diff --git a/blocksuite/affine/model/src/consts/doc.ts b/blocksuite/affine/model/src/consts/doc.ts
index 84b2144217..64542139ec 100644
--- a/blocksuite/affine/model/src/consts/doc.ts
+++ b/blocksuite/affine/model/src/consts/doc.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { SerializedXYWH } from '@blocksuite/global/gfx';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 export type DocMode = 'edgeless' | 'page';
@@ -26,6 +27,14 @@ export const AliasInfoSchema = z
 
 export type AliasInfo = z.infer<typeof AliasInfoSchema>;
 
+export const SerializedXYWHSchema = z.custom<SerializedXYWH>(val => {
+  if (typeof val !== 'string') return false;
+  const match = val.match(/^\[(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)\]$/);
+  if (!match) return false;
+  // Ensure all numbers are valid
+  return match.slice(1).every(num => !isNaN(Number(num)));
+}, 'Invalid XYWH format. Expected [number,number,number,number]');
+
 export const ReferenceParamsSchema = z
   .object({
     mode: z.enum(DocModes),
@@ -33,6 +42,7 @@ export const ReferenceParamsSchema = z
     elementIds: z.string().array(),
     databaseId: z.string().optional(),
     databaseRowId: z.string().optional(),
+    xywh: SerializedXYWHSchema.optional(),
   })
   .partial();
 
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/bi-directional-link-panel.tsx b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/bi-directional-link-panel.tsx
index eabe7a2bea..e4ace9e2f1 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/bi-directional-link-panel.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/bi-directional-link-panel.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
   DocLinksService,
   type Link,
 } from '@affine/core/modules/doc-link';
-import { toURLSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
+import { toDocSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation/utils';
 import { GlobalSessionStateService } from '@affine/core/modules/storage';
 import { WorkbenchLink } from '@affine/core/modules/workbench';
 import {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ const usePreviewExtensions = () => {
       const pageId = data.pageId;
       if (!pageId) return <span />;
 
-      const params = toURLSearchParams(data.params);
+      const params = toDocSearchParams(data.params);
 
       if (workspaceService.workspace.openOptions.isSharedMode) {
         return (
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/lit-adaper.tsx b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/lit-adaper.tsx
index 59c31ae1bb..39bfd16619 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/lit-adaper.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/blocksuite/block-suite-editor/lit-adaper.tsx
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { EditorService } from '@affine/core/modules/editor';
 import { EditorSettingService } from '@affine/core/modules/editor-setting';
 import { FeatureFlagService } from '@affine/core/modules/feature-flag';
 import { JournalService } from '@affine/core/modules/journal';
-import { toURLSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
+import { toDocSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
 import { useInsidePeekView } from '@affine/core/modules/peek-view';
 import { PeekViewService } from '@affine/core/modules/peek-view/services/peek-view';
 import { MemberSearchService } from '@affine/core/modules/permissions';
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ const usePatchSpecs = (mode: DocMode) => {
 
       // title alias
       const title = data.title;
-      const params = toURLSearchParams(data.params);
+      const params = toDocSearchParams(data.params);
 
       if (workspaceService.workspace.openOptions.isSharedMode) {
         return (
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-share-url.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-share-url.ts
index ebb45e5534..9f9c15e9be 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-share-url.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/affine/use-share-url.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { notify } from '@affine/component';
 import { ServerService } from '@affine/core/modules/cloud';
-import { toURLSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
+import { toDocSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
 import { copyTextToClipboard } from '@affine/core/utils/clipboard';
 import { useI18n } from '@affine/i18n';
 import { track } from '@affine/track';
+import type { SerializedXYWH } from '@blocksuite/affine/global/gfx';
 import { type DocMode } from '@blocksuite/affine/model';
 import {
   getBlockSelectionsCommand,
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ export type UseSharingUrl = {
   mode?: DocMode;
   blockIds?: string[];
   elementIds?: string[];
-  xywh?: string; // not needed currently
+  xywh?: SerializedXYWH; // not needed currently
 };
 
