules/storage';
-import { PrismaModule, PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
-import { flushDB } from './utils';
+import { PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
+import { createTestingModule, initTestingDB } from './utils';
 
 const createModule = () => {
-  return Test.createTestingModule({
-    imports: [
-      PrismaModule,
-      CacheModule,
-      EventModule,
-      QuotaModule,
-      StorageModule,
-      ConfigModule.forRoot(),
-      DocModule,
-      RevertCommand,
-      RunCommand,
-    ],
-  }).compile();
+  return createTestingModule({
+    imports: [QuotaModule, StorageModule, DocModule],
+  });
 };
 
-let app: INestApplication;
 let m: TestingModule;
 let timer: Sinon.SinonFakeTimers;
 
@@ -51,44 +31,34 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
   timer = Sinon.useFakeTimers({
     toFake: ['setInterval'],
   });
-  await flushDB();
   m = await createModule();
-  app = m.createNestApplication();
-  app.enableShutdownHooks();
-  await app.init();
-
-  // init features
-  const run = m.get(RunCommand);
-  const revert = m.get(RevertCommand);
-  const migrations = await collectMigrations();
-  await Promise.allSettled(migrations.map(m => revert.run([m.name])));
-  await run.run();
+  await m.init();
+  await initTestingDB(m.get(PrismaService));
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async () => {
-  await app.close();
   await m.close();
   timer.restore();
 });
 
 test('should setup update poll interval', async t => {
-  register.clear();
   const m = await createModule();
   const manager = m.get(DocManager);
   const fake = mock.method(manager, 'setup');
 
-  await m.createNestApplication().init();
+  await m.init();
 
   t.is(fake.mock.callCount(), 1);
   // @ts-expect-error private member
   t.truthy(manager.job);
+  m.close();
 });
 
 test('should be able to stop poll', async t => {
   const manager = m.get(DocManager);
   const fake = mock.method(manager, 'destroy');
 
-  await app.close();
+  await m.close();
 
   t.is(fake.mock.callCount(), 1);
   // @ts-expect-error private member
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/feature.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/feature.spec.ts
index 320f970898..20012f7806 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/feature.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/feature.spec.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
 /// <reference types="../src/global.d.ts" />
 
-import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { INestApplication, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
 
-import { CacheModule } from '../src/cache';
 import { ConfigModule } from '../src/config';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
-import { AuthModule } from '../src/modules/auth';
 import { AuthService } from '../src/modules/auth/service';
 import {
   FeatureManagementService,
@@ -19,9 +14,8 @@ import {
 import { UserType } from '../src/modules/users/types';
 import { WorkspaceResolver } from '../src/modules/workspaces/resolvers';
 import { Permission } from '../src/modules/workspaces/types';
-import { PrismaModule, PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
-import { RateLimiterModule } from '../src/throttler';
-import { initFeatureConfigs } from './utils';
+import { PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
+import { createTestingApp } from './utils';
 
 @Injectable()
 class WorkspaceResolverMock {
@@ -53,20 +47,11 @@ const test = ava as TestFn<{
   feature: FeatureService;
   workspace: WorkspaceResolver;
   management: FeatureManagementService;
-  app: TestingModule;
+  app: INestApplication;
 }>;
 
-// cleanup database before each test
-test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.workspace.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-});
-
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const { app } = await createTestingApp({
     imports: [
       ConfigModule.forRoot({
         auth: {
@@ -80,28 +65,21 @@ test.beforeEach(async t => {
           earlyAccessPreview: true,
         },
       }),
-      PrismaModule,
-      CacheModule,
-      AuthModule,
       FeatureModule,
-      RateLimiterModule,
-      RevertCommand,
-      RunCommand,
     ],
     providers: [WorkspaceResolver],
-  })
-    .overrideProvider(WorkspaceResolver)
-    .useClass(WorkspaceResolverMock)
-    .compile();
+    tapModule: module => {
+      module
+        .overrideProvider(WorkspaceResolver)
+        .useClass(WorkspaceResolverMock);
+    },
+  });
 
-  t.context.app = module;
-  t.context.auth = module.get(AuthService);
-  t.context.feature = module.get(FeatureService);
-  t.context.workspace = module.get(WorkspaceResolver);
-  t.context.management = module.get(FeatureManagementService);
-
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
+  t.context.app = app;
+  t.context.auth = app.get(AuthService);
+  t.context.feature = app.get(FeatureService);
+  t.context.workspace = app.get(WorkspaceResolver);
+  t.context.management = app.get(FeatureManagementService);
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async t => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/history.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/history.spec.ts
index 050f30de56..7d416bd08d 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/history.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/history.spec.ts
@@ -1,40 +1,26 @@
-import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { ScheduleModule } from '@nestjs/schedule';
-import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import type { Snapshot } from '@prisma/client';
 import test from 'ava';
 import * as Sinon from 'sinon';
 
