feat: bump typescript (#14507)

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

* **Chores**
  * Upgraded TypeScript toolchain to v5.9.3 across packages and tooling.
* Removed legacy ts-node and migrated developer tooling to newer
runtimes (tsx/SWC) where applicable.
* **Documentation**
* Updated developer CLI docs and runtime behavior notes to reflect the
new loader/runtime for running TypeScript files; no changes to public
APIs or end-user behavior.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

package.json

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
     "oxlint": "^1.47.0",
     "prettier": "^3.7.4",
     "semver": "^7.7.3",
-    "typescript": "^5.7.2",
+    "typescript": "^5.9.3",
     "typescript-eslint": "^8.55.0",
     "unplugin-swc": "^1.5.9",
     "vite": "^7.2.7",