 /**
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ export const generateUrl = ({
 }: UseSharingUrl & { baseUrl: string }) => {
   try {
     const url = new URL(`/workspace/${workspaceId}/${pageId}`, baseUrl);
-    const search = toURLSearchParams({ mode, blockIds, elementIds, xywh });
+    const search = toDocSearchParams({ mode, blockIds, elementIds, xywh });
     if (search?.size) url.search = search.toString();
     return url.toString();
   } catch (err) {
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/use-navigate-helper.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/use-navigate-helper.ts
index 25e9981b25..cd35c37c46 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/use-navigate-helper.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/components/hooks/use-navigate-helper.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { SettingTab } from '@affine/core/modules/dialogs/constant';
-import { toURLSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
+import { toDocSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
 import { getOpenUrlInDesktopAppLink } from '@affine/core/modules/open-in-app';
 import type { DocMode } from '@blocksuite/affine/model';
 import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export function useNavigateHelper() {
       elementIds?: string[],
       logic: RouteLogic = RouteLogic.PUSH
     ) => {
-      const search = toURLSearchParams({
+      const search = toDocSearchParams({
         mode,
         blockIds,
         elementIds,
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/docs-search/services/docs-search.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/docs-search/services/docs-search.ts
index 1cf6e6385d..742c568dd1 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/docs-search/services/docs-search.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/docs-search/services/docs-search.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { toURLSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
+import { toDocSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation';
 import type { IndexerSyncState } from '@affine/nbstore';
 import type { ReferenceParams } from '@blocksuite/affine/model';
 import { fromPromise, LiveData, Service } from '@toeverything/infra';
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ export class DocsSearchService extends Service {
                   docId: doc.id,
                   params: isEmpty(params)
                     ? undefined
-                    : toURLSearchParams(params),
+                    : toDocSearchParams(params),
                 };
               })
               .filter(ref => !!ref);
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/index.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/index.ts
index 48e0f0a443..3b5f978363 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/index.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/index.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ export { Navigator } from './entities/navigator';
 export {
   resolveLinkToDoc,
   resolveRouteLinkMeta,
+  toDocSearchParams,
   toURLSearchParams,
 } from './utils';
 export { NavigationButtons } from './view/navigation-buttons';
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/utils.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/utils.ts
index 783a3b8856..2f59d7d7bb 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/navigation/utils.ts
@@ -189,3 +189,12 @@ export function toURLSearchParams(
       .map(([k, v]) => [k, Array.isArray(v) ? v.join(',') : v])
   );
 }
+
+// a type safe version of toURLSearchParams for doc search params
+export function toDocSearchParams(
+  params?: ReferenceParams & {
+    refreshKey?: string;
+  }
+) {
+  return toURLSearchParams(params);
+}
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/peek-view/view/peek-view-controls.tsx b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/peek-view/view/peek-view-controls.tsx
index 8a6b8dd9e3..ec119908ac 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/peek-view/view/peek-view-controls.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/peek-view/view/peek-view-controls.tsx
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import {
 import { ServerService } from '../../cloud';
 import { WorkspaceDialogService } from '../../dialogs';
 import { DocsService } from '../../doc/services/docs';
-import { toURLSearchParams } from '../../navigation';
+import { toDocSearchParams } from '../../navigation';
 import { WorkbenchService } from '../../workbench';
 import type {
   AttachmentPeekViewInfo,
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ export const DocPeekViewControls = ({
         name: t['com.affine.peek-view-controls.copy-link'](),
         onClick: async () => {
           const preferredMode = docsService.list.getPrimaryMode(docRef.docId);
-          const search = toURLSearchParams({
+          const search = toDocSearchParams({
             mode: docRef.mode || preferredMode,
             blockIds: docRef.blockIds,
             elementIds: docRef.elementIds,
diff --git a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workbench/entities/workbench.ts b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workbench/entities/workbench.ts
index d22e42a0f1..60f92b76a4 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workbench/entities/workbench.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/modules/workbench/entities/workbench.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { toURLSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation/utils';
+import { toDocSearchParams } from '@affine/core/modules/navigation/utils';
 import { Unreachable } from '@affine/env/constant';
 import type { ReferenceParams } from '@blocksuite/affine/model';
 import { Entity, LiveData } from '@toeverything/infra';
@@ -156,10 +156,11 @@ export class Workbench extends Entity {
   openDoc(
     id:
       | string
-      | ({ docId: string } & (
-          | ReferenceParams
-          | Record<string, string | undefined>
-        )),
+      | ({
+          docId: string;
+          refreshKey?: string;
+          fromTab?: string;
+        } & ReferenceParams),
     options?: WorkbenchOpenOptions
   ) {
     const isString = typeof id === 'string';
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ export class Workbench extends Entity {
 
     let query = '';
     if (!isString) {
-      const search = toURLSearchParams(omit(id, ['docId']));
+      const search = toDocSearchParams(omit(id, ['docId']));
       if (search?.size) {
         query = `?${search.toString()}`;
       }