-import { ConfigModule } from '../src/config';
-import { EventModule, type EventPayload } from '../src/event';
+import { type EventPayload } from '../src/event';
 import { DocHistoryManager } from '../src/modules/doc';
 import { QuotaModule } from '../src/modules/quota';
 import { StorageModule } from '../src/modules/storage';
-import { PrismaModule, PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
-import { flushDB } from './utils';
+import { PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
+import { createTestingModule } from './utils';
 
-let app: INestApplication;
 let m: TestingModule;
 let manager: DocHistoryManager;
 let db: PrismaService;
 
 // cleanup database before each test
 test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  await flushDB();
-  m = await Test.createTestingModule({
-    imports: [
-      PrismaModule,
-      QuotaModule,
-      EventModule,
-      StorageModule,
-      ScheduleModule.forRoot(),
-      ConfigModule.forRoot(),
-    ],
+  m = await createTestingModule({
+    imports: [StorageModule, QuotaModule],
     providers: [DocHistoryManager],
-  }).compile();
+  });
 
-  app = m.createNestApplication();
-  await app.init();
   manager = m.get(DocHistoryManager);
   Sinon.stub(manager, 'getExpiredDateFromNow').resolves(
     new Date(Date.now() + 1000)
@@ -42,8 +28,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
   db = m.get(PrismaService);
 });
 
-test.afterEach(async () => {
-  await app.close();
+test.afterEach.always(async () => {
   await m.close();
   Sinon.restore();
 });
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.e2e.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.e2e.ts
index 3538d4e303..0e948dfcc9 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.e2e.ts
@@ -6,19 +6,13 @@ import {
   getCurrentMailMessageCount,
   getLatestMailMessage,
 } from '@affine-test/kit/utils/cloud';
-import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
 
-import { CacheModule } from '../src/cache';
 import { ConfigModule } from '../src/config';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
-import { GqlModule } from '../src/graphql.module';
-import { AuthModule } from '../src/modules/auth';
 import { AuthService } from '../src/modules/auth/service';
-import { PrismaModule } from '../src/prisma';
-import { RateLimiterModule } from '../src/throttler';
-import { initFeatureConfigs } from './utils';
+import { createTestingModule } from './utils';
 
 const test = ava as TestFn<{
   auth: AuthService;
@@ -34,7 +28,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 });
 
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  t.context.module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  t.context.module = await createTestingModule({
     imports: [
       ConfigModule.forRoot({
         auth: {
@@ -43,18 +37,9 @@ test.beforeEach(async t => {
           leeway: 1,
         },
       }),
-      PrismaModule,
-      GqlModule,
-      AuthModule,
-      CacheModule,
-      RateLimiterModule,
     ],
-    providers: [RevertCommand, RunCommand],
-  }).compile();
+  });
   t.context.auth = t.context.module.get(AuthService);
-
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(t.context.module);
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async t => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.spec.ts
index 1e1da0c2ef..7f45664ec6 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/mailer.spec.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 
 import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { hashSync } from '@node-rs/argon2';
 import { type User } from '@prisma/client';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
-import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 
 import { AppModule } from '../src/app';
 import { MailService } from '../src/modules/auth/mailer';
 import { FeatureKind, FeatureManagementService } from '../src/modules/features';
 import { Quotas } from '../src/modules/quota';
 import { PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
-import { createWorkspace, getInviteInfo, inviteUser, signUp } from './utils';
+import {
+  createTestingApp,
+  createWorkspace,
+  getInviteInfo,
+  inviteUser,
+  signUp,
+} from './utils';
 
 const FakePrisma = {
   fakeUser: {
@@ -123,26 +127,20 @@ const test = ava as TestFn<{
 }>;
 
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const { module, app } = await createTestingApp({
     imports: [AppModule],
-  })
-    .overrideProvider(PrismaService)
-    .useValue(FakePrisma)
-    .overrideProvider(FeatureManagementService)
-    .useValue({
-      hasWorkspaceFeature() {
-        return false;
-      },
-    })
-    .compile();
-  const app = module.createNestApplication();
-  app.use(
-    graphqlUploadExpress({
-      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
-      maxFiles: 5,
-    })
-  );
-  await app.init();
+    tapModule: module => {
+      module
+        .overrideProvider(PrismaService)
+        .useValue(FakePrisma)
+        .overrideProvider(FeatureManagementService)
+        .useValue({
+          hasWorkspaceFeature() {
+            return false;
+          },
+        });
+    },
+  });
 
   const mail = module.get(MailService);
   t.context.app = app;
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/quota.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/quota.spec.ts
index 5e5237759a..75c7662a04 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/quota.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/quota.spec.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
 /// <reference types="../src/global.d.ts" />
 
-import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import { TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
 
-import { CacheModule } from '../src/cache';
-import { ConfigModule } from '../src/config';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
-import { EventModule } from '../src/event';
-import { AuthModule } from '../src/modules/auth';
 import { AuthService } from '../src/modules/auth/service';
 import {
   QuotaManagementService,
@@ -18,64 +12,32 @@ import {
   QuotaType,
 } from '../src/modules/quota';
 import { StorageModule } from '../src/modules/storage';
-import { PrismaModule } from '../src/prisma';
-import { RateLimiterModule } from '../src/throttler';
-import { initFeatureConfigs } from './utils';
+import { createTestingModule } from './utils';
 
 const test = ava as TestFn<{
   auth: AuthService;
   quota: QuotaService;
   storageQuota: QuotaManagementService;
-  app: TestingModule;
+  module: TestingModule;
 }>;
 
-// cleanup database before each test
-test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-});
-
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
-    imports: [
-      ConfigModule.forRoot({
-        auth: {
-          accessTokenExpiresIn: 1,
-          refreshTokenExpiresIn: 1,
-          leeway: 1,
-        },
-        host: 'example.org',
-        https: true,
-      }),
-      PrismaModule,
-      CacheModule,
-      AuthModule,
-      EventModule,
-      QuotaModule,
-      StorageModule,
-      RateLimiterModule,
-      RevertCommand,
-      RunCommand,
-    ],
-  }).compile();
+  const module = await createTestingModule({
+    imports: [StorageModule, QuotaModule],
+  });
 
   const quota = module.get(QuotaService);
   const storageQuota = module.get(QuotaManagementService);
   const auth = module.get(AuthService);
 
-  t.context.app = module;
+  t.context.module = module;
   t.context.quota = quota;
   t.context.storageQuota = storageQuota;
   t.context.auth = auth;
-
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async t => {
-  await t.context.app.close();
+  await t.context.module.close();
 });
 
 test('should be able to set quota', async t => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/session.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/session.spec.ts
index 71b08a485a..8814011d39 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/session.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/session.spec.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 /// <reference types="../src/global.d.ts" />
 
-import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
 
 import { CacheModule } from '../src/cache';
 import { ConfigModule } from '../src/config';
 import { SessionModule, SessionService } from '../src/session';
+import { createTestingModule } from './utils';
 
 const test = ava as TestFn<{
   session: SessionService;
-  app: TestingModule;
+  module: TestingModule;
 }>;
 
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const module = await createTestingModule({
     imports: [
       ConfigModule.forRoot({
         redis: {
@@ -23,14 +24,14 @@ test.beforeEach(async t => {
       CacheModule,
       SessionModule,
     ],
-  }).compile();
+  });
   const session = module.get(SessionService);
-  t.context.app = module;
+  t.context.module = module;
   t.context.session = session;
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async t => {
-  await t.context.app.close();
+  await t.context.module.close();
 });
 
 test('should be able to set session', async t => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/user.e2e.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/user.e2e.ts
index 7087ba3f9f..3932282a44 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/user.e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/user.e2e.ts
@@ -1,40 +1,17 @@
 import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 import test from 'ava';
-import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 import request from 'supertest';
 
 import { AppModule } from '../src/app';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
-import { currentUser, initFeatureConfigs, signUp } from './utils';
+import { createTestingApp, currentUser, signUp } from './utils';
 
 let app: INestApplication;
 
-// cleanup database before each test
 test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-});
-
-test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const { app: testApp } = await createTestingApp({
     imports: [AppModule],
-    providers: [RevertCommand, RunCommand],
-  }).compile();
-  app = module.createNestApplication();
-  app.use(
-    graphqlUploadExpress({
-      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
-      maxFiles: 5,
-    })
-  );
-  await app.init();
-
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
+  });
+  app = testApp;
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async () => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/utils/utils.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/utils/utils.ts
index 042f718c93..334a78941e 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/utils/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/utils/utils.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { INestApplication, ModuleMetadata } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Query, Resolver } from '@nestjs/graphql';
+import { Test, TestingModuleBuilder } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
+import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 
-import { TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { hashSync } from '@node-rs/argon2';
-import { PrismaClient, type User } from '@prisma/client';
+import { AppModule, FunctionalityModules } from '../../src/app';
+import { UserFeaturesInit1698652531198 } from '../../src/data/migrations/1698652531198-user-features-init';
+import { GqlModule } from '../../src/graphql.module';
 
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../../src/data/commands/run';
-
-export async function flushDB() {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  await client.$connect();
+async function flushDB(client: PrismaClient) {
   const result: { tablename: string }[] =
     await client.$queryRaw`SELECT tablename
                            FROM pg_catalog.pg_tables
@@ -22,41 +22,99 @@ export async function flushDB() {
       .filter(name => !name.includes('migrations'))
       .join(', ')}`
   );
-
-  await client.$disconnect();
 }
 
-export class FakePrisma {
-  fakeUser: User = {
-    id: randomUUID(),
-    name: 'Alex Yang',
-    avatarUrl: '',
-    email: 'alex.yang@example.org',
-    password: hashSync('123456'),
-    emailVerified: new Date(),
-    createdAt: new Date(),
-  };
+async function initFeatureConfigs(db: PrismaClient) {
+  await UserFeaturesInit1698652531198.up(db);
+}
 
-  get user() {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-    const prisma = this;
-    return {
-      async findFirst() {
-        return prisma.fakeUser;
-      },
-      async findUnique() {
-        return this.findFirst();
-      },
-      async update() {
-        return this.findFirst();
-      },
-    };
+export async function initTestingDB(db: PrismaClient) {
+  await flushDB(db);
+  await initFeatureConfigs(db);
+}
+
+interface TestingModuleMeatdata extends ModuleMetadata {
+  tapModule?(m: TestingModuleBuilder): void;
+  tapApp?(app: INestApplication): void;
+}
+
+function dedupeModules(modules: NonNullable<ModuleMetadata['imports']>) {
+  const map = new Map();
+
+  modules.forEach(m => {
+    if ('module' in m) {
+      map.set(m.module, m);
+    } else {
+      map.set(m, m);
+    }
+  });
+
+  return Array.from(map.values());
+}
+
+@Resolver(() => String)
+class MockResolver {
+  @Query(() => String)
+  hello() {
+    return 'hello world';
   }
 }
 
-export async function initFeatureConfigs(module: TestingModule) {
-  const run = module.get(RunCommand);
-  const revert = module.get(RevertCommand);
-  await Promise.allSettled([revert.run(['UserFeaturesInit1698652531198'])]);
-  await run.runOne('UserFeaturesInit1698652531198');
+export async function createTestingModule(
+  moduleDef: TestingModuleMeatdata = {}
+) {
+  // setting up
+  let imports = moduleDef.imports ?? [];
+  imports =
+    imports[0] === AppModule
+      ? [AppModule]
+      : dedupeModules([...FunctionalityModules, GqlModule, ...imports]);
+
+  const builder = Test.createTestingModule({
+    imports,
+    providers: [MockResolver, ...(moduleDef.providers ?? [])],
+    controllers: moduleDef.controllers,
+  });
+
+  if (moduleDef.tapModule) {
+    moduleDef.tapModule(builder);
+  }
+
+  const m = await builder.compile();
+
+  const prisma = m.get(PrismaClient);
+  if (prisma instanceof PrismaClient) {
+    await flushDB(prisma);
+    await initFeatureConfigs(prisma);
+  }
+
+  return m;
+}
+
+export async function createTestingApp(moduleDef: TestingModuleMeatdata = {}) {
+  const m = await createTestingModule(moduleDef);
+
+  const app = m.createNestApplication({
+    cors: true,
+    bodyParser: true,
+    rawBody: true,
+  });
+
+  app.use(
+    graphqlUploadExpress({
+      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
+      maxFiles: 5,
+    })
+  );
+
+  if (moduleDef.tapApp) {
+    moduleDef.tapApp(app);
+  }
+
+  await app.init();
+
+  return {
+    module: m,
+    app,
+  };
 }
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-blobs.spec.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-blobs.spec.ts
index ed86723e8a..37abda1e45 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-blobs.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-blobs.spec.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
 import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
-import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 import test from 'ava';
-import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 import request from 'supertest';
 
 import { AppModule } from '../src/app';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
 import { QuotaService, QuotaType } from '../src/modules/quota';
 import {
   checkBlobSize,
   collectAllBlobSizes,
+  createTestingApp,
   createWorkspace,
   getWorkspaceBlobsSize,
-  initFeatureConfigs,
   listBlobs,
   setBlob,
   signUp,
@@ -22,36 +18,13 @@ import {
 let app: INestApplication;
 let quota: QuotaService;
 
-const client = new PrismaClient();
-
-// cleanup database before each test
 test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.snapshot.deleteMany({});
-  await client.update.deleteMany({});
-  await client.workspace.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-});
-
-test.beforeEach(async () => {
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const { app: testApp } = await createTestingApp({
     imports: [AppModule],
-    providers: [RevertCommand, RunCommand],
-  }).compile();
-  app = module.createNestApplication();
-  app.use(
-    graphqlUploadExpress({
-      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
-      maxFiles: 5,
-    })
-  );
-  quota = module.get(QuotaService);
+  });
 
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
-
-  await app.init();
+  app = testApp;
+  quota = app.get(QuotaService);
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async () => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-invite.e2e.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-invite.e2e.ts
index 52a6eac694..8ecc747290 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-invite.e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace-invite.e2e.ts
@@ -3,20 +3,18 @@ import {
   getLatestMailMessage,
 } from '@affine-test/kit/utils/cloud';
 import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
-import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 
 import { AppModule } from '../src/app';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
 import { MailService } from '../src/modules/auth/mailer';
 import { AuthService } from '../src/modules/auth/service';
+import { PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
 import {
   acceptInviteById,
+  createTestingApp,
   createWorkspace,
   getWorkspace,
-  initFeatureConfigs,
   inviteUser,
   leaveWorkspace,
   revokeUser,
@@ -31,36 +29,13 @@ const test = ava as TestFn<{
 }>;
 
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  t.context.client = client;
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.snapshot.deleteMany({});
-  await client.update.deleteMany({});
-  await client.workspace.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const { app } = await createTestingApp({
     imports: [AppModule],
-    providers: [RevertCommand, RunCommand],
-  }).compile();
-  const app = module.createNestApplication();
-  app.use(
-    graphqlUploadExpress({
-      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
-      maxFiles: 5,
-    })
-  );
-  await app.init();
-
-  const auth = module.get(AuthService);
-  const mail = module.get(MailService);
-
+  });
   t.context.app = app;
-  t.context.auth = auth;
-  t.context.mail = mail;
-
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
+  t.context.client = app.get(PrismaService);
+  t.context.auth = app.get(AuthService);
+  t.context.mail = app.get(MailService);
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async t => {
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace.e2e.ts b/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace.e2e.ts
index 86904acc6a..8483a92141 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace.e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/tests/workspace.e2e.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
 import type { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 import ava, { type TestFn } from 'ava';
-import graphqlUploadExpress from 'graphql-upload/graphqlUploadExpress.mjs';
 import request from 'supertest';
 
 import { AppModule } from '../src/app';
-import { RevertCommand, RunCommand } from '../src/data/commands/run';
+import { PrismaService } from '../src/prisma';
 import {
   acceptInviteById,
+  createTestingApp,
   createWorkspace,
   currentUser,
   getPublicWorkspace,
   getWorkspacePublicPages,
-  initFeatureConfigs,
   inviteUser,
   publishPage,
   revokePublicPage,
@@ -27,30 +25,12 @@ const test = ava as TestFn<{
 }>;
 
 test.beforeEach(async t => {
-  const client = new PrismaClient();
-  await client.$connect();
-  await client.user.deleteMany({});
-  await client.update.deleteMany({});
-  await client.snapshot.deleteMany({});
-  await client.workspace.deleteMany({});
-  await client.$disconnect();
-  const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+  const { app } = await createTestingApp({
     imports: [AppModule],
-    providers: [RevertCommand, RunCommand],
-  }).compile();
-  const app = module.createNestApplication();
-  app.use(
-    graphqlUploadExpress({
-      maxFileSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
-      maxFiles: 5,
-    })
-  );
-  await app.init();
-  t.context.client = client;
-  t.context.app = app;
+  });
 
-  // init features
-  await initFeatureConfigs(module);
+  t.context.client = app.get(PrismaService);
+  t.context.app = app;
 });
 
 test.afterEach.always(async t => {